title: Phytochemical analysis with the antioxidant and aldose reductase inhibitory capacities of Tephrosia humilis aerial parts' extracts.
abstract: The aerial parts of Tephrosia humilis were tested about their antioxidant potential, their ability to inhibit the aldose/aldehyde reductase enzymes and their phenolic content. The plant material was exhaustively extracted with petroleum ether, dichloromethane and methanol, consecutively. The concentrated methanol extract was re-extracted, successively, with diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. All extracts showed significant antioxidant capacity, but the most effective was the ethyl acetate extract. As about the aldose reductase inhibition, all fractions, except the aqueous, were strong inhibitors of the enzyme, with the n-butanolic and ethyl acetate fractions to inhibit the enzyme above 75%. These findings provide support to the ethnopharmacological usage of the plant as antioxidant and validate its potential to act against the long-term diabetic complications. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of 1,4-dihydroxy-3,4-(epoxyethano)-5-cyclohexene(1), cleroindicin E(2), lupeol(3), methyl p-coumarate(4), methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate(5), prunin(6), 5,7,2',5'-tetrahydroxyflavanone 7-rutinoside(7), protocatechuic acid(8), luteolin 7-glucoside(9), apigenin(10), naringin(11), rhoifolin(12) and luteolin 7-glucuronate(13).
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , 54124 Thessaloniki , Greece.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plioukas
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , 54124 Thessaloniki , Greece.
authors.forename: Chrysi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gabrieli
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , 54124 Thessaloniki , Greece.
authors.forename: Diamanto
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lazari
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , 54124 Thessaloniki , Greece.
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kokkalou
mesh_terms: D000449:Aldehyde Reductase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020834:Ethnopharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D005960:Glucosides / Q000032:analysis; D006027:Glycosides / Q000032:analysis; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D047311:Luteolin / Q000032:analysis; D010226:Parabens / Q000032:analysis; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D031304:Tephrosia / Q000737:chemistry*; D005947:Glucose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008358:Mannose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D047310:Apigenin
chemical_list: D000449:Aldehyde Reductase; D000975:Antioxidants; D004187:Disaccharides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D005960:Glucosides; D006027:Glycosides; D047311:Luteolin; D010226:Parabens; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; C066408:luteolin-7-glucoside; C576693:Akr1b1 protein, rat; C038193:4-hydroxybenzoic acid; C089378:rhoifolin; D005947:Glucose; D008358:Mannose; D047310:Apigenin
keywords: DPPH; Tephrosia; aldose reductase; antioxidant activity; lipoxygenase; luminol chemiluminescence