title: Are 24 h urinary sodium excretion and sodium:potassium independently associated with obesity in Chinese adults?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association of 24 h urinary Na excretion and Na:K with obesity in Chinese adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based cross-sectional study using a four-stage stratified sampling strategy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Shandong Province, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chinese adults (n 1906) aged 18-69 years who provided complete 24 h urine samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Odds of obesity increased significantly across increasing quartiles of urinary Na excretion (1·00, 1·54, 1·69 and 2·52, respectively, for overweight; 1·00, 1·20, 1·50, and 2·03, respectively, for obesity; 1·00, 1·44, 1·85 and 2·53, respectively, for abdominal obesity (assessed by waist circumference); and 1·00, 1·28, 1·44 and 1·75, respectively, for abdominal obesity (assessed by waist-to-height ratio); P for linear trend <0·001 for all). In addition, odds of abdominal obesity, but not odds of overweight and obesity, increased significantly with successive Na:K quartiles. Additionally, for each increment in urinary Na excretion of 100 mmol, odds of overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity (by waist circumference) and abdominal obesity (by waist-to-height ratio) increased significantly by 46 %, 39 %, 55 % and 33 %, respectively. Similarly, with a 1 sd increase in Na:K, odds of abdominal obesity (by waist circumference) and abdominal obesity (by waist-to-height ratio) increased significantly by 12 % and 15 %, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that 24 h urinary Na excretion and Na:K might be important risk factors for obesity in Chinese adults.
authors.affiliation: 1National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,No. 27 Nanwei Road,Xicheng District,Beijing 100050,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention,Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jinan,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 1National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,No. 27 Nanwei Road,Xicheng District,Beijing 100050,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaorong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: 1National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,No. 27 Nanwei Road,Xicheng District,Beijing 100050,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liuxia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention,Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jinan,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaolei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention,Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jinan,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zilong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention,Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jinan,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Aiqiang
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: 1National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,No. 27 Nanwei Road,Xicheng District,Beijing 100050,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jixiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000652:urine*; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000652:urine; D050177:Overweight / Q000652:urine; D011188:Potassium / Q000652:urine*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine*; D055105:Waist Circumference; D065927:Waist-Height Ratio; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium
keywords: 24 h urinary Na excretion; China; Cross-sectional studies; Na:K; Obesity