title: Protective Effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis in Rats.
abstract: We investigated the protective effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rats in comparison with 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate (MESNA). Forty male rats were randomized into four groups: group 1 (control), group 2 (cyclophosphamide), group 3 (cyclophosphamide + MESNA), group 4 (cyclophosphamide + CAPE). Cyclophosphamide injection increased malondialdehyde levels indicating oxidative stress, whereas CAPE and MESNA ameliorated malondialdehyde levels in the bladder (p < 0.05). Only catalase activities were decreased significantly in both groups (cyclophosphamide + MESNA and cyclophosphamide + CAPE, p < 0.05). Pretreatment with CAPE (p < 0.01) resulted in a significant decrease in nitric oxide levels when compared with the cyclophosphamide group. When we consider the studies that show the critical importance of increased nitric oxide levels in pathogenesis of cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis, we suggest that it would be more beneficial to use MESNA with CAPE to prevent histological damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ersin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Uysal
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biology, Mevlana University, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: H Ramazan
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Yılmaz
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yunus
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ugan
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Atila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Altuntas
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Atalay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dogru
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kutlucan
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sevket Ercan
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Tunc
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000633:toxicity*; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000633:toxicity*; D003556:Cystitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C055494:caffeic acid phenethyl ester; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol
keywords: 2-Mercaptoethane Sulfonate; Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester; Cyclophosphamide; Hemorrhagic Cystitis