title: Neural correlates of prospective memory impairments in schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to remember to carry out intended actions after a delay. PM impairments are common in schizophrenia patients and are thought to be related to their prefrontal cortex dysfunction; however, this has not yet been examined directly in the research literature. The current study aimed to examine abnormalities in brain activation during PM task performance in schizophrenia patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two schizophrenia patients and 25 matched healthy controls were scanned in a 3-T MRI machine while performing a PM task.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that compared to the healthy controls, schizophrenia patients performed significantly worse on the PM task. Furthermore, they exhibited decreased brain activation in frontal cortex including the right superior frontal gyri (Brodmann area 10), and other related brain areas like the anterior cingulate gyrus, parietal and temporal cortex, including precuneus, and some subcortext, including parahippocampal gyrus and putamen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings confirm the involvement and importance of the prefrontal cortex in PM and show evidence of hypofrontality in schizophrenia patients while performing a PM task.
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
authors.forename: Xing-jie
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
authors.forename: Tian-xiao
authors.initials: TX
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
authors.forename: Lai-quan
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Southwest University.
authors.forename: Feng-hua
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Southwest University.
authors.forename: An-tao
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Southwest University.
authors.forename: Wei-hong
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Beibei No. 2 People's Hospital/Beibei Mental Health Center.
authors.forename: Han-feng
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
authors.forename: Eric F C
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Basis of Health Program, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University.
authors.forename: David H K
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Shum
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
authors.forename: Raymond C K
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D061212:Memory, Episodic; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology