title: [Non-cardiac and non-pulmonary causes of dyspnea].
abstract: In addition to cardiac and pulmonary diseases there is a broad variety of different underlying causes of dyspnea. The spectrum includes the different forms of anemia, all causes of upper airway obstructions, neuromuscular diseases and psychopathological disorders. This article gives a brief review of the entire spectrum by providing information about differential diagnostics as well as the main therapeutic principles. A field of growing interest is dyspnea in the context of palliative care.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik 1, Uniklinikum Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Francke
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jabs
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Machetanz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pabst
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Schellong
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods