title: Antibodies to VP1 of swine pasivirus in humans without evidence of transmission from a pig source.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Swine pasivirus (SPaV1) is a recently described enteric virus close to human parechoviruses and highly prevalent in pigs. Antibodies to Escherichia coli-expressed VP1 of SpaV1 have been found in a majority of humans in China.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objectives were to estimate the antibody prevalence in a European country, to test if exposure to the virus was linked to pig products and if this exposure was a risk factor for the development of diabetes type 1.
  
  
  METHODS
  An ELISA test was developed and used to screen 842 healthy subjects with known exposure to pig products, 39 patients with diabetes type 1 and 20 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified a high seroprevalence (15.6%) reacting to VP1 of SPaV1 among healthy human subjects. Analysis of risk factors argues against cross-species transmission from pigs as the source of infection. Data also indicate that the presence of SPaV1 VP1-binding antibodies is not associated with diabetes type 1 in humans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the seroreactivity frequently found in humans against SpaV1 is due to cross-reactivity with related antigen, perhaps a picornavirus, and that SpaV1 is not a zoonotic virus.
authors.affiliation: Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; UMR INRA 1282, Tours, France.
authors.forename: Francoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.affiliation: Université Lille 2 Faculté de Médecine, CHRU Lille Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Loos-lez-Lille, 59120, France.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hober
authors.affiliation: University Hospital, Infectious Diseases Department, Tours, France.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chaussade
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur, Laboratory of Pathogen Discovery, Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, F-75724 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dumarest
authors.affiliation: Université Lille 2 Faculté de Médecine, CHRU Lille Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Loos-lez-Lille, 59120, France.
authors.forename: Famara
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sané
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme de Production de Protéines Recombinantes, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Mireille
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nowakowsjki
authors.affiliation: Mutualité Sociale Agricole, Bagnolet, France.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rigaud
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme de Production de Protéines Recombinantes, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bellalou
authors.affiliation: Université Jules Vernes, CHR Amiens, France.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Desailloud
authors.affiliation: Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coursaget
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur, Laboratory of Pathogen Discovery, Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, F-75724 Paris, France; PathoQuest, Bâtiment François Jacob, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France. Electronic address: marc.eloit@pasteur.fr.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eloit
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D003429:Cross Reactions; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010849:Picornaviridae / Q000276:immunology*; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000821:virology; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins
keywords: Human; Parechovirus; Pasivirus; Picornaviridae; Swine; Zoonosis