title: Plant uptake of pharmaceutical and personal care products from recycled water and biosolids: a review.
abstract: Reuse of treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation is growing in arid and semi-arid regions, while increasing amounts of biosolids are being applied to fields to improve agricultural outputs. These historically under-utilized resources contain "emerging contaminants", such as pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), which may enter agricultural soils and potentially contaminate food crops. In this review, we summarize recent research and provide a detailed overview of PPCPs in the soil-plant systems, including analytical methods for determination of PPCPs in plant tissues, fate of PPCPs in agricultural soils receiving treated wastewater irrigation or biosolids amendment, and plant uptake of PPCPs under laboratory and field conditions. Mechanisms of uptake and translocation of PPCPs and their metabolisms in plants are also reviewed. Field studies showed that the concentration levels of PPCPs in crops that were irrigated with treated wastewater or applied with biosolids were very low. Potential human exposure to PPCPs through dietary intake was discussed. Information gaps and questions for future research have been identified in this review.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA. Electronic address: xiaoqin.wu001@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Laurel K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Dodgen
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jeremy L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Conkle
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gan
mesh_terms: D057914:Agricultural Irrigation / Q000379:methods*; D000383:Agriculture; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Biosolids; Health risks; PPCPs; Plant uptake; Reclamation; Treated wastewater