title: Amiodarone after surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation: Is it really necessary? A prospective randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prophylactic antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) treatment is a well-established practice after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF), but it is controversial after surgical ablation. This prospective randomized controlled trial examined whether amiodarone after surgical ablation reduced atrial arrhythmia recurrence within the first 3 months after surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety patients were randomized to receive (n = 45) or not receive (n = 45) amiodarone after surgical ablation. Rhythm status was ascertained via clinical follow-up and 72-hour continuous monitoring at 6 and 12 weeks, using Heart Rhythm Society guidelines. Primary outcome was defined as atrial arrhythmia recurrence, cardioversion, ablation, or crossover from no-amiodarone to amiodarone as a result of atrial arrhythmia during follow-up. An intention-to-treat approach was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 2 study groups were similar in traditional predictors for failure, including left atrium size (5.0 vs 5.1 cm, P = .734), median AF duration (23 vs 20 months, P = .513), and long-standing persistent AF (44% vs 33%, P = .280). The primary outcome occurred in 52% of the no-amiodarone group (23 of 44) and 19% of the amiodarone group (8 of 43; P = .001). Cumulative freedom from primary outcome was greater in the amiodarone group (81.4% vs 47.7%, P < .001). Amiodarone was discontinued in 18 patients randomized to amiodarone for side effects, bradycardia, or noncompliance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prophylactic amiodarone reduced early atrial arrhythmia recurrence. These results are consistent with catheter AF ablation findings and should inform recommendations for prophylactic class I/III AAD after surgical AF ablation, regardless of discharge rhythm status. As previously recommended, monitoring for side effects and amiodarone discontinuation by 3 months, for patients in sinus rhythm, is warranted.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT01416935.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Surgery Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, Va. Electronic address: Niv.Ad@inova.org.
authors.forename: Niv
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ad
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Surgery Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, Va.
authors.forename: Sari D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Surgery Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, Va.
authors.forename: Deborah J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Shuman
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Surgery Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, Va.
authors.forename: Graciela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pritchard
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Surgery Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, Va.
authors.forename: Casey E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D055011:Ablation Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects; D000368:Aged; D000638:Amiodarone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D057194:Intention to Treat Analysis; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D055502:Secondary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D000638:Amiodarone
keywords: amiodarone; arrhythmia recurrence; atrial fibrillation; surgical ablation