title: Enhanced Performance of "Flower-like" Li4Ti5O12 Motifs as Anode Materials for High-Rate Lithium-Ion Batteries.
abstract: "Flower-like" motifs of Li4Ti5O12 were synthesized by using a facile and large-scale hydrothermal process involving unique Ti foil precursors followed by a short, relatively low-temperature calcination in air. Moreover, a detailed time-dependent growth mechanism and a reasonable reaction scheme were proposed to clearly illustrate and highlight the structural evolution and subsequent formation of this material. Specifically, the resulting "flower-like" Li4Ti5O12 microspheres consisting of thin nanosheets provide for an enhanced surface area and a reduced lithium-ion diffusion distance. The high surface areas of the exposed roughened, thin petal-like component nanosheets are beneficial for the interaction of the electrolyte with Li4Ti5O12 , which thereby ultimately provides for improved high-rate performance and favorable charge/discharge dynamics. Electrochemical studies of the as-prepared nanostructured Li4Ti5O12 clearly revealed their promising potential as an enhanced anode material for lithium-ion batteries, as they present both excellent rate capabilities (delivering 148, 141, 137, 123, and 60 mAh g(-1) under discharge rates of 0.2, 10, 20, 50, and 100 C, at cycles of 50, 55, 60, 65, and 70, respectively) and stable cycling performance (exhibiting a capacity retention of ≈97 % from cycles 10-100, under a discharge rate of 0.2 C, and an impressive capacity retention of ≈87 % by using a more rigorous discharge rate of 20 C from cycles 101-300).
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, USA.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, USA.
authors.forename: Yiman
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, USA.
authors.forename: Megan E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Scofield
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, USA.
authors.forename: Shiyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, USA.
authors.forename: Coray
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McBean
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, USA.|Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-2275, USA.
authors.forename: Amy C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Marschilok
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, USA.|Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-2275, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, USA.|Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-2275, USA.|Energy Sciences Directorate, Interdisciplinary Sciences Building, Building 734, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA.
authors.forename: Esther S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, USA. stanislaus.wong@stonybrook.edu, sswong@bnl.gov.|Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Sciences Department, Building 480, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA. stanislaus.wong@stonybrook.edu, sswong@bnl.gov.
authors.forename: Stanislaus S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D004058:Diffusion; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D008094:Lithium / Q000737:chemistry*; D018020:Lithium Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation
chemical_list: D018020:Lithium Compounds; D008094:Lithium
keywords: batteries; energy conversion; flower-like structures; hydrothermal synthesis; lithium