title: Effects of Yttrium-90 selective internal radiation therapy on non-conventional liver tumors.
abstract: The liver is a common site of metastasis, with essentially all metastatic malignancies having been known to spread to the liver. Nearly half of all patients with extrahepatic primary cancer have hepatic metastases. The severe prognostic implications of hepatic metastases have made surgical resection an important first line treatment in management. However, limitations such as the presence of extrahepatic spread or poor functional hepatic reserve exclude the majority of patients as surgical candidates, leaving chemotherapy and locoregional therapies as next best options. Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) is a form of catheter-based locoregional cancer treatment modality for unresectable tumors, involving trans-arterial injection of microspheres embedded with a radio-isotope Yttrium-90. The therapeutic radiation dose is selectively delivered as the microspheres permanently embed themselves within the tumor vascular bed. Use of SIRT has been conventionally aimed at treating primary hepatic tumors (hepatocellular carcinoma) or colorectal and neuroendocrine metastases. Numerous reviews are available for these tumor types. However, little is known or reviewed on non-colorectal or non-neuroendocrine primaries. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to systematically review the current literature to evaluate the effects of Yttrium-90 radioembolization on non-conventional liver tumors including those secondary to breast cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, ocular and percutaneous melanoma, pancreatic cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Andrew Kuei, Stephen T Kee, Edward Wolfgang Lee, Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuei
authors.affiliation: Andrew Kuei, Stephen T Kee, Edward Wolfgang Lee, Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States.
authors.forename: Sammy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saab
authors.affiliation: Andrew Kuei, Stephen T Kee, Edward Wolfgang Lee, Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States.
authors.forename: Sung-Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Andrew Kuei, Stephen T Kee, Edward Wolfgang Lee, Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States.
authors.forename: Stephen T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Kee
authors.affiliation: Andrew Kuei, Stephen T Kee, Edward Wolfgang Lee, Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States.
authors.forename: Edward Wolfgang
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary; D008863:Microspheres; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015021:Yttrium Radioisotopes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015021:Yttrium Radioisotopes
keywords: Breast cancer; Cholangiocarcinoma; Liver metastases; Melanoma; Radioembolization; Selective internal radiation therapy; Transarterial radioembolization; Yttrium-90