title: Increased glutathione contributes to stress tolerance and global translational changes in Arabidopsis.
abstract: Although glutathione is well known for its reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging function and plays a protective role in biotic stress, its regulatory function in abiotic stress still remains to be elucidated. Our previous study showed that exogenously applied reduced glutathione (GSH) could improve abiotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. Here, we report that endogenously increased GSH also conferred tolerance to drought and salt stress in Arabidopsis. Moreover, both exogenous and endogenous GSH delayed senescence and flowering time. Polysomal profiling results showed that global translation was enhanced after GSH treatment and by the induced increase of GSH level by salt stress. By performing transcriptomic analyses of steady-state and polysome-bound mRNAs in GSH-treated plants, we reveal that GSH has a substantial impact on translation. Translational changes induced by GSH treatment target numerous hormones and stress signaling molecules, which might contribute to the enhanced stress tolerance in GSH-treated plants. Our translatome analysis also revealed that abscisic acid (ABA), auxin and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis, as well as signaling genes, were activated during GSH treatment, which has not been reported in previously published transcriptomic data. Together, our data suggest that the increased glutathione level results in stress tolerance and global translational changes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mei-Chun
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wan-Ling
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Chieh
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Guan-Hong
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsan-Piao
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055864:Droughts; D035264:Flowers / Q000502:physiology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D018525:Germination; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009154:Mutation; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C520629:RD29a protein, Arabidopsis; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D000040:Abscisic Acid; C402082:SAG12 protein, Arabidopsis; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Arabidopsis; GSH1; abiotic stress; glutathione; polysomal profiling; translational control; translatome