title: Stem Cells as Hormone Targets That Lead to Increased Cancer Susceptibility.
abstract: Major advances during the past decade have permitted a clearer understanding of processes that regulate stem cell self-renewal and lineage commitment toward differentiated progeny that populate all tissues. Considerable evidence has also accumulated to indicate that aberrations in the stem and progenitor cell populations can lead to increased cancer risk in specific organs systems. It is long recognized that environmental factors play a major role in cancer etiology, and emerging data suggest that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may contribute to an increased cancer risk. Using the prostate gland as a model system, the present review highlights recent data that find that estrogens and EDCs can reprogram prostate stem and progenitor cell populations, leading to increased cancer susceptibility. We propose that stem cell programming during early development in hormone-regulated tissues may lead to heightened sensitivity to early-life EDC exposures and that aberrant stem cell reprogramming by EDCs may contribute to the developmental basis of adult cancer risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60614.
authors.forename: Gail S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Prins
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60614.
authors.forename: Esther L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Calderon-Gierszal
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60614.
authors.forename: Wen-Yang
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004703:Endocrine System / Q000187:drug effects; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010636:Phenols / Q000009:adverse effects; D011467:Prostate / Q000187:drug effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004967:Estrogens; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds