title: Synergistic effect of BMP9 and TGF-β in the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts.
abstract: We investigated the synergistic effect of bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-b in the transformation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts. We evaluated the effect of BMP9 and TGF-b on the induction of osteoblast formation. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway-related proteins such as p38, extracellular receptor kinase 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were analyzed. The interactions between TGF-Smad and BMP-MAPK were also studied. BMP9 alone induced the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into osteoblasts and enhanced phosphorylation of p38, extracellular receptor kinase 1/2, and JNK. TGF-b alone failed to induce transformation, but could increase the effect of BMP9. In this process the activation of Smad resulted in activation of the JNK pathway in the MAPK pathway. BMP9 induced osteogenesis of MSC differentiation through the MAKP pathway, while TGF-b contributed to BMP9 enhancement through the Smad-JNK pathway.
authors.affiliation: The Cadre Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: X L
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Y B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urinary Surgery, Harbin First Hospital, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: W X
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: The Professional Judicial Police College of Heilongjiang, Health Clinic, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Cadre Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China lixinglu3@126.com.
authors.forename: Y N
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D055427:Growth Differentiation Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D055427:Growth Differentiation Factor 2; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053495:Osteopontin; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase