title: Antimicrobial activity and resistance selection of different bioglass S53P4 formulations against multidrug resistant strains.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of two different formulations of bioglass BAG-S53P4 against multiresistant microorganisms involved in bone infections, and the capability of bioglass to select for resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antibacterial activity was evaluated by means of killing curves. The ability to select for resistant bacteria was evaluated by subculturing microorganisms in serial dilutions of bioglass. Scanning electron microscope acquisitions were conducted to evaluate bioglass-induced morphology changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BAG-S53P4 formulations display a high antimicrobial activity and do not seem to select for resistance. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed cell shrinkage and membrane damage after exposure to bioglass.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BAG-S53P4 has a significant potential as bone substitute for the treatment of infections caused by multiresistant microorganisms.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry & Microbiology, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, via R Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy.|Laboratory of Technical Sciences for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, via L Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Drago
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry & Microbiology, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, via R Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Vecchi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry & Microbiology, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, via R Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bortolin
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry & Microbiology, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, via R Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toscano
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Microbiology & Virology, University of Milan, via C Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mattina
authors.affiliation: Centre for Reconstructive Surgery & Bone Infections, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, via R Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo Luca
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Romanò
mesh_terms: D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000494:pharmacology; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000382:microbiology; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C022107:Bioglass; D018786:Bone Substitutes; C403922:bioactive glass S53P4
keywords: antibacterial activity; bioactive glass S53P4; bone infection; multidrug resistance; scanning electron microscopy; selection of resistance