title: Parental Involvement Across Middle and High School: Exploring Contributions of Individual and Neighborhood Characteristics.
abstract: Parental involvement in education is crucial during adolescence when grades decline and youth autonomy increases. This study examined parental involvement trajectories from 7th to 11th grade and explored whether individual and neighborhood characteristics affected this change. European American and African American (66 %) families participated (N = 1377, primary caregivers: 92 % female; adolescents: 51 % male, initial age range: 11-14). Results showed that, over time, parents reduced home- and school-based involvement but consistently engaged in academic socialization. Individual and neighborhood characteristics contributed differentially to parental involvement trajectories. These findings suggest that parental investment in adolescents' education persists during this critical developmental period, but individual and contextual differences impact the use of these strategies, which has implications for family-school partnerships and interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, 223 Moore Building, University Park, PA, 16803, USA, sub229@psu.edu.
authors.forename: Sakshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhargava
authors.forename: Dawn P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Witherspoon
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D041923:Adolescent Development; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors