title: Evaluation and application of microwave-assisted extraction and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of polar heterocyclic aromatic amines in hamburger patties.
abstract: This study developed an analytical method based on microwave-assisted extraction and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of three polar heterocyclic aromatic amines from hamburger patties. Effective parameters controlling the performance of the microextraction process, such as the type and volume of extraction and disperser solvents, microwave time, nature of alkaline aqueous solution, pH and salt amount, were optimized. The calibration graphs were linear in the range of 1-200 ng g(-1), with a coefficient of determination (R(2)) better than 0.9993. The relative standard deviations (RSD) for seven analyses were between 3.2% and 6.5%. The recoveries of those compounds in hamburger patties were from 90% to 105%. Detection limits were between 0.06 and 0.21 ng g(-1). A comparison of the proposed method with the existing literature demonstrates that it is a simple, rapid, highly selective and sensitive, and it gives good enrichment factors and detection limits for determining HAAs in real hamburger patties samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aeenehvand
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Toudehrousta
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Marzieh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamankesh
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mashayekh
authors.affiliation: Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Tavakoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: ab.mohammadi@sbmu.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Abdorreza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D008872:Microwaves
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds
keywords: 2-Amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (PubChem CID: 62274); 2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (PubChem CID: 53462); 2-Aminoamino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (PubChem CID: 184098); Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction; Hamburger patties; Heterocyclic aromatic amines; High-performance liquid chromatography; Microwave-assisted extraction