title: Multifunctional Electrochemical Platforms Based on the Michael Addition/Schiff Base Reaction of Polydopamine Modified Reduced Graphene Oxide: Construction and Application.
abstract: In this paper, a new strategy for the construction of multifunctional electrochemical detection platforms based on the Michael addition/Schiff base reaction of polydopamine modified reduced graphene oxide was first proposed. Inspired by the mussel adhesion proteins, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DA) was selected as a reducing agent to simultaneously reduce graphene oxide and self-polymerize to obtain the polydopamine-reduced graphene oxide (PDA-rGO). The PDA-rGO was then functionalized with thiols and amines by the reaction of thiol/amino groups with quinine groups of PDA-rGO via the Michael addition/Schiff base reaction. Several typical compounds containing thiol and/or amino groups such as 1-[(4-amino)phenylethynyl] ferrocene (Fc-NH2), cysteine (cys), and glucose oxidase (GOx) were selected as the model molecules to anchor on the surface of PDA-rGO using the strategy for construction of multifunctional electrochemical platforms. The experiments revealed that the composite grafted with ferrocene derivative shows excellent catalysis activity toward many electroactive molecules and could be used for individual or simultaneous detection of dopamine hydrochloride (DA) and uric acid (UA), or hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CC), while, after grafting of cysteine on PDA-rGO, simultaneous discrimination detection of Pb(2+) and Cd(2+) was realized on the composite modified electrode. In addition, direct electron transfer of GOx can be observed when GOx-PDA-rGO was immobilized on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). When glucose was added into the system, the modified electrode showed excellent electric current response toward glucose. These results inferred that the proposed multifunctional electrochemical platforms could be simply, conveniently, and effectively regulated through changing the anchored recognition or reaction groups. This study would provide a versatile method to design more detection or biosensing platforms through a chemical reaction strategy in the future.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Si
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Liuqing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Meiling
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Haitao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Youyu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Shouzhuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D002104:Cadmium / Q000737:chemistry; D002396:Catechols / Q000032:analysis; D003545:Cysteine / Q000737:chemistry; D004298:Dopamine / Q000032:analysis; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004566:Electrodes; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000032:analysis; D007211:Indoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D007477:Ions / Q000737:chemistry; D007854:Lead / Q000737:chemistry; D000075163:Metallocenes; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012545:Schiff Bases / Q000737:chemistry*; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D002396:Catechols; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D006873:Hydroquinones; D007211:Indoles; D007477:Ions; D000075163:Metallocenes; D010087:Oxides; D011108:Polymers; D012545:Schiff Bases; C568283:polydopamine; D002104:Cadmium; D014527:Uric Acid; D007854:Lead; D006108:Graphite; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D003545:Cysteine; C034221:catechol; C004998:ferrocene; D004298:Dopamine; C031927:hydroquinone
keywords: Michael addition reaction/Schiff base reaction; catalysis; detection; multifunctional electrochemical platforms; polydopamine-reduced graphene oxide (PDA-rGO)