title: Comparison of the manual, semiautomatic, and automatic selection and leveling of hot spots in whole slide images for Ki-67 quantification in meningiomas.
abstract: Background. This paper presents the study concerning hot-spot selection in the assessment of whole slide images of tissue sections collected from meningioma patients. The samples were immunohistochemically stained to determine the Ki-67/MIB-1 proliferation index used for prognosis and treatment planning. Objective. The observer performance was examined by comparing results of the proposed method of automatic hot-spot selection in whole slide images, results of traditional scoring under a microscope, and results of a pathologist's manual hot-spot selection. Methods. The results of scoring the Ki-67 index using optical scoring under a microscope, software for Ki-67 index quantification based on hot spots selected by two pathologists (resp., once and three times), and the same software but on hot spots selected by proposed automatic methods were compared using Kendall's tau-b statistics. Results. Results show intra- and interobserver agreement. The agreement between Ki-67 scoring with manual and automatic hot-spot selection is high, while agreement between Ki-67 index scoring results in whole slide images and traditional microscopic examination is lower. Conclusions. The agreement observed for the three scoring methods shows that automation of area selection is an effective tool in supporting physicians and in increasing the reliability of Ki-67 scoring in meningioma.
authors.affiliation: Warsaw University of Technology, Pl. Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Zaneta
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Swiderska
authors.affiliation: Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering PAS, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Korzynska
authors.affiliation: Warsaw University of Technology, Pl. Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland ; Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Markiewicz
authors.affiliation: Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lorent
authors.affiliation: Warsaw University of Technology, Pl. Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland ; Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering PAS, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zak
authors.affiliation: Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering PAS, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wesolowska
authors.affiliation: Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering PAS, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Lukasz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Roszkowiak
authors.affiliation: Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Janina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Slodkowska
authors.affiliation: Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Bartlomiej
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Grala
mesh_terms: D001331:Automation; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D061346:Laser Capture Microdissection; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008579:Meningioma / Q000473:pathology*; D015588:Observer Variation; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen