title: Evaluation of the contamination of spirits by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: The concentration of twelve polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), included in the list of priority pollutants, in different spirits has been obtained by means of a rapid and sensitive method based on gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The environmentally friendly ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) technique allowed the easy and effective preconcentration of the PAHs from the sample matrices. Several parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, such as the nature and volume of the extractant solvent, and the addition of salt, as well as the sonication parameters were investigated and optimized. The absence of matrix effects under the optimized conditions allowed the sample quantification against aqueous standards. Detection limits ranged between 1.8 and 6.3 ng L(-1), depending on the compound. Different spirit samples were successfully analyzed using the proposed method, and contents of up to 0.9 μg L(-1) were found. Relative recoveries at fortified levels of 0.2 and 1 μg L(-1) were in the range 84-118%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Ignacio
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Cacho
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Campillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Viñas
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain. Electronic address: hcordoba@um.es.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernández-Córdoba
mesh_terms: D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D004655:Emulsions; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D013010:Sonication / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014867:Water
keywords: Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS); Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); Spirits; Ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME)