title: Aspirin Suppresses the Growth and Metastasis of Osteosarcoma through the NF-κB Pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aspirin has recently been reported to reduce both the incidence and the risk of metastasis in colon cancer. However, there is no evidence at the cellular levels or in the animal models for such an effect of aspirin on cancer metastasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  MTT assay, colony formation assay, and apoptosis assay were employed to analyze the effects of aspirin on the osteosarcoma cell viability in vitro. The NF-κB activity was measured by the NF-κB p65 luciferase reporter. Western blotting was used to analyze the proteins in cells. The migration and invasion abilities of osteosarcoma cells in vitro were measured by the Transwell assay. Xenograft-bearing mice were used to assess the roles of aspirin in both tumor growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma in vivo (n = 5-8 mice/group). An unpaired Student t test or ANOVA with the Bonferroni post hoc test were used for the statistical comparisons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aspirin reduced cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner in osteosarcoma cell lines, and aspirin synergistically sensitized osteosarcoma cells to cisplatin (DDP) in vitro and in vivo (P < 0.001). Moreover, aspirin markedly repressed the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells in vitro (P < 0.001), and dramatically diminished the occurrence of osteosarcoma xenograft metastases to the lungs in vivo (P < 0.001). Mechanistically, aspirin diminishes osteosarcoma migration, invasion, and metastasis through the NF-κB pathway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aspirin suppresses both the growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma through the NF-κB pathway at the cellular level and in the animal models.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Tingmei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ru-Hua
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Kaishun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiaobin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China. kangtb@sysucc.org.cn.
authors.forename: Tiebang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D001241:Aspirin