title: Diagnostic utility of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 immunostaining in the diagnosis of mammary analogue secretory carcinoma of the salivary gland: A comparative study of salivary gland cancers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) with an ETS variant gene 6 (ETV6)-neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 3 (NTRK3) translocation is a newly described type of salivary gland cancer. It is known that overexpression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a (STAT5a) occurs in secretory carcinoma of the breast and MASC, and STAT5a expression may be related to the ETV6-NTRK3 translocation. It was hypothesized that phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (p-STAT5) might be specifically expressed in MASC of the salivary gland.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of p-STAT5 and mammaglobin (MMG) was examined with immunohistochemistry (IHC)/immunocytochemistry (ICC) in tissue sections from 58 salivary gland cancers (8 MASCs and 50 other salivary gland cancers) and in cytological smears from 17 salivary gland cancers (7 MASCs with paired histologic samples and 10 other salivary gland cancers).
  
  
  RESULTS
  p-STAT5 IHC was clearly increased in MASC versus normal salivary gland tissue and other salivary gland cancers. p-STAT5 expression was found in 7 of 8 MASCs (87.5%) and in none of the 50 other salivary gland cancers (0%) by IHC. On cytology, p-STAT5 expression was found in all cases of MASC (7 of 7 or 100%) but in none of the 10 other salivary gland cancers (0%) by ICC. The expression rate of MMG by histology and cytology was higher than that of p-STAT5 in the other salivary gland cancers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  p-STAT5 might be useful as a detection marker of MASC in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland cancers, and initial screening with p-STAT5 IHC/ICC, combined with auxiliary fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmation, is a reliable, economical approach to identifying MASC of the salivary gland.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taira
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan.
authors.forename: Yorihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takase
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurita
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics Center, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan.|Shin-Koga Hospital, Kurume, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sadashima
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics Center, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.affiliation: Chikugo City Hospital, Kurume, Japan.
authors.forename: Ichio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University Hospital and School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujisaki
authors.affiliation: Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunobu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sueyoshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Akiba
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kage
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018267:Carcinoma, Acinar Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018277:Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015321:Gene Rearrangement; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D060785:Mammaglobin A / Q000378:metabolism; D000069295:Mammary Analogue Secretory Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / Q000235:genetics; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014178:Translocation, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult; D020812:Receptor, trkC; D000097764:ETS Translocation Variant 6 Protein
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D060785:Mammaglobin A; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C484319:ETV6-NTRK3 fusion protein, human; D020812:Receptor, trkC; D000097764:ETS Translocation Variant 6 Protein; C494092:STAT5A protein, human
keywords: ETS variant gene 6-neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 3 (ETV6-NTRK3); immunohistochemistry; mammaglobin; mammary analogue secretory carcinoma; phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (p-STAT5); salivary gland tumor