title: Emission and control of N2O and composition of ash derived from cattle manure combustion using a pilot-scale fluidized bed incinerator.
abstract: This study investigates the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) and discusses the reduction of N2O emissions during the 24-h combustion of cattle manure using a pilot-scale fluidized bed incinerator under various experimental conditions. The results of these experiments were then validated against previously reported data. In addition, the characteristics of cattle manure incineration ash and their changes under different combustion conditions were estimated. In incineration experiments with composted cattle manure, N2O concentrations using multi-stage combustion were 75% lower than the concentrations resulting from normal combustion without additional auxiliary fuel, since N2O could be decomposed in the high-temperature zone formed by the inlet of the secondary combustion air. The N2O emission factor under normal combustion conditions (800°C) was 6.0% g-N2O-N/g-N. This result is similar to the values found in previous studies at the same temperature. The N2O emission factor was decreased to 1.6% g-N2O-N/g-N using a multi-stage combustion procedure. The current Japanese N2O emission factor of 0.1% g-N2O-N/g-N is an underestimate for some conditions and should be uniquely specified for each condition. Finally, cattle manure ash contains ample fertilizer elements, little Fe, Al and Zn, but abundant Cl. Therefore if Cl could be removed by some kind of pretreatment, cattle manure ash could be used as a favourable fertilizer.
authors.affiliation: a Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies , Kyoto University , Cluster C, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540 , Japan.|b Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Cluster C, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540 , Japan.|c Department of Chemical Engineering , KU Leuven , Jan De Nayerlaan 5, 2860, Sint-Katelijne-Waver , Belgium.|d Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST , Saitama , Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oshita
authors.affiliation: b Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Cluster C, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540 , Japan.|d Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST , Saitama , Japan.|e Taiyo Chikuro Industries, Co., Ltd ., 6-21, Higashi-kouen, Hakata-ku, Fukuoka 812-0045 , Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.affiliation: a Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies , Kyoto University , Cluster C, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540 , Japan.|b Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Cluster C, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540 , Japan.|d Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST , Saitama , Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takaoka
authors.affiliation: d Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST , Saitama , Japan.|f Multidisciplinary Science Cluster , Kochi University , 200, Monobe-otsu, Nankoku 783-8502 , Japan.
authors.forename: Kazutsugu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsukawa
authors.affiliation: a Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies , Kyoto University , Cluster C, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540 , Japan.|b Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Cluster C, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540 , Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujimori
authors.affiliation: d Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST , Saitama , Japan.|g Natural Sciences Cluster, Agriculture Unit , Kochi University , 200, Monobe-otsu, Nankoku 783-8502 , Japan.
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
keywords: cattle manure; combustion; emission factor; nitrous oxide; phosphorus