title: Aum Shinrikyo's Chemical and Biological Weapons: More Than Sarin.
abstract: The radical religious group Aum Shinrikyo was founded in Japan in the 1980s and grew rapidly in the 1990s. Aum members perpetrated a mass murder in Matsumoto City in 1994, where they used sarin as a chemical weapon to poison approximately 500 civilians. On March 20, 1995, Aum deployed sarin in an even larger terrorist attack on the Tokyo Subway System, which poisoned some 6,000 people. After the Tokyo Subway attack, the Japanese Police arrested the sect's senior members. From 2005 through 2011, 13 of these senior members were sentenced to death. In this article, aspects of Aum's chemical and biological terrorism are reviewed. Sarin production efforts by the sect are described, including how the degradation product of sarin in soil, methylphosphonic acid, enabled the detection of sarin production sites. Also, Aum's chemical-warfare agents other than sarin are described, as are its biological weapons. The author was permitted by the Japanese government to interview Dr. Tomomasa Nakagawa, one of the senior members of Aum Shinrikyo. From Dr. Nakagawa the author obtained valuable inside information about Aum's chemical and biological weapons programs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA. atucsu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Tu
keywords: Aum Shinrikyo; Shoko Asahara; Tokyo Subway attack; Tomomasa Nakagawa; biological terrorism; chemical terrorism; sarin terrorism