title: Effects of egg storage on hatchability, chick quality, performance and immunocompetence parameters of broiler chickens.
abstract: Pre-incubation egg storage is a necessity for the poultry industry. This study evaluated the effects of pre-incubation storage length of broiler eggs on hatchability, 1-day-old chick quality, subsequent performance, and immunocompetence. To this end, a total of 360 hatching eggs were stored for 4, 12, or 16 d prior to incubation. Hatchability and chick quality were assessed at hatch, and growth performance and immunocompetence parameters were assessed during a 35 d rearing period. Hatchability of set and fertile eggs, and embryonic mortality, were not affected by egg storage. On the contrary, 1-day-old chick BW and length were linearly negatively correlated with egg storage length (P-linear<0.05). Nevertheless, BW corrected for egg weight prior to setting was unaffected, and corrected chick length was positively affected by storage length. One-day-old chick Tona score, navel quality, and post-hatch growth performance (BW at 7 and 35 d, cumulative feed intake, and feed conversion ratio at 35 d) were unaffected by egg storage (P, P-linear>0.05). Lymphoid organ weights at 2 and 35 d, the titre of maternal anti-NDV antibodies, most of the thymocyte subpopulations defined by CD3, CD4, and CD8 cell surface expression in the thymus of 2-d-old chicks, cellular responses to the PHA skin test, humoral responses to primary SRBC, and NDV immunizations were also not influenced by length of storage (P, P-linear>0.05). On the contrary, the length of egg storage was found to negatively influence the abundance of CD3+CD4-CD8- thymocytes that represent the majority of γδ-T cells in the thymus of 2-day-old chicks, as well as the humoral response to booster NDV immunization of the birds. In brief, pre-incubation storage of broiler hatching eggs for up to 16 d did not affect most developmental and growth parameters investigated, except for BW and length at hatch. Egg storage was found to suppress some aspects of the immunocompetence of the birds, particularly aspects of acquired immunity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goliomytis
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Theofania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsipouzian
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece a.hager@aua.gr.
authors.forename: Ariadne L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hager-Theodorides
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000592:standards*; D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D007121:Immunocompetence; D008136:Longevity; D010063:Ovum / Q000502:physiology*; D011897:Random Allocation
keywords: growth performance; hatchability; humoral immune response; immunocompetence; pre-incubation egg storage