title: Influence of Environmental Governance on Deforestation in Municipalities of the Brazilian Amazon.
abstract: It has been argued that measuring governance at scales smaller than global could be an important management tool. However, current studies are conducted on a global scale and use expensive methods. In the present study, we assess whether the reported governance of Amazonian municipalities is related to reductions in deforestation. Economic activity (EA) affected general governance (G) positively (G = 0.81 +1.19 * EA, F1, 98 = 77.36, p < 0.001). Environmental governance (EG) was not affected significantly (p = 0.43) by deforestation before 2000 (PD), but increased significantly (p < 0.001) with general governance (G) (EG = -0.29 + 0.04 PD+0.98*OG, F2,97 = 42.6, p <0.001). Deforestation was not significantly related to environmental governance (p = 0.82). The only indirect effect of significant magnitude was the effect of the density of forest reserves on recent deforestation through deforestation before 2000, which was strongly negative (-0.49). It is possible to assess reported actions to promote municipal governance through official data. However, it is not enough to assume that general governance or environmental governance at the municipal level, as reflected in the official statistics, benefits environmental conservation. In fact, even at the level of nation states, at which most quantification of governance has been undertaken, it seems that the relationship between governance and environmental preservation is only an assumption, because we are aware of no study that supports that hypothesis quantitatively.
authors.affiliation: CBIO, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia, Manaus, Brasil.
authors.forename: Lilian Fernandes Oliveira
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.affiliation: CBIO, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia, Manaus, Brasil.
authors.forename: David Valentim
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.affiliation: CBIO, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia, Manaus, Brasil.
authors.forename: William Ernest
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Magnusson
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D002947:Cities; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000379:methods; D004777:Environment; D058735:Environmental Policy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D065928:Forests; D005843:Geography; D033161:Government Regulation; D006801:Humans; D045483:Rivers; D014197:Trees / Q000254:growth & development*