title: Clinical efficacy of spironolactone for resistant hypertension: a meta analysis from randomized controlled clinical trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to determine the current effectiveness and safety of spironolactone for resistant hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pubmed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched to identify studies that used spironolactone as add-on treatment in resistant hypertension patients. The major outcome is reduction of blood pressure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three randomized controlled trials, 5 observational study without control group have been identified. At follow-up review, there was a reduction in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) respectively, of -20.56 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI]: -36.47 to -4.65 mmHg) and -6.04 mm Hg (95% CI: -10.24 to -1.85 mm Hg) in controlled study. In uncontrolled studies, at 6-month follow-up, systolic and diastolic BP were reduced -20.73 mm Hg (95% CI: -25.62 to -15.83 mm Hg) and -8.94 mm Hg (95% CI: -10.82 to -7.05 mm Hg, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spironolactone resulted in the reduction of mean BP in patients with resistant hypertension. The sustained efficacy and safety of spironolactone need to further confirm by large randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Wu Qing TianJin 301700, China.
authors.forename: Hongyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Wu Qing TianJin 301700, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xiao
keywords: Spironolactone; meta analysis; resistant hypertension