title: Effect of spinach aqueous extract on wound healing in experimental model diabetic rats with streptozotocin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic ulcer is still a serious issue for diabetic patients. Diabetes is a prevalent cause of ulcer regeneration delay and (or) disruption. Since Spinacia oleracea extract contains compounds with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, this may be effective in accelerating the healing process of ulcers, especially diabetic ulcers. Hence, this study examined the effect of Spinacia oleracea aqueous extract on ulcer regeneration in an experimental animal model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Macroscopic examination of the wounds of the control group and spinach aqueous extract group between 7 and 21 days compared with diabetic group, significant changes were observed (P < 0.05). On microscopic examination, epithelial tissue formation, formation of granulation tissue and new blood vessels in the spinach aqueous extract group and non-diabetic group compared to the diabetic group showed significant improvements (P < 0.05). Also, significant differences in vascular endothelial growth factor were observed between groups on days 3 and 7 (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Spinacia oleracea aqueous extract can be effective in regenerating diabetic ulcers. It affects the speed and structure of the ulcer. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular-Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rahati
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammadreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eshraghian
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Abdolali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular-Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamideh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pishva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018724:Spinacia oleracea / Q000737:chemistry*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: diabetes; rat; spinach; wound healing