title: [Effects of different gracilis loops in graciloplasty on congenital fecal incontinence].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the clinical effect of graciloplasty using two different gracilis encircled loops and to research the better method for the treatment of fecal incontinence after anoplasty for imperforate anus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical data of 38 incontinence patients with congenital anal malformation undergoing graciloplasty in our hospitals from January 2009 to January 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty patients received the modified surgery in which the gracilis muscle was transposed anticlockwise into a circum-anal tunnel with a U-loop and its tendon secured to the ipsilateral pectineal ligament. Eighteen patients received the traditional surgery in which the gracilis muscle was wrapped clockwise around the anus with a γ-loop and its tendon secured to the contralateral periosteum of ischial tuberosity or pectineal ligament. All the patients were evaluated via Wexner score and anal manometry before surgery and 2 weeks, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after surgery. In addition, it was assessed whether the patients had difficulty defecating while squatting after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Generalized estimating equations showed that the Wexner score in two groups gradually decreased after surgery (P=0.000), but there was no significant difference between two groups (P=0.554). At 2 weeks, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after surgery, there were respectively 4 cases (20.0%), 3 cases (15.0%), 2 cases (10.0%), 1 case (5.0%), who showed squatting difficult defecation in the U-loop group, and 10 cases (55.6%), 12 cases (66.7%), 10 cases (55.6%), 8 cases (44.4%) in the γ-loop group. The probability of squatting difficult defecation in U-loop group was significantly lower compared to γ-loop group (P=0.002), but the probability of squatting difficult defecation in two groups did not obviously change with time (P=0.057). Repeated measures ANOVA showed that anal resting pressure, anal maximal squeeze pressure, duration of anal squeeze, and rectal maximum tolerable volume in two groups were gradually improved after surgery (all P<0.01), but there were no significant differences between two groups (all P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Graciloplasty with different gracilis loops can improve anal function. However, U-loop can better improve difficult defecating while squatting, and is worthwhile for spreading in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of anorectal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China. doctorwh888@126.com.
authors.forename: Ganggang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Zuoxing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jianchen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal; D001006:Anus, Imperforate; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005242:Fecal Incontinence; D006801:Humans; D011312:Pressure