title: Isolation of coagulase-positive staphylococci from bitches' colostrum and milk and genetic typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius strains.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Among the coagulase-positive, potentially pathogenic staphylococci, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius has been frequently isolated from bitches' milk. This organism colonizes the mammary gland or causes infection, while S. aureus has been only occasionally reported. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence and persistence of coagulase-positive staphylococci in the colostrum and milk of postpartum bitches, either treated or untreated with antimicrobials, and to assess the incidence, antibiotic resistance profile and genetic type of the methicillin-resistant strains. On postpartum D1, D7 and D15, drops of secretion were collected from the mammary glands of 27 postpartum bitches, nine of which were treated with antimicrobials. Coagulase-positive staphylococci were identified, antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of mecA were tested and the genetic profile of methicillin-resistant strains was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was the only coagulase-positive staphylococcus isolated, and its presence was detected in 21 out of 27 bitches and in 66 out of 145 swabs. In a single bitch, it caused puerperal mastitis. In untreated bitches, the frequency of isolation was lower in colostrum than in milk. All of the isolates except one were resistant to at least three antimicrobial classes, while 14 out of 66 S. pseudintermedius strains were methicillin-resistant mecA positive (MRSP) and were isolated from eight bitches housed in the same breeding kennel. A significant association was found between antimicrobial treatment and the presence of MRSP. Six of the 12 typed isolates belonged to spa-type t02 carrying SCCmec II/III, and another six were non-typeable with spa carrying SCCmec IV. The t02-SCCmec II/III isolates were sequence type (ST) 71; four NT-SCCmec IV isolates were ST258 and two were ST369. PFGE showed that isolates from the same dog had identical band patterns, while isolates from different dogs had unique band patterns. MRSP strains showed multidrug resistance profiles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results confirm that S. pseudintermedius is the most frequently isolated coagulase-positive staphylococcus from bitches' milk. The isolation of several different strains of MRSP with different genetic characteristics in the same kennel and the fact that two of the strains belonged to a sequence type (ST) described for the first time are noteworthy findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10090, Grugliasco, TO, Italy. ada.rota@unito.it.
authors.forename: Ada
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rota
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy. MCorro@izsvenezie.it.
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corrò
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy. IDrigo@izsvenezie.it.
authors.forename: Ilenia
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Drigo
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy. ABortolami@izsvenezie.it.
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bortolami
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), SE-751 89, Uppsala, Sweden. Stefan.Borjesson@sva.se.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Börjesson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003126:Colostrum / Q000382:microbiology*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000662:veterinary*; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification