title: Tuning of temporo-occipital activity by frontal oscillations during virtual mirror exposure causes erroneous self-recognition.
abstract: Self-face recognition, a hallmark of self-awareness, depends on 'off-line' stored information about one's face and 'on-line' multisensory-motor face-related cues. The brain mechanisms of how on-line sensory-motor processes affect off-line neural self-face representations are unknown. This study used 3D virtual reality to create a 'virtual mirror' in which participants saw an avatar's face moving synchronously with their own face movements. Electroencephalographic (EEG) analysis during virtual mirror exposure revealed mu oscillations in sensory-motor cortex signalling on-line congruency between the avatar's and participants' movements. After such exposure and compatible with a change in their off-line self-face representation, participants were more prone to recognize the avatar's face as their own, and this was also reflected in the activation of face-specific regions in the inferotemporal cortex. Further EEG analysis showed that the on-line sensory-motor effects during virtual mirror exposure caused these off-line visual effects, revealing the brain mechanisms that maintain a coherent self-representation, despite our continuously changing appearance.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.|Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 19, SV 2805, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serino
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 19, SV 2805, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Anna Laura
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Sforza
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.|Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 19, SV 2805, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kanayama
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.|Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 19, SV 2805, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michiel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Elk
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.|Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 19, SV 2805, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mariia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaliuzhna
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.|Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 19, SV 2805, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Herbelin
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.|Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 19, SV 2805, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.|Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Blanke
mesh_terms: D001828:Body Image; D001931:Brain Mapping; D058256:Brain Waves / Q000502:physiology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005145:Face; D005149:Facial Expression; D000066499:Facial Recognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007088:Illusions; D009039:Motion Perception / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: face; self; sensory-motor