title: Does radio frequency radiation induce micronuclei frequency in exfoliated bladder cells of diabetic rats?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  For many years there has been a discussion among both experts and the general public regarding the effects of radio frequency (RF) radiation on the human organism. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship of micronucleui (MN) frequency and RF radiation in exfoliated bladder cells of non-diabetic and diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups were used in the experiment: Group I (n=6): diabetic group without RF exposure; Group II (n=6): diabetic group exposed 2100 MHz RF radiation and Group III (n=6): control animals (non-diabetic group, no RF exposure). RF exposure in the experiment resulted in a whole body average SAR of 0.24 W/kg with an ERMS field of 17.5 V/m in non-thermal levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that there was no statistically important differences between non-RF exposed diabetes group and control group; Group I and Group III (p>0.05). There was no statistically important differences between diabetes group and diabetes+RF exposed group (Group I and Group II) (p>0.05). RF exposure did not result in increased MN frequencies in exfoliated bladder cells of diabetic rats with respect to control animals (Group II and Group III), either and this result found no statistically important (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggested no possible genotoxic effects of RF radiation among human beings especially with chronic disorders, such as diabetes.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gurbuz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sirav
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kuzay
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ozer
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Seyhan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D048629:Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D011846:Radio Waves / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018570:Risk Assessment; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation
keywords: diabetes; genotoxicity; micronuclei (MN); radio frequency (RF) radiation.