title: Study of Protein Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Vitamins and Inflammation in Patients Undergoing either Hemodialysis or Peritoneal Dialysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The influence of dialysis modality on oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation is not yet clear. Elucidating this influence could provide novel therapy concepts for cardiovascular diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare protein OS, antioxidant vitamins and inflammation in patients undergoing either hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was performed with 19 PD and 21 HD patients treated for ≥ 6 months. The control group was composed of 17 healthy individuals. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), vitamins C, A and E, C-reactive protein and interleukin 6 were measured in plasma samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OS was higher in the dialysis group when compared with controls, but HD patients showed higher AOPP compared with PD (HD:141.9 ± 75.2 µmol/L; PD: 112.5 ± 69.3 µmol/L, P< 0.01) and AGEs (HD: 32.2 ± 10.6 AU x10³; PD: 26.6 ± 4.9 AUx10³, P< 0.05). There was no difference in inflammation and vitamin levels among dialysis patients. In HD patients, AGEs correlated moderately with serum vitamin C (r = 0.46; P< 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dialysis modality adopted influences protein OS, but it has no effect on antioxidant status or inflammation. Hemodialysis probably exacerbates OS due to the increased bioincompatibility of the dialysis procedure, and this scenario seems to be related to the intravenous supplementation of vitamin C. Peritoneal dialysis allows for a better oxidative balance, which may reduce cardiovascular risk.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andresa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marques de Mattos
authors.forename: Alceu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Afonso Jordão
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abrão Cardeal da Costa
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Garcia Chiarello
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014815:Vitamins / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014815:Vitamins
keywords: antioxidants status; dialysis modalities; inflammation; protein oxidative stress; vitamin C supplementation