title: [Early human transplants: 60th anniversary of the first successful kidney transplants].
abstract: First kidney transplant attempts begin with the 20th century: improving vascular sutures, understanding the phenomena of rejection or tolerance, then progress in HLA groups enable early success in the second half of the century. Definition of brain death, use of corticosteroids, radiotherapy and prime immunosuppressors promote the development of transplants. Discover of cyclosporine in the 1980s, and legislative developments augur a new era. Many advances are arising: use of stem cells from the donor, enhancement of Maastricht 3 donor or living donation. Finally organ transplantation remains an immense human adventure, but also scientific and ethic.
authors.affiliation: Département d'anesthésie-réanimation, centre hospitalier privé Saint-Grégoire, 35760 Saint-Grégoire, France. Electronic address: marc.e.gentili@orange.fr.
authors.forename: Marc E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gentili
mesh_terms: D000846:Anniversaries and Special Events; D006084:Graft Rejection; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000266:history*; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement
keywords: Brain death; Chirurgie; Greffe d’organe; Immunity; Immunité; Kidney; Mort cérébrale; Organ transplant; Rein; Surgery