title: Lignin-Based Triple Shape Memory Polymers.
abstract: Lignin-based triple shape memory polymers comprised of both permanent covalent cross-links and physical cross-links have been synthesized. A mixing phase with poly(ester-amine) and poly(ester-amide) network having two distinct glass transitions was hot mixed with more structurally homogenized methanol soluble lignin fraction by one-pot, two-step method. Triple shape properties arise from the combined effect of the glass transition of polyester copolymers and lignin and the dissociation of self-complementary hydrogen bonding and cross-link density. The percentage of recovery in each stage was investigated and it was proved that the first recovery is related with lignin-poly(ester-amine) rich network and the second recovery stage is related with lignin-poly(ester-amide) rich network. The thermal and mechanical properties of the lignin-copolymer networks were also investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis.
authors.affiliation: Renewable Materials Program, Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho , Moscow, Idaho 83844-1132, United States.
authors.forename: Gopakumar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sivasankarapillai
authors.affiliation: Renewable Materials Program, Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho , Moscow, Idaho 83844-1132, United States.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Renewable Materials Program, Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho , Moscow, Idaho 83844-1132, United States.
authors.forename: Armando G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: McDonald
mesh_terms: D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry*; D009757:Nylons / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D011073:Polyamines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D011091:Polyesters / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D009757:Nylons; D011073:Polyamines; D011091:Polyesters; D008031:Lignin