title: Comparison of Breastmilk Odor and Vanilla Odor on Mitigating Premature Infants' Response to Pain During and After Venipuncture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The main purpose of this study was to investigate the calming effects of breastmilk odor and vanilla odor on preterm infants during and after venipuncture.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirty-five preterm infants were randomly selected and divided into three groups: control, vanilla odor, and breastmilk odor. Infants in the breastmilk group were exposed to breastmilk odor, and infants in the vanilla group were exposed to vanilla odor from 5 minutes before the start of sampling until 30 seconds after sampling. The Premature Infant Pain Profile was used for calculating quality of pain in infants during and after sampling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analyses showed that both vanilla and breastmilk odors had calming effects on premature infants during sampling, but just breastmilk odor had calming effects on infants after the end of sampling. Compared with vanilla odor, breastmilk odor has more calming effects on premature infants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Breastmilk odor can be used for calming premature infants during and after venipuncture.
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran .
authors.forename: Mahnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jebreili
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran .|2 NICU, Tabriz Children Hospital , Tabriz, Iran .
authors.forename: Hanieh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Neshat
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran .
authors.forename: Aleheh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seyyedrasouli
authors.affiliation: 3 Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran .
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghojazade
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran .
authors.forename: Mohammad Bagher
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: 5 Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran .
authors.forename: Hamed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hamishehkar
mesh_terms: D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018730:Infant Behavior; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008895:Milk, Human; D009812:Odorants; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018962:Phlebotomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012903:Smell; D031669:Vanilla