title: Comparison of the anti-inflammatory active constituents and hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in two Senecio plants and their preparations by LC-UV and LC-MS.
abstract: Two Senecio plants, Senecio cannabifolius Less. and its variety S. cannabifolius Less. var. integrifolius (Kiodz.) Kidam., were both used as the raw material of Feining granule, a traditional Chinese medicine product for treating respiratory diseases. In this study, the chemical profiles of these two plants were investigated and compared by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). A total number of 83 constituents, including 55 organic acids, 11 flavonoids, 4 alkaloids, 3 terpenes and 10 other types of compounds, were characterized. The results indicated that the levels of most flavonoids were higher in S. cannabifolius than in S. cannabifolius var. integrifolius, however, the levels of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) were higher in S. cannabifolius var. integrifolius than in S. cannabifolius. Fifteen constituents were evaluated on lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced RAW 264.7 cells, and eleven of them showed inhibition effect against nitric oxide (NO) production. Finally, the levels of ten major constituents (including seven anti-inflammatory active ones) and two PAs in Feining granule from two Senecio plants were determined and compared by the LC-UV and LC-MS methods, respectively. It was found that one organic acid (homogentisic acid) and two PAs (seneciphylline and senecionine) had higher contents in the preparation of S. cannabifolius var. integrifolius than in that of S. cannabifolius, however, the situations were inverse for the levels of four organic acids and flavonoids (chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, and isochlorogenic acid B). Based on the above results, S. cannabifolius might be a better raw material for Feining granule than S. cannabifolius var. integrifolius, because it contained more anti-inflammatory constituents and less hepatotoxic PAs than the latter. However, more pharmacological evaluations should be carried out to support the selection. The results in this study were helpful for the quality control of Feining granule.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
authors.forename: Pinghong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
authors.forename: Lulin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Xiuzheng Pharmaceutical Group Ltd., No. 1369 Shunda Road, Changchun 130012, PR China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Xiuzheng Pharmaceutical Group Ltd., No. 1369 Shunda Road, Changchun 130012, PR China.
authors.forename: Quancheng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Xiuzheng Pharmaceutical Group Ltd., No. 1369 Shunda Road, Changchun 130012, PR China.
authors.forename: Licheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China. Electronic address: wangsf@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shufang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002138:Calibration; D002460:Cell Line; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular / Q000379:methods; D011763:Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012674:Senecio / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011763:Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords: Anti-inflammatory; Feining granule; LC–MS; Pyrrolizidine alkaloids; Senecio cannabifolius; Senecio cannabifolius var. integrifolius