title: On the context dependence of emotion displays: Perceptions of gold medalists' expressions of pride.
abstract: In spite of various claims for cross-cultural differences in the experience of pride, studies on the expression of pride have revealed few cross-cultural differences. Five studies using archival data from Olympic and national championships do show cross-cultural differences in the expression of pride and other positive emotions in pride-eliciting contexts, contingent on the social context of the expression, notably the in-group or out-group status of the audience. Chinese gold medalists were perceived to express less pride than American medalists when outperforming in-group competitors; when outperforming out-group members, however, no or smaller cross-cultural differences were observed. These findings are important because they indicate that cultural norms about emotion expression may be activated only in situations in which they serve a function in coordinating people's behaviour.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Social Psychology , Tilburg University , Tilburg , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Yvette
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: van Osch
authors.affiliation: a Department of Social Psychology , Tilburg University , Tilburg , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zeelenberg
authors.affiliation: a Department of Social Psychology , Tilburg University , Tilburg , The Netherlands.|b National Research University Higher School of Economics , Moscow , Russia.
authors.forename: Seger M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Breugelmans
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes / Q000523:psychology*; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009633:Nonverbal Communication / Q000523:psychology*; D012931:Social Environment; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Pride; cross-cultural; display rules; emotion expression; positive emotions