title: International differences in the management of intracranial aneurysms: implications for the education of the next generation of neurosurgeons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The publication of the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial rapidly changed the management of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. The present and perceived future trends of aneurysm management have significant implications for patients and how we educate future cerebrovascular specialists.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine present perceived competencies of final-year neurosurgical residents who have just finished their residencies and to relate those to what practitioners from a variety of continents expect of these persons. The goal is to provide a basis for further discussion regarding the design of further educational programs in neurosurgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 55-item questionnaire with 33 questions related to competencies and expectations of competency from final-year residents who have just finished residency was completed by 229 neurosurgeons and neuro-radiologists (81 % response rate) of mixed seniority from 45 countries. We used bivariate and descriptive analyses to determine future trends and geographic differences in cerebral aneurysm management as well as the educational implications on the future.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More North Americans than those from the rest of the world are of the opinion that graduating residents are presently competent to perform basic cerebrovascular procedures like evacuation of a hematoma and clipping a simple 7-mm middle cerebral artery aneurysm. Extremely few graduating neurosurgical residents anywhere are presently capable of performing endovascular techniques for even the most basic of aneurysms. Most of those surveyed also believe that endovascular and open surgical management of aneurysms should be a part of residency training for all residents (70.4 and 88.7 %, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings have implications for the design of neurosurgical curricula for residents as well as for certification examinations and procedures. Specialty and educational organizations and those responsible for the education of future clinicians who will care for patients with cerebrovascular problems should adjust educational objectives and implement curricula and learning experiences that will ensure that cerebrovascular specialists are capable of providing the best care possible to the patient with an aneurysm, whether that be open surgery or endovascular management. These findings mean that organizations around the world will need to make these adjustments to the education of future specialists.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B 1W8.
authors.forename: Nabeel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alshafai
authors.forename: Olesya
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Falenchuk
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Cusimano
mesh_terms: D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000601:surgery*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards