title: Molecular Pathogenesis of Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis.
abstract: Anti-NMDAR encephalitis is a recently identified autoimmune disease, described by an immune-mediated loss of NMDA glutamate receptors, resulting in progressive mental deterioration. To date, literature on anti-NMDAR encephalitis has been largely clinically oriented, including descriptions of the clinical presentation and course, diagnostic methods, and potential clinical treatments. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to the complex immunological cellular transformation that is associated with the progression of anti-NMDAR encephalitis remain to be adequately explored. This review will provide a summary of the current literature on anti-NMDAR encephalitis, including the immunologic molecular mechanisms contributing to disease progression. In particular this review will focus on the effect of anti-NMDAR on GluN2-NMDAR expression and the molecular transformation of B and T leukocytes in the loss of self-tolerance. Further research on the immunologic mechanisms contributing to anti-NMDAR encephalitis may provide an avenue for future novel diagnostic approaches, such as immunologic surveillance, as well as new therapeutic strategies for this recently identified autoimmune disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China.
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jian
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Creed M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Stary
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China ; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060426:Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D015551:Autoimmunity; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007167:Immunotherapy; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000737:chemistry; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate