title: No one's discussing the elephant in the room: contemplating questions of research impact and benefit in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australian health research.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There remains a concern that Indigenous Australians have been over-researched without corresponding improvements in their health; this trend is applicable to most Indigenous populations globally. This debate article has a dual purpose: 1) to open a frank conversation about the value of research to Indigenous Australian populations; and 2) to stimulate ways of thinking about potential resolutions to the lack of progress made in the Indigenous research benefit debate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Capturing the meaning of research benefit takes the form of ethical value-oriented methodological considerations in the decision-making processes of Indigenous research endeavours. Because research practices come from Western knowledge bases, attaining such positions in research means reconciling both Indigenous and Western knowledge systems to produce new methodologies that guide planning, evaluating and monitoring of research practices as necessary. Increasingly, more sophisticated performance measures have been implemented to ensure academic impact and benefits are captured. Assessing societal and other non-academic impacts and benefits however, has not been accorded corresponding attention. Research reform has only focussed on research translation in more recent years. The research impact debate must take account of the various standards of accountability (to whom), impact priorities (for whom), positive and negative impacts, and biases that operate in describing impact and measuring benefit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A perennial question in Indigenous research discourse is whether the abundance of research conducted; purportedly to improve health, is justified and benefits Indigenous people in ways that are meaningful and valued by them. Different research stakeholders have different conceptions of the value and nature of research, its conduct, what it should achieve and the kinds of benefits expected. We need to work collaboratively and listen more closely to the voice of Indigenous Australians to better understand, demonstrate and measure health research benefits. The authors conclude that as an imperative, a systematic benefit assessment strategy that includes identification of research priorities and planning, monitoring and evaluation components needs to be developed and implemented across research projects. In Indigenous health research, this will often mean adopting a benefit-led approach by changing the way research is done and preferencing alternative research methodologies. As a point of departure to improving impact and reaching mutually beneficial outcomes for researchers and partners in Indigenous health research, we need to routinise the assessment of benefit from outset of research as one of the standards toward which we work.
authors.affiliation: The Cairns Institute, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia. roxanne.bainbridge@jcu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Roxanne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bainbridge
authors.affiliation: The Cairns Institute, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia. komla.tsey@jcu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Komla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsey
authors.affiliation: The Cairns Institute, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia. janya.mccalman@jcu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Janya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McCalman
authors.affiliation: The Cairns Institute, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia. irina.kinchin@jcu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kinchin
authors.affiliation: Midwifery and Nutrition, School of Nursing, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville City, Queensland, 4811, Australia. vicki.saunders@my.jcu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Vicki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.affiliation: Indigenous Centre, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia. felecia.watkin@jcu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Felecia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Watkin Lui
authors.affiliation: Indigenous Centre, James Cook University, James Cook Drive, Townsville City, Queensland, 4811, Australia. yvonne.cadetjames@jcu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cadet-James
authors.affiliation: Indigenous Research Unit, Griffith University Nathan Campus, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia. adrian.miller@griffith.edu.au.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia. kenny.lawson@jcu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Kenny
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lawson
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006302:Health Services Research / Q000458:organization & administration*; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans