title: Coupling spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques for evaluation of the depositional history of hydrocarbons in a subtropical estuary.
abstract: Spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques can be used together to evaluate hydrocarbon inputs to coastal environments such as the Paranaguá estuarine system (PES), located in the SW Atlantic, Brazil. Historical inputs of aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed using two sediment cores from the PES. The AHs were related to the presence of biogenic organic matter and degraded oil residues. The PAHs were associated with mixed sources. The highest hydrocarbon concentrations were related to oil spills, while relatively low levels could be attributed to the decrease in oil usage during the global oil crisis. The results of electron paramagnetic resonance were in agreement with the absolute AHs and PAHs concentrations measured by chromatographic techniques, while near-infrared spectroscopy results were consistent with unresolved complex mixture (UCM)/total n-alkanes ratios. These findings suggest that the use of a combination of techniques can increase the accuracy of assessment of contamination in sediments.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos (PGSISCO), Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19.001, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: ccmart@ufpr.br.
authors.forename: César C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19032, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marta E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Doumer
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos (PGSISCO), Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wellington C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Gallice
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos (PGSISCO), Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Lúcia L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Dauner
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos (PGSISCO), Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Caroline
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Cabral
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19.001, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos (PGSISCO), Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Natiely N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Dolci
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos (PGSISCO), Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luana M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.affiliation: Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo A L
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rubens C L
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Figueira
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19032, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19032, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia: Energia & Ambiente, 40170-290, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Mangrich
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D063366:Estuaries; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D006838:Hydrocarbons; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Chromatographic techniques; Paranaguá estuarine system; Petroleum hydrocarbons; SW Atlantic; Sediment cores; Spectroscopic techniques