title: Design and feasibility of integrating personalized PRO dashboards into prostate cancer care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are a valued source of health information, but prior work focuses largely on data capture without guidance on visual displays that promote effective PRO use in patient-centered care. We engaged patients, providers, and design experts in human-centered design of "PRO dashboards" that illustrate trends in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) reported by patients following prostate cancer treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We designed and assessed the feasibility of integrating dashboards into care in 3 steps: (1) capture PRO needs of patients and providers through focus groups and interviews; (2) iteratively build and refine a prototype dashboard; and (3) pilot test dashboards with patients and their provider during follow-up care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Focus groups (n = 60 patients) prioritized needs for dashboards that compared longitudinal trends in patients' HRQOL with "men like me." Of the candidate dashboard designs, 50 patients and 50 providers rated pictographs less helpful than bar charts, line graphs, or tables (P < .001) and preferred bar charts and line graphs most. Given these needs and the design recommendations from our Patient Advisory Board (n = 7) and design experts (n = 7), we built and refined a prototype that charts patients' HRQOL compared with age- and treatment-matched patients in personalized dashboards. Pilot testing dashboard use (n = 12 patients) improved compliance with quality indicators for prostate cancer care (P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PRO dashboards are a promising approach for integrating patient-generated data into prostate cancer care. Informed by human-centered design principles, this work establishes guidance on dashboard content, tailoring, and clinical use that patients and providers find meaningful.
authors.affiliation: Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA hartzler.a@ghc.org.
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hartzler
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology and Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Jason P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Izard
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Dalkin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Sean P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Mikles
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gore
mesh_terms: D005240:Feasibility Studies; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D018802:Patient-Centered Care; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D014584:User-Computer Interface
keywords: data display; patient-centered care; patient-provider communication; patient-reported outcomes; user-computer interface