title: In vitro antioxidant, collagenase inhibition, and in vivo anti-wrinkle effects of combined formulation containing Punica granatum, Ginkgo biloba, Ficus carica, and Morus alba fruits extract.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In phytotherapy, the therapeutic potential is based on the combined action of different herbal drugs. Our objective was to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-collagenase (in vitro), and anti-wrinkle (in vivo) effect of combined formulation containing Ginkgo biloba, Punica granatum, Ficus carica, and Morus alba fruits extract.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antioxidant evaluation was based on the scavenging activity of free radicals (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, H2O2, and O2 (-)) and the anti-collagenase activity was based on the reduction of collagenase enzyme in vitro. In an in vivo study, 21 female subjects were examined in a placebo-controlled trail. Facial wrinkle, especially the crow's feet region of eyes, was treated with topical formulated 2% cream for 56 days and compared with the placebo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the in vitro study, the combination of fruits extract showed a higher antioxidant activity which was comparable with the positive standard (ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyanisole, and Trolox). The data also showed a dose-dependent inhibition of collagenase. In the in vivo study, treatment with 2% formulated cream for 56 days significantly reduced the percentage of wrinkle depth, length, and area with 11.5, 10.07, and 29.55, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined formulation of fruit extracts showed excellent antioxidative and anti-collagenase activity as well as a significant effect on anti-wrinkle activity on human skin.
authors.affiliation: R&D Center, Natural Solution Co., Ltd, Gojan-dong, Namdong-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Amal Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ghimeray
authors.affiliation: R&D Center, Natural Solution Co., Ltd, Gojan-dong, Namdong-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea ; Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Un Sun
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: R&D Center, Natural Solution Co., Ltd, Gojan-dong, Namdong-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ha Youn
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: R&D Center, Natural Solution Co., Ltd, Gojan-dong, Namdong-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Hoon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: R&D Center, Natural Solution Co., Ltd, Gojan-dong, Namdong-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Kyung
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: R&D Center, Natural Solution Co., Ltd, Gojan-dong, Namdong-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Moon Sik
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Chang
keywords: anti-collagenase; anti-wrinkle; antioxidant; fruits; topical formulation