title: Management of Periocular Granuloma Annulare Using Topical Dapsone.
abstract: Granuloma annulare is a disease characterized by granulomatous inflammation of the dermis. Localized granuloma annulare may resolve spontaneously, while generalized granuloma annulare may persist for decades. The authors present the case of a 41-year-old Hispanic man with a two-week history of periocular granuloma annulare. Due to previously reported success in the use of systemic dapsone for the treatment of granuloma annulare, and the periocular proximity of the patient's lesion, topical dapsone was used for treatment. Various additional therapies for the management of granuloma annulare have been reported, such as topical and systemic steroids, isotretinoin, pentoxifylline, cyclosporine, Interferon gamma, potassium iodide, nicotinamide, niacinamide, salicylic acid, fumaric acid ester, etanercept, infliximab, and hydroxychloroquine. Additional clinical trials are necessary to further evaluate the effectiveness of topical dapsone in the management of granuloma annulare.
authors.affiliation: Western University of Health Sciences / Pacific Hospital of Long Beach, Department of Dermatology, Long Beach, California;
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kassardjian
authors.affiliation: Western University of Health Sciences / Pacific Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach, California;
authors.forename: Mayha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Harbor-UCLA, Department of Dermatology, Torrance, California.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shitabata
authors.affiliation: Western University of Health Sciences / Pacific Hospital of Long Beach, Department of Dermatology, Long Beach, California;
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Horowitz