title: Identification of intranuclear inclusions is useful for the cytological diagnosis of ovarian clear cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to clarify the diagnostic significance of the presence of intranuclear inclusions in clear cell carcinoma (CCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 98 imprint specimens and 53 ascites specimens from 98 ovarian carcinoma cases [28 CCCs, 37 serous carcinomas (SCs), 22 endometrioid carcinomas (ECs), and 11 mucinous carcinomas (MCs)]. We examined (1) frequency of intranuclear inclusion-positive cases of each ovarian carcinoma subtype, using imprint specimens, (2) frequency of intranuclear inclusion-positive cells of each ovarian carcinoma subtype, using imprint specimens, (3) frequency of intranuclear inclusion-positive cases of each ovarian carcinoma subtype, using ascites specimens, and (4) sensitivity and specificity of the presence of intranuclear inclusions for the cytological diagnosis of CCC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) The frequency of intranuclear inclusion-positive cases in CCC (96.4%) was significantly higher than in SC (13.5%), EC (13.6%), and MC (18.2%) (P < 0.001). Two or more intranuclear inclusions in a single nucleus were observed only in CCC. (2) The frequency of intranuclear inclusion-positive cells in CCC (median, 0.41%) was significantly higher than in non-CCC subtypes (0.010%) (P < 0.001). (3) Using ascites specimens, the frequency of intranuclear inclusion-positive cases in CCC (78.6%) was significantly higher than in SC (10.3%), EC (0%), and MC (0%) (P < 0.001). (4) The sensitivity of intranuclear inclusions was 96.4%, and the specificity was 85.7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The identification of intranuclear inclusions, in particular a high frequency and multiple intranuclear inclusions in a single nucleus, is useful for the cytological diagnosis of CCC. Furthermore, these results may be applicable to ascites cytology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University.|Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyushu University Hospital.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naka
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University.
authors.forename: Tsunehisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaku
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University.
authors.forename: Sumiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kitakyushu Municipal Medical Center.
authors.forename: Sadafumi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamiya
authors.affiliation: Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyushu University Hospital.
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ookubo
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University.
authors.forename: Kiyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyushu University Hospital.|Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University.
authors.forename: Yoshinao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University.
authors.forename: Setsuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugishima
mesh_terms: D018262:Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D002288:Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D018269:Carcinoma, Endometrioid / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D045586:Intranuclear Inclusion Bodies / Q000473:pathology*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: ascites cytology; imprint cytology; intranuclear inclusion; ovarian clear cell carcinoma