title: Potentiality of a ceramic membrane reactor for the laccase-catalyzed removal of bisphenol A from secondary effluents.
abstract: In this study, the removal of bisphenol A (BPA) by laccase in a continuous enzymatic membrane reactor (EMR) was investigated. The effects of key parameters, namely, type of laccase, pH, and enzyme activity, were initially evaluated. Once optimal conditions were determined, the continuous removal of the pollutant in an EMR was assessed in synthetic and real biologically treated wastewaters. The reactor configuration consisted of a stirred tank reactor coupled to a ceramic membrane, which prevented the sorption of the pollutant and allowed the recovery and recycling of laccase. Nearly complete removal of BPA was attained under both operation regimes with removal yields above 94.5 %. In experiments with real wastewater, the removal of BPA remained high while the presence of colloids and certain ions and the formation of precipitates on the membrane potentially affected enzyme stability and made necessary the periodic addition of laccase. Polymerization and degradation were observed as probable mechanisms of BPA transformation by laccase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. adriana.arca@rai.usc.es.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arca-Ramos
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eibes
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feijoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lema
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Moreira
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D019149:Bioreactors; D001711:Biotransformation; D002516:Ceramics; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D042845:Laccase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008566:Membranes; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism*; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D042845:Laccase; D010636:Phenols; D014873:Water Pollutants; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Bisphenol A (BPA); Ceramic membrane; Enzymatic membrane reactor; Laccase; Micropollutant removal; Secondary effluent