title: The ectomycorrhizal community of conifer stands on peat soils 12 years after fertilization with wood ash.
abstract: We studied long-term effects of fertilization with wood ash on biomass, vitality and mycorrhizal colonization of fine roots in three conifer forest stands growing in Vacciniosa turf. mel. (V), Myrtillosa turf. mel. (M) and Myrtillosa turf. mel./Caricoso-phragmitosa (MC) forest types on peat soils. Fertilization trials amounting 5 kg/m(2) of wood ash were established 12 years prior to this study. A total of 63 soil samples with roots were collected and analysed. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi in roots were identified by morphotyping and sequencing of the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. In all forest types, fine root biomass was higher in fertilized plots than in control plots. In M forest type, proportion of living fine roots was greater in fertilized plots than in control plots, while in V and MC, the result was opposite. Fifty ECM species were identified, of which eight were common to both fertilized and control plots. Species richness and Shannon diversity index were generally higher in fertilized plots than in control plots. The most common species in fertilized plots were Amphinema byssoides (17.8%) and Tuber cf. anniae (12.2%), while in control plots, it was Tylospora asterophora (18.5%) and Lactarius tabidus (20.3%). Our results showed that forest fertilization with wood ash has long-lasting effect on diversity and composition of ECM fungal communities.
authors.affiliation: Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava", Rigas 111, Salaspils, LV-2169, Latvia. darta.klavina@silava.lv.
authors.forename: Darta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Klavina
authors.affiliation: Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Vantaa Research Centre, Jokiniemenkuja 1, FI-01370, Vantaa, Finland.
authors.forename: Taina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pennanen
authors.affiliation: Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava", Rigas 111, Salaspils, LV-2169, Latvia.
authors.forename: Talis
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gaitnieks
authors.affiliation: Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Vantaa Research Centre, Jokiniemenkuja 1, FI-01370, Vantaa, Finland.
authors.forename: Sannakajsa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Velmala
authors.affiliation: Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava", Rigas 111, Salaspils, LV-2169, Latvia.
authors.forename: Andis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lazdins
authors.affiliation: Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava", Rigas 111, Salaspils, LV-2169, Latvia.
authors.forename: Dagnija
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lazdina
authors.affiliation: Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7026, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Audrius
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Menkis
mesh_terms: D058448:Biota; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D064028:Tracheophyta / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer
keywords: Ectomycorrhizal fungi; Fine root; Forest fertilization; Norway spruce; Organic soils; Scots pine