title: The Comparison of Pullout Strengths of Various Pedicle Screw Designs on Synthetic Foams and Ovine Vertebrae.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  One of the most common problems with transpedicular screws is screw pullout. This study was conducted to measure the pullout strengths of newly designed transpedicular screws.
  
  
  METHODS
  The design of the three group screws were conical cored standard pedicle screw (Type A), dual threaded pedicle screw (Type B), dual core and dual threaded pedicle screw (Type C), respectively. Polyurethane (PU) blocks in 25 mm and 50 mm thickness were used to investigate the effect of just the pedicle on pullout strength and both distal (vertebral body) and proximal (pedicle) parts of the screw. The screws were also tested in ovine lumbar vertebrae.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Type C screw exhibited 5.9% and 12.9% higher pullout strength than Type A and Type B, and 15.4% and 8.6% higher pullout strength than Type A and Type B, respectively on 25 mm and 50 mm thick PU foam block. Type C also exhibited 74.5% and 22.5% higher pullout strength than Type A and Type B, respectively on the ovine vertebrae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transpedicular screws redesigned with modified helical angles exhibit higher pullout strength compared to the classical transpedicular screws and can be inserted more rapidly with the same number of screwing rounds result with doubled insertion depth.
authors.affiliation: Tepecik Education and Training Hospital, Clinic of Neurosurgery, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Onur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yaman
authors.forename: Teyfik
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.forename: Arslan Kagan
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Arslan
authors.forename: Mehmet Akif
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Iyidiker
authors.forename: Tolga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tolunay
authors.forename: Necip
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Camuscu
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ulutas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D065289:Pedicle Screws; D011140:Polyurethanes; D012756:Sheep; D054159:Torsion, Mechanical
chemical_list: D011140:Polyurethanes; C028279:polyurethane foam