title: Quality of transition to end-of-life care for cancer patients in the intensive care unit.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There have been few studies that have evaluated the quality of end-of-life care (EOLC) for cancer patients in the ICU. The aim of this study was to explore the quality of transition to EOLC for cancer patients in ICU.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was undertaken on medical patients admitted to a specialist cancer hospital ICU over 6 months. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to explore quality of transition to EOLC using documentary evidence. Clinical parameters on ICU admission were reviewed to determine if they could be used to identify patients who were likely to transition to EOLC during their ICU stay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 85 patients, 44.7% transitioned to EOLC during their ICU stay. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the patients' records demonstrated that there was collaborative decision-making between teams, patients and families during transition to EOLC. However, 51.4 and 40.5% of patients were too unwell to discuss transition to EOLC and DNACPR respectively. In the EOLC cohort, 76.3% died in ICU, but preferred place of death known in only 10%. Age, APACHE II score, and organ support, but not cancer diagnosis, were identified as associated with transition to EOLC (p = 0.017, p < 0.0001 and p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Advanced EOLC planning in patients with progressive disease prior to acute deterioration is warranted to enable patients' wishes to be fulfilled and ceiling of treatments agreed. Better documentation and development of validated tools to measure the quality EOLC transition on the ICU are needed.
authors.affiliation: Palliative Care Department, Royal Marsden Hospital, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, sophiejmiller@googlemail.com.
authors.forename: Sophie J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Nishita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pattison
authors.forename: Joanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Droney
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Farquhar-Smith
authors.forename: Pascale C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Gruber