title: Associations Between Genetic Variants of the Natriuretic Peptide System and Blood Pressure Response to Dietary Sodium Intervention: The GenSalt Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to comprehensively test the association of genetic variants in the natriuretic peptide (NP) system with blood pressure (BP) response to dietary sodium intervention in a Chinese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a 7-day low-sodium intervention followed by a 7-day high-sodium intervention among 1,906 participants in rural China. BP measurements were obtained at baseline and each dietary intervention using a random-zero sphygmomanometer. Linear mixed-effect models were used to assess the associations of 48 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 6 genes of NP system with BP response to dietary sodium intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SNP rs5063 in the NPPA gene and SNP rs2077386 in the NPPC gene exhibited significant associations with BP response to low-sodium dietary intervention under recessive genetic model. For rs5063, absolute mean arterial pressure responses (95% confidence interval) to the low-sodium intervention were 1.31 (-1.08, 3.70) mm Hg for TT genotype and -3.74 (-4.01, -3.46) mm Hg for CC or TC genotype, respectively (P = 4.1 × 10(-5)). Individuals with at least one copy of the C allele of rs2077386 had significantly reduction in systolic BP during the low-sodium intervention compared to those with genotype GG with responses of -5.48 (-5.83, -5.14) vs. -2.76 (-3.52, -2.00) mm Hg, respectively (P = 1.9 × 10(-13)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These novel findings suggested that genetic variants of NP system may contribute to the variation of BP response to sodium intervention in Chinese population. Certainly, replication of these results in other populations and further functional studies are warranted to clarify their role in the regulation of BP and hypertension.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; shufengchen2001@163.com.
authors.forename: Shufeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China;
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA;
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA;
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA;
authors.forename: Cashell E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Jaquish
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA;
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China;
authors.forename: Xiangfeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China;
authors.forename: Xueli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA;
authors.forename: Charles C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hixson
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China;
authors.forename: Fangchao
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA;
authors.forename: Treva K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China;
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China;
authors.forename: Jichun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China;
authors.forename: Dongfeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000235:genetics; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000235:genetics; D020098:Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type / Q000235:genetics; D045265:Natriuretic Peptides / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017461:Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000099242:Atrial Natriuretic Factor Receptor B
chemical_list: D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D020098:Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type; D045265:Natriuretic Peptides; D017461:Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D000099242:Atrial Natriuretic Factor Receptor B; C472955:NPPA protein, human; C091715:atrial natriuretic factor receptor A; C073616:atrial natriuretic factor receptor C
keywords: blood pressure response; dietary intervention; genetic association; natriuretic peptide.