title: Beneficial effect of pentoxifylline into the testis of rats in an experimental model of unilateral hindlimb ischemia/reperfusion injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of pentoxifylline (PTX) on remote testicular injury caused by unilateral hind limb ischemia/reperfusion of rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into two groups: ischemia/reperfusion (IR group) and ischemia/reperfusion + pentoxifylline (IR+PTX group). Ischemia was induced by placement of a rubber tourniquet at the greater trochanter for 2h. Rats in IR+PTX group received PTX (40 mg/kg IP) before the reperfusion period. At 24h after reperfusion, testes were removed and levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were determined in testicular tissues. Three rats of each group were used for wet/ dry weight ratio measurement. Testicular tissues were also examined histopathologically under light microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Activities of SOD and CAT in testicular tissues were decreased by ischemia/ reperfusion (P<0.05). Significantly increased MDA levels in testicular tissues were decreased by PTX treatment (P<0.05). MPO activity in testicular tissues in the IR group was significantly higher than in the IR+PTX group (P<0.05). The wet/dry weight ratio of testicular tissues in the IR group was significantly higher than in the IR+PTX group (P<0.05). Histopathologically, there was a statistically significant difference between two groups (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to histological and biochemical findings, we conclude that PTX has preventive effects in the testicular injury induced by hind limb ischemia/reperfusion.
authors.affiliation: Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ashrafzadeh
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Takhtfooladi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran.
authors.forename: Fariborz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moayer
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamed Ashrafzadeh
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Takhtfooladi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000032:analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000032:analysis; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000032:analysis; D013737:Testis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D010431:Pentoxifylline