title: Alcohol Sales to Youth: Data from Rural Communities Within the Cherokee Nation.
abstract: Access to alcohol among individuals under 21 years of age continues to be a public health concern with approximately 5000 youth deaths attributable to alcohol each year (US Department of Health and Human Services 2007). To date, there is no research on youth access to alcohol from commercial sources within rural communities with large populations of Native American families. We evaluated commercial access to alcohol by underage-appearing female confederates in 4 rural towns within the Cherokee Nation, a non-reservation tribal jurisdiction that includes a high proportion of Native Americans embedded within a predominately White population. Alcohol purchase attempts were conducted approximately every 4 weeks on 10 occasions for a total of 997 alcohol purchase attempts. In addition to purchase attempt outcome, we collected data on characteristics of the outlets and clerks. Alcohol was sold to confederates without use of age identification on 23 % of all purchase attempts. Across repeated attempts, 76 % of outlets sold alcohol to a confederate at least once. Males and younger clerks were more likely to sell alcohol to the confederates. Grocery stores and gas stations were more likely to sell alcohol to the confederate than liquor stores, but this effect was no longer significant once seller age was accounted for in a multivariable model. Three out of 4 outlets sold alcohol to young-appearing buyers at least once across repeated attempts. Results reinforce the continuing need for regular enforcement of laws against selling alcohol to minors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, College of Medicine and Institute for Child Health Policy, Gainesville, FL, USA. sarah.landsman@ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Sarah D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lynne-Landsman
authors.affiliation: Cherokee Nation Behavioral Health, Tahlequah, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Terrence K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Kominsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Melvin D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Livingston
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, College of Medicine and Institute for Child Health Policy, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Wagenaar
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, College of Medicine and Institute for Child Health Policy, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Kelli A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Komro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D003132:Commerce; D000431:Ethanol; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D008297:Male; D012424:Rural Population
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Adolescents; Alcohol; Compliance checks; Native Americans; Purchase attempts; Underage drinking