title: Familial risk of pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the risk of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in relatives of children with a diagnosis of CRS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective observational cohort study with population-based matched controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  A unique genealogical database linked to medical records was used to identify subjects ≤12 years old with a diagnosis of CRS from 1996 to 2011. The familial recurrence risks of CRS in first- through fifth-degree relatives of probands were calculated using Cox models and compared to controls randomly selected from the Utah population and matched 10:1 on sex and birth year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 496 pediatric patients with CRS. Siblings of patients with CRS demonstrated a 57.5-fold increased risk (P < 10(-8) ) of also having pediatric CRS. First cousins had a 9.0-fold increased risk (P < 10(-3) ) and second cousins had a 2.9-fold increased risk (P = .002) of pediatric CRS. First-degree relatives, second-degree relatives, and first cousins of pediatric cases demonstrated a significant increased risk of having adult CRS. Parents of probands demonstrated a 5.6-fold increased risk (P < 10(-15) ). Fifty-five probands had one affected parent versus three probands with two affected parents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the largest population study to date of children with CRS, a significant familial risk is confirmed. Parents of probands were also at increased risk, although it was much more likely for one parent to be affected than both, suggesting a genetic component of the disease. Further understanding of the genetic basis of CRS and its interplay with environmental factors could clarify the etiology and lead to more effective targeted treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  3b Laryngoscope, 126:739-745, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Quinn
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Orb
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Utah.|Pedigree and Population Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Curtin
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Gretchen M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Oakley
authors.affiliation: Pedigree and Population Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Jathine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Richard R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Orlandi
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Jeremiah A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Alt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D010375:Pedigree; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis; familial risk; genetics; nasal polyposis