title: Evaluation of Oxidative Metabolism in Child and Adolescent Patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oxidative metabolism is impaired in several medical conditions including psychiatric disorders, and this imbalance may be involved in the etiology of these diseases. The present study evaluated oxidative balance in pediatric and adolescent patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 48 children and adolescents (34 male, 14 female) with ADHD who had no neurological, systemic, or comorbid psychiatric disorders, with the exception of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and 24 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (17 male and seven female).
  
  
  RESULTS
  TAS was significantly lower, and TOS and OSI were significantly higher in patients with ADHD than in healthy controls. Total antioxidant levels were lower in patients with comorbid ODD than in those with no comorbidity. No difference was found in TOS or OSI among the ADHD subtypes; however, TAS was higher in the attention-deficient subtype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings demonstrated that oxidative balance is impaired and oxidative stress is increased in children and adolescents with ADHD. This results are consistent with those of previous studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Mersin Children Hospital, Mersin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Muslum
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kul
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Unal
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Harran University School of Medicine, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kandemir
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bahram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sarkarati
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kamer
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kilinc
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Balikligol State Hospital, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sultan Basmacı
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kandemir
keywords: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Child and adolescent; Oxidative imbalance; Oxidative stress; Total antioxidant status; Total oxidant status