title: In Vitro and In Vivo Performance of a Pre-Filled, Electrochemically-Actuated Infusion System.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A novel infusion system (PatchPump®) has been developed using an electrochemical actuator and a semi-flexible container to deliver liquid formulations through an infusion set. In vitro studies characterized pump performance, and clinical studies evaluated functionality and pharmacokinetic (PK) performance in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total delivered volume and flow rate accuracy were determined in vitro by real-time gravimetric analysis. Functionality was evaluated in vivo using prototype devices delivering saline for 18 h in a clinical study enrolling 10 healthy volunteers. A second clinical study examined the PK of delivering treprostinil at an average dose of 2.3 ng/kg/min to 5 healthy volunteers for 18 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative to a design target of 0.042 mL/hr, the average flow rate of 23 PatchPumps operating for 48 continuous hours was 0.043 ± 0.007 mL/hr as tested in vitro. In vivo functionality was confirmed by complete infusion of saline for the entire duration with only mild and transient adverse effects. PK results with an infusion rate of 0.045 mL/hr of treprostinil resulted in mean Css of 297 pg/mL and T1/2 of 4.44 h, comparable to prior studies using conventional infusion pumps.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of these studies demonstrate a successful proof-of-concept for the PatchPump technology.
authors.affiliation: SteadyMed Ltd., Rehovot, Israel.
authors.forename: Assaf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shaked
authors.affiliation: Blue-Key Healthcare & Life Sciences Consulting, Ramat Hasharon, Israel.
authors.forename: Ella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tenenbaum-Koren
authors.affiliation: Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center CRC, Affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Atsmon
authors.affiliation: SteadyMed Therapeutics Inc., 2603 Camino Ramon, Suite 350, San Ramon, California, 94583, USA. pnoymer@steadymed.com.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Noymer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D004867:Equipment Design; D004890:Erythema / Q000209:etiology; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007260:Infusion Pumps / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D011464:Epoprostenol; C427248:treprostinil
keywords: parenteral; pharmacokinetic; pump; treprostinil; wearable