title: Manufacture of electrical and magnetic graded and anisotropic materials for novel manipulations of microwaves.
abstract: Spatial transformations (ST) provide a design framework to generate a required spatial distribution of electrical and magnetic properties of materials to effect manipulations of electromagnetic waves. To obtain the electromagnetic properties required by these designs, the most common materials approach has involved periodic arrays of metal-containing subwavelength elements. While aspects of ST theory have been confirmed using these structures, they are often disadvantaged by narrowband operation, high losses and difficulties in implementation. An all-dielectric approach involves weaker interactions with applied fields, but may offer more flexibility for practical implementation. This paper investigates manufacturing approaches to produce composite materials that may be conveniently arranged spatially, according to ST-based designs. A key aim is to highlight the limitations and possibilities of various manufacturing approaches, to constrain designs to those that may be achievable. The article focuses on polymer-based nano- and microcomposites in which interactions with microwaves are achieved by loading the polymers with high-permittivity and high-permeability particles, and manufacturing approaches based on spray deposition, extrusion, casting and additive manufacture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK patrick.grant@materials.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Castles
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Janurudin
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Isakov
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Speller
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dancer
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK.
authors.forename: C R M
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Grovenor
keywords: manufacture; metamaterials; processing; spatial transforms; transformation optics