title: Parental Body Mass Index, Gestational Weight Gain, and Risk of Macrosomia: a Population-Based Case-Control Study in China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of macrosomia has risen markedly worldwide, including in China, during the past two decades. Few epidemiological studies, however, have investigated the risk factors for macrosomia in China. This study was designed to investigate the associations between parental anthropometric characteristics, gestational weight gain (GWG), and risk of macrosomia in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  This population-based, case-control study in Wuhan, China, included a total of 6341 subjects (870 cases and 5471 controls). Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mothers or fathers who were overweight or obese before pregnancy had an elevated risk of giving birth to a macrosomic infant compared with their normal weight counterparts. Women with GWG above the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendation had an adjusted OR of 6.09 [95% CI 5.04, 7.35] for delivering a macrosomic infant compared with women who had GWG within the IOM recommendation. When stratified by maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), women who were underweight or normal weight before pregnancy were observed to have a higher risk of macrosomia birth associated with greater GWG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parental pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and excessive GWG during pregnancy were highly associated with macrosomia. The association with GWG was most pronounced in mothers who had a normal or underweight pre-pregnancy BMI. Weight control efforts before pregnancy for mothers and fathers as well as control of maternal gain during pregnancy may reduce the risk of macrosomia.
authors.affiliation: Healthcare Department, Wuhan Women and Children Medical and Healthcare Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Shaoping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Healthcare Department, Wuhan Women and Children Medical and Healthcare Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Aifen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Healthcare Department, Wuhan Women and Children Medical and Healthcare Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Healthcare Department, Wuhan Women and Children Medical and Healthcare Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT.
authors.forename: Bryan A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Bassig
authors.affiliation: Healthcare Department, Wuhan Women and Children Medical and Healthcare Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Ronghua
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Healthcare Department, Wuhan Women and Children Medical and Healthcare Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Healthcare Department, Wuhan Women and Children Medical and Healthcare Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Healthcare Department, Wuhan Women and Children Medical and Healthcare Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Yaqi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Healthcare Department, Wuhan Women and Children Medical and Healthcare Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO.
authors.forename: Zhengmin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO.
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Trevathan
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Flick
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Shunqing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Youjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT.
authors.forename: Tongzhang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Healthcare Department, Wuhan Women and Children Medical and Healthcare Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005320:Fetal Macrosomia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D062486:Public Health Surveillance; D013851:Thinness / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015430:Weight Gain
keywords: China; body mass index; gestational weight gain; macrosomia