title: Effect of Antibiotics and Antibiofilm Agents in the Ultrastructure and Development of Biofilms Developed by Nonpigmented Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria.
abstract: We analyze the effect of amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and clarithromycin, alone and associated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and Tween 80, at different times and concentrations in nonpigmented rapidly growing mycobacteria (NPRGM) biofilms. For this purpose, confocal laser scanning microscopy and image analysis were used to study the development and behavior of intrinsic autofluorescence, covered area, thickness, and cell viability in NPRGM biofilms after adding antibiotics alone and associated with antibiofilm agents. In this study, ciprofloxacin is the most active antibiotic against this type of biofilm and thickness is the most affected parameter. NAC and Tween 80 combined with antibiotics exert a synergistic effect in increasing the percentage of dead bacteria and also reducing the percentage of covered surface and thickness of NPRGM biofilms. Tween 80 seems to be an antibiofilm agent more effective than NAC due to its higher reduction in the percentage of cover surface and thickness. In conclusion, the results obtained in this work show that phenotypic parameters (thickness, percentage of covered surface, autofluorescence, percentage of live/dead bacteria) are affected by combining antibiotics and antibiofilm agents, ciprofloxacin and Tween 80 being the most active agents against NPRGM biofilms.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz , UAM, Madrid, Spain .
authors.forename: María-Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Egea
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz , UAM, Madrid, Spain .
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Pedrazuela
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Epidemiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz , UAM, Madrid, Spain .
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mahillo-Fernandez
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz , UAM, Madrid, Spain .
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Esteban
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000583:Amikacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000187:drug effects*; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D011136:Polysorbates; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D000583:Amikacin; D017291:Clarithromycin; D000111:Acetylcysteine