title: An epidemiological study of traumatic brain injury cases in a trauma centre of New Delhi (India).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Trauma is one of the leading causes of death and disability in Indian population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To correlate various variables like epidemiology, clinical status, severity of TBI & associated co-morbid conditions and its outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study involved retrospective collection, prospective management and follow up of 796 cases of TBI admitted to the neurosurgery department of a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi during one year study duration.
  
  
  METHODS
  All the relevant variables recorded and analyzed with Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) in 6 months into 3 groups i.e. group 1 (GOS-1/Dead), group 2 (GOS-2&3/Bad) and group 3- (GOS-3&4/good).
  
  
  METHODS
  Compiled data collected, analyzed and difference between two proportions was analyzed using Chi Square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study included 791 cases with 569 (72%) males and 222 (28%) females with average age of 24 years. Fall from height was the main cause of TBI (56%) followed by road traffic injury (RTI) (36%). Majority (61%) patients reached the hospital within 6 hours of injury out of which 27% patients were unconscious. As per Glasgow coma scale mild, moderate & severe grade of TBI was seen in 62%, 22% &16% cases respectively. Radiological examination of other body parts revealed injuries in 11% cases. Only 11% cases required surgical management, rest was managed conservatively. Good outcome noted in 80% cases and 20% cases expired. Average duration of hospital stay was 5 days. According to multivariate analysis, the factors which correlated with poor prognosis are presence of radiological injuries to other body parts, GCS, abnormal cranial nerve examination, abnormal plantar and abnormal pupillary reflex. (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TBI predominantly affects young male population and most of these are preventable. Early transportation to the hospital and first aid results in good outcome. Mortality increases with the severity of TBI and associated injuries therefore multimodality approach in polytrauma is essential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Chandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shekhar
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Laxmi Narayan
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Ishwar Chandra
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Premsagar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Janakpuri Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Madhu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Jugal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kishore
keywords: Epidemiology; Glasgow outcome score; TBI is a significant public health problem worldwide and requires appropriate attention from researchers and policy makers regionally through the development of ongoing surveillance programs and the implementation of effective evidence — based intervent; multimodality approach; traumatic brain injury