title: 5Hz Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to left prefrontal cortex for major depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to left prefrontal cortex at 10Hz is the most commonly utilized protocol for major depressive disorder (MDD). Published data suggests that left sided 5Hz rTMS may be efficacious and well tolerated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We analyzed outcomes in a naturalistic cohort of MDD patients who could not tolerate 10Hz rTMS and were routinely switched to 5Hz. We hypothesized that the efficacy of 5Hz rTMS would be equivalent to 10Hz.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records were reviewed for patients (n=98) who received 15 or more acute rTMS treatments. The sample was split based upon the frequency (10 or 5Hz) at which the majority of treatments were delivered. The Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (IDS-SR) and 9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline IDS-SR was higher in the 5Hz (n=27) than in the 10Hz (n=71) group (p<.05), as was frequency of comorbid anxiety (p=.002). Depression outcomes did not differ between groups, and there were no differences in response or remission rates (all p>.1). Statistical power was sufficient to detect small group differences (d=.26).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Open-label data in a naturalistic setting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Outcomes associated with 5Hz rTMS did not differ from 10Hz, despite higher baseline depressive symptom severity and anxiety in 5Hz patients. 5Hz stimulation may be an alternative treatment option for patients unable to tolerate 10Hz rTMS.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States; Butler Hospital Mood Disorders Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, United States. Electronic address: Noah_Philip@Brown.edu.
authors.forename: Noah S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Philip
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States.
authors.forename: S Louisa
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.affiliation: Butler Hospital Mood Disorders Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, United States.
authors.forename: Samuel J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ridout
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Albright
authors.affiliation: Butler Hospital Mood Disorders Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, United States.
authors.forename: Audrey R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Tyrka
authors.affiliation: Butler Hospital Mood Disorders Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, United States.
authors.forename: Lawrence H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Price
authors.affiliation: Butler Hospital Mood Disorders Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, United States.
authors.forename: Linda L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Carpenter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders; D015897:Comorbidity; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Anxiety; Major depression; Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation