title: Spiranthes sinensis Suppresses Production of Pro-Inflammatory Mediators by Down-Regulating the NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Up-Regulating HO-1/Nrf2 Anti-Oxidant Protein.
abstract: Spiranthes sinensis is an east Asian wild orchid used in Chinese folk medicine. In this study, an ethyl acetate fraction from S. sinensis(SSE) was found to suppress the production of LPS-stimulated inflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 cells and BALB/c mice. SSE inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumo necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-1β, and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. SSE also significantly suppressed LPS-stimulated protein levels of iNOS and mPGES-1 by blocking IκB phosphorylation, NF-κB nuclear translocation, and MAPKs phosphorylation. In addition, SSE treatment also enhanced protein levels of HO-1 and anti-oxidant enzymes (SOD-1, CAT, and GPx-1) through the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In vivo, we demonstrated that SSE attenuated the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), ALT, and AST in the serum of LPS-stimulated BALB/c mice. Western blotting revealed that SSE enhanced HO-1 expression in lung and liver tissue after LPS injection in mice. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of SSE involve the suppression of iNOS, mPGES-1, and inflammatory mediators by inducing the HO-1 pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and BALB/c mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pei-Hsin
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Shie
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shyh-Shyun
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jeng-Shyan
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Guan-Jhong
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D029595:Orchidaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D000071876:Prostaglandin-E Synthases; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D016328:NF-kappa B; C495636:Nfe2l2 protein, mouse; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; C496542:Hmox1 protein, mouse; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; D000071876:Prostaglandin-E Synthases; C000605865:Ptges protein, mouse; D015232:Dinoprostone
keywords: Anti-Inflammatory Activity; Chinese Medicine; HO-1; NO