title: Trends in Cyberbullying and School Bullying Victimization in a Regional Census of High School Students, 2006-2012.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Schools are increasingly being called upon to address cyberbullying and its consequences. This study compares cyberbullying and school bullying trends and examines help-seeking among cyberbullying victims.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed self-report data over 4 surveys (2006-2012) from more than 16,000 students in 17 MetroWest Boston high schools. Using generalized estimating equations, we examined school and cyberbullying victimization trends by sex, grade, and sexual orientation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 2006 to 2012, cyberbullying increased from 15% to 21% (p < .001). In 2006, school bullying was 1.7 times higher than cyberbullying (26% versus 15%); by 2012, school bullying and cyberbullying were similar (23% versus 21%). Cyberbullying increased more among girls (17% to 27%; p < .001) than boys (12% to 15%; p < .001). There was no net increase in school bullying among girls (26% in 2006 and 2012) and a decrease among boys (25% to 18%; p < .001). Sexual minorities were more likely than heterosexuals to be bullied at school and online at every survey. Only 33% of cyberbullying victims told an adult; more victims told parents/non-school adults (29%) than school adults (17%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite decreases in school bullying, cyberbullying rose steadily, particularly among girls. Increased attention to sociodemographic differences in bullying could promote help-seeking and positive online behavior.
authors.affiliation: Education Development Center, Inc., 43 Foundry Avenue, Waltham, MA 02453. skschneider@edc.org.
authors.forename: Shari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kessel Schneider
authors.affiliation: Education Development Center, Inc., 43 Foundry Avenue, Waltham, MA 02453. lodonnell@edc.org.
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.affiliation: Education Development Center, Inc., 43 Foundry Avenue, Waltham, MA 02453. esmith@edc.org.
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D001900:Boston / Q000453:epidemiology; D058445:Bullying / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D000066505:Help-Seeking Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012574:Schools / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012737:Sex Factors; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: adolescents; cyberbullying; help-seeking; school bullying