title: Modeling and Simulation Approaches for Cardiovascular Function and Their Role in Safety Assessment.
abstract: Systems pharmacology modeling and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis of drug-induced effects on cardiovascular (CV) function plays a crucial role in understanding the safety risk of new drugs. The aim of this review is to outline the current modeling and simulation (M&S) approaches to describe and translate drug-induced CV effects, with an emphasis on how this impacts drug safety assessment. Current limitations are highlighted and recommendations are made for future effort in this vital area of drug research.
authors.affiliation: Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, University of Warwick UK.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bergenholm
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, University of Warwick UK.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abdulla
authors.affiliation: Oncology, AstraZeneca Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK.
authors.forename: Jwt
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, University of Warwick UK.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, University of Warwick UK.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Chappell
authors.affiliation: Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca Waltham, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Mettetal