title: Aberrant Expression of CCAT1 Regulated by c-Myc Predicts the Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  CCAT1 has been reported to be linked with pathogenesis of malignancies including colon cancer and gastric cancer. However, the regulatory effect of CCAT1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. The purpose of this research was to identify any role of CCAT1 in the progression of HCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Real time-PCR was performed to test the relative expression of CCAT1 in HCC tissues. A computation screen of CCAT1 promoter was conducted to search for transcription-factor-binding sites. The association of c-Myc with CCAT1 promoter in vivo was tested by Pearson correlation analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  c-Myc directly binds to the E-box element in the promoter region of CCAT, and when ectopically expressed increases promoter activity and expression of CCAT1. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that the patients with low expression of CCAT1 demonstrated better overall and relapse-free survival compared with the high expression group. Cox proportional hazards analyses showed that CCAT1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for HCC patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings demonstrated CCAT1, acting as a potential biomarker in predicting the prognosis of HCC, is regulated by c-Myc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China E-mail : lujunmdjnyy@163.com.
authors.forename: Hua-Qiang
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Hong-Guang
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Fang-Feng
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chao-Qun
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D018450:Disease Progression; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C579842:CCAT1 long noncoding RNA, human; C489427:MYC protein, human; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding