title: Phase-Resolved Doppler Optical Coherence Tomographic Features in Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study patients diagnosed with retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) based on conventional imaging techniques with phase-resolved Doppler optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect and localize blood flow in RAP lesions; and to compare these findings to conventional imaging, which are mostly invasive and give limited information concerning intra- and transretinal blood flow.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-center, consecutive observational case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve treatment-naïve patients diagnosed with RAP based on fundus examination, fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography were included. Median age was 79 years (range 65-90). Patients were imaged with an experimental 1040 nm swept-source phase-resolved Doppler OCT instrument. Abnormal flow was defined as intraretinal neovascularization or retinal choroidal anastomosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 11 patients adequate phase-resolved Doppler OCT images were obtained showing abnormal blood flow in the RAP lesion. In 4 patients a retinal choroidal anastomosis was found, 3 patients showed intraretinal neovascularization connected with a pigment epithelial detachment, 2 patients showed only intraretinal neovascularization, and in 2 patients flow was limited to the subretinal or sub-retinal pigment epithelial space.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phase-resolved Doppler OCT is able to detect and localize abnormal blood flow within RAP lesions. Blood flow was mostly confined to the intraretinal structures with or without a connecting pigment epithelial detachment; in one-third of patients a retinal choroidal anastomosis was detected. The potential of angiography with phase-resolved Doppler OCT to accurately distinguish between normal and pathologic blood flow in addition to structural OCT data without invasive procedures will help to further elucidate both retinal and choroidal vascular pathologies like RAP.
authors.affiliation: Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Medical Retina Service, Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sankha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amarakoon
authors.affiliation: Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.affiliation: Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Boy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Braaf
authors.affiliation: Medical Retina Service, Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yzer
authors.affiliation: Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Medical Retina Service, Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Missotten
authors.affiliation: Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Medical Retina Service, Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Electronic address: m.vanvelthoven@oogziekenhuis.nl.
authors.forename: Mirjam E J
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: van Velthoven
authors.affiliation: Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics Amsterdam, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johannes F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: de Boer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology*; D015861:Retinal Neovascularization / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*