title: Plasma cytokine expression after lower-limb compression in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Muscle injury due to crushing (muscle compression injury) is associated with systemic manifestations known as crush syndrome. A systemic inflammatory reaction may also be triggered by isolated muscle injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the plasma levels of interleukins (IL) 1, 6 and 10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), which are markers for possible systemic inflammatory reactions, after isolated muscle injury resulting from lower-limb compression in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were subjected to 1 h of compression of their lower limbs by means of a rubber band. The plasma levels of IL 1, 6 and 10 and TNF-α were measured 1, 2 and 4 h after the rats were released from compression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The plasma levels of IL 10 decreased in relation to those of the other groups, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). The method used did not detect the presence of IL 1, IL 6 or TNF-α.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrated that the changes in plasma levels of IL 10 that were found may have been a sign of the presence of circulating interleukins in this model of lower-limb compression in rats.
authors.affiliation: Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mauricio Wanderley Moral
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Sgarbi
authors.affiliation: Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bomfim Alves
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Silva Júnior
authors.affiliation: Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carmem Maldonado
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Peres
authors.affiliation: Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiana Carolina Alba
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Loureiro
authors.affiliation: Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Curi
authors.affiliation: Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco Garcia
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Soriano
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel Araki
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Irineu Tadeu
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Velasco
keywords: Animal models; Crush syndrome; Interleukins; Tumor necrosis factor α