title: The Effectiveness of Cyberprogram 2.0 on Conflict Resolution Strategies and Self-Esteem.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In recent years, the problem of youth violence has been a cause of increasing concern for educational and mental health professionals worldwide. The main objective of the study was to evaluate experimentally the effects of an anti-bullying/cyberbullying program (Cyberprogram 2.0; Pirámide Publishing, Madrid, Spain) on conflict resolution strategies and self-esteem.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomly selected sample of 176 Spanish adolescents aged 13-15 years (93 experimental, 83 control) was employed. The study used a repeated measures pretest-posttest design with a control group. Before and after the program (19 one-hour sessions), two assessment instruments were administered: the questionnaire for measuring conflict management message styles and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analyses of covariance of the posttest scores confirmed that the program stimulated an increase of cooperative conflict resolution strategies, a decrease in aggressive and avoidant strategies, and an increase of self-esteem. The change was similar in both sexes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study provides evidence of the effectiveness of Cyberprogram 2.0 to improve the capacity for conflict resolution and self-esteem. The discussion focuses on the importance of implementing programs to promote socioemotional development and to prevent violence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain. Electronic address: maite.garaigordobil@ehu.es.
authors.forename: Maite
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garaigordobil
authors.affiliation: Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain.
authors.forename: Vanesa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martínez-Valderrey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D001362:Avoidance Learning; D058445:Bullying / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012649:Self Concept; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Adolescence; Conflict resolution; Cooperation; Cyberbullying; Self-esteem