title: One year in review: the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex scenario that, to date, is not fully elucidated. However, scientific progress has enabled us to understand several mechanisms underlying the development of the disease. The breakdown of self-tolerance in genetically predisposed individuals and the aberrant activation of innate and adaptive immune responses culminate in synovial hyperplasia and bone destruction. In addition, extra-articular manifestations, as well as the burden of increased cardiovascular risk (CVR), in patients with RA represent another interesting aspect of RA pathogenesis under intense investigation. The purpose of this review article is to provide an overview of the new insights in RA pathogenesis summarising the most relevant studies published over the last year.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Picerno
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferro
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adinolfi
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Valentini
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tani
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alunno
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D012307:Risk Factors; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000473:pathology