title: Interleukin 35 Synovial Fluid Levels Are Associated with Disease Activity of Rheumatoid Arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the association of systemic and local interleukin-35 (IL-35) levels in rheumatoid arthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  37 patients with treatment naïve early RA, 49 with established RA and 29 control patients with osteoarthritis (OA) were studied. Serum and paired synovial fluid samples were analysed for IL-35. Disease activity of RA patients was assessed according to the 28-Joint Count Disease Activity Score (DAS28).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of serum IL-35 were significantly higher in patients with treatment naïve early RA compared to those with established disease and control OA subjects. In addition, serum levels of IL-35 significantly decreased 12 weeks after initiation of glucocorticoids and conventional synthetic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs in patients with treatment naïve early RA. Synovial fluid IL-35 levels were significantly higher in RA compared to OA patients, were significantly elevated compared to serum counterparts and correlated with synovial fluid leukocyte count (r=0.412; p<0.01), serum CRP levels (r=0.362; p<0.05) and DAS28 (r=0.430, p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study showing elevated circulating levels of IL-35 in treatment naïve early RA, its significant decrease after treatment initiation and positive association between increased synovial fluid IL-35 and disease activity in patients with long-lasting RA.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ladislav
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Šenolt
authors.affiliation: Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Barbora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Šumová
authors.affiliation: Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Romana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jandová
authors.affiliation: Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hulejová
authors.affiliation: Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Heřman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pavelka
authors.affiliation: Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jiří
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vencovský
authors.affiliation: Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Mária
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Filková
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007378:Interleukins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007378:Interleukins; C532417:interleukin-35, human