title: Development and validation of a UHPLC-HR-Orbitrap-MS method for the simultaneous determination of androstenone, skatole and indole in porcine meat and meat products.
abstract: Boar taint is an off-odour that entails negative consumer reactions. In this study two extraction and UHPLC-HRMS analysis methods, valuable for evaluation of consumer acceptance towards boar meat, were developed for quantification of indole, skatole, and androstenone in different meat products. Sample pretreatment consisted of extraction with methanol and a homogenising step (cooked ham, minced meat, tenderloin, bacon, cutlets, blade loin, uncooked ham) or a melting step (salami sausage and liver paste). Both methods were validated according to CD 2002/657/EC and ISO 17025 guidelines. Good performance characteristics were obtained. Good linearity (R(2) ⩾ 0.99) and no lack of fit was observed (95% confidence interval; F-test, p > 0.05). Also good recovery (89-110%) and satisfactory precision: repeatability (RSD ⩽ 14.9%) and within-laboratory reproducibility (RSD ⩽ 17.2%) were obtained. Analysis of cooked ham and salami sausage samples proved the applicability of both methods for routine analysis.
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kaat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Verplanken
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jella
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wauters
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Vicky
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vercruysse
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit, Scheldeweg 68, B-9090 Melle, Belgium.
authors.forename: Marijke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aluwé
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. Electronic address: Lynn.Vanhaecke@UGent.be.
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vanhaecke
mesh_terms: D000736:Androstenes / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D007211:Indoles / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D008461:Meat Products / Q000032:analysis*; D000069466:Red Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D012862:Skatole / Q000032:analysis*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000736:Androstenes; D007211:Indoles; C000214:androst-16-en-3-one; C030374:indole; D012862:Skatole
keywords: 2,3-Benzopyrrole; 3-Methylindole; 5α-Androst-16-en-3-one; Boar taint; Exactive; Orbitrap; UHPLC