title: Surgery for Primary Proximal Hypospadias with Ventral Curvature >30°.
abstract: This review discusses means for straightening ventral curvature >30°, and then subsequent urethroplasty using either one-stage flaps or two-stage flaps or grafts. The wide variation in reported results from these various techniques makes determination of best management difficult; however, it is clear that complications for repairs done in major centers can range to ≥50%. Given the rarity of proximal hypospadias with ventral curvature >30°, which occurs in approximately 400 newborns annually in the USA, centers should refer these cases to subspecialists within the group who can then develop and maintain expertise.
authors.affiliation: PARC Urology, Dallas, TX, USA, snodgrass@parcurology.com.
authors.forename: Warren
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Snodgrass
authors.forename: Nicol
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bush
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D019737:Transplants; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery*