title: Cooperative interaction of antimicrobial peptides with the interrelated immune pathways in plants.
abstract: Plants express a diverse repertoire of functionally and structurally distinct antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) which provide innate immunity by acting directly against a wide range of pathogens. AMPs are expressed in nearly all plant organs, either constitutively or in response to microbial infections. In addition to their direct activity, they also contribute to plant immunity by modulating defence responses resulting from pathogen-associated molecular pattern/effector-triggered immunity, and also interact with other AMPs and pathways involving mitogen-activated protein kinases, reactive oxygen species, hormonal cross-talk and sugar signalling. Such links among AMPs and defence signalling pathways are poorly understood and there is no clear model for their interactions. This article provides a critical review of the empirical data to shed light on the wider role of AMPs in the robust and resource-effective defence responses of plants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Winchester Strasse 2, Giessen, D-35394, Germany.|Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Giessen, D-35392, Germany.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bolouri Moghaddam
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Winchester Strasse 2, Giessen, D-35394, Germany.|Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Giessen, D-35392, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vilcinskas
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Winchester Strasse 2, Giessen, D-35394, Germany.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahnamaeian
mesh_terms: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism; D057865:Plant Immunity; D010944:Plants / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: PTI/ETI; antimicrobial peptides; hormonal cross-talk; plant immunity; sugar signalling