title: Dietary intake of 20 polyphenol subclasses in a cohort of UK women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Establishing and linking the proposed health benefits of dietary polyphenols to their consumption requires measurement of polyphenol intake in appropriate samples and an understanding of factors that influence their intake in the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study examined polyphenol intake estimated from 3- and 7-day food diaries in a sample of 246 UK women aged 18-50 years. Estimation of the intake of 20 polyphenol subclasses commonly present in foods consumed by the sample studied was done using Phenol-Explorer(®) and USDA polyphenol databases. Women were participants in the Leeds Women's Wellbeing Study (LWW) (n = 143), a dietary intervention study aimed at overweight women (mean age 37.2 ± 9.4 years; mean BMI 30.8 ± 3.1 kg/m(2)), and the Diet and Health Study (DH) (n = 103) which aimed to examine the relationship between polyphenol intake and cognitive function (mean age 25.0 ± 9.0 years; mean BMI 24.5 ± 4.6 kg/m(2)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The estimated intake of polyphenol subclasses was significantly different between the two samples (p < 0.01) with consumption of 1292 ± 844 and 808 ± 680 mg/day for the LWW and DH groups, respectively. Flavanols and hydroxycinnamic acids were the most important contributors to the polyphenols consumed by both groups, owing to tea and coffee consumption. Other major polyphenol food sources included fruits, vegetables and processed foods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Older women consumed more polyphenol-containing foods and beverages, which was due to the higher coffee and tea consumption amongst the LWW participants.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, School of Food Science and Nutrition, Woodhouse Lane, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK.|Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Healthcare Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hanis Mastura
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Yahya
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, School of Food Science and Nutrition, Woodhouse Lane, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Day
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK.
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lawton
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK.
authors.forename: Kyriaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Myrissa
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK.
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Croden
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dye
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, School of Food Science and Nutrition, Woodhouse Lane, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK. G.Williamson@leeds.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Williamson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000145:classification*; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry; D006113:United Kingdom; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D005419:Flavonoids; D059808:Polyphenols; D013662:Tea
keywords: Flavonoids; Food diary; Phenol-Explorer; Phenolic acids; Polyphenols