title: Inactivation of ca10a and ca10b Genes Leads to Abnormal Embryonic Development and Alters Movement Pattern in Zebrafish.
abstract: Carbonic anhydrase related proteins (CARPs) X and XI are highly conserved across species and are predominantly expressed in neural tissues. The biological role of these proteins is still an enigma. Ray-finned fish have lost the CA11 gene, but instead possess two co-orthologs of CA10. We analyzed the expression pattern of zebrafish ca10a and ca10b genes during embryonic development and in different adult tissues, and studied 61 CARP X/XI-like sequences to evaluate their phylogenetic relationship. Sequence analysis of zebrafish ca10a and ca10b reveals strongly predicted signal peptides, N-glycosylation sites, and a potential disulfide, all of which are conserved, suggesting that all of CARP X and XI are secretory proteins and potentially dimeric. RT-qPCR showed that zebrafish ca10a and ca10b genes are expressed in the brain and several other tissues throughout the development of zebrafish. Antisense morpholino mediated knockdown of ca10a and ca10b showed developmental delay with a high rate of mortality in larvae. Zebrafish morphants showed curved body, pericardial edema, and abnormalities in the head and eye, and there was increased apoptotic cell death in the brain region. Swim pattern showed abnormal movement in morphant zebrafish larvae compared to the wild type larvae. The developmental phenotypes of the ca10a and ca10b morphants were confirmed by inactivating these genes with the CRISPR/Cas9 system. In conclusion, we introduce a novel zebrafish model to investigate the mechanisms of CARP Xa and CARP Xb functions. Our data indicate that CARP Xa and CARP Xb have important roles in zebrafish development and suppression of ca10a and ca10b expression in zebrafish larvae leads to a movement disorder.
authors.affiliation: BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aspatwar
authors.affiliation: BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Information Technology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Martti E E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Tolvanen
authors.affiliation: BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Markus J T
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ojanen
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Harlan R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.affiliation: BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Anni K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Saralahti
authors.affiliation: BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Carina A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bäuerlein
authors.affiliation: BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Csaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ortutay
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Peiwen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuuslahti
authors.affiliation: BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Mataleena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parikka
authors.affiliation: BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; PEDEGO Research Center, and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rämet
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Fimlab ltd and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parkkila
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000002:abnormalities*; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D007814:Larva / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D060172:Morpholinos / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D013550:Swimming; D064793:Teratogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D060172:Morpholinos; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins