title: Job Accommodations Availability and Utilization Among People With Lupus: An Examination of Workplace Activity Limitations and Work Context Factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the availability of diverse job accommodations (or flexible working arrangements) and to describe their use among people with systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus), as well as to examine factors associated with the use of job accommodations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A mail survey was sent to adult lupus patients receiving care from a lupus clinic based in Toronto, Canada. The survey assessed demographic information, self-reported disease activity, work history, workplace activity limitations, job strain, and the availability and use of job accommodations. Standard multivariable linear regression analysis was used to examine factors associated with the use of job accommodations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We received 362 responses of 604 mailed surveys (60% response rate). Participants who were employed within the last 5 years, but who were not currently working, were less likely than currently employed participants to report having had job accommodations available to them at their last place of employment. The use of job accommodations was reported by 70% of currently employed respondents and by 72% of those not currently employed. The most common job accommodation used was sick leave days. Factors positively associated with the use of job accommodations among those who were employed included higher levels of education, being diagnosed with fibromyalgia, at least 1 episode of short-term work disability, not belonging to a union, greater workplace activity limitations, and greater job strain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of job accommodations among people with lupus is common. Work context factors, such as workplace activity limitations and job strain, are the main factors associated with the use of job accommodations.
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE.
authors.forename: Ali M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Al Dhanhani
authors.affiliation: Toronto Western Research Institute and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Monique A M
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gignac
authors.affiliation: St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Dorcas E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Beaton
authors.affiliation: Toronto Western Research Institute and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Jiandong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Fortin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016272:Occupational Health / Q000592:standards; D018582:Sick Leave; D017132:Workplace / Q000592:standards