title: A comparison of continuous femoral nerve block and periarticular local infiltration analgesia in the management of early period pain developing after total knee arthroplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to compare the effects of 24-h continuous femoral nerve block (CFNB) and periarticular infiltration analgesia (PIA) on postoperative pain and functional results in the first 6 weeks after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients who underwent unilateral TKA were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups: Group A received CFNB and Group B received PIA. Each patient received 0.25% levobupivacaine and 1:100,000 epinephrine as infiltration to the posterior capsule. A patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device was used for all patients, and 24-h tramadol usage by patients was recorded. We measured maximum range of motion (ROM), pain using a visual analog scale (VAS), 2-min walk test (2MWT), and the scores of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) and Knee Society Score (KSS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with Group B, Group A had lower postoperative opioid usage (p<0.05), less pain at rest (p<0.05), less pain with passive motion (p<0.05), less pain with movement and after active movement (p<0.05), and superior passive and active ROM (p<0.05). Group A also had better 2MWT results at 24 and 48 h after surgery (p<0.05), and superior WOMAC and KSS results at 6 weeks after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As long as it is applied with infiltration analgesia to the posterior capsule, CFNB is an effective and safe analgesia method resulting in better postoperative patient comfort and greater ROM. Furthermore, it produces better results in the early postoperative period with a favorable side effect profile.
authors.affiliation: İstanbul Training and Resarch Hospital, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, İstanbul, Turkey. emrahkovalak@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Emrah
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kovalak
authors.affiliation: İstanbul American Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Alper Tunga
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Doğan
authors.affiliation: İstanbul Kemerburgaz University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Onat
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Üzümcügil
authors.affiliation: İstanbul Training and Resarch Hospital, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Obut
authors.affiliation: Kahta State Hospital, Anesthesiology and Reanimation Clinics, Adıyaman, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aslı Sevim
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Yıldız
authors.affiliation: İstanbul Training and Resarch Hospital, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Enes
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kanay
authors.affiliation: İstanbul Training and Resarch Hospital, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tolga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tüzüner
authors.affiliation: İstanbul University İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Özyuvacı
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005267:Femoral Nerve / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D002045:Bupivacaine; D004837:Epinephrine