title: Tensile force on human macrophage cells promotes osteoclastogenesis through receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand induction.
abstract: Little is known about the effects of tensile forces on osteoclastogenesis by human monocytes in the absence of mechanosensitive cells, including osteoblasts and fibroblasts. In this study we consider the effects of tensile force on osteoclastogenesis in human monocytes. The cells were treated with receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) to promote osteoclastogenesis. Then,expression and secretion of cathepsin K were examined. RANKL and the formation of osteoclasts during the osteoclast differentiation process under continual tensile stress were evaluated by Western blot. It was also found that -100 kPa or lower induces RANKL-enhanced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, an increased tensile force raises the expression and secretion of cathepsin K elevated by RANKL, and is concurrent with the increase of TNF-receptor-associated factor 6 induction and nuclear factor κB activation. Overall, the current report demonstrates that tensile force reinforces RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by retarding osteoclast differentiation. The tensile force is able to modify every cell through dose-dependent in vitro RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis, affecting the fusion of preosteoclasts and function of osteoclasts. However, tensile force increased TNF-receptor-associated factor 6 expression. These results are in vitro findings and were obtained under a condition of tensile force. The current results help us to better understand the cellular roles of human macrophage populations in osteoclastogenesis as well as in alveolar bone remodeling when there is tensile stress.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Stomatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Tze
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Stomatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsui-Hsien
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Thoracic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.|School of Medicine, College of Medicine, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsin-Yuan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Stomatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Fang
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.affiliation: 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. eviltacasi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ming-You
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0650-4344
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Shie
authors.affiliation: 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. patrick6226@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chia-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yeh
mesh_terms: D056657:Cathepsin K / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000378:metabolism*; D048029:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6 / Q000378:metabolism; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D053245:RANK Ligand; D048029:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6; C505688:TNFSF11 protein, human; C000604754:Tifab protein, human; C534130:CTSK protein, human; D056657:Cathepsin K
keywords: Human monocyte; Osteoclastogenesis; Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand; Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase; Tensile force