title: Room Temperature Ferrimagnetism and Ferroelectricity in Strained, Thin Films of BiFe0.5Mn0.5O3.
abstract: Highly strained films of BiFe0.5Mn0.5O3(BFMO) grown at very low rates by pulsed laser deposition were demonstrated to exhibit both ferrimagnetism and ferroelectricity at room temperature and above. Magnetisation measurements demonstrated ferrimagnetism (TC∼ 600K), with a room temperature saturation moment (MS) of up to 90 emu/cc (∼ 0.58μB/f.u) on high quality (001) SrTiO3. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism showed that the ferrimagnetism arose from antiferromagnetically coupled Fe3+and Mn3+. While scanning transmission electron microscope studies showed there was no long range ordering of Fe and Mn, the magnetic properties were found to be strongly dependent on the strain state in the films. The magnetism is explained to arise from one of three possible mechanisms with Bi polarization playing a key role. A signature of room temperature ferroelectricity in the films was measured by piezoresponse force microscopy and was confirmed using angular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy. The demonstration of strain induced, high temperature multiferroism is a promising development for future spintronic and memory applications at room temperature and above.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK E-mail: emc63@cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Eun-Mi
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK E-mail: emc63@cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fix
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK E-mail: emc63@cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kursumovic
authors.affiliation: ISIS, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK.
authors.forename: Christy J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kinane
authors.affiliation: National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton, New York, 11973, USA.
authors.forename: Darío
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arena
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK E-mail: emc63@cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Suman-Lata
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Sahonta
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA.
authors.forename: Zhenxing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA.
authors.forename: Jun-Sik
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station, TX, 77843-3128, USA.
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: ISIS, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK.
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Langridge
authors.affiliation: Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA ; Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA.
authors.forename: Albina Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Borisevich
authors.affiliation: SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: MacLaren
authors.affiliation: SuperSTEM, SciTech Daresbury Keckwick Lane, Warrington, WA4 4AD, UK.
authors.forename: Quentin M
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Ramasse
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK E-mail: emc63@cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Mark G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Blamire
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA.
authors.forename: Quanxi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK E-mail: emc63@cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Judith L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: MacManus-Driscoll
keywords: BiFeO3; BiMnO3; ferrimagnetism; ferroelectric; multiferroic