title: Histopathology-like categories based on endometrial imprint cytology in dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytology of the endometrium is an underused technique in diagnostic pathology. It has been used in the past for endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. Only few studies have used cytology in the diagnosis of dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB). Endometrial imprint cytology has been rarely used except for application of immunocytochemistry in diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was conducted to evaluate whether it is possible to assign histopathology-like diagnosis by imprint cytology and also to evaluate its usefulness in the assessment of patients of dysfunctional uterine bleeding of low clinical suspicion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Imprint smears were made from 93 curettage materials during a study of DUB. Blinded analysis of imprint smears was performed by using McKenzie's criteria and some criteria devised for the requirements of this study. Results of cytology were correlated with histopathology. Statistical analysis was carried out by GraphpadInStat Demo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Majority of the patterns classifiable in histopathology could also be classified in this study on imprint cytology. The overall sensitivity and specificity of cytology in the detection of endometrial patterns in DUB patients were 91.23% and 83.87%, respectively, although the sensitivities and specificities differ according to the phase of endometrium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Histopathology-like categories can be assigned on imprint smears in the diagnosis of DUB. Endometrial imprint cytology can be helpful in centers where histopathology laboratories are not available and even in well-established institutes. It is possible to improve the sensitivity and specificity with better imprinting techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Seema N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Baxi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Nirav S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Panchal
keywords: Cytology in dysfunctional uterine bleeding; direct endometrial smears; endometrial cytology; endometrial imprint