title: Balancing the Osteogenic and Antibacterial Properties of Titanium by Codoping of Mg and Ag: An in Vitro and in Vivo Study.
abstract: To simultaneously enhance the osteogenic and antibacterial properties of titanium, we introduced magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), or both by using the plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) technique, producing three PIII sample groups, namely, Mg-doped titanium (Mg-PIII), Ag-doped titanium (Ag-PIII), and Mg and Ag codoped titanium (Mg/Ag-PIII). The in vitro antibacterial efficacy of Mg/Ag-PIII group was about 7-10% higher than that of Ag-PIII. In vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that osteogenic property of Mg/Ag PIII group was better than that of Ag-PIII or Mg-PIII. It was believed that the galvanic effects between Mg and Ag NPs played a key role in facilitating the release of Mg but reducing the release of silver, answering for the selective performances of the Mg/Ag-PIII group over bacterial and mammalian cells. This study demonstrated that the integration of multiple functional elements could be realized by the dual-source PIII technique, and in this case, the antibacterial properties and osteogenic property of titanium could be balanced.
authors.affiliation: †Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Yaochao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: ‡State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
authors.forename: Huiliang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: †Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: †Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: ‡State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
authors.forename: Shi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: †Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Mengqi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: †Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Xiaochun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: †Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Jiaxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: †Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: ‡State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
authors.forename: Guodong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: †Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Xianlong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: ‡State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
authors.forename: Xuanyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: §Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong China.
authors.forename: Paul K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Chu
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D011817:Rabbits; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D012834:Silver; D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D008274:Magnesium
keywords: antibacteria; magnesium; osteogenesis; plasma immersion ion implantation; silver nanoparticles