title: Proteomic Approach to Identify Nuclear Proteins in Wheat Grain.
abstract: The nuclear proteome of the grain of the two cultivated wheat species Triticum aestivum (hexaploid wheat; genomes A, B, and D) and T. monococcum (diploid wheat; genome A) was analyzed in two early stages of development using shotgun-based proteomics. A procedure was optimized to purify nuclei, and an improved protein sample preparation was developed to efficiently remove nonprotein substances (starch and nucleic acids). A total of 797 proteins corresponding to 528 unique proteins were identified, 36% of which were classified in functional groups related to DNA and RNA metabolism. A large number (107 proteins) of unknown functions and hypothetical proteins were also found. Some identified proteins may be multifunctional and may present multiple localizations. On the basis of the MS/MS analysis, 368 proteins were present in the two species, and in two stages of development, some qualitative differences between species and stages of development were also found. All of these data illustrate the dynamic function of the grain nucleus in the early stages of development.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63 039 Clermont-Ferrand, France.|Blaise Pascal University, UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Avenue des Landais, F-63 170 Aubière, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bancel
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63 039 Clermont-Ferrand, France.|Blaise Pascal University, UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Avenue des Landais, F-63 170 Aubière, France.
authors.forename: Titouan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bonnot
authors.affiliation: CNRS, PAPPSO, UMR 0320/8120 Génétique Quantitative et Évolution - Le Moulon, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Marlène
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davanture
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63 039 Clermont-Ferrand, France.|Blaise Pascal University, UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Avenue des Landais, F-63 170 Aubière, France.
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Branlard
authors.affiliation: CNRS, PAPPSO, UMR 0320/8120 Génétique Quantitative et Évolution - Le Moulon, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zivy
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63 039 Clermont-Ferrand, France.|Blaise Pascal University, UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Avenue des Landais, F-63 170 Aubière, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martre
mesh_terms: D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D018745:Genome, Plant; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000235:genetics; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D020543:Proteome / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics; D013045:Species Specificity; D014908:Triticum / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome
keywords: LC−MS/MS; bread wheat (Triticum aestivum); cereal; einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum); grain development; nuclear proteome