title: Penile lichen sclerosus: An urologist's nightmare! - A single center experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Penile lichen sclerosus (LS) is a nagging condition and its progression result in devastating urinary and sexual problems and reduction in the quality-of-life. This study has been carried out to present our experience about this disease with simultaneous review of the available literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study has been done at a tertiary care center of eastern India. The data of 306 patients affected with LS were analyzed for clinical presentation, physical examination, investigations, and treatment offered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Presenting symptoms were non-specific. The prepuce was most commonly involved location followed by glans and meatus. Urethral involvement was not isolated as the primary site. Circumcision was done in 237 patients, while 63 patients underwent meatotomy. Thirty-six of 39 cases of LS induced stricture were treated with buccal mucosal graft (BMG) either in one stage or in two stages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LS varies from being a highly aggressive disease of the penis and anterior urethra to a burnt out condition affecting just the meatus and surrounding glans. Early diagnosis and treatment are required to prevent its complication and associated morbidity. Management depends on the anatomical location of lesion, extent of involvement, rapidity of progression and its severity. Use of BMG in LS induced urethral stricture has shown encouraging results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, IPGMER and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Jitendra Pratap
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, IPGMER and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Vinod
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Priyadarshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, IPGMER and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Hemant Kumar
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, IPGMER and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Mukesh Kumar
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Vijay
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, IPGMER and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Dilip Kumar
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, IPGMER and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Sudip
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, IPGMER and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Anup Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Kundu
keywords: Balanitis xerotica obliterans; lichen sclerosus; meatal stenosis; penis; urethral stricture