title: Targeting Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase by Metformin Adjusts Post-Ischemic Hyperemia and Extracellular Neuronal Discharge in Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  I/R and its subsequent reactive hyperemia results in different adverse effects such as brain edema and BBB disruption. AMPK activation has been perceived as one of the target factors for I/R treatment. We investigated the effect of Met (an AMPK activator) on some physiological parameters including vascular responses, hyperemia, BBB disruption, and electrophysiological activity following tGCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were pretreated with Met for two weeks and CC was administered half an hour before tGCI. Brain vascular responses, hyperemia, BBB disruption, and electrophysiological activity were evaluated following the ischemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Met attenuated BBB disruption and reactive hyperemia in tGCI rats compared with the untreated I/R rats (p < 0.001). Met administration along with CC in the ischemic rats reversed the beneficial effects of Met on BBB disruption and reactive hyperemia (p < 0.001). Electrophysiological records indicated that Met increased spike rates in the ischemic rats comparing with I/R rats (p < 0.001), whereas, CC administration blocked the beneficial effects of Met on the neuronal discharges (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We established a regulatory role for AMPK in vascular and electrophysiological responses to tGCI. Studies are ongoing to determine if activation of AMPK in the reperfusion period would offer similar protection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.|Ahvaz Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Yaghoob
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Farbood
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.|Ahvaz Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarkaki
authors.affiliation: Medical School, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Khalaj
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Center, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.|Neurobiology Research Center, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fariba
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khodagholi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.|Ahvaz Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Badavi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.|Ahvaz Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ghorbangol
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ashabi
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D008687:Metformin; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; blood-brain barrier permeability; cerebral blood flow; global cerebral ischemia; metformin; single-unit recording