title: Improvement of Fat Transplantation: Fat Graft With Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Oxygen-Generating Microspheres.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Autologous fat transplantation has become increasingly popular in plastic surgery. However, high resorption rate limits the utility of this technique. To address this problem, this study examined fat transplantation with oxygen-generating microspheres and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rats were assigned to four groups. Group 1 had fat transplantation only; group 2, fat transplantation with oxygen-generating microspheres; group 3, fat transplantation with ASCs; group 4, fat transplantation with oxygen-generating microspheres and ASCs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At postoperative 2 weeks, compared to the control group, weight and volume increased significantly in groups 3 and 4. The survival distance of fat cells from the margin of transplanted tissue was 247 μm in group 1, 379 μm group 2, 521 μm in group 3, and 669 μm in group 4. All of the experimental groups were significantly increased. Growth factors (fibroblast growth factor- 2 [FGF-2], insulin-like growth factor-1, epidermal growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor) analysis was performed through real-time polymerase chain reaction. Compared to the control group, the mean of the periods was statistically significant at FGF-2 in group 3 and FGF-2, insulin-like growth factor-1, and epidermal growth factor in group 4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, fat transplantation was improved with oxygen-generating microspheres and ASCs. The oxygen-generating microspheres supply oxygen to adipocytes and ASCs where diffusion does not occur, increasing cell survival rate. Surviving ASCs become involved in the metabolic processes for adipocytes and induce angiogenesis. Therefore, fat transplantation result was improved. Excessive oxygen supply, however, reduces angiogenesis and may cause oxygen toxicity. So, further evaluation of oxygen-generating microspheres is necessary for application to tissues to determine appropriate oxygen concentration and a valid oxygen release period.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University; and †Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Woo
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Yong-Ha
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tae Gon
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jun Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyu Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Jeong Ok
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Jeong Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation*; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008863:Microspheres; D010100:Oxygen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000637:transplantation*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010100:Oxygen