title: Healthcare practitioners' personal and professional values.
abstract: Personal and professional values of healthcare practitioners influence their clinical decisions. Understanding these values for individuals and across healthcare professions can help improve patient-centred decision-making by individual practitioners and interprofessional teams, respectively. We aimed to identify these values and integrate them into a single framework using Schwartz's values model. We searched Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and ERIC databases for articles on personal and professional values of healthcare practitioners and students. We extracted values from included papers and synthesized them into a single framework using Schwartz's values model. We summarised the framework within the context of healthcare practice. We identified 128 values from 50 included articles from doctors, nurses and allied health professionals. A new framework for the identified values established the following broad healthcare practitioner values, corresponding to Schwartz values (in parentheses): authority (power); capability (achievement); pleasure (hedonism); intellectual stimulation (stimulation); critical-thinking (self-direction); equality (universalism); altruism (benevolence); morality (tradition); professionalism (conformity); safety (security) and spirituality (spirituality). The most prominent values identified were altruism, equality and capability. This review identified a comprehensive set of personal and professional values of healthcare practitioners. We integrated these into a single framework derived from Schwartz's values model. This framework can be used to assess personal and professional values of healthcare practitioners across professional groups, and can help improve practitioners' awareness of their values so they can negotiate more patient-centred decisions. A common values framework across professional groups can support shared education strategies on values and help improve interprofessional teamwork and decision-making.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Level 2, School of Population Health, Tamaki Innovation Campus, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand. m.moyo@auckland.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Mpatisi
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9108-9973
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moyo
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Level 2, School of Population Health, Tamaki Innovation Campus, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Felicity A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Goodyear-Smith
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical and Health Sciences Education, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weller
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Robb
authors.affiliation: Office of Medical Education, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Boaz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shulruf
mesh_terms: D000066491:Clinical Decision-Making / Q000941:ethics; D026690:Ethics, Clinical; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000941:ethics* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010348:Patient Care Team; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000941:ethics; D012945:Social Values
keywords: Clinical decision-making; Clinical education; Healthcare practitioners; Interprofessional practice; Personal values; Professional values; Schwartz’s values model