title: CD147 expression predicts biochemical recurrence after prostatectomy independent of histologic and pathologic features.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  CD147 is an MMP-inducing protein often implicated in cancer progression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of CD147 in prostate cancer (PCa) progression and the prognostic ability of CD147 in predicting biochemical recurrence after prostatectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma membrane-localized CD147 protein expression was quantified in patient samples using immunohistochemistry and multispectral imaging, and expression was compared to clinico-pathological features (pathologic stage, Gleason score, tumor volume, preoperative PSA, lymph node status, surgical margins, biochemical recurrence status). CD147 specificity and expression were confirmed with immunoblotting of prostate cell lines, and CD147 mRNA expression was evaluated in public expression microarray datasets of patient prostate tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of CD147 protein was significantly decreased in localized tumors (pT2; p = 0.02) and aggressive PCa (≥pT3; p = 0.004), and metastases (p = 0.001) compared to benign prostatic tissue. Decreased CD147 was associated with advanced pathologic stage (p = 0.009) and high Gleason score (p = 0.02), and low CD147 expression predicted biochemical recurrence (HR 0.55; 95 % CI 0.31-0.97; p = 0.04) independent of clinico-pathologic features. Immunoblot bands were detected at 44 kDa and 66 kDa, representing non-glycosylated and glycosylated forms of CD147 protein, and CD147 expression was lower in tumorigenic T10 cells than non-tumorigenic BPH-1 cells (p = 0.02). Decreased CD147 mRNA expression was associated with increased Gleason score and pathologic stage in patient tumors but is not associated with recurrence status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Membrane-associated CD147 expression is significantly decreased in PCa compared to non-malignant prostate tissue and is associated with tumor progression, and low CD147 expression predicts biochemical recurrence after prostatectomy independent of pathologic stage, Gleason score, lymph node status, surgical margins, and tumor volume in multivariable analysis.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology ,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, 7107 Wisconsin Institutes of Medical Research (WIMR), 1111 Highland Ave., 53705, Madison, WI, USA. baumant@wusm.wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Tyler M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Bauman
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology ,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, 7107 Wisconsin Institutes of Medical Research (WIMR), 1111 Highland Ave., 53705, Madison, WI, USA. ewald@urology.wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ewald
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. WHuang@uwhealth.org.|University of Wisconsin O'Brien Urology Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. WHuang@uwhealth.org.|Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. WHuang@uwhealth.org.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology ,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, 7107 Wisconsin Institutes of Medical Research (WIMR), 1111 Highland Ave., 53705, Madison, WI, USA. rickew@urology.wisc.edu.|University of Wisconsin O'Brien Urology Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. rickew@urology.wisc.edu.|Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. rickew@urology.wisc.edu.
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Ricke
mesh_terms: D051926:Basigin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015536:Down-Regulation; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: C497886:BSG protein, human; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051926:Basigin