title: Concordance with DASH diet and blood pressure change: results from the Framingham Offspring Study (1991-2008).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Concordance with the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet has been shown to reduce blood pressure (BP) in short-term intervention studies, but long-term effects are unclear. We evaluated the association of DASH diet concordance with BP trajectories and incidence of hypertension, in 2187 men and women (mean age 52.5 years at baseline) participating in the Framingham Offspring cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diet and BP were assessed from 1991 to 2008, with a median follow-up time of 13.4 years. DASH scores (ranging from 0 for worst to 10 for best concordance with DASH diet) were calculated by summing 10 food components that comprise the DASH diet pattern, including fruits and vegetables, low-fat dairy products, lean meat, and plant-based protein. Mixed-effect and Cox regression models were applied, to assess the association of DASH diet concordance with BP longitudinal change and with incidence of hypertension, respectively. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, history of diabetes, BMI, and physical activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, SBP increased by 0.34 mmHg and DBP by 0.10 mmHg annually, in the Framingham Offspring cohort. Every unit increase in the DASH score resulted in a modest increase in SBP of 0.054 mmHg/year (P = 0.028). No associations were observed between DASH diet concordance and DBP or incidence of hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term concordance with the DASH diet was not associated with a decreasing BP trajectory over time, or with decreased incidence of hypertension, in this population of middle-aged adults.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York bDepartment of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts cThe Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine dNutrition, Food Studies and Public Health, Steinhardt School, New York University, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Jieying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Mengling
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Troy
authors.forename: Sripal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bangalore
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Niyati
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Parekh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged