title: Long-term Outcomes in Youths with Diabetes Mellitus.
abstract: In this article, the author reviews the long-term outcomes and their precursors of type 1 diabetes starting in youth. The author also contrasts the changing incidence of these long-term complications as we have moved from the pre-Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) to the post-DCCT standard of care and reviews the emerging data related to complications in youths with type 2 diabetes. Finally, the author reviews the recent understanding related to the effects of diabetes on the brain and cognition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8116, St Louis, MO 63110, USA. Electronic address: white_n@kids.wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Neil H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: CVD risk factors; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetic neuropathy; Microalbuminuria; Neurocognition; Neuroimaging; Retinopathy