title: Influence of Cardiac MR Imaging on DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Human Blood Lymphocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the ability of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to induce deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage in patients who underwent cardiac MR imaging in daily routine by using γ-H2AX immunofluorescence microscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and was performed according to local ethics committee approval. Informed patient consent was obtained. Blood samples from 45 patients (13 women, 32 men; mean age, 50.3 years [age range, 20-89 years]) were obtained before and after contrast agent-enhanced cardiac MR imaging. MR imaging-induced double-strand breaks (DSBs) were quantified in isolated blood lymphocytes by using immunofluorescence microscopy after staining the phosphorylated histone variant γ-H2AX. Twenty-nine patients were examined with a myocarditis protocol (group A), 10 patients with a stress-testing protocol (group B), and six patients with flow measurements and angiography (group C). Paired t test was performed to compare excess foci before and after MR imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean baseline DSB level before MR imaging and 5 minutes after MR imaging was, respectively, 0.116 DSB per cell ± 0.019 (standard deviation) and 0.117 DSB per cell ± 0.019 (P = .71). There was also no significant difference in DSBs in these subgroups (group A: DSB per cell before and after MR imaging, respectively, 0.114 and 0.114, P = .91; group B: DSB per cell before and after MR imaging, respectively, 0.123 and 0.124, P = .78; group C: DSB per cell before and after MR imaging, respectively, 0.114 and 0.115, P = .36).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By using γ-H2AX immunofluorescence microscopy, no DNA DSBs were detected after cardiac MR imaging.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Maximiliansplatz 1, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany (M.B., S.E., M.S., M.S.M., A.E., W.W., C.E., M.A.K., T.B., M.L., M.U.); and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (S.A.).
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Maximiliansplatz 1, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany (M.B., S.E., M.S., M.S.M., A.E., W.W., C.E., M.A.K., T.B., M.L., M.U.); and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (S.A.).
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ellmann
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Maximiliansplatz 1, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany (M.B., S.E., M.S., M.S.M., A.E., W.W., C.E., M.A.K., T.B., M.L., M.U.); and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (S.A.).
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Maximiliansplatz 1, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany (M.B., S.E., M.S., M.S.M., A.E., W.W., C.E., M.A.K., T.B., M.L., M.U.); and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (S.A.).
authors.forename: Matthias S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: May
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Maximiliansplatz 1, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany (M.B., S.E., M.S., M.S.M., A.E., W.W., C.E., M.A.K., T.B., M.L., M.U.); and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (S.A.).
authors.forename: Achim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eller
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Maximiliansplatz 1, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany (M.B., S.E., M.S., M.S.M., A.E., W.W., C.E., M.A.K., T.B., M.L., M.U.); and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (S.A.).
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wuest
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Maximiliansplatz 1, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany (M.B., S.E., M.S., M.S.M., A.E., W.W., C.E., M.A.K., T.B., M.L., M.U.); and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (S.A.).
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Engert
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Maximiliansplatz 1, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany (M.B., S.E., M.S., M.S.M., A.E., W.W., C.E., M.A.K., T.B., M.L., M.U.); and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (S.A.).
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Achenbach
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Maximiliansplatz 1, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany (M.B., S.E., M.S., M.S.M., A.E., W.W., C.E., M.A.K., T.B., M.L., M.U.); and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (S.A.).
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kuefner
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Maximiliansplatz 1, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany (M.B., S.E., M.S., M.S.M., A.E., W.W., C.E., M.A.K., T.B., M.L., M.U.); and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (S.A.).
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baeuerle
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Maximiliansplatz 1, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany (M.B., S.E., M.S., M.S.M., A.E., W.W., C.E., M.A.K., T.B., M.L., M.U.); and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (S.A.).
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lell
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Maximiliansplatz 1, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany (M.B., S.E., M.S., M.S.M., A.E., W.W., C.E., M.A.K., T.B., M.L., M.U.); and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (S.A.).
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uder
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003287:Contrast Media; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media