title: Lifetime socio-economic position and depression: an analysis of the influence of cognitive function, behaviour and inflammatory markers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the influence of lifetime socio-economic position (SEP) on adult depression. We examined the association of SEP during the life course with depressive mood in late midlife and explored whether cognitive function at age 20, health-related behaviour and inflammatory biomarkers explained any associations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 2482 Danish men born in 1953 with information from birth, and conscript board examinations was followed-up with assessment of depressive mood and blood sampling in 2010. Simple and multiple linear regression were used to investigate associations among variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Social circumstances during the life course were associated with depressive mood. Further, low lifetime SEP was associated with lower cognitive score, smoking, alcohol use, high body mass index (BMI) and increased level of high sensitive ProReactive Protein and Interleukin-6. These covariables were also associated with depressive mood and when they were included into the regression model together with life time SEP, the β-estimates for the latter attenuated, when smoking, alcohol and BMI were entered, while the inclusion of cognitive function and the inflammatory biomarkers had limited effect on the relation between lifetime SEP and depressive mood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lifetime SEP was associated with depressive mood and health-related behaviour explained a part of the relation.
authors.affiliation: 1 Research Center for Prevention and Health, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark 2 Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark merete.osler@regionh.dk.
authors.forename: Merete
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osler
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark 4 Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Helle
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bruunsgaard
authors.affiliation: 2 Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 5 Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lykke Mortensen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D015415:Biomarkers; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003071:Cognition; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D002097:C-Reactive Protein