title: Antibiotic Resistance Spreads Internationally Across Borders.
abstract: Antibiotic-resistant (ABR) bacteria develop when bacteria are exposed to antibiotics either during treatments in humans or animals or through environmental sources contaminated with antibiotic residues. Resistant bacteria selected by medical, agricultural, and industrial use spread globally through international travel, the export of animals and retail products, and the environment. It is essential that nations work together to identify how to reduce emergence and amplification of resistant bacteria through sensible antibiotic treatment guidelines and restrictions, concerted efforts for surveillance, and infection control.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor of Medicine at the Boston University School of Medicine. She is a member of the Infectious Disease section at the Boston Medical Center where she directs antibiotic stewardship efforts.
authors.forename: Tamar F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Barlam
authors.affiliation: Professor of Medicine at the Boston University School of Medicine and Chief of Infectious Diseases at VA Boston Healthcare System. She has a research program on detection, treatment and prevention of multidrug-resistant pathogens.
authors.forename: Kalpana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D008460:Meat; D014195:Travel