title: The macrosphere model-an embolic stroke model for studying the pathophysiology of focal cerebral ischemia in a translational approach.
abstract: The main challenge of stroke research is to translate promising experimental findings from the bench to the bedside. Many suggestions have been made how to achieve this goal, identifying the need for appropriate experimental animal models as one key issue. We here discuss the macrosphere model of focal cerebral ischemia in the rat, which closely resembles the pathophysiology of human stroke both in its acute and chronic phase. Key pathophysiological processes such as brain edema, cortical spreading depolarizations (CSD), neuroinflammation, and stem cell-mediated regeneration are observed in this stroke model, following characteristic temporo-spatial patterns. Non-invasive in vivo imaging allows studying the macrosphere model from the very onset of ischemia up to late remodeling processes in an intraindividual and longitudinal fashion. Such a design of pre-clinical stroke studies provides the basis for a successful translation into the clinic.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany ; 2 Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany ; 3 Animal Welfare Office, University of Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walberer
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany ; 2 Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany ; 3 Animal Welfare Office, University of Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Maria Adele
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rueger
keywords: Macrosphere model; embolic stroke model; permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (permanent MCAo); translational stroke model