title: Energy contribution from non-breastmilk items in low-income Guatemalan infants in their sixth month of life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the nature and energy contribution of complementary feeding in breastfed infants in their sixth month of life, and the prevalence of the use of bottles as a delivery method.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 156 breastfeeding infants at a health clinic in metropolitan Quetzaltenango, Guatemala. A previous-day recall was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty nine mothers (44%) reported offering items other than breastmilk. The median contribution of energy from complementary foods among infants with mixed feeding (n=66) was 197 kcal/day (interquartile range [IQR] 49-353). The median energy contribution of formula or cow's milk among consumers (n=39) was 212 kcal/day (IQR 84-394). Bottles were used on the previous day by 55 (80%) of the 69 mothers not offering exclusive breastfeeding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Premature introduction of non-breastmilk items is commonly practiced in feeding Guatemalan infants. Adherence to the internationally recognized guidelines for early infant feeding should be an intervention priority for this population.
authors.affiliation: Center for Studies of Sensory Impairment, Aging and Metabolism, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala.
authors.forename: Marieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vossenaar
authors.affiliation: Center for Studies of Sensory Impairment, Aging and Metabolism, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala.
authors.forename: Jeniece
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alvey
authors.affiliation: Center for Studies of Sensory Impairment, Aging and Metabolism, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala.
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: van Beusekom
authors.affiliation: Faculteit der aard-en levenswetenschappen, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Países Bajos.
authors.forename: Colleen M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Doak
authors.affiliation: Center for Studies of Sensory Impairment, Aging and Metabolism, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala.
authors.forename: Noel W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Solomons
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001903:Bottle Feeding / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002417:Cattle; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D002149:Energy Intake; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006166:Guatemala; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult