title: Psychological and social resources relate to biomarkers of allostasis in newly admitted nursing home residents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper presents preliminary baseline data from a prospective study of nursing home adaptation that attempts to capture the complexity of residents' adaptive resources by examining psychological, social, and biological variables from a longitudinal conceptual framework. Our emphasis was on validating an index of allostasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a sample of 26 long-term care patients, we measured 6 hormone and protein biomarkers to capture the concept of allostasis as an index of physiological resilience, related to other baseline resources, including frailty, hope and optimism, social support, and mental health history, collected via interview with the resident and collaterals. We also examined the performance of self-report measures reflecting psychosocial and well-being constructs, given the prevalence of cognitive impairment in nursing homes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results supported both the psychometric stability of our self-report measures, and the preliminary validity of our index of allostasis. Each biomarker was associated with at least one other resilience resource, suggesting that our choice of biomarkers was appropriate. As a group, the biomarkers showed good correspondence with the majority of other resource variables, and our standardized summation score was also associated with physical, social, and psychological resilience resources, including those reflecting physical and mental health vulnerability as well as positive resources of social support, optimism, and hope.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although these results are based on a small sample, the effect sizes were large enough to confer some confidence in the value of pursuing further research relating biomarkers of allostasis to psychological and physical resources and well-being.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences , University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meeks
authors.affiliation: b College of Nursing , Pennsylvania State University , 201 Health and Human Development East, University Park , PA , USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van Haitsma
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences , University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Mast
authors.affiliation: c Geriatric Psychiatry Section, Department of Psychiatry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.affiliation: c Geriatric Psychiatry Section, Department of Psychiatry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA.
authors.forename: Joel E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Streim
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences , University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sephton
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences , University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA.
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: d Polisher Research Institute , Abramson Center for Jewish Life , North Wales , PA , USA.
authors.forename: Morton
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kleban
authors.affiliation: e Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Health and Human Development , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , PA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rovine
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D052636:Allostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D005260:Female; D006707:Homes for the Aged; D006801:Humans; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D009735:Nursing Homes; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D012649:Self Concept; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: allostasis; biomarkers; nursing homes; resilience; well-being