title: Proprioceptive Training and Injury Prevention in a Professional Men's Basketball Team: A Six-Year Prospective Study.
abstract: Single limb stance instability is a risk factor for lower extremity injuries. Therefore, the development of proprioception may play an important role in injury prevention. This investigation considered a professional basketball team for 6 years, integrating systematic proprioceptive activity in the training routine. The purpose was to assess the effectiveness of proprioceptive training programs based on quantifiable instability, to reduce ankle sprains, knee sprains, and low back pain through developing refined and long-lasting proprioceptive control. Fifty-five subjects were studied. In the first biennium (2004-2006), the preventive program consisted of classic proprioceptive exercises. In the second biennium (2006-2008), the proprioceptive training became quantifiable and interactive by means of electronic proprioceptive stations. In the third biennium (2008-2010), the intensity and the training volume increased while the session duration became shorter. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the differences in proprioceptive control between groups, years, and bienniums. Injury rates and rate ratios of injury during practices and games were estimated. The results showed a statistically significant reduction in the occurrence of ankle sprains by 81% from the first to the third biennium (p < 0.001). Low back pain showed similar results with a reduction of 77.8% (p < 0.005). The reduction in knee sprains was 64.5% (not significant). Comparing the third biennium with the level of all new entry players, proprioceptive control improved significantly by 72.2% (p < 0.001). These findings indicate that improvements in proprioceptive control in single stance may be a key factor for an effective reduction in ankle sprains, knee sprains, and low back pain.
authors.affiliation: 1International Society of Proprioception and Posture, Turin, Italy; 2Proprioception Center, Turin, Italy; 3Cantù Basketball Team, Cantù, Italy; and 4Epidemiology Unit, Local Health Unit TO3, Piemonte Region, Grugliasco, Italy.
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Riva
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rocca
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mamo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001490:Basketball / Q000293:injuries*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011434:Proprioception; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013180:Sprains and Strains / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult