title: PGPR enhanced phytoremediation of petroleum contaminated soil and rhizosphere microbial community response.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate petroleum phytoremediation enhancement by plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPR), specifically the correlation between petroleum hydrocarbon fractions and bacterial community structure affected by remediation and PGPR inocula. Aged petroleum contaminated soil was remediated by tall fescue (Testuca arundinacea L.) inoculated with two PGPR strains. Hydrocarbon degradation was measured by GC-MS (Gas-chromatography Mass-spectrometer) based on carbon fraction numbers (C8-C34). Changes in bacterial community structure were analyzed by high-throughput pyrosequencing of 16s rRNA. PGPR inoculation increased tall fescue biomass and petroleum hydrocarbons were removed in all the treatments. Maximum hydrocarbon removal, particular high molecular weight (C21-C34) aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), was observed in tall fescue inoculated with PGPR. The relative abundance of phyla γ-proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes increased after different treatments compared with controls. Moreover, a bacterial guild mainly comprising the genera Lysobacter, Pseudoxanthomonas, Planctomyces, Nocardioides, Hydrogenophaga, Ohtaekwangia was found to be positively correlated with C21-C34 petroleum hydrocarbons fractions removal by RDA analysis, implying that petroleum degradation was unrelated to bacterial community diversity but positively correlated with specific petroleum degraders and biosurfactant producers.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Jinyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China. Electronic address: liuwuxin@issas.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Wuxing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Beibei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
authors.forename: Qingling
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
authors.forename: Yongming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia.
authors.forename: Ashley E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Franks
mesh_terms: D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018533:Biomass; D031751:Festuca / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D059392:Petroleum Pollution; D058441:Rhizosphere; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006838:Hydrocarbons; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: 16s rRNA; High-throughput pyrosequencing; PGPR; Petroleum pollutant; Phytoremediation