title: Comparative in vitro SEM study of a novel root canal irrigant-MTAD and conventional root biomodifiers on periodontally involved human teeth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smear layer removal and collagen fiber exposure may improve regeneration which can be accomplished by use of root biomodifiers. These enhance the degree of connective tissue attachment to denuded roots. The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare novel root canal irrigant and other root biomodifiers for smear layer removal on periodontally involved human teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty human teeth were collected and stored in saline. After scaling and root planing, two samples were obtained from each tooth. Thus, a total of 80 dentin blocks were randomly divided into four groups: Mixture of tetracycline, acid and detergent (MTAD), tetracycline hydrochloride (TTC HCl), citric acid (CA), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The agents were applied for 3 min by active burnishing. Immediately following treatment, the specimens were rinsed, dehydrated, fixed and prepared for scanning electron microscope and were examined at × 3500 magnification. Sampaio's index was evaluated by the previously trained blind examiner using photomicrographs. Groups were compared using analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post-hoc test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mixture of tetracycline, acid, and detergent is most efficacious in removing the smear layer and showed statistically significant dentinal tubules opening, followed by EDTA, TTC HCl, and CA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mixture of tetracycline, acid and detergent and conventional root biomodifiers used in the study alters the dentin surface by smear layer removal and exposure of dentinal tubules. Hence, MTAD as a root biomodifier may have a significant role in periodontal regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Charu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tandon
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Govila
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Vandana Aditya
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Pant
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ajita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meenawat
keywords: Citric acid; MTAD; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; root biomodifier; scanning electron microscope study; tetracycline hydrochloride