title: Bacterial community structure and predicted alginate metabolic pathway in an alginate-degrading bacterial consortium.
abstract: Methane fermentation is one of the effective approaches for utilization of brown algae; however, this process is limited by the microbial capability to degrade alginate, a main polysaccharide found in these algae. Despite its potential, little is known about anaerobic microbial degradation of alginate. Here we constructed a bacterial consortium able to anaerobically degrade alginate. Taxonomic classification of 16S rRNA gene, based on high-throughput sequencing data, revealed that this consortium included two dominant strains, designated HUA-1 and HUA-2; these strains were related to Clostridiaceae bacterium SK082 (99%) and Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides (95%), respectively. Alginate lyase activity and metagenomic analyses, based on high-throughput sequencing data, revealed that this bacterial consortium possessed putative genes related to a predicted alginate metabolic pathway. However, HUA-1 and 2 did not grow on agar medium with alginate by using roll-tube method, suggesting the existence of bacterial interactions like symbiosis for anaerobic alginate degradation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan; CREST, JST, 7 Goban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan; CREST, JST, 7 Goban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan.
authors.forename: Toyokazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawata
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan; CREST, JST, 7 Goban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan; CREST, JST, 7 Goban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsunehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aki
authors.affiliation: Division of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan; CREST, JST, 7 Goban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan; CREST, JST, 7 Goban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tajima
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Naomichi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan; CREST, JST, 7 Goban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan. Electronic address: nyutaka@hiroshima-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakashimada
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000378:metabolism*; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D041963:Bacteroidetes / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000235:genetics; D056186:Metagenomics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D020723:Glucuronic Acid
keywords: Alginate; Clostridium; Consortium; Dysgonomonas; Symbiosis