title: Retracted: Expression and Function of PPARs in Cancer Stem Cells
abstract: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells with characteristics of stem cells, especially the ability to arise to all types of cell in a particular cancer tissue. With the capacity to generate multiple types of cancer cells, CSCs are proposed as primary impetus for tumor initiation and metastases and are suggested as potential therapeutic targets for anti-cancer treatment. Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a subset of multifunctional transcription factors which play a pivotal role in cancer development and tumorigenesis. PPARs are also reported to be involved in the modulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in CSC initiation and in the regulation of CSC functions. However, the exact mechanisms remain unknown. Herein, we review the latest evidence on the regulatory effects and mechanisms of PPARs in CSC formation and function, and evaluate the prospects of PPARs as a target for cancer treatment.
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Xiaoshan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China. raoraowang@tongji.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Raorao
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000378:metabolism*; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / Q000502:physiology*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D060449:Wnt Signaling Pathway
chemical_list: D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; C509239:SHH protein, human