title: Translation and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Leeds Attitudes to Concordance II scale.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Concordance is characterised as a negotiation-like health communication approach based on an equal and collaborative partnership between patients and health professionals. The Leeds Attitudes to Concordance II (LATCon II) scale was developed to measure the attitudes towards concordance. The purpose of this study was to translate the LATCon II into Chinese and psychometrically test the Chinese version of LATCon II (C-LATCon II).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved three phases: i) translation and cross-cultural adaptation; ii) pilot study; and iii) a cross-sectional survey (n = 366). Systematic random sampling was used to recruit hypertensive patients from nine communities covering around 78,000 residents in China. Tests of psychometric properties included content validity, construct validity, criteria-related validity (correlation between the C-LATCon II and the Therapeutic Adherence Scale for Hypertensive Patients (TASHP)), internal reliability, and test-retest reliability (n = 30).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study found that the C-LATCon II had a satisfactory content validity (item-level Content Validity Index (CVI) = 0.83-1, scale-level CVI/universal agreement = 0.89, and scale-level CVI/averaging calculation = 0.98), construct validity (four components extracted explained 56.66 % of the total variance), internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha of overall scale and four components was 0.78 and 0.66-0.84, respectively), and test-retest reliability (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.82, p < 0.001; interclass correlation coefficient = 0.82, p < 0.001; linear weighted kappa statistic for each item = 0.40-0.65, p < 0.05). Criteria-related validity showed a weak association (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.11, p < 0.05) between patients' attitudes towards concordance during health communication and their health behaviours for hypertension management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The C-LATCon II is a validated and reliable instrument which can be used to evaluate the attitudes to concordance in Chinese populations. Four components (health professionals' attitudes, partnership between two parties, therapeutic decision making, and patients' involvement) describe the attitudes towards concordance during health communication.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Nantong University, No. 19 Qixiu Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China, 226001. zhangsteven@163.com.|School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Rd, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia, 4059. zhangsteven@163.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Rd, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia, 4059.|Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia, 4059.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonner
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Rd, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia, 4059.
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001290:Attitude; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D058015:Health Communication; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014175:Translating