title: The emerging role of the androgen receptor in bladder cancer.
abstract: Men are three to four times more likely to get bladder cancer than women. The gender disparity characterizing bladder cancer diagnoses has been investigated. One hypothesis is that androgen receptor (AR) signaling is involved in the etiology and progression of this disease. Although bladder cancer is not typically described as an endocrine-related malignancy, it has become increasingly clear that AR signaling plays a role in bladder tumors. This review summarizes current findings regarding the role of the AR in bladder cancer. We discuss work demonstrating AR expression in bladder cancer and its role in promoting formation and progression of tumors. Additionally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting the AR in this disease.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System Mather, California, USA Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Biochemistry Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Group and Biotechnology Program, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Tupper Hall 3147, UC Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System Mather, California, USA Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Biochemistry Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Group and Biotechnology Program, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Tupper Hall 3147, UC Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System Mather, California, USA Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Biochemistry Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Group and Biotechnology Program, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Tupper Hall 3147, UC Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA mmudryj@ucdavis.edu aplombard@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: Alan P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Lombard
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System Mather, California, USA Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Biochemistry Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Group and Biotechnology Program, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Tupper Hall 3147, UC Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System Mather, California, USA Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Biochemistry Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Group and Biotechnology Program, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Tupper Hall 3147, UC Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA mmudryj@ucdavis.edu aplombard@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mudryj
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C410798:AR protein, human; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011944:Receptors, Androgen
keywords: androgen receptor; bladder cancer; endocrine therapy