title: Nicholas J. Giannestras (1908-1978): a distinguished orthopaedic surgeon, his work, life and times.
abstract: The purpose of our study was to summarize all the knowledge concerning the innovative pioneer in the field of orthopaedic surgery, Nicholas J. Giannestras (1908-1978). A thorough study of texts, medical books and reports, in the field of history of medicine, together with a review of the available literature in PubMed, was undertaken. Giannestras left his mark in the history of orthopaedics with his clinical work and his publications, mainly his treatise "Foot Disorders: Medical and Surgical Management" (1973), while his name lingers in Greece with the introduction of spine fusion with the use of metallic implants. He was an eminent university clinical professor of orthopaedics who had harmonically combined academic writing, teaching and clinical research in every field of orthopaedic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Orthopaedics, Athens University Medical School, Konstantopouleio Hospital, 3-5 Agias Olgas Str., 142 33, Athens, Greece. gerkremer@yahoo.gr.|History of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece. gerkremer@yahoo.gr.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Markatos
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Orthopaedics, Athens University Medical School, Konstantopouleio Hospital, 3-5 Agias Olgas Str., 142 33, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Efstathopoulos
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Orthopaedics, Athens University Medical School, Konstantopouleio Hospital, 3-5 Agias Olgas Str., 142 33, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Kiriaki Maria
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kaseta
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Orthopaedics, Athens University Medical School, Konstantopouleio Hospital, 3-5 Agias Olgas Str., 142 33, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Vasileios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nikolaou
authors.affiliation: History of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.|Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tsoucalas
authors.affiliation: History of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.|Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
authors.forename: Markos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sgantzos
mesh_terms: D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000266:history* / Q000601:surgery; D006115:Greece; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000266:history* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000266:history*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000266:history*; D014481:United States
keywords: Foot surgery; Giannestras; Orthopaedics; School-screening; Spine surgery