title: Trajectories of Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior Problems in Children with Developmental Disabilities.
abstract: Children with disabilities tend to have higher levels of behavior problems than other children. Such problems have implications for psychopathology in the young adult years, with possible effects on life course opportunities such as employment and independent living. This investigation examines the developmental course of both internalizing and externalizing behavior problems by employing person-centered analyses to construct patterns of change in behavior problems in 169 children (54 % male) with early diagnosed disabilities, from age 3 to age 18. Early childhood predictors of these patterns indicated that more adverse patterns of both types of behavior problems were predicted by higher maternal depressive symptoms. Greater impacts on the family of having a child with a disability predicted more adverse patterns of internalizing behavior problems. More adaptive patterns of externalizing behavior problems were predicted by positive maternal sensitivity to a child's distress. These findings suggest the need for early intervention focused on the family system.
authors.affiliation: Lynch School of Education, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA. hausercr@bc.edu.
authors.forename: Penny
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hauser-Cram
authors.affiliation: University of Massachusetts Amherst, Tobin Hall 135 Hicks Way, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA.
authors.forename: Ashley C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Woodman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D041923:Adolescent Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D000066553:Problem Behavior / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Behavior problems; Developmental disabilities; Maternal depression; Maternal sensitivity