title: The effect of three polishing systems on surface roughness of flowable, microhybrid, and packable resin composites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of three different polishing systems on the surface roughness of three types of resin composite materials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three types of resin composites (Heliomolar flow, TPH spectrum, and Tetric Ceram HB) and three polishing systems (Astropol, Enhance, and Soflex) were used. A total number of 40 samples were prepared from each one of the restorative materials and divided randomly into four groups (n = 10) according to the polishing procedure. The first group underwent no treatment and was used as a control group. Each one of the remaining groups was polished with one of the tested polishing systems. After completion of sample preparation, the mean surface roughness (Ra) value was measured using a surface profilometer. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The control group of each material recorded the lowest Ra value. Among the tested polishing systems, the groups finished with Soflex system exhibited the lowest Ra value. Among the resin composites, Heliomolar flow exhibited the lowest Ra value, regardless of the polishing system used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The smoothest surface of all types of resin composite was achieved under Mylar strip.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Al-Farabi College, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Al-Farabi College, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahmed Mohammed
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Al-Farabi College, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Sameh Mahmoud
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Nabih
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Al-Farabi College, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hossam Mohammed
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Mossa
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Al-Farabi College, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Kusai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baroudi
keywords: Polishing systems; resin composites; surface roughness