title: Intraamniotic Inflammation in Women with Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize subgroups of preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) and short-term neonatal outcomes based on the presence and absence of intraamniotic inflammation (IAI) and/or microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and sixty-six Caucasian women with singleton pregnancies were included in this study. Amniotic fluid samples were obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis (n=166) and were assayed for interleukin-6 levels by a lateral flow immunoassay. The presence of Ureaplasma species, Mycoplasma hominis, Chlamydia trachomatis, and 16S rRNA was evaluated in the amniotic fluid. IAI was defined as amniotic fluid IL-6 values, measured by a point of care test, higher than 745 pg/mL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microbial-associated IAI (IAI with MIAC) and sterile intraamniotic inflammation (IAI alone) were found in 21% and 4%, respectively, of women with PPROM. Women with microbial-associated IAI had higher microbial loads of Ureaplasma species in the amniotic fluid than women with MIAC alone. No differences in the short-term neonatal morbidity with respect to the presence of microbial-associated IAI, sterile IAI and MIAC alone were found after adjusting for the gestational age at delivery in women with PPROM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microbial-associated but not sterile intraamniotic inflammation is common in Caucasian women with PPROM. The gestational age at delivery but not the presence of inflammation affects the short-term neonatal morbidity of newborns from PPROM pregnancies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Musilova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Radka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kutová
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pliskova
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stepan
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ramkumar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.affiliation: Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jacobsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kacerovsky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S