title: A case of Francisella tularensis subspecies holarctica in China.
abstract: We report a highly unusual case of ulceroglandular tularemia in Beijing, China. The serological texting, and sequencing of three specific genes by PCR analysis, suggested that this case was infected by Francisella tularensis. Next, using 15 canonical single-nucleotide polymorphisms and insertion-deletion markers (SNPs-INDELs) and five variable-number tandem repeat loci (VNTRs), this case was assigned to a known clade from Russia, and not to the four clades that were previously identified, including previous Chinese isolates. The case that is reported herein provides evidence of type B tularemia in Beijing, and it demonstrates unprecedented levels of diversity of the Chinese variant of F. tularensis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plague, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China. Electronic address: wangyanhua@icdc.cn.
authors.forename: Yan-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Xicheng District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Fu-Yu
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ju
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Plague, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Beijing Genomics Institute - Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Plague, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lian-Xu
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Plague, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002681:China; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005604:Francisella tularensis / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008911:Minocycline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D014406:Tularemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D008911:Minocycline; D000077266:Moxifloxacin
keywords: China; Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica; INDEL; MLVA; Phylogeography; SNP; Tularemia; canSNP