title: Gender Affects Early Postoperative Outcomes of Rotator Cuff Repair.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The literature does not provide consistent information on the impact of patients' gender on recovery after rotator cuff repair. The purpose of this study was to determine whether gender affects pain and functional recovery in the early postoperative period after rotator cuff repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty patients (40 men and 40 women) were prospectively enrolled. Pain intensity and functional recovery were evaluated, using visual analog scale (VAS) pain score and range of motion on each of the first 5 postoperative days, at 2 and 6 weeks and at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Perioperative medication-related adverse effects and postoperative complications were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean VAS pain score was significantly higher for women than men at 2 weeks after surgery (p = 0.035). For all other periods, there was no significant difference between men and women in VAS pain scores, although women had higher scores than men. Mean forward flexion in women was significantly lower than men at 6 weeks after surgery (p = 0.033) and the mean degree of external rotation in women was significantly lower than men at 6 weeks (p = 0.007) and at 3 months (p = 0.017) after surgery. There was no significant difference in medication-related adverse effects or postoperative complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women had more pain and slower recovery of shoulder motion than men during the first 3 months after rotator cuff repair. These findings can serve as guidelines for pain management and rehabilitation after surgery and can help explain postoperative recovery patterns to patients with scheduled rotator cuff repair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dongsan Medical Center and Pain Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Chul-Hyun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dongsan Medical Center and Pain Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Uk
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dongsan Medical Center and Pain Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanmi Hospital, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Kuk
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D020127:Recovery of Function; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000601:surgery*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Arthroscopic repair; Function; Gender; Pain; Rotator cuff