title: Prevalence, Geographic Variation, and Trends in Hospital Services Relevant to the Care of Older Adults: Development of the Senior Care Services Scale and Examination of Measurement Properties.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The availability of hospital services for older adults nationwide is not well understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To present the development of the Senior Care Services Scale (SCSS) through: (1) identification of hospital services relevant to the care of older adults; (2) development of a taxonomy classifying these services; and (3) description of prevalence, geographic variation, and trends in service provision in US hospitals over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study of US hospitals in 1999 and 2006 rounds of American Hospital Association Annual Survey of Hospitals (n=4998 and 4831 hospitals, respectively). Exploratory factor analysis was used to create the SCSS, and confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine services over time. The paper reports prevalence of services nationwide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SCSS consisted of 2 service groups: (1) Inpatient Specialty Care (IP): geriatrics, palliative care, psychiatric geriatrics, pain management, social work, case management, rehabilitation, and hospice; and (2) Postacute Community Care (PA): skilled nursing, intermediate care, other long-term care, assisted living, retirement housing, adult day care, and home health services. Over time, hospitals offered more IP services and fewer PA services. The distribution of services did not mirror the distribution of where older adults reside in the United States.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The development of the SCSS provides important information about senior care services before the passage of the Affordable Care Act. The apparent mismatch of hospital services and demographic trends suggests that many US hospitals may not provide a seamless continuum of care for an increasing population of older adults.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine †Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Baltimore ‡Westat, Rockville, MD §Department of Surgery, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH ∥Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health ¶Department of Community and Public Health, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Alicia I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Arbaje
authors.forename: Qilu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Karina A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Newhall
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leff
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000573:American Hospital Association; D003266:Continuity of Patient Care / Q000145:classification / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000639:trends; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006299:Health Services for the Aged / Q000145:classification / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000639:trends; D006739:Hospital Administration / Q000145:classification / Q000639:trends; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States