title: Laboratory evaluation of a native strain of Beauveria bassiana for controlling Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778) (Acari: Dermanyssidae).
abstract: The poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778) (Acari: Dermanyssidae) is one of the most economically important ectoparasites of laying hens worldwide. Chemical control of this mite may result in environmental and food contamination, as well as the development of drug resistance. High virulence of Beauveria bassiana sensu lato strains isolated from naturally infected hosts or from their environment has been demonstrated toward many arthropod species, including ticks. However, a limited number of studies have assessed the use of B. bassiana for the control of D. gallinae s.l. and none of them have employed native strains. This study reports the pathogenicity of a native strain of B. bassiana (CD1123) against nymphs and adults of D. gallinae. Batches of nymph and adult mites (i.e., n=720 for each stage) for treated groups (TGs) were placed on paper soaked with a 0.1% tween 80 suspension of B. bassiana (CIS, 10(5), 10(7) and 10(9) conidia/ml), whilst 240 untreated control mites for each stage (CG) were exposed only to 0.1% tween 80. The mites in TG showed a higher mortality at all stages (p<0.01) when compared to CG, depending on the time of exposure and the conidial concentration. A 100% mortality rate was recorded using a CIS of 10(9) conidia/ml 12 days post infection (DPI) in adults and 14 DPI in nymphs. B. bassiana suspension containing 10(9) conidia/ml was highly virulent towards nymph and adult stages of D. gallinae, therefore representing a possible promising natural product to be used in alternative or in combination to other acaricidal compounds currently used for controlling the red mite.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Immediato
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Camarda
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iatta
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Rita
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Puttilli
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Italy; Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias dos Animais Domésticos, Universida de Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael Antonio Nascimento
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Paola
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Annunziata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giangaspero
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Otranto
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Italy. Electronic address: claudia.cafarchia@uniba.it.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cafarchia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052982:Beauveria / Q000502:physiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D008925:Mites / Q000382:microbiology*; D009758:Nymph / Q000382:microbiology; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Beauveria bassiana; Biological control; Dermanyssus gallinae; Entomopathogenic fungus; In vitro studies