title: The influence of left ventricular geometry on left atrial phasic function in hypertensive patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to investigate left atrial (LA) phasic function in hypertensive patients with different geometric patterns using two-dimensional (2DE) and three-dimensional (3DE) echocardiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study included 213 hypertensive subjects who underwent a complete 2DE and 3DE examination. The new updated criteria for left ventricular (LV) geometry, which consider LV mass index, LV end-diastolic diameter and relative wall thickness, were applied. According to this classification, the subjects were divided into six groups: normal geometry, concentric remodeling, eccentric non-dilated left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), concentric LVH, dilated LVH and concentric-dilated LVH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  2DE and 3DE LA volumes gradually increased from normal LV geometry to concentric and concentric-dilated LVH. LA reservoir and conduit functions, estimated by 2DE and 3DE LA total and passive emptying fractions, were decreased in subjects with concentric and concentric-dilated LVH. LA booster pump function was increased in patients with concentric, dilated and concentric-dilated LVH compared to subjects with normal LV geometry. The same results regarding LA phasic function were provided by 2DE strain analysis. Concentric, dilated and non-concentric dilated LVH were associated with LA enlargement independently of main demographic and clinical features.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LV geometric patterns significantly influence LA phasic function. Concentric and dilated LVH patterns have the most prominent negative effect on LA enlargement assessed by both 2DE and 3DE.
authors.affiliation: a Cardiology Department, University Clinical Hospital Center "Dr. Dragisa Misovic - Dedinje" , Belgrade , Serbia.|b Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Marijana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tadic
authors.affiliation: c Clinical Research Unit, University of Milan-Bicocca and Istituto Auxologico Italiano , Meda , Italy.
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cuspidi
authors.affiliation: a Cardiology Department, University Clinical Hospital Center "Dr. Dragisa Misovic - Dedinje" , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Biljana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pencic
authors.affiliation: a Cardiology Department, University Clinical Hospital Center "Dr. Dragisa Misovic - Dedinje" , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kocijancic
authors.affiliation: a Cardiology Department, University Clinical Hospital Center "Dr. Dragisa Misovic - Dedinje" , Belgrade , Serbia.|b Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Celic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016279:Atrial Function, Left; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
keywords: Hypertension; left atrium; left ventricular geometry; three-dimensional echocardiography; two-dimensional speckle tracking