title: Occurrence of oral Candida colonization and its risk factors among patients with malignancies in China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oral colonization of Candida could lead to later development of oropharyngeal candidiasis or candidemia among the immunocompromised patients. This study aims to describe the occurrence and risk factors of oral Candida colonization in patients with malignancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  From October 2012 to March 2013, 78 patients with pulmonary cancer (group I), 101 patients with gastrointestinal tract tumor (group II), 79 patients with hematopoietic system malignant tumor (group III), and 101 healthy controls were consecutively recruited in a hospital in Beijing, China. The oral rinse samples were taken and Candida species were identified; the enzymes activities were tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 110 and 27 Candida strains were isolated from 91 patients and 26 controls, respectively. The oral colonization rate with Candida albicans in group III (12.7 %) was significant lower than that in group I (30.8 %), group II (33.7 %), and control group (25.7 %). The oral colonization rates with non-albicans Candida species in group I, group II, and group III were 15.4, 10.9, and 12.7 %, respectively, while only one non-albicans Candida strain was identified in control group. The non-albicans Candida species exhibited a lower virulence than C. albicans. Age was an independent risk factor for Candida colonization in patients with pulmonary cancer and digestive tract malignant tumor, "Teeth brush <1 time/day" was an independent risk factor for Candida colonization in patients with hematopoietic system tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The differences of risk factors for oral Candida colonization in patients with different cancers require different strategies for the prevention and control of Candida infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Old aged patients with pulmonary cancer and digestive tract malignant tumor are high-risk population for Candida colonization. Increasing frequency of teeth brush might be helpful for preventing Candida colonization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, 307 Hospital, PLA, 8# Dongda Str., 100071, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Center for Hospital Infection Control, Chinese PLA Institute for Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 20# Dongda Str., 100071, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, 307 Hospital, PLA, 8# Dongda Str., 100071, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatological, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, 307 Hospital, PLA, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiuyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Tract Malignant Tumor, 307 Hospital, PLA, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Cancer, 307 Hospital, PLA, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Rongrui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematopoietic System Tumor, 307 Hospital, PLA, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Changlin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, 307 Hospital, PLA, 8# Dongda Str., 100071, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qihong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, 307 Hospital, PLA, 8# Dongda Str., 100071, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Kaitao
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Center for Hospital Infection Control, Chinese PLA Institute for Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 20# Dongda Str., 100071, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xuelin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, 307 Hospital, PLA, 8# Dongda Str., 100071, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jingcai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, 307 Hospital, PLA, 8# Dongda Str., 100071, Beijing, China. drgechengde@163.com.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Center for Hospital Infection Control, Chinese PLA Institute for Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 20# Dongda Str., 100071, Beijing, China. hanlicdc@163.com.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology*; D005838:Genotype; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014099:Toothbrushing; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents
keywords: Biological characteristics; Candida albicans; Colonization; Malignancies; Non-albicans Candida species; Risk factor