title: Prevalence and Correlates of ADHD Among Adolescent Students in Nigeria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence and psychosocial correlates of ADHD among adolescents in Jos, Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional descriptive two-stage study of 487 randomly selected participants using Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), Raven's Standard Progressive Matrix (SPM) and the Children's Global Assessment Score (CGAS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of ADHD was 8.8%. The subtypes found were inattentive (3.08%), hyperactive-impulsive (2.05%), and combined (3.08%); male:female ratio of 1.4:1. ADHD was significantly associated with use of substance by father (odds ratio [OR] = 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.154, 0.781]), use of substance by mother (OR = 0.2; 95% CI = [0.055, 0.711]), and lower education of mother (OR = 0.3 95% CI = [0.116, 0.693]). Poor quality of handwriting (χ2= 8.120; p = .010) and impaired global functioning ( t test = 10.756; p < .001) were significantly associated with ADHD in the adolescents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the burden of ADHD, efforts should be made to establish a system for the early identification and management.
authors.affiliation: 1 Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
authors.forename: M U
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Umar
authors.affiliation: 2 University of Jos, Nigeria.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Obindo
authors.affiliation: 3 University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: O O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Omigbodun
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ADHD; ADHD impairment; ADHD subtypes; ADHD-associated problems; adolescent ADHD