title: Maximizing the Therapeutic Potential of HSP90 Inhibitors.
abstract: HSP90 is required for maintaining the stability and activity of a diverse group of client proteins, including protein kinases, transcription factors, and steroid hormone receptors involved in cell signaling, proliferation, survival, oncogenesis, and cancer progression. Inhibition of HSP90 alters the HSP90-client protein complex, leading to reduced activity, misfolding, ubiquitination, and, ultimately, proteasomal degradation of client proteins. HSP90 inhibitors have demonstrated significant antitumor activity in a wide variety of preclinical models, with evidence of selectivity for cancer versus normal cells. In the clinic, however, the efficacy of this class of therapeutic agents has been relatively limited to date, with promising responses mainly observed in breast and lung cancer, but no major activity seen in other tumor types. In addition, adverse events and some significant toxicities have been documented. Key to improving these clinical outcomes is a better understanding of the cellular consequences of inhibiting HSP90 that may underlie treatment response or resistance. This review considers the recent progress that has been made in the study of HSP90 and its inhibitors and highlights new opportunities to maximize their therapeutic potential.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia. lisa.butler@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom. Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferraldeschi
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Heather K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Margaret M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Centenera
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Workman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D055550:Protein Stability; D059748:Proteolysis; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins