title: Potential protective properties of flax lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside.
abstract: Lignans are a group of phytonutrients which are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Flaxseed is the richest source of providing lignan precursor such as secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG). This article reviews the studies relevant to experimental models in animals and humans demonstrating the possible nutraceutical actions of SDG to prevent and alleviate lifestyle-related diseases. A local and international web-based literature review for this project was carried out to provide information relating to the study. The major key word "SDG" was selected to gather information using the electronic databases pertaining to the current state of flaxseed lignans composition, bioactive compounds, metabolism and to find out their role in terms of chemopreventive action. The extraction methods vary from simple to complex depending on separation, fractionation, identification and detection of the analytes. The majority of studies demonstrate that SDG interferes with the development of different types of diseases like cardiovascular, diabetic, lupus nephritis, bone, kidney, menopause, reproduction, mental stress, immunity, atherosclerosis, hemopoietic, liver necrosis and urinary disorders due to its various biological properties including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimutagenic, antimicrobial, antiobesity, antihypolipidemic and neuroprotective effects. Moreover, SDG has a defending mediator against various cancers by modulating multiple cell signaling pathways. As discussed in this review, SDG has shown therapeutic potential against a number of human diseases and can be recommended for discerning consumers.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan. imran@gcuf.edu.pk.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imran
authors.affiliation: Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan. nazirahmad83@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nazir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan. faqir_65@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Faqir Muhammad
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Anjum
authors.affiliation: Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan. mk.khan@gcuf.edu.pk.
authors.forename: Muhammad Kamran
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan. zee_ft@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Zarina
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mushtaq
authors.affiliation: Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan. nadeem1220@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nadeem
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. shhussain@ksu.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Shahzad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hussain
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002072:Butylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018890:Chemoprevention; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019597:Flax / Q000737:chemistry*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D017705:Lignans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002072:Butylene Glycols; D005960:Glucosides; D017705:Lignans; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; C090142:secoisolariciresinol diglucoside