title: Concise Review: Methods and Cell Types Used to Generate Down Syndrome Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.
abstract: Down syndrome (DS, trisomy 21), is the most common viable chromosomal disorder, with an incidence of 1 in 800 live births. Its phenotypic characteristics include intellectual impairment and several other developmental abnormalities, for the majority of which the pathogenetic mechanisms remain unknown. Several models have been used to investigate the mechanisms by which the extra copy of chromosome 21 leads to the DS phenotype. In the last five years, several laboratories have been successful in reprogramming patient cells carrying the trisomy 21 anomaly into induced pluripotent stem cells, i.e., T21-iPSCs. In this review, we summarize the different T21-iPSCs that have been generated with a particular interest in the technical procedures and the somatic cell types used for the reprogramming.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School and Geneva University Hospitals, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. youssef.hibaoui@unige.ch.
authors.forename: Youssef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hibaoui
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cantonal Hospital of Fribourg, Chemin des Pensionnats 2-6, 1708 Fribourg, Switzerland. Anis.Feki@h-fr.ch.
authors.forename: Anis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Feki
keywords: Down syndrome; T21-iPSCs; induced pluripotent stem cells; isogenic iPSCs; reprogramming; trisomy 21