title: Human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein mediates CCNA1 promoter methylation.
abstract: Human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoproteins drive distinctive promoter methylation patterns in cancer. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Cyclin A1 (CCNA1) promoter methylation is strongly associated with HPV-associated cancer. CCNA1 methylation is found in HPV-associated cervical cancers, as well as in head and neck squamous cell cancer. Numerous pieces of evidence suggest that E7 may drive CCNA1 methylation. First, the CCNA1 promoter is methylated in HPV-positive epithelial lesions after transformation. Second, the CCNA1 promoter is methylated at a high level when HPV is integrated into the human genome. Finally, E7 has been shown to interact with DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1). Here, we sought to determine the mechanism by which E7 increases methylation in cervical cancer by using CCNA1 as a gene model. We investigated whether E7 induces CCNA1 promoter methylation, resulting in the loss of expression. Using both E7 knockdown and overexpression approaches in SiHa and C33a cells, our data showed that CCNA1 promoter methylation decreases with a corresponding increase in expression in E7 siRNA-transfected cells. By contrast, CCNA1 promoter methylation was augmented with a corresponding reduction in expression in E7-overexpressing cells. To confirm whether the binding of the E7-Dnmt1 complex to the CCNA1 promoter induced methylation and loss of expression, ChIP assays were carried out in E7-, del CR3-E7 and vector control-overexpressing C33a cells. The data showed that E7 induced CCNA1 methylation by forming a complex with Dnmt1 at the CCNA1 promoter, resulting in the subsequent reduction of expression in cancers. It is interesting to further explore the genome-wide mechanism of E7 oncoprotein-mediated DNA methylation.
authors.affiliation: Human Genetics Research Group, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kanwalat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chalertpet
authors.affiliation: Human Genetics Research Group, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Watcharapong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pakdeechaidan
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Vyomesh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Apiwat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mutirangura
authors.affiliation: Human Genetics Research Group, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.|Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pattamawadee
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yanatatsaneejit
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D056750:Cyclin A1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D000076123:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics*; D000090205:DNA Methyltransferase 3A; D005260:Female; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D050725:Papillomavirus E7 Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D000097584:DNA Methyltransferase 3B
chemical_list: D056750:Cyclin A1; D000076123:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases; D000090205:DNA Methyltransferase 3A; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D050725:Papillomavirus E7 Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D000097584:DNA Methyltransferase 3B; C503745:CCNA1 protein, human; C000717967:DNMT3A protein, human; C059731:oncogene protein E7, Human papillomavirus type 16; C000619380:DNMT1 protein, human
keywords: CCNA1; Dnmt1; HPV 16-E7; cervical cancer; promoter methylation