title: Establishment of Reference Ranges for Prostate Volume and Annual Prostate Volume Change Rate in Korean Adult Men: Analyses of a Nationwide Screening Population.
abstract: We aimed to determine normal reference ranges for prostate volume (PV) and annual PV change rate in a Korean nationwide screening population. Data from men who underwent a routine health check-up were collected from 13 university hospitals. The cohort comprised men aged ≥40 yr who had undergone 2 or more serial transrectal ultrasonographies. Men with initial PV>100 mL; serum PSA level>10 ng/mL; PV reduction>20% compared with initial PV, or who had history of prostate cancer or prostate surgery, were excluded. Linear regression and mixed effects regression analyses were used to predict mean PV and longitudinal change in PV over time. A total of 2,967 men formed the study cohort. Age, body mass index (BMI), and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level were found to be significant predictors of PV. A predicted PV table, with a 95% confidence interval (CIs), was developed after adjusting for these 3 variables. Annual PV change rate was 0.51 mL/year (95% CI, 0.47-0.55). Annual PV change rate according to age was 0.68 mL/year, 0.84 mL/year, 1.09 mL/year, and 0.50 mL/year for subjects in their 40s, 50s, 60s, and ≥70 yr, respectively. Predicted annual PV change rate differed depending on age, BMI, serum PSA level and baseline PV. From a nationwide screening database, we established age-, PSA-, and BMI-specific reference ranges for PV and annual PV change rate in Korean men. Our newly established reference ranges for PV and annual PV change rate will be valuable in interpreting PV data in Korean men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jinsung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Gi
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Beomseok
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: In Ho
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Konkuk University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Paick
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung-Lae
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000592:standards*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D011467:Prostate / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000592:standards*; D014572:Urology / Q000592:standards*
keywords: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia; Growth; Korea; Prostate