title: Ptosis: An Underestimated Complication after Autologous Fat Injection into the Upper Eyelid.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Autologous fat injection into the upper eyelid is a commonly used technique in plastic surgery for volume restoration. However, ptosis, as one of the potential complications of the procedure, has been less well-discussed than other complications.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To present five cases of ptosis after autologous fat injection for the correction of sunken eyelid deformity and explore its causes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective, non-comparative, and interventional case series, we identified five patients with ptosis. All patients had a history of previous autologous fat injection into the upper eyelid, performed by different plastic surgeons. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative photographs were taken to analyze the causes of ptosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five patients developed ptosis after autologous fat injection for upper eyelid augmentation and were referred to our group for treatment. Three of the patients had received two injections of autologous fat each. Grafted fat removal with or without levator aponeurosis advancement was required in all five cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ptosis can develop following autologous fat injection into the upper eyelid. Surgeons should be aware of this complication, which rarely manifests during the procedure itself. Techniques for performing autologous fat injection and knowledge of upper eyelid anatomy should be refined to avoid postprocedural ptosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  5 Risk.
authors.affiliation: From the Third Department of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiu-Qi
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: From the Third Department of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Tai-Ling
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: From the Third Department of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Qi
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000637:transplantation*; D000328:Adult; D064592:Autografts; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D002681:China; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome