title: ISPD Cardiovascular and Metabolic Guidelines in Adult Peritoneal Dialysis Patients Part I - Assessment and Management of Various Cardiovascular Risk Factors.
abstract: Cardiovascular disease contributes significantly to the adverse clinical outcomes of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Numerous cardiovascular risk factors play important roles in the development of various cardiovascular complications. Of these, loss of residual renal function is regarded as one of the key cardiovascular risk factors and is associated with an increased mortality and cardiovascular death. It is also recognized that PD solutions may incur significant adverse metabolic effects in PD patients. The International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) commissioned a global workgroup in 2012 to formulate a series of recommendations regarding lifestyle modification, assessment and management of various cardiovascular risk factors, as well as management of the various cardiovascular complications including coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmia (specifically atrial fibrillation), cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease and sudden cardiac death, to be published in 2 guideline documents. This publication forms the first part of the guideline documents and includes recommendations on assessment and management of various cardiovascular risk factors. The documents are intended to serve as a global clinical practice guideline for clinicians who look after PD patients. The ISPD workgroup also identifies areas where evidence is lacking and further research is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong aymwang@hkucc.hku.hk.
authors.forename: Angela Yee Moon
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: K Scott
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Brimble
authors.affiliation: Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brunier
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Stephen G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.affiliation: George Institute for Global Health India, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Vivekanand
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.affiliation: University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Korea.
authors.forename: Shin-Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jeroen P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kooman
authors.affiliation: Health Services Research Unit, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lambie
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McIntyre
authors.affiliation: Harborview Medical Center, Division of Nephrology/Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Washington, DC, United States.
authors.forename: Rajnish
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mehrotra
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pecoits-Filho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D061214:Patient Safety; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000592:standards; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012955:Societies, Medical; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Cardiovascular risk; anemia; dialysate calcium; dyslipidemia; glycosylated hemoglobin; hypertension; hypokalemia; inflammation; obesity; peritoneal dialysis; residual renal function; salt; volume