title: Orexins (hypocretins) and energy balance: More than feeding.
abstract: Initially implicated in the regulation of feeding, orexins/hypocretins are now acknowledged to play a major role in the control of a wide variety of biological processes, such as sleep, energy expenditure, pain, cardiovascular function and neuroendocrine regulation, a feature that makes them one of the most pleiotropic families of hypothalamic neuropeptides. While the orexigenic effect of orexins is well described, their central effects on energy expenditure and particularly on brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis are not totally unraveled. Better understanding of these actions and their possible interrelationship with other hypothalamic systems controlling thermogenesis, such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, will help to clarify the exact role and pathophysiological relevance of these neuropeptides have on energy balance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Department of Clinical Science, K. G. Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway. Electronic address: johan.ferno@uib.no.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fernø
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Señarís
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) 15706, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Diéguez
authors.affiliation: CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) 15706, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Hospital Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; FiDiPro Program, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tena-Sempere
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) 15706, Spain. Electronic address: m.lopez@usc.es.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: López
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism*; D000068797:Orexins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010146:Pain / Q000378:metabolism; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D022722:Thermogenesis / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000068797:Orexins; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: Brown adipose tissue; Energy balance; Food intake; Hypothalamus; Orexins