title: Effect of Metronidazole on Halitosis of 2 to 10 Years Old Children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Regarding the fact that halitosis has social and personal aspects which can lead to social embarrassment and consequently low self-esteem and self-confidence in subjects suffering from the problem, especially children, its proper treatment is an important issue.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of metronidazole as a nonspecific antimicrobial agent in the treatment of halitosis in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 2-10 years old children with oral halitosis were enrolled. Children without H. pylori infection and parasitic infection were randomized in two interventional and control groups. Metronidazole was given 5mg/kg/day for one week. Information regarding the demographic characteristics of studied population and halitosis (duration and time of day with more halitosis and its severity) before and after intervention was recorded using a questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  77 children with halitosis were studied in two interventional (40 children) and control (37 children) groups. There was no significant difference between two groups before intervention. After intervention, halitosis improvement rate - according to the reports of mothers of studied children - was higher significantly in intervention group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results support the effectiveness of metronidazole in the treatment of halitosis. Moreover, it supports recent findings regarding the participation of specific bacteria specially unculturable ones in the pathogenesis of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Sayed Javad
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Sayedi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Modaresi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Hosein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saneian
keywords: Halitosis; Metronidazole; Oral Health