title: Effects of Patient Preinjury and Injury Characteristics on Acute Rehabilitation Outcomes for Traumatic Brain Injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine associations of patient and injury characteristics with outcomes at inpatient rehabilitation discharge and 9 months postdischarge for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, longitudinal observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inpatient rehabilitation centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients (N=2130) enrolled between 2008 and 2011, admitted for inpatient rehabilitation after index TBI, and divided into 5 subgroups based on rehabilitation admission FIM cognitive score.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rehabilitation length of stay, discharge to home, and FIM at discharge and 9 months postdischarge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Severity indices increased explained variation in outcomes beyond that accounted for by patient characteristics. FIM motor scores were generally the most predictable. Higher functioning subgroups had more predictable outcomes then subgroups with lower cognitive function at admission. Age at injury, time from injury to rehabilitation admission, and functional independence at rehabilitation admission were the most consistent predictors across all outcomes and subgroups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings from previous studies of the relations among patient and injury characteristics and rehabilitation outcomes were largely replicated. Discharge outcomes were most strongly associated with injury severity characteristics, whereas predictors of functional independence at 9 months postdischarge included both patient and injury characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. Electronic address: corrigan.1@osu.edu.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Corrigan
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Outcomes Research, International Severity Information Systems, Salt Lake City, UT.
authors.forename: Susan D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Outcomes Research, International Severity Information Systems, Salt Lake City, UT.
authors.forename: Ryan S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Outcomes Research, International Severity Information Systems, Salt Lake City, UT.
authors.forename: Randall J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Smout
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bogner
authors.affiliation: Carolinas Rehabilitation, Charlotte, NC; Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.
authors.forename: Flora M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.affiliation: Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA.
authors.forename: Murray E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Brandstater
authors.affiliation: Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Majercik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000145:classification* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D055317:Evidence-Based Practice; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D007902:Length of Stay; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
keywords: Brain injuries; Craniocerebral trauma; Outcome assessment (health care); Rehabilitation