title: (1)H NMR based metabolomics approach to study the toxic effects of dichlorvos on goldfish (Carassius auratus).
abstract: Dichlorvos (DDVP), one of the most widely used organophosphorus pesticides (OPs), has caused serious pollution in environment. In this study, (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based metabolomics approach combined with histopathological and immunohistochemical examination, and biochemical assays were used to investigate toxicities of DDVP on goldfish (Carassius auratus). After 10 days' exposure of DDVP at three dosages of 5.18, 2.59 and 1.73 mg/L, goldfish tissues (gill, brain, liver and kidney) and serum were collected. Histopathology revealed severe impairment of gills, livers and kidneys, and immunohistochemistry disclosed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive reactive astrocytes in brains. Orthogonal signal correction-partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OSC-PLS-DA) of NMR profiles disclosed that DDVP influenced many metabolites (glutamate, aspartate, acetylcholine, 4-aminobutyrate, glutathione, AMP and lactate in brain; glutathione, glucose, histamine in liver; BCAAs, AMP, aspartate, glutamate, riboflavin in kidney) dose-dependently, involved with imbalance of neurotransmitters, oxidative stress, and disorders of energy and amino acid metabolism. Several self-protection mechanisms concerning glutamate degradation and glutathione (GSH) redox system were found in DDVP intoxicated goldfish.
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
authors.forename: Ming-Hui
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
authors.forename: Hua-Dong
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
authors.forename: Ai-Qun
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
authors.forename: Jian-Fa
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China. Electronic address: wang.junsong@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jun-Song
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004006:Dichlorvos / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D054750:Ecotoxicology; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006054:Goldfish / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D004006:Dichlorvos; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Dichlorvos; Goldfish; Metabolomics; NMR; Toxicity