title: High-intensity Exercise Modifies the Effects of Stanozolol on Brain Oxidative Stress in Rats.
abstract: We analyzed the effects of high-intensity exercise (HIE) and anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) on brain redox status. 40 male Wistar rats were randomly distributed in 4 experimental groups (n=10) with or without HIE and with or without weekly Stanozolol administration. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs) and protein carbonyl content (PCC) were assessed. Total superoxide dismutase (tSOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured. Finally, protein expression levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, Quinone 1 (NQO1), NF-E2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nuclear factor kappa β p65 (NF-κβ) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 were determined. Brain PCC concentrations were lower in the HIE groups compared to the untrained controls, whereas CAT activity was higher (both, p<0.01). Both HIE and AAS groups exhibited higher expression levels of GFAP and GPx, but lower NQO1 levels (all, p<0.05). There were increased expression levels of NF-κβ in the AAS groups (p<0.01). In addition, there was increased expression of Nrf2 in the HIE groups (p<0.001). HIE*AAS interactions were found on TBARs content and GFAP expression, with HIE downregulating and upregulating AAS-mediated increases in TBARs and GFAP, respectively (p<0.05). Overall, HIE appeared to reduce the AAS-mediated negative effect on brain redox status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Camiletti-Moirón
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Aparicio
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nebot
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kapravelou
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Porres
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: López-Jurado
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aranda
mesh_terms: D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004435:Eating; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000379:methods*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013197:Stanozolol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D013197:Stanozolol