title: Stromal vascular stem cell treatment decreases muscle fibrosis following chronic rotator cuff tear.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rotator cuff injuries are associated with atrophy and fat infiltration into the muscle, commonly referred to as "fatty degeneration." As the poor function of chronically torn muscles may limit recovery after surgical repair, there is considerable interest in finding therapies to enhance muscle regeneration. Stromal vascular fraction stem cells (SVFCs) can improve muscle regeneration in other chronic injury states, and our objective was to evaluate the ability of SVFCs to reduce fibrosis and fat accumulation, and enhance muscle fibre specific force production after chronic rotator cuff tear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chronic supraspinatus tears were induced in adult immunodeficient rats, and repaired one month following tear. Rats received vehicle control, or injections of 3 × 10(5) or 3 × 10(6) human SVFCs into supraspinatus muscles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two weeks following repair, we detected donor human DNA and protein in SVFC treated muscles. There was a 40 % reduction in fibrosis in the treated groups compared to controls (p = 0.03 for 3 × 10(5), p = 0.04 for 3 × 10(6)), and no differences between groups for lipid content or force production were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As there has been much interest in the use of stem cell-based therapies in musculoskeletal regenerative medicine, the reduction in fibrosis and trend towards an improvement in single fiber contractility suggest that SVFCs may be beneficial to enhance the treatment and recovery of patients with chronic rotator cuff tears.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB 2017, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.|Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gumucio
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB 2017, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Flood
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB 2017, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.
authors.forename: Stuart M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Roche
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB 2017, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.|Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.|Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Kristoffer B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Sugg
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Adeyiza O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Momoh
authors.affiliation: Tissue Genesis, Inc., Honolulu, HI, USA.
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Kosnik
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB 2017, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.
authors.forename: Asheesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bedi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB 2017, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA. cmendias@umich.edu.|Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. cmendias@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Mendias
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D000070636:Rotator Cuff Injuries; D017154:Stromal Cells; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000628:therapy*; D014945:Wound Healing
keywords: Fatty degeneration; Fibrosis; Myosteatosis; Rotator cuff; Stromal vascular fraction stem cell