title: Multigenerational Positive Family History of Psychiatric Disorders Is Associated With a Poor Prognosis in Bipolar Disorder.
abstract: The authors assessed how family history loading affected the course of illness in patients from the United States. A total of 676 outpatients with bipolar disorder from the United States rated their illness and provided a parental and grandparental history of mood disorder, substance abuse, and other clinical conditions. A positive family history for each illness was associated with almost all of the seven poor prognosis factors established in the study (abuse in childhood, early onset, anxiety and substance abuse comorbidity, rapid cycling, multiple episodes, and worsening of severity or frequency of episodes). Family history for psychiatric difficulties in parents and grandparents was associated with a more complex and difficult course of bipolar illness.
authors.affiliation: From the Bipolar Collaborative Network, Bethesda, MD (RMP, MR, GSL); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (RMP); Dept. of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (LA); Department of Psychiatry, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, West Los Angeles Healthcare Center, Los Angeles, CA (LA); Dept. of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (RK); Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH (SLM, PEK); Biological Psychiatry Program, University of Cincinnati Medical College, Cincinnati, OH (SLM); Dept. of Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MAF); Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (HG); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (TS); VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (TS); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH (PEK); and University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (WAN).
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Post
authors.affiliation: From the Bipolar Collaborative Network, Bethesda, MD (RMP, MR, GSL); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (RMP); Dept. of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (LA); Department of Psychiatry, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, West Los Angeles Healthcare Center, Los Angeles, CA (LA); Dept. of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (RK); Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH (SLM, PEK); Biological Psychiatry Program, University of Cincinnati Medical College, Cincinnati, OH (SLM); Dept. of Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MAF); Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (HG); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (TS); VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (TS); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH (PEK); and University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (WAN).
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Altshuler
authors.affiliation: From the Bipolar Collaborative Network, Bethesda, MD (RMP, MR, GSL); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (RMP); Dept. of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (LA); Department of Psychiatry, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, West Los Angeles Healthcare Center, Los Angeles, CA (LA); Dept. of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (RK); Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH (SLM, PEK); Biological Psychiatry Program, University of Cincinnati Medical College, Cincinnati, OH (SLM); Dept. of Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MAF); Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (HG); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (TS); VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (TS); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH (PEK); and University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (WAN).
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kupka
authors.affiliation: From the Bipolar Collaborative Network, Bethesda, MD (RMP, MR, GSL); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (RMP); Dept. of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (LA); Department of Psychiatry, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, West Los Angeles Healthcare Center, Los Angeles, CA (LA); Dept. of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (RK); Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH (SLM, PEK); Biological Psychiatry Program, University of Cincinnati Medical College, Cincinnati, OH (SLM); Dept. of Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MAF); Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (HG); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (TS); VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (TS); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH (PEK); and University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (WAN).
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: McElroy
authors.affiliation: From the Bipolar Collaborative Network, Bethesda, MD (RMP, MR, GSL); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (RMP); Dept. of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (LA); Department of Psychiatry, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, West Los Angeles Healthcare Center, Los Angeles, CA (LA); Dept. of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (RK); Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH (SLM, PEK); Biological Psychiatry Program, University of Cincinnati Medical College, Cincinnati, OH (SLM); Dept. of Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MAF); Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (HG); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (TS); VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (TS); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH (PEK); and University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (WAN).
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Frye
authors.affiliation: From the Bipolar Collaborative Network, Bethesda, MD (RMP, MR, GSL); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (RMP); Dept. of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (LA); Department of Psychiatry, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, West Los Angeles Healthcare Center, Los Angeles, CA (LA); Dept. of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (RK); Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH (SLM, PEK); Biological Psychiatry Program, University of Cincinnati Medical College, Cincinnati, OH (SLM); Dept. of Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MAF); Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (HG); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (TS); VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (TS); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH (PEK); and University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (WAN).
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rowe
authors.affiliation: From the Bipolar Collaborative Network, Bethesda, MD (RMP, MR, GSL); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (RMP); Dept. of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (LA); Department of Psychiatry, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, West Los Angeles Healthcare Center, Los Angeles, CA (LA); Dept. of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (RK); Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH (SLM, PEK); Biological Psychiatry Program, University of Cincinnati Medical College, Cincinnati, OH (SLM); Dept. of Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MAF); Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (HG); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (TS); VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (TS); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH (PEK); and University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (WAN).
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Grunze
authors.affiliation: From the Bipolar Collaborative Network, Bethesda, MD (RMP, MR, GSL); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (RMP); Dept. of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (LA); Department of Psychiatry, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, West Los Angeles Healthcare Center, Los Angeles, CA (LA); Dept. of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (RK); Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH (SLM, PEK); Biological Psychiatry Program, University of Cincinnati Medical College, Cincinnati, OH (SLM); Dept. of Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MAF); Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (HG); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (TS); VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (TS); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH (PEK); and University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (WAN).
authors.forename: Trisha
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suppes
authors.affiliation: From the Bipolar Collaborative Network, Bethesda, MD (RMP, MR, GSL); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (RMP); Dept. of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (LA); Department of Psychiatry, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, West Los Angeles Healthcare Center, Los Angeles, CA (LA); Dept. of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (RK); Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH (SLM, PEK); Biological Psychiatry Program, University of Cincinnati Medical College, Cincinnati, OH (SLM); Dept. of Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MAF); Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (HG); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (TS); VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (TS); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH (PEK); and University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (WAN).
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Keck
authors.affiliation: From the Bipolar Collaborative Network, Bethesda, MD (RMP, MR, GSL); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (RMP); Dept. of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (LA); Department of Psychiatry, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, West Los Angeles Healthcare Center, Los Angeles, CA (LA); Dept. of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (RK); Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH (SLM, PEK); Biological Psychiatry Program, University of Cincinnati Medical College, Cincinnati, OH (SLM); Dept. of Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MAF); Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (HG); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (TS); VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (TS); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH (PEK); and University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (WAN).
authors.forename: Gabriele S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Leverich
authors.affiliation: From the Bipolar Collaborative Network, Bethesda, MD (RMP, MR, GSL); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (RMP); Dept. of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (LA); Department of Psychiatry, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, West Los Angeles Healthcare Center, Los Angeles, CA (LA); Dept. of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (RK); Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH (SLM, PEK); Biological Psychiatry Program, University of Cincinnati Medical College, Cincinnati, OH (SLM); Dept. of Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MAF); Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (HG); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (TS); VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (TS); Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH (PEK); and University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (WAN).
authors.forename: Willem A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Nolen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D011379:Prognosis; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000523:psychology