title: Safety of Exposure From Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields During Prenatal Ultrasound Examinations in Clinicians and Pregnant Women.
abstract: Investigations into the safety of ultrasonography in pregnancy have focused on the potential harm of ultrasound itself. However, no data have been published regarding the electromagnetic fields that ultrasound devices might produce. This study is the first to measure extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) exposure of clinicians and pregnant women during prenatal ultrasound examinations in the examination room from 2 different ultrasound devices and compare them with ELF-MFs during patient consultation in the consulting room.The ELF-MF intensities that clinicians and pregnant women were exposed to were measured every 10 seconds for 40 prenatal ultrasound examinations using Philips iU22 or Accuvix V20 Prestige machines and 20 patient consultations in a consulting room using portable ELF-MF measurement devices. The mean ELF-MF exposure of both clinicians and pregnant women was 0.18 ± 0.06 mG during prenatal ultrasound examination. During patient consultation, the mean ELF-MF exposures of clinicians and pregnant women were 0.10 ± 0.01 and 0.11 ± 0.01 mG, respectively. Mean ELF-MF exposures during prenatal ultrasound examination were significantly higher than those during patient consultations (P < 0.001 by Mann-Whitney U test).Our results provide basic reference data on the ELF-MF exposure of both clinicians and pregnant women during prenatal ultrasound monitoring from 2 different ultrasound devices and patient consultation, all of which were below 2 mG, the most stringent level considered safe in many studies, thus relieving any anxiety of clinicians and pregnant women regarding potential risks of ELF-MFs.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (JSP); Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (JSP, DWK, JWC); Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (DWK, JWC); and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (JK, YWP, HYC).
authors.forename: Jee Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Deok Won
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jai Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Ja-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Yong Won
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hee Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012015:Reference Standards; D056910:Republic of Korea; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards