title: Sortin2 enhances endocytic trafficking towards the vacuole in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A highly regulated trafficking of cargo vesicles in eukaryotes performs protein delivery to a variety of cellular compartments of endomembrane system. The two main routes, the secretory and the endocytic pathways have pivotal functions in uni- and multi-cellular organisms. Protein delivery and targeting includes cargo recognition, vesicle formation and fusion. Developing new tools to modulate protein trafficking allows better understanding the endomembrane system mechanisms and their regulation. The compound Sortin2 has been described as a protein trafficking modulator affecting targeting of the vacuolar protein carboxypeptidase Y (CPY), triggering its secretion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A reverse chemical-genetics approach was used to identify key proteins for Sortin2 bioactivity. A genome-wide Sortin2 resistance screen revealed six yeast deletion mutants that do not secrete CPY when grown at Sortin2 condition where the parental strain does: met18, sla1, clc1, dfg10, dpl1 and yjl175w. Integrating mutant phenotype and gene ontology annotation of the corresponding genes and their interactome pointed towards a high representation of genes involved in the endocytic process. In wild type yeast endocytosis towards the vacuole was faster in presence of Sortin2, which further validates the data of the genome-wide screen. This effect of Sortin2 depends on structural features of the molecule, suggesting compound specificity. Sortin2 did not affect endocytic trafficking in Sortin2-resistant mutants, strongly suggesting that the Sortin2 effects on the secretory and endocytic pathways are linked.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, the results reveal that Sortin2 enhances the endocytic transport pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This cellular effect is most likely at the level where secretory and endocytic pathways are merged. Them Sortin2 specificity over the endomembrane system places it as a powerful biological modulator for cell biology.
authors.affiliation: Plant Molecular Biology Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Las Palmeras 3425 Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile. bgvasquez@uc.cl.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vásquez-Soto
authors.affiliation: Plant Molecular Biology Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Las Palmeras 3425 Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile. n.manriquezn@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nicolás
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Manríquez
authors.affiliation: Plant Molecular Biology Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Las Palmeras 3425 Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile. mirna.cruz.amaya@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mirna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cruz-Amaya
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. jan.zouhar@upm.es.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zouhar
authors.affiliation: Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA. natasha.raikhel@ucr.edu.
authors.forename: Natasha V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Raikhel
authors.affiliation: Plant Molecular Biology Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Las Palmeras 3425 Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile. lnorambuena@uchile.cl.
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Norambuena
mesh_terms: D000476:Alkanesulfonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001692:Biological Transport; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000502:physiology*; D010641:Phenotype; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000235:genetics; D012236:Rhodanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism*; D055571:Secretory Pathway; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000476:Alkanesulfonates; D010940:Plant Proteins; C000612428:sortin2 compound; D012236:Rhodanine