title: On the relationship between emotional state and abnormal unfairness sensitivity in alcohol dependence.
abstract: Recent empirical findings suggest that alcohol dependence is characterized by heightened sensitivity to unfairness during social transactions. The present study went a step further and aimed to ascertain whether this abnormal level of sensitivity to unfairness is underlined by an increased emotional reactivity. Twenty-six recently abstinent alcohol-dependent (AD) individuals and 32 controls performed an ultimatum game (UG), in which participants had to respond to take-it-or-leave-it offers, ranging from fair to unfair and made by a fictive proposer. Emotional state was recorded during UG offers presentation and was indexed by the amplitude of skin conductance response (SCR). Results showed that AD decided to reject unfair offers more frequently than their controls, confirming previous data. The proportion of rejected unfair UG offers was correlated with SCR, in the AD but not in the control group. This finding suggests that deciding to accept or reject unfair UG offers is influenced by arousal-affective activity in AD, but not in controls. Heightened emotional reactivity may have driven AD to punish the proposer rather than acting as a rational economic agent. An implication of present findings is that AD might have difficult to cope with unfair situations triggered by social interactions. Future studies are needed in order to examine whether-emotional and behavioral-reactivity to unfairness during the UG could impact alcohol consumption and relapse in AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Psychological Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brevers
authors.affiliation: Psychological Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Noël
authors.affiliation: Psychological Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hanak
authors.affiliation: Psychological Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Verbanck
authors.affiliation: Psychological Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kornreich
keywords: alcohol dependence; electrodermal response; social decision-making; unfairness