title: Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Sjögren Syndrome Patients With Refractory Thrombocytopenia: A Retrospective Study of 21 Cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies suggested a potential of rituximab (RTX) in treating autoimmune thrombocytopenia (AITP) secondary to autoimmune diseases. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of RTX therapy in patients with refractory AITP secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren syndrome (SS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one SLE and/or SS patients with treatment-resistant AITP were treated once or repeatedly with RTX at the Rheumatology Clinic Renji Hospital, during the period March 2012 to June 2014. Clinical and laboratory variables recorded at every follow-up visit were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age of all patients was 37.05 ± 3.15 years (range, 13-67 years; 20 female and 1 male). The median AITP duration before RTX treatment was 5.46 years. Previous treatments of 21 patients included immunosuppressive agents such as corticosteroids (n = 19), cyclosporine (n = 9), mycophenolate mofetil (n = 2), methotrexate (n = 3), cyclophosphamide (n = 2), vincristine (n = 3), and hydroxychloroquine (n = 15), and 7 patients received concomitantly intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. Two patients had undergone splenectomy without improvement. Seventeen patients (80.95%) were treated repeatedly with RTX during the follow-up period. The overall response rate to RTX treatment (including complete response, 52.38%; partial response, 28.57%) was 80.95%. A significant increase (P < 0.05) of platelet counts was seen after 1 month (median, 32.24 × 10/mL vs 66.53 × 10/mL). Relapses occurred mostly during the first 9 months, and maintaining duration of response was 10.27 months (range, 2-17 months) on average after the first RTX infusion. Antiplatelet antibodies, especially IgG isotype, decreased significantly (P < 0.05) after RTX treatment. No adverse effects were observed among 15 patients (71.4%); however, 2 cases died of severe pneumonia, and another developed lymphoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rituximab is an additional potent therapeutic treatment option for SLE and SS patients with AITP refractory to conventional immunosuppressive treatments. For most patients, RTX was safe and well tolerated.
authors.affiliation: From the *Shanghai Institute of Immunology and †Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; ‡Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010976:Platelet Count; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000069283:Rituximab / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D000069283:Rituximab