title: Autonomic Dysregulation in Multiple Sclerosis.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive central neurological disease characterized by inflammation and demyelination. In patients with MS, dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system may present with various clinical symptoms including sweating abnormalities, urinary dysfunction, orthostatic dysregulation, gastrointestinal symptoms, and sexual dysfunction. These autonomic disturbances reduce the quality of life of affected patients and constitute a clinical challenge to the physician due to variability of clinical presentation and inconsistent data on diagnosis and treatment. Early diagnosis and initiation of individualized interdisciplinary and multimodal strategies is beneficial in the management of autonomic dysfunction in MS. This review summarizes the current literature on the most prevalent aspects of autonomic dysfunction in MS and provides reference to underlying pathophysiological mechanisms as well as means of diagnosis and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary. pinter.alexandra@med.semmelweis-univ.hu.|Center for Clinical Research and Management Education, Division of Health Care Sciences, Dresden International University, Dresden 01067, Germany. pinter.alexandra@med.semmelweis-univ.hu.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pintér
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary. Cseh.Domonkos@med.semmelweis-univ.hu.
authors.forename: Domonkos
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cseh
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary. Sarkozi.Adrienn@med.semmelweis-univ.hu.
authors.forename: Adrienn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sárközi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. illigens@bidmc.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Ben M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Illigens
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Research and Management Education, Division of Health Care Sciences, Dresden International University, Dresden 01067, Germany. timo.siepmann@uniklinikum-dresden.de.|Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany. timo.siepmann@uniklinikum-dresden.de.|Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany. timo.siepmann@uniklinikum-dresden.de.
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Siepmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000150:complications
keywords: autonomic; bladder; dysfunction; gastrointestinal; multiple sclerosis; orthostatic dysregulation