title: Occurrence and efficacy of bisphenol A (BPA) treatment in selected municipal wastewater treatment plants, Bangkok, Thailand.
abstract: Investigations were carried out on the occurrence and fate of bisphenol A (BPA) in five wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Bangkok, namely, Rattanakosin, Chong Non Si, Din Daeng (DD), Nong Khaem and Thungkru (TK) during three sampling events between October 2013 and February 2014. Based on the results, the influent and effluent BPA concentrations ranged between 128.5 ng/L and 606.0 ng/L; and 38.7 ng/L and 270.5 ng/L, respectively. The effluent BPA concentrations of most of the five WWTPs were lower than the influent levels. TK had the highest removal efficiency in October 2013 (80.4%) and December 2013 (90.7%) and the second highest in February 2014 (69.2%). DD had the highest removal efficiency in February 2014 (91.8%). The treatment processes employed at TK and DD were vertical loop reactor activated sludge process and activated sludge with nutrients removal, respectively. Thus, these processes seem to be good for BPA degradation.
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand E-mail: ranjna.jindal@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Intira
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pookpoosa
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand E-mail: ranjna.jindal@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ranjna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jindal
authors.affiliation: Environmental Quality Promotion Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Environmental Research and Training Centre, Klong Luang, Thailand.
authors.forename: Daisy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morknoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kraichat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tantrakarnapa
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis; D013785:Thailand; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds