title: Adenoviral gene therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: a review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatocellular carcinoma is the third leading cause of cancer death. Single or multiple mutations in genes related to growth control, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis have been determined; so a better understanding of the molecular genetic basis of malignant transformation, tumor progression and host interaction has led to significant progress in the development of new therapeutic agents. The ability of adenovirus vectors to deliver and express genes at high yields in HCC treatment has been demonstrated and well documented over the last few years.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To overview and provide an update of what has been accomplished in the field of adenoviral gene therapy and its application in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Original articles were searched using Pubmed and other medical databases to get the most representative and actual information to establish the current state of the investigation of Ad vectors in HCC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Good results have been accomplished in preclinical models using new Ad vectors and especially AAV vectors, it is important to motivate further clinical trials to corroborate all the experience obtained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ad and AAV must be considered as an opportunity to improve the quality of life and survival of HCC patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, CUCS, University of Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada #950, 44281, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Iván
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lyra-González
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, CUCS, University of Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada #950, 44281, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Laura Esther
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Flores-Fong
authors.affiliation: O.P.D. Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: González-García
authors.affiliation: O.P.D. Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Juan I. Menchaca, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Medina-Preciado
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, CUCS, University of Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada #950, 44281, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico. armdbo@gmail.com.|O.P.D. Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Juan I. Menchaca, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico. armdbo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Armendáriz-Borunda
keywords: Adenoviral gene therapy; Cancer treatment; Gene therapy; HCC; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Liver cancer