title: Analysis of Th17 and Tc17 Frequencies and Antiviral Defenses in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue of Chronic HIV-1 Positive Patients.
abstract: The complex relationship between both the Th1/Th17 and Tc1/Tc17 axis and innate defences in the intestinal mucosa during HIV-1 infection has not been well characterized. This study examined the frequency, phenotype, and functional status of T cell populations in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and peripheral blood of virologically suppressed HIV-1-infected patients on therapy, focusing on the Th1, Th17, Tc1, and Tc17 cell subsets. We found a persistent immune cell activation (CD38 and HLADR expression) into the GALT despite the higher levels of Th17 and Tc17 in respect to peripheral blood. An upregulation of type I IFN response in GALT compared to the peripheral blood compartment was also recorded. Furthermore, IFN-α/β levels were negatively related to the frequencies of Th1 naïve cells and Tc1 cell subsets (naïve, central memory, and effector memory) in the GALT. In contrast, no relationships between type I IFN response and Th1 or Tc1 cell subsets in peripheral blood compartment and between IFN-α/β and Th17/Tc17 in both GALT and peripheral blood district were recorded. These data indicate that prolonged antiretroviral treatment improves GALT immune function despite the persistence of immune activation and type I IFN response in chronic HIV-1 positive patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy ; Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: d'Ettorre
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy ; Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ceccarelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Italian Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andreotti
authors.affiliation: Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, 00161 Rome, Italy ; Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Selvaggi
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy ; Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Noemi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Giustini
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy ; Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Serafino
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy ; Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schietroma
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nunnari
authors.affiliation: Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, 00161 Rome, Italy ; Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Antonelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vullo
authors.affiliation: Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, 00161 Rome, Italy ; Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scagnolari
mesh_terms: D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1