title: Psychological well-being of patients with insomnia and its relationship with anxiety and depression.
abstract: The aims of the present study are to evaluate the impact of insomnia on psychological well-being and to examine the associations of insomnia and psychological well-being with anxiety and depression. Forty-one patients attending our hospital-based Centre for sleep medicine were administered scales for the evaluation of insomnia (ISI), anxiety (STAI-Y), depression (BDI-II) and psychological well-being (PWB). The scores were compared to those of a control group of 68 subjects attending the hospital for routine examinations or as accompanying persons. Significant differences between patients and controls were detected for anxiety and depression, as well as for psychological well-being. Even if subclinical on average, anxiety and depression symptoms were significantly related to poor psychological well-being, whereas insomnia per se was not. These findings suggest that patients with insomnia report a relevant impact on their psychological well-being, and that such an impact seems to be strongly associated with concomitant subthreshold symptoms of anxiety and depression. The implications for diagnosis and treatment are discussed.
authors.affiliation: a Clinical Psychology Unit , Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana , Pisa , Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tramonti
authors.affiliation: b Centre for Sleep Medicine - Neurology Unit , Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana , Pisa , Italy.
authors.forename: Michelangelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maestri
authors.affiliation: c Psychology Trainee , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gronchi
authors.affiliation: b Centre for Sleep Medicine - Neurology Unit , Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana , Pisa , Italy.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fabbrini
authors.affiliation: b Centre for Sleep Medicine - Neurology Unit , Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana , Pisa , Italy.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Di Coscio
authors.affiliation: b Centre for Sleep Medicine - Neurology Unit , Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana , Pisa , Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carnicelli
authors.affiliation: b Centre for Sleep Medicine - Neurology Unit , Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana , Pisa , Italy.
authors.forename: Enrica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonanni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: anxiety; depression; insomnia; psychological well-being