title: Purification and identification of a polysaccharide from medicinal mushroom Amauroderma rude with immunomodulatory activity and inhibitory effect on tumor growth.
abstract: Medicinal mushrooms in recent years have been the subject of many experiments searching for anticancer properties. We previously screened thirteen mushrooms for their potential in inhibiting tumor growth, and found that the water extract of Amauroderma rude exerted the highest activity. Previous studies have shown that the polysaccharides contained in the water extract were responsible for the anticancer properties. This study was designed to explore the potential effects of the polysaccharides on immune regulation and tumor growth. Using the crude Amauroderma rude extract, in vitro experiments showed that the capacities of spleen lymphocytes, macrophages, and natural killer cells were all increased. In vivo experiments showed that the extract increased macrophage metabolism, lymphocyte proliferation, and antibody production. In addition, the partially purified product stimulated the secretion of cytokines in vitro, and in vivo. Overall, the extract decreased tumor growth rates. Lastly, the active compound was purified and identified as polysaccharide F212. Most importantly, the purified polysaccharide had the highest activity in increasing lymphocyte proliferation. In summary, this molecule may serve as a lead compound for drug development.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Honghui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jiguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiongtao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chunwei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiaobing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.|Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Preet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dhaliwal
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yizhen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.|Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Burton B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011134:Polysaccharides
keywords: amauroderma; cytokine; herbal medicine; medicinal mushroom; tumor growth