title: Effects of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy on behavior deficits and functions in sepsis model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aim to demonstrate behavioral alterations in a sepsis model using intravenous (IV) immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulins enriched with IgA and IgM (IgGAM).
  
  
  METHODS
  We divided 48 Wistar albino rats into five groups: control group, sham-operated group (only antibiotic treatment), cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group (CLP plus antibiotic treatment), IgG group (250 mg/kg IV IgG) and IgGAM group (250 mg/kg IV IgGAM). Intravenous immunoglobulins were given 5 min after the CLP procedure. Experimental animals put into three behavioral tasks 10, 30 and 60 days after the surgery; to evaluate the locomotor activity, an open field test was performed, elevated plus maze test was used to measure anxiety levels, and depressive state was assessed by forced swimming test. The effects of therapy which were acquired from the results of these tests were used to estimate the behavioral changes after CLP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mortality rate of 50% in the septic rats decreased to 30 and 20% with the administration of IgG and IgGAM, respectively. Significant changes on locomotor activity and depressive-like behavior were reported in the sepsis group; on the other hand, the treatment with immunoglobulins reduced the symptoms. Treatment with immunoglobulins attenuated the sepsis-related anxiogenic-like responses. Behavioral alterations returned to normal on day 60 in all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sepsis caused deterioration on behavioral parameters. Immunoglobulin treatments alleviated the symptoms of functional disturbances and caused early reversal of behavioral deficits in septic animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa-Fatih, 34039, Istanbul, Turkey, pergin@istanbul.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Perihan Ergin
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Ozcan
authors.forename: Evren
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Senturk
authors.forename: Gunseli
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orhun
authors.forename: Salih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gumru
authors.forename: Nadir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arican
authors.forename: Nurcan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Orhan
authors.forename: Canan Ugur
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Yılmaz
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.forename: Feyza
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aricioglu
authors.forename: Figen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Esen