title: Chlorpromazine-Induced Hyperprolactinemia on Rat's Uterus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperprolactinemia is a common side effect of antipsychotic drugs that requires further investigation. The current study was designed to evaluate dose-dependent effect of chlorpromazine (CPZ) on hormonal changes and uterine horn histological structure in rats. Moreover, the mammary glands were analyzed to show hyperprolactinemia-induced histological changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Albino Wistar rats (n = 32) were divided into four groups. The first group was set as a control. In the three drug-treated groups (eight rats in each group), CPZ was administered by a gavage at doses of 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg/day for 28 days. One day after the last administration of the drug, the animals were sacrificed. Histopathological and histomorphometrical analyses of the uterine horns and mammary glands were carried out to evaluate dose-dependent effect of CPZ on histological structure. Serum levels of prolactin (PRL), estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Remarkable (P < 0.05) elevation was observed in CPZ-administrated animals' uterine horn endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium thicknesses, and the mammary glands were observed with galactorrhea features. The serum level of progesterone and PRL significantly (P < 0.05) increased, while the serum concentration of LH, FSH, and estradiol was notably (P < 0.05) decreased depending on administrated CPZ dose. No histological and biological changes were occurred in the control animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings suggest that CPZ-induced disturbances not only depend on PRL level and increased PRL level largely depends on administrated doses of the CPZ.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zamani
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Samad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zare
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Embryology, Dept. of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Rajabali
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sadrkhanlou
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Embryology, Dept. of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Movahed
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002746:Chlorpromazine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D005687:Galactorrhea / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006966:Hyperprolactinemia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014599:Uterus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D011388:Prolactin; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D002746:Chlorpromazine
keywords: Hyperprolactinemia; Rats; Uterus