title: A Microscopic Optically Tracking Navigation System That Uses High-resolution 3D Computer Graphics.
abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) computer graphics (CG) are useful for preoperative planning of neurosurgical operations. However, application of 3D CG to intraoperative navigation is not widespread because existing commercial operative navigation systems do not show 3D CG in sufficient detail. We have developed a microscopic optically tracking navigation system that uses high-resolution 3D CG. This article presents the technical details of our microscopic optically tracking navigation system. Our navigation system consists of three components: the operative microscope, registration, and the image display system. An optical tracker was attached to the microscope to monitor the position and attitude of the microscope in real time; point-pair registration was used to register the operation room coordinate system, and the image coordinate system; and the image display system showed the 3D CG image in the field-of-view of the microscope. Ten neurosurgeons (seven males, two females; mean age 32.9 years) participated in an experiment to assess the accuracy of this system using a phantom model. Accuracy of our system was compared with the commercial system. The 3D CG provided by the navigation system coincided well with the operative scene under the microscope. Target registration error for our system was 2.9 ± 1.9 mm. Our navigation system provides a clear image of the operation position and the surrounding structures. Systems like this may reduce intraoperative complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: Toki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Taichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kin
authors.forename: Daichi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakatomi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oyama
authors.forename: Nobuhito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003196:Computer Graphics; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000295:instrumentation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008853:Microscopy; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*