title: Structural brain abnormalities correlate with clinical features in patients with drug-naïve OCD: A DARTEL-enhanced voxel-based morphometry study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Abnormal brain structure has been reported in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but findings from these reports have been inconsistent. This study aimed to gain more detailed insights into gray matter structure and correlate this structure with clinical features in patients with drug-naïve OCD using voxel-based morphometry (VBM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Voxel-based morphometry and tools of Diffeomorphic Anatomical Registration through Exponentiated Lie Algebra (DARTEL) were used to investigate structural differences in gray matter volume between 26 drug-naïve OCD patients and 32 healthy controls. Partial correlation analysis was used to analyze associations of gray matter abnormalities with Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) scores and illness duration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to healthy controls, drug-naïve OCD patients showed significantly smaller gray matter volume in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), left superior temporal gyrus, left precuneus and right precentral gyrus, as well as significantly greater gray matter volume in the left anterior insula and right parahippocampal gyrus (p<0.05, corrected using the familywise error rate). Y-BOCS scores correlated positively with gray matter volume in the left anterior insula, while they correlated negatively with gray matter volume in the right DLPFC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OCD pathophysiology may involve structural changes in the DLPFC-parietal regions, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, precuneus, superior temporal gyrus and connected limbic structures such as the parahippocampal gyrus and anterior insula. Longitudinal studies are needed that integrate anatomical, functional and diffusion MRI data.
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Center, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Centre for Educational and Health Psychology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; School of Business, Uncertainty Decision-Making Laboratory, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Wanjie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Center, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Business, Uncertainty Decision-Making Laboratory, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Jiuping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Center, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. Electronic address: yanchunyang1958@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yanchun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. Electronic address: qiyonggong@hmrrc.org.cn.
authors.forename: Qiyong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000473:pathology*; D009929:Organ Size; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012984:Software
keywords: DARTEL; Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; Drug-naïve; Obsessive–compulsive disorder; Voxel-based morphometry