title: Visual performance of single vision and multifocal contact lenses in non-presbyopic myopic eyes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess visual performance of single vision and multifocal soft contact lenses.
  
  
  METHODS
  At baseline, forty-four myopic participants (aged 18-35 years) were fitted bilaterally with a control lens (AirOptix Aqua). At the four follow-up visits, a total of 16 study lenses (5 single vision, 11 multifocal lenses) were fitted contralaterally. After 1h of lens wear, participants rated (scale 1-10) vision clarity (distance, intermediate and near), magnitude of ghosting at distance, comfort during head movement, and overall comfort. Distance high contrast visual acuity (HCVA), central refraction and higher order aberrations, and contact lens centration were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For single vision lenses, vision ratings were not significantly different to the control (p>0.005). The control outperformed Acuvue Oasys, Clariti Monthly and Night and Day in HCVA (mean VA: -0.10 ± 0.07 logMAR, p<0.005). Most refraction and higher order aberration measures were not different between lenses. The Night and Day lens showed greatest differences compared to the control, i.e., C[4, 0] was more positive (p<0.005) at distance (Δ=0.019 μm) and near (Δ=0.028 μm). For multifocal lenses, the majority of vision ratings (84%) were better with the control (p<0.005). HCVA was better with the control (p<0.005). Proclear Multifocal lenses showed greatest differences for M, C[3, -1] and C[4, 0] at distance and near, and were inferiorly de-centered (p<0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Design differences between single vision lenses had a small impact on visual performance. Lenses featuring multifocality decreased visual performance, in particular when power variations across the optic zone were large and/or the lens was significantly de-centered.
authors.affiliation: Brien Holden Vision Institute, Level 4, North Wing, Rupert Myers Building, Gate 14, Barker Street, UNSW, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: Cathleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fedtke
authors.affiliation: Brien Holden Vision Institute, Level 4, North Wing, Rupert Myers Building, Gate 14, Barker Street, UNSW, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia. Electronic address: r.bakaraju@brienholdenvision.org.
authors.forename: Ravi C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Bakaraju
authors.affiliation: Brien Holden Vision Institute, Level 4, North Wing, Rupert Myers Building, Gate 14, Barker Street, UNSW, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, North Wing, Rupert Myers Building, Gate 14, Barker Street, UNSW, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ehrmann
authors.affiliation: Brien Holden Vision Institute, Level 4, North Wing, Rupert Myers Building, Gate 14, Barker Street, UNSW, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: Jiyoon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Brien Holden Vision Institute, Level 4, North Wing, Rupert Myers Building, Gate 14, Barker Street, UNSW, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: Varghese
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Brien Holden Vision Institute, Level 4, North Wing, Rupert Myers Building, Gate 14, Barker Street, UNSW, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, North Wing, Rupert Myers Building, Gate 14, Barker Street, UNSW, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: Brien A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Holden
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003263:Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000502:physiology*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009216:Myopia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D011305:Presbyopia; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014787:Vision Tests; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Multifocal contact lenses; Myopia; Single vision contact lenses; Visual performance