title: Short-range inversions: rethinking organelle genome stability: template switching events during DNA replication destabilize organelle genomes.
abstract: In the organelles of plants and mammals, recent evidence suggests that genomic instability stems in large part from template switching events taking place during DNA replication. Although more than one mechanism may be responsible for this, some similarities exist between the different proposed models. These can be separated into two main categories, depending on whether they involve a single-strand-switching or a reciprocal-strand-switching event. Single-strand-switching events lead to intermediates containing Y junctions, whereas reciprocal-strand-switching creates Holliday junctions. Common features in all the described models include replication stress, fork stalling and the presence of inverted repeats, but no single element appears to be required in all cases. We review the field, and examine the ideas that several mechanisms may take place in any given genome, and that the presence of palindromes or inverted repeats in certain regions may favor specific rearrangements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Universit, é, de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tremblay-Belzile
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Universit, é, de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Étienne
authors.initials: É
authors.lastname: Lepage
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Universit, é, de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Éric
authors.initials: É
authors.lastname: Zampini
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Universit, é, de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Normand
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brisson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000502:physiology*; D042822:Genomic Instability / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D015388:Organelles / Q000235:genetics*; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D057345:Sequence Inversion / Q000502:physiology*; D013698:Templates, Genetic
keywords: U-turn; genome instability; genome rearrangements; inversions; inverted repeats; mitochondrion; plastid