title: The effect of statins on the occurrence of peptic ulcer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was to determine the association between the use of statins and the occurrence of peptic ulcer diseases (PUD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the National Health Insurance Research Database to conduct a population-based cohort study. We identified 48,562 patients who were newly diagnosed with hyperlipidemia during the period of 1998 to 2011 and who were divided into two groups based on their use of statins. The non-statin cohort (without statin treatment, 24,139 patients) were 1:1 frequency matched with sex, age, year of diagnosis of hyperlipidemia and index-year to the statin cohort (24,423 patients). The relative risk of patients with and without statins treatment on the occurrence of PUD and concomitant use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and aspirin were analyzed using the univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of PUD increased with age in both cohorts and female had a higher occurrence rate than male in both cohorts. Compared with the non-statin cohort, the statin cohort was associated with a significant lower risk of PUD for all age group. The concomitant use of aspirin and/or NSAIDs had higher incidence of PUD than those without in both cohorts. Analyzing the cumulative defined daily dose (DDD) of statins indicated that high-dose groups (≧ 575 DDD) exhibited significantly decreased risk compared with non-statin users.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study indicated that statins might be associated with the protection of peptic ulcer in a dose-respondent manner.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Cheng Hisn General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Nation Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Anning
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: UC Berkeley Mishler Lab Undergraduate Researcher, Intended B.S. Molecular and Cell Biology, University of CA, Berkeley, USA.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Veterans General Hospital Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan; National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Szu-Hsien
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Veterans General Hospital Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan; National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jia-Chi
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Ni
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Li
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. Electronic address: d10040@mail.cmuh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Chia-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D013624:Taiwan; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D001241:Aspirin
keywords: Cohort study; National Health Insurance Research Database; Peptic ulcer; Statins