title: Clinical, Psychopathological, and Personality Characteristics Associated with ADHD among Individuals Seeking Treatment for Gambling Disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (1) To assess the current presence of ADHD symptoms among patients seeking treatment for gambling disorder; (2) to explore clinical and sociodemographic differences between patients who score high and low on the measure of ADHD symptoms; (3) to analyze whether the presence of ADHD symptoms is associated with more severe psychopathology and with specific personality traits; (4) to analyze the mediating role of ADHD symptoms in the relationship between novelty seeking and gambling severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 354 consecutive patients were administered an extensive battery assessing gambling behavior, psychopathology, and personality traits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Male and female gamblers did not differ significantly in their mean scores on the ADHD measure. However, younger participants aged 18-35 scored higher. Higher ADHD scores were also associated with greater severity of gambling disorder and more general psychopathology. Regarding personality traits, high persistence and self-directedness were negatively related to ADHD scores, while in women alone a positive correlation was found between ADHD scores and scores on harm avoidance and self-transcendence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of ADHD symptoms in both male and female gambling disorder patients may act as an indicator of the severity of gambling, general psychopathology, and dysfunctional personality traits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08097 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aymamí
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08097 Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Murcia
authors.affiliation: CIBER Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 08907 Barcelona, Spain ; Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Granero
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 08907 Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ramos-Quiroga
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08097 Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fernández-Aranda
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Claes
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08097 Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Addictology and Psychiatry, University Hospital of Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sauvaget
authors.affiliation: Department of Addictology and Psychiatry, University Hospital of Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grall-Bronnec
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08097 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gómez-Peña
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08097 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Savvidou
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08097 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Fagundo
authors.affiliation: Departament d'Infermeria de Salut Pública, Salut Mental i Maternoinfantil, Escola Universitària d'Infermeria, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: del Pino-Gutierrez
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08097 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moragas
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 08907 Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Casas
authors.affiliation: Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Penelo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08097 Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Menchón
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010551:Personality