title: Phytochemistry, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content and anti-inflammatory activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa leaves.
abstract: A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous separation, and determination of natural compounds including phenolic acids and flavonoids in the leaves of Hibiscus sabdariffa. By analyzing the UV and MS data, and comparison with authenticated standards, 10 polyphenols including neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, quercetin, kaempferol and their glycosides were identified together with 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural. Major constituents in the leaves of 25 different populations from worldwide accessions were quantified and compared with each other. The total phenolic content of each accession was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu assay, ranging from 18.98 ± 2.7 to 29.9 ± 0.5 mg GAE/g. Their in vitro antioxidant activities were measured by ABTS radical cation decolorization assay, varying from 17.5 to 152.5 ± 18.8 μmol Trolox/g. After the treatment of H. sabdariffa leaf extract, the reduction of LPS-induced NO production dose-dependently in RAW 264.7 cell indicates the extract's potential anti-inflammatory activity.
authors.affiliation: New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.affiliation: New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Villani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA.
authors.forename: Yadong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA.
authors.forename: Kit
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Min-Hsiung
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
authors.forename: Chi-Tang
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. Electronic address: jimsimon@rci.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. Electronic address: qlwu@aesop.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Qingli
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D031584:Hibiscus / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000737:chemistry*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols; D064209:Phytochemicals
keywords: Anti-inflammatory; Antioxidant; Hibiscus sabdariffa; LC/MS; Leaf extract; Polyphenols