title: The EpiOcular™ Eye Irritation Test is the Method of Choice for the In Vitro Eye Irritation Testing of Agrochemical Formulations: Correlation Analysis of EpiOcular Eye Irritation Test and BCOP Test Data According to the UN GHS, US EPA and Brazil ANVISA Classification Schemes.
abstract: The Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) test is commonly used for the identification of severe ocular irritants (GHS Category 1), but it is not recommended for the identification of ocular irritants (GHS Category 2). The incorporation of human reconstructed tissue model-based tests into a tiered test strategy to identify ocular non-irritants and replace the Draize rabbit eye irritation test has been suggested (OECD TG 405). The value of the EpiOcular™ Eye Irritation Test (EIT) for the prediction of ocular non-irritants (GHS No Category) has been demonstrated, and an OECD Test Guideline (TG) was drafted in 2014. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the BCOP test, in conjunction with corneal histopathology (as suggested for the evaluation of the depth of the injury( and/or the EpiOcular-EIT, could be used to predict the eye irritation potential of agrochemical formulations according to the UN GHS, US EPA and Brazil ANVISA classification schemes. We have assessed opacity, permeability and histopathology in the BCOP assay, and relative tissue viability in the EpiOcular-EIT, for 97 agrochemical formulations with available in vivo eye irritation data. By using the OECD TG 437 protocol for liquids, the BCOP test did not result in sufficient correct predictions of severe ocular irritants for any of the three classification schemes. The lack of sensitivity could be improved somewhat by the inclusion of corneal histopathology, but the relative viability in the EpiOcular-EIT clearly outperformed the BCOP test for all three classification schemes. The predictive capacity of the EpiOcular-EIT for ocular non-irritants (UN GHS No Category) for the 97 agrochemical formulations tested (91% sensitivity, 72% specificity and 82% accuracy for UN GHS classification) was comparable to that obtained in the formal validation exercise underlying the OECD draft TG. We therefore conclude that the EpiOcular-EIT is currently the best in vitro method for the prediction of the eye irritation potential of liquid agrochemical formulations.
authors.affiliation: BASF SE Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Kolle
authors.affiliation: BASF SE Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
authors.forename: Maria Cecilia
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Rey Moreno
authors.affiliation: BASF SE Agricultural Products Formulation Development, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
authors.forename: Winfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.affiliation: BASF Corporation, Research Triangle Park, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Cott
authors.affiliation: BASF SE Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
authors.forename: Bennard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van Ravenzwaay
authors.affiliation: BASF SE Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Landsiedel
mesh_terms: D016573:Agrochemicals / Q000633:toxicity*; D000826:Animal Testing Alternatives; D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D001938:Brazil; D002417:Cattle; D003318:Corneal Opacity / Q000139:chemically induced; D005123:Eye / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007509:Irritants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D011817:Rabbits; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014480:United Nations; D014481:United States; D014484:United States Environmental Protection Agency
chemical_list: D016573:Agrochemicals; D007509:Irritants