title: Magnetic stimulation supports muscle and nerve regeneration after trauma in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Magnetic stimulation (MS) has the ability to induce muscle twitch and has long been proposed as a therapeutic modality for skeletal muscle diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its means of action have not been defined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Muscle regeneration after trauma was studied in a standard muscle injury mouse model. The influence of MS on the formation of motor units, posttrauma muscle/nerve regeneration, and vascularization was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that MS does not cause systemic or muscle damage but improves muscle regeneration by significantly minimizing the presence of inflammatory infiltrate and formation of scars after trauma. It avoids posttrauma muscle atrophy, induces muscle hypertrophy, and increases the metabolism and turnover of muscle. It triples the expression of muscle markers and significantly improves muscle functional recovery after trauma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that MS supports muscle and nerve regeneration by activating muscle-nerve cross-talk and inducing the maturation of neuromuscular junctions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Urologic Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Division of Urology, University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, CH 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Meline N L
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Stölting
authors.affiliation: Biozentrum, Focal Area Growth and Development, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Anne Sophie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Urologic Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Division of Urology, University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, CH 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Deana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haralampieva
authors.affiliation: Biozentrum, Focal Area Growth and Development, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Handschin
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Urologic Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Division of Urology, University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, CH 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Tullio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sulser
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Urologic Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Division of Urology, University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, CH 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eberli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D055909:Magnetic Field Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000293:injuries* / Q000502:physiology*; D009133:Muscular Atrophy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000502:physiology; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques
keywords: magnetic stimulation therapy; muscle contraction; nerve regeneration; neuromuscular junction; rehabilitation outcome