title: Carpal Ligament Anatomy and Biomechanics.
abstract: A fundamental understanding of the ligamentous anatomy of the wrist is critical for any physician attempting to treat carpal instability. The anatomy of the wrist is complex, not only because of the number of named structures and their geometry but also because of the inconsistencies in describing these ligaments. The complex anatomy of the wrist is described through a review of the carpal ligaments and their effect on normal carpal motion. Mastery of this topic facilitates the physician's understanding of the patterns of instability that are seen clinically.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 3737 Market Street, 6th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pulos
authors.affiliation: Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 3737 Market Street, 6th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address: david.bozentka@uphs.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bozentka
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D050824:Carpal Joints / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Anatomy; Carpal; Ligaments; Wrist