title: STRETCHY ELECTRONICS. Hierarchically buckled sheath-core fibers for superelastic electronics, sensors, and muscles.
abstract: Superelastic conducting fibers with improved properties and functionalities are needed for diverse applications. Here we report the fabrication of highly stretchable (up to 1320%) sheath-core conducting fibers created by wrapping carbon nanotube sheets oriented in the fiber direction on stretched rubber fiber cores. The resulting structure exhibited distinct short- and long-period sheath buckling that occurred reversibly out of phase in the axial and belt directions, enabling a resistance change of less than 5% for a 1000% stretch. By including other rubber and carbon nanotube sheath layers, we demonstrated strain sensors generating an 860% capacitance change and electrically powered torsional muscles operating reversibly by a coupled tension-to-torsion actuation mechanism. Using theory, we quantitatively explain the complementary effects of an increase in muscle length and a large positive Poisson's ratio on torsional actuation and electronic properties.
authors.affiliation: Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China. Jiangnan Graphene Research Institute, Changzhou 213149, China.
authors.forename: Z F
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA. Jiangnan Graphene Research Institute, Changzhou 213149, China.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA. Applied Physics Department, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13081-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China. Micro/Nano Science and Technology Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA. Jiangnan Graphene Research Institute, Changzhou 213149, China.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Di
authors.affiliation: High-Performance Materials Institute, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lepró
authors.affiliation: Applied Physics Department, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13081-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Galvão
authors.affiliation: Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Haines
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China. Jiangnan Graphene Research Institute, Changzhou 213149, China.
authors.forename: N Y
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Jiangnan Graphene Research Institute, Changzhou 213149, China. Institute of Materials Physics, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Jiangnan Graphene Research Institute, Changzhou 213149, China.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China. Jiangnan Graphene Research Institute, Changzhou 213149, China.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Jiangnan Graphene Research Institute, Changzhou 213149, China. Institute of Materials Physics, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China. Jiangnan Graphene Research Institute, Changzhou 213149, China.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China. Jiangnan Graphene Research Institute, Changzhou 213149, China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Jiangnan Graphene Research Institute, Changzhou 213149, China. Institute of Materials Physics, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China. Jiangnan Graphene Research Institute, Changzhou 213149, China.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China. Jiangnan Graphene Research Institute, Changzhou 213149, China.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Jiangnan Graphene Research Institute, Changzhou 213149, China.
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.affiliation: School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Lintec of America, Nano-Science and Technology Center, Richardson, TX 75081, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ovalle-Robles
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA. Jiangnan Graphene Research Institute, Changzhou 213149, China.
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Baughman
mesh_terms: D004547:Elastic Tissue; D004548:Elasticity; D025802:Electric Capacitance; D004581:Electronics; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D054159:Torsion, Mechanical
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon