title: Applications of Fluorine in Medicinal Chemistry.
abstract: The role of fluorine in drug design and development is expanding rapidly as we learn more about the unique properties associated with this unusual element and how to deploy it with greater sophistication. The judicious introduction of fluorine into a molecule can productively influence conformation, pKa, intrinsic potency, membrane permeability, metabolic pathways, and pharmacokinetic properties. In addition, (18)F has been established as a useful positron emitting isotope for use with in vivo imaging technology that potentially has extensive application in drug discovery and development, often limited only by convenient synthetic accessibility to labeled compounds. The wide ranging applications of fluorine in drug design are providing a strong stimulus for the development of new synthetic methodologies that allow more facile access to a wide range of fluorinated compounds. In this review, we provide an update on the effects of the strategic incorporation of fluorine in drug molecules and applications in positron emission tomography.
authors.affiliation: Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States.
authors.forename: Eric P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Gillis
authors.affiliation: Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States.
authors.forename: Kyle J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Eastman
authors.affiliation: Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States.
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: Discovery Chemistry Platforms, PET Radiochemical Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Donnelly
authors.affiliation: Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States.
authors.forename: Nicholas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Meanwell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000379:methods*; D005461:Fluorine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes / Q000737:chemistry; D054879:Halogenation; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D005461:Fluorine