title: Windows of opportunity for physical activity in the prevention of obesity.
abstract: Tackling increasing rates of obesity is likely to be a defining feature of health care over the next several decades. Adult obesity is a persistent and treatment-resistant problem. Consequently, an emerging theme in the literature is to commence prevention efforts earlier in the developmental time course. This view is based primarily on epidemiological data demonstrating a link between traits manifesting early during development and increased obesity risk in adulthood. Physical activity is a perennial factor in discussions of obesity prevention. However, the optimal timing and type of physical activity interventions to commence remains unclear. Critical developmental windows of plasticity may afford time-limited opportunities to shape body composition across the life course; however, physical activity has not been explicitly considered in these discussions. Although animal models suggest that physical activity commenced earlier in development has differential effects on obesity onset compared to physical activity commenced in adulthood, human research is lacking. In this conceptual review, we consider physical activity during critical developmental periods as a way to mitigate obesity risk later in life.
authors.affiliation: Mater Health Services South Brisbane, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.|Mater Research, Centre for Nutrition and Exercise, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Street
authors.affiliation: Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, England.
authors.forename: J C K
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.affiliation: Mater Health Services South Brisbane, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.|Mater Research, Centre for Nutrition and Exercise, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.|Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Hills
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015444:Exercise; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Critical periods; development; obesity; physical activity