title: Maternal efficacy and sedentary behavior rules predict child obesity resilience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To identify longitudinal individual, social and environmental predictors of adiposity (BMI z-score), and of resilience to unhealthy weight gain, in healthy weight children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred healthy weight children aged 5-12 years at baseline and their parents living in socio-economically disadvantaged neighborhoods were surveyed at baseline and three years later. Children's height and weight were objectively measured, parents completed a detailed questionnaire that examined the home, social and neighborhood environments, and objective measures of the neighborhood environment were assessed using geographic information system data. Children classified as healthy weight at baseline who had small or medium increases in their BMI z-score between baseline and three year follow up (those in the bottom and middle tertiles) were categorized as 'resilient to unhealthy weight gain'. Where applicable, fully adjusted multivariable regression models were employed to determine baseline intrapersonal, social and environmental predictors of child BMI z-scores at follow-up, and resilience to unhealthy weight gain at follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maternal efficacy for preventing their child from engaging in sedentary behaviors (B = -0.03, 95 % CI: -0.06, 0.00) was associated with lower child BMI z-score at follow up. Rules to limit sedentary behaviors (OR = 1.14, 95 % CI: 1.03, 1.25) was a predictor of being resilient to unhealthy weight gain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that strategies to support parents to limit their children's sedentary behavior may be important in preventing unhealthy weight gain in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, 3125 Australia.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, 3125 Australia.
authors.forename: Kylie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.affiliation: Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
authors.forename: Verity
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cleland
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, 3125 Australia.
authors.forename: Lukar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thornton
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, 3125 Australia.
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abbott
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, 3125 Australia.
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: McNaughton
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, 3125 Australia.
authors.forename: Karen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: EMGO+ Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brug
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, 3125 Australia.
authors.forename: Jo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, 3125 Australia.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Timperio
keywords: Familial environment; Neighborhood environment; Resilience; Socioeconomic disadvantage; Weight gain