title: Lighting, sleep and circadian rhythm: An intervention study in the intensive care unit.
abstract: Patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) may risk disruption of their circadian rhythm. In an intervention research project a cycled lighting system was set up in an ICU room to support patients' circadian rhythm. Part I aimed to compare experiences of the lighting environment in two rooms with different lighting environments by lighting experiences questionnaire. The results indicated differences in advantage for the patients in the intervention room (n=48), in perception of daytime brightness (p=0.004). In nighttime, greater lighting variation (p=0.005) was found in the ordinary room (n=52). Part II aimed to describe experiences of lighting in the room equipped with the cycled lighting environment. Patients (n=19) were interviewed and the results were presented in categories: "A dynamic lighting environment", "Impact of lighting on patients' sleep", "The impact of lighting/lights on circadian rhythm" and "The lighting calms". Most had experiences from sleep disorders and half had nightmares/sights and circadian rhythm disruption. Nearly all were pleased with the cycled lighting environment, which together with daylight supported their circadian rhythm. In night's actual lighting levels helped patients and staff to connect which engendered feelings of calm.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Caring Sciences, Work Life & Social Welfare, University of Borås, SE-501 90 Borås, Sweden. Electronic address: marie.engwall@hb.se.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Engwall
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Caring Sciences, Work Life & Social Welfare, University of Borås, SE-501 90 Borås, Sweden. Electronic address: isabell.fridh@hb.se.
authors.forename: Isabell
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fridh
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Care Sciences at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 457, SE 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address: lotta.johansson@gu.se.
authors.forename: Lotta
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Caring Sciences, Work Life & Social Welfare, University of Borås, SE-501 90 Borås, Sweden; Institute of Health and Care Sciences at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 457, SE 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address: ingegerd.bergbom@gu.se.
authors.forename: Ingegerd
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bergbom
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Caring Sciences, Work Life & Social Welfare, University of Borås, SE-501 90 Borås, Sweden. Electronic address: berit.lindahl@hb.se.
authors.forename: Berit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lindahl
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D003422:Critical Care; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000523:psychology; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008029:Lighting; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Circadian rhythm; Content analysis; Critical care; Cycled light; Intensive care unit; Interview; Lighting; Mann–Whitney-test; Nursing; Sleep