title: Venous blood gas analytes during isoflurane anesthesia in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe changes in venous blood gas analytes during isoflurane anesthesia in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  16 black-tailed prairie dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Black-tailed prairie dogs were placed in an anesthesia chamber for induction of general anesthesia, which was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen delivered via mask. Immediately following anesthetic induction, a venous blood sample was obtained from the medial saphenous vein; a second venous blood sample was obtained just prior to anesthetic gas shutoff. An evaluation of venous blood gas analytes was performed on each sample. General linear mixed models with repeated measures were used for data analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median anesthetic time was 90 minutes (range, 60 to 111 minutes). A significant increase from immediately after induction to completion of anesthesia was observed in Pco2 and mean blood chloride ion, BUN, and creatinine concentrations. A decrease in Po2, mean blood pH, and anion gap was observed from induction of anesthesia to completion. No significant differences during anesthesia were observed in mean base excess or blood bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, blood glucose, lactate, and total CO2 concentrations. No complications occurred during or after anesthesia for any animal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Examination of prairie dogs often requires general anesthesia, with isoflurane currently the inhalation agent of choice. Results suggested respiratory acidosis and relative azotemia may occur during isoflurane anesthesia of prairie dogs. Given the increased risk associated with anesthesia in small mammals and the propensity for respiratory disease in prairie dogs, insight into physiologic changes associated with isoflurane anesthesia in healthy prairie dogs can aid in perioperative evaluation and anesthetic monitoring in this rodent species.
authors.forename: Sara M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gardhouse
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eshar
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bello
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mason
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000662:veterinary*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo / Q000502:physiology; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012589:Sciuridae / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D007530:Isoflurane