title: Moving the Needle: Simulation's Impact on Patient Outcomes.
abstract: This review investigates the available literature that addresses the impact simulator training has on patient outcomes. The authors conducted a comprehensive literature search of studies reporting outcomes of simulation training and categorized studies based on the Kirkpatrick model of training evaluation. Kirkpatrick level 4 studies reporting patient outcomes were identified and included in this review. Existing evidence is promising, demonstrating patient benefits as a result of simulation training for central line placement, obstetric emergencies, cataract surgery, laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair, and team training.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, 1025 Morehead Medical Drive, Suite 300, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA.
authors.forename: Tiffany
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Baystate Medical Center, 759 Chestnut Street, Springfield, MA 01199, USA.
authors.forename: Neal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Seymour
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Carolinas Simulation Center, Carolinas Medical Center, Carolinas Healthcare System, 1025 Morehead Medical Drive, Suite 300, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA. Electronic address: dimitrios.stefanidis@carolinashealthcare.org.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stefanidis
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction; D003479:Curriculum; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D004650:Employee Performance Appraisal; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005246:Feedback; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D008348:Manikins; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Kirkpatrick level; Operating room; Patient outcomes; Simulation; Surgery; Transfer of skills; Virtual reality