title: Contribution of Topological Domains and Loop Formation to 3D Chromatin Organization.
abstract: Recent investigations on 3D chromatin folding revealed that the eukaryote genomes are both highly compartmentalized and extremely dynamic. This review presents the most recent advances in topological domains' organization of the eukaryote genomes and discusses the relationship to chromatin loop formation. CTCF protein appears as a central factor of these two organization levels having either a strong insulating role at TAD borders, or a weaker architectural role in chromatin loop formation. TAD borders directly impact on chromatin dynamics by restricting contacts within specific genomic portions thus confining chromatin loop formation within TADs. We discuss how sub-TAD chromatin dynamics, constrained into a recently described statistical helix conformation, can produce functional interactions by contact stabilization.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR5535, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France. vuthy.ea@igmm.cnrs.fr.
authors.forename: Vuthy
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ea
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR5535, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France. mbaudement@igmm.cnrs.fr.
authors.forename: Marie-Odile
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Baudement
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR5535, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France. annick.lesne@lptmc.jussieu.fr.|Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS UMR 7600, UPMC, Sorbonne Universités, 75252 Paris, France. annick.lesne@lptmc.jussieu.fr.
authors.forename: Annick
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lesne
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR5535, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France. thierry.forne@igmm.cnrs.fr.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Forné
keywords: CTCF; TAD borders; chromatin dynamics; chromatin loops; statistical helix; topological domains