title: [Global DNA methylation and homocysteine levels are lower in type 1 diabetes patients].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The worldwide rise in the incidence of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), and the concordance rate between monozygotic twins (50%), indicate a strong effect of the environment as an underlying factor of this disease. This process can occur throughout epigenetic modifications of gene expression such as DNA methylation, in which several nutrients participate as cofactors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine DNA methylation status in T1D patients and if it is related to plasma levels of folates and homocysteine (Hcy).
  
  
  METHODS
  We obtained blood samples from 25 T1D patients aged 13.7 ± 5.9 years (11 males) and 25 healthy subjects aged 31.1 ± 7.8 years (16 males). DNA methylation was measured using a colorimetric kit in extracted DNA. Results are expressed as median (interquartile range).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with healthy controls, T1D patients had lower global DNA methylation (0.85 (0.91) % and 1.25 (1.16) % respectively, p < 0.02) and Hcy levels (4.8 (1.1) µmol/L and 7.3 (1.4) µmol/L respectively p < 0.01). There were no differences in folate levels between groups. A significant association between folates and global DNA methylation status was observed in T1D patients (r = -0.564, p < 0.01) and healthy subjects (r = 0.440, p = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TD1 patients had lower levels of Hcy and global DNA methylation. It is relevant to further investigate if this imbalance also induces epigenetic changes in a gene-specific manner, especially in key genes involved in T1D pathogenesis.
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Arroyo-Jousse
authors.forename: Diego F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: García-Díaz
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pérez-Bravo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine; D005492:Folic Acid