title: Transition to adult mental health services for young people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Italy: Parents' and clinicians' experiences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of parents and clinicians in relation to the transition from child and adolescent neuropsychiatric services (CANPS) to adult services for people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents of people with ADHD who reached the transition boundary for CANPS were sampled from the A.I.F.A. association (Italian Association of ADHD Families). We thematically analyzed informative and qualitative questionnaires completed by parents and clinicians.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parents' (n = 24) and clinicians' (n = 27) experiences differed slightly on challenges and unmet needs, whereas clinicians agreed on the variables required for an optimal transition process. Poor transition and multiple barriers to such care were identified. Specifically, far fewer people received services, especially public health services, after reaching the age of 18, and perceived barriers included problems with user access, limited transition protocols, poor service coordination, and possible lack of ADHD-related knowledge on the part of adult practitioners.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Care continuity in mental healthcare remains a need to be prioritized and better defined also for ADHD patients (and their parents). Parents' and clinicians' experiences are more likely to be positive if transition management is characterized by a gradual preparation, a period of parallel care, and commonly acknowledged, clear information on available services and how to access them. Identifying the needs and barriers of the people representing the different roles (clinicians, parents, and users) involved in the transition to adult mental health services is of particular importance in designing effective, shared transfer planning procedures.
authors.affiliation: a 1 Department of Public Health, Laboratory for Mother and Child Health, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" , Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Reale
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frassica
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gollner
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonati
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D003144:Communication Barriers; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D060305:Transition to Adult Care / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D000069341:Transitional Care / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards
keywords: Attention deficit disorder; health service use; mental health services; transition to adult care