title: Which individuals are at increased risk of pneumococcal disease and why? Impact of COPD, asthma, smoking, diabetes, and/or chronic heart disease on community-acquired pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease.
abstract: Pneumococcal disease (including community-acquired pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease) poses a burden to the community all year round, especially in those with chronic underlying conditions. Individuals with COPD, asthma or who smoke, and those with chronic heart disease or diabetes mellitus have been shown to be at increased risk of pneumococcal disease compared with those without these risk factors. These conditions, and smoking, can also adversely affect patient outcomes, including short-term and long-term mortality rates, following pneumonia. Community-acquired pneumonia, and in particular pneumococcal pneumonia, is associated with a significant economic burden, especially in those who are hospitalised, and also has an impact on a patient's quality of life. Therefore, physicians should target individuals with COPD, asthma, heart disease or diabetes mellitus, and those who smoke, for pneumococcal vaccination at the earliest opportunity at any time of the year.
authors.affiliation: Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERes), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Antoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Fondazione Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blasi
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Vaccines, Medical Affairs Europe, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dartois
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akova
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000150:complications*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D011018:Pneumonia, Pneumococcal / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae
chemical_list: D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines
keywords: Asthma; Bacterial Infection; COPD Exacerbations; Pneumonia