title: Rosette Nanotubes Alter IgE-Mediated Degranulation in the Rat Basophilic Leukemia (RBL)-2H3 Cell Line.
abstract: In this study, the effects of rosette nanotube (RNT) exposure on immune cell viability and function were investigated in vitro using the rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-2H3 cell line. RBL-2H3 viability was decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner after lysine-functionalized RNT (K-RNT) exposure. In addition, K-RNTs had a significant effect on RBL-2H3 degranulation. When K-RNT exposure was concurrent with IgE sensitization, 50 and 100 mg l(-1) K-RNTs elicited a heightened degranulatory response compared with IgE alone. Exposure to 50 and 100 mg l(-1) K-RNTs also caused degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells not sensitized with IgE (0 ng ml(-1) IgE). Furthermore, in cells preexposed to K-RNTs for 2 h and subsequently washed, sensitized, and stimulated with IgE, a potentiated degranulatory response was observed. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy and a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-functionalized RNT construct (termed FITC(1)/TBL(19)-RNT), we demonstrated a strong and direct affiliation between RNTs and RBL-2H3 cell membranes. We also demonstrated cellular internalization of RNTs after 2 h of exposure. Together, these data demonstrate that RNTs may affiliate with the cellular membrane of RBL-2H3 cells and can be internalized. These interactions can affect viability and alter the ability of these cells to elicit IgE-FcεR mediated degranulation.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E9; ede@ualberta.ca.
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ede
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E9;
authors.forename: Van A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E9;
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Nanotechnology, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2M9; and.
authors.forename: Rachel L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Beingessner
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Nanotechnology, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2M9; and.
authors.forename: Usha D
authors.initials: UD
authors.lastname: Hemraz
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, 313 Snell Engineering Center, 360 Huntington Avenue, Northeastern University, Boston, Maryland 02115.
authors.forename: Hicham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fenniri
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E9;
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stafford
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E9; National Institute for Nanotechnology, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2M9; and.
authors.forename: Greg G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Goss
mesh_terms: D065567:Absorption, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D015549:Basophil Degranulation Test; D001491:Basophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004337:Drug Carriers; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000737:chemistry; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D017930:Genes, Reporter / Q000187:drug effects; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000378:metabolism*; D008239:Lysine / Q000737:chemistry; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D013499:Surface Properties; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; D008239:Lysine
keywords: degranulation; inflammation; nanotoxicology; rosette nanotubes; self-assembly