title: Origins of movements following stunning and during bleeding in cattle.
abstract: At slaughter, after stunning, the absence of certain physical signs such as eye movements/reflexes or rhythmic breathing helps determine whether the loss of consciousness was actually achieved. Cattle frequently show movements of neck and/or legs during the post-stun period. We evaluated 1) the origins of these movements in stunned unconscious cattle and 2) relationships with presence of ocular signs or breathing and shot characteristics. In stunned unconscious cattle, movements appear to be reflex-like, generated in the brain stem and/or spinal cord. First, in stunned unconscious cattle, movements could continue until 3 min after the start of bleeding. Second, severing the spinal cord in stunned unconscious cattle did not influence amount of movements. Third, in reaction to the skin cut and sticking, some unconscious animals showed a nociceptive withdrawal reflex. In bulls, following longer stun-stick delays, this response was weaker. Shot placement, post-stun movements and initial bleeding efficiency seemed related but the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
authors.forename: E M Claudia
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Terlouw
authors.affiliation: Bureau E.T.R.E., Bravant - 63210 Olby, France.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bourguet
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Deiss
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mallet
mesh_terms: D000003:Abattoirs; D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003243:Consciousness; D004597:Electroshock; D005123:Eye; D006470:Hemorrhage; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D009068:Movement; D009333:Neck; D012018:Reflex; D012119:Respiration; D014474:Unconsciousness
keywords: Behaviour; Bleeding efficiency; Cattle; Paddling; Stunning; Unconsciousness