title: Psychometric Properties of the Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire Among Women of Indian Ethnicity Living in Australia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Indian women have been consistently reported as having low participation in breast cancer screening practices. A valid and reliable instrument to explore their breast cancer beliefs is essential for development of interventions to promote breast cancer screening practices.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to report the psychometric properties of the Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire (BCSBQ) in an Indian community in Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of 242 Indian Australian women was recruited from Indian community organizations and personal networking. Explanatory factor analysis was conducted to study the factor structure. Clinical validity was examined by Cuzick's nonparametric test, and Cronbach's α was used to assess internal consistency reliability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exploratory factor analysis showed a similar fit to the hypothesized 3-factor structure. The frequency of breast cancer screening practices was significantly associated with attitudes toward general health check-up. Knowledge and perceptions about the breast cancer scale were not significantly associated with clinical breast examinations and mammography. Perceived barriers to mammography were much less evident among women who engaged in breast awareness and clinical breast examination. Results indicated that the BCSBQ had satisfactory validity and internal consistency. Cronbach's α of the 3 subscales ranged from .81 to .91.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BCSBQ is a culturally appropriate, valid, and reliable instrument for assessing the beliefs, knowledge, and attitudes about breast cancer and breast cancer screening practices among women of Indian ethnic extraction living in Australia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BCSBQ can be used to provide nurses with information relevant for the development of culturally sensitive breast health education programs.
authors.affiliation: Author Affiliations: School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Dr Kwok and Ms Pillay); and Department of Biostatistics, Singapore Clinical Research Institute (Dr Lee).
authors.forename: Cannas
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.forename: Rona
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pillay
authors.forename: Chun Fan
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology*; D001315:Australia; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D010465:Perception; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires