title: Quantitative Skeletal Muscle MRI: Part 1, Derived T2 Fat Map in Differentiation Between Boys With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Healthy Boys.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to validate derived T2 maps as an objective measure of muscular fat for discrimination between boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and healthy boys.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two boys with DMD (mean age, 9.9 years) and 31 healthy boys (mean age, 11.4 years) were included in the study. Age, body mass index, and clinical function scale grade were evaluated. T1-weighted MR images and T2 maps with and without fat suppression were obtained. Fatty infiltration was graded 0-4 on T1-weighted images, and derived T2 fat values (difference between mean T2 values from T2 maps with and without fat suppression) of the gluteus maximus and vastus lateralis muscles were calculated. Group comparisons were performed. The upper limit of the 95% reference interval of T2 fat values from the control group was applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in age or body mass index between groups. All healthy boys and 19 boys (45.2%) with DMD had a normal clinical function scale grade. Grade 1 fatty infiltration was seen in 90.3% (gluteus maximus) and 71.0% (vastus lateralis) of healthy boys versus 33.3% (gluteus maximus) and 52.4% (vastus lateralis) of boys with DMD. T2 fat values of boys with DMD were significantly longer than in the control group (p < 0.001). Using a 95% reference interval for healthy boys for the gluteus maximus (28.3 milliseconds) allowed complete separation from boys with DMD (100% sensitivity, 100% specificity), whereas the values for the vastus lateralis (7.28 milliseconds) resulted in 83.3% sensitivity and 100% specificity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurement of muscular fat with T2 maps is accurate for differentiating boys with DMD from healthy boys.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039.|2 Department of Radiology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Jennifer H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039.
authors.forename: Hee Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039.
authors.forename: Arnold C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Merrow
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039.
authors.forename: Tal
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laor
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039.
authors.forename: Suraj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Serai
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.|4 Department of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.
authors.forename: Brenda L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology*; D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology*; D020388:Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies
keywords: Duchenne muscular dystrophy; MRI; T2 maps; skeletal muscle