title: The burden of smoking-related diseases in Brazil: mortality, morbidity and costs.
abstract: Advances in tobacco control in Brazil can be reflected in the decrease in prevalence over the past two decades. Death statistics and the occurrence of events and direct costs attributable to tobacco-related diseases have not been frequently estimated in the country. The goal of this article is to estimate the burden of smoking in 2011 regarding mortality, morbidity and medical care costs of the main tobacco-related diseases. A probabilistic microsimulation health economic model was built. The model incorporates the natural history, costs and quality of life of all the tobacco-related adult-specific diseases. Smoking was accountable for 147,072 deaths, 2.69 million years of life lost, 157,126 acute myocardial infarctions, 75,663 strokes, and 63,753 cancer diagnoses. The direct cost for the health system was of BRL 23.37 billion. The monitoring of tobacco-related burden is an important strategy to guide decision-makers and to strenghten health public policies.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
authors.forename: Márcia Teixeira
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pichon-Riviere
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bardach
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics* / Q000401:mortality*; D020521:Stroke / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality