title: Costochondral Graft as Interpositional material for TMJ Ankylosis in Children: A Clinical Study.
abstract: TMJ ankylosis is one of the most disruptive anomaly that affects the masticatory system. The inability to move the mandible has significant functional ramification, such as the inability to eat a normal diet. Additionally, speech is affected, making it difficult for some individuals to communicate and express themselves to others. As there are several biologic and anatomic similarities to the mandibular condyles, autogenous costochondral grafts have been considered to be the most acceptable tissue for temporomandibular joint reconstruction. In addition donor site complications are infrequent and regeneration of the rib usually occurs within a year post operatively in children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the function of costochondral grafts to replace the mandibular condyles and to assess the position, growth, overgrowth, function, success, failure and resorption of costochondral grafts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten TMJ ankylosis patients were operated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly. Out of the 10 cases 6 were male patients and 4 female patients in age group of ≤14 years; of which 8 patients were of unilateral TMJ ankylosis and 2 were of bilateral TMJ ankylosis. All ten patients underwent interpositional gap arthroplasty with reconstruction of the condyle by costochondral graft.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients with costochondral grafts had improved mandibular symmetry and growth with adequate mouth opening.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that using costochondral grafts to reconstruct TMJ ankylosis in children provides a good result.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dental Sciences, Pilibhit Bye pass road, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh India.
authors.forename: Himanshu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dental Sciences, Pilibhit Bye pass road, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh India.
authors.forename: Shouvik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Cline Road, Cooke Town, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Anuradha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Navaneetham
authors.affiliation: Dental Surgeon, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh India.
authors.forename: Sonal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Upadhyay
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dental Sciences, Pilibhit Bye pass road, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh India.
authors.forename: Sarwar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alam
keywords: Ankylosis; Condyle; Costochondral graft; Temporomandibular joint; Temporomandibular joint reconstruction