title: Effects of surrounding land use on metal accumulation in environments and submerged plants in subtropical ponds.
abstract: Ponds are widely used as stormwater treatment facilities to retain contaminants, including metals, and to improve water quality throughout the world. However, there is still a limited understanding of the effects of surrounding land use on metal accumulation in pond environments and organisms. To address this gap, we measured the concentrations of nine metals (i.e., Al, Ba, Ca, K, Li, Mg, Na, Se, and Sr) in water, sediments, and submerged plants collected from 37 ponds with different surrounding land uses in southwestern China and assessed the metal accumulation capacity of four dominant submerged plant species. Our results showed that Al, Ca, and K concentrations in the water were above drinking water standards. In the sediments, the average concentrations of Ca and Sr were higher than the corresponding soil background values. Ceratophyllum demersum L. could accumulate more K in aboveground biomass than Myriophyllum spicatum L. and Potamogeton maackianus A. Benn. The K concentration in submerged plants was positively influenced by the corresponding metal concentration in the water and negatively influenced by water temperature. Among the nine studied metals, only the water K concentration in ponds receiving agricultural runoff was significantly higher than that for ponds receiving urban and forested runoff. This result suggests that surrounding land use types have no significant effect on metal accumulation in sediments and submerged plants in the studied ponds. A large percentage of the metals in these ponds may be derived from natural sources such as the weathering of rocks.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lumo Road No. 1, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hongmei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lumo Road No. 1, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guihua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lumo Road No. 1, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhixiu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lumo Road No. 1, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China. liuwz@wbgcas.cn.
authors.forename: Wenzhi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000378:metabolism*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D061005:Ponds / Q000737:chemistry*; D031821:Potamogetonaceae / Q000378:metabolism; D014329:Tropical Climate; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Aquatic plants; Bioaccumulation; Heavy metals; Light metals; Sediments