title: Comparative effects of parathion and chlorpyrifos on endocannabinoid and endocannabinoid-like lipid metabolites in rat striatum.
abstract: Parathion and chlorpyrifos are organophosphorus insecticides (OPs) that elicit acute toxicity by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The endocannabinoids (eCBs, N-arachidonoylethanolamine, AEA; 2-arachidonoylglycerol, 2AG) are endogenous neuromodulators that regulate presynaptic neurotransmitter release in neurons throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. While substantial information is known about the eCBs, less is known about a number of endocannabinoid-like metabolites (eCBLs, e.g., N-palmitoylethanolamine, PEA; N-oleoylethanolamine, OEA). We report the comparative effects of parathion and chlorpyrifos on AChE and enzymes responsible for inactivation of the eCBs, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), and changes in the eCBs AEA and 2AG and eCBLs PEA and OEA, in rat striatum. Adult, male rats were treated with vehicle (peanut oil, 2 ml/kg, sc), parathion (27 mg/kg) or chlorpyrifos (280 mg/kg) 6-7 days after surgical implantation of microdialysis cannulae into the right striatum, followed by microdialysis two or four days later. Additional rats were similarly treated and sacrificed for evaluation of tissue levels of eCBs and eCBLs. Dialysates and tissue extracts were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. AChE and FAAH were extensively inhibited at both time-points (85-96%), while MAGL activity was significantly but lesser affected (37-62% inhibition) by parathion and chlorpyrifos. Signs of toxicity were noted only in parathion-treated rats. In general, chlorpyrifos increased eCB levels while parathion had no or lesser effects. Early changes in extracellular AEA, 2AG and PEA levels were significantly different between parathion and chlorpyrifos exposures. Differential changes in extracellular and/or tissue levels of eCBs and eCBLs could potentially influence a number of signaling pathways and contribute to selective neurological changes following acute OP intoxications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Committee on Neurobiology of Affective Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Loren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States. Electronic address: carey.pope@okstate.edu.
authors.forename: Carey
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pope
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000577:Amides; D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D063388:Endocannabinoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000378:metabolism; D005989:Glycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008994:Monoacylglycerol Lipases / Q000378:metabolism; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D010169:Palmitic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D010278:Parathion / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013997:Time Factors; D000099252:Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases
chemical_list: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D000577:Amides; D000581:Amidohydrolases; D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D004390:Chlorpyrifos; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D004983:Ethanolamines; D005989:Glycerides; D008994:Monoacylglycerol Lipases; D009829:Oleic Acids; D010169:Palmitic Acids; D010278:Parathion; D000099252:Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases; C033595:N-oleoylethanolamine; C005958:palmidrol; C094503:glyceryl 2-arachidonate
keywords: 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol; Acetylcholinesterase; Anandamide; Cannabinoid; Cholinergic; Endocannabinoid-like; N-oleoylethanolamine; N-palmitoylethanolamine; Organophosphorus