title: Food Intolerance: Associations with the rs12212067 Polymorphism of FOXO3 in Crohn's Disease Patients in New Zealand.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diet is known to play a major role in Crohn's disease (CD). It has also been reported that the minor G allele from the rs12212067 polymorphism (T>G) in FOXO3 is associated with milder CD. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the rs12212067 polymorphism and food intolerances for a total of 253 foods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tolerances and intolerances were recorded on a self-reported dietary questionnaire. Each food was scored on a 5-point ordinal scale: beneficial effects as '+ +' or '+', adverse effects as '- -' or '-', and 'makes no difference' as '='. Dietary and genotype data were available for a total of 283 CD patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 17 foods with beneficial effects in our study which were significantly associated with the G allele of the FOXO3 rs12212067 polymorphism. Of these, sweet potatoes had the highest reported frequency of beneficial responses. We also identified 4 foods with detrimental effects in more than 25% of our study population. These were mustard, wasabi, and raw and cooked tomatoes, which again were significantly associated with the G allele in FOXO3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was strong evidence that adverse effects of mustard, wasabi, and raw and cooked tomatoes were significantly associated with the G allele of FOXO3 and that these foods should be avoided by people carrying this allele.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Gareth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marlow
authors.forename: Dug Yeo
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Triggs
authors.forename: Lynnette R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Ferguson
mesh_terms: D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D004032:Diet; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000235:genetics*; D000071316:Forkhead Box Protein O3; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D009520:New Zealand; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: C499517:FOXO3 protein, human; D000071316:Forkhead Box Protein O3; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors