title: Robotic Single-Site Endometriosis Resection Using Firefly Technology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the feasibility of robotic single-site resection of advanced endometriosis using new technology.
  
  
  METHODS
  We show a video that demonstrates our technique for accomplishing single-site laparoscopic resection of advanced endometriosis. The video is a step-by-step explanation of robotic single-site resection of endometriosis nodules overlying the ureter and rectum.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic surgery has been shown to effectively improve pain and fertility in women with endometriosis [1]. Compared with traditional multiport laparoscopy, single-incision laparoscopy is associated with similar incidence rates of blood loss, conversion to open laparotomy, and wound complications, but it has superior cosmetic outcomes and high patient satisfaction [2-5]. Furthermore, robotic single-incision laparoscopy combined with robotic Firefly technology potentially increases the removal of invisible endometriosis. Without complete resection of endometriosis, patients are less likely to achieve full pain relief postoperatively.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 36 year old G1P1 female was referred for chronic pelvic pain. She described her pain as hip pain, pain with walking, dyspareunia, dyschezia and right anterior abdominal wall pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  To improve detection of endometriosis, we injected the patient with indocyanine green (ICG), a fluorescent dye with widespread medical applications in identifying increased vascularity of tissues. We then visualized the tissues with robotic Firefly technology, a fluorescence-detection tool built into the da Vinci SI Surgical Systems (Intuitive Surgical, Inc, Sunnyvale, CA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Because endometriosis lesions are associated with a high degree of neovascularization, the ICG turned the endometriosis tissues dark green, thereby enabling us to detect endometriosis that would not have been seen as readily with conventional single-site laparoscopy. This video demonstrates our technique for successfully accomplishing a single-site laparoscopic resection of advanced endometriosis, including ureterolysis, adhesiolysis, peritoneal stripping, and a rectal nodule excision.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that Firefly technology and ICG facilitated identification of endometriosis in single-site robotic surgery. We were able to successfully perform single-site laparoscopic resection of advanced endometriosis nodules overlying the ureter and rectum with complete resolution of pelvic pain symptoms and excellent cosmetic results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Electronic address: xiaoming@bcm.edu.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Michelle Tu Anh
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Teresa M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Bridgett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures / Q000639:trends
keywords: Chronic pelvic pain; Endometriosis; Firefly technology; ICG; Indocyanine green; Robotic single site