title: Biological technologies for the removal of sulfur containing compounds from waste streams: bioreactors and microbial characteristics.
abstract: Waste gases containing sulfur compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, thioethers, and mercaptan, produced and emitted from industrial processes, wastewater treatment, and landfill waste may cause undesirable issues in adjacent areas and contribute to atmospheric pollution. Their control has been an area of concern and research for many years. As alternative to conventional physicochemical air pollution control technologies, biological treatment processes which can transform sulfur compounds to harmless products by microbial activity, have gained in popularity due to their efficiency, cost-effectiveness and environmental acceptability. This paper provides an overview of the current biological techniques used for the treatment of air streams contaminated with sulfur compounds as well as the advances made in the past year. The discussion focuses on bioreactor configuration and design, mechanism of operation, insights into the overall biological treatment process, and the characterization of the microbial species present in bioreactors, their populations and their interactions with the environment. Some bioreactor case studies are also introduced. Finally, the perspectives on future research and development needs in this research area were also highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China. leel@rcees.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China. zhangjingying123@126.com.
authors.forename: Jingying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China. jianlin3433@126.com.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China. jxliu@rcees.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Junxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D001711:Biotransformation; D007220:Industrial Waste; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D013457:Sulfur Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D007220:Industrial Waste; D013457:Sulfur Compounds
keywords: Air pollution control; Bioreactors; Desulfurization bacteria; Microbial characterization; Sulfur containing compounds