title: Effects of three methane mitigation agents on parameters of kinetics of total and hydrogen gas production, ruminal fermentation and hydrogen balance using in vitro technique.
abstract: Methane (CH4 ) can be mitigated through directly inhibiting methanogen activity and starving methanogens by hydrogen (H2 ) sink. Three types of mechanism (i.e. bromoethanesulphonate (BES), nitrate and emodin) and doses of CH4 mitigation agents were employed to investigate their pathways of CH4 inhibition. Results indicated that both BES and emodin inhibited CH4 production and altered H2 balance, which could be accompanied by decreased dry matter disappearance (DMD), fractional rate of gH2 formation, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, ability to produce and use reducing equivalences and molecular H2 , and increased final asymptotic gH2 production, time to the peak of gH2 , discrete lag time of gH2 production and fermentation efficiency. However, emodin decreased gas volume produced by rapidly fermentable components of substrate and the rate of fermentation at early stage of incubation, while BES supplementation inhibited gas volume produced by both rapidly and slowly fermentable components of substrate and the rate of fermentation at middle or late stage of incubation. The nitrate supplementation inhibited CH4 production without affecting VFA profile, because of its dual role as H2 sink and being toxic to methanogens. Nitrate supplementation had more complicated pattern of fermentation, VFA production and profile and H2 balance in comparison to BES and emodin supplementation.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.|College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Jin Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shao Xun
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhi Liang
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D004642:Emodin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D005740:Gases; D006041:Goats; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008697:Methane / Q000378:metabolism*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D005740:Gases; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D009566:Nitrates; D006859:Hydrogen; D004642:Emodin; C037311:bromoethane; D008697:Methane
keywords: hydrogen gas; in vitro fermentation; methane mitigation agent; molecular hydrogen