title: Quantitative profiling of polar primary metabolites of two chickpea cultivars with contrasting responses to salinity.
abstract: This study reports a GC-QqQ-MS method for the quantification of forty-eight primary metabolites from four major classes (sugars, sugar acids, sugar phosphates, and organic acids) which can be applied to a number of biological systems. The method was validated in terms of linearity, reproducibility and recovery, using both calibration standards and real samples. Additionally, twenty-eight biogenic amines and amino acids were quantified using an established LC-QqQ-MS method. Both GC-QqQ-MS and LC-QqQ-MS quantitative methods were applied to plant extracts from flower and pod tissue of two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars differing in their ability to tolerate salinity, which were grown under control and salt-treated conditions. Statistical analysis was applied to the data sets using the absolute concentrations of metabolites to investigate the differences in metabolite profiles between the different cultivars, plant tissues, and treatments. The method is a significant improvement of present methodology for quantitative GC-MS metabolite profiling of organic acids and sugars, and provides new insights of chickpea metabolic responses to salinity stress. It is applicable to the analysis of dynamic changes in endogenous concentrations of polar primary metabolites to study metabolic responses to environmental stresses in complex biological tissues.
authors.affiliation: Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Daniel Anthony
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.affiliation: School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia. Electronic address: camilla.hill@unimelb.edu.au.
authors.forename: Camilla Beate
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Nirupama Samanmalie
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Jayasinghe
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Atieno
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia; South Australian Research and Development Institute, GPO Box 397 Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.affiliation: Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Roessner
mesh_terms: D029863:Cicer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000187:drug effects; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects*; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D055049:Salt Tolerance; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012965:Sodium Chloride
keywords: Chickpea; GC–QqQ–MS; LC–QqQ–MS; Primary metabolites; Quantitative profiling; Salinity