title: State of the Art: Iterative CT Reconstruction Techniques.
abstract: Owing to recent advances in computing power, iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithms have become a clinically viable option in computed tomographic (CT) imaging. Substantial evidence is accumulating about the advantages of IR algorithms over established analytical methods, such as filtered back projection. IR improves image quality through cyclic image processing. Although all available solutions share the common mechanism of artifact reduction and/or potential for radiation dose savings, chiefly due to image noise suppression, the magnitude of these effects depends on the specific IR algorithm. In the first section of this contribution, the technical bases of IR are briefly reviewed and the currently available algorithms released by the major CT manufacturers are described. In the second part, the current status of their clinical implementation is surveyed. Regardless of the applied IR algorithm, the available evidence attests to the substantial potential of IR algorithms for overcoming traditional limitations in CT imaging.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, MSC 226, 25 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC 29425 (L.L.G., U.J.S., F.G.M., J.W.N., C.N.D.); Department of Radiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont, Canada (G.B.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (N.S.P.); and Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, University of Rome Sapienza-Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy (M.R., A.L., C.N.D.).
authors.forename: Lucas L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Geyer
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, MSC 226, 25 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC 29425 (L.L.G., U.J.S., F.G.M., J.W.N., C.N.D.); Department of Radiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont, Canada (G.B.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (N.S.P.); and Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, University of Rome Sapienza-Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy (M.R., A.L., C.N.D.).
authors.forename: U Joseph
authors.initials: UJ
authors.lastname: Schoepf
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, MSC 226, 25 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC 29425 (L.L.G., U.J.S., F.G.M., J.W.N., C.N.D.); Department of Radiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont, Canada (G.B.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (N.S.P.); and Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, University of Rome Sapienza-Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy (M.R., A.L., C.N.D.).
authors.forename: Felix G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Meinel
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, MSC 226, 25 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC 29425 (L.L.G., U.J.S., F.G.M., J.W.N., C.N.D.); Department of Radiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont, Canada (G.B.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (N.S.P.); and Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, University of Rome Sapienza-Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy (M.R., A.L., C.N.D.).
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Nance
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, MSC 226, 25 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC 29425 (L.L.G., U.J.S., F.G.M., J.W.N., C.N.D.); Department of Radiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont, Canada (G.B.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (N.S.P.); and Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, University of Rome Sapienza-Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy (M.R., A.L., C.N.D.).
authors.forename: Gorka
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bastarrika
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, MSC 226, 25 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC 29425 (L.L.G., U.J.S., F.G.M., J.W.N., C.N.D.); Department of Radiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont, Canada (G.B.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (N.S.P.); and Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, University of Rome Sapienza-Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy (M.R., A.L., C.N.D.).
authors.forename: Jonathon A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Leipsic
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, MSC 226, 25 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC 29425 (L.L.G., U.J.S., F.G.M., J.W.N., C.N.D.); Department of Radiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont, Canada (G.B.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (N.S.P.); and Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, University of Rome Sapienza-Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy (M.R., A.L., C.N.D.).
authors.forename: Narinder S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, MSC 226, 25 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC 29425 (L.L.G., U.J.S., F.G.M., J.W.N., C.N.D.); Department of Radiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont, Canada (G.B.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (N.S.P.); and Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, University of Rome Sapienza-Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy (M.R., A.L., C.N.D.).
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rengo
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, MSC 226, 25 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC 29425 (L.L.G., U.J.S., F.G.M., J.W.N., C.N.D.); Department of Radiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont, Canada (G.B.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (N.S.P.); and Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, University of Rome Sapienza-Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy (M.R., A.L., C.N.D.).
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laghi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, MSC 226, 25 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC 29425 (L.L.G., U.J.S., F.G.M., J.W.N., C.N.D.); Department of Radiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont, Canada (G.B.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (N.S.P.); and Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, University of Rome Sapienza-Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy (M.R., A.L., C.N.D.).
authors.forename: Carlo N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: De Cecco
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*