title: Furostanolic saponins from Trigonella foenum-graecum alleviate diet-induced glucose intolerance and hepatic fat accumulation.
abstract: METHODS
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fenugreek furostanolic saponins (Fenfuro(TM) ) either alone or in combination with chlorogenic acid (GCB-70(TM) ) on insulin resistance in mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a normal or high-fat diet (HFD) and were randomly assigned to receive Fenfuro(TM) , GCB-70(TM) , or their combination for 24 wk. Metabolic parameters, glucose tolerance, serum triglycerides, cardiac function, and hepatic insulin signaling were evaluated using indirect open-circuit calorimetry, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, oil red O staining, echocardiography, and Western blotting, respectively. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test revealed glucose intolerance in the mice receiving HFD, which was attenuated by Fenfuro(TM) . Serum triglyceride that was elevated following an HFD was reconciled by both Fenfuro(TM) and the combination. HFD compromised myocardial contractile function, which was unaffected by the treatment. Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Protein kinase B (AKT) in the liver was attenuated in mice receiving HFD, which was partially rescued by GCB-70(TM) . Neither treatment altered metabolic parameters or energy expenditure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Collectively, our data suggest that fenugreek furostanolic saponins and green coffee bean extract may have potential benefits in treating insulin resistance and related conditions.
authors.affiliation: Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
authors.forename: Yinan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.affiliation: Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
authors.forename: Sidney Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
authors.forename: Olivia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.affiliation: Research & Development Division, Nutriwyo LLC, Laramie, WY, USA.
authors.forename: Rama P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.|Research & Development Division, Cepham Inc, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Debasis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bagchi
authors.affiliation: Research & Development Division, Cepham Inc, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Swaroop
authors.affiliation: Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
authors.forename: Sreejayan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nair
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D029910:Trigonella / Q000737:chemistry*; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D012503:Saponins; D014280:Triglycerides; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid
keywords: Fenugreek; Glucose Intolerance; Green coffee bean; Obesity