title: Intrathecal Baclofen in Spinal Spasticity: Frequency and Severity of Withdrawal Syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) delivered by programmable pump devices represents an important modality for long-term treatment of severe spinal spasticity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  One of the serious adverse events is a withdrawal syndrome after sudden interruption of ITB delivery. In this study, we analyzed the frequency and severity of this complication. Treatment recommendations follow.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 54 ITB pumps were successfully implanted in 39 patients with severe intractable spasticity (24 with spinal cord injury, 15 with multiple sclerosis, 24 men, age range 21-59 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight patients developed a withdrawal syndrome on total a daily dose of ITB between 90-420 μg/day. Seven patients had catheter-related complications. In one patient, pump failure was observed due to its corrosion. Within the group, baclofen withdrawal syndrome occurred once in 20.1 pump-years counted out of 160.4 pump-years of ITB treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Small sample size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ITB withdrawal syndrome is a rare but life-threatening event and prompt diagnosis before treatment initiation is critical. The reported events were mostly mild due to the acute treatment regime and probably due to a lower dose of ITB. A prerequisite for successful ITB treatment is a deep knowledge of complications and their prompt management in the hands of a multidisciplinary team in specialized centers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Third School of Medicine, Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurosurgery, Third School of Medicine, Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stetkarova
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brabec
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vasko
authors.forename: Libor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mencl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001418:Baclofen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D057785:Catheters; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006801:Humans; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central; D001418:Baclofen