title: Dynamic balance deficits in individuals with chronic ankle instability compared to ankle sprain copers 1 year after a first-time lateral ankle sprain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the dynamic balance deficits that characterise a group with chronic ankle instability compared to lateral ankle sprain copers and non-injured controls using kinematic and kinetic outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two participants with chronic ankle instability and twenty-eight lateral ankle sprain copers were initially recruited within 2 weeks of sustaining a first-time, acute lateral ankle sprain and required to attend our laboratory 1 year later to complete the current study protocol. An additional group of non-injured individuals were also recruited to act as a control group. All participants completed the anterior, posterior-lateral and posterior-medial reach directions of the star excursion balance test. Sagittal plane kinematics of the lower extremity and associated fractal dimension of the centre of pressure path were also acquired.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants with chronic ankle instability displayed poorer performance in the anterior, posterior-medial and posterior-lateral reach directions compared with controls bilaterally, and in the posterior-lateral direction compared with lateral ankle sprain copers on their 'involved' limb only. These performance deficits in the posterior-lateral and posterior-medial directions were associated with reduced flexion and dorsiflexion displacements at the hip, knee and ankle at the point of maximum reach, and coincided with reduced complexity of the centre of pressure path.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In comparison with lateral ankle sprain copers and controls, participants with chronic ankle instability were characterised by dynamic balance deficits as measured using the SEBT. This was attested to reduced sagittal plane motions at the hip, knee and ankle joints, and reduced capacity of the stance limb to avail of its supporting base.
  
  
  METHODS
  III.
authors.affiliation: A101 School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College Dublin, Health Sciences Centre, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. cailbhe.doherty@ucdconnect.ie.
authors.forename: Cailbhe
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5284-856X
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Doherty
authors.affiliation: Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster Sports Academy, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, Co., Antrim, Northern Ireland.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bleakley
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hertel
authors.affiliation: A101 School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College Dublin, Health Sciences Centre, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Caulfield
authors.affiliation: St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.affiliation: A101 School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College Dublin, Health Sciences Centre, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.|Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Eamonn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delahunt
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Ankle joint [MeSH]; Biomechanical phenomena [MeSH]; Kinematics [MeSH]; Kinetics [MeSH]; Postural balance [MeSH]