title: Different Effects of Orbital Shear Stress on Vascular Endothelial Cells: Comparison with the Results of In Vivo Study with Rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An attempt was made to characterize the orbital shear stress by comparing the effects of orbital shear stress on vascular endothelial cells (ECs) with the results of animal experiments.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the laboratory study, cultured ECs of well were distinguished by center and periphery then exposed to orbital shear stress using an orbital shaker. In the animal study, arteriovenous (AV) fistulas were made at the right femoral arteries of Sprague-Dawley rats to increase the effect of the laminar flow. The condition of the stenosis was given on the left femoral arteries. The protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Akt phosphorylation were observed and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under orbital shear stress, ECs showed an increase in iNOS protein expression and phosphorylation of Akt but most of the protein expressions derived from the periphery. When compared to the animal study, the increased expression of iNOS protein and phosphorylation of Akt were observed in the sample of AV fistula conditions and the iNOS protein expression was decreased in the stenosis conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Orbital shear stress did not show the characteristics of a pure turbulent shear force. By comparing the observation with the morphological changes of vascular ECs and site-specific protein expression on the results of animal experiments, uniform directional lamina shear stress forces were expressed at the periphery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyosoo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Keun Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunjin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Geumhee
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gwak
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Cheol
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Il
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Seob
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: In Sung
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Moon
keywords: Akt phosphorylation; Endothelial cells; Nitric oxide synthase; Orbital shear stress