title: Factors associated with recent HIV testing among high-risk men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional study in Cambodia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite remarkable success in the fight against HIV, HIV prevalence in many countries remains high among key populations including men who have sex with men (MSM), and HIV testing rates is relatively low among this hard-to-reach population. This cross-sectional study explores factors associated with recent HIV testing among MSM in Cambodia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted in 2014 and included 384 MSM randomly selected from two provinces of Battembang and Siem Reap, using a two-stage cluster sampling method. A structured questionnaire was used for face-to-face interviews to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, HIV testing history, sexual behaviors, HIV testing attitudes, and HIV knowledge. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors independently associated with recent HIV testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of the participants was 23.4 (SD = 5.2). Of total, 83.6 % had been tested for HIV at least once in their lifetime, and 65.1 % had been tested for HIV in the past six months. After controlling for other covariates, MSM who had been tested for HIV in the past six months were significantly more likely to regard themselves as female (AOR = 2.29, 95 % CI = 1.06-5.37), have received some form of HIV education in the past six months (AOR = 3.97, 95 % CI = 1.91-8.26), perceive that they were at higher HIV risk compared to the general population (AOR = 2.48, 95 % CI = 1.14-4.86), have been diagnosed with an STI in the past six months (AOR = 3.19, 95 % CI = 1.02-9.24), report using a condom at last sexual intercourse with a man or woman (AOR = 2.24, 95 % CI = 1.06-3.13), and report using a condom at last sexual intercourse with a boyfriend (AOR = 2.17, 95 % CI = 1.04-5.31).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights the common practices of risky sexual behaviors and relatively low rate of recent HIV testing among MSM in Cambodia. HIV education and social marketing should be expanded and tailored for MSM, specifically addressing the risk of unprotected anal intercourse and the importance of regular HIV testing for early enrolment in the care and treatment cascade.
authors.affiliation: Research Center, KHANA, No. 33, Street 71, P.O Box 2311-PP3, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. siyan@doctor.com.|Center for Global Health Research, Public Health Program, Touro University California, 1310 Club Drive, Vallejo, CA, 94594, USA. siyan@doctor.com.
authors.forename: Siyan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Research Center, KHANA, No. 33, Street 71, P.O Box 2311-PP3, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. tsovannary@khana.org.kh.
authors.forename: Sovannary
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tuot
authors.affiliation: Research Center, KHANA, No. 33, Street 71, P.O Box 2311-PP3, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. cpheak@khana.org.kh.
authors.forename: Pheak
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chhoun
authors.affiliation: Center for Global Health Research, Public Health Program, Touro University California, 1310 Club Drive, Vallejo, CA, 94594, USA. carinne.brody@tu.edu.
authors.forename: Carinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brody
authors.affiliation: Research Center, KHANA, No. 33, Street 71, P.O Box 2311-PP3, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. pkhuondyla@khana.org.kh.
authors.forename: Khuondyla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.affiliation: Research Center, KHANA, No. 33, Street 71, P.O Box 2311-PP3, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. osopheap@khana.org.kh.
authors.forename: Sopheap
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002160:Cambodia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003075:Coitus; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult