title: An oral high dose of cholecalciferol restores vitamin D status in deficient postmenopausal HIV-1-infected women independently of protease inhibitors therapy: a pilot study.
abstract: The best repletion and maintenance dosing regimens with cholecalciferol in vitamin D-deficient HIV-1 patients remain unknown. Protease inhibitors (PIs) have been shown to inhibit vitamin D 1α- and 25α-hydroxylation in hepatocyte and monocyte cultures. We therefore evaluated the effect of a single high dose of cholecalciferol in vitamin D-deficient HIV-1 postmenopausal women undergoing treatment with highly active anti-retroviral therapy (cART), with and without PIs. Forty HIV-1 postmenopausal women treated with cART, with hypovitaminosis D (<20 ng/ml), were enrolled. We measured serum changes of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]; 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum calcium, and urinary calcium excretion following a loading dose of 600,000 IU of cholecalciferol after 3, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. Patients were divided into two groups, whether or not they were taking PI. A significant increase in mean 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D levels at day 3 and throughout the entire observation period was found in both groups (p < 0.001). PTH levels concomitantly decreased in both groups (p < 0.001). Mean albumin-adjusted serum calcium increases with respect to baseline were significant only at day 3 and day 30 for both groups (p < 0.01). Considering remaining parameters, there were no significant differences between the groups at any time, by two-way RM ANOVA. An oral dose of 600,000 IU of cholecalciferol in HIV-1 postmenopausal women rapidly increases 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D levels reducing PTH levels, regardless of the presence of PIs in the cART scheme.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, "Sapienza" University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy. jessica.pepe76@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pepe
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Ivano
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mezzaroma
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fantauzzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Falciano
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salotti
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Traglia
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, "Sapienza" University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Diacinti
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, "Sapienza" University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Piergianni
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Biondi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, "Sapienza" University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cipriani
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, "Sapienza" University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Mirella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cilli
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, "Sapienza" University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minisola
mesh_terms: D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood*; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D014807:Vitamin D; D002762:Cholecalciferol; C097949:1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: Calcidiol; Cholecalciferol; HIV; Hypovitaminosis D; cART