title: Cellulose acetate from oil palm empty fruit bunch via a one step heterogeneous acetylation.
abstract: Acetone soluble oil palm empty fruit bunch cellulose acetate (OPEFB-CA) of DS 2.52 has been successfully synthesized in a one-step heterogeneous acetylation of OPEFB cellulose without necessitating the hydrolysis stage. This has only been made possible by the mathematical modeling of the acetylation process by manipulating the variables of reaction time and acetic anhydride/cellulose ratio (RR). The obtained model was verified by experimental data with an error of less than 2.5%. NMR analysis showed that the distribution of the acetyl moiety among the three OH groups of cellulose indicates a preference at the C6 position, followed by C3 and C2. XRD revealed that OPEFB-CA is highly amorphous with a degree of crystallinity estimated to be ca. 6.41% as determined from DSC. The OPEFB-CA films exhibited good mechanical properties being their tensile strength and Young's modulus higher than those of the commercial CA.
authors.affiliation: Bioresource, Paper and Coating Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia. Electronic address: wanrosli@usm.my.
authors.forename: Wan Rosli
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Wan Daud
authors.affiliation: Bioresource, Paper and Coating Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia; Chemical Engineering Department, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Jl. Syech Abdurrauf Kopelma Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia. Electronic address: fauziemdj@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Fauzi Muhammad
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Djuned
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000737:chemistry; D000107:Acetylation; D028023:Arecaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D005735:Garbage; D008956:Models, Chemical; D000073878:Palm Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D010938:Plant Oils; D000096:Acetone; C005062:acetylcellulose; D000073878:Palm Oil; D002482:Cellulose
keywords: Acetic anhydride/cellulose ratio (RR); Cellulose acetate; Heterogeneous acetylation; Mathematical modeling; OPEFB cellulose