title: Efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae in the control of infestation by stable flies Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), under natural infestation conditions.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an isolate of Metarhizium anisopliae applied by aspersion to control of Stomoxys calcitrans flies in dairy cattle naturally infested. Was applied by aspersion an aqueous formulation of M. anisopliae sensu lato (Ma134), at a concentration of 1×10(8)conidia/ml, four times with seven day intervals, on a group of eight Holstein cows; a control group of eight Holstein cows, received a water solution with Tween 80 (0.1%). The average number of flies per animal was estimated one day before each application, and then daily counts were done in both groups. The effectiveness of the formulation was calculated using the Abbott's formula. At the same time, defensive behaviors of stamp/kicks and tail movements were evaluated daily, estimating relative frequency per hour. The Ma134 formulation had an infestation control efficacy of 73%, taking into consideration the four study weeks. The population reduction effect was observed since the first week post-application (p<0.05), and the effect increased with the subsequent applications. Defensive behaviors were reduced beginning from the first application, reaching a reduction of 66% and 70%, respectively, during the four weeks of study. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of the formulation to control infestation by S. calcitrans, as well as reduce defensive behaviors which involves the infestation.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes, Km. 18 Carretera Aguascalientes - San Luis Potosí, El Llano 20330, Aguascalientes, Mexico. Electronic address: cruva18@yahoo.com.mx.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cruz-Vazquez
authors.affiliation: Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes, Km. 18 Carretera Aguascalientes - San Luis Potosí, El Llano 20330, Aguascalientes, Mexico.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carvajal Márquez
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Colima, Tecomán, Colima, Mexico.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lezama-Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes, Km. 18 Carretera Aguascalientes - San Luis Potosí, El Llano 20330, Aguascalientes, Mexico.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vitela-Mendoza
authors.affiliation: Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes, Km. 18 Carretera Aguascalientes - San Luis Potosí, El Llano 20330, Aguascalientes, Mexico.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramos-Parra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D052981:Metarhizium / Q000502:physiology*; D009117:Muscidae / Q000382:microbiology*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Biological control; Metarhizium anisopliae; Natural infestation; Stomoxys calcitrans