title: Resin-based composites show similar kinetic profiles for dimensional change and recovery with solvent storage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the sorption, solubility, mass change and hygroscopic expansion (solvent swelling) of resin-composites after long term storage in different solvents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight materials were studied: two bulk-fill flowable materials (SDR and Venus bulk fill, V-BF), a packable bulk-fill material (Tetric Evoceram bulk-fill, TET-BF), a fiber reinforced material (Ever X posterior, EVX), a nano-hybrid conventional material (Tetric Evoceram, TET) and micro-hybrid conventional materials (G-aenial anterior, GA-P and posterior, GA-A). Three groups of disk shaped specimens were prepared using split stainless steel molds. Each group was stored, respectively, in: water, 75% ethanol/water and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). The total storage time was 180 d plus a reconditioning time of 120 d. A non-contact laser scanning micrometer was used to measure the diametral changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences were found in the sorption and solubility of the materials. Generally, MEK stored specimens had the highest values followed by 75% ethanol/water then water. A similar trend was found with the mass and volume changes (except for EVX). V-BF showed the highest sorption (98.1μg/mm(3)) and solubility (10μg/mm(3)) after MEK storage. Mass and volume changes showed near-linear correlation, with high Pearson coefficients (0.86-0.99).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Generally the materials were most greatly affected by MEK storage compared to the other two solvents. The glass-fiber-reinforced EVX, however, was most affected by water immersion. The pattern of change/recovery behavior of the materials, during solvent challenge, was similar to the pattern of viscoelastic creep/recovery behavior of resin-composite materials.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hanan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Al Sunbul
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. Electronic address: nick.silikas@manchester.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Silikas
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. Electronic address: david.watts@manchester.ac.uk.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Watts
mesh_terms: D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D004356:Drug Storage; D007700:Kinetics; D008422:Materials Testing; D012995:Solubility; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D012997:Solvents
keywords: Bulk-fill; Creep; Hygroscopic expansion; Kinetics; Mass change; Resin-composites; Solubility; Solvents; Water sorption