title: Evaluating Common Humoral Responses against Fungal Infections with Yeast Protein Microarrays.
abstract: We profiled the global immunoglobulin response against fungal infection by using yeast protein microarrays. Groups of CD-1 mice were infected systemically with human fungal pathogens (Coccidioides posadasii, Candida albicans, or Paracoccidioides brasiliensis) or inoculated with PBS as a control. Another group was inoculated with heat-killed yeast (HKY) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. After 30 days, serum from mice in the groups were collected and used to probe S. cerevisiae protein microarrays containing 4800 full-length glutathione S-transferase (GST)-fusion proteins. Antimouse IgG conjugated with Alexafluor 555 and anti-GST antibody conjugated with Alexafluor 647 were used to detect antibody-antigen interactions and the presence of GST-fusion proteins, respectively. Serum after infection with C. albicans reacted with 121 proteins: C. posadasii, 81; P. brasiliensis, 67; and after HKY, 63 proteins on the yeast protein microarray, respectively. We identified a set of 16 antigenic proteins that were shared across the three fungal pathogens. These include retrotransposon capsid proteins, heat shock proteins, and mitochondrial proteins. Five of these proteins were identified in our previous study of fungal cell wall by mass spectrometry (Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2012, 1273, 44-51). The results obtained give a comprehensive view of the immunological responses to fungal infections at the proteomic level. They also offer insight into immunoreactive protein commonality among several fungal pathogens and provide a basis for a panfungal vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University , 300 Pasteur Drive, Lane L-134, Stanford, California 94305-5107, United States.|California Institute for Medical Research , 2260 Clove Drive, San Jose, California 95128, United States.|Departamento de Biologia Celular, Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Avenida dos Bandeirantes, Universidade de São Paulo , Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brasil.
authors.forename: Paulo S R
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Stanford University , 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305-5120, United States.
authors.forename: Hogune
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Im
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University , 300 Pasteur Drive, Lane L-134, Stanford, California 94305-5107, United States.|California Institute for Medical Research , 2260 Clove Drive, San Jose, California 95128, United States.
authors.forename: Karl V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Clemons
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Stanford University , 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305-5120, United States.
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University , 300 Pasteur Drive, Lane L-134, Stanford, California 94305-5107, United States.|California Institute for Medical Research , 2260 Clove Drive, San Jose, California 95128, United States.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Stevens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000908:Antibodies, Fungal / Q000097:blood*; D000946:Antigens, Fungal / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009181:Mycoses / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D040081:Protein Array Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000908:Antibodies, Fungal; D000946:Antigens, Fungal; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisae; fungal infection; protein microarray; serum profiling