title: Factors Associated with Glycemic Variability in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Focus on Oral Hypoglycemic Agents and Cardiovascular Risk Factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of glycemic variability (GV) in development of cardiovascular diseases remains controversial, and factors that determine glucose fluctuation in patients with diabetes are unknown. We investigated relationships between GV indices, kinds of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs), and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 209 patients with T2DM. The GV index (standard deviation [SD] and mean absolute glucose change [MAG]) were calculated from 7-point self-monitoring of blood glucose profiles. The patients were classified into four groups according to whether they take OHAs known as GV-lowering (A) and GV-increasing (B): 1 (A only), 2 (neither), 3 (both A and B), and 4 (B only). The 10-year risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) was calculated using the Pooled Cohort Equations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GV indices were significantly higher in patients taking sulfonylureas (SUs), but lower in those taking dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. In hierarchical regression analysis, the use of SUs remained independent correlates of the SD (γ=0.209, P=0.009) and MAG (γ=0.214, P=0.011). In four OHA groups, GV indices increased progressively from group 1 to group 4. However, these did not differ according to quartiles of 10-year ASCVD risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GV indices correlated significantly with the use of OHAs, particularly SU, and differed significantly according to combination of OHAs. However, cardiovascular risk factors and 10-year ASCVD risk were not related to GV indices. These findings suggest that GV is largely determined by properties of OHAs and not to cardiovascular complications in patients with T2DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.
authors.forename: Soyeon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Ouk
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Ah
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea. okdom@jejunu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Gwanpyo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koh
keywords: 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk; Cardiovascular risk factors; Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Glycemic variability; Oral hypoglycemic agents