title: Manure biochar influence upon soil properties, phosphorus distribution and phosphatase activities: A microcosm incubation study.
abstract: Using manure-derived-biochar as an alternative phosphorus (P) source has bright future prospects to improve soil P status. A 98-day microcosm incubation experiment was set up for two soils which were amended with manure biochar at proportions of 0, 0.5% and 1.5%. Swine manure samples were air-dried and manure biochar was prepared by pyrolysis at 400 °C for 4 h. As determined by P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance ((31)P NMR) spectroscopy, manure biochar mainly increased the contents and fractions of orthophosphate and pyrophosphate in two soils, while decreased those of monoesters (P<0.05). At the end of incubation, 1.5% of manure biochar raised soil pH by 0.5 and 0.6 units, cation exchange capacity by 16.9% and 32.2%, and soil total P by 82.1% and 81.1% for silt loam and clay loam soils, respectively, as compared with those soils without biochar. Simultaneously, 1.5% of manure biochar decreased acid phosphomonoesterase activities by 18.6% and 34.0% for clay loam and silt loam, respectively; while it increased alkaline phosphomonoesterase activities by 28.5% and 95.1% for clay loam and silt loam, respectively. The enhancement of soil P availability after manure biochar addition was firstly due to the orthophosphate and pyrophosphate as the major P species in manure biochar which directly increased contents of soil inorganic P, and also attributed to the decomposition of some organic P like monoesters by enhanced alkaline phosphomonoesterase activities from manure biochar addition.
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: 11114031@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: liang410@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xinqiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Miaomiao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guangming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiyan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis*; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D008372:Manure; D012987:Soil; C540010:biochar; D002606:Charcoal; D010758:Phosphorus; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases
keywords: Acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterase; Phosphorus species; Solution P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Swine manure biochar