title: Probable RBD and association with neurodegenerative disease markers: A population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and its association with markers of neurodegeneration in the general population are poorly defined.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed the prevalence of probable RBD defined by two validated questionnaires, the RBD Screening Questionnaire (RBDSQ) and the Innsbruck RBD-Inventory (RBD-I), and studied its associations with clinical and imaging markers for neurodegeneration in the Bruneck Study cohort aged 60 y or older.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 456 participants without Parkinson's disease, 4.6% (RBDSQ; 95%CI, 3.0%-7.0%) and 7.7% (RBD-I; 95%CI, 5.6%-10.5%) had probable RBD. Probable RBD diagnosed with either of the questionnaires was associated with hyposmia (trend; P < 0.1), anxiety (P < 0.05), depression (P < 0.05), antidepressant use (P < 0.05), and self-reported non-motor symptoms (P < 0.01), specifically, dribbling saliva, memory problems, apathy, concentration problems, and anxiety.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings may provide a basis for future studies intending to identify cohorts at risk for Lewy body diseases through screening of the general elderly population for RBD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.|Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mahlknecht
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seppi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Frauscher
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kiechl
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Willeit
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stockner
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.|Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, University of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Atbin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Djamshidian
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nocker
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rastner
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Defrancesco
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital of Bruneck, Italy.
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rungger
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital of Bruneck, Italy.
authors.forename: Arno
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gasperi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Poewe
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Högl
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D020187:REM Sleep Behavior Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Lewy body disease; Parkinson's disease; non-motor symptom; probable REM-sleep behavior disorder; risk marker