title: Interference of the Hope Hemoglobin With Hemoglobin A1c Results.
abstract: Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is now considered to be the marker of choice in diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus, based on the results of certain landmark clinical trials. Herein, we report the case of a 52-year-old ethnic Southeast Asian Indian man with impaired glucose tolerance whose glycated hemoglobin (ie, HbA1c) levels, as measured via Bio-Rad D10 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Roche Tina-quant immunoassay were 47.8% and 44.0%, respectively. No variant hemoglobin (Hb) peak was observed via the D10 chromatogram. We assayed the patient specimen on the Sebia MINICAP capillary electrophoresis platform; the HbA1c level was 6.8%, with a large variant Hb peak of 42.0%. This finding suggested the possible presence of the heterozygous Hb Hope, which can result in spuriously elevated HbA1c results on HPLC and turbidimetric immunoassays. Although the capillary electrophoresis system was able to identify the variant, the A1c results should not be considered accurate due to overlapping of the variant and adult Hb peaks on the electrophoretogram reading. Hb Hope is usually clinically silent but can present such analytical challenges. Through this case study, we critically discuss the limitations of various HbA1c assay methods, highlighting the fact that laboratory professionals need to be aware of occurrences of Hb Hope, to help ensure patient safety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Peerless Hospital and B. K. Roy Research Centre, Kolkata, India dr_sutirtha@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sutirtha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.affiliation: B. P. Poddar Hospital and Medical Research Limited, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Dalia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chanda
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Peerless Hospital and B. K. Roy Research Centre, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Mithun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gain
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, National Neurosciences Center, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Prasad
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krishnan
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006403:Hematologic Tests; D006455:Hemoglobins, Abnormal / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006455:Hemoglobins, Abnormal; C038623:hemoglobin Hope
keywords: HPLC; HbA1c; capillary electrophoresis; hemoglobin Hope; immunoassay; interference