title: Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 elevation prior to the onset of rheumatoid arthritis among women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) concentration and future rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk, and investigate effect modification by human leukocyte antigen-shared epitope (HLA-SE) and several lifestyle factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a nested case-control study using stored plasma samples from the Nurses' Health Studies. Each pre-RA case was matched to three controls (N case = 220, N control = 675). Odds ratios (OR) for RA associated with MCP-1 concentration and interactions with HLA-SE, smoking, BMI and alcohol intake were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MCP-1 concentration was associated with both seropositive and seronegative RA, in particular <5 years of blood draw (OR: 2.42), and among HLA-SE positive (OR: 2.05). No interactions with smoking, BMI or alcohol were detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MCP-1 was associated with risk of RA, especially among HLA-SE positive, but did not differ by smoking status, BMI or alcohol intake.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Immunology & Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.|Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Elizabeth V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Arkema
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Immunology & Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Immunology & Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malspeis
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Immunology & Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Karlson
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Immunology & Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Karen H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Costenbader
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000483:Alleles; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009726:Nurses; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012907:Smoking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains
keywords: chemokine; monocyte chemotactic protein-1; obesity; rheumatoid arthritis; smoking