title: The acute modulation of norepinephrine on immune responses and genes expressions via adrenergic receptors in the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
abstract: Norepinephrine (NE), immunocompetent parameters (total haemocyte count (THC), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, respiratory burst (RB), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency to Lactococcus garvieae), and prophenoloxidase (proPO) system-related genes (lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein, LGBP; prophenoloxidase, proPO; peroxinectin, PE; α2-macroglobulin, α2-M) expressions were investigated in Macrobrachium rosenbergii received NE through injection at 50 pmol/prawn after 0, 30, 60, and 120 min. Furthermore, the PO activity, RB, SOD activity, phagocytic activity and proPO system-related genes expressions were determined in haemocytes incubated with cacodylate buffer (CAC), NE, and NE co-treated with various adrenergic receptor (AR) antagonists in vitro. Results showed that NE, THC, granular cells, PO activity, SOD activity, proPO system-related genes expressions, and phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency to L. garvieae increased; PO activity per granulocyte and RB per haemocyte decreased from 30 to 120 min; semigranular cells and RB increased in the initial 30 min, and then decreased at 120 min when the prawns received NE by injection. In vitro studies, all the determined immune parameters and genes expressions were significantly decreased in haemocytes incubated with NE after 30 min. The negative effects of NE were prevented on the PO activity and phagocytic activity by the β-AR antagonist of metoprolol (Met), on the SOD activity by the β-AR antagonist of propranolol (Pro), on the RB by the β-AR antagonist of Met and prazosin (Pra), and on the proPO system-related genes expressions by α-AR antagonist of Pra. These results show that NE modulates prawn haemocytes proPO system-related genes expressions via α1-AR, PO activity and phagocytosis via β1-AR, respiratory burst via α1-and β1-ARs, and SOD activity via β2-AR. It is concluded that NE stimulates the regulation of immunocompetence parameters and proPO system-related genes expressions in an acute response to maintain homeostasis of M. rosenbergii, which is primarily mediated through α1-, β1-and β2-ARs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chin-Chyuan
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Wan-Lin
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Jia-Rong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: winton@mail.npust.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Winton
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D018674:Adrenergic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D004156:Catechol Oxidase / Q000235:genetics; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D033541:Palaemonidae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic / Q000378:metabolism*; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000187:drug effects; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018674:Adrenergic Antagonists; D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic; C038451:pro-phenoloxidase; D004156:Catechol Oxidase; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D009638:Norepinephrine
keywords: Adrenergic receptor; Immune system; Macrobrachium rosenbergii; Norepinephrine