title: Central blockade of salusin β attenuates hypertension and hypothalamic inflammation in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
abstract: Salusin β is a multifunctional bioactive peptide and is considered as a promising candidate biomarker for predicting atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the roles and mechanisms of salusin β in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in attenuating hypertension and hypothalamic inflammation and whether central salusin β blockade has protective effects in essential hypertension. Normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were used in this study. The rats were chronic PVN infusion either specific salusin β blocker, antisalusin β IgG (SIgG), or control IgG (CIgG) for 2 weeks. Hypertensive rats had significantly increased salusin β expression compared with normotensive rats. Central blockade of salusin β attenuated hypertension, reduced circulating norepinephrine (NE) levels, and improved cardiac hypertrophy and function in hypertensive rats. Salusin β blockade significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokines (PICs), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and altered renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components in the PVN of hypertensive rats. These findings suggest that the beneficial effects of salusin β blockade in essential hypertension are possibly due to down-regulate of inflammatory molecules and ROS in the PVN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Bao
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
authors.forename: Da-Nian
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Kang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Wang
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Guo-Qing
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D000075222:Essential Hypertension; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010286:Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016207:Cytokines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C528274:salusin-beta, rat; C500593:Cybb protein, rat; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A