title: Portable x-ray fluorescence for assessing trace elements in rice and rice products: Comparison with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.
abstract: Portable x-ray fluorescence (XRF) was investigated as a means of assessing trace elements in rice and rice products. Using five measurement trials of 180 s real time, portable XRF was first used to detect arsenic (As), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in a variety of rice samples. The same samples were then microwave-digested and used to determine elemental concentrations using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The concentrations of As, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn determined by ICP-MS were found to be consistent with other recent studies involving various types of rice and rice products. When assessing for As, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn, comparison of results between XRF amplitude and ICP-MS concentration (wet weight) demonstrated a linear relationship with a significant correlation. A significant correlation between XRF amplitude and ICP-MS concentration was not found when assessing for Ni.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada. Electronic address: dfleming@mta.ca.
authors.forename: David E B
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada.
authors.forename: Kelly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Foran
authors.affiliation: Health and Environments Research Centre Laboratory, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
authors.forename: Jong Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Health and Environments Research Centre Laboratory, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
authors.forename: Judy R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Guernsey
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis*; D008904:Miniaturization; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D008670:Metals
keywords: Arsenic; Copper; Iron; Manganese; Nickel; Portable x-ray fluorescence; Rice; Rice products; Zinc