title: Prevalence of neuropathy in type 2 diabetic patients and its association with other diabetes complications: The Verona Diabetic Foot Screening Program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Somatic neuropathy is a chronic complication of diabetes. The purpose of our study was to determine prevalence and clinical variables associated with somatic neuropathy applying a simple screening method.
  
  
  METHODS
  All outpatients with type 2 diabetes attending our diabetic clinic were offered to participate into a diabetic foot screening program, in the period January 2004-December 2012. A total of 3,591 diabetic patients (55.5% men, age 68±10years) underwent detection of somatic neuropathy using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument in its parts of symptoms (administering a questionnaire) and clinical assessment slightly modified (evaluating foot inspection, vibration sensation by biothesiometer, ankle reflexes).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of somatic neuropathy was 2.2% in men and 5.5% in women (p<0.001) when assessed by symptom questionnaire, whereas it was 30.5% in men and 30.8% (p=NS) in women when identified by clinical assessment. In subjects with somatic neuropathy macro- and microvascular complications of diabetes were significantly more common. In multivariate logistic regression analyses BMI, HbA1c and ankle/brachial index independently predicted the presence of neuropathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of somatic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes is nearly 30% when searched with clinical examination. Poor metabolic control, excess body weight and peripheral arteriopathy are independent markers of somatic neuropathy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy. Electronic address: laura.salvotelli@univr.it.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salvotelli
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stoico
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabrizia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Perrone
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cacciatori
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Negri
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Corinna
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brangani
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pichiri
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Targher
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Enzo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonora
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zoppini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000150:complications; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000517:prevention & control; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000150:complications; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: BMI; Complications; HbA1c; Somatic neuropathy; Type 2 diabetes mellitus