title: Dual regulating effect of Ningdong granule on extracellular dopamine content of two kinds of Tourette's syndrome rat models.
abstract: Tourette's syndrome (TS) is an inherited chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by involuntary stereotyped motor and phonic behaviors called tics. Its pathogenesis is still unclear and its treatment remains limited. Our previous basic and clinical studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation Ningdong granule (NDG) is effective for the treatment of TS with little side effects. In the current study, two TS rat models (Apomorphine (Apo)- and 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN)-induced) were used to explore the dual regulating effects and mechanisms of NDG on extracellular DA concentration. We found that NDG could regulate the extracellular DA concentration dually: it could make a gradual recovery in extracellular DA content from both an up-regulated level in Apo-induced rats and down-regulated level in IDPN-induced rats measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The protein expression of DA transporter (DAT) was measured by Western blot and the result showed that NDG could elevate DAT expression when DA release was up-regulated and could decrease DAT expression when extracellular DA concentration was down-regulated. The main mechanism of the dual regulating effect of NDG on extracellular DA release might be related to DAT protein expression in TS, through which the released DA is re-uptaken into nerve terminals. Taken together, compared with conventional single-target anti-tics drugs such as haloperidol (Hal), NDG with the dual regulating effect would be more significant for TS treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Fanghua
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhixue
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Linmao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: En
authors.forename: Jijun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yifeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Anyuan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D017072:Neostriatum / Q000378:metabolism; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; C545316:ningdong; D004298:Dopamine