title: Sleep problems and self-harm in adolescence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although self-harm and sleep problems are major public health problems in adolescence, detailed epidemiological assessment is essential to understand the nature of this relationship.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To conduct a detailed assessment of the relationship between sleep and self-harm in adolescence.
  
  
  METHODS
  A large population-based study in Norway surveyed 10 220 adolescents aged 16-19 years on mental health, including a comprehensive assessment of sleep and self-harm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adolescents with sleep problems were significantly more likely to report self-harm than those without sleep problems. Insomnia, short sleep duration, long sleep onset latency, wake after sleep on set as well as large differences between weekdays versus weekends, yielded higher odds of self-harm consistent with a dose-response relationship. Depressive symptoms accounted for some, but not all, of this association.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings highlight a strong relationship between sleep problems and self-harm. Interventions to reduce adolescent self-harm ought to incorporate sleep problems as a treatment target.
authors.affiliation: Mari Hysing, PhD, PsyD, The Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health, Bergen, Norway; Børge Sivertsen, PhD, PsyD, The Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health, Bergen, Norway, Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, and Department of Psychiatry, HelseFonna HF, Haugesund, Norway; Kjell Morten Stormark, PhD, PsyD, The Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health, Bergen, and Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway; Rory C. O'Connor, PhD, CPsychol, FAcSS, Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK mari.hysing@uni.no.
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hysing
authors.affiliation: Mari Hysing, PhD, PsyD, The Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health, Bergen, Norway; Børge Sivertsen, PhD, PsyD, The Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health, Bergen, Norway, Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, and Department of Psychiatry, HelseFonna HF, Haugesund, Norway; Kjell Morten Stormark, PhD, PsyD, The Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health, Bergen, and Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway; Rory C. O'Connor, PhD, CPsychol, FAcSS, Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Børge
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sivertsen
authors.affiliation: Mari Hysing, PhD, PsyD, The Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health, Bergen, Norway; Børge Sivertsen, PhD, PsyD, The Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health, Bergen, Norway, Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, and Department of Psychiatry, HelseFonna HF, Haugesund, Norway; Kjell Morten Stormark, PhD, PsyD, The Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health, Bergen, and Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway; Rory C. O'Connor, PhD, CPsychol, FAcSS, Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Kjell Morten
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Stormark
authors.affiliation: Mari Hysing, PhD, PsyD, The Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health, Bergen, Norway; Børge Sivertsen, PhD, PsyD, The Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health, Bergen, Norway, Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, and Department of Psychiatry, HelseFonna HF, Haugesund, Norway; Kjell Morten Stormark, PhD, PsyD, The Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health, Bergen, and Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway; Rory C. O'Connor, PhD, CPsychol, FAcSS, Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Rory C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: O'Connor
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003863:Depression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires