title: Urinary expression of acute kidney injury biomarkers in patients after RIRS: it is a prospective, controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluated the damage effects of retrograde intra-renal surgery (RIRS) on kidney tissue by measuring kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), liver-type fatty acid binding protein (LFABP) expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled thirty consecutive patients (Group 1) who underwent RIRS that presented with renal calculi size < 2 cm. Forty-seven control patients (Group 2) with no signs or symptoms of urogenital disease were also enrolled for this study. Patients urine KIM-1, NGAL, NAG, and LFABP and creatinine levels were determined before the surgery, 2 hours after the surgery, and 24 hours after the surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Demographic data were established and found to be similar between the two groups. Two hours after the surgery KIM-1/Cr and NGAL/Cr levels had increased significantly in urine compared to levels before the surgery (P:0.04, P:0.02 respectively) and decreased 24 hours after the surgery. The NAG/Cr and LFABP/Cr levels did not change significantly after the surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to acute kidney injury (AKI) markers, this study is suggests that RIRS is a safe method , KIM-1/Cr and NGAL/Cr levels were increased first 2 hours but returned to initial levels within 24 hours after the surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Dicle University School of Medicine Dıyarbakır, Turkey.
authors.forename: Onur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dede
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Dicle University School of Medicine Dıyarbakır, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mansur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dağguli
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Dicle University School of Medicine Dıyarbakır, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mazhar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Utanğaç
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Dicle University School of Medicine Dıyarbakır, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuksel
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Dicle University School of Medicine Dıyarbakır, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Nuri
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Bodakcı
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Dicle University School of Medicine Dıyarbakır, Turkey.
authors.forename: Namık Kemal
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Hatipoğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Dicle University School of Medicine Dıyarbakır, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sancaktutar
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Dicle University School of Medicine Dıyarbakır, Turkey.
authors.forename: Necmettin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Penbegül
keywords: N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase; Retrograde intra-renal surgery; acute kidney injury; kidney injury molecule-1; neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin