title: Working Memory and Response Inhibition in Patients With Bipolar I Disorder During Euthymic Period.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several cognitive domains, including attention, memory, and executive functions are impaired in bipolar disorder.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate two executive functions (working memory and response inhibition) in patients with bipolar I disorder during remission of the symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this case-control design, 30 bipolar I patients (18 to 45 years old) were matched with 30 ones in the control group in terms of age, gender, and education. The patients were selected from Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital (a hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences) from May to October 2013. They were evaluated and contrasted using working memory (Spatial Span and Spatial Working Memory (SSP and SWM)) and response inhibition (Stop Signal Task (SST)) tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We used independent t-tests for comparing and contrasting 2 groups on total and sub-scales scores of these 3 tests. In terms of SWM test there was a significant difference in between-group error between the two groups (P = 0.05); there was also a meaningful difference between the strategies used by two groups (P = 0.05). In SSP test, a significant difference appeared between averages of span length of the two groups. In the first and last item delays, there was also a clear difference, but the total error index was not noticeably different. In SST test, the direction error indicator in start-stop trials indicated a major difference, while in successful stops ratio, the case group had a lower ratio. In addition, reaction time to stop signs in bipolar group was meaningfully lower than the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, even during remission phase, executive dysfunction is detectable at least in some areas in patients with bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Farahmand
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tehrani-Doost
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Homayoun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Amini
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Abolfazl
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Research Centre, Tehran Psychiatric Institute, Faculty of Behavioral Science and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mosleh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirzaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Azar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohamadzadeh
keywords: Bipolar Disorder; Executive Functions; Inhibition; Working Memory