title: Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament in skeletally immature patients: an individualized approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to evaluate a series of skeletally immature patients who underwent three surgical techniques for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction according to each patient's growth potential.
  
  
  METHODS
  a series of 23 skeletally immature patients who underwent ACL reconstruction surgery at ages ranging from 7 to 15 years was evaluated prospectively. The surgical technique was individualized according to the Tanner sexual maturity score. The surgical techniques used were transphyseal reconstruction, partial transphyseal reconstruction and extraphyseal reconstruction. Four patients underwent the extraphyseal technique, seven the partial transphyseal technique and twelve the full transphyseal technique, on the ACL. The postoperative evaluation was based on the Lysholm score, clinical analysis on the knee and the presence of angular deformity or dysmetria of the lower limb.
  
  
  RESULTS
  the mean Lysholm score was 96.34 (±2.53). None of the patients presented differences in length and/or clinical or radiographic misalignment abnormality of the lower limbs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ACL reconstruction using flexor tendon grafts in skeletally immature patients provided satisfactory functional results. Use of individualized surgical techniques according to growth potential did not give rise to physeal lesions capable of causing length discrepancies or misalignments of the lower limbs, even in patients with high growth potential.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Osmar Valadão
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Lopes Júnior
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Renato
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Saggin
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Matos do Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saggin
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: André Manoel
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Inácio
keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament; Orthopedic procedures; Reconstruction