title: Heterozygote of TAP1 Codon637 decreases susceptibility to HPV infection but increases susceptibility to esophageal cancer among the Kazakh populations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) may be involved in the development of esophageal cancer (EC) and the polymorphic immune response gene transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) may be involved in HPV persistence and subsequent cancer carcinogenesis. The current study aims to provide association evidence for HPV with EC, to investigate TAP1 polymorphisms in EC and assess its association with HPV statuses and EC in Kazakhs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The HPV genotypes in 361 patients with EC and 66 controls selected from Kazakh population were evaluated using PCR. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed to detect two SNPs of TAP1 in 150 cases comprised of 75 HPV(+) and 75 HPV(-) patients and 283 pure ethnic population of Kazakh and evaluate their associations with susceptibility to EC. A case-to-case comparison based on the genotyping results was conducted to address the function of TAP1 variants in the involvement of HPV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of four HPV genotypes in EC tissues - including HPV 16, 18, 31, 45 - was significantly higher at 64.6 % than those in controls at 18.2 % (P < 0.001). Such presence was strongly associated with increased risk of EC (OR 8.196; 95 % CI 4.280-15.964). The infection of HPV16, and multi-infection of 16 and 18 significantly increase the risk for developing EC (OR 4.616, 95 % CI 2.099-10.151; and OR 6.029, 95 % CI 1.395-26.057 respectively). Heterozygote of TAP1 D637G had a significantly higher risk for developing EC (OR 1.626; 95 % CI 1.080-2.449). The odds ratio for HPV infection was significantly lower among carriers of TAP1 D637G polymorphism (OR 0.281; 95 % CI 0.144-0.551).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HPV infection exhibits a strong positive association with the risk of EC in Kazakhs. Heterozygote of TAP1 D637G decreases susceptibility to HPV infection in patients with EC but increases susceptibility to EC among the Kazakh populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China. 243226393@qq.com.
authors.forename: Ningjing
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China. 417428883@qq.com.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China. 814235427@qq.com.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China. 578043854@qq.com.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China. 474621590@qq.com.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China. 334672404@qq.com.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China. 617936327@qq.com.
authors.forename: Shumao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China. 649734811@qq.com.
authors.forename: Dandan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China. 1101963241@qq.com.
authors.forename: Ranran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China. 342682442@qq.com.
authors.forename: Chunxia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China. 944873356@qq.com.
authors.forename: Jinfang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China. 87550240@qq.com.
authors.forename: Lianghai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China. 2983987383@qq.com.
authors.forename: Weihua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China. 39189926@qq.com.
authors.forename: Jianming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China. 251068648@qq.com.
authors.forename: Shugang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China. carywu@pitt.edu.|Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA. carywu@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: Chuanyue
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China. 342029924@qq.com.|Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. 342029924@qq.com.
authors.forename: Xiaobin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China. cyz0515@sina.com.|Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. cyz0515@sina.com.
authors.forename: Yunzhao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China. lifeng7855@126.com.|Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. lifeng7855@126.com.
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mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007623:Kazakhstan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000378:metabolism*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000378:metabolism*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D055815:Young Adult