title: A novel porcine bocavirus harbors a variant NP gene.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Porcine bocavirus is classified within the genus Bocaparvovirus, family Parvoviridae. Unlike other parvoviruses, the members of genus Bocaparvovirus (bocaparvoviruses) encode an additional open reading frame (NP1). Many strains of PBoVs have been identified in domestic pigs and recognized as a potential emerging pathogen causing respiratory and gastrointestinal disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A new strain of porcine bocavirus (PBoV) that harbored the shortest NP1 gene among all currently characterized PBoVs (provisionally named as 'PBoV-KU14') was detected in domestic pigs. Almost the complete genome sequence was obtained, approximately 4,630 nucleotides in lengths with putative NS1, NP1, and VP1/2 genes of 1,908, 600, 1,851 bp, respectively. Phylogenetic and comparative analysis was performed using protein and nucleotide sequences. It was revealed that PBoV-KU14 belongs to the genus Bocaparvovirus and species Ungulate bocaparvovirus 4. However, phylogenetic incongruence was observed among species classifications based on the NS1, NP1 and VP1/2 proteins, which indicates a probability of crossover recombination. Conserved protein domains unique for genus Bocaparvovirus in NP1, VP1 protein were also detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NP1 gene truncation supposed to be caused by cross over recombination was detected in a new strain of PBoV (PBoV-KU14). Considering high rates of substitution and recombination in parvovirus, periodic surveillance study to monitor genomic variation and find new strainsof PBoVs seems to be needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neung-dong Street, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701 South Korea.
authors.forename: Sung J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neung-dong Street, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701 South Korea ; Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
authors.forename: Sun Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Sunwoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neung-dong Street, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701 South Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Sik
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neung-dong Street, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701 South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Je
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neung-dong Street, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701 South Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Uk
authors.initials: DU
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neung-dong Street, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701 South Korea.
authors.forename: Young S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lyoo
keywords: NP1 gene truncation; Phylogenetic incongruence; Porcine bocavirus; Recombination; Surveillance