title: Mold elicits atopic dermatitis by reactive oxygen species: Epidemiology and mechanism studies.
abstract: Mold has been implicated in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD); however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of mold exposure in early life through epidemiologic and mechanistic studies in vivo and in vitro. Exposure to visible mold inside the home during the first year of life was associated with an increased risk for current AD by two population-based cross-sectional human studies. Children with the AG+GG genotype of GSTP1 showed increased risk for current AD when exposed to mold. In the mouse model, treatment with patulin induced and aggravated clinically significant AD and Th2-related inflammation of the affected mouse skin. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were released in the mouse skin as well by human keratinocytes. In conclusions, mold exposure increases the risk for AD related to ROS generation mediated by Th2-promoting inflammatory cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ha-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Standardization of Allergic Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Jin
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Standardization of Allergic Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: sjhong@amc.seoul.kr.
authors.forename: Soo-Jong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005658:Fungi / Q000276:immunology*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C496556:GSTP1 protein, human; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi
keywords: Atopic dermatitis; Mold; Reactive oxygen species; Thymic stromal lymphopoietin