title: Full-length genome analysis of canine coronavirus type I.
abstract: Canine coronavirus types I (CCoV-I) and II (CCoV-II) are usually responsible for mild enteritis in dogs. While the CCoV-II genome has been completely sequenced, to date there are no complete genomic sequence data available publicly for CCoV-I. Thus, the aim of the present study was to analyze the full-length genome of a CCoV-I prototype strain that had been recovered from a dog with diarrhea in Italy. CCoV-I strain 23/03 has a genome of 30,000 nucleotides, excluding the 3' poly(A) tail, displaying the typical Alphacoronavirus-1 organization and the highest genetic relatedness to CCoV-II. However, two distinct features were observed in the CCoV-I genome: (i) the presence of an additional ORF between the spike (S) protein gene and ORF3a; (ii) the diversity of the S protein, which is more closely related to that of feline coronavirus type I and presents a furin cleavage site. The present study may contribute to a better understanding of the Alphacoronavirus-1 evolutionary pattern and may be paradigmatic of how coronaviruses evolve through gene losses, acquisition and exchanges among different members.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy. Electronic address: nicola.decaro@uniba.it.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Decaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mari
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Elia
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianvito
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lanave
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dowgier
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Loredana
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Colaianni
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
authors.forename: Vito
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martella
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
authors.forename: Canio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buonavoglia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D017939:Coronavirus, Canine / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000821:virology; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000821:virology; D004285:Dogs; D023061:Gene Order; D005814:Genes, Viral; D016679:Genome, Viral; D007558:Italy; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Canine coronavirus type I; Dog; Genomic analysis