title: Concentrating carbohydrates before sleep improves feeding regulation and metabolic and inflammatory parameters in mice.
abstract: New evidance highlights the importance of food timing. Recently, we showed that a low-calorie diet with carbohydrates eaten mostly at dinner changed diurnal hormone secretion and led to greater weight loss and improved metabolic status in obese people. Herein, we set out to test whether concentrated-carbohydrates diet (CCD), in which carbohydrates are fed only before sleep, leads to an improved metabolic status in mouse hypothalamus and peripheral tissues. Diet-induced obese mice were given concentrated or distributed carbohydrate diet for 6 weeks. Obese mice fed CCD ate 8.3% less, were 9.3% leaner and had 39.7% less fat mass. Leptin, ghrelin and adiponectin displayed altered secretion. In addition, these mice exhibited an improved biochemical and inflammatory status. In the hypothalamus, anorexigenic signals were up-regulated and orexigenic signals were down-regulated. In peripheral tissues, CCD promoted adiponectin signaling, repressed gluconeogenesis, enhanced lipid oxidation and lowered inflammation, thus ameliorating the major risk factors of obesity.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Meuhedet Medical Services, Diet and Nutrition Department, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Sigal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sofer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eliraz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel. Electronic address: zecharia.madar@mail.huji.ac.il.
authors.forename: Zecharia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Madar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel. Electronic address: oren.froy@mail.huji.ac.il.
authors.forename: Oren
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Froy
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001069:Appetite Regulation; D001835:Body Weight; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000378:metabolism; D005943:Gluconeogenesis; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D012890:Sleep
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D054439:Ghrelin; D020738:Leptin
keywords: Adiponectin; Feeding behavior; Food timing; Ghrelin; Leptin; Metabolic syndrome