title: Actigraphically assessed activity in unipolar depression: a comparison of inpatients with and without motor retardation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the activity patterns of inpatients with unipolar depression, who had been divided into groups with and without motor retardation prior to actigraphy monitoring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four-hour actigraphy recordings from 52 consecutively, acutely admitted inpatients with unipolar depression (ICD-10) were compared to recordings from 28 healthy controls. The patients, admitted between September 2011 and April 2012, were separated into 2 groups: 25 with motor retardation and 27 without motor retardation. Twenty-eight healthy controls were also included. Twenty-four-hour recordings, 9-hour daytime sequences, and 64-minute periods of continuous motor activity in the morning and evening were analyzed for mean activity, variability, and complexity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with motor retardation had a reduced mean activity level (P = .04) and higher intraindividual variability, as shown by increased standard deviation (SD) (P = .003) and root mean square successive difference (RMSSD) (P = .025), during 24 hours compared to the patients without motor retardation. Both patient groups demonstrated significantly lower mean activity compared to healthy controls (P < .001) as well as higher SD (P < .02) and RMSSD (P < .001) and a higher RMSSD/SD ratio (P = .04). In the active morning period, the patients without motor retardation displayed significantly increased complexity compared to motor-retarded patients (P = .006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The patients with and without motor retardation differ in activity patterns. Findings in depressed inpatients without motor retardation closely resemble those of inpatients with mania.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), PO Box 3008 Lade, N-7441 Trondheim, Norway karoline.krane-gartiser@ntnu.no.
authors.forename: Karoline
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krane-Gartiser
authors.forename: Tone E G
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Henriksen
authors.forename: Arne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Vaaler
authors.forename: Ole Bernt
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Fasmer
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morken
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D000068079:Motor Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult