title: Periodontal Disease: A Possible Risk-Factor for Adverse Pregnancy Outcome.
abstract: Bacterial invasion in subgingival sites especially of gram-negative organisms are initiators for periodontal diseases. The periodontal pathogens with persistent inflammation lead to destruction of periodontium. In recent years, periodontal diseases have been associated with a number of systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular-disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic respiratory diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes including pre-term low-birth weight (PLBW) and pre-eclampsia. The factors like low socio-economic status, mother's age, race, multiple births, tobacco and drug-abuse may be found to increase risk of adverse pregnancy outcome. However, the same are less correlated with PLBW cases. Even the invasion of both aerobic and anerobic may lead to inflammation of gastrointestinal tract and vagina hence contributing to PLBW. The biological mechanism involved between PLBW and Maternal periodontitis is the translocation of chemical mediators of inflammation. Pre-eclampsia is one of the commonest cause of both maternal and fetal morbidity as it is characterized by hypertension and hyperprotenuria. Improving periodontal health before or during pregnancy may prevent or reduce the occurrences of these adverse pregnancy outcomes and, therefore, reduce the maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Hence, this article is an attempt to review the relationship between periodontal condition and altered pregnancy outcome.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Student, Department of Periodontology, People's College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Anuj Singh
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Parihar
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Student, Department of Periodontology, People's College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Vartika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Katoch
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Student, Department of Periodontology, MGM Dental College and Hospital Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Sneha A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rajguru
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Sciences, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Nami
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rajpoot
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Pinojj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Periodontology, People's College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sonal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wakhle
keywords: Adverse pregnancy outcome; periodontal disease; pre-eclampsia; pre-term low-birth weight; pregnancy