title: Liberal alcohol legislation: does it amplify the effects among Swiss men of person-related risk factors on heavy alcohol use?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the statistical interactions between alcohol policy strength and the person-related risk factors of sensation-seeking, antisocial personality disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder related to heavy alcohol use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Young Swiss men living within 21 jurisdictions across Switzerland.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 5701 Swiss men (mean age 20 years) participating in the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors (C-SURF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcome measures were alcohol use disorder (AUD) as defined in the DSM-5 and risky single-occasion drinking (RSOD). Independent variables were sensation-seeking, antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and an index of alcohol policy strength.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alcohol policy strength was protective against RSOD [odds ratio (OR) = 0.91 (0.84-0.99)], while sensation-seeking and ASPD were risk factors for both RSOD [OR = 1.90 (1.77-2.04); OR = 1.69 (1.44-1.97)] and AUD [OR = 1.58 (1.47-1.71); OR = 2.69 (2.30-3.14)] and ADHD was a risk factor for AUD [OR = 1.08 (1.06-1.10)]. Significant interactions between alcohol policy strength and sensation-seeking were identified for RSOD [OR = 1.06 (1.01-1.12)] and AUD [OR = 1.06 (1.01-1.12)], as well as between alcohol policy strength and ASPD for both RSOD [OR = 1.17 (1.03-1.31)] and AUD [OR = 1.15 (1.02-1.29)]. These interactions indicated that the protective effects of alcohol policy strength on RSOD and AUD were lost in men with high levels of sensation-seeking or an ASPD. No interactions were detected between alcohol policy strength and ADHD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stronger alcohol legislation protects against heavy alcohol use in young Swiss men, but this protective effect is lost in individuals with high levels of sensation-seeking or having an antisocial personality disorder.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Leonhard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Held
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Estévez
authors.affiliation: Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.|Addiction Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland.|Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gmel
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Meichun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohler-Kuo
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D063425:Binge Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011057:Politics; D011640:Public Policy; D012307:Risk Factors; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Alcohol drinking; alcohol legislation; alcohol use disorder; diathesis; statistical interaction effect