title: Orthopedic complications in diabetes.
abstract: Diabetes is associated with a number of lower extremity orthopedic conditions and complications including fractures, Charcot neuroarthropathy, plantar ulcers, and infection. These complications are of significant clinical concern in terms of morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic costs. A review of each condition is discussed, with particular emphasis on the clinical importance, diagnostic considerations, and orthopedic treatment recommendations. The goal of the article is to provide a clinical picture of the challenges that orthopedic surgeons confront, and highlight the need for specific clinical guidelines in diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, United States. Electronic address: daniel.gehling@utoledo.edu.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gehling
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, United States; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, United States; Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, United States.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lecka-Czernik
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, United States.
authors.forename: Nabil A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Ebraheim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans
keywords: Ankle fractures; Charcot neuroarthropathy; Diabetes; Hip fractures; Infection; Orthopedic complications; Plantar ulcers