title: Do Porous Titanium Granule Grafts Affect Bone Microarchitecture at Augmented Maxillary Sinus Sites? A Pilot Split-Mouth Human Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this randomized controlled clinical study was to analyze the bone microarchitecture at augmented maxillary sinus sites by using different materials in patients to compare the effect of porous titanium granules as a sinus augmentation material with bone microstructural features.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight subjects with bilateral atrophic posterior maxilla of residual bone height <4 mm included in this study and each patient was treated with bilateral sinus augmentation procedure using xenograft with equine origin (Apatos, Osteobiol; Tecnoss Dental) and xenograft (1 g) + porous titanium (1 g) granules (Natix; Tigran Technologies AB). Sixteen human bone biopsy samples were taken from patients receiving two-stage sinus augmentation therapy during implant installation and analyzed using microcomputerized tomography. Three-dimensional bone structural parameters were analyzed in details: tissue volume, bone volume, percentage of bone volume, bone surface and bone surface density, bone specific surface, trabecular thickness trabecular separation, trabecular number, trabecular pattern factor, structural model index, fractal dimension, and bone mineral density.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant differences were found between groups according to bone structural parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Porous titanium grafts may ensure a space for new bone formation in the granules, which may be a clinical advantage for long-term success.
authors.affiliation: *Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. †Private Practice in Periodontics, Ankara, Turkey. ‡Professor, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. §Professor, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey. ¶Professor, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. ‖Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Erhan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dursun
authors.forename: Ceyda Kanli
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Dursun
authors.forename: Kenan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eratalay
authors.forename: Kaan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Orhan
authors.forename: Hakan Hamdi
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: Tolga Fikret
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Tözüm
mesh_terms: D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation; D000818:Animals; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D064593:Heterografts / Q000637:transplantation; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery*; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008903:Minerals / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059546:Sinus Floor Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D014025:Titanium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D015921:Dental Implants; D008903:Minerals; C577189:Natix; D014025:Titanium