title: Voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC-1) is required for olfactory sensing in Caenorhabditis elegans.
abstract: The Ras-MAP kinase signaling pathway plays important roles for the olfactory reception in olfactory neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans. However, given the absence of phosphorylation targets of MAPK in the olfactory neurons, the mechanism by which this pathway regulates olfactory function is unknown. Here, we used proteomic screening to identify the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel VDAC-1 as a candidate target molecule of MAPK in the olfactory system of C. elegans. We found that Amphid Wing "C" (AWC) olfactory neuron-specific knockdown of vdac-1 caused severe defects in chemotaxis toward AWC-sensed odorants. We generated a new vdac-1 mutant using the CRISPR-Cas9 system, with this mutant also showing decreased chemotaxis toward odorants. This defect was rescued by AWC-specific expression of vdac-1, indicating that functions of VDAC-1 in AWC neurons are essential for normal olfactory reception in C. elegans. We observed that AWC-specific RNAi of vdac-1 reduced AWC calcium responses to odorant stimuli and caused a decrease in the quantity of mitochondria in the sensory cilia. Behavioral abnormalities in vdac-1 knockdown animals might therefore be due to reduction of AWC response, which might be caused by loss of mitochondria in the cilia. Here, we showed that the function of VDAC-1 is regulated by phosphorylation and identified Thr175 as the potential phosphorylation site of MAP kinase.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uozumi
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamakawa
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Yu-Ki
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Deno
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.|Department of Biology, Graduate School of Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobushige
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakajo
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.|Department of Biology, Graduate School of Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.|Division of Applied Medical Sensing, Research and Development Center for Taste and Odor Sensing, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirotsu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064113:CRISPR-Cas Systems; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002633:Chemotaxis; D002923:Cilia / Q000378:metabolism; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D018034:Olfactory Receptor Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012903:Smell; D013912:Threonine / Q000378:metabolism; D050995:Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D013912:Threonine; D050995:Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D018631:ras Proteins; D002118:Calcium