title: Long-Term Amorphous Drug Stability Predictions Using Easily Calculated, Predicted, and Measured Parameters.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop a predictive model of the amorphous stability of drugs with particular relevance for poorly water-soluble compounds. Twenty-five representative neutral poorly soluble compounds with a diverse range of physicochemical properties and chemical structures were systematically selected from an extensive library of marketed drug products. The physical stability of the amorphous form, measured over a 6 month period by the onset of crystallization of amorphous films prepared by melting and quench-cooling, was assessed using polarized light microscopy. The data were used as a response variable in a statistical model with calculated/predicted or measured molecular, thermodynamic, and kinetic parameters as explanatory variables. Several multiple linear regression models were derived, with varying balance between calculated/predicted and measured parameters. It was shown that inclusion of measured parameters significantly improves the predictive ability of the model. The best model demonstrated a prediction accuracy of 82% and included the following as parameters: melting and glass transition temperatures, enthalpy of fusion, configurational free energy, relaxation time, number of hydrogen bond donors, lipophilicity, and the ratio of carbon to heteroatoms. Good predictions were also obtained with a simpler model, which was comprised of easily acquired quantities: molecular weight and enthalpy of fusion. Statistical models are proposed to predict long-term amorphous drug stability. The models include readily accessible parameters, which are potentially the key factors influencing amorphous stability. The derived models can support faster decision making in drug formulation development.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, The University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nurzyńska
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca , Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Booth
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, The University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Clive J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca , Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McCabe
authors.affiliation: School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dryden
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, The University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Fischer
mesh_terms: D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004355:Drug Stability; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D007700:Kinetics; D015233:Models, Statistical; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D013696:Temperature; D013816:Thermodynamics; D044366:Transition Temperature; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
keywords: amorphous; crystallization; poorly soluble drug; prediction; stability