title: Natural (13) C distribution in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) and consequences for allocation pattern.
abstract: Oil palm has now become one of the most important crops, palm oil representing nearly 25% of global plant oil consumption. Many studies have thus addressed oil palm ecophysiology and photosynthesis-based models of carbon allocation have been used. However, there is a lack of experimental data on carbon fixation and redistribution within palm trees, and important C-sinks have not been fully characterized yet. Here, we carried out extensive measurement of natural (13) C-abundance (δ(13) C) in oil palm tissues, including fruits at different maturation stages. We find a (13) C-enrichment in heterotrophic organs compared to mature leaves, with roots being the most (13) C-enriched. The δ(13) C in fruits decreased during maturation, reflecting the accumulation in (13) C-depleted lipids. We further used observed δ(13) C values to compute plausible carbon fluxes using a steady-state model of (13) C-distribution including metabolic isotope effects ((12) v/(13) v). The results suggest that fruits represent a major respiratory loss (≈39% of total tree respiration) and that sink organs such as fruits are fed by sucrose from leaves. That is, glucose appears to be a quantitatively important compound in palm tissues, but computations indicate that it is involved in dynamic starch metabolism rather that C-exchange between organs.
authors.affiliation: UPR34 Performance of Perennial Cropping Systems, CIRAD-PERSYST, Montpellier, 34398, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lamade
authors.affiliation: Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tcherkez
authors.affiliation: Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute, IOPRI, Jl. Brigjen Katamso 51, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Nuzul Hijri
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Darlan
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Amazonia Ocidental, Rodovia AM-010, km 29, Manaus, 319, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosario Lobato
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: ESE, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8079, Orsay cedex, 91405, France.
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fresneau
authors.affiliation: Plateforme Métabolisme-Métabolome, Université Paris-Sud, IPS2, Orsay cedex, 91405, France.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mauve
authors.affiliation: Plateforme Métabolisme-Métabolome, Université Paris-Sud, IPS2, Orsay cedex, 91405, France.
authors.forename: Marlène
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lamothe-Sibold
authors.affiliation: ESE, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8079, Orsay cedex, 91405, France.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sketriené
authors.affiliation: ESE, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8079, Orsay cedex, 91405, France.
authors.forename: Jaleh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ghashghaie
mesh_terms: D028023:Arecaceae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D018533:Biomass; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002241:Carbohydrates; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D057486:Carbon Cycle; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005638:Fruit / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D007214:Indonesia; D008055:Lipids; D008954:Models, Biological; D000073878:Palm Oil; D010788:Photosynthesis; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000378:metabolism*; D018526:Plant Transpiration / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D008055:Lipids; D010938:Plant Oils; D000073878:Palm Oil; D002244:Carbon
keywords: 13C/12C fractionation; carbon allocation; isotope composition; oleosynthesis cost; respiratory losses