title: Application of concrete surfaces as novel substrate for immobilization of TiO2 nano powder in photocatalytic treatment of phenolic water.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study, concrete application as a substrate for TiO2 nano powder immobilization in heterogeneous photocatalytic process was evaluated. TiO2 immobilization on the pervious concrete surface was done by different procedures containing slurry method (SM), cement mixed method (CMM) and different concrete sealer formulations. Irradiation of TiO2 was prepared by UV-A and UV-C lamps. Phenolic wastewater was selected as a pollutant and efficiency of the process was determined in various operation conditions including influent phenol concentration, pH, TiO2 concentration, immobilization method and UV lamp intensity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The removal efficiency of photocatalytic process in 4 h irradiation time and phenol concentration ranges of 25-500 mg/L was more than 80 %. Intermediates were identified by GC/Mass and spectrophotometric analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the results, photocatalytic reactions followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics and can effectively treate phenol under optimal conditions.
authors.affiliation: Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran ; Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Delnavaz
authors.affiliation: Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Bita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ayati
authors.affiliation: Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ganjidoust
authors.affiliation: Material Engineering Department, Nano Materials Division, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sohrab
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sanjabi
keywords: Concrete; Immobilization; Intermediates; Water cleaning technology