title: Cognitive psychotherapy treatment decreases peripheral oxidative stress parameters associated with major depression disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies have already pointed out the contribution of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the oxidative-antioxidative systems in MDD and in response to cognitive psychotherapies. Oxidative stress were analyzed in 49 MDD patients at baseline, post-treatment, and follow-up; and 49 control subjects without history of psychiatric disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MDD subjects presented an increase in oxidative damage related to control subjects for thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), nitric oxide, and a decrease in total thiol content. Cognitive psychotherapies were able to counteract peripheral oxidative stress in MDD patients, reducing TBARS levels (p<0.001) in the follow-up, nitric oxide (p<0.001) in the post-treatment and follow-up, and increasing the total thiol content (p<0.01) in the post-treatment and follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxidative stress was associated with MDD and the regulation of these parameters might represent an important mechanism associated with the clinical improvement of cognitive psychotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
authors.affiliation: Biologia Celular e Molecular-Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gazal
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thaíse C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Mondin
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Taiane A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana Á
authors.initials: LÁ
authors.lastname: Quevedo
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciano D M
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica-Fundação Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde e de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elizandra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Braganhol
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jean P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Oses
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica-Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Manuella P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Kaster
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: ghisleni.g@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ghisleni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords: Cognitive psychotherapy; Major depressive disorder; Oxidative stress parameters