title: Renal related disorders in concomitant Schistosoma haematobium-Plasmodium falciparum infection among children in a rural community of Nigeria.
abstract: Schistosomiasis and malaria are two common parasitic diseases that are co-endemic in resource-poor communities of sub-Saharan Africa. This study aims to assess the effects of single and concomitant Plasmodium falciparum and Schistosoma haematobium infections on two indicators of renal injury in school children in a rural community of Nigeria. A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was carried out on a total of 173 schoolchildren between ages 6 and 18 years (mean age 11.4±2.6 years). Urine and blood samples were collected by standard methods for concurrent microscopic diagnosis of S. haematobium and P. falciparum infections. Urinary blood (hematuria) and protein were determined using a urinalysis dipstick. The prevalence of single infections was 75.1% and 78.2% for S. haematobium and P. falciparum, respectively. A total of 57.1% individuals were infected with the two parasites. The prevalence of hematuria was significantly higher in the co-infection status (63.8%) than in single S. haematobium (52.2%) and P. falciparum (43.7%) infection statuses (p=0.04), while no significant variation was recorded in proteinuria in the three infection statuses (p=0.53). The proportion of children with renal injury associated with the co-infection of these parasites is very high, particularly in young children, who seem to have a higher prevalence of hematuria.
authors.affiliation: Parasitology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Electronic address: jumokemorenikeji@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Olajumoke A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Morenikeji
authors.affiliation: Parasitology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ituna E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Eleng
authors.affiliation: Parasitology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Omotayo S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Atanda
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria. Electronic address: zootund@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Oyetunde T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Oyeyemi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006417:Hematuria / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D012424:Rural Population; D012553:Schistosomiasis haematobia / Q000150:complications*; D013334:Students; D016482:Urinalysis
keywords: Abnormal urinary blood; Concomitant infection; Plasmodium falciparum; Proteinuria; Schistosoma haematobium