title: Stenting for chronic obstructive venous disease: A current comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this article was to summarize the efficacy and safety of venous stents in chronic obstructive venous disease (COVD) including postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) and nonthrombotic iliac vein lesions (NIVL).
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched PubMed for case series (prospective and retrospective) that focused on venous stents in the treatment of COVD published between 1st January, 2000 and 15th July, 2014. Then, we analyzed the perioperative complications, subsequent antithrombotic treatment, clinical outcomes, and long-term patency of this procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 1987 patients from 14 studies were included in our study. The incidence of the 30-day thrombotic events was 2.0% (4.0% in PTS vs. 0.8% in NIVL, p = 0.0002). The rates of access site complications and stent migration were 1.7% and 1.3%, respectively. The incidence of retroperitoneal bleeding and contrast extravasation was 1.8%. Back pain was more common with a rate of 62.9%. With stent placement, there was a significant pain and edema relief in COVD patients and the clinical-etiology-anatomy-pathophysiology scores declined. The rate of ulcer healing was 72.1% (70.3% in PTS vs. 86.9% in NIVL, p = 0.0022), and the ulcer recurrence rate was 8.7%. The primary, assisted primary, and secondary patency rates were 91.4%, 95.0%, and 97.8%, respectively, at 12 months and 77.1%, 92.3%, and 94.3%, respectively, at 36 months; however, the patency rates in PTS were lower than those in NIVL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stents may be a relatively effective and safe approach for PTS and NIVL patients because of the low incidence of perioperative complications and satisfying long-term patency. Some outcomes of stents in NIVL patients may be better than those in PTS patients.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wen-da
authors.affiliation: The Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: The Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China cyuexin2007@163.com.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yue-Xin
mesh_terms: D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007084:Iliac Vein / Q000503:physiopathology*; D054070:Postthrombotic Syndrome / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014647:Varicose Ulcer / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Stents; nonthrombotic iliac vein lesions; outcomes; postthrombotic syndrome; vascular patency