title: Mycorrhization between Cistus ladanifer L. and Boletus edulis Bull is enhanced by the mycorrhiza helper bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens Migula.
abstract: Boletus edulis Bull. is one of the most economically and gastronomically valuable fungi worldwide. Sporocarp production normally occurs when symbiotically associated with a number of tree species in stands over 40 years old, but it has also been reported in 3-year-old Cistus ladanifer L. shrubs. Efforts toward the domestication of B. edulis have thus focused on successfully generating C. ladanifer seedlings associated with B. edulis under controlled conditions. Microorganisms have an important role mediating mycorrhizal symbiosis, such as some bacteria species which enhance mycorrhiza formation (mycorrhiza helper bacteria). Thus, in this study, we explored the effect that mycorrhiza helper bacteria have on the efficiency and intensity of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis between C. ladanifer and B. edulis. The aim of this work was to optimize an in vitro protocol for the mycorrhizal synthesis of B. edulis with C. ladanifer by testing the effects of fungal culture time and coinoculation with the helper bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens Migula. The results confirmed successful mycorrhizal synthesis between C. ladanifer and B. edulis. Coinoculation of B. edulis with P. fluorescens doubled within-plant mycorrhization levels although it did not result in an increased number of seedlings colonized with B. edulis mycorrhizae. B. edulis mycelium culture time also increased mycorrhization levels but not the presence of mycorrhizae. These findings bring us closer to controlled B. edulis sporocarp production in plantations.
authors.affiliation: Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, Fire and Applied Mycology Laboratory, Departments of Agroforestry Sciences and Vegetal Production and Natural Resources, University of Valladolid (Palencia), Avda, Madrid 44, 34071, Palencia, Spain. olayamediavillasantos@gmail.com.|IDForest-Biotecnología Forestal Aplicada, Calle Tren Ter, s/n. Parcela 238, 34200, Venta de Baños, Palencia, Spain. olayamediavillasantos@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Olaya
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mediavilla
authors.affiliation: IDForest-Biotecnología Forestal Aplicada, Calle Tren Ter, s/n. Parcela 238, 34200, Venta de Baños, Palencia, Spain. jaime@idforest.es.
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olaizola
authors.affiliation: Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, Fire and Applied Mycology Laboratory, Departments of Agroforestry Sciences and Vegetal Production and Natural Resources, University of Valladolid (Palencia), Avda, Madrid 44, 34071, Palencia, Spain. luis.santosdelblanco@unil.ch.|Department of Ecology and Evolution, Univeristy of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland. luis.santosdelblanco@unil.ch.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santos-del-Blanco
authors.affiliation: Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, Fire and Applied Mycology Laboratory, Departments of Agroforestry Sciences and Vegetal Production and Natural Resources, University of Valladolid (Palencia), Avda, Madrid 44, 34071, Palencia, Spain. oria@agro.uva.es.
authors.forename: Juan Andrés
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Oria-de-Rueda
authors.affiliation: Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, Fire and Applied Mycology Laboratory, Departments of Agroforestry Sciences and Vegetal Production and Natural Resources, University of Valladolid (Palencia), Avda, Madrid 44, 34071, Palencia, Spain. pmpinto@pvs.uva.es.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martín-Pinto
mesh_terms: D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000254:growth & development*; D029758:Cistus / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology; D056265:Microbial Interactions; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D011551:Pseudomonas fluorescens / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D013559:Symbiosis
keywords: Ectomycorrhizal fungi cultivation; MHB; Mycelium culture; Mycorrhizal plants; Sporocarps