title: Quantification of maltol in Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng) products by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maltol, as a type of phenolic compounds, is produced by the browning reaction during the high-temperature treatment of ginseng. Thus, maltol can be used as a marker for the quality control of various ginseng products manufactured by high-temperature treatment including red ginseng. For the quantification of maltol in Korean ginseng products, an effective high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method was developed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The HPLC-DAD method for maltol quantification coupled with a liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method was developed and validated in terms of linearity, precision, and accuracy. An HPLC separation was performed on a C18 column.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LLE methods and HPLC running conditions for maltol quantification were optimized. The calibration curve of the maltol exhibited good linearity (R (2) = 1.00). The limit of detection value of maltol was 0.26 μg/mL, and the limit of quantification value was 0.79 μg/mL. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the data of the intra- and inter-day experiments were <1.27% and 0.61%, respectively. The results of the recovery test were 101.35-101.75% with an RSD value of 0.21-1.65%. The developed method was applied successfully to quantify the maltol in three ginseng products manufactured by different methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of validation demonstrated that the proposed HPLC-DAD method was useful for the quantification of maltol in various ginseng products.
authors.affiliation: Ginseng Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-746, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Cheol
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Ginseng Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-746, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Do
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Ginseng Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-746, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Chan
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Ginseng Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-746, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Kyoung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.affiliation: Ginseng Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-746, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Yoon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Ginseng Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-746, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Tack
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Ginseng Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-746, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Ginseng Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-746, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Chul
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Ginseng Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-746, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Won
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Cho
keywords: High-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector; Panax ginseng; maltol; quantification; validation