title: Full genome analysis of bovine astrovirus from fecal samples of cattle in Japan: identification of possible interspecies transmission of bovine astrovirus.
abstract: A viral metagenomics approach was used to investigate fecal samples of Japanese calves with and without diarrhea. Of the different viral pathogens detected, read counts gave nearly complete astrovirus-related RNA sequences in 15 of the 146 fecal samples collected in three distinct areas (Hokkaido, Ishikawa, and Kagoshima Prefectures) between 2009 and 2015. Due to the lack of genetic information about bovine astroviruses (BoAstVs) in Japan, these sequences were analyzed in this study. Nine of the 15 Japanese BoAstVs were closely related to Chinese BoAstVs and clustered into a lineage (tentatively named lineage 1) in all phylogenetic trees. Three of 15 strains were phylogenetically separate from lineage 1, showing low sequence identities, and clustered instead with an American strain isolated from cattle with respiratory disease (tentatively named lineage 2). Interestingly, two of 15 strains clustered with lineage 1 in the open reading frame (ORF)1a and ORF1b regions, while they clustered with lineage 2 in the ORF2 region. Remarkably, one of 15 strains exhibited low amino acid sequence similarity to other BoAstVs and was clustered separately with porcine astrovirus type 5 in all trees, and ovine astrovirus in the ORF2 region, suggesting past interspecies transmission.
authors.affiliation: Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan. m-nagai@cc.tuat.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5884-620X
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.affiliation: Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Omatsu
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
authors.forename: Konosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Otomaru
authors.affiliation: Kumage Agricultural Mutual Aid Associations, Noma nakatane, kumage-gun, Kagoshima, 891-3604, Japan.
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uto
authors.affiliation: Hokusatsu Agricultural Mutual Aid Associations, Todoro Satsuma, Satsuma-gun, Kagoshima, 895-1813, Japan.
authors.forename: Motoya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.affiliation: Ishikawa Hokubu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Otsu, Nanao, Ishikawa, 929-2126, Japan.
authors.forename: Fujiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Minami-Fukuda
authors.affiliation: Ishikawa Hokubu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Otsu, Nanao, Ishikawa, 929-2126, Japan.
authors.forename: Hikaru
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takai
authors.affiliation: Ishikawa Hokubu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Otsu, Nanao, Ishikawa, 929-2126, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Kurayoshi Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kiyotani, Kurayoshi, Tottori, 683-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuneyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.affiliation: Kurayoshi Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kiyotani, Kurayoshi, Tottori, 683-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamasato
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Mai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shiokawa
authors.affiliation: Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuchiaka
authors.affiliation: Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naoi
authors.affiliation: Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.affiliation: Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.affiliation: Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.affiliation: Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oba
authors.affiliation: Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furuya
authors.affiliation: Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Junsuke
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.affiliation: Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan. tmizutan@cc.tuat.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizutani
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019350:Astroviridae Infections / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D002417:Cattle / Q000145:classification / Q000821:virology*; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology*; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D016679:Genome, Viral; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D001257:Mamastrovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010802:Phylogeny