title: Integron diversity in marine environments.
abstract: Integrons are bacterial genetic elements known to be active vectors of antibiotic resistance among clinical bacteria. They are also found in bacterial communities from natural environments. Although integrons have become especially efficient for bacterial adaptation in the particular context of antibiotic usage, their role in natural environments in other contexts is still unknown. Indeed, most studies have focused on integrons and the spread of antibiotic resistance in freshwater or soil impacted by anthropogenic activities, with only few on marine environments. Notably, integrons show a wider diversity of both gene cassettes and integrase gene in natural environments than in clinical environments, suggesting a general role of integrons in bacterial adaptation. This article reviews the current knowledge on integrons in marine environments. We also present conclusions of our studies on polluted and nonpolluted backgrounds.
authors.affiliation: Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, MELODY Group, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, IPREM UMR CNRS 5254, BP 1155, 64013, Pau, Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Justine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abella
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Molecular Genetics, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.|Laboratory for Biology and Microbial Genetics, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bielen
authors.affiliation: Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, MELODY Group, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, IPREM UMR CNRS 5254, BP 1155, 64013, Pau, Cedex, France.|Euro Engineering, Technopole Hélioparc Bât Newton, 4 rue Jules Ferry, CS N 99207, 64053, Pau, Cedex 09, France.
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, MELODY Group, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, IPREM UMR CNRS 5254, BP 1155, 64013, Pau, Cedex, France.|Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biology Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Tom O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Delmont
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Molecular Genetics, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Dušica
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vujaklija
authors.affiliation: Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, MELODY Group, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, IPREM UMR CNRS 5254, BP 1155, 64013, Pau, Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Duran
authors.affiliation: Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, MELODY Group, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, IPREM UMR CNRS 5254, BP 1155, 64013, Pau, Cedex, France. christine.cagnon@univ-pau.fr.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cagnon
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D032023:Integrons / Q000235:genetics*; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology*
keywords: Adaptation; Bacterial communities; Contaminants; Gene cassettes; Integron integrase