title: Association between parental history of diabetes and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus differs according to the sex of the parent and offspring's body weight: A finding from a Japanese worksite-based cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate differences in the association of parental history of diabetes with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the offspring according to the sex of the parent and the offspring's body weight.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort study of 4446 middle-aged non-diabetic Japanese men and women were followed in Aichi Prefecture, central Japan, from 2002 to 2011. Subjects were categorized by their self-reported parental history of diabetes ("no parental history," "father only," "mother only," and "both"). The association of parental history of diabetes and incidence in the offspring was examined according to overweight status adjusted for age, sex, birth weight, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, total energy intake, body mass index, and number of metabolic syndrome components.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up (median 8.9 years), 277 subjects developed T2DM. Parental history of diabetes was positively associated with T2DM incidence. However, stratified analysis by overweight status revealed that only maternal history was associated with increased T2DM incidence in non-overweight subjects (hazard ratio=2.35, 95% confidence interval: 1.41-3.91). While in overweight subjects, paternal history was significantly associated with higher T2DM incidence (hazard ratio=1.98, 95% confidence interval: 1.19-3.28).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that parental history of diabetes mellitus is associated with the incidence of T2DM in offspring differently according to the sex of the affected parent and the offspring's body weight.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Chaochen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan. Electronic address: yatsuya@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yatsuya
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Nagoya University School of Health Science, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamakoshi
authors.affiliation: Education and Clinical Research Training Center, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toyoshima
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuanying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Esayas Haregot
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Hilawe
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Chifa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Section of Longitudinal Study of Aging, National Institute for Longevity Sciences (NILS-LSA), National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Rei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuhiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirakawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aoyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications; D010290:Parents; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors
keywords: Cohort study; Overweight; Parental history; Type 2 diabetes mellitus