title: Tempol alleviates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced brain injury possibly by attenuating nitrative stress.
abstract: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced brain injury leads to irreversible disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and fatality brain edema with massive cell death. Although secondary damage could, in principle, be preventable, no effective treatment approaches currently exist for patients with ICH. Tempol, a catalytic scavenger of peroxynitrite (ONOO)-derived free radicals, has been proven to ameliorate brain injury in several types of brain insults. This study aims to investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of tempol after ICH and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Collagenase-induced ICH was performed in rats. Tempol was administered immediately after ICH. The effects of tempol on ICH were evaluated by assessing neurological deficits, BBB permeability, brain edema, and apoptotic cell death. The mechanisms of action of tempol, with its clear ability on the derivative of ONOO [3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), ONOO, and its derivative-mediated nitration marker] and expression of tight junction protein [zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1)], were also investigated. Perihematomal 3-NT increased significantly following ICH and expressed around vessels accompanied by reduced and discontinuous expression of ZO-1. Tempol treatment significantly suppressed 3-NT formation and preserved ZO-1 levels, and led to improvement in neurological outcomes and reduction of BBB leakiness, brain edema, and apoptosis. In conclusion, tempol has neuroprotective potential in experimental ICH and may help combat ICH-induced brain injury in patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wanyong
authors.forename: Tan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zefeng
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiufeng
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dawei
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiaoyan
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: Fu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yaogao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017364:Collagenases; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013113:Spin Labels; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D013113:Spin Labels; C569044:Tjp1 protein, rat; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D017364:Collagenases; C001803:tempol