title: Ready Access to Proquinazid Haptens via Cross-Coupling Chemistry for Antibody Generation and Immunoassay Development.
abstract: Bioconjugate preparation is a fundamental step for antibody generation and immunoassay development to small chemical compounds. For analytical targets holding in their structure an aryl halogen atom, cross-coupling reactions may be a simple and efficient way to obtain functionalized derivatives; thus offering great potential to elicit robust and selective immune responses after being coupled to immunogenic carrier proteins. However, substitution of the halogen atom by an aliphatic chain might eventually compromise the affinity and specificity of the resulting antibodies. In order to address this issue, proquinazid, a new-generation fungicide with outstanding performance, was chosen as model analyte. Two functionalized derivatives differing in spacer arm rigidity were synthesized by Sonogashira cross-coupling chemistry. These haptens were covalently coupled to bovine serum albumin and the resulting immunoconjugates were employed for rabbit vaccination. Antibodies were tested for proquinazid recognition by direct and indirect competitive immunoassay, and IC50 values in the low nanomolar range were found, thus demonstrating the suitability of this straightforward synthetic strategy for the generation of immunoreagents to compounds bearing an aryl halide. Following antibody characterization, competitive immunoassays were developed and employed to determine proquinazid residues in grape musts, and their analytical performance was satisfactorily validated by comparison with GC-MS. Besides having described the development of the first immunochemical method for proquinazid analysis, an efficient functionalization approach for analytes comprising aryl halides is reported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, IATA-CSIC, Agustí Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, València, Spain.
authors.forename: Francesc A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Esteve-Turrillas
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, IATA-CSIC, Agustí Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, València, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Mercader
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, IATA-CSIC, Agustí Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, València, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parra
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Chemistry, Universitat de València, Doctor Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain.
authors.forename: Consuelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Agulló
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Chemistry, Universitat de València, Doctor Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abad-Somovilla
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, IATA-CSIC, Agustí Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, València, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abad-Fuentes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D002417:Cattle; D006241:Haptens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods; D052999:Quinazolinones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D011817:Rabbits; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D006241:Haptens; D052999:Quinazolinones; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; C544537:proquinazid