title: Hepatopulmonary Fistula: a life threatening complication of hydatid disease.
abstract: Despite extensive infection control measures against parasitic diseases, hydatid disease, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, still occurs in a minor group of our population. If the infection is not treated adequately, it goes on to developing life-threatening complications, one of which is hepatopulmonary fistula. These complications usually warrant early surgical intervention, or else may lead to extensive sepsis and ultimately death. We discuss the case of an elderly female suffering from pulmonary hydatid disease, further complicated by a hepatopulmonary fistula and underwent surgical treatment. This case emphasises the importance of early recognition of pulmonary hydatid disease given its atypical nature of presentation before the disease is further exacerbated by this aggressive complication. Furthermore, it is imperative to incorporate radical surgery as the first-line treatment in established hepatopulmonary fistula, in order to prevent further clinical deterioration and curative outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University College London Hospitals (UCLH), 16-18 Westmoreland Street, London, W1G 8PH, UK. m.amiraligh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohamed Amirali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gulamhussein
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University College London Hospitals (UCLH), 16-18 Westmoreland Street, London, W1G 8PH, UK. davide.patrini@uclh.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Patrini
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University College London Hospitals (UCLH), 16-18 Westmoreland Street, London, W1G 8PH, UK. jonathan.pararajasingham@uclh.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pararajasingham
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University College London Hospitals (UCLH), 16-18 Westmoreland Street, London, W1G 8PH, UK. benjamin.adams@uclh.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University College London Hospitals (UCLH), 16-18 Westmoreland Street, London, W1G 8PH, UK. rajeev.shukla@uclh.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Rajeev
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine, University of Patras, Rio Achaia, Patras, 26504, Greece. dimitrisvelissaris@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Velissaris
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University College London Hospitals (UCLH), 16-18 Westmoreland Street, London, W1G 8PH, UK. david.lawrence@uclh.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University College London Hospitals (UCLH), 16-18 Westmoreland Street, London, W1G 8PH, UK. nikolaos.panagiotopoulos@nhs.net.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Panagiotopoulos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004445:Echinococcosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005402:Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed