title: Exhaled Carbon Dioxide and Neonatal Breathing Patterns in Preterm Infants after Birth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the amount of exhaled carbon dioxide (ECO2) with different breathing patterns in spontaneously breathing preterm infants after birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preterm infants had a facemask attached to a combined carbon dioxide/flow sensor placed over their mouth and nose to record ECO2 and gas flow. A breath-by-breath analysis of the first 5 minutes of the recording was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty spontaneously breathing preterm infants, gestational age (mean ± SD) 30 ± 2 weeks and birth weight 1635 ± 499 g were studied. ECO2 from normal breaths and slow expirations was significantly larger than with other breathing patterns (P < .001). ECO2 per breath also increased with gestational age P < .001. The expiratory hold pattern was the most prevalent breathing pattern both during the first minute of recording and overall. Breathing pattern proportions also varied by gestational age. Finally, ECO2 from the fifth minute of recording was significantly greater than that produced during the first 4 minutes of recording (P ≤ .029).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ECO2 varies with different breathing patterns and increases with gestational age and over time. ECO2 may be an indicator of lung aeration and that postnatal ECO2 monitoring may be useful in preterm infants in the delivery room.
authors.affiliation: Center for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nicoll
authors.affiliation: Center for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Po-Yin
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Center for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Vishaal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rajani
authors.affiliation: Center for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Reilly
authors.affiliation: Center for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pichler
authors.affiliation: Center for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Georg M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Schmölzer
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D001944:Breath Tests; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis*; D045853:Exhalation; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013990:Tidal Volume
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide