title: Ancestry and BMI Influences on Facial Soft Tissue Depths for A Cohort of Chinese and Caucasoid Women in Dunedin, New Zealand.
abstract: This study measured and assessed facial soft tissue depths (FSTDs) in adult female Chinese and New Zealand (NZ) Europeans (Caucasoids). Ultrasound was used to obtain depths at nine landmarks on 108 healthy subjects (51 Chinese, 57 NZ European), erect positioned, of same age group (18-29 years). Height and weight were also recorded. Statistical analysis focused on comparison of tissue depth between the two ancestry groups and the influence of Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/m2). Results showed mean depth differences at Supra M2 and Infra M2 landmarks significantly greater for Chinese than Caucasoid women for all three BMI Classes (BMI<20, 20≤BMI<25, 25≤BMI<30), even BMI<20. For both groups BMI positively correlated with FSTD values at all landmarks except Labrale superius. This study enabled ancestry and BMI influence on FSTDs to be observed and compared for two distinct groups. Results add to knowledge about facial tissue depth variation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Louisa J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Baillie
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Seyed Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mirijali
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Brian E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Niven
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Phil
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Blyth
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Dias
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009520:New Zealand; D014463:Ultrasonography; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Chinese; New Zealand European (Caucasoid); body mass index; facial reconstruction; facial soft tissue depth; forensic science; ultrasound