title: Survey of 11 mycotoxins in wheat flour in Hebei province, China.
abstract: A survey of 11 mycotoxins in 348 wheat flour samples marketed in Hebei province of China were analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, was carried out. The selected mycotoxins consisted of four aflatoxins (AFs: AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2) and seven Fusarium toxins, i.e. deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, zearalenone, Fusarenon-X and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside. Results indicated that most of the wheat samples analysed were contaminated with mycotoxins. Wheat was most susceptible to DON (91.4% contamination), with a mean level of 240 μg kg(-1). On average the probable daily intake (PDI, expressed as µg kg(-1) body weight day(-1)) of mycotoxins was within the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI, 2.0 µg kg(-1) of body weight day(-1)) as set by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Nevertheless, exposure assessment revealed that the maximum PDI of mycotoxins was 4.06 µg kg(-1) body weight day(-1), which was twice the PMTDI value. Thus, consistent monitoring is recommended, as to keep the contamination level under control.
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Physical and Chemical Inspection, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shijiazhuang , PR China.
authors.forename: Yinping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Physical and Chemical Inspection, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shijiazhuang , PR China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Physical and Chemical Inspection, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shijiazhuang , PR China.
authors.forename: Liying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Physical and Chemical Inspection, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shijiazhuang , PR China.
authors.forename: Fengqi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Physical and Chemical Inspection, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shijiazhuang , PR China.|b College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Lixin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000032:analysis; D001230:Aspergillus; D002681:China; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004032:Diet; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000382:microbiology*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005433:Flour / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005670:Fusarium; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis; D014908:Triticum / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D009183:Mycotoxins; D014255:Trichothecenes; C007262:deoxynivalenol
keywords: Fusarium toxins; LC/MS/MS; aflatoxin; deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside; wheat