title: Increasing Trend of Fatal Falls in Older Adults in the United States, 1992 to 2005: Coding Practice or Reporting Quality?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether changes in death certificate coding and reporting practices explain part or all of the recent increase in the rate of fatal falls in adults aged 65 and older in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Trends in coding and reporting practices of fatal falls were evaluated under mortality coding schemes for International Classification of Diseases (ICD), Ninth Revision (1992-1998) and Tenth Revision (1999-2005).
  
  
  METHODS
  United States, 1992 to 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals aged 65 and older with falls listed as the underlying cause of death (UCD) on their death certificates.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome was annual fatal falls rates per 100,000 U.S. residents aged 65 and older. Coding practice was assessed through analysis of trends in rates of specific UCD fall ICD e-codes over time. Reporting quality was assessed by examining changes in the location on the death certificate where fall e-codes were reported, in particular, the percentage of fall e-codes recorded in the proper location on the death certificate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fatal falls rates increased over both time periods: 1992 to 1998 and 1999 to 2005. A single falls e-code was responsible for the increasing trend of fatal falls overall from 1992 to 1998 (E888, other and unspecified fall) and from 1999 to 2005 (W18, other falls on the same level), whereas trends for other falls e-codes remained stable. Reporting quality improved steadily throughout the study period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Better reporting quality, not coding practices, contributed to the increasing rate of fatal falls in older adults in the United States from 1992 to 2005.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Rebekah J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kharrazi
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, City University of New York, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nash
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Thelma J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Mielenz
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000401:mortality* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002423:Cause of Death; D059019:Clinical Coding; D003644:Death Certificates; D006801:Humans; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: falls; mortality coding; mortality trends; older adults