title: Scrotal Exploration for Testicular Torsion and Testicular Appendage Torsion: Emergency and Reality.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Scrotal exploration is considered the procedure of choice for acute scrotum.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the importance of early diagnosis and testicular salvage on the therapeutic outcomes of patients with pediatric testicular torsion (TT) and testicular appendage torsion (TAT) in our geographic area.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective database analysis of patients who underwent emergency surgery for TT or TAT between January 1996 and June 2009. Patient history, physical examination findings, laboratory test results, color Doppler sonography (CDS) results, and surgical findings were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 65 cases were included in our analysis. Forty-two cases were followed up for at least 3 months. Testicular tenderness was identified as the major clinical manifestation of TT, while only a few patients with TAT presented with swelling. CDS was an important diagnostic modality. The orchiectomy rate was 71% in the TT group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cases of acute scrotum require attention in our area. Early diagnosis and scrotal exploration could salvage the testis or preserve normal function without the need for surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: You
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Zhilin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
keywords: Decompression; Spermatic Cord Torsion; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial