title: Effectiveness of the Gastrocsoleous Flap for Coverage of Soft Tissue Defects in Leg with Emphasis on the Distal Third.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The standard methods for reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the leg include gastrocnemius flap for proximal third defects, soleus flap for middle third and free flap in the distal third. However, there are problems with the use of free flap, like increased operative time, damage of major vessels and the need for experienced microsurgeon.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study was undertaken on 23 patients (20 male and 3 female) with the mean age 32.13 years (14 to 65). This group consisted of all of the patients referred to Dr Bahonar Hospital, Kerman with soft tissue defects between April 2011 and April 20012 and would give informed consent for participation in the study and treatment of the defect with muscle flaps. 8 patients with proximal third defects were treated with were treated with gastrocnemius flap, 4 with middle third defects with soleus flap and 3 with reverse soleus flap and 8 with distal third defects with reverse soleus flap. The patients were followed up for at least 1 year. Finally the results were analyzed by SPSS 16.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients with soft tissue defect in proximal and middle third of leg repair was successful in all. In 5 patients with soft tissue defect in distal third of leg repair was complete but in 3 of them flap failure was seen. Overall success rate for reverse soleous flap was 72.7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The success rate of the flap for the upper and lower thirds was similar to other studies and seems that this is the standard method. In the distal third defects the reverse soleous flap failed in 3 cases and it seems that preoperative investigations such as angiography must be performed before embarking on such a procedure.
authors.affiliation: Hand and Plastic Surgery Department, Emam Reza Hospital, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karbalaeikhani
authors.affiliation: Hand and Plastic Surgery Department, Emam Reza Hospital, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saied
authors.affiliation: Hand and Plastic Surgery Department, Emam Reza Hospital, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Afshin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heshmati
keywords: Gastrocnemius; Muscle flap; Reconstruction; Soleus