title: Cytokine Signature in Infective Endocarditis.
abstract: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a severe disease with high mortality rate. Cytokines participate in its pathogenesis and may contribute to early diagnosis improving the outcome. This study aimed to evaluate the cytokine profile in IE. Serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured by cytometric bead array (CBA) at diagnosis in 81 IE patients, and compared with 34 healthy subjects and 30 patients with non-IE infections, matched to the IE patients by age and gender. Mean age of the IE patients was 47±17 years (range, 15-80 years), and 40 (50%) were male. The IE patients had significantly higher serum concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α as compared to the healthy individuals. The median levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-12 were higher in the IE than in the non-IE infections group. TNF-α and IL-12 levels were higher in staphylococcal IE than in the non-staphylococcal IE subgroup. There was a higher proportion of both low IL-10 producers and high producers of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-12 in the staphylococcal IE than in the non-staphylococcal IE subgroup. This study reinforces a relationship between the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, especially IL-1β, IL-12 and TNF-α, and the pathogenesis of IE. A lower production of IL-10 and impairment in cytokine network may reflect the severity of IE and may be useful for risk stratification.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Izabella Rodrigues
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Teresa Cristina Abreu
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andréa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teixeira-Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Campi-Azevedo
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luan Vieira
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Milton Henriques
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Guimarães Júnior
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thais Lins Souza
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cláudio Léo
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Gelape
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giovane Rodrigo
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Carmo Pereira
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Nunes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004696:Endocarditis / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines