title: Prevalence and determinants of excessive daytime sleepiness in hypertensive patients: a cross-sectional study in Douala, Cameroon.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence and determinants of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) among a group of sub-Saharan Africans living with hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiology outpatient unit of the Douala General Hospital in Cameroon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients aged 15 years and over, being followed for hypertension between 1st January and 31st July 2013. Patients with unstable heart failure, stroke and head trauma were excluded.
  
  
  METHODS
  EDS was the outcome of interest. It was defined as an Epworth sleeping scale greater or equal to 10. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with EDS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 411 patients participated in this study, with a sex ratio (male/female) of 0.58 and a mean age of 55.56 years. No patient was underweight and the mean body mass index was 30 kg/m(2). Controlled blood pressure was found in 92 (22.4%) patients. The prevalence of EDS was 62.78% (95% CI 58.08 to 67.47). The factors independently associated with EDS were: type 2 diabetes (OR 2.51; 95% CI 1 to 6.29), obesity (OR 2.75; 95% CI 1.52 to 4.97), snoring (OR 7.92; 95% CI 4.43 to 14.15) and uncontrolled blood pressure (OR 4.34; 95% CI 2.24 to 8.40).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant proportion of hypertensive patients suffer from EDS and present a high risk of sleep apnoea. Preventive measures targeted on weight loss, type 2 diabetes and snoring should be considered among these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Bertrand Hugo
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Mbatchou Ngahane
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Motto Malea
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Nganda
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon Faculty of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Anastase
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dzudie
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luma
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Félicité
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kamdem
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Henri Roger
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Ngote
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Monkam
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kuaban
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002163:Cameroon / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012913:Snoring / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: EPIDEMIOLOGY; RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (see Thoracic Medicine); SLEEP MEDICINE