title: Genetic Evidence Supports the Multiethnic Character of Teopancazco, a Neighborhood Center of Teotihuacan, Mexico (AD 200-600).
abstract: Multiethnicity in Teopancazco, Teotihuacan, is supported by foreign individuals found in the neighborhood center as well as by the diversity observed in funerary rituals at the site. Studies of both stable and strontium isotopes as well as paleodietary analysis, suggest that the population of Teopancazco was composed by three population groups: people from Teotihuacan, people from nearby sites (Tlaxcala-Hidalgo-Puebla), and people from afar, including the coastal plains. In an attempt to understand the genetic dynamics in Teopancazco we conducted an ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis based on mtDNA. Our results show that the level of genetic diversity is consistent with the multiethnicity phenomenon at the neighborhood center. Levels of genetic diversity at different time periods of Teopancazco's history show that multiethnicity was evident since the beginning and lasted until the collapse of the neighborhood center. However, a PCA and a Neighbor-Joining tree suggested the presence of a genetically differentiated group (buried at the Transitional phase) compared to the population from the initial phase (Tlamimilolpa) as well as the population from the final phase (Xolalpan) of the history of Teopancazco. Genetic studies showed no differences in genetic diversity between males and females in the adult population of Teopancazco, this data along with ample archaeological evidence, suggest a neolocal post-marital pattern of residence in Teopancazco. Nevertheless, genetic analyses on the infant population showed that the males are significantly more heterogeneous than the females suggesting a possible differential role in cultural practices by sex in the infant sector. Regarding interpopulation analysis, we found similar indices of genetic diversity between Teopancazco and heterogeneous native groups, which support the multiethnic character of Teopancazco. Finally, our data showed a close genetic relationship between Teopancazco and populations from the "Teotihuacan corridor" and from Oaxaca and the Maya region, in agreement with previous archaeological evidence.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
authors.forename: Brenda A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Álvarez-Sandoval
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Linda R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Manzanilla
authors.affiliation: Unitat d'Antropologia, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: González-Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Unitat d'Antropologia, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Assumpció
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malgosa
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Montiel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000884:Anthropology, Cultural / Q000379:methods*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D063426:Human Migration; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000208:ethnology; D058974:Phylogeography; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial