title: Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of Three Self-etching Adhesives: An In-Vitro Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to determine and compare the shear bond strength of brackets bonded with Adper Promt self-etching adhesive (3M ESPE), Xeno III self-etching adhesive (DENSPLY), Transbond plus self-etching adhesive (3M) with that of conversional bonding procedure, and to calculate the adhesive remnant index (ARI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Totally, 60 maxillary premolar teeth were collected, and divided into Group I (Blue): Transbond™ XT primer, Group II (Purple): Adper™ Prompt™ self-etching adhesive, Group III (Orange): Xeno III® self-etching adhesive, Group IV (Pink): Tranbond™ Plus self-etching adhesive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of the study showed there was no statistical significance in the shear bond strength according to an analysis of variance (P = 0.207) of the four groups. The mean shear bond strength of Groups I, II, III, IV were 14.56 ± 2.97 Megapascals (MPa), 12.62 ± 2.48 MPa, 13.27 ± 3.16, and 12.64 ± 2.56, respectively. Chi-square comparison for the ARI indicated that there was a significant difference (P = 0.003) between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All the four self-etching adhesives showed clinically acceptable mean shear bond strength. The ARI score showed a self-etching adhesive the debonding occurred more within the adhesive interface leaving less composite adhesive on the tooth surface making it easy to clean up.
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Chandrashekhar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yadala
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, Australia.
authors.forename: Rajkumar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gaddam
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, Rajarajeswari Dental College & Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Siddarth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arya
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Baburamreddy
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Oral and maxillofacial Surgery, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: V Ramakrishnam
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Raju
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Praveen Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Varma
keywords: Adhesive remnant index score; self-etching adhesives; shear bond strength