title: The antithrombotic effect of RSNK in blood-stasis model rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reduction of Sheng-Nao-Kang decoction (RSNK), composed of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge., Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi., Paeonia lactiflora Pall. and Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen., is a modified traditional Chinese medicinal formula of Sheng-Nao-Kang pill preparation, which has been investigated its protective effect on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat in our previous report.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the antithrombotic effect of RSNK in blood stasis model rats and explore the potential mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subcutaneous injection of norepinephrine and bovine serum albumin combined with ice water bath was used to establish the acute blood stasis rat model. The anticoagulant activities were investigated by measuring activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), and the content of fibrinogen (FIB). Meanwhile, the levels of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), prostaglandins I2 (PGI2), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and endothelin (ET) were detected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The treatment of RSNK was able to prolong APTT, TT and PT, and decrease FIB content obviously. Furthermore, it markedly suppressed TXB2 level and up-regulated 6-keto-PGF1α level of the blood-stasis model rats, accompanied with the decrease of T/K. The level of ET and TXA2 in plasma was down-regulated and the levels of eNOS in plasma and PGI2 in serum was up-regulated in RSNK-treated rats compared with model rats (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggested that RSNK possessed remarkable antithrombotic property in blood stasis model rats induced by ice water bath and subcutaneous injection of norepinephrine and bovine serum albumin. This property could be associated with its anticoagulation activity, the regulation of active substances in vascular endothelium and maintaining the balance of TXA2 and PGI2.
authors.affiliation: Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi׳an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.affiliation: Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi׳an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Jing-Jing
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi׳an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: An-Qi
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi׳an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi׳an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Ru
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi׳an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Ren-Ming
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi׳an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China. Electronic address: zhaoye@nwu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha / Q000097:blood; D045784:Abietanes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D002396:Catechols / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016232:Endothelins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000097:blood; D009638:Norepinephrine; D008517:Phytotherapy; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D013928:Thromboxane A2 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; D000925:Anticoagulants; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D002396:Catechols; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D016232:Endothelins; C000591273:Sheng-Nao-Kang; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D013928:Thromboxane A2; D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat; D009638:Norepinephrine
keywords: 3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde (PubChem CID: 8768); Anticoagulation; Antithrombotic; Danshensu (PubChem CID: 11600642); Reduction of Sheng-Nao-Kang decoction (RSNK); astragaloside (PubChem CID: 45006101); ferulic acid (PubChem CID: 445858); paeoniflorin (PubChem CID: 425990); puerarin (PubChem CID: 5281807); tanshinone IIA (PubChem CID: 164676)