title: Macroscopic findings during endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endeavor to intraoperative macroscopic evaluation of changes in children with CRSs. Analysis of the type and incidence of pathological changes observed macroscopically during FESS was undertaken as well as an parallel attempt to correlate the level of inflammation markers with severity of disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of case records of 153 patients of the Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Medical University of Warsaw, hospitalized between 2010 and 2013. During that time 106 patients with a diagnosis of chronic maxillary sinusitis required surgical intervention. 102 children (avg-aged 11.5 years) were qualified to functional endoscopic surgery. The youngest patient was 3 years old and the oldest 18. 26 patients presented the polypoid lesions of sinuses or nasals. At 19 confirmed the coexistence of sinus polyps with nasal polyps.
  
  
  RESULTS
  76 patients had oedematous-inflammatory lesions and 26 polypoid. Among the group of listed above 26 children, 19 had either sinuses or nasal polyps. 15% children with polyps were diagnosed with cystic fibrosis and 8.0% with asthma. A common deviation in the results of morphology in children with CRSs is higher level of monocytes. Inflammation markers within the population of FESS qualified children were low.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) Oedematous-inflammatory lesions are frequently intraoperatively identified. (2) The CRSs without polyps is the common type of chronic sinusitis in children. (3) Nasal polyps often coexist with sinus polyps. (4) If nasal polyps are found in pediatric population then diagnosis of CF, allergy and GERD should be considered. (5) Markers of inflammation in CRSs are low.
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Pediatric ENT, Poland. Electronic address: l.p.chmielik@chmielik.pl.
authors.forename: Lechoslaw Pawel
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Chmielik
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Pediatric ENT, Poland.
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Raczkowska-Labuda
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Pediatric ENT, Poland.
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zawadzka-Glos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications; D002452:Cell Count; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000150:complications; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015523:Maxillary Sinusitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D009000:Monocytes; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Chronic rhinosinusitis; Chronic sinusitis in children; Functional endoscopic sinus surgery; Sinusitis