title: Gallic acid protects against cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity in testis and epididymis of rats.
abstract: The protective role of gallic acid (GA) on reproductive toxicity induced by cyclophosphamide (CPA), an antineoplastic drug, was investigated in male Wistar rats. Sixty rats were grouped into 10 rats per group. Group 1 (control) received distilled water. Rats in groups 2 and 3 received GA alone at 60 and 120 mg kg(-1) for 14 consecutive days, respectively. Group 4 received a single intraperitoneal dose of CPA at 200 mg kg(-1) on day 1. Groups 5 and 6 received a single dose of CPA (200 mg kg(-1) ) intraperitoneally on day 1 followed by treatment with GA at 60 and 120 mg kg(-1) for 14 consecutive days, respectively. In testes and epididymis of the treated rats, CPA administration resulted in significant elevation (P < 0.05) in malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrite and hydrogen peroxide levels. There was a significant decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase. Furthermore, there were significant reductions in plasma luteinising hormone (LH), follicle stimulation hormone (FSH) and testosterone levels, which were accompanied by significant decrease in sperm motility and viability in CPA-treated rats. Histological examination revealed marked testicular and epididymal atrophy in CPA alone treated rats and these aberrations were reversed by GA. In conclusion, GA has capacity to protect against reproductive toxicity induced by cyclophosphamide.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.|Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Oyagbemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: T O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Omobowale
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Saba
authors.affiliation: Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Adedara
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Olowu
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Akinrinde
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Dada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D002470:Cell Survival; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D004822:Epididymis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D013739:Testosterone; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005707:Gallic Acid; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase
keywords: Antioxidant; cyclophosphamide; gallic acid; oxidative stress; phytochemical; reproductive toxicity