title: TNF-α, TNF-β and IL-10 gene polymorphism and association with oral lichen planus risk in Saudi patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory oral mucosal disease. Cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis and disease progression of OLP. Various reports have implicated cytokine gene polymorphisms in susceptibility to develop some immune mediated conditions including OLP. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, TNF-β and interleukin (IL)-10 gene polymorphisms with the OLP risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty two unrelated patients with OLP and 211 healthy volunteers were genotyped for TNF-α (-308 G/A), TNF-β (+252A/G), IL-10 (-1082G/A), IL-10 (-819C/T), and IL-10 (-592C/A) polymorphisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequencies of allele A and genotype GA of TNF-α (-308G/A) were significantly higher while allele G and GG genotypes were lower in OLP patients as compared to the controls (P<0.001). The frequency of GA genotype of TNF-β (+252A/G) was significantly higher in patients than in controls while the AA genotype was completely absent in OLP patients. These results indicated that allele A and genotype GA of TNF-α (-308G/A) as well as the GA genotype of TNF-β (+252A/G) polymorphisms are associated with OLP risk. The frequencies of alleles and genotypes of -1082G/A, -819C/T and -592C/A polymorphisms in IL-10 gene did not differ significantly between OLP patients and controls (P>0.05). However, haplotype ATA extracted from 1082G/A, -819C/T, -592C/A polymorphisms of IL-10 were more prevalent in OLP patients when compared to controls indicating its possible association with OLP susceptibility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that TNF-α (-308G/A), TNF-β (+252A/G) and IL-10 (-1082G/A, -819C/T and -592C/A) polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility of OLP, thus giving additional support for the genetic basis of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Maha Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Al-Mohaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Fahad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Al-Harthi
authors.affiliation: Research Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Misbahul
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arfin
authors.affiliation: Research Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdulrahman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Asmari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics*; D017676:Lichen Planus, Oral / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D012737:Sex Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10