title: Feasibility and results of a case study of yoga to improve physical functioning in people with chronic traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this mixed-methods case study was to investigate whether an 8-week 1:1 yoga program was feasible and beneficial to people with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a mixed-methods case study of one-to-one yoga for people with TBI included three people. We completed assessments before and after the 8-week yoga intervention and included measures of balance, balance confidence, pain, range of motion, strength and mobility. Qualitative interviews were included at the post-assessment. We include a percent change calculation and salient quotes that represent the perceived impact of the yoga intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All participants completed the yoga intervention and all demonstrated improvements in physical outcome measures. For the group, balance increased by 36%, balance confidence by 39%, lower extremity strength by 100% and endurance by 105%. Qualitative data support the use of yoga to improve multiple aspects of physical functioning, one participant stated: "I mean it's rocked my world. It's changed my life. I mean all the different aspects. I mean physically, emotionally, mentally, it's given me you know my life back…".
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Yoga, delivered in a one-to-one setting, appears to be feasible and beneficial to people with chronic TBI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to many aspects of physical functioning impairment. Yoga delivered in a one-to-one setting may be feasible and beneficial for people with chronic TBI.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Occupational Therapy , College of Health and Human Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins , CO , USA .
authors.forename: Arlene A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.affiliation: b Department of Physical Therapy , Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences , Indianapolis , IN , USA .|c Health Services Research and Development (HSR&D), Center on Implementing Evidence-Based Practice, Roudebush Veterans Administration (VA) Medical Center , Indianapolis , IN , USA .
authors.forename: Kristine K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: d Department of Parks , Recreation and Tourism Management, College of Health and Human Development, Clemson University , Clemson , SC , USA , and.
authors.forename: Marieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van Puymbroeck
authors.affiliation: e Heartland Yoga Therapy , Indianapolis , IN , USA.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schalk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020208:Brain Injury, Chronic / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012649:Self Concept; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D015013:Yoga / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Balance; traumatic brain injury; yoga