title: Scavenger Receptors: Emerging Roles in Cancer Biology and Immunology.
abstract: Scavenger receptors constitute a large family of evolutionally conserved protein molecules that are structurally and functionally diverse. Although scavenger receptors were originally identified based on their capacity to scavenge modified lipoproteins, these molecules have been shown to recognize and bind to a broad spectrum of ligands, including modified and unmodified host-derived molecules or microbial components. As a major subset of innate pattern recognition receptors, scavenger receptors are mainly expressed on myeloid cells and function in a wide range of biological processes, such as endocytosis, adhesion, lipid transport, antigen presentation, and pathogen clearance. In addition to playing a crucial role in maintenance of host homeostasis, scavenger receptors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, e.g., atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, or metabolic disorders. Emerging evidence has begun to reveal these receptor molecules as important regulators of tumor behavior and host immune responses to cancer. This review summarizes our current understanding on the newly identified, distinct functions of scavenger receptors in cancer biology and immunology. The potential of scavenger receptors as diagnostic biomarkers and novel targets for therapeutic interventions to treat malignancies is also highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaofei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Chunqing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Paul B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA. Electronic address: john.subjeck@roswellpark.org.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Subjeck
authors.affiliation: Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA. Electronic address: xywang@vcu.edu.
authors.forename: Xiang-Yang
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051116:Receptors, Scavenger
keywords: Cancer immunotherapy; Dendritic cells; Scavenger receptor; Tumor immunity; Tumor-associated macrophage