title: Association between Osteopontin Promoter Gene Polymorphisms and Haplotypes with Risk of Diabetic Nephropathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Osteopontin (OPN) C-443T promoter polymorphism has been shown as a genetic risk factor for diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetic patients (T2D).
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study we investigated the association of three functional promoter gene polymorphisms C-443T, delG-156G, and G-66T and their haplotypes with the risk of DN and estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) in Asian Indians T2D patients using Real time PCR based Taqman assay. A total of 1165 T2D patients, belonging to two independently ascertained Indian Asian cohorts, were genotyped for three OPN promoter polymorphisms C-443T (rs11730582), delG-156G (rs17524488) and G-66T (rs28357094).
  
  
  RESULTS
  -156G allele and GG genotypes (delG-156G) and haplotypes G-C-G and T-C-G (G-66T, C-443T, delG-156G) were associated with decreased risk of DN and higher eGFR. Haplotype G-T-delG and T-T-delG (G-66T, C-443T, delG-156G) were identified as risk haplotypes, as shown by lower eGFR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to report an association of OPN promoter gene polymorphisms; G-66T and delG-156G and their haplotypes with DN in T2D. Our results suggest an association between OPN promoter gene polymorphisms and their haplotypes with DN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India. balneekcheema@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Balneek Singh
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Cheema
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India. sreeni08@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sreenivasa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iyengar
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India. rajni.sharma28@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rajni
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India. kohlihs2009@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Harbir Singh
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kohli
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India. anilbhansali_endocrine@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhansali
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India. madhu.khullar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Madhu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khullar
keywords: Osteopontin promoter gene polymorphism; diabetic nephropathy; eGFR; haplotypes; type 2 diabetes