title: Extraintestinal manifestations of coeliac disease.
abstract: Coeliac disease is a common disorder that can arise at any age and typically presents with a broad spectrum of symptoms. The disease is thought to be underdiagnosed, in part owing to the fact that coeliac disease is often characterized by associated conditions and extraintestinal manifestations that can misdirect and impede diagnosis. Some of these manifestations are direct consequences of autoimmunity, such as dermatitis herpetiformis or gluten ataxia, whereas others are indirectly related to inflammation and/or malabsorption including anaemia, osteoporosis, short stature and delayed puberty. Any organ from the central nervous system to joints, liver or teeth can be affected. In some cases, extraintestinal symptoms are the only clinical manifestations of coeliac disease or occur in conjunction with diarrhoea and malabsorptive symptoms. An increased awareness among medical practitioners of the variety of extraintestinal manifestations of coeliac disease is essential to improve diagnosis and treatment.
authors.affiliation: The Celiac Centre at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Leffler
authors.affiliation: Celiac Disease Centre at Columbia University, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, HP 934, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Peter H R
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: Centre for Celiac Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fasano
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000209:etiology; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000209:etiology