title: Mycorrhizal synthesis between Lactarius deliciosus and Arbutus unedo L.
abstract: Arbutoid mycorrhizae were synthesized in vitro between Arbutus unedo L. and two isolates of Lactarius deliciosus. The fungal isolates were obtained from sporocarps collected under Pinus sylvestris and in a mixed forest stand of Quercus suber and Pinus pinea. Synthesis tubes filled with a mixture of sterilized peat, vermiculite, and perlite imbibed with nutrient solution were used. Two inoculation methods using solid and liquid media were tested. Shoots from an adult selected clone of A. unedo were used after in vitro rooting by auxin dipping. After 3 months of shoots transfer to the substrate, the root systems were examined for arbutoid mycorrhizae formation and later on ex vitro conditions, 9 months after acclimatization. The inoculum treatment with liquid medium improved the mycorrhizal development for both isolates, in vitro. Sterilized substrate for plant acclimatization increased the mycorrhizal development. The arbutoid mycorrhizae were observed in vitro as well as 9 months after acclimatization. Standard arbutoid mycorrhiza features were observed: pale yellow mantle, typical cruciform appearance, Hartig net (HN), and intracellular hyphal complexes, both confined to the epidermis. L. deliciosus mycorrhizae synthetized in vitro persisted 9 months after plant acclimatization. Morphological observations were confirmed by molecular techniques.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Escola Superior Agrária, CERNAS, Bencanta, 3040-316, Coimbra, Portugal. fgomes@esac.pt.
authors.forename: Filomena
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Escola Superior Agrária, CERNAS, Bencanta, 3040-316, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Suárez
authors.affiliation: Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Escola Superior Agrária, CERNAS, Bencanta, 3040-316, Coimbra, Portugal.|GREENCLON LDA, R. António Jardim No 24 R/c D to Frente, 3000-035, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Av. República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159, Oeiras, Portugal.
authors.forename: Márcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Av. República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159, Oeiras, Portugal.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gaspar
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Av. República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159, Oeiras, Portugal.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Machado
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization; D000363:Agaricales / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D029791:Ericaceae / Q000382:microbiology*; D025301:Hyphae / Q000254:growth & development; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D028223:Pinus / Q000382:microbiology; D041605:Pinus sylvestris / Q000382:microbiology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000382:microbiology; D014197:Trees / Q000382:microbiology
keywords: Arbutoid mycorrhizae; Ex vitro persistence; Pure culture synthesis; Strawberry tree