title: Serial peripheral nerve ultrasound in Guillain-Barré syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the longitudinal changes of nerve ultrasound in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively recruited 17 GBS patients and 17 age and gender-matched controls. Serial studies of their nerve conduction parameters and nerve ultrasound, documenting the cross-sectional areas (CSA), were performed at admission and repeated at several time points throughout disease course.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serial nerve ultrasound revealed significantly enlarged CSA in median, ulnar and sural nerves within the first 3 weeks of disease onset. Longitudinal evaluation revealed an improvement in the nerve CSA with time, reaching significance in the ulnar and sural nerves after 12 weeks. There was no significant difference between the demyelinating and axonal subtypes. There was also no significant correlation found between nerve CSA and neurophysiological parameters or changes in nerve CSA and muscle strength.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In GBS, serial studies of peripheral nerve ultrasound CSA are helpful to detect a gradual improvement in the nerve size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serial nerve ultrasound studies could serve as a useful tool in demonstrating nerve recovery in GBS.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Siti Nur Omaira
authors.initials: SNO
authors.lastname: Razali
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Thaarani
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arumugam
authors.affiliation: National University Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yuki
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Faizatul Izza
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Rozalli
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Khean-Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Goh
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: nortina7@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nortina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shahrizaila
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D020275:Guillain-Barre Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology*; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: Anti-ganglioside antibody; EMG; Guillain–Barré syndrome; Nerve conduction study; Nerve ultrasound