title: Genome-editing tools for stem cell biology.
abstract: Human pluripotent stem cells provide a versatile platform for regenerative studies, drug testing and disease modeling. That the expression of only four transcription factors, Oct4, Klf4, Sox2 and c-Myc (OKSM), is sufficient for generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from differentiated somatic cells has revolutionized the field and also highlighted the importance of OKSM as targets for genome editing. A number of novel genome-editing systems have been developed recently. In this review, we focus on successful applications of several such systems for generation of iPSCs. In particular, we discuss genome-editing systems based on zinc-finger fusion proteins (ZFs), transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) and an RNA-guided DNA-specific nuclease, Cas9, derived from the bacterial defense system against viruses that utilizes clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology, RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Vasileva
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology, RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: O U
authors.initials: OU
authors.lastname: Shuvalov
authors.affiliation: Technological University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Garabadgiu
authors.affiliation: 1] Technological University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia [2] MRC Toxicology Unit, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Melino
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute of Cytology, RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia [2] Technological University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Barlev
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D000076987:CRISPR-Associated Protein 9; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D064112:Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats; D004720:Endonucleases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D015894:Genome, Human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D016335:Zinc Fingers / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C000715467:KLF4 protein, human; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; C489427:MYC protein, human; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; C494173:POU5F1 protein, human; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C527782:SOX2 protein, human; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors; D000076987:CRISPR-Associated Protein 9; C000600049:Cas9 protein, Francisella novicida; D004720:Endonucleases