title: Endovascular treatment of acute and chronic portal vein thrombosis in patients with cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic liver.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treatment of patients with portal vein thrombosis (PVT) differs due to different etiology and wide range of symptoms but certain patients seems to benefit from endovascular intervention.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the safety and efficiency of endovascular treatment of acute and chronic PVT in patients with cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic liver.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients with PVT treated with an endovascular procedure in 2002-2013 were studied retrospectively. Data on etiology, onset and extension of thrombus, presenting symptoms, methods of intervention, portal pressure gradients, complications, recurrence of symptoms, re-interventions, clinical status at latest follow-up, and survival were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four non-cirrhotic patients with acute extensive PVT and bowel ischemia were treated with local thrombolysis, in three combined with placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement. Three recovered and have survived more than 6 years. In six non-cirrhotic patients with chronic PVT and acute or threatening variceal bleeding recanalization and TIPS were successful in three and failed in three. Eleven cirrhotic patients with PVT and variceal bleeding or refractory ascites were successfully treated with recanalization and TIPS. Re-intervention was performed in five of these patients and five patients died, three within 12 months of intervention. Four cirrhotic patients had episodes of shunt-related encephalopathy and three had variceal re-bleeding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TIPS was found to be effective in reducing portal hypertension in patients with PVT. In patients with extensive PVT and bowel ischemia treatment with TIPS combined with thrombolysis should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Section of Interventional and Gastrointestinal Radiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden kerstin.rosenqvist@akademiska.se.
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rosenqvist
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Section of Interventional and Gastrointestinal Radiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lars-Gunnar
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rorsman
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sangfelt
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Section of Interventional and Gastrointestinal Radiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Rickard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nyman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D057510:Endovascular Procedures; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011169:Portal Vein; D019168:Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D015996:Survival Rate; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Portal vein; endovascular procedure; liver cirrhosis; retrospective study; thrombosis