title: The effects of a priming dose of alcohol and drinking environment on snack food intake.
abstract: Alcohol consumption is a potential risk factor for being overweight. We aimed to investigate the effects of an alcohol priming dose and an alcohol-related environment on snacking behaviour. One hundred and fourteen social drinkers completed one of four experimental sessions either receiving a priming dose of alcohol (.6 g/kg) or soft drink in a bar-lab or a sterile lab. Participants provided ratings of appetite, snack urge, and alcohol urge before and after consuming their drinks. Participants completed an ad libitum snack taste test of savoury and sweet, healthy and unhealthy foods before completing the self-reports a final time. Appetite and snack urge increased more following alcohol consumption, and decreased to a lesser extent following the taste test relative to the soft drink. Total calories (including drink calories) consumed were significantly higher in the alcohol groups. There was a marginal effect of environment; those in the bar-lab consumed a higher proportion of unhealthy foods. These effects were more pronounced in those who were disinhibited. While alcohol may not increase food consumption per se, alcohol may acutely disrupt appetite signals, perhaps via processes of reward and inhibitory control, resulting in overall greater calorie intake. Individuals who are generally disinhibited may be more vulnerable to the effects of alcohol and drinking environments on eating behaviour.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Sciences, 2.32, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK. Electronic address: abirose@liverpool.ac.uk.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Sciences, 2.32, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hardman
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Sciences, 2.32, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Christiansen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages; D001066:Appetite / Q000187:drug effects*; D002253:Carbonated Beverages; D004032:Diet; D004326:Drinking; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects*; D004777:Environment; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D009753:Nutritive Value; D012147:Restaurants; D012201:Reward; D057566:Self Report; D062410:Snacks / Q000187:drug effects*; D013649:Taste; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Context; Disinhibition; Food consumption; Intoxication