title: Bond Strength between Fiber Posts and Root Dentin Treated with Natural Cross-linkers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a proanthocyanidin-rich extract (grape seed extract [GSE]) on the bond strength and stability of the adhesion of fiber posts to the root dentine using 2 adhesive systems: a total-etch and a self-etch adhesive system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-rooted human teeth were randomly divided into 6 groups: G1 (control), untreated + total-etch adhesive Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (3M ESPE, St Paul, MN); G2, 6.5% GSE for 5 minutes + SB; G3, 10% GSE for 5 minutes + SB; and G4 to G6 groups were similar to previous ones; however, the self-etch adhesive system Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray, Kurashiki, Japan) was used. Fiber posts were cemented with RelyX ARC (3M ESPE), and the specimens were immediately tested for push out or stored for 12 months. The bond strength means were analyzed by analysis of variance and Games-Howell post hoc tests (α = 0.05). Additionally, matrix metalloproteinase inhibition by 0.65%, 0.065%, and 0.0065% GSE was examined with gelatin zymography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The use of GSE did not affect immediate bond strength to dentin and contributed to preserve the bond strength after 12 months (P < .05) for both adhesives. The bond strength of SB was significantly higher than Clearfil SE Bond (P < .05). Gelatin zymography showed reduced matrix metalloproteinase activity when recombinant enzymes were incubated with both 0.65% and 0.065% GSE, with complete inhibition at the highest concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pretreatment with GSE can be used as a natural alternative to improve bond strength stability of dentin-adhesive interfaces in root canals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: dgscecchin@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Doglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cecchin
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Letícia Cazarotto
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Pin
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Farina
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Matheus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina de Mattos Pimenta
authors.initials: Cde M
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Yuri Dal
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Bello
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School of Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Caio Cezar Randi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Ferraz
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bedran-Russo
mesh_terms: D045662:Dental Etching; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D011176:Post and Core Technique; D019279:Resin Cements; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D056604:Grape Seed Extract; D019279:Resin Cements; C084018:Scotchbond Multi-Purpose
keywords: Bond strength; durability; fiber post; grape seed extracts; root canal