title: Electromagnetic Guided Postpyloric Tube Placement in Children: A Feasible and Promising Technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Postpyloric feeding tube (PPFT) placement can be cumbersome. Fluoroscopic and endoscopic placements are required when unguided placement fails. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of PPFT placement in children, using an electromagnetic (EM) guided system as a rescue strategy in case unguided tube insertion fails.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a single-center prospective study, we included all the children (weight >2.5 kg) in whom unguided PPFT placement failed between 2009 and 2012. EM guided PPFT placement was attempted before regular fluoroscopic and endoscopic placement was attempted, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-nine children were included (mean age 3.5 years). EM guided PPFT placement was successful in 82% of the children. No adverse events occurred. Age or indication for the PPFT did not influence the success rate of the procedure. A trend of a learning curve of 25 patients was noticed. Costs of EM placement were slightly higher than those of fluoroscopic placement in our hospital setting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With enough expertise, EM guided PPFT placement seems safe and can prevent fluoroscopic or endoscopic tube placement in 82% of children.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition †Department of Gastroenterology ‡Department of Paediatric Radiology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bart G P
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Koot
authors.forename: Arnoldus N J M
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Limpens
authors.forename: Renée
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Westerhout
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Benninga
authors.forename: Anne C E M
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Duflou
authors.forename: Lydia C M
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Singels
authors.forename: Rick R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: van Rijn
authors.forename: Elisabeth M H
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Mathus-Vliegen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004386:Duodenum; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D004724:Endoscopy; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D011446:Prospective Studies