title: Improved in vivo performance of amperometric oxygen (PO2) sensing catheters via electrochemical nitric oxide generation/release.
abstract: A novel electrochemically controlled release method for nitric oxide (NO) (based on electrochemical reduction of nitrite ions) is combined with an amperometric oxygen sensor within a dual lumen catheter configuration for the continuous in vivo sensing of the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in blood. The on-demand electrochemical NO generation/release method is shown to be fully compatible with amperometric PO2 sensing. The performance of the sensors is evaluated in rabbit veins and pig arteries for 7 and 21 h, respectively. Overall, the NO releasing sensors measure both venous and arterial PO2 values more accurately with an average deviation of -2 ± 11% and good correlation (R(2) = 0.97) with in vitro blood measurements, whereas the corresponding control sensors without NO release show an average deviation of -31 ± 28% and poor correlation (R(2) = 0.43) at time points >4 h after implantation in veins and >6 h in arteries. The NO releasing sensors induce less thrombus formation on the catheter surface in both veins and arteries (p < 0.05). This electrochemical NO generation/release method could offer a new and attractive means to improve the biocompatibility and performance of implantable chemical sensors.
authors.affiliation: †Departments of Chemistry and ‡Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: †Departments of Chemistry and ‡Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States.
authors.forename: Megan A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Coughlin
authors.affiliation: †Departments of Chemistry and ‡Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States.
authors.forename: Terry C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Major
authors.affiliation: †Departments of Chemistry and ‡Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aiello
authors.affiliation: †Departments of Chemistry and ‡Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States.
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rojas Pena
authors.affiliation: †Departments of Chemistry and ‡Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States.
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.affiliation: †Departments of Chemistry and ‡Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States.
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Meyerhoff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000639:trends; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis*; D011817:Rabbits; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010100:Oxygen