title: High frequency of deficient consumption and low blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in HIV-1-infected adults from São Paulo city, Brazil.
abstract: Micronutrient deficiency is common in patients with HIV/AIDS, usually caused by mal-absorption and/or drug interactions. 25-hydroxyvitamin D is of fundamental importance for the homeostasis of musculoskeletal health. The current study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of HIV-infected subjects in order to make their nutritional diagnoses, including their vitamin D blood levels, and to estimate their consumption of vitamin D. The study included 98 HIV-1-infected subjects, followed at University of São Paulo Medical School - HC-FMUSP. We performed a nutritional evaluation, along with the determination of patients' serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and calcium concentration, biochemical analyses, and an anthropometric assessment. In the medical interview a 24-hour food recall was used (R24) to estimate daily calorie intake, macronutrients, calcium, and vitamin D. A high level of vitamin D deficiency was observed in our patients: 83.4% of them had levels below 30 ng/ml; they also presented an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, along with a high consumption of dietary fat. Factors related to the virus itself and to the use of antiretroviral drugs may have contributed for the low vitamin D levels seen in our HIV-1-infected patients.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunedeficiencies, Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil.
authors.forename: Stephanie Hael
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Sales
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunedeficiencies, Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandra Maria
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Matta
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: da Matta
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tropical Medicine, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela Cardeal
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tropical Medicine, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiane Assone
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Assone
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine - São Paulo University Medical School.
authors.forename: Luiz Augusto M
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunedeficiencies, Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alberto J S
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: 1] Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunedeficiencies, Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil [2] Institute of Tropical Medicine, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Casseb
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D050177:Overweight; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D; D002118:Calcium