title: Characterization of free and conjugated phenolic compounds in fruits of selected wild plants.
abstract: A gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method was utilized for the separation, and systematic characterization of phenolic compounds as trimethylsilyl derivatives in fruits of wild plants including Olive, Jujube and Common Fig. Both the free and conjugate phenolic acids (rarely determined before and several are reported first time here) were characterized. A baseline separation of the 20 phenolics was achieved in 25 min with standard calibration curves linear over the concentration range from the detection limits to 20 μg/mL. Total of fourteen phenolic acids were identified in wild Olive fruit, eight in wild Jujube fruit and ten in wild Common Fig fruit, out of which 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and trans-cinnamic acid were dominant in these fruits with concentration of 87.02, 5.25 and 14.16 mg/kg and 32.43, 5.77 and 11.70 mg/kg (dry weight), respectively. The results of this study support the utilization of the tested wild fruits as a potential source of valuable phenolics for functional food and nutraceutical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 41000, Pakistan; National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, NIBGE, PO Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Naveed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA. Electronic address: yzuo@umassd.edu.
authors.forename: Yuegang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaofei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 41000, Pakistan; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, PO Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Farooq
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Anwar
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, NIBGE, PO Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sohail
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hameed
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D010944:Plants
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; C017616:phenolic acid
keywords: Acid hydrolysis; Antioxidant; GC–MS; Phenolic acids; Wild plants