title: Determinants of Postpartum Vitamin D Status in the Caucasian Mother-Offspring Pairs at a Latitude of 52°N: A Cross-Sectional Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy is recorded.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To establish determinants of postpartum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels on mothers and offspring.
  
  
  METHODS
  25(OH)D level was measured in cord blood and maternal blood collected ≤3 weeks postpartum. Maternal socioeconomic status, vitamin D intake, sun exposure during pregnancy and maternal and neonatal fat mass (FM; dual X-ray absorptiometry) were assessed within 3 weeks postpartum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 174 mother-offspring pairs were enrolled. Maternal 25(OH)D <20 ng/ml was seen in 32 (51%) of summer and 82 (74%) of winter deliveries. Women with 25(OH)D <20 ng/ml had a 2-fold lower percentage of vitamin D intake of ≥800 IU/day than women with 25(OH)D ≥20 ng/ml (p = 0.02). FM (%) was comparable between groups (p > 0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed the delivery season, prenatal vitamin D intake ≥800 IU/day and duration of supplementation to be the determinants of maternal 25(OH)D level (R(2) = 0.26, p < 0.001). Maternal 25(OH)D level, season of birth and duration of maternal supplementation explained 83% of the variance in cord blood 25(OH)D level (R(2) = 0.83, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The key determinants of higher maternal vitamin D status were the summer-autumn season of delivery and prenatal use of ≥800 IU/day of vitamin D. The cord blood 25(OH)D level was mainly determined by maternal 25(OH)D level and season of birth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Czech-Kowalska
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gruszfeld
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jaworski
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bulsiewicz
authors.forename: Julita
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Latka-Grot
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pleskaczynska
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lygas
authors.forename: Grazyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wygledowska
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pawlus
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zochowska
authors.forename: Maria K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Borszewska-Kornacka
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dobrzanska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012621:Seasons; D012923:Social Class; D013472:Sunlight; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D