title: Volatiles, color characteristics and other physico-chemical parameters of commercial Moroccan honeys.
abstract: Seven commercial Moroccan honeys were considered for chemical characterisation. Volatile fraction, total polyphenols content, antioxidant and antiradical activities were evaluated by employing different analytical methodologies. Several physical parameters such as refractive index, pH, water content, solids content and colour were measured. Volatile fraction revealed an abundant presence of cis- and trans-linalool oxide in the seven studied samples. The presence of high levels of compounds related to the Maillard reaction, like furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural, could be the result of thermal treatments used to liquefy commercial honeys or of long storage times. The CIE L*a*b*C*(ab)h°(ab) chromatic coordinates confirmed the advanced stage of the Maillard reaction, showing L* values lower than the common values found for honey of similar typologies.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy.|b Institut Agronomique et Veterinaire Hassan II , Agdal Rabat , Morocco.
authors.forename: Giacomo Luigi
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Petretto
authors.affiliation: c Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo Ignazio G
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Tuberoso
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy.
authors.forename: Gina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vlahopoulou
authors.affiliation: c Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Atzei
authors.affiliation: d Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council , Sassari , Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mannu
authors.affiliation: b Institut Agronomique et Veterinaire Hassan II , Agdal Rabat , Morocco.
authors.forename: Saadia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zrira
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pintore
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D003116:Color; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D009018:Morocco; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010851:Picrates; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D014320:Triphenylmethyl Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D039821:Monoterpenes; D010851:Picrates; D059808:Polyphenols; D014320:Triphenylmethyl Compounds; D014867:Water; C000593345:linalool oxide; C008046:5-hydroxymethylfurfural; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D005662:Furaldehyde
keywords: HS-SPME; chromatic coordinates; furfural; hydroxymethylfurfural