title: Fungal-bacterial interactions and their relevance in health.
abstract: Cross-kingdom interactions between bacteria and fungi are a common occurrence in the environment. Recent studies have identified various types of interactions that either can take the form of a synergistic relationship or can result in an antagonistic interplay with the subsequent destruction or inhibition of growth of bacteria, fungi or both. This cross-kingdom communication is of particular significance in human health and disease, as bacteria and fungi commonly colonize various human surfaces and their interactions can at times alter the outcome of invasive infections. Moreover, mixed infections from both bacteria and fungi are relatively common among critically ill patients and individuals with weak immune responses. The purpose of this review is to summarize our knowledge on the type of interactions between bacteria and fungi and their relevance in human infections.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Division, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.|Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.|Internal Medicine Department, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Marios
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arvanitis
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Division, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.|Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Eleftherios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mylonakis
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D060085:Coinfection / Q000382:microbiology*; D005658:Fungi / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D056265:Microbial Interactions; D064307:Microbiota; D009181:Mycoses / Q000382:microbiology
keywords: Caenorrhabditis elegans; VAP; bacteria; candidiasis; fungi; interactions; pneumonia