title: Twisting Tourniquet(©) Technique: introducing Schnogh, a novel device and its effectiveness in treating primary and secondary lymphedema of extremities.
abstract: Twisting Tourniquet(©) or in Thai "Schnogh" is a new invention for compression therapy of lymphedema. Twisting Tourniquet(©) Technique (TTT) is totally noninvasive for lymphedema management. After the amazing successful evidence in the first series of 28 patients, we have conducted preliminary studies in lymphedema clinics. It was found that the combination of gradually increasing constriction force by Schnogh until desired pressure was reached and maintained for 15 min, followed by a 5-min release, doing repeatedly this compression-decompression for at least 10 sessions a day, can generate acceptable results. The aim of the study was to evaluate the scientific effectiveness and establish a treatment protocol of TTT proposed as a therapeutic approach for clinical management of lymphedema. During 2006-2013, from over 3500 patients, 647 with primary/secondary lymphedema passed inclusion criteria, 307 for upper, and 340 for lower extremity. In the 5-day course of TTT, each day patients underwent 10 sessions of a 15-min compression followed by a 5-min decompression. Vegan diet was encouraged as an adjuvant therapy. Among lymphedema patients whose spectrum of edema severity ranged from mild to gigantic, TTT yielded an average volume reduction rate (VR) at 50.2% and 55.6%, making the average edema reduction volume attained at 463 and 1856 mL for upper and lower limb, respectively. The uniformed practice by Schnogh which supports a continual compression-decompression maneuver over 3.5 h daily for five consecutive days could induce an average VR at above half of the swelling in extremities of 647 patients. Schnogh is therefore effective in clinical management of lymphedema under TTT treatment of fibroblastic interstitium.
authors.affiliation: Liver Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.|Lymphology Institute of Thailand and Lymphedema Day Care Center, Nontaburi, Thailand.
authors.forename: Narumon
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chanwimalueang
authors.affiliation: Liver Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.|Lymphology Institute of Thailand and Lymphedema Day Care Center, Nontaburi, Thailand.|Lymphedema Clinic, Tokushukai Overseas Medical Cooperation Center, Tateyama Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Wichai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ekataksin
authors.affiliation: Liver Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.|Lymphology Institute of Thailand and Lymphedema Day Care Center, Nontaburi, Thailand.
authors.forename: Parkpoom
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Piyaman
authors.affiliation: Lymphology Institute of Thailand and Lymphedema Day Care Center, Nontaburi, Thailand.
authors.forename: Gedsuda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pattanapen
authors.affiliation: Lymphology Institute of Thailand and Lymphedema Day Care Center, Nontaburi, Thailand.
authors.forename: Borimas K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Hanboon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D000067269:Diet, Vegan; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013785:Thailand; D014111:Tourniquets; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Compression therapy; Schnogh; filariasis; lymphedema; twisting tourniquet; vegan