title: Structural Investigation of the Oligosaccharide Portion Isolated from the Lipooligosaccharide of the Permafrost Psychrophile Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4.
abstract: Psychrophilic microorganisms have successfully colonized all permanently cold environments from the deep sea to mountain and polar regions. The ability of an organism to survive and grow in cryoenviroments depends on a number of adaptive strategies aimed at maintaining vital cellular functions at subzero temperatures, which include the structural modifications of the membrane. To understand the role of the membrane in the adaptation, it is necessary to characterize the cell-wall components, such as the lipopolysaccharides, that represent the major constituent of the outer membrane. The aim of this study was to investigate the structure of the carbohydrate backbone of the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) isolated from the cold-adapted Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4. The strain, isolated from a 20,000-to-30,000-year-old continuously frozen permafrost in Siberia, was cultivated at 4 °C. The LOS was isolated from dry cells and analyzed by means of chemical methods. In particular, it was degraded either by mild acid hydrolysis or by hydrazinolysis and investigated in detail by (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy and by ESI FT-ICR mass spectrometry. The oligosaccharide was characterized by the substitution of the heptose residue, usually linked to Kdo in the inner core, with a glucose, and for the unusual presence of N-acetylmuramic acid.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, Napoli 80126, Italy. angela.casillo@unina.it.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casillo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, Napoli 80126, Italy. erparril@unina.it.
authors.forename: Ermenegilda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Parrilli
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, Napoli 80126, Italy. filomena.sannino2@unina.it.|Institute of Protein Biochemistry, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Napoli 80131, Italy. filomena.sannino2@unina.it.
authors.forename: Sannino
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Filomena
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 10, BorstelD-23845, Germany. blindner@fz-borstel.de.
authors.forename: Buko
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lindner
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, Napoli 80126, Italy. lanzetta@unina.it.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lanzetta
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, Napoli 80126, Italy. parrilli@unina.it.
authors.forename: Michelangelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parrilli
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, Napoli 80126, Italy. tutino@unina.it.
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tutino
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, Napoli 80126, Italy. corsaro@unina.it.
authors.forename: Maria Michela
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Corsaro
mesh_terms: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D065946:Permafrost / Q000382:microbiology*; D044096:Psychrobacter / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009844:Oligosaccharides; C023023:lipid-linked oligosaccharides
keywords: N-acetylmuramic acid; NMR spectroscopy; Psychrobacter arcticus strain 273-4; glycoconjugates; lipopolysaccharide; structural determination