title: Risk of Acute Kidney Injury, Dialysis, and Mortality in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease After Intravenous Contrast Material Exposure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of intravenous iodinated contrast material administration on the subsequent development of acute kidney injury (AKI), emergent dialysis, and short-term mortality using a propensity score-adjusted analysis of computed tomographic scan recipients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this institutional review board-approved retrospective study, all patients with CKD who received a contrast-enhanced (contrast group) or unenhanced (noncontrast group) computed tomographic scan from January 1, 2000, to August 1, 2013 were identified. Patients were subdivided into CKD stage III (baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, 30-59 mL/min per 1.73 m(2)) and CKD stage IV-V (baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, <30 mL/min per 1.73 m(2)) subgroups and separately underwent propensity score generation, stratification, and 1:1 matching. Rates of AKI, 30-day emergent dialysis, and mortality were compared between contrast and noncontrast groups. Sensitivity analyses examining only patients with stable prescan serum creatinine levels and incorporating intravenous fluid administration at the time of the CT scan into the model were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 6902 patients (4496 CKD stage III, matched: 1220 contrast and 1220 noncontrast; 2086 CKD stage IV-V, matched: 491 contrast and 491 noncontrast) were included in the study. After propensity score adjustment, rates of AKI, emergent dialysis, and mortality were not significantly higher in the contrast group than in the noncontrast group in either CKD subgroup (CKD stage III: OR, 0.65-1.00; P<.001-.99 and CKD stage IV-V: OR, 0.93-2.33; P=.22-.99). Both sensitivity analyses revealed similar results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous contrast material administration was not associated with an increased risk of AKI, emergent dialysis, and short-term mortality in a cohort of patients with diminished renal function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. Electronic address: mcdonald.jennifer@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lieske
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
authors.forename: Rickey E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston.
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Katzberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
authors.forename: Eric E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Kallmes
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kallmes
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057216:Propensity Score; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media