title: Causes of Death Associated With Prolonged TV Viewing: NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  TV viewing is the most prevalent sedentary behavior and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality, but the association with other leading causes of death is unknown. This study examined the association between TV viewing and leading causes of death in the U.S.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort of 221,426 individuals (57% male) aged 50-71 years who were free of chronic disease at baseline (1995-1996), 93% white, with an average BMI of 26.7 (SD=4.4) kg/m(2) were included. Participants self-reported TV viewing at baseline and were followed until death or December 31, 2011. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for TV viewing and cause-specific mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Analyses were conducted in 2014-2015.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After an average follow-up of 14.1 years, adjusted mortality risk for a 2-hour/day increase in TV viewing was significantly higher for the following causes of death (HR [95% CI]): cancer (1.07 [1.03, 1.11]); heart disease (1.23 [1.17, 1.29]); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1.28 [1.14, 1.43]); diabetes (1.56 [1.33, 1.83]); influenza/pneumonia (1.24 [1.02, 1.50]); Parkinson disease (1.35 [1.11, 1.65]); liver disease (1.33 [1.05, 1.67]); and suicide (1.43 [1.10, 1.85]. Mortality associations persisted in stratified analyses with important potential confounders, reducing causation concerns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows the breadth of mortality outcomes associated with prolonged TV viewing, and identifies novel associations for several leading causes of death. TV viewing is a prevalent discretionary behavior that may be a more important target for public health intervention than previously recognized.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00340015.
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland;. Electronic address: sarah.keadle@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Sarah K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Keadle
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Steven C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Joshua N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland;
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Demetrius
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Albanes
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Matthews
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.); D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013690:Television / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States