title: The effect of temperament on the treatment adherence of bipolar disorder type I.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Treatment adherence is one of the most important factors that may determine treatment response in patients with bipolar disorders (BD). Many factors have been described to be associated with treatment adherence in BD. Temperament that can influence the course of BD will have an impact on treatment adherence. The aim of this study is to investigate temperament effect on treatment adherence in euthymic patients with BD-I.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty patients with BD-I participated in the study. A psychiatrist used the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-I Disorders to determine the diagnosis and co-morbidities. Hamilton Depression and Young Mania Rating Scale were used to detect the remission. We used the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, San Diego Autoquestionnaire and the 4-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale to evaluate temperament and treatment adherence, respectively. The study group was divided into two groups as "treatment adherent" and "treatment non-adherent".
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cyclothymic and anxious temperament scores of the treatment non-adherent patients with BD-I were significantly higher than those of the treatment adherent group (p < 0.001, p = 0.006, respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis determined that cyclothymic temperament predicted treatment non-adherence (p = 0.009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It should be kept in mind that BD-I patients with cyclothymic temperament may be treatment non-adherent and future studies should explore whether temperament characteristics deteriorate BD-I course by disrupting treatment adherence.
authors.affiliation: a Sadiye Visal Buturak, Department of Psychiatry , Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University , Kirikkale , Turkey .
authors.forename: Sadiye Visal
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Buturak
authors.affiliation: b Emel Erdogan Bakar, Department of Psychology , Faculty of Science and Literature, Ufuk University , Ankara , Turkey .
authors.forename: Erdogan Bakar
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Emel
authors.affiliation: c Orhan Murat Koçak, Department of Psychiatry , Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University , Kirikkale , Turkey .
authors.forename: Orhan Murat
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Koçak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003527:Cyclothymic Disorder / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013694:Temperament; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs
keywords: Bipolar disorder; Temperament; Treatment adherence