title: The anti-inflammatory effect and potential mechanism of cardamonin in DSS-induced colitis.
abstract: Cardamonin is a naturally occurring chalcone with strong anti-inflammatory activity. However, the direct effect of cardamonin on intestinal inflammation remains elusive. In the present study, we found that cardamonin markedly ameliorated dextran sulfate sodium-induced mouse body weight loss, diarrhea, colon shortening, spleen swelling, and histological damage, which correlated with a decline in the activity of myeloperoxidase and the production of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in the colon. The upregulation of toll-like receptor 4 after dextran sulfate sodium treatment was associated with an increase in the activation of myeloid differentiation factor 88, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65, inhibitor κBα, and inhibitor κB kinase-α/β, as well as the mitogen-activated protein kinase molecules of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, and this upregulation was reversed by cardamonin administration. Moreover, cardamonin blocked the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, inhibited NF-κB-luciferase activity, and downregulated NF-κB target genes expression. The present study clearly demonstrates a beneficial effect of cardamonin on experimental inflammatory bowel disease via a mechanism associated with suppression of toll-like receptor 4 expression and inactivation of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. This study may give insight into the further evaluation of the therapeutic potential of cardamonin or its derivatives for human inflammatory bowel disease.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; and.
authors.forename: Gaiyan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; and.
authors.forename: Aning
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; and.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; and.
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; and.
authors.forename: Xiaojun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; and.
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
authors.forename: Sridhar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mani
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; and vivi.dou@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dou
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; and.
authors.forename: Zhengtao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D047188:Chalcones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000633:toxicity; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D053592:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D047188:Chalcones; D016207:Cytokines; D016328:NF-kappa B; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D053592:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases; C436747:cardamonin
keywords: MAPK; NF-κB; TLR4; cardamonin; experimental colitis