title: No Clear Association between Impaired Short-Term or Working Memory Storage and Time Reproduction Capacity in Adult ADHD Patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Altered time reproduction is exhibited by patients with adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It remains unclear whether memory capacity influences the ability of adults with ADHD to reproduce time intervals.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a behavioral study on 30 ADHD patients who were medicated with methylphenidate, 29 unmedicated adult ADHD patients and 32 healthy controls (HCs). We assessed time reproduction using six time intervals (1 s, 4 s, 6 s, 10 s, 24 s and 60 s) and assessed memory performance using the Wechsler memory scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients with ADHD exhibited lower memory performance scores than the HCs. No significant differences in the raw scores for any of the time intervals (p > .05), with the exception of the variability at the short time intervals (1 s, 4 s and 6 s) (p < .01), were found between the groups. The overall analyses failed to reveal any significant correlations between time reproduction at any of the time intervals examined in the time reproduction task and working memory performance (p > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We detected no findings indicating that working memory might influence time reproduction in adult patients with ADHD. Therefore, further studies concerning time reproduction and memory capacity among adult patients with ADHD must be performed to verify and replicate the present findings.
authors.affiliation: LVR Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mette
authors.affiliation: LVR Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grabemann
authors.affiliation: LVR Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.affiliation: LVR Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Strunz
authors.affiliation: LVR Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Scherbaum
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wiltfang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D008875:Middle Aged