title: [Non-AIDS-associated cancer disorders. A novel scenario after over thirty years from HIV discovery? Clinical experience and literature appraisal].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Both natural history and epidemiological trend of HIV infection have been deeply modified by the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), around twenty years ago.
  
  
  METHODS
  However, despite a rapid drop of the incidence of the large majority of opportunistic infections, a slow, but continued increase of malignancies occurred, with particular evidence focused on cancers which are not strictly related to the definition of full blown AIDS (the so called non-AIDS-defining malignancies).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The unique clinical occurrence of HIV infection complicated by even four non-AIDS-defining cancers prompted us to re-discuss the epidemiology and the possible pathogenesis, the clinical presentation, and the differential diagnosis of this pathologic presentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the ground of our experience in this field, and the available literature evidences, we discuss how this clinical occurrence is acting on HIV infection presentation during the HAART era of the third millennium. These changes need broad scale studies, and promise relevant consequences on etiopathogenetic, prevention, therapeutic, and management aspects of HIV disease in the next future.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manfredi
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cascavilla
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Calza
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology