title: Urinary cytology in bladder cancer: why is it still relevant?
abstract: Bladder carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract and cystoscopy with cytology is currently considered the gold standard for the detection and surveillance of primary tumors and for the follow-up of patients after transurethral resection. Even if cytology has a low sensitivity especially in low-grade bladder carcinomas, the high specificity and the inexpensive nature of the equipment required, justify performing it. The greatest value of cytology for patients with low-grade, nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is the detection of those lesions that may progress to high-grade urothelial carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano - Italy.
authors.forename: Evi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Comploj
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano - Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Trenti
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano - Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Palermo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano - Italy.
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pycha
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano - Italy.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mian
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology*