title: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection-Related Heart Disease.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and antiretroviral medications are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In the pre-antiretroviral therapy (ART) era, HIV-infected patients had increased morbidity and mortality from opportunistic infections; in the post-ART era, these patients are at increased risk of chronic diseases such as acute coronary syndrome, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathy. They may present with vague symptoms such as weakness, dyspnea, or fatigue as the initial presentation of their cardiovascular disease. An overview of the clinical presentation, workup, management, and treatment of different cardiovascular disease is provided in this article.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 South Paca Street, Sixth Floor, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. Electronic address: tpham@umem.org.
authors.forename: Thuy Van
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 South Paca Street, Sixth Floor, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torres
mesh_terms: D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: AIDS; Acute coronary syndrome (ACS); Anti-retroviral therapy (ART); Atrial fibrillation; Cardiomyopathy; Coronary artery disease (CAD); HIV; Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART); Myocarditis; Pericardial effusion; Prolonged QT syndrome; Valvular disease