title: Determination of sulfur and nitrogen compounds during the processing of dry fermented sausages and their relation to amino acid generation.
abstract: The identification of odor-active sulfur and nitrogen compounds formed during the processing of dry fermented sausages was the objective of this study. In order to elucidate their possible origin, free amino acids (FAAs) were also determined. The volatile compounds present in the dry sausages were extracted using solvent assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) and monitored by one and two-dimensional gas chromatography with different detectors: mass spectrometry (MS), nitrogen phosphorous (NPD), flame photometric (FPD) detectors, as well as gas chromatography-olfactometry. A total of seventeen sulfur and nitrogen compounds were identified and quantified. Among them, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline was the most potent odor active compound, followed by methional, ethylpyrazine and 2,3-dihydrothiophene characterized by toasted, cooked potato, and nutty notes. The degradation of FAAs, generated during processing, was related to the production of aroma compounds, such as methionine forming methional and benzothiazole while ornithine was the precursor compound for 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and glycine for ethylpyrazine.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Avda. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Corral
authors.affiliation: Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse, 9/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Erich
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leitner
authors.affiliation: Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse, 9/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Siegmund
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Avda. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: mflores@iata.csic.es.
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flores
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D005285:Fermentation; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D008461:Meat Products / Q000032:analysis; D017672:Nitrogen Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D000069466:Red Meat; D013455:Sulfur / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D013552:Swine; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D017672:Nitrogen Compounds; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D013455:Sulfur
keywords: Amino acid; Dry fermented sausage; Nitrogen; Sulfur; Volatile compounds