title: Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever.
abstract: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a member of the Bunyaviridae family and Nairovirus genus. The viral genome consists of 3 RNA segments of 12 kb (L), 6.8 kb (M), and 3 kb (S). Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is the most widespread tickborne viral infection worldwide: it has been reported in many regions of Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. The geographical distribution of CCHFV corresponds most closely with the distribution of members of the tick genera, and Hyalomma ticks are the principal source of human infection. In contrast to human infection, CCHFV infection is asymptomatic in all species. Treatment options for CCHF are limited; immunotherapy and ribavirin are effective in the treatment of CCHF; the efficacy of ribavirin in the treatment of CCHF has not yet been proven. This article reviews the history, epidemiology, clinical symptoms, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of CCHFV, as well as the development of a vaccine against it.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran sarashayaan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shayan
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bokaean
authors.affiliation: Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Laboratory (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran.
authors.forename: Mona Ranjvar
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Shahrivar
authors.affiliation: Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Laboratory (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran.
authors.forename: Sadegh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chinikar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003225:Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006479:Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny
keywords: Arbovirus; Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV); epidemiology; pathogenesis and treatment of CCHF; tickborne viruse; zoonotic disease