title: Predictors of Participation in Prostate Cancer Screening among Older Men in Jordan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Participation is one of the major factors affecting the long-term success of population-based prostate cancer screening programs. The aim of this study was to explore strong factors linked to participation in prostate cancer screening among older Jordanian adults using the Health Belief Model (HBM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from Jordanian older adults, aged 40 years and over, who visited a comprehensive health care center within the Ministry of Health. A pilot test was conducted to investigate the internal consistency of the the Champion Health Belief Model Scale for prostate cancer screening and the clarity of survey questions. Sample characteristics and rates of participation in prostate cancer screening were examined using means and frequencies. Important factors associated with participation in prostate cancer screening were examined using bivariate correlation and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  About 13% of the respondents had adhered to prostate cancer screening guidelines over the previous decade. Four out of the seven HBM-driven factors (perceived susceptibility, benefits and barriers to PSA test, and health motivation) were statistically significant. Those with greater levels of susceptibility, benefits of PSA test and health motivation and lower levels of barriers to PSA testing were more likely to participate in prostate cancer screening. Family history, presence of urinary symptoms, age, and knowledge about prostate cancer significantly predicted the participation in prostate cancer screening.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Health professionals should focus more on the four modifiable HBM-related factors to encourage older adults to participate in prostate cancer screening. Intervention programs, which lower perceived barriers to PSA testing and increase susceptibility, benefits of PSA testing and health motivation, should be developed and implemented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Zarqa, Zarqa, Jordan E-mail : aboads_3@yahoo.com, mabuadas@ zu.edu.jo.
authors.forename: Mohammad H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Abuadas
authors.forename: Wasileh
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Petro-Nustas
authors.forename: Zainab F
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Albikawi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007597:Jordan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen