title: Hepatopancreatic intoxication of lambda cyhalothrin insecticide on albino rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the known adverse effects of lambda cyhalothrin insecticide, little is known about its hepatopancreatic intoxication effects. The present study was carried out to elucidate sub-chronic effect of Karat 2.5% EC formulation of lambda cyhalothrin on male albino rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  To explore the effects of exposure to lambda cyhalothrin on rats and its mechanism, low (1/40 of LD50, 5 mg/kg/day) and high dose (1/4 of LD50, 50 mg/kg/day) lambda cyhalothrin were applied to rats via drinking water for 3 months. Blood samples were collected monthly, and the animals were dissected for liver and pancreas's examination at the end of the experiment. Lambda cyhalothrin administration was associated with the elevation in lipid peroxidation marker, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduction in SH-protein a major marker for antioxidant, as well as basel paraoxonase (PON) in both treated groups throughout the experimental periods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In addition, significant elevations in liver enzymes alanin amino transferase, (ALT), and aspartate amino transferase (AST), as well as plasma acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glucose level. While, significant reduction in insulin level through the experimental periods. Results of histopathological and histochemical studies showed that lambda cyhalothrin exposure induces liver and pancreatic tissues damage and depletion in glycogen content was pronounced in liver of both treated groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion subchronic intoxication with lambda cyhalothrin formulation induced remarkable changes in the examined parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science for Girls, King Abdulaziz University P.O Box, 51459, Jeddah, 21453, KSA.
authors.forename: Manal Ea
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Elhalwagy
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University PO Box, 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Pesticide Residue and Environmental Pollution, Pesticide Central Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center Giza 12618, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sherif H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Abd-Alrahman
authors.affiliation: Department of Mammalian Toxicology, Pesticide Central Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center Giza 12618, Egypt.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Nahas
authors.affiliation: Department of Mammalian Toxicology, Pesticide Central Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center Giza 12618, Egypt.
authors.forename: Reem M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ziada
authors.affiliation: Bioassay Department, Pesticide Central Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center Giza 12618, Egypt ; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Hail University Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Aziza H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Mohamady
keywords: Pyrethroids; liver enzymes; oxidative stress; pancreatic intoxication