title: High incidence and increasing prevalence of multiple sclerosis in British Columbia, Canada: findings from over two decades (1991-2010).
abstract: Province-wide population-based administrative health data from British Columbia (BC), Canada (population: approximately 4.5 million) were used to estimate the incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and examine potential trends over time. All BC residents meeting validated health administrative case definitions for MS were identified using hospital, physician, death, and health registration files. Estimates of annual prevalence (1991-2008), and incidence (1996-2008; allowing a 5-year disease-free run-in period) were age and sex standardized to the 2001 Canadian population. Changes over time in incidence, prevalence and sex ratios were examined using Poisson and log-binomial regression. The incidence rate was stable [average: 7.8/100,000 (95 % CI 7.6, 8.1)], while the female: male ratio decreased (p = 0.045) but remained at or above 2 for all years (average 2.8:1). From 1991-2008, MS prevalence increased by 4.7 % on average per year (p < 0.001) from 78.8/100,000 (95 % CI 75.7, 82.0) to 179.9/100,000 (95 % CI 176.0, 183.8), the sex prevalence ratio increased from 2.27 to 2.78 (p < 0.001) and the peak prevalence age range increased from 45-49 to 55-59 years. MS incidence and prevalence in BC are among the highest in the world. Neither the incidence nor the incidence sex ratio increased over time. However, the prevalence and prevalence sex ratio increased significantly during the 18-year period, which may be explained by the increased peak prevalence age of MS, longer survival with MS and the greater life expectancy of women compared to men.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine (Neurology), UBC Hospital, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada. elainejk@mail.ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kingwell
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine (Neurology), UBC Hospital, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Departments of Internal Medicine & Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
authors.forename: Ruth Ann
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Marrie
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Fisk
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wolfson
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Profetto-McGrath
authors.affiliation: Surveillance and Assessment Branch, Alberta Health, Government of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Lawrence W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Svenson
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Community Health Sciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and O'Brien Institute for Population Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jette
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Neurology), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
authors.forename: Virender
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
authors.forename: B Nancy
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Departments of Community Health Sciences and Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine (Neurology), UBC Hospital, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tremlett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001955:British Columbia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence
keywords: Administrative health data; Epidemiology; Incidence; Multiple sclerosis; Prevalence; Sex ratio