title: Kinematics and muscle activities of the lower limb during a side-cutting task in subjects with chronic ankle instability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was to evaluate lower limb kinematics and muscular activities during walking, side-turning while walking, and side-cutting movement in athletes with chronic ankle instability and compare the results to those of athletes without chronic ankle instability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lower limb kinematics and muscular activities were evaluated in 10 athletes with chronic ankle instability and 10 healthy control athletes using a three-dimensional motion analysis system and surface electromyography during the 200-ms pre-initial contact (IC) and stance phases while walking, side-turning while walking, and side-cutting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During walking or side-turning while walking, there were no significant differences in kinematics or muscle activities between the subjects with and without chronic ankle instability. For the side-cutting task, however, ankle inversion angles during the 200-ms pre-IC and late stance phases [effect sizes (ESs) = 0.95-1.43], the hip flexion angle (ESs = 0.94-0.96) and muscular activities of the gastrocnemius medialis (ESs = 1.04-1.73) during the early stance phase were significantly greater in the athletes with chronic ankle instability than in the healthy control athletes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alterations of kinematics in athletes with chronic ankle instability were found not only at the ankle but also at hip joints during the side-cutting movement. These alterations were not detected during walking or side-turning while walking. The findings of the present study indicate that clinicians should take into account the motion of the hip joint during the side-cutting movement in persons with chronic ankle instability.
  
  
  METHODS
  III.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, West-5, North-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.|Rehabilitation Center, NTT East Japan Sapporo Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuta
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koshino
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, West-5, North-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.|Department of Rehabilitation, Hokushin Orthopedic Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, West-5, North-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan. yamanaka@hs.hokudai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Matsuda Orthopedic Memorial Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ezawa
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, West-5, North-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.|Department of Rehabilitation, Matsuda Orthopedic Memorial Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okunuki
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, West-5, North-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.|Department of Physical Therapy, Hokkaido Chitose Institute of Rehabilitation Technology, Chitose, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, West-5, North-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samukawa
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, West-5, North-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, West-5, North-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.
authors.forename: Harukazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tohyama
mesh_terms: D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000503:physiopathology*; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Ankle biomechanics; Ankle sprain; Motion analysis; Neuromuscular control; Turn