title: Neurodevelopmental outcome after neonatal perforator stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess outcome after neonatal perforator stroke in the largest cohort to date.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survivors from a cohort of children diagnosed with neonatal perforator stroke using cranial ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging were eligible for inclusion. Recovery and Recurrence Questionnaire score, presence of cerebral palsy (CP), and crude outcome were assessed, specifically (1) the ability to walk independently, (2) participation in regular education, and (3) the presence of epilepsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-seven patients (20 males, 17 females) aged 3 to 14 years (mean age 8y) were included in the study: 14 with isolated single perforator stroke, four with multiple isolated perforator strokes, and 19 with additional brain injury. Out of 18 children with isolated perforator stroke(s), four had CP, one could not walk independently, and one developed epilepsy. The posterior limb of the internal capsule was involved in four out of 18 patients; three of these patients had CP. Of 19 children with additional brain injury, 11 had CP and three were not able to walk independently. Three out of nine children with concomitant cortical middle cerebral artery stroke developed epilepsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perforator stroke patterns can be of use in predicting long-term outcome and for guiding counselling and surveillance. Motor outcome was favourable in children with isolated perforator stroke(s), except when the posterior limb of the internal capsule was involved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ginette M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6249-6986
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Ecury-Goossen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van der Haer
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.|Department of Neurology, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Liesbeth S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feijen-Roon
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maarten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lequin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rogier C J
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: de Jonge
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.|Department of Pediatrics, Koningin Paola Children's Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Govaert
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.|Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dudink
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*