title: Effects of curcumin on crevicular levels of IL-1β and CCL28 in experimental gingivitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Curcumin has anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to compare interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28 (CCL28) levels following a topical application of curcumin (CRM), chlorhexidine (CHX) and chlorhexidine-metronidazole (CHX-MTZ) in an experimental gingivitis human model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty systemically healthy selected subjects were randomly assigned to one of three topical antigingivitis gels. Each gel was applied twice daily for 10 minutes as the sole method of oral hygiene for 29 days on the test quadrant only. Modified gingival index (MGI), plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing depth (PD) were assessed at baseline, 29 days and 60 days. Estimation of IL-1β and CCL28 levels in gingival crevicular fluid was done at baseline and at 29 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The increase of IL-1β in the CRM (14.52 ± 16.6 pg/ml) and CHX-MTZ (31.63 ± 15.96) groups was significantly less than that of the CHX group (70.55 ± 38.81). Similar results were also observed for CCL28 (CRM: 8.12 ± 8.78 pg/ml; CHX-MTZ: 12.81 ± 18.68; CHX: 41.15 ± 22.82). All groups had a significant increase in MGI, PI and BOP at 29 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The anti-inflammatory potential of topical curcumin was similar to CHX-MTZ but superior to CHX in affecting IL-1β and CCL28 levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Pulikkotil
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, Jharkhand, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nath
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003474:Curcumin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000188:drug therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C414047:CCL28 protein, human; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D004338:Drug Combinations; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008795:Metronidazole; D003474:Curcumin; D002710:Chlorhexidine
keywords: CCL28; curcumin/curcuma longa; gingivitis; inflammation; interleukin-1beta