title: Carry-over of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in dairy cows fed smoke contaminated maize silage or sugar beet pulp.
abstract: Fires and improper drying may result in contamination of feed with PCDD/Fs and PCBs. To predict the impact of elevated feed levels, it is important to understand the carry-over to edible products from food producing animals. Therefore, a carry-over study was performed with maize silage contaminated by a fire with PVC materials, and with sugar beet pulp contaminated by drying with coal, containing particles from a plastic roof. Levels of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in the maize silage were 0.93 and 0.25 ng TEQ kg(-1), those in beet pulp 1.90 and 0.15 ng TEQ kg(-1) (both on 88% dry matter (DM)). Dairy cows (3 per treatment) received either 16.8 kg DM per day of maize silage or 5.6 kg DM per day of sugar beet pellets for a 33-d period, followed by clean feed for 33 days. This resulted in a rapid increase of PCDD/F levels in milk within the first 10 days with levels at day 33 of respectively 2.6 and 1.7 pg TEQ g(-1) fat for maize silage and beet pulp. Levels of dl-PCBs at day 33 were lower, 1.0 and 0.5 pg TEQ g(-1) fat. In the case of the maize silage, the carry-over rates (CORs) at the end of the exposure were calculated to be 25% and 32% for the PCDD/F- and dl-PCB-TEQ, respectively. For the dried beet pulp the CORs were 18% and 35%. This study shows that the carry-over of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs formed during drying processes or fires can be substantial.
authors.affiliation: RIKILT, Wageningen UR, Akkermaalsbos 2., 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: ron.hoogenboom@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Ron L A P
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Hoogenboom
authors.affiliation: Wageningen UR Livestock Research, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Arie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klop
authors.affiliation: NVWA, Netherlands Food and Consumer Products Safety Authority, Catharijnesingel 59, 3511 GG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rik
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Herbes
authors.affiliation: RIVM, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan C H
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: van Eijkeren
authors.affiliation: RIVM, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marco J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zeilmaker
authors.affiliation: Wageningen UR Livestock Research, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ad M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: van Vuuren
authors.affiliation: RIKILT, Wageningen UR, Akkermaalsbos 2., 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wim A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Traag
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis*; D027461:Beta vulgaris / Q000737:chemistry*; D002417:Cattle; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D009426:Netherlands; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D012820:Silage / Q000032:analysis*; D012906:Smoke / Q000032:analysis; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D012906:Smoke; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls
keywords: Cows; Dioxins; Drying; Fire; Milk; PCBs