title: Genome plasticity in filamentous plant pathogens contributes to the emergence of novel effectors and their cellular processes in the host.
abstract: Plant diseases cause extensive yield loss of crops worldwide, and secretory 'warfare' occurs between plants and pathogenic organisms all the time. Filamentous plant pathogens have evolved the ability to manipulate host processes and facilitate colonization through secreting effectors inside plant cells. The stresses from hosts and environment can drive the genome dynamics of plant pathogens. Remarkable advances in plant pathology have been made owing to these adaptable genome regions of several lineages of filamentous phytopathogens. Characterization new effectors and interaction analyses between pathogens and plants have provided molecular insights into the plant pathways perturbed during the infection process. In this mini-review, we highlight promising approaches of identifying novel effectors based on the genome plasticity. We also discuss the interaction mechanisms between plants and their filamentous pathogens and outline the possibilities of effector gene expression under epigenetic control that will be future directions for research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, China.|Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Deng Zhou Road 38, Qingdao, 266021, China.
authors.forename: Yanhan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Zhongqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, China. zhgzhang@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhengguang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D005075:Biological Evolution; D060467:Disease Resistance; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005658:Fungi / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D018745:Genome, Plant; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*
keywords: Effectors; Filamentous phytopathogens; Genome plasticity; Interaction