title: Two Realistic Beagle Models for Dose Assessment.
abstract: Previously, the authors developed a series of eight realistic digital mouse and rat whole body phantoms based on NURBS technology to facilitate internal and external dose calculations in various species of rodents. In this paper, two body phantoms of adult beagles are described based on voxel images converted to NURBS models. Specific absorbed fractions for activity in 24 organs are presented in these models. CT images were acquired of an adult male and female beagle. The images were segmented, and the organs and structures were modeled using NURBS surfaces and polygon meshes. Each model was voxelized at a resolution of 0.75 × 0.75 × 2 mm. The voxel versions were implemented in GEANT4 radiation transport codes to calculate specific absorbed fractions (SAFs) using internal photon and electron sources. Photon and electron SAFs were then calculated for relevant organs in both models. The SAFs for photons and electrons were compatible with results observed by others. Absorbed fractions for electrons for organ self-irradiation were significantly less than 1.0 at energies above 0.5 MeV, as expected for many of these small-sized organs, and measurable cross irradiation was observed for many organ pairs for high-energy electrons (as would be emitted by nuclides like 32P, 90Y, or 188Re). The SAFs were used with standardized decay data to develop dose factors (DFs) for radiation dose calculations using the RADAR Method. These two new realistic models of male and female beagle dogs will be useful in radiation dosimetry calculations for external or internal simulated sources.
authors.affiliation: *Vanderbilt University, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN; †Carl E. Ravin Advanced Imaging Laboratories, Duke University Medical Center, 2424 Erwin Road (Hock Plaza), Suite 302, Durham, NC; ‡Center for Countermeasures Against Radiation, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Stabin
authors.forename: Susan D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kost
authors.forename: William P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Segars
authors.forename: Raymond A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Guilmette
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D023421:Models, Animal; D009929:Organ Size; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D051381:Rats