title: Smoking acutely impaired endothelial function in healthy college students.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cigarette smoking has been clearly pointed out as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Endothelial dysfunction contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) has been known as one of the endothelial function markers. We investigated the acute and chronic effects of smoking on endothelial function in college-aged smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen smokers (mean age: 21 +/- 1 y) and 14 non-smokers (mean age: 20 +/- 1 y) were enrolled in this study. Brachial-ankle pulsed wave velocity (baPWV), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) were measured using a plethysmograph. Endothelium- dependent FMD was induced by reactive hyperaemia. High-resolution ultrasound with a 7.5-MHz linear array transducer was used to measure the diam- eter of the right brachial artery. Measurement of baPWV, SBP, DBP, HR, artery diameter, and %FMD was performed in smokers and non-smokers after 10 min bed rest, and after smoking one cigarette in the smokers. The interval between the two measurements was more than 15 minutes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences on baPWV, SBP, DBP, HR, baseline brachial artery diameter between smokers and non-smokers. Percent FMD after smoking was significantly lower than that at rest values in smokers (8.7 +/- 4.0 vs. 5.3 +/- 2.4, P < 0.005), although %FMD at rest was not significantly different between smokers and non-smokers. No other markers showed any significant differences between smokers at rest and after smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even the smoking of one cigarette dramatically impaired endothelial function, although habitual cigarette smoking did not decrease FMD in young healthy smokers.
authors.forename: Seiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iizuka
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimokata
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000502:physiology; D004106:Dilatation; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D010991:Plethysmography; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013334:Students; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult