title: The Photoprotective Effect of S-Methylmethionine Sulfonium in Skin.
abstract: S-Methylmethionine sulfonium (SMMS) was reported to have wound-healing effects; we therefore have investigated the photoprotective effect of SMMS in the present study. SMMS increased the viability of keratinocyte progenitor cells (KPCs) and human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs) following ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation, and reduced the UVB-induced apoptosis in these cells. SMMS increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), and the inhibitor of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway significantly decreased the SMMS-induced viability of KPCs and hDFs. In addition, SMMS attenuated the UVB-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in KPCs and hDFs. SMMS induced the collagen synthesis and reduced the matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression in UVB-irradiated hDFs. In animal studies, application of 5% and 10% SMMS before and after UVB-irradiation significantly decreased the UVB-induced erythema index and depletion of Langerhans cells. In summary, SMMS protects KPCs and hDFs from UVB irradiation, and reduces UVB-induced skin erythema and immune suppression. Therefore, SMMS can be used as a cosmetic raw material, and protect skin from UVB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 110-746, Korea. susini@naver.com.
authors.forename: Won-Serk
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 110-746, Korea. blackshm@nate.com.
authors.forename: Hyun-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 406-840, Korea. noedark@nate.com.
authors.forename: Wang-Kyun
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongbuk 712-702, Korea. joonschoi@naver.com.
authors.forename: Joon-Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 406-840, Korea. ikyonkim@yonsei.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Ikyon
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 406-840, Korea. brian99@empal.com.
authors.forename: Jong-Hyuk
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003094:Collagen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004890:Erythema / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects; D014814:Vitamin U / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014815:Vitamins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D014815:Vitamins; D014814:Vitamin U; D003094:Collagen; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1
keywords: S-methylmethionine sulfonium; UVB protection; dermal fibroblasts; erythema; keratinocyte progenitor cells