title: Lipid production by the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica using industrial by-products under different culture conditions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Microbial lipid production using renewable feedstock shows great promise for the biodiesel industry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, the ability of a lipid-engineered Yarrowia lipolytica strain JMY4086 to produce lipids using molasses and crude glycerol under different oxygenation conditions and at different inoculum densities was evaluated in fed-batch cultures. The greatest lipid content, 31% of CDW, was obtained using a low-density inoculum, a constant agitation rate of 800 rpm, and an oxygenation rate of 1.5 L/min. When the strain was cultured for 450 h in a chemostat containing a nitrogen-limited medium (dilution rate of 0.01 h(-1); 250 g/L crude glycerol), volumetric lipid productivity was 0.43 g/L/h and biomass yield was 60 g CDW/L. The coefficient of lipid yield to glycerol consumption (Y L/gly) and the coefficient of lipid yield to biomass yield (Y L/X ) were equal to 0.1 and 0.4, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that lipids may be produced using renewable feedstock, thus providing a means of decreasing the cost of biodiesel production. Furthermore, using molasses for biomass production and recycling glycerol from the biodiesel industry should allow biolipids to be sustainably produced.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France ; AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France ; Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Str. 37/41, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland ; Institut Micalis, INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR1319, Team BIMLip: Biologie Intégrative du Métabolisme Lipidique, CBAI, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rakicka
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France ; AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France ; Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Str. 37/41, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lazar
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France ; AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dulermo
authors.affiliation: Microbial Processes and Interactions, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, Université de Liège, Passage des Déportés, 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fickers
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France ; AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France ; Institut Micalis, INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR1319, Team BIMLip: Biologie Intégrative du Métabolisme Lipidique, CBAI, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France.
authors.forename: Jean Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nicaud
keywords: Biolipid production; Continuous culture; Crude glycerol; Molasses; Oleaginous yeast; Triglyceride; Yarrowia lipolytica