title: Ultrasound-assisted extraction method for the simultaneous determination of emerging contaminants in freshwater sediments.
abstract: Sediments are the fate of several emerging organic contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products and hormones, and therefore an important subject in environmental monitoring studies. In the present work, a simple and sensitive method was developed, validated and applied for the simultaneous extraction of atenolol, caffeine, carbamazepine, diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, propranolol, triclosan, estrone, 17-β-estradiol and 17-α-ethinylestradiol using ultrasound-assisted extraction from freshwater sediment samples followed by solid-phase extraction clean-up and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection. The solvent type and extraction pH were evaluated to obtain the highest recoveries of the compounds. The best method shows absolute recoveries between 54.0 and 94.4% at 50 ng/g concentration. The method exhibits good precision with relative standard deviation ranging from 1.0-16%. The detection and quantification limits ranged from 0.006-0.067 and 0.016-0.336 ng/g, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to freshwater sediment samples collected from different sites in Jundiaí River basin of São Paulo State, Brazil. The compounds atenolol, caffeine, propranolol and triclosan were detected in all the sampling sites with concentrations of 13.8, 41.0, 28.5 and 176 ng/g, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biogeoquímica Ambiental, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos-UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil.
authors.forename: Diana Nara Ribeiro
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: de Sousa
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biogeoquímica Ambiental, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos-UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil.
authors.forename: Guilherme Martins
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Grosseli
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biogeoquímica Ambiental, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos-UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio Aparecido
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mozeto
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Quimiometria Aplicada, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos-UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renato Lajarim
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Carneiro
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biogeoquímica Ambiental, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos-UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro Sergio
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Fadini
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods; D012997:Solvents; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Freshwater sediments; Hormones; Personal care products; Pharmaceuticals; Ultrasound