title: Air-Stable and Efficient PbSe Quantum-Dot Solar Cells Based upon ZnSe to PbSe Cation-Exchanged Quantum Dots.
abstract: We developed a single step, cation-exchange reaction that produces air-stable PbSe quantum dots (QDs) from ZnSe QDs and PbX2 (X = Cl, Br, or I) precursors. The resulting PbSe QDs are terminated with halide anions and contain residual Zn cations. We characterized the PbSe QDs using UV-vis-NIR absorption, photoluminescence quantum yield spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Solar cells fabricated from these PbSe QDs obtained an overall best power conversion efficiency of 6.47% at one sun illumination. The solar cell performance without encapsulation remains unchanged for over 50 days in ambient conditions; and after 50 days, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory certification team certified the device at 5.9%.
authors.affiliation: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.|Nanomechanical Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials , Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sungwoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.|Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.
authors.forename: Ashley R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.affiliation: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.|Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kroupa
authors.affiliation: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.
authors.forename: Elisa M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Luther
authors.affiliation: Nanomechanical Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials , Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sohee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.
authors.forename: Matthew C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Beard
keywords: PbSe QDs; cation exchange; halide passivation; quantum dots; solar cells