title: Contact Antimicrobial Surface Obtained by Chemical Grafting of Microfibrillated Cellulose in Aqueous Solution Limiting Antibiotic Release.
abstract: Contact active surfaces are an innovative tool for developing antibacterial products. Here, the microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) surface was modified with the β-lactam antibiotic benzyl penicillin in aqueous medium to prepare antimicrobial films. Penicillin was grafted on the MFC surface using a suspension of these nanofilaments or directly on films. Films prepared from the penicillin-modified MFC were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, elemental analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and tested for antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. Penicillin-grafted MFC films exhibited successful killing effect on Gram-positive bacteria with 3.5-log reduction whereas bacteriostatic efficiency was found in penicillin-grafted MFC suspension. The zone of inhibition test and leaching dynamic assay demonstrated that penicillin was not diffused into the surrounding media, thus proving that the films were indeed contact active. Thus, penicillin can be chemically bound to the modified substrate surface to produce promising nonleaching antimicrobial systems.
authors.affiliation: †Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France.|‡CNRS, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saini
authors.affiliation: †Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France.|‡CNRS, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Naceur
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Belgacem
authors.affiliation: §INNOVHUB SSI, Paper Division, Via Giuseppe Colombo 83, 20133, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.affiliation: §INNOVHUB SSI, Paper Division, Via Giuseppe Colombo 83, 20133, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Graziano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Elegir
authors.affiliation: †Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France.|‡CNRS, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bras
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D052978:Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D010406:Penicillins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013499:Surface Properties; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D010406:Penicillins; D014867:Water; D002482:Cellulose
keywords: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; benzyl penicillin; chemical surface modification; contact-active antimicrobial surfaces; esterification; microfibrillated cellulose