title: Efficacy of Two Common Methods of Application of Residual Insecticide for Controlling the Asian Tiger Mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse), in Urban Areas.
abstract: After its first introduction in the 1980's the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse), has spread throughout Southern Europe. Ae. albopictus is considered an epidemiologically important vector for the transmission of many viral pathogens such as the yellow fever virus, dengue fever and Chikungunya fever, as well as several filarial nematodes such as Dirofilaria immitis or D. repens. It is therefore crucial to develop measures to reduce the risks of disease transmission by controlling the vector populations. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of two application techniques (mist vs. stretcher sprayer) and two insecticides (Etox based on the nonester pyrethroid Etofenprox vs. Microsin based on the pyrethroid type II Cypermetrin) in controlling adult tiger mosquito populations in highly populated areas. To test the effect of the two treatments pre- and post-treatment human landing rate counts were conducted for two years. After one day from the treatment we observed a 100% population decrease in mosquito abundance with both application methods and both insecticides. However, seven and 14 days after the application the stretcher sprayer showed larger population reductions than the mist sprayer. No effect of insecticide type after one day and 14 days was found, while Etox caused slightly higher population reduction than Microsin after seven days. Emergency measures to locally reduce the vector populations should adopt adulticide treatments using stretcher sprayers. However, more research is still needed to evaluate the potential negative effects of adulticide applications on non-target organisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, & Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marini
authors.affiliation: INDIA srl, Arre (PD), Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baseggio
authors.affiliation: Entostudio snc, Brugine (PD), Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Drago
authors.affiliation: Entostudio snc, Brugine (PD), Italy.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.affiliation: ACTIVA srl, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Manella
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immuno-mediated Diseases, Vector-Borne Diseases and International Health Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanitaà (ISS), Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romi
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, & Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mazzon
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes; D000818:Animals; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D007306:Insecticides; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide; D011722:Pyrethrins
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; C076840:ethofenprox; C017160:cypermethrin; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide; C009424:tetramethrin