title: Midcarpal Instability: A Comprehensive Review and Update.
abstract: Midcarpal instability has been well described as a clinical entity but the pathokinematics and pathologic anatomy continue to be poorly understood. This article presents a comprehensive review of the existing knowledge and literature-based evidence for the diagnosis and management of the various entities comprising midcarpal instability. It discusses the limitations of the current understanding of midcarpal instability and proposes new directions for furthering knowledge of the causes and treatment of midcarpal instability and wrist pathomechanics in general.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, John Peter Smith Hospital Network, 1500 South Main, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niacaris
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, John Peter Smith Hospital Network, 1500 South Main, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA.
authors.forename: Bryan W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Ming
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, John Peter Smith Hospital Network, 1500 South Main, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA. Electronic address: dlichtman@jpshealth.org.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Lichtman
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002348:Carpal Bones / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014955:Wrist Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Ligament; Midcarpal instability; Snapping; Wrist injury