title: Genetic identification and structure of Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758) from Southeast Asia using a mitochondrial DNA marker.
abstract: A phylogenetic tree and median-joining network based on cytochrome b sequence data revealed clades consistent with morphological differences and geographical distribution of Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Southeast Asia. AMOVA analysis for variation was significant among populations (P&lt;0.05) and was in agreement with morphological differences. Pairwise differences were significant between Java and Brunei/Borneo, Brunei/Borneo and west Malaysia, and Java and west Malaysia samples (P &lt; 0.05). Closest relationships were found between samples from Brunei/Borneo and Java, and between west Malaysia and Laos-Sumatra. Nine haplotypes were unique to geographical regions. The Java species had high haplotype (1.000 ± 0.126) but low nucleotide (0.017) diversities, suggesting a population bottleneck followed by expansion. However, SSD and Hri (P=0.5) did not support demographic expansion. Instead, purifying selection where mutations occur and accumulate at silent sites is a more acceptable explanation.
authors.affiliation: Environment and Life Science Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku BE1410, Brunei Darussalam; Email: paolinlee@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Paolin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Environment and Life Science Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku BE1410, Brunei Darussalam Institut Teknologi Brunei, Tungku BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam; Email: zohrah.sulaiman@itb.edu.bn.
authors.forename: Zohrah
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sulaiman
mesh_terms: D063147:Animal Distribution; D000825:Animal Structures / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D000818:Animals; D001210:Asia, Southeastern; D049628:Body Size; D002397:Catfishes / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006239:Haplotypes; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial