title: Investigation of the reactivation kinetics of a large series of bispyridinium oximes with organophosphate-inhibited human acetylcholinesterase.
abstract: The limited effectiveness of the established oximes obidoxime and pralidoxime resulted in ongoing research on novel oximes for the reactivation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibited by organophosphorus compounds (OP). In order to get more insight into the ability of bispyridinium oximes to reactivate human AChE inhibited by structurally different OP the reactivation kinetics of 31 compounds was determined with tabun-, cyclosarin- and paraoxon-inhibited AChE under identical experimental conditions. The determined affinity (KD), reactivity (kr) and hybrid reactivation rate constants (kr2) enabled theoretical calculations and gave insight into distinct structural features which are important for the reactivation of AChE inhibited by different OP. Several oximes with superior reactivating potency towards selective OP-AChE conjugates were identified but none of the tested oximes can be considered as a broad spectrum reactivator. In the end, the data of this and previous studies gives rise to the question whether further modifications of the bispyridinium structure could ever result in a universal reactivator or whether future research should be directed to different templates.
authors.affiliation: Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.affiliation: Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wille
authors.affiliation: University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Musilek
authors.affiliation: University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Center, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuca
authors.affiliation: Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Horst
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thiermann
authors.affiliation: Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany. Electronic address: franzworek@bundeswehr.org.
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Worek
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000633:toxicity; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D010091:Oximes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010261:Paraoxon / Q000633:toxicity; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D010755:Organophosphates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010091:Oximes; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; C548244:ACHE protein, human; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D010261:Paraoxon; C009374:tabun; C053914:cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate
keywords: Acetylcholinesterase; Kinetics; Organophosphorus compounds; Oxime; Reactivation