title: Does adding mobilization to stretching improve outcomes for people with frozen shoulder? A randomized controlled clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effectiveness of joint mobilization combined with stretching exercises in patients with frozen shoulder.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized controlled clinical pilot trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients with frozen shoulder.
  
  
  METHODS
  All participants were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: joint mobilization and stretching versus stretching exercises alone. Both groups performed a home exercise program and were treated for six weeks (18 sessions).
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome measures for functional assessment were the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score and the Constant score. The secondary outcome measures were pain level, as evaluated with a visual analog scale, and range of motion, as measured using a conventional goniometer. Patients were assessed before treatment, at the end of the treatment, and after one year as follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two-by-two repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni corrections revealed significant increases in abduction (91.9° [CI: 86.1-96.7] to 172.8° [CI: 169.7-175.5]), external rotation (28.1° [CI: 22.2-34.2] to 77.7° [CI: 70.3-83.0]) and Constant score (39.1 [CI: 35.3-42.6] to 80.5 [75.3-86.6]) at the one-year follow-up in the joint mobilization combined with stretching exercise group, whereas the group performing stretching exercise alone did not show such changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the treatment of patients with frozen shoulder, joint mobilization combined with stretching exercises is better than stretching exercise alone in terms of external rotation, abduction range of motion and function score.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Derya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Çelik
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey fztebrukaya@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaya Mutlu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002062:Bursitis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006699:Home Care Services; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D052580:Muscle Stretching Exercises; D026201:Musculoskeletal Manipulations; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D020127:Recovery of Function; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Adhesive capsulitis; exercise; manual therapy; shoulder function; shoulder pain