title: Comparative radiographic analysis on the anatomical axis in knee osteoarthritis cases: inter and intraobserver evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To make a comparative inter and intraobserver analysis on measurements of the anatomical axis between panoramic radiographs of the lower limbs in anteroposterior (AP) view with bipedal weight-bearing, on short film.
  
  
  METHODS
  An accuracy study comparing radiographic measurements on 47 knees of patients attending the knee surgery outpatient clinic due to osteoarthritis. The radiographic evaluation used was as standardized for the total knee arthroplasty program, including panoramic AP views of the lower limbs and short radiographs of the knees in AP and lateral views, all with bipedal weight-bearing. Following this, the anatomical axis of the lower limbs or the femorotibial angle was measured by five independent examiners on the panoramic and short AP radiographs; three of the examiners were considered to be more experienced and two, less experienced. All the measurements were made again by the same examiners after an interval of not less than 15 days. The statistical analysis was performed using the intraclass correlation coefficient, in order to evaluate the inter and intraobserver concordance of the anatomical axis measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the statistical analysis, it was observed that there was strongly significant concordance between the anatomical axis measurements on the panoramic and short radiographs, for all the five examiners and for both measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the conditions studied, short radiographs were equivalent to panoramic radiographs for evaluating the anatomical axis of the lower limbs in patients with advanced osteoarthritis. The measurements used also showed high rates of inter and intraobserver concordance and reproducibility.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Federal do Andaraí, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Felipe
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Matos
authors.affiliation: Hospital da Força Aérea do Galeão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.affiliation: Hospital da Força Aérea do Galeão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo Novaes
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Hospital da Força Aérea do Galeão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael Baptista
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Farias
authors.affiliation: Knee Surgery Service, Instituto Nacional de Traumatologia e Ortopedia (INTO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Pires
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: E Albuquerque
keywords: Knee; Lower extremity; Osteoarthritis/radiography