title: Carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitors in cancer therapy: an update.
abstract: Carbonic anhydrases (CAs; EC 4.2.1.1) are well known zinc metalloproteins involved in the catalysis of a very simple but essential physiological reaction: carbon dioxide hydration to bicarbonate and proton. These enzymes are of clinical relevance in cancer therapy as among the 15 isoforms known in humans, two cell surface CA isoforms, namely CA IX (almost exclusively associated with tumors) and CA XII (overexpressed in some tumor types) are involved in tumorigenesis. Targeting the tumor associated isoforms IX is now considered as a pertinent approach for the development of new cancer therapeutics against hypoxic tumors. Different approaches and new family of pharmacological agents were described in the last 5 years for obtaining compounds that specifically target CA IX over the ubiquitous cytosolic off-target isoforms CA I and CA II. The aim of this review is to give a comprehensive update on the reported discoveries in the field of CA IX inhibitors with an emphasis on the new families of compounds which reach in vivo/preclinical studies for their potential in cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical & Nutraceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudiu T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Supuran
authors.affiliation: Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron(IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS-ENSCM-Université de Montpellier, Bâtiment de Recherche Max Mousseron, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Yves
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Winum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; C089226:CA9 protein, human; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases