title: Within-Family Discussion on Harmful Effects of Smoking and Intention to Initiate Smoking Among European Adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The main objective of this study was to determine the impact of discussion within family about the harmful effects of smoking on intention to initiate smoking in the long term among nonsmoking adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from Global Youth Tobacco Survey for 25 European countries were used. The outcomes of interest were, therefore, the intention to initiate smoking 1 and 5 years after the survey. Discussion within family about harmful effect of smoking was the main predictor with age, sex, and smoking status of parents, friends, and classmates as covariates. The association between predictors and outcomes was assessed through multiple regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 118,703 nonsmoking adolescents were included. Within-family discussion significantly reduced the odds of intention to initiate smoking 1 and 5 years later. Intention to initiate smoking also was significantly associated with the smoking status of friends, classmates, and parents, except for father's smoking status, which was not associated with intention to initiate 1 year later.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that within-family discussion about the harmful effects of smoking may contribute to reduce the intention to start smoking among adolescents in the long term. Such a discussion was associated with reduced intention to smoke even when adjusting for parent/friend and classmate smoking.
authors.affiliation: From the Centre of Population Oral Health & Clinical Prevention Studies (MM, BAS, NY) and Centre of Studies for Oral Pathology (YM, LTY), Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia; Division of Population & Patient Health (MM), Dental Institute, King's College London, UK; Department of Global Public Health (DR, MM), Jeffery Cheah School of Dental Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia; and Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases (SP), Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Mohd
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masood
authors.forename: Yaghma
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Masood
authors.forename: Budi Aslinie
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Md Sabri
authors.forename: Luay Thanoon
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Younis
authors.forename: Norashikin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yusof
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reidpath
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D005060:Europe / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations / Q000208:ethnology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000208:ethnology*