title: Implications of microbiota and bile acid in liver injury and regeneration.
abstract: Studies examining the mechanisms by which the liver incurs injury and then regenerates usually focus on factors and pathways directly within the liver, neglecting the signaling derived from the gut-liver axis. The intestinal content is rich in microorganisms as well as metabolites generated from both the host and colonizing bacteria. Through the gut-liver axis, this complex "soup" exerts an immense impact on liver integrity and function. This review article summarizes data published in the past 30 years demonstrating the signaling derived from the gut-liver axis in relation to liver injury and regeneration. Due to the intricate networks of implicated pathways as well as scarcity of available mechanistic data, it seems that nutrigenomic, metabolomics, and microbiota profiling approaches are warranted to provide a better understanding regarding the interplay and impact between nutrition, bacteria, and host response in influencing liver function and healing. Therefore elucidating the possible molecular mechanisms that link microbiota alteration to host physiological response and vice versa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Hui-Xin
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Keane
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA, USA. Electronic address: yjywan@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: Yu-Jui Yvonne
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wan
mesh_terms: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000502:physiology; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008099:Liver / Q000293:injuries* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology; D008115:Liver Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D064307:Microbiota / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D004731:Endotoxins
keywords: Bile acid receptor; FXR; Gut dysbiosis; Gut-liver axis; Nuclear receptor; Partial hepatectomy; Prebiotic; Probiotic