title: Molecular Identification of Candida Species Isolated from Onychomycosis in Shanghai, China.
abstract: Candida is a common cause of onychomycosis, especially for fingernail onychomycosis. In this study, two simple PCR-based assays combined with the internal transcribed spacers sequencing were performed to reveal the prevalence of Candida species including emerging species in onychomycosis, and triazole antifungal susceptibility profiles for Candida species were also evaluated. Among 210 Candida strains isolated from onychomycosis, Candida parapsilosis was the most common species (54.3%), followed by C. albicans (23.3%) and C. metapsilosis (9.5%). However, C. metapsilosis became the second leading species in toenail onychomycosis and accounted for 19.5% of Candida isolates from toenail samples. C. nivariensis, an emerging species, was firstly recovered from a toenail sample. Other emerging species such as C. orthopsilosis, C. pararugosa and C. fabryi were also identified by molecular tools. C. metapsilosis isolates exhibited significantly higher fluconazole minimum inhibitory concentrations than those exhibited by C. parapsilosis and C. albicans (P < 0.001). This study provides insight into the prevalence, distribution and susceptibility profiles of Candida species including emerging Candida species in onychomycosis.
authors.affiliation: Medical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Medical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: Medical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xianwei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wanqing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China. panweihua@medmail.com.cn.
authors.forename: Weihua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Medical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China. dermatology.yao@sohu.com.
authors.forename: Zhirong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D014009:Onychomycosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D014230:Triazoles
keywords: Candida; Molecular typing; Onychomycosis; Polymerase chain reaction