title: Prevalence and distribution of coronary calcium in asymptomatic Japanese subjects in lung cancer screening computed tomography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is associated with a risk of coronary heart disease. The prevalence and distribution of the CAC score have been examined in Western countries, but few studies have been performed in Asia, and especially in Japan. The goal of this study was to investigate CAC scores in an asymptomatic Japanese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  CAC score and risk factors were analyzed in 1834 asymptomatic subjects who underwent lung cancer screening computed tomography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CAC was present in 26.9% of all the subjects, 29.8% of the males, and 17.1% of the females. In all age groups, the CAC score was higher in males. In multivariate analysis, male gender [odds ratio (OR) 2.461, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.361-4.452, p=0.002], aging (OR 1.102, 95% CI 1.081-1.123, p<0.001), dyslipidemia (OR 1.740, 95% CI 1.216-2.490, p=0.002), and fasting glucose (OR 1.008, 95% CI 1.002-1.015, p=0.012) were significantly associated with a CAC score >100.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study provide a pattern of CAC distribution based on age and gender in asymptomatic Japanese subjects. This pattern was similar to that in Western countries, although the absolute CAC scores were lower. High CAC scores were associated with male gender, aging, dyslipidemia, and fasting glucose.
authors.affiliation: Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: yoomoto@toranomon.gr.jp.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohmoto-Sekine
authors.affiliation: Chiba Foundation for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryoko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yanagibori
authors.affiliation: Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amakawa
authors.affiliation: Imaging Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.affiliation: Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.affiliation: Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Rieko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ishimura
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Sugao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishiwata
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arase
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors; D061205:Vascular Calcification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Coronary artery calcium; Epidemiology; Ethics; Risk factor