title: Red blood cell distribution width [RDW] and long-term mortality after community-acquired pneumonia. A comparison with proadrenomedullin.
abstract: Proadrenomedullin (proADM), a cardiovascular biomarker, has shown high prognostic power for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) outcomes. Red-blood-cell distribution width (RDW), linked to cardiovascular disorders, has been associated with short-term and medium-term mortality after CAP. Our objective was to assess the accuracy of both biomarkers for CAP long-term mortality (>90 days). Adults hospitalized with CAP underwent blood proADM, RDW, C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) measurements at admission, and were evaluated after 30, 90, and 180 days, and 1, 2, and 3 years, until either death or 5 years of follow-up. A group of 265 patients were recruited, with an average follow-up 1018 ± 539 days. Of these, 217 were followed for 1 year, and 187 for 3 years. Levels of both proADM and RDW were higher in those who died in the short term (p = 0.017 and p < 0.0001, respectively), medium term (p = 0.004 and p < 0.0001, respectively) and long term (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). RDW showed lower accuracy (30-day AUC, 0.673) than proADM (AUC, 0.816), PSI (AUC, 0.846), and CURB65 (AUC, 0.817) scores for short-term and medium-term mortality prediction. However, accuracy was similar (3-year AUC, 0.692, 0.698, 0.743, and 0.704, respectively) for long-term mortality, and RDW > 14% (RDW > 14) increased the prediction power of both PSI (AUC, 0.743 vs 0.779; p < 0.0001) and CURB65 (AUC, 0.704 vs 0.747; p < 0.0001) scores, as did proADM. RDW > 14 + PSI and RDW > 14 + CURB65 associations had a sensitivity for long-term mortality of 80.8%-90% and 74%-90%, and a specificity of 56.7%-61.5% and 59.3%-64.2%, respectively. Both proADM and RDW > 14 (HR, 4.116) were independent risk factors for long-term mortality and were associated with poorer survival. Our findings agree with the suggested association between cardiovascular disease and long-term CAP mortality. RDW, routinely provided as part of the whole blood count, and especially associated with clinical scores, can provide useful information about long-term CAP outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: sbello@salud.aragon.es.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bello
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fandos
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Lasierra
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mincholé
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Panadero
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gavin
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Pablo
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neumología, ISS/Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe CIBERES, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Menendez
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neumologia, Hospital Clinic i Provincial de Barcelona - Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer [IDIBAPS], Universidad de Barcelona [UB] - Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias [CIBERES], Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torres
mesh_terms: D053607:Adrenomedullin / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D004909:Erythrocyte Indices; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011498:Protein Precursors; C088633:proadrenomedullin; D053607:Adrenomedullin
keywords: Community-acquired pneumonia; Proadrenomedullin; Red blood cell distribution width