title: Comparison of the Formula of PSA, Age, Prostate Volume and Race Versus PSA Density and the Detection of Primary Malignant Circulating Prostate Cells in Predicting a Positive Initial Prostate Biopsy in Chilean Men with Suspicion of Prostate Cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Combining risk factors for prostate cancer into a predictive tool may improve the detection of prostate cancer while decreasing the number of benign biopsies. We compare one such tool, age multiplied by prostate volume divided by total serum PSA (PSA-AV) with PSA density and detection of primary malignant circulating prostate cells (CPCs) in a Chilean prostate cancer screening program. The objectives were not only to determine the predictive values of each, but to determine the number of clinically significant cancers that would have been detected or missed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was conducted of all men undergoing 12 core ultrasound guided prostate biopsy for suspicion of cancer attending the Hospital DIPRECA and Hospital de Carabineros de Chile. Total serum PSA was registered, prostate volumecalculated at the moment of biopsy, and an 8 ml blood simple taken immediately before the biopsy procedure. Mononuclear cells were obtained from the blood simple using differential gel centrifugation and CPCs identified using immunocytchemistry with anti- PSA and anti-P504S. Biopsy results were classed as positive or negative for cancer and if positive the Gleason score, number of positive cores and percent infiltration recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 664 men participated, of whom 234 (35.2%) had cancer detected. They were older, had higher mean PSA, PSA density and lower PSA-AV. Detection of CPCs had high predictive score, sensitivity, sensibility and positive and negative predictive values, PSA-AV was not significantly different from PSA density in this population. The use of CPC detection avoided more biopsies and missed fewer significant cancers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this screening population the use of CPC detection predicted the presence of clinically significant prostate cancer better than the other parameters. The high negative predictive value would allow men CPC negative to avoid biopsy but remain in follow up. The formula PSA-AV did not add to the predictive performance using PSA density.
authors.affiliation: Urology Service, Hospital de Carabineros de Chile, Nunoa, Santiago, Chile E-mail : nigelpetermurray@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nigel P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fuentealba
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Orellana
authors.forename: Francisca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Jacob
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000601:surgery; D044469:Racial Groups
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen