title: Perceptions of Pre- to Postsurgical Profile Changes in Orthognathic Surgery Patients and Their Correlation with Photogrammetric Changes: A Panel Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to compare the pre- and postsurgical profile changes after surgical correction of prognathism and maxillary hypoplasia, as perceived by panels of orthodontists, maxillofacial surgeons, laypersons and patients and to identify photogrammetric changes that might be related to preferred ratings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each panel consisted of six males and six females who rated sets of pre- and postsurgical lateral photographs of 20 female and 20 male patients using a five-point scale. Patients rated their own set of photographs. Pre- to postsurgical differences of photogrammetrically assessed landmarks were recorded as a surgical change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences in ratings between panels and patients could be detected. Significant correlation coefficients (r) were obtained between the ratings of all panel groups and between the ratings and changes in facial convexity (r = 0.351-0.542). Correlations with changes of the mentolabial angle were found to be significant for old orthodontists, male laypersons, and male patients (r = 0.332-0.609). Ratings of female and young laypersons were correlated with the horizontal changes in the lower face (r = 0.324-0.379).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Information gathered from this study will support the cooperation of the medical staff and might assist in treatment planning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastische Operationen, Klinikum Bremen-Mitte, Medical School, University of Göttingen, 28177 Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Aynur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sari-Rieger
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastische Operationen, Klinikum Bremen-Mitte, Medical School, University of Göttingen, 28177 Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rustemeyer
keywords: Esthetics; Facial attractiveness; Facial convexity; Orthognathic surgery; Panel study; Photogrammetry