title: Metal/metalloid elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in various biochars: The effect of feedstock, temperature, minerals, and properties.
abstract: Fourteen metal/metalloid elements and sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) within biochars were quantified to investigate how heat treatment temperatures (HTTs) and feedstocks affect their concentration and composition. Concentrations and composition of metals/metalloids were strongly dependent upon feedstocks rather than HTTs. HTTs significantly affected concentrations and composition of PAHs. The highest concentration of PAHs was observed for plant residue-derived biochars (PLABs) produced at 450 °C and the opposite result was for animal waste-derived bichars. High mineral content was responsible for depolymerization of organic matter (OM), which facilitated high production of PAHs. High HTTs pyrolysis or combustion PAHs (COMB) of PLABs possibly blocks their micropores derived from other components within OM and leads to a decline of CO2-surface areas (CO2-SAs). Concentration of ∑COMB or individual PAH was affected by biochar properties, including composition and contents of functional groups, ash content, and CO2-SAs. PLABs produced at 600 °C were recommended for low toxicity.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Mengyi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China. Electronic address: sunke@bnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Lanfang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Haoran
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Xinghui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Fengchang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Baoshan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xing
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D058955:Metalloids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis*; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D058955:Metalloids; D008670:Metals; D008903:Minerals; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; C540010:biochar; D002606:Charcoal
keywords: Biochar; Feedstocks; Heat treatment temperatures (HTTs); Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); Potentially toxic elements (PTEs)