title: Acute kidney injury associated with androgenic steroids and nutritional supplements in bodybuilders(†).
abstract: Four bodybuilders who injected anabolic steroids and ingested commercial protein (78-104 g/day) and creatine (15 g/day) products presented with serum creatinine levels between 229.84 and 335.92 µmol/L (2.6-3.8 mg/dL). Renal biopsies revealed acute tubular necrosis. Four weeks after discontinuing injections and supplements, serum creatinine was in the normal range and estimated glomerular filtration rate > 1.00 mL/s (60 mL/min), including two patients with biopsies showing >30% interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. The findings highlight a risk for acute and potentially chronic kidney injury among young men abusing anabolic steroids and using excessive amounts of nutritional supplements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine , Hawler College of Medicine , Erbil (Hawler) , Kurdistan Iraq ; Department of Nephrology , Hawler College of Medicine , Erbil (Hawler) , Kurdistan Iraq.
authors.forename: Safa E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Almukhtar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology , Shorsh General Hospital , Sulaimaniyah , Kurdistan Iraq.
authors.forename: Alaa A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology , Shorsh General Hospital , Sulaimaniyah , Kurdistan Iraq.
authors.forename: Dana N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Muhealdeen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology , Shorsh General Hospital , Sulaimaniyah , Kurdistan Iraq.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hughson
keywords: acute kidney injury; anabolic steroids; body building; chronic kidney disease; nutritional supplements