title: Efavirenz Concentrations and Probability of HIV Replication in Children.
abstract: In 188 HIV-infected children receiving efavirenz, a lower mid-dose (C12) was associated with a higher risk of HIV-1 viral load >400 copies/mL (P = 0.03). Simulations for a normalized population receiving US Food and Drug Administration weight-band dosing predicted that 15% of children would have a C12 below target threshold (<1.0 mg/L) with a 23% risk of viral replication.
authors.affiliation: From the *Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD UMI 174-PHPT), Marseille, France; †Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; ‡Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand; §Ecole Doctorale de Santé Publique, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France; ¶Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; ‖Unité de Recherche Clinique Paris Centre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris; **CIC1419, INSERM & APHP, EAU08 Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; ††Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital, Chiangrai, Thailand; ‡‡Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; §§Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; ¶¶Samutsakhon Hospital, Samutsakhon, Thailand; and ‖‖Somdej Prapinklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Nontiya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Homkham
authors.forename: Tim R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Cressey
authors.forename: Naïm
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bouazza
authors.forename: Chulapong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chanta
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aurpibul
authors.forename: Thition
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Narkbunnam
authors.forename: Sawitree
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krikajornkitti
authors.forename: Nareerat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kamonpakorn
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lallemant
authors.forename: Lily
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ingsrisawang
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Salvadori
authors.forename: Jean Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Treluyer
authors.forename: Saik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Urien
authors.forename: Gonzague
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jourdain
mesh_terms: D000480:Alkynes; D048588:Benzoxazines / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019562:Viral Load / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000480:Alkynes; D048588:Benzoxazines; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; C098320:efavirenz