title: Micronutrient and Protein Deficiencies After Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy: a 1-year Follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) have increased dramatically, potentially increasing the prevalence of nutritional deficiencies. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of food restriction during the first year after bariatric surgery (BS) on nutritional parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two and 30 obese patients undergoing GBP and SG were prospectively followed at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months after BS (N = 14 and N = 19 at T12). We evaluated food intake and nutrient adequacy (T0, T3, T12), as well as serum vitamin and mineral concentration (T0, T3, T6, T12).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, GBP and SG patients had similar clinical characteristics, food intake, nutrient adequacy, and serum concentration. The drastic energy and food reduction led to very low probabilities of adequacy for nutrients similar in both models (T3, T12). Serum analysis demonstrated a continuous decrease in prealbumin during the follow-up, indicating mild protein depletion in 37 and 38% of GBP patients and 57 and 52% of SG patients, respectively, at T3 and T12. Conversely, despite the low probabilities of adequacy observed at T3 and T12, systematic multivitamin and mineral supplementation after GBP and SG prevented most nutritional deficiencies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GBP and SG have comparable effects in terms of energy and food restriction and subsequent risk of micronutrient and protein deficiencies in the first year post BS. Such results advocate for a cautious monitoring of protein intake after GPB and SG and a systematic multivitamin and mineral supplementation in the first year after SG.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013, Paris, France.|INSERM, UMR_S U1166, NutriOmics team, 75013, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Eric O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Verger
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013, Paris, France. judith.aron-wisnewsky@psl.aphp.fr.|INSERM, UMR_S U1166, NutriOmics team, 75013, Paris, France. judith.aron-wisnewsky@psl.aphp.fr.|UPMC University Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, ICAN, Nutriomics team, Sorbonne Universités, 75005, Paris, France. judith.aron-wisnewsky@psl.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aron-Wisnewsky
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013, Paris, France.|INSERM, UMR_S U1166, NutriOmics team, 75013, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Maria Carlota
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Dao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013, Paris, France.|INSERM, UMR_S U1166, NutriOmics team, 75013, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Brandon D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Kayser
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Oppert
authors.affiliation: Visceral Surgery Department, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bouillot
authors.affiliation: Visceral Surgery Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torcivia
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013, Paris, France. karine.clement@psl.aphp.fr.|INSERM, UMR_S U1166, NutriOmics team, 75013, Paris, France. karine.clement@psl.aphp.fr.|UPMC University Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, ICAN, Nutriomics team, Sorbonne Universités, 75005, Paris, France. karine.clement@psl.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Clément
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000172:deficiency*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011228:Prealbumin / Q000032:analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011488:Protein Deficiency / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients; D011228:Prealbumin
keywords: Bariatric surgery; Multivitamin and mineral supplementation; Protein deficiency; Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; Sleeve gastrectomy