title: A 200-m All-out Front-crawl Swim Modifies Competitive Swimmers' Shoulder Joint Position Sense.
abstract: We tested the hypothesis that an all-out-effort 200-m front-crawl swim trial affects competitive swimmers' shoulder joint position sense. On Day 1, we measured shoulder joint position sense before and after the swim trial, and on Day 2 before and after 2 min of seated rest. On both days, shoulder joint position sense was measured in the seated position using electromagnetic movement sensors in a position-matching paradigm. An investigator abducted participants' left (reference) shoulder joint in the frontal plane to test angles of 90°, 135°, and 180°. Participants then actively abducted the right (indicator) shoulder joint to match the position of the left, reference arm. After the 200-m all-out front-crawl swim trial, the indicator relative to the reference angle differed by 4.4° toward adduction at the 180° (vertical) testing position (P<0.05). Variation in absolute matching error was 3.2° or 2.2 times greater after swim compared with the no-swim control trial. An all-out 200-m front-crawl swim trial can selectively increase competitive swimmers' shoulder joint position sense error and increase variation in matching error in horizontal arm position.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Sciences, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uematsu
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kurita
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okuno
authors.affiliation: University of Groningen, University of Groningen Medical Center, Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hortobágyi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult