title: Sexual dysfunctions and lower urinary tract symptoms in ankylosing spondylitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine sexual dysfunctions and urinary symptoms in male ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients and their association with various disease and patient factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective case control study conducted at a tertiary care teaching institution, 100 males with AS were compared to 100 controls using International Index of Erectile Function-15 (IIEF), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and a global question for overall relationship with their partners. Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI), visual analogue scale pain scores, patient global assessment scale and Bath AS Disease Activity Index were also assessed in the AS group. Chi-square test, unpaired t-test and univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anxiety, depression, erectile dysfunction (ED), orgasmic dysfunction, intercourse dissatisfaction, overall sexual dissatisfaction, altered overall relationship with partner and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the AS group as compared to controls. Sexual desire, severe LUTS and bothersome LUTS (quality of life score > 2) were not different (P = 0.76, 0.82 and 0.30 respectively) between the two groups. ED was associated with anxiety, depression, longer disease duration, higher BASFI and higher age in AS patients (P = 0.02, 0.001, 0.02, 0.003 and 0.001 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AS is associated with higher incidence of sexual dysfunction in male patients. ED is associated with anxiety, depression, longer duration of disease, higher BASFI score and higher age in AS patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Urmila
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dhakad
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Bhupendra Pal
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Siddharth Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Anupam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wakhlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Puneet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Durgesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Pooja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dhoan
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Nilesh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nolkha
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003075:Coitus; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D009948:Orgasm; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010410:Penile Erection; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D013167:Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D014563:Urodynamics; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ankylosing spondylitis; lower urinary tract symptoms; quality of life; sexual dysfunction