title: Diagnostic imaging of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia based on hematoxylin and eosin fluorescence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pathological classification of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is problematic as it relies on subjective criteria. We developed an imaging method that uses spectroscopy to assess the fluorescent intensity of cervical biopsies derived directly from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Archived H&E slides were identified containing normal cervical tissue, CIN I, and CIN III cases, from a Community Hospital and an Academic Medical Center. Cases were obtained by consensus review of at least 2 senior pathologists. Images from H&E slides were captured first with bright field illumination and then with fluorescent illumination. We used a Zeiss Axio Observer Z1 microscope and an AxioVision 4.6.3-AP1 camera at excitation wavelength of 450-490 nm with emission captured at 515-565 nm. The 32-bit grayscale fluorescence images were used for image analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We reviewed 108 slides: 46 normal, 33 CIN I and 29 CIN III. Fluorescent intensity increased progressively in normal epithelial tissue as cells matured and advanced from the basal to superficial regions of the epithelium. In CIN I cases this change was less prominent as compared to normal. In high grade CIN lesions, there was a slight or no increase in fluorescent intensity. All groups examined were statistically different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Presently, there are no markers to help in classification of CIN I-III lesions. Our imaging method may complement standard H&E pathological review and provide objective criteria to support the CIN diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Women's Health, Staten Island University Hospital, 475 Seaview Ave, Staten Island, NY, 10305, USA. Mario_md@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mario R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Castellanos
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, 475 Seaview Ave, Staten Island, NY, 10305, USA.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szerszen
authors.affiliation: Electrical Engineering Doctoral Program, City College of New York, The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gundry
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Edyta C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Pirog
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Staten Island University Hospital, 475 Seaview Ave, Staten Island, NY, 10305, USA.
authors.forename: Mitchell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maiman
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Women's Health, Staten Island University Hospital, 475 Seaview Ave, Staten Island, NY, 10305, USA.
authors.forename: Sritha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajupet
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Women's Health, Staten Island University Hospital, 475 Seaview Ave, Staten Island, NY, 10305, USA.
authors.forename: John Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Staten Island University Hospital, 475 Seaview Ave, Staten Island, NY, 10305, USA.
authors.forename: Adi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Davidov
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, 2800 Victory Blvd., Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA.
authors.forename: Priya Ranjan
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Debata
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, 2800 Victory Blvd., Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA.
authors.forename: Probal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, College of Staten Island, 2800 Victory Blvd., Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA. jimmie.fata@csi.cuny.edu.
authors.forename: Jimmie E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Fata
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003581:Cytodiagnosis / Q000379:methods; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS); D005260:Female; D006416:Hematoxylin; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS); D006416:Hematoxylin