title: Investigation into process-induced de-aggregation of cohesive micronised API particles.
abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of unit processes on the de-aggregation of a cohesive micronised API within a pharmaceutical formulation using near-infrared chemical imaging. The impact on the primary API particles was also investigated using an image-based particle characterization system with integrated Raman analysis. The blended material was shown to contain large, API rich domains which were distributed in-homogeneously across the sample, suggesting that the blending process was not aggressive enough to disperse aggregates of micronised drug particles. Cone milling, routinely used to improve the homogeneity of such cohesive formulations, was observed to substantially reduce the number and size of API rich domains; however, several smaller API domains survived the milling process. Conveyance of the cone milled formulation through the Alexanderwerk WP120 powder feed system completely dispersed all remaining aggregates. Importantly, powder feed transmission of the un-milled formulation was observed to produce an equally homogeneous API distribution. The size of the micronised primary drug particles remained unchanged during powder feed transmission. These findings provide further evidence that this powder feed system does induce shear, and is in fact better able to disperse aggregates of a cohesive micronised API within a blend than the blend-mill-blend step.
authors.affiliation: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Reeds Lane, Moreton, Wirral CH46 1QW, UK.
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.affiliation: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Reeds Lane, Moreton, Wirral CH46 1QW, UK.
authors.forename: Patrick S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Wray
authors.affiliation: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Reeds Lane, Moreton, Wirral CH46 1QW, UK. Electronic address: john.gamble@bms.com.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Gamble
authors.affiliation: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Reeds Lane, Moreton, Wirral CH46 1QW, UK.
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tobyn
mesh_terms: D000578:Amidines / Q000737:chemistry; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry; D007785:Lactose / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013229:Stearic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000578:Amidines; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013229:Stearic Acids; C031183:stearic acid; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D002482:Cellulose; D007785:Lactose; C569626:ibipinabant; C109691:microcrystalline cellulose
keywords: Attrition; Chemical imaging; De-aggregation; Particle size; Pharmaceuticals