title: Long-Lasting Metabolic Imbalance Related to Obesity Alters Olfactory Tissue Homeostasis and Impairs Olfactory-Driven Behaviors.
abstract: Obesity is associated with chronic food intake disorders and binge eating. Food intake relies on the interaction between homeostatic regulation and hedonic signals among which, olfaction is a major sensory determinant. However, its potential modulation at the peripheral level by a chronic energy imbalance associated to obese status remains a matter of debate. We further investigated the olfactory function in a rodent model relevant to the situation encountered in obese humans, where genetic susceptibility is juxtaposed on chronic eating disorders. Using several olfactory-driven tests, we compared the behaviors of obesity-prone Sprague-Dawley rats (OP) fed with a high-fat/high-sugar diet with those of obese-resistant ones fed with normal chow. In OP rats, we reported 1) decreased odor threshold, but 2) poor olfactory performances, associated with learning/memory deficits, 3) decreased influence of fasting, and 4) impaired insulin control on food seeking behavior. Associated with these behavioral modifications, we found a modulation of metabolism-related factors implicated in 1) electrical olfactory signal regulation (insulin receptor), 2) cellular dynamics (glucorticoids receptors, pro- and antiapoptotic factors), and 3) homeostasis of the olfactory mucosa and bulb (monocarboxylate and glucose transporters). Such impairments might participate to the perturbed daily food intake pattern that we observed in obese animals.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR1197, Neurobiologie de l'Olfaction, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France, christine.baly@jouy.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lacroix
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR1197, Neurobiologie de l'Olfaction, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caillol
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR1197, Neurobiologie de l'Olfaction, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Durieux
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR1197, Neurobiologie de l'Olfaction, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Régine
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Monnerie
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR1197, Neurobiologie de l'Olfaction, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grebert
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, CH1005 Lausanne, Switzerland and.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pellerin
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, CH1005 Lausanne, Switzerland and.
authors.forename: Cendrine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Repond
authors.affiliation: UMR-S 894 INSERM, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tolle
authors.affiliation: UMR-S 894 INSERM, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zizzari
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR1197, Neurobiologie de l'Olfaction, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baly
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001835:Body Weight; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004435:Eating; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D051246:Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009812:Odorants; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000378:metabolism; D009831:Olfactory Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054411:Receptors, Leptin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012903:Smell / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D051246:Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative; D007328:Insulin; D054411:Receptors, Leptin; D011972:Receptor, Insulin
keywords: GLUTs and MCTs; apoptosis; fasting; insulin; olfaction