title: Testing the PROMIS® Depression measures for monitoring depression in a clinical sample outside the US.
abstract: The Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) was devised to facilitate assessment of patient self-reported health status, taking advantage of Item Response Theory. We aimed to assess measurement properties of the PROMIS Depression item bank and an 8-item static short form in a Spanish clinical sample. A three-month follow-up study of patients with active mood/anxiety symptoms (n = 218) was carried out. We assessed model unidimensionality (Confirmatory Item Factor Analysis), reliability (internal consistency and Item Information Curves), and validity (convergent-discriminant with correlations; known-groups with comparison of means and effect sizes; and criterion validity with Receiver operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis). We also assessed 3-month responsiveness to change (Cohen's effect sizes (d) in stable and recovered patients). The unidimensional model showed adequate fit (CFI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.08). Information Curves had reliabilities over 0.90 throughout most of the score continuum. As expected, we observed high correlations with external self-reported depression, and moderate with self-reported anxiety and clinical measures. The item bank showed an increasing severity gradient from no disorder (mean = 48, SE = 0.6) to depression with comorbid anxiety (mean = 55.8, SE = 0.4). PROMIS detected depression disorder with great accuracy according to the area under the curve (AUC = 0.89). Both formats, item bank and short form, were highly responsive to change in recovered patients (d > 0.7) and had small changes in stable patients (d < 0.2). The good metric properties of the Spanish PROMIS Depression measures provide further evidence of their adequacy for monitoring depression levels of patients in clinical settings. This double check of quality (within countries and populations) supports the ability of PROMIS measures for guaranteeing fair comparisons across languages and countries in specific clinical populations.
authors.affiliation: Health Services Research Unit, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Carrer del Doctor Aiguader, 88, Edifici PRBB, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè, 10-12, 08002, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: gvilagut@imim.es.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vilagut
authors.affiliation: Health Services Research Unit, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Carrer del Doctor Aiguader, 88, Edifici PRBB, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain. Electronic address: cgarcia@imim.es.
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Forero
authors.affiliation: Health Services Research Unit, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Carrer del Doctor Aiguader, 88, Edifici PRBB, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain. Electronic address: nduran@imim.es.
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Adroher
authors.affiliation: Health Services Research Unit, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Carrer del Doctor Aiguader, 88, Edifici PRBB, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè, 10-12, 08002, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: eolariu@imim.es.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Olariu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: d-cella@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cella
authors.affiliation: Health Services Research Unit, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Carrer del Doctor Aiguader, 88, Edifici PRBB, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè, 10-12, 08002, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: jalonso@imim.es.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alonso
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Computerized adaptive testing; Major depression; Mental health; Patient reported outcomes; Validation