title: Explaining the slow transition of child-appropriate dosage formulations from the global to national level in the context of Uganda: a qualitative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 2007, the Sixtieth World Health Assembly (WHA) passed a resolution entitled "Better medicines for children" and subsequently the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the inclusion of child-appropriate dosage formulations in the essential medicines lists of member countries. However, child-appropriate dosage formulations are not highlighted in the Essential Medicines and Health Supplies List of Uganda (EMHSLU) 2012 and they are still limited in availability in public health facilities. Several stakeholders influenced the status of child-appropriate dosage formulations in the EMHSLU 2012.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore stakeholders' views about the relevance of the globally recommended child-appropriate dosage formulations in the context of Uganda.
  
  
  METHODS
  The findings derive from thirty three in-depth interviews with stakeholder representatives and the results of a follow up validation meeting where preliminary findings were shared with stakeholders. Policy analysis and policy transfer theories were used to guide a deductive analysis for manifest and latent content.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to stakeholders, the transition to the globally recommended child-appropriate dosage formulations has been slow in Uganda due to a number of factors. These factors include resource constraints at the global and national levels, lack of Ministry of Health (MOH) formal commitment to the adoption of the child-appropriate dosage formulations policy and a lack of consensus between those who advocated for the availability of liquid oral dosage formulations for easy administration and effectiveness and those who were more convinced by economic arguments and preferred the procurement of solid oral dosage formulations intended for adults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The global policy for child-appropriate dosage formulations still remains to be implemented in Uganda and other low income countries. This has been due to lack of resources that hindered formal transfer of the policy from the global to the local level. To achieve this transfer there is a need for resource mobilisation at both the international and local levels, together with the revitalisation of UMTAC to enable it to take on a leadership role of the coalitions supporting child-appropriate dosage formulations.
authors.affiliation: Child Health and Development Center, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 6717, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Nsabagasani
authors.affiliation: Section for Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ebba
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health Uganda and Department of Health, Uganda Christian University, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mbonye
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Freddie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ssengooba
authors.affiliation: Child Health and Development Center, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 6717, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Muyinda
authors.affiliation: Child Health and Development Center, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 6717, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mugisha
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda.
authors.forename: Jasper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ogwal-Okeng
keywords: Child size medicines and Uganda; Child-appropriate dosage formulations; Children; Policy transfer; Stakeholders