title: Antiangiogenic Therapies and Extracranial Metastasis in Glioblastoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.
abstract: We present a case report of a patient with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) complicated by extracranial metastasis (ECM) whose survival of nearly four years surpassed the anticipated life expectancy given numerous negative prognostic factors including EGFRvIII-mutation, unmethylated MGMT promoter status, and ECM. Interestingly, while this patient suffered from locally aggressive disease with multiple intracranial recurrences, the proximal cause of death was progressive extracranial disease and complications related to pulmonary metastases. Herein, we review potential mechanisms of ECM with an emphasis upon glioblastoma molecular and genetic profiles and the potential implications of targeted agents such as bevacizumab.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 401 North Broadway, Suite 1440, Baltimore, MD 21231-5678, USA.
authors.forename: Mohamed H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Khattab
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 401 North Broadway, Suite 1440, Baltimore, MD 21231-5678, USA.
authors.forename: Ariel E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Marciscano
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Simon S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 401 North Broadway, Suite 1440, Baltimore, MD 21231-5678, USA ; Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Phipps Room 123, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, 601 N. Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Laterra
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 401 North Broadway, Suite 1440, Baltimore, MD 21231-5678, USA.
authors.forename: Lawrence R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Kleinberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 401 North Broadway, Suite 1440, Baltimore, MD 21231-5678, USA.
authors.forename: Kristin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Redmond