title: Antifungal activity against Candida albicans of starch Pickering emulsion with thymol or amphotericin B in suspension and calcium alginate films.
abstract: Conventional antifungal treatments against Candida albicans in the oral cavity often result in increased cytotoxicity. The goal of this study was to determine the potential of starch Pickering emulsion as a delivery vehicle for an antifungal natural phenolic compound such as thymol in simulated saliva fluid (SSF) compared to amphotericin B. An oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion was stabilized using starch particles. Physical stability of the emulsion and disruption induced by α-amylase activity in SSF was evaluated. Encapsulated thymol in o/w emulsion was compared to encapsulated amphotericin B for antifungal activity against C. albicans in suspension using emulsions or zone inhibition assay on agar plates using emulsions dispersed in alginate films. Results showed that the emulsions were stable for at least three weeks. Digestion of the emulsion by α-amylase led to coalescence of emulsion droplets. The antifungal activity of thymol and amphotericin B in emulsion formulation was enhanced upon incubation with α-amylase. Results from the zone inhibition assay demonstrated efficacy of the emulsions dispersed in alginate films. Interestingly, addition of α-amylase to the alginate films resulted in a decreased inhibitory effect. Overall, this study showed that starch Pickering emulsions have a potential to deliver hydrophobic antifungal compounds to treat oral candidiasis.
authors.affiliation: Food Science and Technology Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cossu
authors.affiliation: Food Science and Technology Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Min S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Food Science and Technology Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Amol
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaudhari
authors.affiliation: Food Science and Technology Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Electronic address: nnitin@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: Nitin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nitin
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004655:Emulsions; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D013213:Starch / Q000737:chemistry; D013535:Suspensions; D013943:Thymol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004655:Emulsions; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D013535:Suspensions; D013943:Thymol; D000666:Amphotericin B; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D013213:Starch; D000516:alpha-Amylases
keywords: Alginate film; Antifungal compound; Candida albicans; Controlled-release; Pickering emulsion