title: Saudi experience in the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension; the outcome of PAH therapy with the exclusion of chronic parenteral prostacyclin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to present our center's experience in managing patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The main objective is to describe patients' management profile and treatment outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study presents the results from a single pulmonary hypertension (PH) specialized center in Saudi Arabia. Both incidence and prevalence cases are included. We have previously reported the clinical and physiological characteristics at the time of diagnosis for this cohort of patients. In this study, we describe the clinical management and the outcome of therapy in the same cohort, who were prospectively followed for a mean of 22 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 107 patients were identified as having PAH. At the time of enrollment, 56.1% of patients were in modified New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA FC) III and 16.8% were in IV. Phosphdiesterase-5 inhibitor was the most commonly used target therapy (82.2%) followed by endothelin receptors antagonist (74.4%). Only five patients (4.7%) were candidate to use calcium channel blockers. Seventy-nine patients (73.8 %) received a combination nonparenteral target therapy. Thirty-one patients (28.9%) died during the follow-up period. Modified NYHA FC III and IV patients, portopulmonary hypertension, heritable PAH, and PAH associated with connective tissue diseases had the highest mortality rate (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our patients are detected at advanced stage of the disease, and thus the mortality is still unacceptably high. Advanced functional class at presentation and certain disease subgroups are associated with increased mortality.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Medicine Division, Prince Sultan Medical Military City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Majdy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Idrees
authors.affiliation: Section of Congenital Heart Disease, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alnajashi
authors.affiliation: Section of Congenital Heart Disease, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Jasim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abdulhameed
authors.affiliation: Section of Congenital Heart Disease, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Atika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Medicine Division, Prince Sultan Medical Military City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Enas
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Batubara
authors.affiliation: Section of Congenital Heart Disease, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdelmajeed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alotay
authors.affiliation: High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Amal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fayed
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Medicine Division, Prince Sultan Medical Military City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Saleh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aldammas
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Medicine Division, Prince Sultan Medical Military City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Moaad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alseif
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Medicine Division, Prince Sultan Medical Military City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Husam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alawwad
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Medicine Division, Prince Sultan Medical Military City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Yahya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Abusabaa
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Medicine Division, Prince Sultan Medical Military City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mashael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Almobrad
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Science, King Fahd Cardiac Center, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Tarek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kashour
keywords: Mortality; Saudi association for pulmonary hypertension; prostacyclin; pulmonary arterial hypertension; target therapy