title: Pyrolysis and catalytic upgrading of Citrus unshiu peel.
abstract: Ex situ catalytic pyrolysis of Citrus unshiu (C. unshiu) peel was performed using a tandem μ-reactor-GC/MS consisting of two sequential furnaces. The pyrolyzates of C. unshiu peel, composed mainly of alcohols, ketones and furans produced in the 1st furnace of the reactor, were upgraded to aromatics by the use of catalysts in the 2nd furnace. Compared to wood powder, C. unshiu peel produced larger amounts of aromatics over HZSM-5(23). Among the various catalysts, HZSM-5(23) and HBETA(25) showed high aromatic yields, 6.78 C% and 9.69 C%, respectively. HBETA(25) produced large amounts of undesirable PAHs (3.59 C%). During the sequential catalytic upgrading test, the yield of BTEXs (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes) over HZSM-5(23) was reduced more slowly than that over HBETA(25) because of the slower deactivation of HZSM-5(23), which suggests that HZSM-5(23) is a more stable catalyst than the other catalysts used in this study during the sequential catalytic upgrading of C. unshiu peel pyrolyzates.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, South Korea.
authors.forename: Beom-Sik
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, South Korea; Frontier Laboratories Ltd., 1-8-14, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8862, Japan.
authors.forename: Young-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, South Korea; Department of Clean Energy and Chemical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-355, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jungho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jae
authors.affiliation: Frontier Laboratories Ltd., 1-8-14, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8862, Japan.
authors.forename: Chuichi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seungdo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Education, Mokpo National University, Muan 534-729, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Chai
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, South Korea. Electronic address: catalica@uos.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Young-Kwon
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D002384:Catalysis; D002606:Charcoal / Q000032:analysis; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D003077:Coke; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005740:Gases / Q000032:analysis; D007477:Ions; D009821:Oils / Q000032:analysis; D011208:Powders; D013696:Temperature; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis*; D017641:Zeolites / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003077:Coke; D005740:Gases; D007477:Ions; D009821:Oils; D011208:Powders; D014866:Waste Products; C540010:biochar; D017641:Zeolites; D002606:Charcoal
keywords: Catalytic upgrading; Citrus unshiu peel; HBETA; HZSM-5; Tandem μ-reactor–GC/MS