title: Performance of Nonmigratory Iron Chelating Active Packaging Materials in Viscous Model Food Systems.
abstract: Many packaged food products undergo quality deterioration due to iron promoted oxidative reactions. Recently, we have developed a nonmigratory iron chelating active packaging material that represents a novel approach to inhibit oxidation of foods while addressing consumer demands for "cleanˮ labels. A challenge to the field of nonmigratory active packaging is ensuring that surface-immobilized active agents retain activity in a true food system despite diffusional limitations. Yet, the relationship between food viscosity and nonmigratory active packaging activity retention has never been characterized. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of food viscosity on iron chelation by a nonmigratory iron chelating active packaging material. Methyl cellulose was added to aqueous buffered iron solutions to yield model systems with viscosities ranging from ∼1 to ∼10(5)  mPa·s, representing viscosities ranging from beverage to mayonnaise. Iron chelation was quantified by material-bound iron content using colorimetry and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).  Maximum iron chelation was reached in solutions up to viscosity ∼10(2)  mPa·s. In more viscous solutions (up to ∼10(4)  mPa·s), there was a significant decrease in iron chelating capacity (P < 0.05). However, materials still retained at least 76% iron chelating capacity. Additionally, the influence of different food hydrocolloids on the performance of nonmigratory iron chelating active packaging was characterized. Methyl cellulose and carrageenan did not compete with the material for specific iron chelation (P > 0.05). Materials retained 32% to 45% chelating capacity when in contact with competitively chelating hydrocolloids guar gum, locust bean gum, and xanthan gum. This work demonstrates the potential application of nonmigratory iron chelating active packaging in liquid and semi-liquid foods to allow for the removal of synthetic chelators, while maintaining food quality.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Massachusetts, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, Mass, 01003, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Maxine J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Massachusetts, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, Mass, 01003, U.S.A.|Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, Dept. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz Univ, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Decker
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Massachusetts, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, Mass, 01003, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Julie M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Goddard
mesh_terms: D002351:Carrageenan / Q000737:chemistry; D003102:Colloids; D005502:Food; D018857:Food Packaging / Q000379:methods*; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D063427:Food Quality; D005685:Galactans / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D008351:Mannans / Q000737:chemistry; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000737:chemistry; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D053149:Plant Gums / Q000737:chemistry*; D012996:Solutions; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D003102:Colloids; D005685:Galactans; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; D008351:Mannans; D053149:Plant Gums; D012996:Solutions; D002351:Carrageenan; D008747:Methylcellulose; D007501:Iron; C007894:guar gum; C017471:locust bean gum
keywords: active packaging; diffusion; hydroxamic acid; metal chelator; viscosity