title: Costs of Development and Maintenance of an Internet Program for Teens with Type 1 Diabetes.
abstract: Many adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have difficulty completing self-management tasks within the context of their social environments. Group-based approaches to psycho-educational support have been shown to prevent declines in glucose control, but are challenging to implement due to youths' many activities and costs. A novel solution is providing psycho-educational support via the internet. The purpose of this study is to describe the cost of developing and maintaining two internet psycho-educational programs, both of which have been shown to improve health outcomes in adolescents with T1D. We calculated actual costs of personnel and programming in the development of TEENCOPE™and Managing Diabetes, two highly interactive programs that were evaluated in a multi-site clinical trial (n=320). Cost calculations were set at U.S. dollars and converted to value for 2013 as expenses were incurred over 6 years. Development costs over 1.5 years totaled $324,609, with the majority of costs being for personnel to develop and write content in a creative and engaging format, to get feedback from teens on content and a prototype, and IT programming. Maintenance of the program, including IT support, a part-time moderator to assure safety of the discussion board (0.5-1 hour/week), and yearly update of content was $43,845/year, or $137.00 per youth over 4.5 years. Overall, program and site development were relatively expensive, but the program reach was high, including non-white youth from 4 geographically distinct regions. Once developed, maintenance was minimal. With greater dissemination, cost-per-youth would decrease markedly, beginning to offset the high development expense.
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grey
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liberti
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Whittemore
keywords: Cost; Economics; Internet intervention; Type 1 Diabetes; eHealth