title: The CCR5Δ32 (rs333) polymorphism is not a predisposing factor for severe pandemic influenza in the Brazilian admixed population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have tried to identify host genetic variants that could explain severe cases and deaths in infection with Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, especially among children and young adults. CCR5 is a chemokine receptor expressed on T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, which is an important mediator of leukocyte chemotaxis during the immune response. A deletion mutation (Δ32) in this gene interferes with the response of immune cells, impairing viral clearance. We evaluated the CCR5Δ32 polymorphism (rs333) in individuals of the Brazilian admixed population with a diagnosis of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 330 subjects with a diagnosis of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, evaluated at health services in the northern and northeastern regions of Brazil between June 2009 and August 2010, were genotyped for the Δ32 deletion (rs333). The cases were classified according to the progression of infection into a group of hospitalized patients (n = 156) and a group of non-hospitalized patients (n = 174).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences in the allele or genotype frequencies of the CCR5Δ32 polymorphism were observed between non-hospitalized and hospitalized patients (p = 0.289 and p = 0.431, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Δ32 deletion in the CCR5 gene is not associated with an unfavorable outcome in patients infected with Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in the Brazilian admixed population.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Cidade Universitária Prof. José da Silveira Neto, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, BOX: 8615, Belém, Pará, CEP: 66.075-970, Brazil. alvimaestri@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Alvino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maestri
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil. mirleidesantos@iec.pa.gov.br.
authors.forename: Mirleide Cordeiro
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Cidade Universitária Prof. José da Silveira Neto, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, BOX: 8615, Belém, Pará, CEP: 66.075-970, Brazil. elze_mar@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Elzemar M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ribeiro-Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Tropical Medicine Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil. wyllermello@iec.pa.gov.br.
authors.forename: Wyller Alencar
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: de Mello
authors.affiliation: Tropical Medicine Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil. ritasousa@iec.pa.gov.br.
authors.forename: Rita Catarina Medeiros
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Cidade Universitária Prof. José da Silveira Neto, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, BOX: 8615, Belém, Pará, CEP: 66.075-970, Brazil. sidneysantos@ufpa.br.
authors.forename: Sidney Emanuel
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Center of Cancer Research, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil. vsortica@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Vinicius Albuquerque
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Sortica
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001483:Base Sequence; D001938:Brazil; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000235:genetics*; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: C584933:CCR5 protein, human; D019713:Receptors, CCR5