title: Incidence and Risk Factors of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Postadenotonsillectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) postadenoidectomy, posttonsillectomy, and postadenotonsillectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic tertiary care center (2007-2014).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of patients who underwent adenoidectomies, tonsillectomies, or adenotonsillectomies by 1 pediatric otolaryngologist. Patient's age, sex, type of surgery, indication for surgery, medical syndromes, tonsil grade, adenoid size, and pre- and postoperative nasal air emissions were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The VPI risk at 3 weeks postoperatively was 13.6% (95% CI: 9.0%, 18.2%) for adenotonsillectomies, 3.2% (95% CI: 1.2%, 7.6%) for adenoidectomies, and 2.2% (95% CI: 2.1%, 6.5%) for tonsillectomies. There was a significantly higher risk of VPI with combined procedures in comparison with adenoidectomies (P = .02) or tonsillectomies alone (P = .03). There was no significant difference in risk of VPI between adenoidectomies and tonsillectomies (P = .78); between surgical indication groups (sleep-disordered breathing vs other; P = .15); or in terms of sex (P = .80), age (P = .11), tonsil grade (P = .96), or adenoid size (P = .15). There was no qualitative difference in postoperative nasal air emissions between patients with and without medical syndromes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data are consistent with the literature that most VPI after adenotonsillectomy is temporary in nature and resolves by 5 months postoperatively. Combined procedures were shown to have a significantly higher risk of VPI. Our rates of VPI were much higher than that previously cited and may be indicative of subclinical cases of VPI, which were accounted for due to this study's unique methodology.
authors.affiliation: Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khami
authors.affiliation: Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, Canada.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, Canada.
authors.forename: Jordan Thomas
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Glicksman
authors.affiliation: Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, Canada Murad.Husein@lhsc.on.ca.
authors.forename: Murad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Husein
mesh_terms: D000233:Adenoidectomy; D000234:Adenoids / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014066:Palatine Tonsil / Q000473:pathology; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014068:Tonsillectomy; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: adenoidectomy; nasal air emission; tonsillectomy; velopharyngeal insufficiency