title: Determination of carbohydrates in honey and milk by capillary electrophoresis in combination with graphene-cobalt microsphere hybrid paste electrodes.
abstract: A graphene-cobalt microsphere (CoMS) hybrid paste electrode was developed for the determination of carbohydrates in honey and milk in combination with capillary electrophoresis (CE). The performance of the electrodes was demonstrated by detecting mannitol, sucrose, lactose, glucose, and fructose after CE separation. The five analytes were well separated within 9 min in a 40 cm long capillary at a separation voltage of 12 kV. The electrodes exhibited pronounced electrocatalytic activity, lower detection potentials, enhanced signal-to-noise characteristics, and higher reproducibility. The relation between peak current and analyte concentration was linear over about three orders of magnitude. The proposed method had been employed to determine lactose in bovine milk and glucose and fructose in honey with satisfactory results. Because only electroactive substances in the samples could be detected on the paste electrode, the electropherograms of both food samples were simplified to some extent.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Peipei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Motao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Fisheries and Life Science, 999 Hucheng Ring Road, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
authors.forename: Peimin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Luyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China. Electronic address: gangchen@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002417:Cattle; D003035:Cobalt / Q000032:analysis*; D004566:Electrodes; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D006108:Graphite; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D003035:Cobalt; D006108:Graphite
keywords: Amperometric detection; Capillary electrophoresis; Carbohydrate; Cobalt microsphere; Graphene; Paste electrode