title: Factors contributing to cognitive deficits in elderly residents of rural areas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Due to the growing aging of societies an increasingly large group of people suffers from age-related impairment of cognitive functions and thus reducing the quality of life of the elderly. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of cognitive functions in a group of aging residents of rural areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  The inhabitants of a rural area were recruited and assessed: cognitive function as well as intellectual and physical activity, number of years of education, presence of diseases, using stimulants, diet, sources of living, marital status and family situation Subjects were divided into two groups: persons above 65 and older, constituting the studied group and persons between 40 and 64 years of age, constituting the control group. Both groups did not significantly differ in terms of sex or years of education.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in the results of the tests concerning such functions as the sight recognition memory and spatial recognition memory, spatial operating memory both on the strategy level and on the level of committed errors. An analysis of the results obtained in the group of elderly people did not indicate any major differences between men and women as regards the analyzed cognitive functions, no statistically significant differences were found in cognitive testing depending on the number of years of education. The studied persons included in the physically active group scored better in the visual memory and learning tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The conducted studies elucidated the dependence of the level of cognitive functions on age, a positive impact of physical activity on some cognitive functions, however we could not find differences between the efficiency of those functions and education, sex, presence of somatic diseases and activity of persons aged > 65.
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. lojko@ump.edu.pl.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Łojko
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wegner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Czajkowska
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jaracz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Górna
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pniewska
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Baron
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liczbińska
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: GołĘbiewska
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wieczorowska-Tobis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suwalska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012424:Rural Population; D057566:Self Report / Q000592:standards