title: Sympathetic Block as a New Treatment for Lymphedema.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) not only has physical implications, but also affects the quality of life in breast cancer survivors. Despite numerous studies of various therapies, the optimal treatment for BCRL is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we investigated the efficacy of sympathetic blockade (thoracic sympathetic ganglion block, [TSGB]) in treating BCRL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral center/teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  TSGB was performed in 35 patients under fluoroscopic guidance. First, arm circumference and Lymphedema and Breast Cancer Questionnaire [LBCQ] score were assessed before TSGB and 2 weeks and 2 months after the procedure. Efficacy was defined as a ≥ 50% reduction in the LBCQ score and a ≥ 50% decrease in the circumference difference between the unaffected and affected arms 2 months after TSGB. Second, TSGB efficacy according to the lymphedema stage and the period between BCRL onset and TSGB (< 6 months vs. > 6 months) was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The arm circumference and LBCQ score significantly decreased at 2 months (P < 0.001), and 65.7% of patients showed good efficacy. Patients with high stage lymphedema showed improved efficacy after TSGB compared to those with low stage disease (P = 0.045). The TSGB efficacy did not differ according to the period between BCRL onset and TSGB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study was not a randomized prospective controlled study and did not compare the therapeutic outcomes to those in a conservative treatment group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TSGB in BCRL patients appears to be effective in decreasing the affected arm circumference. TSGB may be an alternative option in BCRL patients who do not respond to conservative therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine., Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Bundang-gu Korea.
authors.forename: Eunjoo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Francis Sahngun
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Nahm
authors.forename: Pyung-Bok
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001132:Arm / Q000473:pathology; D001340:Autonomic Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome