title: Comparison between direct vs indirect anchorage in two miniscrew-supported distalizing devices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare two distalizing devices supported by palatal miniscrews, the MGBM System (MGBM) and the Distal Screw appliance (DS), in dental Class II patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pretreatment (T1) and postdistalization (T2) lateral cephalograms of 53 Class II malocclusion subjects were examined. MGBM consisted of 29 patients (16 males, 13 females) with a mean pretreatment age of 12.3 ± 1.5 years; DS consisted of 24 patients (11 males, 13 females) with a mean pretreatment age of 11.3 ± 1.2 years. The mean distalization time was 6 ± 2 months for MGBM and 9 ± 2 months for DS. Initial and final measurements and treatment changes were compared by means of a Student's t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maxillary superimpositions showed that the maxillary first molar distalized an average of 5.5 mm in the MGBM and 3.2 mm in the DS between T1 and T2; distal molar tipping was greater in the MGBM (10.3°) than in the DS (3.0°). First premolar showed a mean mesial movement of 1.4 mm, with a mesial tipping of 4.4° in the MGBM; on the contrary, first premolar showed a distal movement of 2.2 mm, with a distal tipping of 6.2°, in the DS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MGBM system resulted in greater distal molar movement and less treatment time, resulting in more efficient movement than was associated with the DS; DS showed less molar tipping during distalization.
authors.affiliation: a  Professor of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Cagliari, La Spezia, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cozzani
authors.affiliation: b  Research Fellow in Orthodontics, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Mattia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.affiliation: c  Visiting Professor, Post-Graduate Program in Orthodontics, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuliano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maino
authors.affiliation: d  Graduate in Orthodontics, Private Practice, Basso del Grappa, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maino
authors.affiliation: e  Graduate in Orthodontics, Private Practice, Macerata, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Palpacelli
authors.affiliation: f  Chairman, Post-Graduate Program in Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Surgical and Morphological Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caprioglio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy*; D008437:Maxilla; D008963:Molar; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques
keywords: Class II malocclusion; Intraoral distalizing appliances; Miniscrews; Molar distalization; Skeletal anchorage