title: The pattern of lip cancer occurrence over the 1990-2011 period in public hospitals in Madrid, Spain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some regions of Spain along with Canada and Australia have the highest rates of lip cancer in the world. The objective of this study was to examine the trends in the pattern of occurrence of lip cancer in Madrid, Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were extracted from the Central Tumour Registry of Madrid, between 1990 and 2011. Variables examined were age, sex, topographic and morphological location and tumour histology. Two consecutive periods, 1990-2001 and 2002-2011, were studied by descriptive and analytical methods, and the data from the two periods were statistically compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 881 cases were registered during the period 1990-2011. Comparing data between the two periods (1990-2001 and 2002-2011), subtle variations in age, histology and location were noted. Gender ratios remained constant. The mean age increased from 66.3 to 69.7 years (P < 0.05). In the second period, the histological distribution showed an increase in frequency of basal cell carcinoma, from 2.1% to 4.7%, while the frequency of squamous cell carcinomas remained constant. Basal cell carcinoma no longer predominantly occurred in women, decreasing from 80% to 21.1% (P < 0.001). The distribution by gender of squamous cell carcinoma had become more equal due an increase in its frequency in women (P < 0.001). Frequency of tumours on lip mucosa and commissure had increased between the two periods (P < 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pattern of lip cancer reported to Public Hospitals of Madrid is changing: declining rates are noted since 2001-02. However, it is necessary to monitor these data to confirm the observed trends in future years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and History of the Science, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Adelaida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Domínguez-Gordillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Bucofacial Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Germán
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Esparza-Gómez
authors.affiliation: Department of Bucofacial Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Belén
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: García-Jiménez
authors.affiliation: Department of Bucofacial Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Rocío
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cerero-Lapiedra
authors.affiliation: Department of Prevention, Odontopediatrics and Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Casado-Gómez
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and History of the Science, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Romero-Lastra
authors.affiliation: Oral Medicine, King's College London, WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer, London, UK.
authors.forename: Saman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Warnakulasuriya
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006779:Hospitals, Public / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008048:Lip Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D012878:Skin Neoplasms; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Spain; basal cell carcinoma; epidemiology; lip cancer; oral cancer; squamous cell carcinoma