title: Comparative pharmacokinetics of the main compounds of Shanzhuyu extract after oral administration in normal and chronic kidney disease rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pharmacokinetic studies on traditional Chinese medicine are useful to evaluate and predict the drug efficacy and safety. The renal impairment may affect drug clearance and other pharmacokinetic processes which can increase toxicity and drug to drug interactions or cause ineffective therapy. Pharmacokinetic studies in pathological status rats might be meaningful for revealing the action mechanism and improving clinical medication of the herb medicine.
  
  
  METHODS
  A highly sensitive and rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) method with multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was developed and validated for simultaneous quantitation of morroniside and loganin in normal and doxorubicin-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) rat plasma after oral administration of Shanzhuyu (fruit of Cornus officinalis) extract.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both calibration curves gave satisfactory linearity (r>0.99) at linear range of 1.96-1962.5ngmL(-1) for morroniside, 1.53-1531.25ngmL(-1) for loganin. The precision and accuracy of the in vivo study were assessed by intra-day and inter-day assays. The percentages of relative standard deviation (RSD) were all within 9.58% and the accuracy (RE) was in the -6.02% to 8.11% range. The extraction recoveries of morroniside, loganin and internal standard (IS) were all >67.62% and the matrix effects ranged from 95.07% to 102.75%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pharmacokinetic behavior of morroniside and loganin in normal and CKD rat plasma was determined in this paper. The significant different pharmacokinetic parameters might partly result from the changes of P-glycoprotein and metabolic enzymes in the pathological state. The pharmacokinetic research in the pathological state might provide more useful information to guide the clinical usage of the herb medicine.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
authors.forename: Dawei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
authors.forename: Er-xin
authors.initials: EX
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China. Electronic address: jiangshu2000@163.com.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
authors.forename: Jianming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
authors.forename: Shu-lan
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China. Electronic address: dja@njutcm.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jin-ao
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
authors.forename: Leyue
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
authors.forename: Jinhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tao
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D029768:Cornus; D005638:Fruit; D006027:Glycosides / Q000097:blood; D039823:Iridoids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D006027:Glycosides; D039823:Iridoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; C488401:morroniside; C059516:loganin
keywords: Chronic kidney disease; Loganin; Morroniside; Pharmacokinetic study; Shanzhuyu extract; UPLC–MS