title: Nocturnal Intermittent Hypoxia Is Associated With Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Middle-Aged Men With Hypertension and Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy are considered to be closely associated. However, the relationship has not yet been fully demonstrated and is hence still controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess in hypertensive male patients the relationship between OSA and cardiac structure using a new index, namely, integrated area of desaturation (IAD), in addition to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) that is currently the most frequently used index of sleep-disordered breathing.
  
  
  METHODS
  In our cross-sectional study, 223 hypertensive men younger than 65 years with sleep apnea and normal cardiac function were enrolled. All subjects were evaluated by fully attended polysomnography. Cardiac structure and function were evaluated by echocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LV mass index significantly correlated with IAD (r = 0.203, P < 0.05), but not with AHI. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that IAD, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and age are independent variables affecting the LV mass index (β = 0.262, 0.237, and 0.173, respectively, P < 0.05). IAD was the one and only determinant among the indices of sleep-disordered breathing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nocturnal intermittent hypoxia defined by IAD may be associated with LV hypertrophy in men with well-controlled hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tasuku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan. takatamd@gb3.so-net.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takata
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryoko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Asanuma
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishihata
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kota
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiina
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamashina
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004452:Echocardiography; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain
keywords: blood pressure; hypertension; integrated area of desaturation; left ventricular hypertrophy; obstructive sleep apnea.