title: Bioaggregate Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation, Fusion, and Bone Resorption In Vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several bioactive bioceramics with osteoconductive effects can inhibit osteoclast formation and bone resorption in vitro, but the exact underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Bioaggregate (BA), a novel calcium silicate nanoparticulate bioceramic, significantly induces bone and periodontal regeneration. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of BA extracts on osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption.
  
  
  METHODS
  The RAW264.7 cells were treated with soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand to osteoclastogenesis. BA extracts were used to investigate the effect of BA on osteoclast differentiation, fusion, and bone resorption. Furthermore, the ions in BA extracts were quantitatively analyzed. Finally, the key molecules in the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand-RANK signaling pathway, including receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1), were explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BA suppressed osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in vitro. BA releases Si ions and a small amount of Sr ions and provides alkalinity. Treatment with BA extracts decreased the migration ability and fusion of RAW264.7 cells. We also observed that BA causes a significantly decreased expression of RANK, TRAF6, NF-κB, and NFATc1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study provides further insight into the mechanism by which calcium silicate-based bioceramics inhibit osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption and also suggests that BA is a useful material for several clinical situations because it both stimulates osteoblast differentiation and inhibits osteoclast formation.
authors.affiliation: Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wenting
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuanhe
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Glogauer
authors.affiliation: Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Yongqiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhihui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: jianghw@163.com.
authors.forename: Hongwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D001862:Bone Resorption; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002459:Cell Fusion; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000378:metabolism; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C557009:BioAggregate; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C505686:TNFRSF11A protein, human; C505688:TNFSF11 protein, human; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide
keywords: Bioaggregate; RAW264.7; bone resorption; calcium silicate bioceramic; osteoclastogenesis; osteoclasts