title: Reducing Aβ load and tau phosphorylation: Emerging perspective for treating Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, progressive neurological disorder affecting elderly population of above 65 years of age, characterized by failure of memory, loss of acquired skills leading to apraxia, agnosia, aphasia and frequent disturbances in emotion with interpersonal and social deterioration. The extracellular senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of amyloid beta protein and highly phosphorylated tau protein, the key components involved in pathogenesis of AD are considered as the pathological hallmark of this disease. This has led to immense development in the field of treatment for AD. Recent evidences suggest that removal of protein deposits from AD brains are the newer attempts for treating AD. The major developments in this direction are the amyloid and tau based therapeutics, which could hold the key to treatment of AD in the near future. Several putative drugs have been thoroughly investigated in preclinical studies, but many of them have failed to produce results in the clinical scenario. Therefore, failures from the past can be treated as lessons for the development of efficacious drugs. In addition to this, various non- pharmacological interventions and miscellaneous drugs are also being used now for combating the AD like disease progression. Thus, present review discusses about the disease modifying therapies together with the various non-pharmacological interventions and miscellaneous drugs for treating AD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, U.P., India; Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharamacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India. Electronic address: kalrajaspreet03@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jaspreet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kalra
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharamacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Aamir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D055808:Drug Discovery; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D009043:Motor Activity; D010766:Phosphorylation; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D066329:Protein Aggregates; D066263:Protein Aggregation, Pathological; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents; C054369:MAPT protein, human; D028321:Plant Preparations; D066329:Protein Aggregates; D016875:tau Proteins
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Amyloid beta; Herbal supplements; Miscellaneous therapies; Physical work and exercise; Tau phosphorylation