title: Novel biomarkers for the identification and targeted therapy of gastric cancer.
abstract: Gastric cancer development follows the pathologic pattern such that chronic inflammation in the gastric mucosa progressively transforms normal mucosa into atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, adenoma/dysplasia and eventually invasive and metastatic tumors. The accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations leads to the dysregulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressors, which was considered as the driver behind events during the tumorigenesis. Almost all gastric cancers are adenocarcinomas, which share considerable heterogeneity with distinct morphology, pathogenesis and clinical behavior. Therefore, identifying subtypes of gastric cancers with molecular and genetic features will be beneficial for the early identification and selection of new effective agents for targeted treatment. High-throughput sequencing techniques such as whole genomic, epigenome and transcriptome sequencing and proteomics platforms have identified major genomic characteristics that exhibit identification and prognostic impacts and distinct response patterns. In this article, the authors aim to summarize the information regarding the most promising molecules that may have clinical application as non-invasive biomarkers and therapy targets.
authors.affiliation: a 1 Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000097:blood; D057285:Precision Medicine; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000097:blood; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000097:blood; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D005819:Genetic Markers; D035683:MicroRNAs; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D022661:RNA, Untranslated
keywords: biomarker; gastric cancer; lncRNA; miRNA; promoter methylation; targeted therapy