title: Current technologies in the extraction, enrichment and analytical detection of tocopherols and tocotrienols: A review.
abstract: During the past few years the scientific and medical community has been confronted with a continual interest in vitamin E with the interest prompted by new discoveries. Tocopherols and tocotrienols, commonly known as vitamin E, are extremely invaluable compounds and have various nutritional functionalities and benefits to human health. Great deals of research projects have been launched in order to develop effective methods for the extraction of vitamin E. By and large, three distinct extractive methods are usually employed: supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), molecular distillation, and adsorption methods. These methods are sensitive to different experimental conditions, such as pressure, temperature, and flow rate with noticeable effects on the efficiency of the extraction and enrichment of vitamin E. This review has covered the most commonly adapted extraction methods and has probed into the extraction yields under variable operational parameters.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohamad Rasool
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Malekbala
authors.affiliation: b Division of Energy and Sustainability , Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, University Park , Nottingham , UK.
authors.forename: Salman Masoudi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Soltani
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Soraya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Farahnaz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eghbali Babadi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rahele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malekbala
mesh_terms: D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D005524:Food Technology / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D013696:Temperature; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D024508:Tocotrienols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D024508:Tocotrienols; D024505:Tocopherols
keywords: Vitamin E; extraction methods; tocopherols; tocotrienols