title: Effect of extremely low frequency magnetic fields on cell proliferation and gene expression.
abstract: Owing to concerns regarding possible effects of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) on human health, many studies have been conducted to elucidate whether ELF-MF can induce modifications in biological processes. Despite this, controversies regarding effects of ELF-MF are still rife. In this study, we investigated biological effects of ELF-MF on MCF10A, MCF7, Jurkat, and NIH3T3 cell lines. ELF-MF with a magnetic flux density of 1 mT at 60 Hz was employed to stimulate cells for 4 or 16 h, after which the effects of ELF-MF on cell proliferation, cell death, cell viability, and DNA synthesis rates were assessed. Whereas Jurkat and NIH3T3 cells showed no consistent variation in cell number, cell viability, and DNA synthesis rate, MCF10A and MCF7 cells showed consistent and significant decreases in cell number, cell viability, and DNA synthesis rates. However, there was no effect of ELF-MF on cell death in any of tested cell lines. Next, to investigate the effect of ELF-MF on gene expression, we exposed MCF7 cells to 2 mT at 60 Hz for 16 h and examined transcriptional responses by using gene expression array. We found a gene, PMAIP1, that exhibited statistically significant variation using two-fold cut-off criteria and certified its expression change by using semi-quantitative and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. From these results, we concluded that ELF-MF could induce the delay of cell cycle progression in MCF7 and MCF10A cells in a cell context-specific manner and could up-regulate PMAIP1 in MCF7 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Radio-Senescence, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Na
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.|Research Center for Radio-Senescence, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Radio-Senescence, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Bong Cho
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Gyu
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy & Division of Life Science and Pharmaceuticals, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yun-Sil
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Smart Grid Research Division, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon-si, Korea.
authors.forename: Byeong-Yoon
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Smart Grid Research Division, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon-si, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeun-Gyu
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Smart Grid Research Division, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon-si, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Myung
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Seon
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053179:Caspase 7 / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count; D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D005720:Gamma Rays / Q000009:adverse effects; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D060526:Magnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051379:Mice; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505520:CASP7 protein, human; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; C505524:Casp7 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3; D053179:Caspase 7
keywords: DNA synthesis rate; ELF-MF; cell number; cell viability; expression array