title: Identification and quantification of 1,3-dimethylbutylamine (DMBA) from Camellia sinensis tea leaves and dietary supplements.
abstract: 1,3-dimethylbutylamine (DMBA), is a CNS stimulant, which has recently been identified in multiple dietary supplements and sometimes labeled as a natural constituent of Pouchung tea. DMBA is an homologue of 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA) which the US Food and Drug Administration has attempted to remove from all dietary supplements after DMAA consumption was linked to strokes, heart disease, and sudden death. To address questions concerning the natural origin of DMBA, three independent analytical methods were developed for analyzing authentic tea samples and dietary supplements. A high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed for the fast screening and chemical fingerprint analysis. Chiral Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine the enantiopurity and a validated Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-QToF-MS) method was developed for the quantification of DMBA. Using these techniques the presence of DMBA was confirmed using a reference standard and was not detected in any of 25 authentic or commercial samples of Camellia sinensis tea leaves (green tea, black tea, Oolong tea, and Pouchung tea). Of 13 dietary supplements tested, 11 contained DMBA in racemic form and ranged from 0.1 to 214mg per daily dose.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Bharathi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Avula
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Satyanarayanaraju
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sagi
authors.affiliation: Cambridge Health Alliance, Somerville, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Pieter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Yan-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lasonkar
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Amar G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Chittiboyina
authors.affiliation: Division of Chinese Materia Medica, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, China Food and Drug Administration, 2 TiantanXili, Beijing 100050, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: ikhan@olemiss.edu.
authors.forename: Ikhlas A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000032:analysis*; D028241:Camellia sinensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer / Q000379:methods; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D057230:Limit of Detection; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; C000601638:1,3-dimethylbutylamine
keywords: DMBA (1,3-dimethylbutylamine); GC–MS; HPTLC; Tea; UHPLC-QToF-MS