title: A chemical genetic strategy identify the PHOSTIN, a synthetic molecule that triggers phosphate starvation responses in Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: Plants display numerous strategies to cope with phosphate (Pi)-deficiency. Despite multiple genetic studies, the molecular mechanisms of low-Pi-signalling remain unknown. To validate the interest of chemical genetics to investigate this pathway we discovered and analysed the effects of PHOSTIN (PSN), a drug mimicking Pi-starvation in Arabidopsis. We assessed the effects of PSN and structural analogues on the induction of Pi-deficiency responses in mutants and wild-type and followed their accumulation in plants organs by high pressure liquid chromotography (HPLC) or mass-spectrophotometry. We show that PSN is cleaved in the growth medium, releasing its active motif (PSN11), which accumulates in plants roots. Despite the overaccumulation of Pi in the roots of treated plants, PSN11 elicits both local and systemic Pi-starvation effects. Nevertheless, albeit that the transcriptional activation of low-Pi genes by PSN11 is lost in the phr1;phl1 double mutant, neither PHO1 nor PHO2 are required for PSN11 effects. The range of local and systemic responses to Pi-starvation elicited, and their dependence on the PHR1/PHL1 function suggests that PSN11 affects an important and early step of Pi-starvation signalling. Its independence from PHO1 and PHO2 suggest the existence of unknown pathway(s), showing the usefulness of PSN and chemical genetics to bring new elements to this field.
authors.affiliation: CEA, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France.|CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Végétale & Microbiologie Environnementale, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France.|Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France.
authors.forename: Clémence
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bonnot
authors.affiliation: CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5095 Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Bordeaux, F-33077 Cedex, France.|Université Bordeaux 2 Victor Segalen, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.
authors.forename: Benoît
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pinson
authors.affiliation: CEA, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France.|CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Végétale & Microbiologie Environnementale, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France.|Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France.
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clément
authors.affiliation: INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, F-33140, France.|Metabolome Facility of Bordeaux Functional Genomics Centre, IBVM, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, F-33140, France.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bernillon
authors.affiliation: CEA, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France.|CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Végétale & Microbiologie Environnementale, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France.|Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France.
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chiarenza
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: Satomi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanno
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: Natsuko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: CEA, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France.|CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Végétale & Microbiologie Environnementale, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France.|Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France.
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delannoy
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.affiliation: CEA, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France.|CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Végétale & Microbiologie Environnementale, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France.|Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nussaume
authors.affiliation: CEA, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France.|CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Végétale & Microbiologie Environnementale, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France.|Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Desnos
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D006706:Homeostasis; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D015398:Signal Transduction; D054852:Small Molecule Libraries; D014157:Transcription Factors; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D007555:Isoxazoles; C460111:PHO1 protein, Arabidopsis; C000610969:PHOSTIN compound; D010710:Phosphates; D054852:Small Molecule Libraries; D014157:Transcription Factors; C514696:UBC24 protein, Arabidopsis; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes
keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana; Oryza sativa; PHOSTIN; chemical genetics; phosphate homeostasis; phosphate starvation; phr1;phl1 mutant