title: Quality of life in women with lipoedema: a contextual behavioral approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lipoedema is a chronic, progressive adipose disorder of unknown etiology, often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed as obesity. It manifests itself with accumulation of the fat in lower parts of the body and associated edema and, due to numerous physical and psychological consequences, affects the quality of life (QOL) of those who suffer. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychological factors that might have an impact on the QOL of women with lipoedema from the contextual behavioral viewpoint.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an Internet-based cross-sectional study, women suffering from lipoedema (N = 120) were asked to fill in questionnaires assessing: symptom severity, QOL (WHOQOL-BREF), satisfaction with life (SWLS), psychological flexibility (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II), social connectedness (Social Connectedness Scale-Revised) and other psychological factors. The majority of participants were from the USA, the UK, and Australia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple hierarchical regression analyses showed that a higher level of QOL was predicted by higher levels of psychological flexibility and social connectedness, while controlling for symptom severity. Higher level of SWL was predicted only by higher level of social connectedness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with psychological flexibility as the target of change and Functional Analytic Psychotherapy with social connectedness as the target of change might be useful in treating women with lipoedema; however, further research in this area is needed. The authors conclude that psychological and biomedical interventions for women with lipoedema and their QOL merit more attention from researchers and the medical community than is currently received.
authors.affiliation: University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland. joannaedudek@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Joanna E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Dudek
authors.affiliation: University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Białaszek
authors.affiliation: University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ostaszewski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D001835:Body Weight; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D065134:Lipedema / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT); Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP); Lipoedema; Psychological flexibility; Quality of life; Social connectedness