title: Synthesis, kinetics and photocatalytic study of "ultra-small" Ag-NPs obtained by a green chemistry method using an extract of Rosa 'Andeli' double delight petals.
abstract: This paper reports the effect of different concentrations of Rosa 'Andeli' double delight petals aqueous extract (PERA) in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), using an easy green chemistry method. Its kinetics study and photocatalytic activity were also evaluated. The Ag-NPs were obtained using an aqueous silver nitrate solution (AgNO3) with 9.66% w/v, 7.25% w/v, and 4.20% w/v PERA as both reducing-stabilizing agent. The formation of the Ag-NPs was demonstrated by analysis of UV-vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM analysis shows spherical nanoparticles in shape and size between ∼0.5 and 1.4nm. A comparative study was done to determine which concentration was the best reducing-stabilizing agent, and we found out that "ultra-small" nanoparticles (0.5-1.1nm) were obtained with 9.66% w/v of PERA. The size of the Ag-NPs depends on the concentration of PERA and Ag(I). The reaction of formation of "ultra-small" Ag-NPs, proved to be first order for metallic precursor (silver) and second order for reducing-stabilizing agent (PERA). The Ag-NPs showed photocatalytic activity, in degradation of commercial dye with an efficiency of 95%.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Graduados e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Apartado Postal 1166, Tijuana, B.C., Mexico.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suárez-Cerda
authors.affiliation: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Km. 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, C.P. 22860 Ensenada, B.C., Mexico.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alonso-Nuñez
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, UABC, Calzada Universidad 14418, Parque Industrial Internacional, C.P. 22390 Tijuana, B.C., Mexico.
authors.forename: Heriberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Espinoza-Gómez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Graduados e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Apartado Postal 1166, Tijuana, B.C., Mexico. Electronic address: lzflores@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Lucía Z
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Flores-López
keywords: Green chemistry; Silver nanoparticles; Ultrasmall nanoparticles