title: Study on the biodegradation of alternatives (four species including C8H8F9KO3S) for perfluorooctane sulfonate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the biodegradation potential of four perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) alternatives that were developed at Changwon National University. While PFOS has been used widely in industrial and consumer products, it is known to be a persistent organic pollutant. Therefore, greener alternatives are highly desirable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biodegradation tests were run for 28 days using standard test protocols. The biochemical oxygen demand was measured daily throughout the experimental period, and the data were used to calculate the biodegradation rates. Microorganisms were isolated from the some of the tests that showed evidence of biodegradation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  C8H8F9KO3S, which has the same number of carbons as the parent compound PFOS but a reduced number of fluorines, showed the highest biodegradation rate followed by C10H8F13KO3S. Chemical alternatives with lower number of carbons did not biodegrade readily in the experiments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Together, these results suggest that it may be advantageous to develop PFOS alternatives with 8 carbons, the same as PFOS, but a reduced number of fluorines; as such, chemicals are more susceptible to biodegradation than the parent compound.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Safety Center, Korea Environmental Corporation, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Bong-In
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University College of Engineering, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Suk-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Na
authors.affiliation: Environmental Safety Center, Korea Environmental Corporation, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeong-Don
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.affiliation: Environmental Safety Center, Korea Environmental Corporation, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Byung-Taek
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University College of Engineering, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Seon-Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chung
keywords: Biodegradation; Green chemistry technology; Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid