title: Growth, metabolism of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and route of lignin degradation in response to cadmium stress in solid-state fermentation.
abstract: This study examines the growth, metabolism of Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium) and route of lignin degradation in response to cadmium (Cd) stress in solid-state fermentation of rice straw. Less living fungi biomass was found under Cd exposure, suggesting that Cd had strong toxicity to P. chrysosporium. The maximum values of lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase were 0.34 and 5.21 U g(-1) at the Cd concentration of 32 mg kg(-1), respectively, lower than that in control, which indicated Cd stress would inhibit ligninolytic enzymes. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including hydroxyl radicals (OH), superoxide anion radical (O2(-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) increased after Cd exposure. Higher concentration of oxalate was detected at high Cd concentrations. Cd stress also had influence on the rates of lignocelluloses degradation and the route of lignin degradation. Partial Cd could be removed by P. chrysosporium.
authors.affiliation: College of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
authors.forename: Meihua
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China. Electronic address: gdzcs@gzhu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Chaosheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
authors.forename: Guangming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
authors.forename: Danlian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
authors.forename: Piao
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D005285:Fermentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D020075:Phanerochaete / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D008031:Lignin; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010544:Peroxidases; C042858:lignin peroxidase; C051129:manganese peroxidase
keywords: Cadmium stress; Lignin degradation; Metabolism; Phanerochaete chrysosporium