title: Emotional Valence, Arousal, and Threat Ratings of 160 Chinese Words among Adolescents.
abstract: This study was conducted to provide ratings of valence/pleasantness, arousal/excitement, and threat/potential harm for 160 Chinese words. The emotional valence classification (positive, negative, or neutral) of all of the words corresponded to that of the equivalent English language words. More than 90% of the participants, junior high school students aged between 12 and 17 years, understood the words. The participants were from both mainland China and Hong Kong, thus the words can be applied to adolescents familiar with either simplified (e.g. in mainland China) or traditional Chinese (e.g. in Hong Kong) with a junior secondary school education or higher. We also established eight words with negative valence, high threat, and high arousal ratings to facilitate future research, especially on attentional and memory biases among individuals prone to anxiety. Thus, the new emotional word list provides a useful source of information for affective research in the Chinese language.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Laboratories, Department of Applied Social Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Samuel M Y
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Psychology Laboratories, Department of Applied Social Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Christine W Y
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Mak
authors.affiliation: Psychology Laboratories, Department of Applied Social Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Dannii
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.affiliation: Psychology Laboratories, Department of Applied Social Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Wenjie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Psychology Laboratories, Department of Applied Social Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Sandy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Psychology Laboratories, Department of Applied Social Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: June C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.affiliation: The Women's Foundation, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ching
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety; D001143:Arousal; D002681:China; D003071:Cognition; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D013060:Speech