title: Pharmaceuticals in grocery market fish fillets by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: Occurrences of pharmaceuticals are evident in aquatic organisms. A reproducible gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method using selected ion monitoring (SIM) has been used to determine the anti-histamine diphenhydramine (DPH), anti-anxiety diazepam (DZP), anti-seizure carbamazepine (CZP) drugs and their metabolites in grocery stores fish that were homogenized, extracted, pre-concentrated, cleaned up, and examined. Identifications of the compounds in extracts were obtained by comparing similar mass spectral features and retention properties with standards. Among nine frequently detected drugs, only DPH and DZP were observed and ranged from 0.61 to 6.21 and 1.99 to 16.57 ng/g, respectively, in fourteen fish species. These concentration values were lower than the environmental fish. Mean spike recoveries of analytes exceeded 75% with relative standard deviations (RSD)<10%. The statistically-derived method detection limits (MDLs) for nine compounds ranged from 0.13 to 5.56 ng/g. Average surrogate recoveries were 80-85% with 4-9% RSD.
authors.affiliation: Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Department of Natural Sciences, Northwest Missouri State University, 800 University Drive, Maryville, MO 64468, USA.
authors.forename: Musavvir Arafat
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mottaleb
authors.affiliation: Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Department of Natural Sciences, Northwest Missouri State University, 800 University Drive, Maryville, MO 64468, USA.
authors.forename: Carly
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stowe
authors.affiliation: Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Department of Natural Sciences, Northwest Missouri State University, 800 University Drive, Maryville, MO 64468, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Department of Natural Sciences, Northwest Missouri State University, 800 University Drive, Maryville, MO 64468, USA.
authors.forename: Mohammed J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Meziani
authors.affiliation: Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Department of Natural Sciences, Northwest Missouri State University, 800 University Drive, Maryville, MO 64468, USA. Electronic address: mmottaleb@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: M Abdul
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mottaleb
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions
chemical_list: D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions
keywords: Diazepam; Diphenhydramine; Drugs; Edible fish; GC–MS; Grocery stores; Pharmaceuticals