title: Properties of electrically evoked potentials activated by optic nerve stimulation with penetrating electrodes of different modes in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of different stimulation modes on cortical electrically evoked potentials (EEPs) by intraorbital optic nerve (ON) stimulation with penetrating electrodes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A stimulating electrode array with three electrodes arranged linearly was inserted into the ON along its axis. EEPs were recorded using a 4 × 4 silver-ball electrode array in response to monopolar and bipolar stimulation mode, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The simultaneous monopolar stimulation mode had a lower threshold than the individual monopolar stimulation mode, but elicited smaller cortical response when a fixed charge was injected. The threshold of the bipolar stimulation mode was comparable to that of individual monopolar stimulation mode. The response to the smaller spacing (150 μm) bipolar stimulation mode was similar in amplitude to that of the individual monopolar stimulation mode, but spread wider. The larger spacing (500 μm) bipolar stimulation mode elicited stronger and wider response than the individual monopolar stimulation mode. For the individual monopolar stimulation mode, stimulation with different electrodes can be differentiated even when the spacing of the two electrodes was 150 μm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For ON stimulation with penetrating electrodes, the monopolar stimulation mode could induce more localized cortical responses than the bipolar stimulation mode with comparable threshold and had a high stimulation selectivity. These findings may provide valuable information for the design of stimulation strategy of the penetrative ON visual prosthesis.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China.
authors.forename: Pengjia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China.
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China.
authors.forename: Xinyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, First People's Hospital Affiliated of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.|Shanghai Eye Research Institute, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qiushi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China. lilm@sjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011817:Rabbits; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D057488:Visual Prosthesis
keywords: EEPs; Electrical stimulation; Optic nerve; Rabbits; Visual prosthesis