title: Kraft lignin/silica-AgNPs as a functional material with antibacterial activity.
abstract: Advanced functional silica/lignin hybrid materials, modified with nanosilver, were obtained. The commercial silica Syloid 244 was used, modified with N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane to increase its chemical affinity to lignin. Similarly, kraft lignin was oxidized using a solution of sodium periodate to activate appropriate functional groups on its surface. Silver nanoparticles were grafted onto the resulting silica/lignin hybrids. The systems obtained were comprehensively tested using available techniques and methods, including transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, elemental analysis and atomic absorption spectroscopy. An evaluation was also made of the electrokinetic stability of the systems with and without silver nanoparticles. Conclusions were drawn concerning the chemical nature of the bonds between the precursors and the effectiveness of the method of binding nanosilver to the hybrid materials. The antimicrobial activity of the studied materials was tested against five species of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The addition of silver nanoparticles to the silica/lignin hybrids led to inhibition of the growth of the analyzed bacteria. The best results were obtained against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a dangerous human pathogen.
authors.affiliation: Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Łukasz
authors.initials: Ł
authors.lastname: Klapiszewski
authors.affiliation: Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rzemieniecki
authors.affiliation: Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krawczyk
authors.affiliation: Cracow University of Technology Tadeusz Kosciuszko, Department of Engineering and Chemical Technology, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, PL-31155 Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Dagmara
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Malina
authors.affiliation: Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.affiliation: Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zdarta
authors.affiliation: Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Majchrzak
authors.affiliation: Poznan University of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, PL-60627 Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dobrowolska
authors.affiliation: Poznan University of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, PL-60627 Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Czaczyk
authors.affiliation: Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland. Electronic address: teofil.jesionowski@put.poznan.pl.
authors.forename: Teofil
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jesionowski
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012834:Silver; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C076151:Kraft lignin; D008031:Lignin
keywords: Antibacterial activity; Kraft lignin; Nanosilver; Silica/lignin hybrid materials