title: Drug release, cell adhesion and wound healing evaluations of electrospun carboxymethyl chitosan/polyethylene oxide nanofibres containing phenytoin sodium and vitamin C.
abstract: In this work, N, O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) samples from virgin chitosan (CS) were synthesised and CMCS/polyethylene oxide (PEO) (50/50) blend nanofibrous samples were successfully electrospun from their aqueous solution. The electrospinning conditions to achieve smooth and fine diameter nanofibrous mats were optimised via D-optimal design approach. Afterwards, vitamin C and phenytoin sodium (PHT-Na) were added to these samples for producing wound dressing materials. H-nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared tests for the evaluation of functionalised CS, morphology and biodegradability studies of CMCS/PEO blend nanofibrous samples were applied. The kinetic and drug release mechanism for vitamin C and PHT-Na drug-loaded electrospun samples were also investigated by UV-vis spectrophotometer and high performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The results showed an approximately similar drug release rate of the two drugs and followed Higuchi's kinetic model. The stem cells viability and their adhesion on the surface of the samples containing PHT-Na and vitamin C were carried out using MTT assay and the best cells' biocompatibility was obtained using both drugs into the CMCS/PEO nanofibrous samples. Moreover, the in vivo animal wound model results revealed that the electrospun samples containing vitamin C and PHT-Na (1%) had a remarkable efficiency in the wounds' closure and their healing process compared with vitamin C/PHT-Na (50/50) ointment. Finally, the histology observations showed that the wound treated with optimised electrospun samples containing two drugs enabled regeneration of epidermis layers due to collagen fibres accumulation followed by granulating tissues formation without necrosis.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P. O. Box: 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Amin
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zarandi
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P. O. Box: 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran. phdzahedi@ut.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Payam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zahedi
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P. O. Box: 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Iraj
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rezaeian
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P. O. Box: 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salehpour
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center and Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gholami
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P. O. Box: 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Behrooz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Motealleh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D065546:Drug Liberation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry*; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: C514968:carboxymethyl-chitosan; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D010672:Phenytoin; D048271:Chitosan; D001205:Ascorbic Acid