title: Effect of daily intake of pomegranate juice on fecal microbiota and feces metabolites from healthy volunteers.
abstract: METHODS
  The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect, regarding the metabolic and microbial profile of feces, of diet supplementation of healthy adults with pomegranate juice (PJ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve healthy adults were recruited to the study, which consisted of the intake of 200 mL/day of PJ during 4 weeks. Feces were collected before and after the supplementation with PJ. Metabolites (phenolic catabolites, short-chain fatty acids, and fecal steroids) and microbial profile were analyzed at baseline and at 4 weeks. Fecal phenolic metabolites, 3-phenylpropionic acid, catechol, hydroxytyrosol, and urolithin A, showed a significant increase in their concentration after supplementation with PJ. Among fecal steroids, parallel to the significant increase of cholesterol concentration, a significant decrease of coprostanol was observed. Although no significant changes in the microbiota profile were observed, different relationships between initial microbiota and the metabolites produced were found. Catechol showed positive and negative correlation with Oscillospora and Paraprevotella genera, respectively, and 3-phenylpropionic acid was positively correlated with Odoribacter genus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inclusion of PJ in the diet did not significantly alter the gut microbiota composition in healthy adults, but the individual bacterial composition could contribute to the generation of potential health-promoting phenolic metabolites.
authors.affiliation: Food Technology Department, Agrotecnio Center, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Juana I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Mosele
authors.affiliation: Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Genómica y Salud de la Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO-Salud Pública) y del Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva (Universitat de València), València, Spain.|CIBERESP (Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica de Epidemiología y Salud Pública), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María-José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gosalbes
authors.affiliation: Food Technology Department, Agrotecnio Center, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macià
authors.affiliation: Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research (URLA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, IISPV, Technological Center of Nutrition and Health (CTNS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rubió
authors.affiliation: Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Genómica y Salud de la Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO-Salud Pública) y del Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva (Universitat de València), València, Spain.|CIBERESP (Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica de Epidemiología y Salud Pública), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jorge F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Castellanos
authors.affiliation: Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Genómica y Salud de la Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO-Salud Pública) y del Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva (Universitat de València), València, Spain.|CIBERESP (Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica de Epidemiología y Salud Pública), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jiménez Hernández
authors.affiliation: Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Genómica y Salud de la Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO-Salud Pública) y del Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva (Universitat de València), València, Spain.|CIBERESP (Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica de Epidemiología y Salud Pública), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moya
authors.affiliation: Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Genómica y Salud de la Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO-Salud Pública) y del Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva (Universitat de València), València, Spain.|CIBERESP (Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica de Epidemiología y Salud Pública), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Amparo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Latorre
authors.affiliation: Food Technology Department, Agrotecnio Center, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: María-José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Motilva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D029561:Lythraceae; D008297:Male; D064307:Microbiota / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D013256:Steroids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D010636:Phenols; D013256:Steroids
keywords: Fecal steroids; Microbiota; Phenolic compounds; Pomegranate; Short-chain fatty acids