title: Increase of drug use and genotype 3 in HCV-infected patients from Central West and Northeast Mexico.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The evolving pattern of HCV genotypes (GTs) and risk factors (RFs) in HCV-infected patients in Mexico is poorly understood. This study aimed to access the temporal trend of HCV GTs and RFs in HCV patients from two care centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chronic HCV patients [177 and 153 patients from the Northeast (NE) and Central West (CW) regions, respectively] were selected. Baseline features were demographics, date of birth (DOB), blood transfusion before 1992 (BTb1992), RFs, sexual promiscuity (SP), dental procedure (DP), injection drug use (IDU), viral load (VL), GTs, cirrhosis status and antiviral therapy (AT). Data were analyzed by Chi-square test for trends, unpaired T-test, and logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HCV GT distribution was: GT1, 67%; GT2, 16%; GT3, 12% and GT4, 1%. RFs were BTb1992, 56%; surgeries, 56%; tattooing, 18% and IDU, 16%. GT1a mostly prevailed in CW than NE patients. GT1b, surgeries, BTb1992 and cirrhosis were more prevalent in older patients (p < 0.05); GT3, male gender IDU, SP, and tattooing showed an upward trend as younger were the patients in both regions (p < 0.05), contrariwise to the prevalence of GT1b. BTb1992 and surgeries were seen in elder women; BTb1992 was an independent RF for GT1. Age ≥ 50 years old, GT1 and exposure to AT (p < 0.05) were associated with cirrhosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GT1a prevalence in CW Mexico remained stable, whereas GT3 increased and GT1b decreased in younger patients in both regions, along with associated RFs. Further regional molecular epidemiology and RF analyses are required in order to avoid the dissemination of new cases of HCV infection.
authors.affiliation: Liver Unit and Molecular Medicine, Dr. José E. González, University Hospital. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
authors.forename: Linda E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Espinosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde and Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
authors.forename: Maria E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Trujillo-Trujillo
authors.affiliation: Liver Unit and Molecular Medicine, Dr. José E. González, University Hospital. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
authors.forename: Roberto F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Martínez-Macías
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde and Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panduro
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Dr. José E. González, University Hospital. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rivas-Estilla
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde and Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
authors.forename: Nora A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Fierro
authors.affiliation: Liver Unit and Molecular Medicine, Dr. José E. González, University Hospital. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ana L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Silvera-Linares
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde and Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Torres-Valadez
authors.affiliation: Liver Unit and Molecular Medicine, Dr. José E. González, University Hospital. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cordero-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde and Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: González-Aldaco
authors.affiliation: Liver Unit and Molecular Medicine, Dr. José E. González, University Hospital. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
authors.forename: Carlos Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen-López
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde and Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: José-Abrego
authors.affiliation: Liver Unit and Molecular Medicine, Dr. José E. González, University Hospital. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jaime R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Zuñiga-Noriega
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Department, Biological and Health Sciences Division, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde and Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010641:Phenotype; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013653:Tattooing / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors; D065227:Transfusion Reaction; D047568:Unsafe Sex; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents