title: Substitution of whole cows' milk with defatted milk for 4 months reduced serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and total apoB in a sample of Mexican school-age children (6-16 years of age).
abstract: We carried out this study to compare the effect of consuming whole, partially defatted and defatted cows' milk for 4 months on serum concentrations of blood indicators of cardiovascular risk (CVR) in Mexican children and adolescents. Children aged between 6 and 16 years living in indigenous boarding schools in Mexico and who were usual consumers of whole milk were recruited to this study. Totally, thirteen boarding schools were randomly selected to receive full supplies of whole, partially defatted and defatted cows' milk for 4 months. Serum total cholesterol (TC), TAG, HDL-cholesterol, apoA and total apoB, and Lp(a) concentrations were measured before and after the intervention. Comparisons were made with multi-level mixed-effects linear regression models using the difference in differences approach. Compared with the whole milk group, TC, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and total apoB were lower in defatted milk consumers by -0·43, -0·28, -0·16 mmol/l and -0·05 g/l, respectively (all P<0·001). Compared with the whole milk group, the group that consumed partially defatted milk showed a significant decrease in the concentrations of LDL-cholesterol (-0·12, P=0·01), apoA (-0·05 g/l, P=0·01) and total apoB (-0·05 g/l, P=0·001). Defatted milk intake for 4 months reduced some of the serum indicators of CVR.
authors.affiliation: 1Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud,Cuernavaca,Morelos,62100,Mexico.
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Villalpando
authors.affiliation: 1Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud,Cuernavaca,Morelos,62100,Mexico.
authors.forename: Yaveth
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lara Zamudio
authors.affiliation: 1Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud,Cuernavaca,Morelos,62100,Mexico.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shamah-Levy
authors.affiliation: 1Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud,Cuernavaca,Morelos,62100,Mexico.
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mundo-Rosas
authors.affiliation: 1Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud,Cuernavaca,Morelos,62100,Mexico.
authors.forename: Alejandra Contreras
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Manzano
authors.affiliation: 2Centro de Salud Poblacional,Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública,Cuernavaca 62100,Mexico.
authors.forename: Héctor
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lamadrid-Figueroa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Adolescents; Cardiovascular risk; Children; Defatted cows’ milk; Mexico; TC total cholesterol