title: The role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of HIV-related lymphomas.
abstract: The incidence of HIV-related lymphomas (HRLs) is increased by 60-100 times in patients with HIV. When compared to the general population, patients with HRLs often present with extranodal lymphoid proliferation, most frequently of the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, liver and bone marrow. MicroRNAs (miRs) are non-coding double-stranded RNA molecules of 18-25 nucleotides that regulate post-translational gene expression by inhibiting translation or promoting degradation of messenger RNA complementary sequences. Before their discovery, tumorigenesis was thought to have been caused by the alteration of protein-coding oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes, but once identified in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, miRs function as either oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes was confirmed in different types of malignancies. Since miRs are clearly involved in tumorigenesis in many cancers, their role in HRLs is now receiving attention. A few studies have been conducted thus far in some HRLs on the involvement of miR in the pathogenesis of lymphoid malignancies. Since B-cell lymphomas arise from various stages of B-cell development in both HIV-infected and HIV-naïve patients, investigators have tried to determine the different miR signatures in B-cell development. As classic immunohistochemistry staining is sometimes not enough for the differential diagnosis of HRLs, in the present review, we have described the potential use of miRs in the prognosis and diagnosis of these diseases.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Hematopathology , Tygerberg Academic Hospital , Tygerberg , South Africa .
authors.forename: Ravnit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grewal
authors.forename: Andrei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cucuianu
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Swanepoel
authors.forename: Delia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dima
authors.forename: Bobe
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Petrushev
authors.forename: Bogdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pop
authors.forename: Ioana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Berindan-Neagoe
authors.forename: Emmanuel Akin
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Abayomi
authors.forename: Ciprian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tomuleasa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007157:Immunologic Surveillance; D016483:Lymphoma, AIDS-Related / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D011379:Prognosis; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: HIV-associated lymphoma; microRNA