title: Development of an Instrument to Measure Civil and Uncivil Behaviors in the Hospital Clinical Environment: Implications for Nurse Leaders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable instrument to measure nursing students' (NSs') perceptions of civil and uncivil behaviors displayed by direct care nurses in the hospital clinical environment.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Incivility in nursing has been well documented. However, little is known about perceptions of incivility by NSs in the hospital clinical environment and its effects on NSs' transition to professional practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 13-item instrument was developed using literature, faculty feedback, and a semistructured focus group. The instrument was administered to convenience samples of NSs at a Midwest, Magnet-designated pediatric hospital (N = 496).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings indicated high reliability and validity of the instrument, with a Cronbach's α of .930.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has produced a valid and reliable survey instrument to measure the perception of civil and noncivil behaviors on the part of clinical nurses as rated by NSs in hospital clinical settings. The use of this instrument will be beneficial to nurse executives in measuring these perceptions in their clinical settings.
authors.affiliation: Author Affiliations: Nursing School Clinical Manager (Ms Tecza), Clinical Instructor (Mss Boots, Clay, and Mains), Research Advisor/Data Analyst (Ms Olney), Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri; Clinical Nurse Educator (Ms Kirkman), Baton Rouge General Health System, Louisiana; Assistant Professor (Ms Newton), Undergraduate Faculty, Research College of Nursing, Kansas City; Director of Evidence Based Practice (Dr Bartlett), Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri.
authors.forename: Bonnie M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Tecza
authors.forename: Brenda K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Boots
authors.forename: Patricia M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Clay
authors.forename: Kendra S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kirkman
authors.forename: Brandi C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Mains
authors.forename: Erin E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: Adrienne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olney
authors.forename: Jacqueline A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bartlett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003617:Dangerous Behavior; D004508:Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006379:Helping Behavior; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015146:Midwestern United States; D009718:Nurse Administrators; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012938:Social Perception; D013338:Students, Nursing; D055815:Young Adult