title: Effects of prepartum fat supplementation on plasma concentrations of glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY, adropin, insulin, and leptin in periparturient dairy cows.
abstract: Dietary fat supplementation during the periparturient period is one strategy to increase energy intake and attenuate the degree of negative energy balance during early lactation; however, little is known of the underlying hormonal and metabolic adaptations. We evaluated the effects of prepartum fat supplementation on energy-balance parameters and plasma concentrations of glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY), adropin, insulin, leptin, glucose, nonesterified fatty acid, and β-hydroxybutyric acid in dairy cows. Twenty-four pregnant dairy cows were randomized to diets containing either rolled canola or sunflower seed at 8% of dry matter, or no oilseed supplementation, during the last 5 wk of gestation and then assigned to a common lactation diet postpartum. Blood samples were collected at -2, +2, and +14 h relative to feeding, at 2 wk after the initiation of the diets, and at 2 wk postpartum. Dietary canola and sunflower supplementation alone did not affect energy balance, body weight, and plasma concentrations of glucagon-like peptide-1, PYY, adropin, insulin, leptin, nonesterified fatty acid, and β-hydroxybutyric acid; however, canola decreased and sunflower tended to decrease dry matter intake. We also observed that the physiological stage had a significant, but divergent, effect on circulating hormones and metabolite concentrations. Plasma glucagon-like peptide-1, PYY, adropin, nonesterified fatty acid, and β-hydroxybutyric acid concentrations were greater postpartum than prepartum, whereas glucose, insulin, leptin, body weight, and energy balance were greater prepartum than postpartum. Furthermore, the interaction of treatment and stage was significant for leptin and adropin, and tended toward significance for PYY and insulin; only insulin exhibited an apparent postprandial increase. Postpartum PYY concentrations exhibited a strong negative correlation with body weight, suggesting that PYY may be associated with body weight regulation during the transition period. These novel findings demonstrate that the transition from pregnancy to lactation is a stronger determinant of circulating gut hormone concentrations than dietary lipid in transition dairy cows.
authors.affiliation: Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1 Canada.
authors.forename: Rizaldy C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Zapata
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5 Canada.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salehi
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5 Canada; Livestock Research Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, 7000 113 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 5T6 Canada.
authors.forename: Divakar J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Ambrose
authors.affiliation: Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1 Canada; Gastrointestinal Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1 Canada. Electronic address: pchelika@ucalgary.ca.
authors.forename: Prasanth K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Chelikani
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D001835:Body Weight; D002417:Cattle / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000097:blood; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007774:Lactation; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D019894:Peptide YY / Q000097:blood; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004151:Dipeptides; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D006728:Hormones; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; C042696:tyrosyltyrosine; D019894:Peptide YY; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid
keywords: adropin; dairy cow; dietary fat; glucagon-like peptide-1; peptide YY