title: Panaxadiol Saponin and Dexamethasone Improve Renal Function in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mouse Model of Acute Kidney Injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which has a high mortality rate. Previous studies showed that panaxadiol saponin (PDS) and Dexamethasone have similar anti-inflammatory properties and protect cardiopulmonary function in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic shock rats. In the present study, we investigated whether PDS or Dexamethasone has a similar role in improving kidney function in LPS-induced AKI mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mice subjected to LPS (10 mg/kg) treatment exhibited AKI demonstrated by markedly increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels compared with controls (P<0.01). However, PDS and Dexamethasone induce similar reverse effects on renal function, such as reduced serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels compared with the LPS group (P<0.05). PDS decreased the production and release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, down-regulating inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression levels and inhibiting oxidative stress. In most anti-AKI mechanisms, PDS and dexamethasone were similar, but PDS are better at inhibition of TNF production, promote SOD activity and inhibition of IKB phosphorylation. In addition, nuclear glucocorticoid receptor expression was markedly enhanced in PDS and Dexamethasone treatment groups. Further research is required to determine whether PDS can combine with the glucocorticoid receptor to enter the nucleus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that PDS and dexamethasone have similar reverse amelioration for renal functions, and have potential application prospects in the treatment of sepsis-induced AKI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Nephropathy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Yanwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Pin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Xuejian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; C004564:panaxadiol; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D003907:Dexamethasone; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase