title: Centhaquin improves survival in a swine model of hemorrhagic shock.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hemorrhage is a frequent event in hospital and prehospital settings. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether centhaquin improves 24-h survival and reduces the total volume of required fluids in an established model of swine hemorrhagic shock.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five pigs were instrumented and subjected to hemorrhagic shock. The animals were randomly allocated in two experimental groups, the control (vehicle) (n = 10) and the centhaquin groups (0.015 mg/kg, n = 10); all animals received lactated Ringer solution in the resuscitation phase until their mean arterial pressure reached 90% of the baseline. A sham group (n = 5) was added a posteriori to mimic the hemodynamic profile of the centhaquin group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically significant difference was observed in the time required for the three groups to reach their target mean aortic pressure, 36.88 ± 3.26 min for the control group versus 9.40 ± 1.01 min for the sham group and 7.10 ± 0.97 min for the centhaquin group (P < 0.001). The total amount of fluids in the control and the sham groups was significantly higher when compared with that of the centhaquin-treated animals (P < 0.001). All 10 animals in the centhaquin group survived for 24 h, whereas only three animals survived in the control group and one animal in the sham group (P = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Centhaquin 0.015 mg/kg administered in the fluid resuscitation phase resulted in lower volume of fluids and better survival compared with control and sham-operated animals.
authors.affiliation: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, MSc "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation", Athens, Greece; Hellenic Society of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Papapanagiotou
authors.affiliation: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, MSc "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation", Athens, Greece; Hellenic Society of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Theodoros
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xanthos
authors.affiliation: Chicago College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gulati
authors.affiliation: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, MSc "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation", Athens, Greece; Hellenic Society of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Athens, Greece. Electronic address: thanoschalkias@yahoo.gr.
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chalkias
authors.affiliation: ELPEN, Experimental-Research Centre, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Apostolos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papalois
authors.affiliation: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, MSc "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation", Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Zinais
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kontouli
authors.affiliation: University of Crete Medical School, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alegakis
authors.affiliation: Hellenic Society of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Athens, Greece; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Aretaieio Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iacovidou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D010879:Piperazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D013552:Swine; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D010879:Piperazines; D020011:Protective Agents; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; C045913:centhaquine
keywords: Centhaquin; Fluids; Hemorrhagic shock; Resuscitation; Survival