title: A comparison of plasma and prostate lycopene in response to typical servings of tomato soup, sauce or juice in men before prostatectomy.
abstract: Tomato product consumption and estimated lycopene intake are hypothesised to reduce the risk of prostate cancer. To define the impact of typical servings of commercially available tomato products on resultant plasma and prostate lycopene concentrations, men scheduled to undergo prostatectomy (n 33) were randomised either to a lycopene-restricted control group ( < 5 mg lycopene/d) or to a tomato soup (2-2¾ cups prepared/d), tomato sauce (142-198 g/d or 5-7 ounces/d) or vegetable juice (325-488 ml/d or 11-16·5 fluid ounces/d) intervention providing 25-35 mg lycopene/d. Plasma and prostate carotenoid concentrations were measured by HPLC. Tomato soup, sauce and juice consumption significantly increased plasma lycopene concentration from 0·68 (sem 0·1) to 1·13 (sem 0·09) μmol/l (66 %), 0·48 (sem 0·09) to 0·82 (sem 0·12) μmol/l (71 %) and 0·49 (sem 0·12) to 0·78 (sem 0·1) μmol/l (59 %), respectively, while the controls consuming the lycopene-restricted diet showed a decline in plasma lycopene concentration from 0·55 (sem 0·60) to 0·42 (sem 0·07) μmol/l ( - 24 %). The end-of-study prostate lycopene concentration was 0·16 (sem 0·02) nmol/g in the controls, but was 3·5-, 3·6- and 2·2-fold higher in tomato soup (P= 0·001), sauce (P= 0·001) and juice (P= 0·165) consumers, respectively. Prostate lycopene concentration was moderately correlated with post-intervention plasma lycopene concentrations (r 0·60, P =0·001), indicating that additional factors have an impact on tissue concentrations. While the primary geometric lycopene isomer in tomato products was all-trans (80-90 %), plasma and prostate isomers were 47 and 80 % cis, respectively, demonstrating a shift towards cis accumulation. Consumption of typical servings of processed tomato products results in differing plasma and prostate lycopene concentrations. Factors including meal composition and genetics deserve further evaluation to determine their impacts on lycopene absorption and biodistribution.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University,A456 Starling Loving Hall, 320 West 10th Avenue,Columbus,OH43210,USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Grainger
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology,College of Food, Agriculture, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University,Columbus,OH43210,USA.
authors.forename: Craig W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hadley
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University,Columbus,OH43210,USA.
authors.forename: Nancy E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University,Columbus,OH43210,USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Riedl
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology,College of Medicine, The Ohio State University,Columbus,OH43210,USA.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology,College of Medicine, The Ohio State University,Columbus,OH43210,USA.
authors.forename: Kamal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pohar
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University,Columbus,OH43210,USA.
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University,A456 Starling Loving Hall, 320 West 10th Avenue,Columbus,OH43210,USA.
authors.forename: Steven K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Clinton
mesh_terms: D002338:Carotenoids / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004032:Diet; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D000077276:Lycopene; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D010949:Plasma / Q000378:metabolism; D011467:Prostate / Q000378:metabolism*; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000601:surgery; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D028321:Plant Preparations; D002338:Carotenoids; D000077276:Lycopene
keywords: Lycopene; Lycopene isomers; Prostate cancer; Prostatectomy; Tomatoes