title: Solid waste forecasting using modified ANFIS modeling.
abstract: Solid waste prediction is crucial for sustainable solid waste management. Usually, accurate waste generation record is challenge in developing countries which complicates the modelling process. Solid waste generation is related to demographic, economic, and social factors. However, these factors are highly varied due to population and economy growths. The objective of this research is to determine the most influencing demographic and economic factors that affect solid waste generation using systematic approach, and then develop a model to forecast solid waste generation using a modified Adaptive Neural Inference System (MANFIS). The model evaluation was performed using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and the coefficient of determination (R²). The results show that the best input variables are people age groups 0-14, 15-64, and people above 65 years, and the best model structure is 3 triangular fuzzy membership functions and 27 fuzzy rules. The model has been validated using testing data and the resulted training RMSE, MAE and R² were 0.2678, 0.045 and 0.99, respectively, while for testing phase RMSE =3.986, MAE = 0.673 and R² = 0.98.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To date, a few attempts have been made to predict the annual solid waste generation in developing countries. This paper presents modeling of annual solid waste generation using Modified ANFIS, it is a systematic approach to search for the most influencing factors and then modify the ANFIS structure to simplify the model. The proposed method can be used to forecast the waste generation in such developing countries where accurate reliable data is not always available. Moreover, annual solid waste prediction is essential for sustainable planning.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Civil and Structural Engineering , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Bangi , Selangor , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohammad K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Younes
authors.affiliation: a Department of Civil and Structural Engineering , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Bangi , Selangor , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Z M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Nopiah
authors.affiliation: a Department of Civil and Structural Engineering , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Bangi , Selangor , Malaysia.
authors.forename: N E Ahmad
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Basri
authors.affiliation: a Department of Civil and Structural Engineering , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Bangi , Selangor , Malaysia.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Basri
authors.affiliation: b Department of Civil Engineering, Middle East College , Knowledge Oasis Muscat , Al Rusayl , Sultanate of Oman.
authors.forename: Mohammed F M
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Abushammala
authors.affiliation: a Department of Civil and Structural Engineering , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Bangi , Selangor , Malaysia.|c Earth Observation Center, Institute of Climate Change , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Bangi , Selangor , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Maulud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: K N A
mesh_terms: D005544:Forecasting; D017143:Fuzzy Logic; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D062611:Solid Waste