title: Formulation and evaluation of cefuroxim loaded submicron particles for ophthalmic delivery.
abstract: Chitosan gelatin particles could be the ideal candidate for intraocular drug delivery due to their desirable properties. Double crosslinking in double emulsion has been used as an original and reliable method for particles preparation and their morphology has been optimized considering the main synthesis parameters such as polymers ratio, crosslinker amount, stirring speed, tensioactive amount and ionic crosslinking time, respectively. The particles have been analyzed for their physical-chemical properties (swelling degree, drug loading and release capacity, surface characteristics, etc.), the enzymatic degradation properties along with in vivo ocular investigations (ocular biodistribution, in vivo drug release). In the present study cefuroxim was used as a model drug, which is generally used in the prophylaxis of postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery after intraocular administration. The present study proved that the dimensions and the physical-chemical properties of the particles can be modulated (by varying the preparation parameters) to facilitate the administration, the biodistribution and the drug release in the specific segment of the eye. This experimental study demonstrated also the ability of fluorescent nanoparticles to penetrate ocular tissues close to the administration site (intravitreal injection) and especially their tendency to migrate deep in the retina at time intervals of 72 h.
authors.affiliation: Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Prof. dr. docent Dimitrie Mangeron street, Iasi 73, Romania.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Andrei
authors.affiliation: Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Prof. dr. docent Dimitrie Mangeron street, Iasi 73, Romania. Electronic address: catipeptu@tuiasi.ro.
authors.forename: Cătălina A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Peptu
authors.affiliation: Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Prof. dr. docent Dimitrie Mangeron street, Iasi 73, Romania.
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Popa
authors.affiliation: Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, IPREM, Hélioparc Pau Pyrénées, 2 Avenue P. Angot, Pau Cedex 09,64053 France.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Desbrieres
authors.affiliation: "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41A, Iasi 700487, Romania.
authors.forename: Cristian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peptu
authors.affiliation: "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Str., Iaşi 16, Romania.
authors.forename: Fotios
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gardikiotis
authors.affiliation: "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Str., Iaşi 16, Romania.
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Costuleanu
authors.affiliation: "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Str., Iaşi 16, Romania.
authors.forename: Dănut
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Costin
authors.affiliation: Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, IPREM, Hélioparc Pau Pyrénées, 2 Avenue P. Angot, Pau Cedex 09,64053 France.
authors.forename: Jean Charles
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Dupin
authors.affiliation: Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, IPREM, Hélioparc Pau Pyrénées, 2 Avenue P. Angot, Pau Cedex 09,64053 France.
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uhart
authors.affiliation: "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Str., Iaşi 16, Romania.
authors.forename: Bogdan I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Tamba
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002444:Cefuroxime / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004655:Emulsions; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004655:Emulsions; D048271:Chitosan; D002444:Cefuroxime
keywords: Cefuroxim; Chitosan; Drug delivery; Gelatin; Micro and nanoparticles; Ophthalmology