title: Prosocial Bystander Behavior in Bullying Dynamics: Assessing the Impact of Social Capital.
abstract: Individuals who observe a bullying event, but are not directly involved as a bully or victim, are referred to as bystanders. Prosocial bystanders are those individuals who actively intervene in bullying dynamics to support the victim and this prosocial behavior often ends the bullying. The current study examines how social capital in the form of social support, community engagement, mental health functioning, and positive school experiences and characteristics is associated with the likelihood of engaging in prosocial bystander behavior in a large sample (N = 5752; 51.03% female) of racially/ethnically diverse rural youth. It was hypothesized that social capital would be associated with an increased likelihood of engaging in prosocial bystander behavior. Following multiple imputation, an ordered logistic regression with robust standard errors was run. The hypothesis was partially supported and results indicated that social capital in the form of friend and teacher support, ethnic identity, religious orientation, and future optimism were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of engaging in prosocial bystander behavior. Contrary to the hypothesis, a decreased rate of self-esteem was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of engaging in prosocial bystander behavior. The findings highlight the importance of positive social relationships and community engagement in increasing prosocial bystander behavior and ultimately decreasing school bullying. Implications were discussed.
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #3550, 325 Pittsboro Street, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3550, USA. careyrobertson@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Caroline B R
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #3550, 325 Pittsboro Street, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3550, USA. smokowski@ku.edu.|School of Social Welfare, University of Kansas, 1545 Lilac Ln, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA. smokowski@ku.edu.
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Smokowski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D058445:Bullying; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006379:Helping Behavior; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009657:North Carolina; D010379:Peer Group; D011582:Psychological Theory; D012649:Self Concept; D066270:Social Capital; D012944:Social Support
keywords: Adolescence; Bystander; Rural; School bullying; Social capital