title: Advances in diagnostic interventional pulmonology.
abstract: The recent advances in diagnostic pulmonary procedures have revolutionized the evaluation of abnormal thoracic findings including lung nodules and masses, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, and pleural diseases. Bronchoscopies with endobronchial ultrasonography and electromagnetic navigation are examples of new technology that has significantly improved the specificity and sensitivity of these procedures in diagnosis and staging of lung cancer without the need for more invasive procedures. This report describes the different diagnostic pulmonary interventions providing a description of the procedures, their indications, diagnostic yield and drawback.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Nassar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Al-Zubaidi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Ayman O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Soubani
keywords: Bronchoscopy; diagnosis; pulmonary nodules