title: Metacognitive therapy (MCT+) in patients with psychosis not receiving antipsychotic medication: A case study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psychotherapies for psychosis typically aim to develop an awareness of the implausible content of a delusion or target the underlying cognitive biases (i.e., problematic thinking styles, such as hasty decisions and illusory control) that foster and maintain delusional beliefs. A recently designed individual-based treatment entitled metacognitive therapy (MCT+) combines these two approaches. Emerging evidence suggests individualized MCT+, when used concurrently with antipsychotic medication, may be an effective psychological treatment for reducing delusional symptoms. However, it remains to be tested whether MCT+ can be effective in patients with active delusions who are not currently receiving psychotropic drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present two cases (one patient with schizophrenia and the other with delusional disorder) experiencing active delusions who underwent 4-weeks of intensive MCT+, without concurrent antipsychotic medication (minimum 6-months unmedicated). Baseline and 6-week follow-up data are presented on a variety of measures assessing delusion symptom severity (i.e., PANSS, PSYRATS, SAPS), clinical insight, and cognitive bias propensity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 4-weeks of MCT+, both patients showed substantial reduction in delusional symptoms, reported improved clinical insight, and were less prone to making illusory correlations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presented case studies provide preliminary evidence for the feasibility of MCT+ in treating patients not taking, or resistant to, antipsychotic medication.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Flinders University Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Ryan P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Balzan
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Cherrie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galletly
keywords: CBT; cognitive bias; delusions; psychotherapy; schizophrenia