title: Creation of a High-fidelity, Low-cost Pediatric Skull Fracture Ultrasound Phantom.
abstract: Over the past decade, point-of-care ultrasound has become a common tool used for both procedures and diagnosis. Developing high-fidelity phantoms is critical for training in new and novel point-of-care ultrasound applications. Detecting skull fractures on ultrasound imaging in the younger-than-2-year-old patient is an emerging area of point-of-care ultrasound research. Identifying a skull fracture on ultrasound imaging in this age group requires knowledge of the appearance and location of sutures to distinguish them from fractures. There are currently no commercially available pediatric skull fracture models. We outline a novel approach to building a cost-effective, simple, high-fidelity pediatric skull fracture phantom to meet a unique training requirement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California USA. zachary.p.soucy@hitchcock.org.
authors.forename: Zachary P
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Soucy
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California USA.
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California USA.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California USA.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kuppermann
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014481:United States
keywords: fracture; phantom; point-of-care ultrasound; skull; ultrasound