title: Elevated expressions of myeloid-related proteins-8 and -14 are danger biomarkers for lupus nephritis.
abstract: Myeloid-related proteins, MRP-8 and -14, which have been identified as molecules that mediate the danger signaling in innate immune response, are also known as the DAMPs (damage associated molecular pattern molecules). The proteins were found in infiltrating macrophages and neutrophils at inflammatory sites. Their expression was correlated with severe forms of glomerulonephritis. Therefore, this study examined whether or not MRP-8 and -14 can be used as biomarkers for identifying severely active lupus nephritis (LN). Total blood leukocyte samples and renal biopsy tissues from a prospective cohort of LN patients were used to determine mRNA and protein expression levels of MRP-8 and -14. The mRNA levels of MRP-8 and -14 in total blood leukocytes were significantly higher in active LN patients than quiescent LN patients and healthy controls. Moreover, the mRNA levels of MRP-8 and -14 in the total blood leukocytes and kidney tissues were significantly correlated with therapeutic response and the mRNA expression levels in the kidney were associated with an early loss of the kidney function. MRP-8 and -14 can be used as non-invasive prognostic biomarkers in patients with LN.
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Department of Oral Microbiology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tantivitayakul
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Biomedical Science, Interdisciplinary Program, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Benjachat
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Somparn
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leelahavanichkul
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kittikovit
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hirankarn
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pisitkun
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Yingyos.a@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Avihingsanon
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001706:Biopsy; D040502:Calgranulin B / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000097:blood; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C435500:ABCC11 protein, human; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D015415:Biomarkers; D040502:Calgranulin B; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: Myeloid-related protein; S100; biomarker; innate immunity; lupus nephritis