title: UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase influences polysaccharide synthesis, cell wall components, and hyphal branching in Ganoderma lucidum via regulation of the balance between glucose-1-phosphate and UDP-glucose.
abstract: UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP) is a key enzyme involved in carbohydrate metabolism, but there are few studies on the functions of this enzyme in fungi. The ugp gene of Ganoderma lucidum was cloned, and enzyme kinetic parameters of the UGP recombinant protein were determined in vitro, revealing that this protein was functional and catalyzed the reversible conversion between Glc-1-P and UDP-Glc. ugp silencing by RNA interference resulted in changes in the levels of the intermediate metabolites Glc-1-P and UDP-Glc. The compounds and structure of the cell wall in the silenced strains were also altered compared with those in the wild-type strains. Moreover, the number of hyphal branches was also changed in the silenced strains. To verify the role of UGP in hyphal branching, a ugp-overexpressing strain was constructed. The results showed that the number of hyphal branches was influenced by UGP. The mechanism underlying hyphal branching was further investigated by adding exogenous Glc-1-P. Our results showed that hyphal branching was regulated by a change in the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration, which was affected by the level of the intermediate metabolite Glc-1-P, in G. lucidum. Our findings indicate the existence of an interaction between carbon metabolism and Ca(2+) signaling in this fungus.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mengjiao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tianxi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ailiang
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ang
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: mwzhao@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Mingwen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005958:Glucosephosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D025301:Hyphae; D009154:Mutation; D010802:Phylogeny; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D034622:RNA Interference; D005957:UTP-Glucose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014532:Uridine Diphosphate Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005958:Glucosephosphates; D011134:Polysaccharides; C031590:glucose-1-phosphate; D005957:UTP-Glucose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase; D002118:Calcium; D014532:Uridine Diphosphate Glucose
keywords: Calcium; Cell wall; Ganoderma lucidum; Glucose-1-phosphate; Hyphal branching; UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase