title: Comparison of psoas major muscle thickness measured by sonography during active straight leg raising in subjects with and without uncontrolled lumbopelvic rotation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The psoas major (PM) is important for stabilizing lumbopelvic region during active straight leg raising (ASLR). Uncontrolled lumbopelvic rotation (ULPR) frequently occurs during ASLR in subjects with poor lumbo-pelvic stability and may contribute to asymmetric symptoms including pain in lumbopelvic region.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study compared the thickness of contralateral PM (cPM) using ultrasound imaging during ASLR in subjects with and without ULPR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy male subjects (18 without ULPR, 19 with ULPR) were recruited. The thickness of the cPM during rest and ASLR without loading and with a 1-kg load was measured by ultrasound imaging. The relative muscle thickness was calculated as the thickness during ASLR/thickness at rest. Two-way mixed-model analysis of variance was used to identify significant differences in the relative thickness of the cPM between groups and within a loading status. The level of statistical significance was set at α = 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The resting thickness of the cPM in subjects without ULPR did not differ from that of subjects with ULPR. The relative thickness of the cPM in subjects without ULPR was significantly greater during ASLR than that in subjects with ULPR both without loading and with a load (p < 0.01). No significant change in thickness of the cPM was evident in those with ULPR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The thickness of the cPM was significantly greater during ASLR in subjects without ULPR than with ULPR. This result indicates that persons with ULPR have less activation of the cPM to stabilize the lumbar spine during ASLR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea. Electronic address: jeon6984@naver.com.
authors.forename: In-cheol
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Kinetic Ergocise Based on Movement Analysis Laboratory, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea. Electronic address: kwonoy@yonsei.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Oh-yun
authors.initials: OY
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, College of Tourism & Health Science, Joongbu University, Geumsan, South Korea. Electronic address: jhweon@joongbu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jong-hyuck
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Weon
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Kinetic Ergocise Based on Movement Analysis Laboratory, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea. Electronic address: dae282282@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Sung-dae
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Choung
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Kinetic Ergocise Based on Movement Analysis Laboratory, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea. Electronic address: hwangu33@nate.com.
authors.forename: Ui-jae
authors.initials: UJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D008161:Lumbosacral Region / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D010388:Pelvis / Q000502:physiology*; D016658:Psoas Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D012399:Rotation; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Muscle thickness; Psoas major; Uncontrolled lumbopelvic rotation