title: Geographic distribution of ATP7B mutations in Wilson disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Geographic distribution of ATP7B mutations in different populations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To summarise common mutations in the ATP7B gene and graphically illustrate their prevalence in different populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was done using PubMed and the Wilson Disease Mutation Database (http://www.wilsondisease.med.ualberta.ca/database).
  
  
  RESULTS
  p.His1069Gln is the most prevalent mutation seen in Europe. In the Mediterranean countries, the array of prevalent mutations is different from the rest of Europe. In Far East Asian countries, the mutation p.Arg778Leu is the most common. In India, no single mutation seems to be dominant, owing to the vast ethnic diversity of the country. The p.Cys271* mutation is dominant in the east, west and south, but not reported in the north. In the Middle East, data from Saudi Arabia shows the p.Gln1399Arg mutation as the most prevalent. In the US, the p.His1069Gln is dominant, whereas in Brazil the mutation c.3402delC dominates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical features in WD patients can be misleading and often absent. Genetic testing is used to confirm the diagnosis. However, owing to the large gene size and vast diversity in the mutations, genetic testing can be time-consuming and tedious. This study reviews ATP7B mutations seen in different populations and can help develop time-saving methods and expediate the process of genetic analysis of WD.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Dietetics and Nutrition , Harokopio University of Athens , Athens , Greece and.|b Wilson Disease Clinic, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital & Medical Research Institute , Mumbai , India.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: a Department of Dietetics and Nutrition , Harokopio University of Athens , Athens , Greece and.
authors.forename: George V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Dedoussis
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000235:genetics*; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D003300:Copper; D000073840:Copper-Transporting ATPases; D004032:Diet; D005060:Europe; D005843:Geography; D006527:Hepatolenticular Degeneration / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D003300:Copper; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C000612464:ATP7B protein, human; D000073840:Copper-Transporting ATPases
keywords: Asymptomatic; diagnosis; diversity; prevalent