title: Effect of starch source (corn, oats or wheat) and concentration on fermentation by equine faecal microbiota in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal was to determine the effect of starch source (corn, oats and wheat) and concentration on: (i) total amylolytic bacteria, Group D Gram-positive cocci (GPC), lactobacilli and lactate-utilizing bacteria, and (ii) fermentation by equine microbiota.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When faecal washed cell suspensions were incubated with any substrate amylolytics increased over time. However, at 24 h there were 10 and 1000-fold more amylolytics with corn than wheat or oats respectively. Predominant amylolytics isolated were Enterococcus faecalis (corn, wheat) and Streptococcus bovis (oats). GPC increased with any substrate, but decreased during stationary phase in oats only. Lactobacilli decreased during stationary phase with corn only. By 24 h, oats had more lactate-utilizers and lactobacilli and fewer GPC than corn and wheat. More gas was produced from oats or wheat than from corn.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the growth of bacteria and fermentative capacity associated with starch metabolism is starch source dependent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates a relationship between starch source and microbial changes independent of host digestion. However, future research is needed to evaluate the effect of starch source on the hindgut microbial community in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Harlow
authors.affiliation: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Donley
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.|USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors.forename: M D
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8868-9169
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Flythe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018554:Avena / Q000378:metabolism*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D004063:Digestion; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005285:Fermentation; D006736:Horses; D064307:Microbiota; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism*; D014908:Triticum / Q000378:metabolism*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D013213:Starch
keywords: Lactobacillus; enterococci; hindgut acidosis; horse; streptococci