title: The Efficacy and Underlying Mechanism of Sulfone Derivatives Containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole on Citrus Canker.
abstract: The objectives of the current study were to isolate and identify the pathogen responsible for citrus canker and investigate the efficacy of sulfone derivatives containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety on controlling citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) under in vitro and field conditions. In an in vitro study, we tested eight sulfone derivatives against Xcc and the results demonstrated that compound 3 exhibited the best antibacterial activity against Xcc, with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) value of 1.23 μg/mL, which was even better than those of commercial bactericides Kocide 3000 (58.21 μg/mL) and Thiodiazole copper (77.04 μg/mL), respectively. Meanwhile, under field experiments, compound 3 treatments demonstrated the highest ability to reduce the disease of citrus canker in leaves and fruits in two different places relative to an untreated control as well as the commercial bactericides Kocide 3000 and Thiodiazole copper. Meanwhile, compound 3 could stimulate the increase in peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activities in the navel orange leaves, causing marked enhancement of plant resistance against citrus canker. Moreover, compound 3 could damage the cell membranes, destruct the biofilm formation, inhibit the production of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), and affect the cell membrane permeability to restrain the growth of the bacteria.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China. fcc.xyli@gzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guizhou Fruit Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550025, China. m_yh79@163.com.
authors.forename: Yuhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Guizhou Fruit Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550025, China. gsszjl2008@163.com.
authors.forename: Junliang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China. luohui8732@163.com.|Guizhou Fruit Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550025, China. luohui8732@163.com.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Guizhou Fruit Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550025, China. yanjw200709@126.com.
authors.forename: Jiawen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Guizhou Fruit Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550025, China. mao3354@126.com.
authors.forename: Yongya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Guizhou Fruit Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550025, China. guhun_145@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhuang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D004156:Catechol Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002957:Citrus / Q000382:microbiology*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012275:Oryza / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D010069:Oxadiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010650:Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase / Q000378:metabolism; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D012015:Reference Standards; D013450:Sulfones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014974:Xanthomonas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010069:Oxadiazoles; D011134:Polysaccharides; D013450:Sulfones; C583463:1,3,4-oxadiazole; D004156:Catechol Oxidase; D009195:Peroxidase; D010650:Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase
keywords: Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri; antibacterial bioassay; citrus canker; sulfone derivatives; underlying mechanism