title: tRNA-dependent alanylation of diacylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol in Corynebacterium glutamicum.
abstract: Aminoacyl-phosphatidylglycerol synthases (aaPGSs) are membrane proteins that utilize aminoacylated tRNAs to modify membrane lipids with amino acids. Aminoacylation of membrane lipids alters the biochemical properties of the cytoplasmic membrane and enables bacteria to adapt to changes in environmental conditions. aaPGSs utilize alanine, lysine and arginine as modifying amino acids, and the primary lipid recipients have heretofore been defined as phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and cardiolipin. Here we identify a new pathway for lipid aminoacylation, conserved in many Actinobacteria, which results in formation of Ala-PG and a novel alanylated lipid, Alanyl-diacylglycerol (Ala-DAG). Ala-DAG formation in Corynebacterium glutamicum is dependent on the activity of an aaPGS homolog, whereas formation of Ala-PG requires the same enzyme acting in concert with a putative esterase encoded upstream. The presence of alanylated lipids is sufficient to enhance the bacterial fitness of C. glutamicum cultured in the presence of certain antimicrobial agents, and elucidation of this system expands the known repertoire of membrane lipids acting as substrates for amino acid modification in bacterial cells.
authors.affiliation: Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA.
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA.
authors.forename: Jesse S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.affiliation: Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Grube
authors.affiliation: Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA.
authors.forename: Austin E F
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Sheppe
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033, Tokyo, Japan.|RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako-shi, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Nahoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033, Tokyo, Japan.|RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako-shi, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryohei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033, Tokyo, Japan.|RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako-shi, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nureki
authors.affiliation: Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA.
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Roy
mesh_terms: D049148:Aminoacylation; D019881:Aminoacyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048230:Corynebacterium glutamicum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000378:metabolism*; D056084:Genetic Fitness; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010715:Phosphatidylglycerols / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012343:RNA, Transfer / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C011439:1,2-diacylglycerol; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004075:Diglycerides; D010715:Phosphatidylglycerols; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; C015656:alanylphosphatidylglycerol; D012343:RNA, Transfer; D019881:Aminoacyltransferases