title: A novel method for device-related electroencephalography artifact suppression to explore cochlear implant-related cortical changes in single-sided deafness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) is effective when used to analyze ongoing cortical oscillations in cochlear implant (CI) users. However, localization of cortical activity in such users via qEEG is confounded by the presence of artifacts produced by the device itself. Typically, independent component analysis (ICA) is used to remove CI artifacts in auditory evoked EEG signals collected upon brief stimulation and it is effective for auditory evoked potentials (AEPs). However, AEPs do not reflect the daily environments of patients, and thus, continuous EEG data that are closer to such environments are desirable. In this case, device-related artifacts in EEG data are difficult to remove selectively via ICA due to over-completion of EEG data removal in the absence of preprocessing.
  
  
  METHODS
  EEGs were recorded for a long time under conditions of continuous auditory stimulation. To obviate the over-completion problem, we limited the frequency of CI artifacts to a significant characteristic peak and apply ICA artifact removal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Topographic brain mapping results analyzed via band-limited (BL)-ICA exhibited a better energy distribution, matched to the CI location, than data obtained using conventional ICA. Also, source localization data verified that BL-ICA effectively removed CI artifacts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed method selectively removes CI artifacts from continuous EEG recordings, while ICA removal method shows residual peak and removes important brain activity signals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CI artifacts in EEG data obtained during continuous passive listening can be effectively removed with the aid of BL-ICA, opening up new EEG research possibilities in subjects with CIs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Information and Communication Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyungsoo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium.
authors.forename: Andrea Kleine
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Punte
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium.
authors.forename: Griet
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mertens
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van de Heyning
authors.affiliation: Department of Information and Communication Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Joon
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hongsoo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Information and Communication Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jwchoi@dgist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Ji-Woong
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jjsong96@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jae-Jin
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D016477:Artifacts; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D003054:Cochlear Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003638:Deafness / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Artifact; Cochlear implant; Electroencephalography; Tinnitus