title: Capillary electrochromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of 5-nitroimidazole antibiotics in urine samples.
abstract: The separation of eight antibiotics belonging to 5-nitroimidazole family was carried out by means of CEC coupled with MS. Preliminary experiments were carried out with ultraviolet detection in order to select the proper stationary and mobile phase. Among the different stationary phases studied (namely Lichrospher C18, 5 μm particle size; Cogent(TM) Bidentate C18, 4.2 μm; Pinnacle II™ Phenyl, 3 μm; Pinnacle II™ Cyano, 3 μm), Cogent™ Bidentate C18 (4.2 μm) gave the best performance. For CEC-MS coupling, a laboratory assembled liquid-junction-nano-spray interface was used. In order to achieve a good sensitivity, special attention was paid to both optimization of the sheath liquid composition as well as selection of the injection mode. Under optimized CEC-ESI-MS conditions, the separation was accomplished within 22 min by using a column packed with a mixture of Bidentate C18:Lichrospher Silica-60 (5 μm) 3:1 w/w, an inlet pressure of 11 bar, a voltage of 15 kV, and a mobile phase composed by 45:10:45 v/v/v ACN/MeOH/water containing ammonium acetate (5 mM pH 5). A combined hydrodynamic and electrokinetic injection of 8 bar, 15 kV, and 96 s was adopted. The method was validated in terms of repeatability and intermediate precision of retention times and peak areas, linearity, and LODs and LOQs. RSDs values were <2.9% for retention times and <16.1% for peak areas in both intraday and interday experiments. LOQ values were between 0.09 and 0.42 μg/mL for all compounds. Finally, the method was applied to the determination of three most employed 5-nitroimidazole antibiotics (metronidazole, secnidazole, and ternidazole) in spiked urine samples, subjected to a SPE procedure. Recovery values in the 67-103% range were obtained. Furthermore, for the selected antibiotics, CEC-MS(2) spectra were obtained providing the unambiguous confirmation of these drugs in urine samples.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo, Italy.|Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Maykel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernández-Mesa
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Orazio
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rocco
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: García-Campaña
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen Cruces
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fanali
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000652:urine*; D053801:Capillary Electrochromatography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D009593:Nitroimidazoles / Q000652:urine*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009593:Nitroimidazoles; C052587:4-nitroimidazole
keywords: 5-Nitroimidazole separation; Capillary electrochromatography; Liquid-junction interface; Mass spectrometry; Urine samples