title: 50 Hz electromagnetic field exposure promotes proliferation and cytokine production of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on the proliferation and cytokine production of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and the effects of mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium (MSC-CM) on the proliferation and migration of macrophagocytes (RAW264.7).
  
  
  METHODS
  Bone marrow derived-mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSC) were isolated from rats, cultured and randomly divided into two groups: SHAM group (absence of electromagnetic field exposure) and EMF group. Cells in EMF group were exposed to ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 1 mT, 4 h/d) under sXc-ELF. Mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSC) were exposed to EMF for 3 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cell viability, DNA synthesis and proportion of cells in S phase in EMF group increased markedly when compared with SHAM group (P<0.05). When compared with SHAM group, the mRNA expressions of M-CSF and SCF increased markedly at 2 days after EMF exposure (P<0.05), the mRNA expressions of SCF, M-CSF, TPO, LIF, IL-11 and IL-7 increased dramatically, but the mRNA expressions of IL-6, SDF-1, IFN-γ and TNF-α remained unchanged (P>0.05) in mMSCs at 3 days after EMF exposure. In EMF group, the viability of RAW264.7 after MSC-CM treatment increased markedly as compared to SHAM group (P<0.05), and the ability to migrate of RAW264.7 after MSC-CM treatment in EMF group also increased significantly when compared with SHAM group (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EMF is able to promote the proliferation of rBMSCs, up-regulate the expressions of hematopoietic growth factors in rBMSC and mMSC and increase the mMSC induced proliferation and migration of RAW264.7.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University No. 30 Gaotanyan Avenue, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Wenxia
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University No. 30 Gaotanyan Avenue, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Fenghua
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Hygiene, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Qinlong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University No. 30 Gaotanyan Avenue, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University No. 30 Gaotanyan Avenue, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Hygiene, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Chunhai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University No. 30 Gaotanyan Avenue, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Hygiene, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Hygiene, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Zhou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Hygiene, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Zhengping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
keywords: Electromagnetic field; cell proliferation; cytokines; mesenchymal stem cells