title: Exploring the relation between childhood trauma, temperamental traits and mindfulness in borderline personality disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Deficits in mindfulness-related capacities have been described in borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, little research has been conducted to explore which factors could explain these deficits. This study assesses the relationship between temperamental traits and childhood maltreatment with mindfulness in BPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 100 individuals diagnosed with BPD participated in the study. Childhood maltreatment was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF), temperamental traits were assessed using the Zuckerman-Khulman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ), and mindfulness capabilities were evaluated with the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hierarchical regression analyses were performed including only those CTQ-SF and ZKPQ subscales that showed simultaneous significant correlations with mindfulness facets. Results indicated that neuroticism and sexual abuse were predictors of acting with awareness; and neuroticism, impulsiveness and sexual abuse were significant predictors of non-judging. Temperamental traits did not have a moderator effect on the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and mindfulness facets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide preliminary evidence for the effects of temperamental traits and childhood trauma on mindfulness capabilities in BPD individuals. Further studies are needed to better clarify the impact of childhood traumatic experiences on mindfulness capabilities and to determine the causal relations between these variables.
authors.affiliation: Servei de Psiquiatria, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain. melices@santpau.cat.|Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica - Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain. melices@santpau.cat.|Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. melices@santpau.cat.|Programa de Cognición. Instituto de Fundamentos y Métodos en Psicología. Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay. melices@santpau.cat.
authors.forename: Matilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elices
authors.affiliation: Servei de Psiquiatria, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain. jpascual@santpau.cat.|Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica - Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain. jpascual@santpau.cat.|Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. jpascual@santpau.cat.
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pascual
authors.affiliation: Servei de Psiquiatria, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain. ccarmonaf@santpau.cat.|Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. ccarmonaf@santpau.cat.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carmona
authors.affiliation: Servei de Psiquiatria, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain. amartinbl@santpau.cat.|Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica - Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain. amartinbl@santpau.cat.|Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. amartinbl@santpau.cat.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martín-Blanco
authors.affiliation: Servei de Psiquiatria, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain. afelius@santpau.cat.|Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica - Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain. afelius@santpau.cat.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Feliu-Soler
authors.affiliation: Servei de Psiquiatria, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain. eruizpino@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Elisabet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. montserrat.goma@uab.cat.
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gomà-I-Freixanet
authors.affiliation: Servei de Psiquiatria, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain. vperez@santpau.cat.|Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica - Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain. vperez@santpau.cat.|Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. vperez@santpau.cat.
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: Servei de Psiquiatria, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain. jsolerri@santpau.cat.|Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica - Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain. jsolerri@santpau.cat.|Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. jsolerri@santpau.cat.
authors.forename: Joaquim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology* / Q000639:trends; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D064866:Mindfulness / Q000639:trends; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013694:Temperament; D055815:Young Adult