title: Prevalence of bovine subclinical mastitis, its etiology and diagnosis of antibiotic resistance of dairy farms in four municipalities of a tropical region of Mexico.
abstract: A region-wide survey was conducted in the tropical area of Tierra Caliente, State of Guerrero, Mexico to estimate the prevalence of subclinical bovine mastitis (SCM), distribution of mastitis pathogens, and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of different mastitis pathogens in dairy farms. In total, 1036 quarter milk samples were obtained from 259 cows at 87 different dairy farms. Collected quarter milk samples were submitted for California Mastitis Test (CMT), bacteriological examination, and testing for antimicrobial susceptibility. Overall prevalence of SCM in the studied area was 20.5 %. Prevalence in the different regions was as follows: 28 % in Arcelia municipality, 21 % in Tlalchapa municipality, 19.4 % in Pungarabato municipality, and 14.3 % in Finch Cutzamala municipality. Of all positive isolates, 97.5 % were Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, of all positive isolates, 37.5 % were Proteus vulgaris, 25 % Salmonella spp., 12.5 % Enterobacter aerogenes, and 10 % Escherichia coli. Klebsiella pneumonia and E. coli were sensitive for netilmicin antimicrobial. However, E. coli was sensitive for pefloxacin and gentamicin with a sensitivity for pefloxacin for E. aerogenes, while Staphylococci were sensitive for gentamicin and dicloxacillin. It could be concluded that practices such as the implementation of mastitis control programs, improved milking hygiene together with an intramammary treatment with netilmicin, pefloxacin, and gentamicin antimicrobials should be considered for mastitis prevention in the study area of Tierra Caliente, in the tropical area of Guerrero, Mexico.
authors.affiliation: Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Altamirano, P.O. 40660, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olivares-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed Eid
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Kholif
authors.affiliation: Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Altamirano, P.O. 40660, Mexico.
authors.forename: Saul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rojas-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Estado de México, Mexico.
authors.forename: Mona Mohamed Mohamed Yasseen
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Elghandour
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Estado de México, Mexico. asalem70@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Abdelfattah Zeidan Mohamed
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Rancho Universitario, Av. Universidad Km. 1, Ex-Hda. de Aquetzalpa AP 32, CP 43600, Tulancingo, Hidalgo, Mexico.
authors.forename: Adrian Zaragoza
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Bastida
authors.affiliation: Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Altamirano, P.O. 40660, Mexico.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Velázquez-Reynoso
authors.affiliation: Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Altamirano, P.O. 40660, Mexico.
authors.forename: Moisés
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cipriano-Salazar
authors.affiliation: Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Altamirano, P.O. 40660, Mexico.
authors.forename: Luis Miguel
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Camacho-Díaz
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Estado de México, Mexico.
authors.forename: María Uxúa
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Alonso-Fresán
authors.affiliation: North Florida Research and Education Center, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Marianna, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: DiLorenzo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D058345:Asymptomatic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D002417:Cattle; D002947:Cities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003612:Dairying; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008414:Mastitis, Bovine / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014329:Tropical Climate
keywords: Antibiotics susceptibility; Dairy farms; Mexico; Subclinical mastitis