title: [Clinical application of perforator propeller flaps with anastomosis of superficial veins].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the clinical effect of anastomosis of superficial veins for improving the drainage of perforator propeller flaps.
  
  
  METHODS
  From Sept. 2011 to Dec. 2012, 11 cases with soft tissue defects and chronic ulcer wound at extremities were treated with adjacent perforator propeller flaps, which were pedicled by the peroneal artery(5 cases), or the lateral supramalleolar artery(3 cases), or the ulnar artery (2 cases), or the posterior interrosseous artery (1 case). The wound size ranged from from 3.0 cm x 2. 5 cm to 11. 0 cm x 4. 0 cm, and the falps size ranged from 6 cm x 3 cm to 21 em x 5 cm. One superficial vein in all the flaps was anastomosed with superficial vein in the recipient area. The blood supply of the flaps were recorded after operation 1 - 3 months after operation, the fluency of anastomosed vein was detected by color Doppler ultrasound. Flap swelling evaluations were performed in early 3 months and later 3 - 6 months, and the results were classified into 4 grading degrees. 6 months later, Questionnaire of the flap aesthetic satisfactory was performed for seven patients during follow-up period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  9 flaps survived completely, two flaps had partial marginal skin necrosis in the distal end, which were both managed with surgical debridement, and both wounds healed in two months. 9 cases were followed up for more than 12 - 19 months. The early rsults of flap swelling evaluations were: I degree 0 case, II degree 8 cases, III degree 3 cases, IV degree 0 case, and the later results were: I degree 7 cases, II degree 4 cases, III degree 0 case, IV degree 0 case. The flaps had ideal appearance, good contour, and high aesthetic satisfactory (100%). The mean flap survival area rate of veins anastomosed was (98. 6 ± 9. 7) %.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perforator propeller flaps with anastomosis of superficial veins can improve the flap venous drainage, avoid transient venous venous congestion, so as to increase the flap survival. It is an effective way for improving the vein drainage.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhenbing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiaobin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cong
authors.forename: Fangxing
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ai
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Guangxiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D003646:Debridement; D005121:Extremities / Q000098:blood supply; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007871:Leg Ulcer / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D061525:Perforator Flap / Q000637:transplantation*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D016909:Tibial Arteries; D017535:Ulnar Artery; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D014680:Veins / Q000601:surgery