title: Visceral adipose tissue influences on coronary artery calcification at young and middle-age groups using computed tomography angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of excessive visceral adipose tissue (VAT) on subclinical coronary atherosclerosis and coronary artery calcifications (CAC) in young and middle-age groups using multislice computed tomography.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a single center, cross-sectional study. Eligible patients (n = 159), who under the age of 61 years, with chest pain and mild to moderate probability to have coronary artery disease (CAD) were enrolled. Coronary calcium score and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) were measured at the level of the left main coronary artery while VAT was measured at the level of the iliac crest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age was (48 ± 8 years). The mean VAT was (38 ± 21 cm(2)) with no significant difference between men and women (38 ± 22 vs. 37 ± 19 P = 0.8) respectively. Student's t-test analysis showed significantly higher VAT in patients with detectable CAC than patients with no CAC (48 ± 24 vs. 33 ± 18 P = 0.00002), respectively. Univariate regression analysis showed that VAT and EAT, are strong predictor for CAC (hazard ratio [HR] 1.034, 95% confidence interval [CI: 1.016-1.052]. P <0.001 and [HR] 1.344, 95% CI: [1.129-1.601] P = 0.001), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excessive VAT is significantly associated with positive CAC. VAT can strongly predict subclinical CAD in individuals at young and middle-age groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center-Al Qassim, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Cardiac Imaging, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center-Al Qassim, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Rami M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Abazid
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center-Al Qassim, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Cardiac Imaging, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center-Al Qassim, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: M Obadah
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Kattea
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center-Al Qassim, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Sawsan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sayed
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac CT Technicians, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center-Al Qassim, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hanaa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saqqah
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qintar
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center-Al Qassim, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Cardiac Imaging, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center-Al Qassim, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Osama A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Smettei
keywords: Computed tomography-angiography; coronary artery calcifications; visceral adipose tissue