title: Response of wheat and pea seedlings on increase of bromine concentration in the growth medium.
abstract: Biogeochemical cycles of bromine (Br) and its quantitative requirements for different plant species are still studied poorly. There is a need to examine Br pathways in plants and evaluate the factors important for Br accumulation in a plant. In the present work, the effects of different Br compounds on an uptake of Br by two plant species (wheat and pea) that tolerate Br differently (pea is more sensitive to Br compared with wheat) have been studied. The growth medium was spiked with either KBr or NaBr at concentrations 0, 10, 50 and 100 mg/L. Elemental analysis of the plants was performed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and ICP-MS analytical techniques after leaching of the samples with tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide at mild temperature (60 °C). The experimental results have shown that wheat and pea seedlings can accumulate rather large amounts of Br. An increase of Br concentration in a plant was not always directly proportional to the variations in the Br concentration in the growth medium. In wheat, the greater part of Br was accumulated during first 7 days. In pea, the uptake of Br lasted until the end of the experiment. Certain differences in the ability of plants to accumulate Br were observed when the plants were grown in a medium spiked with different Br compounds. In most cases, Br accumulation was higher in the leaves of the plants grown in the medium spiked with KBr. The same tendency was observed for another halogen, chlorine (Cl).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Earth Sciences, St. Petersburg University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia. shtangeeva@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shtangeeva
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niemelä
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Paavo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perämäki
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Sergey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Timofeev
mesh_terms: D001965:Bromides / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003470:Culture Media; D018532:Pisum sativum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D017670:Sodium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014908:Triticum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001965:Bromides; D003470:Culture Media; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D017670:Sodium Compounds; C027938:sodium bromide; C039004:potassium bromide
keywords: Bromine; Halogens; Pea; Plant uptake; Potassium; Sodium; Wheat