title: The relationship between self-reported sleep disturbance and polysomnography in individuals with traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize sleep architecture and self-reported sleep quality, fatigue and daytime sleepiness in individuals with TBI. Possible relationships between sleep architecture and self-reported sleep quality, fatigue and daytime sleepiness were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four community-dwelling adults with TBI completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (MAF) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). They underwent two nights of in-laboratory nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG). Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients and hierarchical linear regression was used to analyse the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on the PSQI cut-off score of ≥ 10, 22 participants were characterized as poor sleepers. Twenty-seven participants met criteria for clinically significant fatigue as measured by the GFI of the MAF. Fourteen participants met criteria for excessive daytime sleepiness as measured by the ESS. Poor sleep quality was associated with poor sleep efficiency, short duration of stage 2 sleep and long duration of rapid eye movement sleep. There was little-to-no association between high levels of fatigue or daytime sleepiness with NPSG sleep parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high proportion of the sample endorsed poor sleep quality, fatigue and daytime sleepiness. Those who reported poorer sleep quality evidenced a shorter proportion of time spent in stage 2 sleep. These findings suggest that disruptions in stage 2 sleep might underlie the symptoms of sleep disturbance experienced following TBI.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , NY , USA .
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , NY , USA .
authors.forename: Joshua B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Cantor
authors.affiliation: b Department of Medicine , John Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA , and.
authors.forename: R Nisha
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Aurora
authors.affiliation: a Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , NY , USA .
authors.forename: Wayne A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.affiliation: a Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , NY , USA .
authors.forename: Jason W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Krellman
authors.affiliation: a Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , NY , USA .
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: c The Shepherd Center , Atlanta , GA , USA.
authors.forename: Teresa A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ashman
authors.affiliation: a Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , NY , USA .
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spielman
authors.affiliation: a Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , NY , USA .
authors.forename: Anne F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Ambrose
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods; D057566:Self Report; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Brain injury; fatigue; polysomnography; sleep; sleep initiation maintenance disorders