title: A new specific reference gene based on growth hormone gene (GH1) used for detection and relative quantification of Aquadvantage® GM salmon (Salmo salar L.) in food products.
abstract: Genetic transformation of fish is mainly oriented towards the improvement of growth for the benefit of the aquaculture. Actually, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is the species most transformed to achieve growth rates quite large compared to the wild. To anticipate the presence of contaminations with GM salmon in fish markets and the lack of labeling regulations with a mandatory threshold, the proper methods are needed to test the authenticity of the ingredients. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) method was used in this study. Ct values were obtained and validated using 15 processed food containing salmon. The relative and absolute limits of detection were 0.01% and 0.01 ng/μl of genomic DNA, respectively. Results demonstrate that the developed QRT-PCR method is suitable specifically for identification of S. salar in food ingredients based on the salmon growth hormone gene 1 (GH1). The processes used to develop the specific salmon reference gene case study are intended to serve as a model for performing quantification of Aquadvantage® GM salmon on future genetically modified (GM) fish to be commercialized.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, 5000, BP74 Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Ahmed Ben
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Hafsa
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, 5000, BP74 Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Nesrine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nabi
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, 5000, BP74 Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Mohamed Salem
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Zellama
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, 5000, BP74 Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Khaled
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Said
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, 5000, BP74 Monastir, Tunisia. Electronic address: maher.chaouachi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Maher
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chaouachi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D005502:Food; D030841:Food, Genetically Modified; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000235:genetics*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D020317:Salmo salar / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D013006:Growth Hormone
keywords: Food; GMO; Identification; QRT-PCR; Quantification; Salmo Salar L.