title: Effect of paternal age on reproductive outcomes in oocyte donation model: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To perform a meta-analysis of the literature examining the influence of paternal age on oocyte donation outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review of the literature with no language or time restrictions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnancy and live-birth rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By independent screening of titles and abstracts, two investigators selected original studies examining the influence of paternal age on oocyte donation outcomes. Twelve articles were included, encompassing a total of 12,538 oocyte-donation cases. No statistically significant correlation was found by most studies between advanced paternal age and the rate of fertilization, cleavage embryo development, implantation, pregnancy, miscarriage, or live birth. A statistically significant decrease in blastocyst embryo formation was suggested in two articles. Except for volume and possibly motility, other sperm characteristics such as concentration and morphology did not alter with age. However, the overall quality of the evidence was rated as very low according to Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The available evidence suggests that advancing paternal age is not associated with adverse oocyte donation outcomes, including pregnancy and live-birth rates. However, the suboptimal quality of the available evidence necessitates high-quality, well-adjusted prospective trials that are also aimed at evaluating additional outcomes such as congenital anomalies and various specific long-term disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; Genetics Institute, HaEmek Medical Center, Afula, Israel. Electronic address: lena2303@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sagi-Dain
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Shlomi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dirnfeld
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050498:Live Birth / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D018587:Oocyte Donation; D010331:Paternal Age; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology*; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Live birth; oocyte donation; paternal age; pregnancy rates