title: Predictors and effects of patellofemoral pain following hamstring-tendon ACL reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patellofemoral pain is a frequent and troublesome complication following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), irrespective of graft source. Yet, little is known about the factors associated with patellofemoral pain following hamstring-tendon ACLR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of potential patellofemoral pain predictors, and cross-sectional analysis of possible patellofemoral pain consequences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Potential predictors (pre-injury patellofemoral pain and activity level, concomitant patellofemoral cartilage damage and meniscectomy, age, sex, and surgical delay) and consequences (hopping performance, quality of life, kinesiophobia, and return to sport rates and attitudes) of patellofemoral pain 12 months following hamstring-tendon ACLR were assessed in 110 participants using univariate and multivariate analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-three participants (30%) had patellofemoral pain at 12 months post-ACLR. Older age at the time of ACLR was the only predictor of post-operative patellofemoral pain. Following ACLR, those with patellofemoral pain had a higher body mass index, and worse physical performance, quality of life, kinesiophobia and return to sport attitudes. Patellofemoral pain has a significant burden on individuals 12 months following hamstring-tendon ACLR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinicians need to be cognisant of patellofemoral pain, particularly in older individuals and those with a higher body mass index. The importance of considering psychological factors that are not typically addressed during ACLR rehabilitation, such as kinesiophobia, quality of life and return to sport attitudes is emphasised.
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Australia; La Trobe University, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, Australia.
authors.forename: Adam G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Culvenor
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Australia.
authors.forename: Natalie J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Australia.
authors.forename: Bill
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vicenzino
authors.affiliation: Monash University, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary Health Care, Australia.
authors.forename: Jill L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.affiliation: Epworth Healthcare, Australia.
authors.forename: Timothy S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Whitehead
authors.affiliation: The University of Melbourne, Department of Physiotherapy, Melbourne School of Health Sciences, Australia.
authors.forename: Hayden G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Australia; La Trobe University, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, Australia. Electronic address: k.crossley@latrobe.edu.au.
authors.forename: Kay M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Crossley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D000070632:Hamstring Tendons / Q000637:transplantation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057071:Patellofemoral Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D046788:Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anterior knee pain; Kinesiophobia; Quality of life; Rehabilitation; Return to sport