title: Posterior ankle impingement in athletes: Pathogenesis, imaging features and differential diagnoses.
abstract: Posterior ankle impingement is a clinical diagnosis which can be seen following a traumatic hyper-plantar flexion event and may lead to painful symptoms in athletes such as female dancers ('en pointe'), football players, javelin throwers and gymnasts. Symptoms of posterior ankle impingement are due to failure to accommodate the reduced interval between the posterosuperior aspect of the talus and tibial plafond during plantar flexion, and can be due to osseous or soft tissue lesions. There are multiple causes of posterior ankle impingement. Most commonly, the structural correlates of impingement relate to post-traumatic synovitis and intra-articular fibrous bands-scar tissue, capsular scarring, or bony prominences. The aims of this pictorial review article is to describe different types of posterior ankle impingement due to traumatic and non-traumatic osseous and soft tissue pathology in athletes, to describe diagnostic imaging strategies of these pathologies, and illustrate their imaging features, including relevant differential diagnoses.
authors.affiliation: ASPETAR - Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Sports City Street, Inside Aspire Zone, Al Buwairda St, Doha, Qatar; Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 820 Harrison Avenue, FGH Building, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, United States; Department of Radiology, Bridgeport Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, 267 Grant Street, Bridgeport, CT 06610, United States.
authors.forename: Daichi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: ASPETAR - Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Sports City Street, Inside Aspire Zone, Al Buwairda St, Doha, Qatar; Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 820 Harrison Avenue, FGH Building, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Erlangen Nuremberg, Maximiliansplatz 1, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Roemer
authors.affiliation: ASPETAR - Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Sports City Street, Inside Aspire Zone, Al Buwairda St, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: D'Hooghe
authors.affiliation: ASPETAR - Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Sports City Street, Inside Aspire Zone, Al Buwairda St, Doha, Qatar; Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 820 Harrison Avenue, FGH Building, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, United States. Electronic address: Ali.Guermazi@aspetar.com.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guermazi
mesh_terms: D000842:Ankle; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D056352:Athletes; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: Ankle impingement; Intermalleolar ligament; Os trigonum; Posterior; Posterior tibiotalar ligament; Stieda’s process