title: Genetics and Biology of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.
abstract: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains a clinical challenge. Thus far, enlightenment on the downstream activities of Kras, the tumor's unique metabolic needs, and how the stroma and immune system affect it have remained untranslated to the clinical practice. Given the numbers of diverse therapies in development and a growing knowledge about how to evaluate these systems preclinically and clinically, this is expected to change significantly and for the better over the next 5 years.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 704, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Dunne
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 704, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. Electronic address: aram_hezel@urmc.rochester.edu.
authors.forename: Aram F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Hezel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009154:Mutation; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010183:Pancreatic Ducts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000235:genetics*; D051901:Smad4 Protein / Q000235:genetics; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; C117307:KRAS protein, human; C497796:SMAD4 protein, human; D051901:Smad4 Protein; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)
keywords: Autophagy; Immunomodulation; KRAS; Microenvironment; Pancreatic Cancer; Stroma