title: Genetic and Non-Genetic Determinants of Circulating Levels of Adiponectin in a Cohort of Chilean Subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low adiponectin levels have been associated with obesity, diabetes, coronary disease and polymorphisms. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and genetic factors related to adiponectin levels in a Chilean adult population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four groups of 27 individuals, stratified by gender and abdominal obesity, were included in this cross-sectional study. Physical activity level, cardiovascular risk factors and therapy were assessed. Anthropometric measurements, adiponectin, glucose, insulin, hs-CRP, rs1501299, rs2241766, rs266729 and rs17300539 single nucleotide polymorphisms of the adiponectin gene were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adiponectin levels were inversely correlated with waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, weight, body mass index, insulin levels, homeostasis model insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and physical activity. Mean adiponectin levels were lower in men (10.1 ± 3.6 vs 11.9 ± 2.9 μg/mL, p = 0.0051), obese (9.9 ± 3.2 vs 12.1 ± 3.3, p < 0.01), physically inactive (8.9 ± 3.2 vs 11.0 ± 2.8, p = 0.015) and insulin-resistant individuals (10.2 ± 3.1 vs 12.9 ± 3.9; p = 0.005). Adiponectin levels were lower in subjects with GG genotype (rs1501299) compared with those with TT or GT variants (6.9 ± 4.6 vs 12.2 ± 2.9 and 11.5 ± 3.4 μg/mL, p = 0.006) but were similar in the other polymorphisms studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower adiponectin levels were related to gender, abdominal obesity, physical activity and insulin resistance and were less influenced by the polymorphisms studied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile, fernando.lanas@ufrontera.cl.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lanas
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Serón
authors.forename: Nicolás
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saavedra
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruedlinger
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salazar
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002677:Chile; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin