title: Successful use of ultrasound-guided caudal catheter in a child with a very low termination of dural sac and Opitz-GBBB syndrome: a case report.
abstract: We report a 2-year-old patient with Opitz-GBBB syndrome scheduled for a posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP). The ultrasound scan revealed the inferior end of dural sac just below sacrococcygeal membrane, although the patient had previously two successful caudal epidural blocks. Consequently, the epidural catheter was inserted under a real-time ultrasound guidance without dural puncture. Our patient had excellent pain relief without any side effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Branislav
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mislovic
mesh_terms: D000763:Anesthesia, Caudal / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004947:Esophagus / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006972:Hypertelorism / Q000601:surgery*; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D013115:Spinal Canal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
keywords: Opitz-GBBB syndrome; anesthesia; caudal; child; pain; spinal canal; ultrasound