title: Growth performance and oxidative damage in kidney induced by oral administration of Cr(III) in chicken.
abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding chromic chloride (CrCl3) in the drinking water of chickens. Hyland brown male chickens were randomly divided into four groups. Three groups orally received 1/2 LD50, 1/4 LD50, and 1/8 LD50 CrCl3mgkg(-1) body weight daily for 42d. The fourth group was treated with water. The chickens were sacrificed at 14, 28, and 42d post-treatment. The renal injury was examined through histological analysis, and kidney mass was determined. The effects on growth performance were assessed by measuring the weight of the body, chest muscles, and leg muscles. Oxidative damage was evaluated by determining the antioxidant defense levels in kidney homogenates. The body weight and the weight of tissues gained time-dependently, but significantly decreased compared with those in the control group (P<0.05) at the same exposure time. Administering Cr(3+) significantly increased the levels of malondialdehyde, glutathione, and hydrogen peroxide in the kidney compared with those in the control groups. Whereas, administering Cr(3+) reduced the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and total an-tioxidant capacity compared with those in the control group (P<0.05) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In conclusion, oral administration of CrCl3 decreases the growth performance of chickens, leads to the pathological lesions and affects nephritic antioxidant capacity in the kidney dose- and time-dependently.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
authors.forename: Yanhan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
authors.forename: Cun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
authors.forename: Wentao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China. Electronic address: vetliujz@163.com.
authors.forename: Jianzhu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D002712:Chlorides / Q000633:toxicity*; D017608:Chromium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002712:Chlorides; D017608:Chromium Compounds; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; C022990:chromic chloride
keywords: Chicken; Cr(3+); Kidney; Oral; Oxidative damage