title: Comparison of honey with ethanol as an oral cytological fixative: A pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The fixation of cytological smears using ethanol is the gold standard. But, there exists a quench to search a new alternative for it due to it being expensive, carcinogenic and not freely available. Honey has various properties, like dehydrant, anti-bacterial and antioxidant. The use of honey as a preservative in funerary practices is well documented. A thorough search in the literature did not reveal any matter for the utility of honey as a fixative in cytological smear, but its use in histopathology is well recognized.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the efficacy of cytological smears fixed in ethanol and 20% unprocessed honey and to compare the efficacy between the two fixatives.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group comprised of 30 normal healthy individuals who willingly gave written consent. Prior to the collection of buccal cells, subjects were asked to rinse their mouth with water. Buccal cells were collected using a wooden ice cream stick. Two smears were collected from each subject. One smear was fixed in ethanol and the other was fixed in unprocessed 20% honey. The slides were washed in tap water for about 30 s, following which they were subjected to the conventional Papanicolaou staining procedure. The slides thus fixed were evaluated separately for ethanol and honey. The cytoplasmic and nuclear details were scored for 50 cells in each slide. Data were statistically analyzed using the chi-square test and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety percent of the ethanol-fixed (EF) smears were adequately fixed as compared with the honey-fixed (HF) smears, which were 80% adequate. The P-value obtained was 0.47 and the data were statistically insignificant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both EF and HF smears were at par with each other, and honey can be safely used as a substitute to ethanol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, Navodaya Dental College, Raichur, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Amita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, Navodaya Dental College, Raichur, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Santosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hunasgi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, Navodaya Dental College, Raichur, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Anila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koneru
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, Navodaya Dental College, Raichur, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vanishree
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, Navodaya Dental College, Raichur, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Surekha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramalu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, Navodaya Dental College, Raichur, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Vardendra
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Manvikar
keywords: Cytological fixatives; ethanol; honey; papanicolaou stain