title: The yin-yang driving urinary tract infection and how proteomics can enhance research, diagnostics, and treatment.
abstract: Bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) afflict millions of people worldwide both in the community and the hospital setting. The onset, duration, and severity of infection depend on the characteristics of the invading pathogen (yin), as well as the immune response elicited by the infected individual (yang). Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) account for the majority of UTIs, and extensive investigations by many scientific groups have elucidated an elaborate pathogenic UPEC life cycle, involving the occupation of extracellular and intracellular niches and the expression of an arsenal of virulence factors that facilitate niche occupation. This review will summarize the current knowledge on UPEC pathogenesis; the host immune responses elicited to combat infection; and it will describe proteomics approaches used to understand UPEC pathogenesis, as well as drive diagnostics and treatment options. Finally, new strategies are highlighted that could be applied toward furthering our knowledge regarding host-bacterial interactions during UTI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Kyle A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Floyd
authors.affiliation: Aegis Sciences Corporation, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Adam E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hadjifrangiskou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D056689:Uropathogenic Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Immune response; Urinary tract infections; Uropathogenic Escherichia coli