title: Betel quid oral lichenoid lesions: a hospital based cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk indicators of betel quid oral lichenoid lesions in chewers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1209 chewers were identified and categorized into three main groups based on the type of lesion: betel quid oral lichenoid lesions only, betel quid oral lichenoid lesions in association with quid-induced other oral mucosal lesions, and no lesions. Multinomial regression analyses were used to determine associations between dependent and independent variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Betel quid oral lichenoid lesions were more common in individuals who chewed quid comprising both tobacco and areca nut, and in those who chewed it two to three, or greater than three, times a day. Betel quid oral lichenoid lesions + quid-induced other oral mucosal lesions were more likely to occur in females, and in individuals who chewed quid containing both tobacco and areca nut, in their processed and unprocessed forms, and greater than three times a day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of betel quid oral lichenoid lesions was higher than that reported in previous studies conducted in India. Increase in the frequency and duration of quid chewing was associated with increased likelihood of developing these oral lichenoid lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vyas Dental College, Jodhpur, India.
authors.forename: Sugandha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arya
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vyas Dental College, Jodhpur, India.
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vengal
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Bina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Raju
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vyas Dental College, Jodhpur, India.
authors.forename: Neelkant
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College, Goa, India.
authors.forename: Sujatha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sathosker
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vyas Dental College, Jodhpur, India.
authors.forename: Sumit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bateja
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Jamil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: David
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001114:Areca / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D017512:Lichenoid Eruptions / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: areca nut; betel quid; lichenoid lesion; prevalence; tobacco