title: Investigation of pH Influence on Skin Permeation Behavior of Weak Acids Using Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs.
abstract: As a continuing effort to understand the skin permeation behavior of weak acids and bases, the objectives of the present study were to evaluate skin permeation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) under the influence of pH, investigate the mechanism of pH effect, and examine a previous hypothesis that the effective skin pH for drug permeation is different from donor solution pH. In vitro permeability experiments were performed in side-by-side diffusion cells with diclofenac, ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen and human skin. The donor solution pH significantly affected skin permeation of NSAIDs, whereas no effect of the receiver pH was observed. Similar to previous observations, the apparent permeability coefficient versus donor solution pH relationships deviated from the predictions (fractions of unionized NSAIDs) according to the acid/base theory. The influences of the viable epidermis barrier, polar pathway transport, ion permeation across skin, and effective skin pH were investigated. The effective pH values for skin permeation determined using the NSAIDs (weak acids) in this study were different from those obtained previously with a weak base at the same donor solution pH conditions, suggesting that the observed permeability-pH relationships could not be explained solely by possible pH differences between skin and donor solution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.|Center of Excellence in Innovative Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: Doungdaw
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chantasart
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: Siriwan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chootanasoontorn
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.|Center of Excellence in Innovative Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: Jiraphong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suksiriworapong
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267, USA.
authors.forename: S Kevin
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010539:Permeability; D012869:Skin Absorption
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D008055:Lipids
keywords: drug transport; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; pH; permeability; skin; stratum corneum; topical; transdermal