title: Molecular mechanisms of gravity perception and signal transduction in plants.
abstract: Gravity is one of the environmental cues that direct plant growth and development. Recent investigations of different gravity signalling pathways have added complexity to how we think gravity is perceived. Particular cells within specific organs or tissues perceive gravity stimulus. Many downstream signalling events transmit the perceived information into subcellular, biochemical, and genomic responses. They are rapid, non-genomic, regulatory, and cell-specific. The chain of events may pass by signalling lipids, the cytoskeleton, intracellular calcium levels, protein phosphorylation-dependent pathways, proteome changes, membrane transport, vacuolar biogenesis mechanisms, or nuclear events. These events culminate in changes in gene expression and auxin lateral redistribution in gravity response sites. The possible integration of these signalling events with amyloplast movements or with other perception mechanisms is discussed. Further investigation is needed to understand how plants coordinate mechanisms and signals to sense this important physical factor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Metabolism Regulation, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska St., 1, Kiev, 02094, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Yaroslav S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kolesnikov
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Metabolism Regulation, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska St., 1, Kiev, 02094, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Serhiy V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Kretynin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Academycheskaya St., 27, Minsk, 220072, Belarus.
authors.forename: Igor D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Volotovsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereschenkivska St., 2, Kyiv, 01004, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Elizabeth L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Kordyum
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Est Créteil, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement, Paris, France.|Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ruelland
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Metabolism Regulation, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska St., 1, Kiev, 02094, Ukraine. kravets@bpci.kiev.ua.
authors.forename: Volodymyr S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Kravets
mesh_terms: D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000502:physiology; D018466:Gravity Sensing; D010766:Phosphorylation; D063245:Plant Development; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D010944:Plants; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins
keywords: Calcium; Cytoskeleton; Gravity; Phospholipase; Phosphorylation; Signalling