title: Effects of home-based bench step exercise on inflammatory cytokines and lipid profiles in elderly Japanese females: A randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of a 12-week home-based bench step exercise program on inflammatory cytokines and lipid profiles in elderly females.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-two postmenopausal females (65-85 years of age) were randomized to either the bench step exercise group (n=31) or the control group (n=31). The subjects in the bench step exercise group were instructed to perform bench step exercises at the exercise intensity corresponding to lactate threshold (LT), three times per day 10-20 min each session, for a goal of ≥140 min/week at home for 12 weeks. At baseline and 12 weeks, circulating levels of nine inflammatory cytokines (high-molecular-weight adiponectin, interleukin-4 [IL-4], IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], TNF-β and interferon-γ [IFN-γ]) and serum lipids including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bench step training at the LT significantly increased HDL-C levels and decreased IFN-γ concentrations in the subjects with lower (< 63 mg/dL) baseline HDL-C levels (p<0.05). The change in IFN-γ inversely correlated with the change in HDL-C in the exercise group (ρ=-0.56, p<0.01), whereas this association was not observed in the control group. Additionally, principal component analysis-derived index of what we called "inflammatory status factor" was inversely associated with the changes in HDL-C in the exercise group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The bench step exercise-induced reduction in the IFN-γ levels may partially explain the degree of improvement in the HDL-C levels with the exercise program.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan. Electronic address: ynishida@cc.saga-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Keitaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hirao
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tobina
authors.affiliation: Fukuseikai Minami Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Development, Institute of Industrial Ecological Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamato
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Development, Institute of Industrial Ecological Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohta
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8; D007564:Japan; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D016207:Cytokines; C508598:IL4 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008055:Lipids; C439524:TNF protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: Aerobic exercise; Aging; HDL-C; Inflammation; Interleukins