title: Current Status of Nuclear Medicine Practice in Latin America and the Caribbean.
abstract: The practice of nuclear medicine (NM) in the Latin American and Caribbean region has experienced important growth in the last decade. However, there is great heterogeneity among countries regarding the availability of technology and human resources. According to data collected through June 2014 by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the total number of γ cameras in the region is 1,231, with an average of 2.16 per million inhabitants. Over 90% of the equipment is SPECT cameras; 7.6% of which have hybrid technology. There are 161 operating PET or PET/CT cameras in 12 member states, representing a rate of 0.3 per million people. Most NM centers belong to the private health system and are in capitals or major cities. Only 4 countries have the capability of assembling 99Mo-99mTc generators, and 2 countries produce 99mTc from nuclear reactors. Cold kits are produced in some countries, and therapeutic agents are mostly imported from outside the region. There are 35 operative cyclotrons. In relation to human resources: there is 1 physician per γ camera, 1.6 technologists per γ camera, 0.1 medical physicist per center, and approximately 0.1 radiochemist or radiopharmacist per center. Nearly 94% of the procedures are diagnostic. PET studies represent about 4% of the total. The future of NM in the Latin American and Caribbean region is promising, with great potential and possibilities. Some of the most important factors driving the region toward greater homogeneity in the availability and application of NM, and bridging the gaps between countries, are clinician awareness of the importance of NM in managing diseases prevalent in the region, increased building of capacity, continuous and strong support from international organizations such as the IAEA through national and regional projects, and strong public-private partnerships and government commitment.
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine and Diagnostic Imaging Section, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Páez
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Unit, Radiology Department, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile porellana@med.puc.cl.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Orellana
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Institute, Fundacion CardioInfantil, Bogota, Colombia.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: Latin America Section, Department of Technical Cooperation, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Service, Asociacion Española, Montevideo, Uruguay; and.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mut
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Laboratory, CENTIS, Havana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Leonel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Torres
mesh_terms: D017691:Caribbean Region; D006801:Humans; D007843:Latin America; D009683:Nuclear Medicine / Q000639:trends*; D010820:Physicians; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals
keywords: Latin America; PET; SPECT; nuclear medicine; radionuclides