title: Factors Associated With Hepatitis C Infection Among HIV-Infected Men Who Have Sex With Men With No Reported Injection Drug Use in New York City, 2000-2010.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatitis C (HCV) infection is a major source of morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected patients. Despite decreasing HCV incidence in the United States, the proportion of cases among men who have sex with men (MSM) without history of injection drug use (IDU) in New York City has more than tripled between 2000 and 2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using matched surveillance data, we identified non-IDU HIV-infected MSM with and without diagnosed HCV. Differences in continuous variables were assessed with Mann-Whitney U tests, and Pearson χ tests were used for categorical variables. Poisson regression was used to compare HCV diagnosis rates by race/ethnicity and sexual transmitted disease history.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 41,303 non-IDU MSM diagnosed as having HIV before 2010 alive as of 2000, of whom 2016 (4.9%) were diagnosed as having HCV after HIV diagnosis. The HCV diagnosis rate was 605/100,000 person-years. Adjusting for birth year and age at HIV diagnosis, Hispanics (rate ratio [RR], 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-1.5) and non-Hispanic blacks (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.4-1.8) had higher HCV diagnosis rates than did non-Hispanic whites. Adjusting for race/ethnicity, birth year, and age at HIV diagnosis, MSM diagnosed as having syphilis (RR, 2.5; 95% CI, 2.3-2.8) had higher HCV diagnosis rates than did those without syphilis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a racial/ethnic disparity in HCV diagnosis rates and an association between HCV and syphilis, which is consistent with sexual transmission of HCV. With curative HCV treatment available, emphasis should be placed on adherence to guidelines recommending annual HCV screening for HIV-infected MSM, and education and outreach to MSM to prevent sexually transmitted HCV infections.
authors.affiliation: From the *Division of Disease Control, New York City Department of Health Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY; and †Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Breskin
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Drobnik
authors.forename: Preeti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pathela
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Braunstein
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bornschlegel
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fuld
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006306:Health Surveys; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012747:Sexual Partners; D044465:White People