title: Oral health-related quality-of-life among children in Swedish dental care: The impact from malocclusions or orthodontic treatment need.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe oral health-related quality-of-life (OHRQoL) and the impact of malocclusions or orthodontic treatment need in a cohort of children in Swedish dental care, using the Swedish version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire-Impact Short Form (CPQ11-14-ISF:16).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and fifty-seven children (mean age = 11.5 years, SD = 0.8, range = 9.8-13.5 years) completed the CPQ11-14-ISF:16 in conjunction with a clinical examination. In addition to malocclusions and orthodontic treatment need (based on the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need-Dental Health Component), possible confounders (caries, enamel defects, dental trauma, headache and socio-economic markers) were recorded. Children also rated their own dental fear on the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Sub-scale (CFSS-DS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean total CPQ11-14-ISF:16 score was 9.31. The logistic regression analyses revealed an impact of orthodontic treatment need on OHRQoL (CPQ), but no clear association between higher severity and higher impact on OHRQoL was seen. Dental fear and headache appeared to discriminate for poorer OHRQoL. No impact from caries, enamel defects, dental trauma, or socio-economic markers was revealed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This cohort of children reported good self-perceived OHRQoL. Effects on OHRQoL from malocclusions or orthodontic treatment need were limited and inconsistent. Dental fear and headache were found to be more distinct impact factors on OHRQoL than were malocclusions or orthodontic treatment need.
authors.affiliation: a 1 Department of Orthodontics, Postgraduate Dental Education Center, Region Örebro County , Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lillemor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dimberg
authors.affiliation: b 2 Postgraduate Dental Education Center, Region Örebro County, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University , Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: Bertil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lennartsson
authors.affiliation: c 3 Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University , Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bondemark
authors.affiliation: d 4 Postgraduate Dental Education Center, Region Örebro County, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University , Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arnrup
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004245:DMF Index; D016854:Dental Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D003729:Dental Care; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000523:psychology; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000002:abnormalities; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D061326:Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000523:psychology*; D009909:Oral Health; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012649:Self Concept; D012923:Social Class; D013548:Sweden; D018677:Tooth Injuries / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Child; cross-sectional study; orthodontics