title: Human chemerin correlation in gingival crevicular fluid and tear fluid as markers of inflammation in chronic periodontitis and type-2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels and correlation of human chemerin in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and tear fluid in chronic periodontitis (CP) subjects with and without type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 40 subjects were divided into three groups: group 1 had 10 periodontally healthy subjects; group 2 consisted of 15 CP subjects and group 3 had 15 type-2 DM subjects with CP. The GCF and tear fluid levels of human chemerin were quantified using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Systemic parameters such as body mass index, glycated hemoglobin levels and fasting plasma glucose levels were evaluated. The clinical outcomes evaluated were gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL), and the correlations of the two inflammatory mediators with clinical parameters were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Human chemerin levels increased from group 1 to group 2 to group 3. The GCF and tear-fluid values of the inflammatory mediators correlated positively with each other and with the evaluated periodontal parameters (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human chemerin can be considered as possible GCF and tear-fluid markers of inflammatory activity in CP and DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Kaushik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Patnaik
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Pradeep
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Kanika
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagpal
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Shruti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karvekar
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Grant Medical College and J. J. Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Uttarakhand Government Medical College, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India.
authors.forename: Arjun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raju
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018925:Chemokines / Q000032:analysis*; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000175:diagnosis*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013666:Tears / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D018925:Chemokines; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C478630:RARRES2 protein, human
keywords: chronic periodontitis; diabetes; gingival crevicular fluid; periodontal disease; tear fluid