title: Protein-Based Three-Dimensional Whispering-Gallery-Mode Micro-Lasers with Stimulus-Responsiveness.
abstract: For the first time, proteins, a promising biocompatible and functionality-designable biomacromolecule material, acted as the host material to construct three-dimensional (3D) whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microlasers by multiphoton femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW). Protein/Rhodamine B (RhB) composite biopolymer was used as optical gain medium innovatively. By adopting high-viscosity aqueous protein ink and optimized scanning mode, protein-based WGM microlasers were customized with exquisite true 3D geometry and smooth morphology. Comparable to previously reported artificial polymers, protein-based WGM microlasers here were endowed with valuable performances including steady operation in air and even in aqueous environments, and a higher quality value (Q) of several thousands (without annealing). Due to the "smart" feature of protein hydrogel, lasing spectrum was responsively adjusted by step of ~0.4 nm blueshift per 0.83-mmol/L Na2SO4 concentration change (0 ~ 5-mmol/L in total leading to ~2.59-nm blueshift). Importantly, other performances including Q, FWHM, FSR, peak intensities, exhibited good stability during adjustments. So, these protein-based 3D WGM microlasers might have potential in applications like optical biosensing and tunable "smart" biolasers, useful in novel photonic biosystems and bioengineering.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012,China.
authors.forename: Yun-Lu
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Physics, Jilin University, 119 Jiefang Road, Changchun, 130023, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Shan
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012,China.
authors.forename: Si-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012,China.
authors.forename: Bo-Yuan
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012,China.
authors.forename: Jin-Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ku
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012,China.
authors.forename: Wen-Fei
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012,China.
authors.forename: Qi-Dai
authors.initials: QD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: 1] State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012,China [2] College of Physics, Jilin University, 119 Jiefang Road, Changchun, 130023, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Bo
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Sun