title: A Metalloproteinase Mirolysin of Tannerella forsythia Inhibits All Pathways of the Complement System.
abstract: Recent reports focusing on virulence factors of periodontal pathogens implicated proteinases as major determinants of remarkable pathogenicity of these species, with special emphasis on their capacity to modulate complement activity. In particular, bacteria-mediated cleavage of C5 and subsequent release of C5a seems to be an important phenomenon in the manipulation of the local inflammatory response in periodontitis. In this study, we present mirolysin, a novel metalloproteinase secreted by Tannerella forsythia, a well-recognized pathogen strongly associated with periodontitis. Mirolysin exhibited a strong effect on all complement pathways. It inhibited the classical and lectin complement pathways due to efficient degradation of mannose-binding lectin, ficolin-2, ficolin-3, and C4, whereas inhibition of the alternative pathway was caused by degradation of C5. This specificity toward complement largely resembled the activity of a previously characterized metalloproteinase of T. forsythia, karilysin. Interestingly, mirolysin released the biologically active C5a peptide in human plasma and induced migration of neutrophils. Importantly, we demonstrated that combination of mirolysin with karilysin, as well as a cysteine proteinase of another periodontal pathogen, Prevotella intermedia, resulted in a strong synergistic effect on complement. Furthermore, mutant strains of T. forsythia, devoid of either mirolysin or karilysin, showed diminished survival in human serum, providing further evidence for the synergistic inactivation of complement by these metalloproteinases. Taken together, our findings on interactions of mirolysin with complement significantly add to the understanding of immune evasion strategies of T. forsythia and expand the knowledge on molecular mechanisms driving pathogenic events in the infected periodontium.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden;
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jusko
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30 387 Krakow, Poland; Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202;
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Potempa
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30 387 Krakow, Poland;
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mizgalska
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30 387 Krakow, Poland;
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bielecka
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30 387 Krakow, Poland;
authors.forename: Miroslaw
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ksiazek
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden;
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Riesbeck
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; and.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Garred
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sigrun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eick
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden; Anna.Blom@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1348-1734
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Blom
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D001442:Bacteroides Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000276:immunology; D003167:Complement Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D003170:Complement Pathway, Alternative / Q000276:immunology; D003171:Complement Pathway, Classical / Q000276:immunology; D037582:Complement Pathway, Mannose-Binding Lectin / Q000276:immunology; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000276:immunology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D045726:Metalloproteases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D009154:Mutation; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003165:Complement System Proteins; D045726:Metalloproteases; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; C572453:karilysin protein, Tannerella forsythia