title: The yeast genome undergoes significant topological reorganization in quiescence.
abstract: We have examined the three-dimensional organization of the yeast genome during quiescence by a chromosome capture technique as a means of understanding how genome organization changes during development. For exponentially growing cells we observe high levels of inter-centromeric interaction but otherwise a predominance of intrachromosomal interactions over interchromosomal interactions, consistent with aggregation of centromeres at the spindle pole body and compartmentalization of individual chromosomes within the nucleoplasm. Three major changes occur in the organization of the quiescent cell genome. First, intrachromosomal associations increase at longer distances in quiescence as compared to growing cells. This suggests that chromosomes undergo condensation in quiescence, which we confirmed by microscopy by measurement of the intrachromosomal distances between two sites on one chromosome. This compaction in quiescence requires the condensin complex. Second, inter-centromeric interactions decrease, consistent with prior data indicating that centromeres disperse along an array of microtubules during quiescence. Third, inter-telomeric interactions significantly increase in quiescence, an observation also confirmed by direct measurement. Thus, survival during quiescence is associated with substantial topological reorganization of the genome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
authors.forename: Mark T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Rutledge
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.affiliation: Program in Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
authors.forename: Jon-Matthew
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Belton
authors.affiliation: Program in Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
authors.forename: Job
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dekker
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA jbroach@hmc.psu.edu.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Broach
mesh_terms: D002466:Cell Nucleolus / Q000235:genetics; D002503:Centromere / Q000737:chemistry; D015825:Chromosomes, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry*; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D012343:RNA, Transfer / Q000235:genetics; D018741:Replication Origin; D016192:Resting Phase, Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012343:RNA, Transfer