title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ Pro12Ala polymorphism decrease the risk of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes: a meta analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association between peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) Pro12Ala polymorphism and T2DN risk is inconclusive and contradictory. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  All relevant studies were searched by using the PubMed and EMBASE. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Effect model selection was on the basis of heterogeneity test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 20 case-control studies with 9357 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. We found that PPARγ Pro12Ala polymorphism significantly associated with decreased T2DN risk (OR = 0.74; 95% CI 0.59-0.94; P = 0.01). In the subgroup analysis by race, Caucasian with PPARγ Pro12Ala polymorphism showed decreased T2DN risk (OR = 0.63; 95% CI 0.46-0.88; P = 0.006). But Asian with PPARγ Pro12Ala polymorphism did not show decreased T2DN risk (OR = 0.87; 95% CI 0.62-1.22; P = 0.41).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, our meta-analysis study confirmed that PPARγ Pro12Ala polymorphism might contribute to the risk for T2DN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Jiarong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433, China ; Department of Nephrology, The 411th Hospital of PLA Shanghai, 200052, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Xiaobin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Yangyang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The 411th Hospital of PLA Shanghai, 200052, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guo
keywords: Diabetic nephropathy; peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ; polymorphism