title: Bacteria and osteoblast adhesion to chitosan immobilized titanium surface: A race for the surface.
abstract: In order to evaluate the anti-infective efficacy of the titanium implant materials, two co-culture systems, a low-bacteria/osteoblast (L-B) and a high-bacteria/osteoblast system (H-B), were established. Untreated (UN-Ti), sulfuric acid-treated (SA-Ti), and chitosan immobilized titanium (SA-CS-Ti) materials were developed and evaluated. Bacteria and osteoblast behaviors, including initial attachment (evaluated at 30 mins), adhesion (evaluated at 4 h), and osteoblast spreading on each material surface were evaluated using quantification assays, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and confocal microscopy. Quantification analysis at 30 mins showed significantly higher number of osteoblast present on SA-CS-Ti in both L-B (10,083 ± 2626) and H-B (23,592 ± 2233) than those on the UN-Ti (p<0.05). SEM observation and confocal microscopy results showed more surface area was occupied by adhered osteoblasts on SA-CS-Ti than UN-Ti and SA-Ti in both co-culture systems at 30 mins. At all time points, SA-CS-Ti had the lowest level of bacterial adhesion compared to UN-Ti and SA-Ti in both co-culture systems. A significantly (p<0.05) lower number of bacteria were recovered from SA-CS-Ti (2233 ± 681) in the H-B system compared to UN-Ti (5367 ± 1662) and SA-Ti (4533 ± 680) at 4h. Quantitative and qualitative co-culture results show the great potential of chitosan immobilization onto implant materials to prevent implant-associated infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, 4800 North Career Avenue, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107, USA.
authors.forename: Berit L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Foss
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, 4800 North Career Avenue, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107, USA.
authors.forename: Niranjan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ghimire
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Massachusetts, One University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
authors.forename: Ruogu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Massachusetts, One University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA. Electronic address: yuyu_sun@uml.edu.
authors.forename: Yuyu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, 4800 North Career Avenue, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107, USA. Electronic address: Ying.Deng@usd.edu.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002460:Cell Line; D048271:Chitosan; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000737:chemistry*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000502:physiology*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D048271:Chitosan; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Anti-infective; Chitosan immobilized titanium; Co-culture; Implant; Osteoblast