title: Cytocam-IDF (incident dark field illumination) imaging for bedside monitoring of the microcirculation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Orthogonal polarized spectral (OPS) and sidestream dark field (SDF) imaging video microscope devices were introduced for observation of the microcirculation but, due to technical limitations, have remained as research tools. Recently, a novel handheld microscope based on incident dark field illumination (IDF) has been introduced for clinical use. The Cytocam-IDF imaging device consists of a pen-like probe incorporating IDF illumination with a set of high-resolution lenses projecting images on to a computer controlled image sensor synchronized with very short pulsed illumination light. This study was performed to validate Cytocam-IDF imaging by comparison to SDF imaging in volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a prospective, observational study. The subjects consist of 25 volunteers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sublingual microcirculation was evaluated using both techniques. The main result was that Cytocam-IDF imaging provided better quality images and was able to detect 30% more capillaries than SDF imaging (total vessels density Cytocam-IDF: 21.60 ± 4.30 mm/mm(2) vs SDF: 16.35 ± 2.78 mm/mm(2), p < 0.0001). Comparison of the images showed increased contrast, sharpness, and image quality of both venules and capillaries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cytocam-IDF imaging detected more capillaries and provided better image quality than SDF imaging. It is concluded that Cytocam-IDF imaging may provide a new improved imaging modality for clinical assessment of microcirculatory alterations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Rotterdam, 3015, GE, The Netherlands, gucluaykut@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Guclu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aykut
authors.forename: Gerke
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Veenstra
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scorcella
authors.forename: Can
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ince
authors.forename: Christiaan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boerma