title: The SAD-MEN questionnaire: a new and reliable questionnaire for assessing sexual dysfunction in Asians with diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to construct a new tool for the assessment of sexual dysfunction among men with diabetes that is valid and reliable across different ethnicities, languages and socio-economic backgrounds in South East Asia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Focus group interviews were conducted to determine the construct of the questionnaire. Content and face validity were assessed by a panel of experts. A pilot study was conducted to validate the Sexual Dysfunction in Asian Men with Diabetes (SAD-MEN) questionnaire in English and Malay. The International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) was used for comparison. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis, reliability was determined using Cronbach's α (> 0.700), and test-retest reliability using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SAD-MEN questionnaire yielded moderate face and content validity, with high reliability as shown by Cronbach's α values of 0.949 for sexual performance and 0.775 for sexual desire for the English version. The Malay language questionnaire had a Cronbach's α value of 0.945 for sexual performance and 0.750 for sexual desire. Test-retest reliability using Spearman's test gave correlation coefficients of r = 0.853, P = 0.000 for the English language questionnaire and r = 0.908, P = 0.000 for the Malay language questionnaire.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SAD-MEN questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool by which to assess sexual dysfunction in English- and Malay-speaking Malaysian and South East Asian men with diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Clinical School Johor Bahru, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Clinical School Johor Bahru, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M Z H
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Clinical School Johor Bahru, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: C Y T
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
authors.forename: S G K
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Goh
authors.affiliation: Clinical School Johor Bahru, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M I M
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Azhar
authors.affiliation: Clinical School Johor Bahru, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Clinical School Johor Bahru, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Rusli
authors.affiliation: Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
authors.forename: B A K
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Khalid
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D065246:Culturally Competent Care; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000208:ethnology; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D020018:Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors