title: Dramatic recovery of steroid-refractory relapsed multiple sclerosis following Fingolimod discontinuation using selective immune adsorption.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Selective immune adsorption (SIA) is an emerging method for treating immune-mediated neurological diseases, given its superior safety profile compared to plasma exchange (PEX). However, the available literature concerning Multiple Sclerosis includes no cases of SIA applied to steroid-refractory rebound after Fingolimod discontinuation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here we report the case of a 32-year-old woman suffering from multiple sclerosis treated with Fingolimod and admitted to a Multiple Sclerosis Centre after drug discontinuation due to the occurrence of lymphopenia. During the few weeks preceding admission, the patient experienced progressive and severe neurological deterioration that did not respond to an initial cycle of pulsed high doses of intravenous 6-methyl prednisolone (IVMP). Given the ineffectiveness of a second cycle of IVMP, the patient was treated with plasma immunoadsorption, leading to dramatic functional recovery. The patient then started a neuro-rehabilitation program. About one month after the final SIA procedure the patient started Natalizumab-based therapy, while maintaining a stable neurological condition. We noted significant modification of C3/C4 complement components and total gamma globulin concentrations (IgG) during SIA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our observations show that however serious, steroid-refractory neurological deterioration occurring after Fingolimod discontinuation in multiple sclerosis can be treated with selective immune-adsorption therapy which thus represents a good alternative in these cases. It could be speculated that this clinical condition was associated with pattern II of demyelination, given the good response to a form of treatment that acts on autoantibodies. Thus, SIA represented an effective therapeutic strategy for this case of relapsed MS as steroid-resistent rebound post Fingolimod cessation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, "F. Ferrari" Hospital, 73042, Casarano, Lecce, Italy. dmsrrt@gmail.com.|Multiple Sclerosis Centre, "F. Ferrari" Hospital, 73042, Casarano, Lecce, Italy. dmsrrt@gmail.com.|Complex Operative Unit of Neurology-Stroke Unit, "F. Ferrari" Hospital, 73042, Casarano, Lecce, Italy. dmsrrt@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Masi
authors.affiliation: Complex Operative Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, "F. Ferrari" Hospital, 73042, Casarano, Lecce, Italy. salva.accoto@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Accoto
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, "F. Ferrari" Hospital, 73042, Casarano, Lecce, Italy. stephaniaorlando@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Orlando
authors.affiliation: Complex Operative Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, "F. Ferrari" Hospital, 73042, Casarano, Lecce, Italy. vincenzo.deblasi@tin.it.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: De Blasi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, "F. Ferrari" Hospital, 73042, Casarano, Lecce, Italy. sergio.pasca@virgilio.it.|Multiple Sclerosis Centre, "F. Ferrari" Hospital, 73042, Casarano, Lecce, Italy. sergio.pasca@virgilio.it.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pasca
authors.affiliation: Complex Operative Unit of Neurology-Stroke Unit, "F. Ferrari" Hospital, 73042, Casarano, Lecce, Italy. rocco.scarpello@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rocco
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scarpello
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroradiology, "F. Ferrari" Hospital, 73042, Casarano, Lecce, Italy. leospagnolo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spagnolo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Laboratory of Hygiene, University of the Salento, Lecce, Italy. adele.idolo@unisalento.it.
authors.forename: Adele
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Idolo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Laboratory of Hygiene, University of the Salento, Lecce, Italy. antonella.dedonno@unisalento.it.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Donno
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies; D005260:Female; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008231:Lymphopenia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000378:metabolism; D000069442:Natalizumab / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010951:Plasma Exchange; D013256:Steroids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D000069442:Natalizumab; D013256:Steroids; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride; D008775:Methylprednisolone