title: Dynamic and static tibial translation in patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency initially treated with a structured rehabilitation protocol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare dynamic and static tibial translation, in patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency, at 2- to 5-year follow-up, with the tibial translation after 4 months of rehabilitation initiated early after the injury. Secondarily, to compare tibial translation in the injured knee and non-injured knee and explore correlations between dynamic and static tibial translation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients with ACL rupture were assessed at 3-8 weeks after ACL injury, after 4 months of structured rehabilitation, and 2-5 years after ACL injury. Sagittal tibial translation was measured during the Lachman test (static translation) and during gait (dynamic translation) using a CA-4000 electrogoniometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Static tibial translation was increased bilateral 2-5 years after ACL injury, whereas the dynamic tibial translation was unchanged. Tibial translation was greater in the injured knee compared with the non-injured knee (Lachman test 134 N 9.1 ± 1.0 vs. 7.0 ± 1.7 mm, P = 0.001, gait 5.6 ± 2.1 vs. 4.7 ± 1.8 mm, P = 0.011). There were no correlations between dynamic and static tibial translation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dynamic tibial translation was unchanged in spite of increased static tibial translation in the ACL-deficient knee at 2- to 5-year follow-up compared to directly after rehabilitation. Dynamic tibial translation did not correlate with the static tibial translation. A more normal gait kinematics may be maintained from completion of a rehabilitation programme to mid-term follow-up in patients with ACL deficiency treated with rehabilitation only.
  
  
  METHODS
  IV.
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden. sofi.tagesson@liu.se.
authors.forename: Sofi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sonesson
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kvist
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013977:Tibia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ACL; Functional joint stability; Knee kinematics; Knee laxity