title: Development of a bone substitute material based on alpha-tricalcium phosphate scaffold coated with carbonate apatite/poly-epsilon-caprolactone.
abstract: Interconnected porous tricalcium phosphate ceramics are considered to be potential bone substitutes. However, insufficient mechanical properties when using tricalcium phosphate powders remain a challenge. To mitigate these issues, we have developed a new approach to produce an interconnected alpha-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) scaffold and to perform surface modification on the scaffold with a composite layer, which consists of hybrid carbonate apatite / poly-epsilon-caprolactone (CO3Ap/PCL) with enhanced mechanical properties and biological performance. Different CO3Ap combinations were tested to evaluate the optimal mechanical strength and in vitro cell response of the scaffold. The α-TCP scaffold coated with CO3Ap/PCL maintained a fully interconnected structure with a porosity of 80% to 86% and achieved an improved compressive strength mimicking that of cancellous bone. The addition of CO3Ap coupled with the fully interconnected microstructure of the α-TCP scaffolds coated with CO3Ap/PCL increased cell attachment, accelerated proliferation and resulted in greater alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Hence, our bone substitute exhibited promising potential for applications in cancellous bone-type replacement.
authors.affiliation: Center for Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramesh
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Purbolaksono
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Hari
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chandran
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramesh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Othman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006244:Hardness; D008422:Materials Testing; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D011091:Polyesters; C016240:polycaprolactone; C030782:carboapatite; C018392:tricalcium phosphate