title: Immunohistochemistry and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Can Inform the Differential Diagnosis of Low-Grade Noninvasive Urothelial Carcinoma with an Inverted Growth Pattern and Inverted Urothelial Papilloma.
abstract: Urothelial carcinoma (UC) comprises a heterogeneous group of epithelial neoplasms with diverse biological behaviors and variable clinical outcomes. Distinguishing UC histological subtypes has become increasingly important because prognoses and therapy can dramatically differ among subtypes. In clinical work, overlapping morphological findings between low-grade noninvasive UC (LGNUC), which exhibits an inverted growth pattern, and inverted urothelial papilloma (IUP) can make subclassification difficult. We propose a combination of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecular cytogenetics for subtyping these clinical entities. In our study, tissue microarray immunohistochemical profiles of Ki-67, p53, cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and cyclinD1 were assessed. Molecular genetic alterations such as the gain of chromosomes 3, 7 or 17 or the homozygous loss of 9p21 were also assessed for their usefulness in differentiating these conditions. Based on our analysis, Ki-67 and CK20 may be useful for the differential diagnosis of these two tumor types. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) can also provide important data in cases in which the malignant nature of an inverted urothelial neoplasm is unclear. LGNUC with an inverted growth pattern that is negative for both Ki-67 and CK20 can be positively detected using FISH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Juan-Juan
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Zhi
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Qun
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Meng-Hong
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Chao-Fu
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D018308:Papilloma, Inverted / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011379:Prognosis; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor