title: The relationship between the Bispectral Index (BIS) and the Observer Alertness of Sedation Scale (OASS) scores during propofol sedation with and without ketamine: a randomized, double blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial.
abstract: Prior studies have examined the static effect of intravenous ketamine on the BIS Index for sedation but it remains unknown if the BIS Index is a reliable method to track sedation levels in the presence of ketamine. The major objective of the current investigation was to compare the BIS Vista Index ability to track varying depths of sedation as determined by OASS scores in a standardized anesthetic regimen with and without ketamine. The study was a randomized, double blinded clinical trial. Patients undergoing breast surgery under sedation with propofol were randomized to receive ketamine (1.5 μg kg min(-1)) or saline. Infusion data was used to estimate propofol plasma concentrations (Cp). The main outcome of interest was the correlation between the BIS Vista Index with the OASS score. Twenty subjects were recruited and fifteen completed the study. Four hundred fifty-five paired data points were included in the analysis. Model performance (Nagelkerke R(2)) of the multinomial logistic regression model was 0.57 with the c-statistic of 0.87 (95 % CI 0.82-0.91). Compared to awake the odds ratio for BIS values predicting moderate sedation in the saline/propofol group 1.19 (95 % CI 1.12-1.25) but only 1.06 (95 % CI 1.02-1.1) in the ketamine/propofol group (P = 0.001). There was no difference in the odds for BIS values to predict deep sedation between groups (P = 0.14). The BIS monitor can be used to monitor sedation level even when ketamine is used with propofol as part of the sedation regimen. However, ketamine reduces the value of the BIS in predicting moderate sedation levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 251 E. Huron St., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. g-jr@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Gildasio S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: De Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 251 E. Huron St., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 251 E. Huron St., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
authors.forename: R-Jay
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 251 E. Huron St., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: McCarthy
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000328:Adult; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D001706:Biopsy; D001940:Breast / Q000601:surgery; D056805:Consciousness Monitors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007649:Ketamine; D015742:Propofol
keywords: BIS; Ketamine; Propofol; Sedation