title: Effect of UV-photofunctionalization on oral bacterial attachment and biofilm formation to titanium implant material.
abstract: Bacterial biofilm infections remain prevalent reasons for implant failure. Dental implant placement occurs in the oral environment, which harbors a plethora of biofilm-forming bacteria. Due to its trans-mucosal placement, part of the implant structure is exposed to oral cavity and there is no effective measure to prevent bacterial attachment to implant materials. Here, we demonstrated that UV treatment of titanium immediately prior to use (photofunctionalization) affects the ability of human polymicrobial oral biofilm communities to colonize in the presence of salivary and blood components. UV-treatment of machined titanium transformed the surface from hydrophobic to superhydrophilic. UV-treated surfaces exhibited a significant reduction in bacterial attachment as well as subsequent biofilm formation compared to untreated ones, even though overall bacterial viability was not affected. The function of reducing bacterial colonization was maintained on UV-treated titanium that had been stored in a liquid environment before use. Denaturing gradient gel-electrophoresis (DGGE) and DNA sequencing analyses revealed that while bacterial community profiles appeared different between UV-treated and untreated titanium in the initial attachment phase, this difference vanished as biofilm formation progressed. Our findings confirm that UV-photofunctionalization of titanium has a strong potential to improve outcome of implant placement by creating and maintaining antimicrobial surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, University of California - School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Erica Dorigatti
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: de Avila
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, University of California - School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Bruno P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Prosthodontics and Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, University of California - School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sekiya
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Prosthodontics and Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, University of California - School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Yasuyoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Torii
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Prosthodontics and Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, University of California - School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, University of California - School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Wenyuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, University of California - School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences, University of California - School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: rlux@dentistry.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Renate
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lux
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D058645:Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Bacteria; Biofilm; Peri-implantitis; Photofunctionalization; Titanium