title: Thermoresponsive latexes for fragrance encapsulation and release.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To synthesize cross-linked latex particles protecting the encapsulated fragrance at ambient temperatures and facilitating the release of cargo at the temperature of the surface of the skin that varies in different regions of the body between 33.5 and 36.9°C. Poly(stearyl acrylate) (PSA), a polymer with long crystallizable alkyl side chains (undergoes order-disorder transitions at 45°C), was chosen as the main component of the polymer particles. As a result, new thermoresponsive polymer particles for fragrance encapsulation were synthesized and characterized, including assessing the performance of particles in triggered release by elevated temperature.
  
  
  METHODS
  To obtain network domains of various crystallinity, stearyl acrylate was copolymerized with dipropylene glycol acrylate caprylate (DGAC) (comonomer) in the presence of a dipropylene glycol diacrylate sebacate (cross-linker) using the miniemulsion process. Comonomers and a cross-linker were mixed directly in a fragrance during polymerization. Fragrance release was evaluated at 25, 31, 35 and 39°C to demonstrate a new material potential in personal/health care skin-related applications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Particles protect the fragrance from evaporation at 25°C. The fragrance release rate gradually increases at 31, 35 and 39°C. Two slopes were found on release plots. The first slope corresponds to a rapid fragrance release. The second slope indicates a subsequent reduction in the release rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Crystalline-to-amorphous transition of PSA triggers the release of fragrances from cross-linked latex particles at elevated temperatures. The presence of the encapsulated fragrance, as well as the inclusion of amorphous fragments in the polymer network, reduces the particle crystallinity and enhances the release. Release profiles can be tuned by temperature and controlled by the amount of loaded fragrance and the ratio of comonomers in the feed mixture.
authors.affiliation: Coatings and Polymeric Materials Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Popadyuk
authors.affiliation: Coatings and Polymeric Materials Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Popadyuk
authors.affiliation: Organic Chemistry Department, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, 79013, Ukraine.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kohut
authors.affiliation: Coatings and Polymeric Materials Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Voronov
mesh_terms: D007840:Latex / Q000737:chemistry*; D010476:Perfume
chemical_list: D007840:Latex; D010476:Perfume
keywords: delivery; emulsions; formulation/stability; polymers