title: The ecological and physiological responses of the microbial community from a semiarid soil to hydrocarbon contamination and its bioremediation using compost amendment.
abstract: The linkage between phylogenetic and functional processes may provide profound insights into the effects of hydrocarbon contamination and biodegradation processes in high-diversity environments. Here, the impacts of petroleum contamination and the bioremediation potential of compost amendment, as enhancer of the microbial activity in semiarid soils, were evaluated in a model experiment. The analysis of phospholipid fatty-acids (PLFAs) and metaproteomics allowed the study of biomass, phylogenetic and physiological responses of the microbial community in polluted semiarid soils. Petroleum pollution induced an increase of proteobacterial proteins during the contamination, while the relative abundance of Rhizobiales lowered in comparison to the non-contaminated soil. Despite only 0.55% of the metaproteome of the compost-treated soil was involved in biodegradation processes, the addition of compost promoted the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkanes up to 88% after 50 days. However, natural biodegradation of hydrocarbons was not significant in soils without compost. Compost-assisted bioremediation was mainly driven by Sphingomonadales and uncultured bacteria that showed an increased abundance of catabolic enzymes such as catechol 2,3-dioxygenases, cis-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase and 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde. For the first time, metaproteomics revealed the functional and phylogenetic relationships of petroleum contamination in soil and the microbial key players involved in the compost-assisted bioremediation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Aptdo. de Correos 164, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Department of Agroforestry Technology and Science and Genetics, School of Advanced Agricultural Engineering, Castilla La Mancha University, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete, Spain. Electronic address: fbastida@cebas.csic.es.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bastida
authors.affiliation: Department of Proteomics, Helmholtz - Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jehmlich
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Aptdo. de Correos 164, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Dow Microbial Control, Dow Europe GmbH, Bachtobelstrasse 3, 8810 Horgen, Switzerland.
authors.forename: B E L
authors.initials: BEL
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.affiliation: Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Richnow
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Aptdo. de Correos 164, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.affiliation: Department of Proteomics, Helmholtz - Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Metabolomics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: von Bergen
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Aptdo. de Correos 164, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D059013:Microbial Consortia; D020543:Proteome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012230:Rhizobiaceae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D042301:Sphingomonadaceae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D020543:Proteome; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Bacterial community; Metaproteomics; Organic amendment; Petroleum; Phospholipid-fatty acids; Semiarid soil