title: Low- and high-density lipoprotein subclasses in subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk. Although dyslipidemia represents a key factor in this disease, its impact on serum levels of distinct lipoprotein subfractions is largely unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the full low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) profiles in patients with NAFLD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven LDL and 10 HDL subfractions were assessed by gel electrophoresis (Lipoprint, Quantimetrix Corporation, USA) in men with biopsy proven NAFLD (simple steatosis [n = 17, age, 34 ± 7 years] and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH; n = 24, age, 32 ± 6 years]). Exclusion criteria included robust alcohol consumption, infection with hepatitis B or C virus, body mass index ≥ 40 kg/m(2), diabetes mellitus, and hypertension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with simple steatosis, NASH patients had similar body mass index, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index and plasma lipids, with increased levels of both aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase. NASH subjects had lower levels of larger LDL1 (10 ± 4 vs 13 ± 4%, P = .010) and increased smaller LDL3 and LDL4 particles (9 ± 5 vs 5 ± 5%, P = .017 and 3 ± 3 vs 1 ± 2%, P = .012, respectively). No changes were found in the HDL subclass profile. By multiple regression analysis, we found that NASH was associated only with increased levels of LDL3 (P = .0470).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased levels of small, dense LDL3 and LDL4 in NASH may help to at least partly explain the increased risk for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sonmez
authors.affiliation: BioMedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Dragana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nikolic
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Teoman
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dogru
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cemal Nuri
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Ercin
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Halil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Genc
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Ankara Guven Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cesur
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tapan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yildirim
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Karslioğlu
authors.affiliation: BioMedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Montalto
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banach
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Cardiology, CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL, USA; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Illinois, School of Medicine, Peoria, IL, USA; Ciccarone Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: peter.toth@cghmc.com.
authors.forename: Peter P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Toth
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sait
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bagci
authors.affiliation: BioMedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Italy; Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Italy.
authors.forename: Manfredi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rizzo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase
keywords: Lipids; Lipoproteins; Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; Simple steatosis