title: Effect of body mass and midsole hardness on kinetic and perceptual variables during basketball landing manoeuvres.
abstract: This study investigated the effects of body mass and shoe midsole hardness on kinetic and perceptual variables during the performance of three basketball movements: (1) the first and landing steps of layup, (2) shot-blocking landing and (3) drop landing. Thirty male basketball players, assigned into "heavy" (n = 15, mass 82.7 ± 4.3 kg) or "light" (n = 15, mass 63.1 ± 2.8 kg) groups, performed five trials of each movement in three identical shoes of varying midsole hardness (soft, medium, hard). Vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) during landing was sampled using multiple wooden-top force plates. Perceptual responses on five variables (forefoot cushioning, rearfoot cushioning, forefoot stability, rearfoot stability and overall comfort) were rated after each movement condition using a 150-mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). A mixed factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) (Body Mass × Shoe) was applied to all kinetic and perceptual variables. During the first step of the layup, the loading rate associated with rearfoot contact was 40.7% higher in the "heavy" than "light" groups (P = .014) and 12.4% higher in hard compared with soft shoes (P = .011). Forefoot peak VGRF in a soft shoe was higher (P = .011) than in a hard shoe during shot-block landing. Both "heavy" and "light" groups preferred softer to harder shoes. Overall, body mass had little effect on kinetic or perceptual variables.
authors.affiliation: a Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group , National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore.
authors.forename: Darren Z
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Nin
authors.affiliation: b Li Ning Sports Science Research Center , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Wing K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: a Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group , National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore.
authors.forename: Pui W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Kong
mesh_terms: D001490:Basketball / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004867:Equipment Design; D005528:Foot / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology; D010465:Perception; D012775:Shoes; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Footwear; ground reaction force; layup; loading rate; midsole density; shot-blocking