title: Nomograms Predict Overall Survival for Patients with Small-Cell Lung Cancer Incorporating Pretreatment Peripheral Blood Markers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We sought to build prognostic nomograms and identify novel prognostic factors in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) incorporating both clinical data and peripheral blood markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 938 patients with SCLC (555 extensive stage SCLC [ES-SCLC] and 383 limited stage SCLC [LS-SCLC]) diagnosed between 1997 and 2012 from a single institution. We investigated the prognostic value of pretreatment neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, red cell distribution width, hemoglobin, and other clinicopathological factors. Cox proportional hazards models determined the effects of multiple factors on overall survival (OS). Two nomograms were developed to predict median survival and 6- and 12-month OS for ES-SCLC, and 1- and 2-year OS for LS-SCLC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In ES-SCLC, the multivariate Cox model identified neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and red cell distribution width as significant prognostic factors for OS independent of age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score, chest radiation, chemotherapy, liver metastases, and numbers of metastatic sites. In LS-SCLC, significant prognostic variables included platelet to lymphocyte ratio, age, smoking cessation, chest radiation, chemotherapy, surgery, and prophylactic cranial irradiation. The two nomograms show good accuracy in predicting OS, with a concordance index of 0.73 in both ES- and LS-SCLC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The two nomograms incorporating hematological markers could more accurately predict individualized survival probability of SCLC than the existing models.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; †Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, ‡Division of Medical Oncology, and §Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Randolph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: Mingrui
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Gening
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Aminah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jatoi
authors.forename: Yolanda I
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Garces
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mansfield
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D016371:Cranial Irradiation; D004909:Erythrocyte Indices; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009504:Neutrophils; D049451:Nomograms; D010976:Platelet Count; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011878:Radiotherapy; D055752:Small Cell Lung Carcinoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D016540:Smoking Cessation
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D006454:Hemoglobins