title: Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella enterica Isolated from Pork, Chicken Meat, and Humans in Northeastern Thailand.
abstract: A total of 221 Salmonella enterica from raw pork (n=64), raw chicken (n=80), and humans (n=77) were characterized for antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genotypes and virulence plasmid-associated genes. Most Salmonella isolates (95.9%) were multidrug resistant and exhibited high resistance to sulfamethoxazole (96.4%), streptomycin (93.2%), spectinomycin (76.5%), tetracycline (73.3%), ampicillin (70.1%), and trimethoprim (60.2%). Forty-one percent of all isolates were intI1-positive, of which 60% carried class 1 integrons with variable region ranging in size from 0.2 to 2.0 kb. Six integron profiles (IP-I to IP-VI) were defined. The dfrA12-aadA2 cassette was most prevalent (66.7%). Class 1 integrons with the dfrA12-aadA2 cassette in five pork isolates could be horizontally transferred. Three pork isolates carried Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1), of which a serovar Anatum harbored SGI1 gene cluster located between thdF and int2. Two single-point mutations (i.e., G-259-T and C-248-T) in gyrA leading to Asp-87-Tyr and Ser-83-Phe substitutions in GyrA, respectively, were detected. Of all plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes tested, only qnrS (4.1%) and qnrB (1.8%) were found. The virulence plasmid-associated genes including spvC, pefA, and rck were identified in 8.1%, 1.8%, and 1.4% of all Salmonella isolates, respectively.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Veterinary Public Health, Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok, Thailand .
authors.forename: Nuananong
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sinwat
authors.affiliation: 2 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen, Thailand .
authors.forename: Sunpetch
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Angkittitrakul
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Veterinary Public Health, Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok, Thailand .
authors.forename: Rungtip
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chuanchuen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019757:Carbon-Oxygen Lyases / Q000032:analysis; D002645:Chickens; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases / Q000032:analysis; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D036781:Fimbriae Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology*; D010641:Phenotype; D010957:Plasmids / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D011200:Poultry / Q000382:microbiology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013552:Swine; D013785:Thailand; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D037521:Virulence Factors; C101015:pefA protein, Salmonella enterica; D036781:Fimbriae Proteins; C094683:DDX6 protein, human; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases; D019757:Carbon-Oxygen Lyases; C527194:phosphothreonine lyase, Salmonella enterica