title: Trends and Analysis of Cancer Incidence for Common Male and Female Cancers in the Population of Punjab Province of Pakistan during 1984 to 2014.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Cancer Registry (PAECCR) program has made availability of a common cancer incidence database possible in Pakistan. The cancer incidence data from nuclear medicine and oncology institutes were gathered and presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cancer incidence data for the last 30 years (1984-2014) are included to describe a data set of male and female patients. The data analysis concerning occurrence, trends of common cancers in male and female patients, stage-wise distribution, and mortality/follow-up cases is also incorporated for the last 10 years (2004-2014).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total population of provincial capital Lahore is 9,800,000. The total number of cancer cases was 80,390 (males 32,156, females 48,134). The crude incidence rates in PAECCR areas were 580.8/105 during 2010 to 885.4/105 in 2014 (males 354.1/105, females 530.1/105). The cancer incidence rates for head and neck (15.70%), brain tumors (10.5%), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL, 9.53%) were found to be the highest in male patients, whereas breast cancer (46.7%), ovary tumors (6.80%), and cervix (6.31%) cancer incidence rates were observed to be the most common in female patients. The age range distribution of diagnosed and treated patients in conjunction with the percentage contribution of cancer patients from 15 different cities of Punjab province treated at the Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Lahore are also included. Leukemia was found to be the most common cancer for the age group of 1-12 years. It has been identified that the maximum number of diagnosed cases were found in the age range of 51-60 years for males and 41-50 years for female cancer patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall cancer incidence of the thirty years demonstrated that head and neck and breast cancers in males and in females respectively are the most common cancers in Punjab province in Pakistan, at rates almost the highest in Asia, requiring especial attention. The incidence of brain, NHL, and prostate cancers among males and ovarian and cervix cancers among females have increased rapidly. These data from a major population of Punjab province should be helpful for implementation of appropriate planning, prevention and cancer control measures and for determination of risk factors within the country.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention and Control Research Group, Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan E-mail : kmasoodinmol@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masood
authors.forename: Andleeb
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masood
authors.forename: Junaid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zafar
authors.forename: Abubaker
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shahid
authors.forename: Mujahid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamran
authors.forename: Sohail
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murad
authors.forename: Misbah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masood
authors.forename: Zafar
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Alluddin
authors.forename: Masooma
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riaz
authors.forename: Naseem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akhter
authors.forename: Munir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Fayyaz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Javaid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Akhtar
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naeem
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult