title: Dietary 2-oxoglutarate mitigates gastrectomy-evoked structural changes in cartilage of female rats.
abstract: Gastrectomy (Gx) leads to osteopenia/osteoporosis in humans and animals. However, little is known about the influence of Gx on the cartilage in this regard. Recent studies have demonstrated a protective effect of 2-oxoglutaric acid (2-Ox) on bone and cartilage. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether 2-Ox can mitigate eventual Gx-induced cartilage impairment. Twenty female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to Gx and randomly divided into two groups: Gx + 2-Ox and Gx. Another 20 rats were sham-operated (ShO) and randomly divided into two groups: ShO + 2-Ox and ShO. The daily dose of 2-Ox administered to the rats in the drinking water was 0.43 g per 100 g rat. After eight weeks, rats were euthanized and femora and tibiae were collected. Histology and histomorphometry analyses of the articular cartilage and the growth plate were done. Gx resulted in a 32% (±44.5 femur, ±35.8 tibia) decrease in overall thickness of articular cartilage in both bones (femur: ShO 279.1 ± 48.5 vs. Gx 190.2 ± 38.4 µm, tibia: ShO 222.9 ± 50.3 µm vs. Gx 151.3 ± 52.6 µm) (in some zones up to 58 ± 28.0%), and in the growth plate up to 20% (±22.4) (femur: ShO 243.0 ± 34.0 vs. Gx 207.0 ± 33.7 µm, tibia: ShO 220.0 ± 24.6 µm vs. Gx 171.1 ± 16.1 µm). Gx altered the spatial distribution of thick and thin collagen fibers, and chondrocyte shape and size. 2-Ox administration prevented the reduction in both cartilages thickness (Gx + 2-Ox: articular cartilage 265.2 ± 53.8 µm, 235.6 ± 42.7 µm, growth plate 236.7 ± 39.2 µm, 191.3 ± 16.5 µm in femur and tibia, respectively), and abolished the spatial changes in collagen distribution and structure induced by Gx. Gx affects cartilage structure and thickness, however, 2-Ox administration mitigates these effects and showed protective and stimulatory properties. Our observations suggest that dietary 2-Ox can be used to offset some of the changes in hyaline cartilage, in particular articular cartilage, following bariatric surgeries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Anatomy and Anthropology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland piotr.dobrowolski@umcs.lublin.pl.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dobrowolski
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tomaszewska
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Anatomy and Anthropology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kurlak
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Agricultural Medicine in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Stefan G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Pierzynowski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002356:Cartilage / Q000473:pathology; D002357:Cartilage Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004032:Diet / Q000379:methods*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids
keywords: 2-oxoglutaric acid; Histology; development; gastrectomy; histomorphometry; skeleton