title: Temporomandibular Myofacial Pain Treated with Botulinum Toxin Injection.
abstract: This article reviews the diagnoses and treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and outlines of the role of botulinum toxin (BoNT) in the treatment of myofacial TMD. This manuscript includes a brief history of the use of BoNT in the treatment of pain, the mechanism of action of BoNT, and the techniques for injections, adverse effects and contraindications when using BoNT to treat mayofacial pain caused by TMD.
authors.affiliation: Mount Sinai Roosevelt Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York, NY 10019, USA. nivmor73@gmail.com.|Head and Neck Surgical Group-New York Center for Voice and Swallowing Disorders, New York, NY 10019, USA. nivmor73@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Niv
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mor
authors.affiliation: Mount Sinai Roosevelt Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York, NY 10019, USA. christophergtang@gmail.com.|Head and Neck Surgical Group-New York Center for Voice and Swallowing Disorders, New York, NY 10019, USA. christophergtang@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Christropher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Mount Sinai Roosevelt Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York, NY 10019, USA. ab1136@aol.com.|Head and Neck Surgical Group-New York Center for Voice and Swallowing Disorders, New York, NY 10019, USA. ab1136@aol.com.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blitzer
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000075202:Contraindications; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D001905:Botulinum Toxins
keywords: botulinum toxin; myofacial pain; temporomandibular disorders; temporomandibular joint