title: Targeted narrowband intense pulsed light on cutaneous vasculature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laser based therapies are the standard treatment protocol for port wine stain in the United States, but complete removal is infrequently achieved. Intense pulsed light (IPL) offers a broadband light spectrum approach as a viable treatment alternative. Previous studies suggest that IPL can be more effective in treatment of port wine stain by utilizing multiple wavelengths to selectively target different peaks in oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin. Our study objectives were to (i) determine a characteristic radiant exposure able to achieve persistent vascular shutdown with narrowband IPL irradiation, (ii) determine the degree to which narrowband IPL irradiation can achieve persistent vascular shutdown, and (iii) compare the effectiveness of narrowband IPL radiation to single wavelength pulsed dye laser (PDL) irradiation in achieving persistent vascular shutdown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We utlized either single pulse or double, stacked pulses in narrowband IPL experiments, with the IPL operating over a 500-600 nm wavelength range on the rodent dorsal window chamber model. We compared the results from our narrowband IPL experiments to acquired PDL data from a previous study and determined that narrowband IPL treatments can also produce persistent vascular shutdown. We ran Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the relationship between absorbed energy, wavelength, and penetration depth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For single and double pulse narrowband IPL irradiation we observed (i) little to no change in blood flow, resulting in no persistent vascular shutdown, (ii) marked acute disruption in blood flow and vascular structure, followed by partial to full recovery of blood flow, also resulting in no persistent vascular shutdown, and (iii) immediate changes in blood flow and vascular structure, resulting in prolonged and complete vascular shutdown. Monte Carlo modeling resulted in a 53.2% and 69.0% higher absorbed energy distribution in the top half and the total simulated vessel when comparing the composite narrowband IPL to the 595 nm (PDL), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data collectively demonstrate the potential to achieve removal of vascular lesions using a 500-600 nm range. Additionally, the narrowband IPL was tuned to optimize a specific wavelength range that can be used to treat PWS, whereas the PDL can only operate at one discrete wavelength.
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, California.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California.
authors.forename: Wesley J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Moy
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, California.
authors.forename: Joshua D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Yakel
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, California.
authors.forename: O Cecilia
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Osorio
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, California.
authors.forename: Jocelynda
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salvador
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, California.|Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, California.
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, California.|Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, California.|Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California.
authors.forename: Kristen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, California.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California.|Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California.|Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, California.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D062325:Intense Pulsed Light Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D054025:Lasers, Dye / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D019339:Port-Wine Stain / Q000628:therapy*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply / Q000528:radiation effects*
keywords: Laser speckle imaging; Photocoagulation; Photothrombosis; Selective; photothermolysis