title: The therapeutic effect of death: Newcastle disease virus and its antitumor potential.
abstract: Programmed cell death is essential to survival of multicellular organisms. Previously restricted to apoptosis, the concept of programmed cell death is now extended to other mechanisms, as programmed necrosis or necroptosis, autophagic cell death, pyroptosis and parthanatos, among others. Viruses have evolved to manipulate and take control over the programmed cell death response, and the infected cell attempts to neutralize viral infections displaying different stress signals and defensive pathways before taking the critical decision of self-destruction. Learning from viruses and their interplay with the host may help us to better understand the complexity of the self-defense death response that when altered might cause disorders as important as cancer. In addition, as the fields of immunotherapy and oncolytic viruses advance as promising novel cancer therapies, the programmed cell death response reemerges as a key point for the success of both therapeutic approaches. In this review we summarize the research of the multimodal cell death response induced by Newcastle disease viruses (NDV), considered nowadays a promising viral oncolytic therapeutic, and how the manipulation of the host programmed cell death response can enhance the NDV antitumor capacity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: Sara.cuadrado@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cuadrado-Castano
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Maria T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Aparicio
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Adolfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Sastre
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Villar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001343:Autophagy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D050130:Oncolytic Virotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D050504:Oncolytic Viruses / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Apoptosis; Autophagy; Necroptosis; Newcastle disease virus; Oncolytic virus; Programmed cell death; Recombinant virus; Tumor therapy