title: Fever after lung radiofrequency ablation: Prospective evaluation of its incidence and associated factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively investigate the incidence of post-lung radiofrequency (RF) ablation fever as well as its associated factors, according to the grade of fever.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 56 patients who underwent 67 lung RF sessions were analyzed. Post-ablation fever (≥ 37.0°C) was graded according to the common toxicity criteria of adverse events v. 4.0. Fever ≥ 37.0°C and <38.0°C was defined as grade 0 fever. The 67 RF sessions were divided into two groups according to the presence of post-ablation fever, and the factors associated with fever were determined using univariate and multivariate analyses. Subsequently, the RF sessions accompanied by post-ablation fever were further divided into two groups according to the grade of fever (grade 0 vs. grade ≥ 1), and the factors associated with the grade of fever were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Grade 0, 1, and 2 fever accompanied 36 (54%), 11 (16%), and 2 (3%) sessions, respectively. Post-ablation fever was significantly associated with larger ablated parenchymal volume (P=0.001) and development of pulmonary infiltration (P=0.004). Additionally, development of pulmonary infiltration (P=0.048) was also significantly and independently associated with higher grade of fever in the multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidences of grade 0, 1, and 2 post-ablation fever were 54%, 16%, and 3%, respectively. Larger ablated parenchymal volume and development of pulmonary infiltration were found to be associated with the development of post-ablation fever, with the latter being an independent factor associated with higher grade of fever.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Kita-ku Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. Electronic address: ymsok88222@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Masaoka
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Kita-ku Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. Electronic address: takaoh@tc4.so-net.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hiraki
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Kita-ku Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. Electronic address: gobara@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gobara
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Kita-ku Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. Electronic address: iguchi@ba2.so-net.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iguchi
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Kita-ku Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. Electronic address: hirofujiwar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Kita-ku Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. Electronic address: wckyh140@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.affiliation: Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Kita-ku Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. Electronic address: toyooka@md.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toyooka
authors.affiliation: Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Kita-ku Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. Electronic address: soh-j@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soh
authors.affiliation: Departments of Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Kita-ku Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. Electronic address: kkiura@md.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kiura
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Kita-ku Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. Electronic address: susumu@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015984:Causality; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies
keywords: Fever; Lung; Pulmonary infiltration; Radiofrequency ablation