title: High-resolution mass spectrometry for detecting Acetylcholine in Arabidopsis.
abstract: Acetylcholine (ACh) was first identified a century ago, and has long been known as a neurotransmitter in animals. However, it has been shown recently that the occurrence of ACh is widespread among various non-animal species including higher plants. Although previous reports suggest that various plant species are capable of responding to exogenously applied ACh, the molecular basis for ACh biosynthesis and regulatory mechanisms mediated by endogenous ACh are largely unclear. This is partly because of the lack of conclusive data on the occurrence and the tissue specificity of ACh in plants. To this end, we performed various analyses including liquid chromatography electro-chemical detection (LC-ECD), liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The results, together with electrospray ionization-orbitrap Fourier transform mass spectrometry (ESI-orbitrap FT-MS) analysis provide strong evidence that ACh exists in Arabidopsis thaliana tissues. The results also showed that the level of ACh is highest in seed, followed by root and cotyledon. Moreover, exogenously applied ACh inhibited the elongation of Arabidopsis root hairs. These results collectively indicate that ACh exists primarily in seed and root in Arabidopsis seedlings, and plays a pivotal role during the initial stages of seedling development by controlling root hair elongation in Arabidopsis.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Integrative Biomolecular Function; Institute for Bioorganic Research; Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences ; Kyoto , Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: b Division of Structural Biomolecular Science; Institute for Bioorganic Research; Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences ; Kyoto , Japan.
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: b Division of Structural Biomolecular Science; Institute for Bioorganic Research; Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences ; Kyoto , Japan.
authors.forename: Kohtaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugahara
authors.affiliation: b Division of Structural Biomolecular Science; Institute for Bioorganic Research; Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences ; Kyoto , Japan.
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamagaki
authors.affiliation: a Division of Integrative Biomolecular Function; Institute for Bioorganic Research; Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences ; Kyoto , Japan.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000032:analysis*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D018548:Cotyledon / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D036226:Seedlings / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000109:Acetylcholine
keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana; ESI-orbitrap MS; acetylcholine; brassicaceae; root development