title: Fucoxanthinol, Metabolite of Fucoxanthin, Improves Obesity-Induced Inflammation in Adipocyte Cells.
abstract: Fucoxanthin (Fx) is a marine carotenoid found in edible brown seaweeds. We previously reported that dietary Fx metabolite into fucoxanthinol (FxOH), attenuates the weight gain of white adipose tissue of diabetic/obese KK-Ay mice. In this study, to evaluate anti-diabetic effects of Fx, we investigated improving the effect of insulin resistance on the diabetic model of KK-Ay mice. Furthermore, preventing the effect of FxOH on low-grade chronic inflammation related to oxidative stress was evaluated on 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells and a RAW264.7 macrophage cell co-culture system. A diet containing 0.1% Fx was fed to diabetic model KK-Ay mice for three weeks, then glucose tolerance was observed. Fx diet significantly improved glucose tolerance compared with the control diet group.  In in vitro studies, FxOH showed suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA expression and protein levels in a co-culture of adipocyte and macrophage cells. These findings suggest that Fx ameliorates glucose tolerance in the diabetic model mice. Furthermore, FxOH, a metabolite of Fx, suppresses low-grade chronic inflammation in adipocyte cells.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan. hayatosp@hirosaki-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hayato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan. kannoshogo1020@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanno
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan. kmsnooo0710@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kodate
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan. hoso@fish.hokudai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosokawa
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan. kmiya@fish.hokudai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyashita
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004032:Diet; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009765:Obesity; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; C491768:Ccl2 protein, mouse; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D024341:Xanthophylls; D019207:beta Carotene; C025164:fucoxanthin; C483031:fucoxanthinol
keywords: adipocyte; fucoxanthin; fucoxanthinol; inflammation; obesity