title: Exposure to cooking fuels and birth weight in Lanzhou, China: a birth cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early studies have suggested that biomass cooking fuels were associated with increased risk of low birth weight (LBW). However it is unclear if this reduced birth weight was due to prematurity or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to understand the relationship between various cooking fuels and risk of LBW and small for gestational age (SGA), we analyzed data from a birth cohort study conducted in Lanzhou, China which included 9,895 singleton live births.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to mothers using gas as cooking fuel, significant reductions in birth weight were observed for mothers using coal (weight difference = 73.31 g, 95 % CI: 26.86, 119.77) and biomass (weight difference = 87.84 g, 95 % CI: 10.76, 164.46). Using biomass as cooking fuel was associated with more than two-fold increased risk of LBW (OR = 2.51, 95 % CI: 1.26, 5.01), and the risk was mainly seen among preterm births (OR = 3.43, 95 % CI: 1.21, 9.74). No significant associations with LBW were observed among mothers using coal or electromagnetic stoves for cooking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that exposure to biomass during pregnancy is associated with risk of LBW, and the effect of biomass on LBW may be primarily due to prematurity rather than IUGR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, 17 People's South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. athene.jiang@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Min
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authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, 143 North Road Qilihe District, 730050, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. qioujie@21cn.com.
authors.forename: Jie
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authors.affiliation: Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, 143 North Road Qilihe District, 730050, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. qhz66383399@sina.com.
authors.forename: Min
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authors.affiliation: Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, 143 North Road Qilihe District, 730050, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. LZxiaochunhe@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiaochun
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authors.affiliation: Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, 143 North Road Qilihe District, 730050, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. 369678469@qq.com.
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authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA. catherine.lerro@yale.edu.
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authors.lastname: Lerro
authors.affiliation: Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, 143 North Road Qilihe District, 730050, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. 1358638351@qq.com.
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authors.affiliation: Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, 143 North Road Qilihe District, 730050, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. jxlinmail@163.com.
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authors.affiliation: Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, 143 North Road Qilihe District, 730050, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. zhch1972@163.com.
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authors.affiliation: Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, 143 North Road Qilihe District, 730050, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. 64276995@qq.com.
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authors.affiliation: Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, 143 North Road Qilihe District, 730050, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. xrf730130@163.com.
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authors.affiliation: Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, 143 North Road Qilihe District, 730050, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. zdlldz@126.com.
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authors.affiliation: Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, 143 North Road Qilihe District, 730050, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. 34370100@qq.com.
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authors.affiliation: Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, 143 North Road Qilihe District, 730050, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. hxd809904@126.com.
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authors.affiliation: Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, 143 North Road Qilihe District, 730050, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. zhanghrfred@163.com.
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authors.affiliation: Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, 143 North Road Qilihe District, 730050, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. 17993902@qq.com.
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authors.affiliation: Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, 143 North Road Qilihe District, 730050, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. cty704@163.com.
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authors.affiliation: Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, 143 North Road Qilihe District, 730050, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. tzf3325@gmail.com.
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authors.affiliation: Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, 143 North Road Qilihe District, 730050, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. 1632624248@qq.com.
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authors.affiliation: Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, 143 North Road Qilihe District, 730050, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. bjbqwt@qq.com.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, 17 People's South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. cairong.zhu@hotmail.com.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA. h.huang@yale.edu.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, 17 People's South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. lixiaosong1101@126.com.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA. yawei.zhang@yale.edu.
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mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018533:Biomass; D001724:Birth Weight; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003031:Coal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003296:Cooking / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D060733:Electromagnetic Radiation; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D059206:Natural Gas / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003031:Coal; D059206:Natural Gas