title: Accuracy of Near Infrared-Guided Surgery in Morbidly Obese Subjects Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fluorescence cholangiography represents an incisionless technique that can be applied during laparoscopic cholecystectomy to visualize bile ducts. Our objective was to evaluate and detect variances of fluorescence imaging in obese and non-obese patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective patients were selected for laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Subjects were divided into groups based on their body mass index. Fluorescence imaging was applied preceding any dissection of extrahepatic ducts and again after dissection. Positive and negative identifications of biliary ducts were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-one patients participated, with 53.5 % classified as obese. The cystic, hepatic, common bile duct, and accessory ducts were identified as follows: 100, 70.4, 87.3, and 7.0 % of patients, respectively. No differences in hepatic duct, common bile duct, and accessory duct visualization were detected in the obese and non-obese groups (p value 0.09, 0.16, and 0.66, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fluorescent cholangiography is a useful technique in the obese and non-obese population. Obesity does not affect fluorescence visualization of bile ducts.
authors.affiliation: The Bariatric & Metabolic Institute, Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General & Vascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Boulevard, Weston, FL, 33331, USA.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dip
authors.affiliation: The Bariatric & Metabolic Institute, Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General & Vascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Boulevard, Weston, FL, 33331, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: The Bariatric & Metabolic Institute, Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General & Vascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Boulevard, Weston, FL, 33331, USA.
authors.forename: Lisandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Montorfano
authors.affiliation: The Bariatric & Metabolic Institute, Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General & Vascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Boulevard, Weston, FL, 33331, USA.
authors.forename: María Eugenia
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Szretter Noste
authors.affiliation: The Bariatric & Metabolic Institute, Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General & Vascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Boulevard, Weston, FL, 33331, USA.
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lo Menzo
authors.affiliation: The Bariatric & Metabolic Institute, Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General & Vascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Boulevard, Weston, FL, 33331, USA.
authors.forename: Conrad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Simpfendorfer
authors.affiliation: The Bariatric & Metabolic Institute, Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General & Vascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Boulevard, Weston, FL, 33331, USA.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Szomstein
authors.affiliation: The Bariatric & Metabolic Institute, Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General & Vascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Boulevard, Weston, FL, 33331, USA. rosentr@ccf.org.
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
mesh_terms: D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000601:surgery*; D002758:Cholangiography / Q000379:methods*; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008297:Male; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green
keywords: Indocyanine green; Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; Near infrared incisionless cholangiography; Obesity