title: Identification and quantification of metabolites of AB-CHMINACA in a urine specimen of an abuser.
abstract: We experienced an autopsy case in which the cause of death was judged as poisoning by multiple new psychoactive substances, including AB-CHMINACA, 5-fluoro-AMB and diphenidine [Forensic Toxicol. 33 (2015): 45-53]. Although unchanged AB-CHMINACA could be detected from 8 solid tissues, it could neither be detected from blood nor urine specimens. In this article, we obtained eight kinds of reference standards of AB-CHMINACA metabolites from a commercial source. The AB-CHMINACA metabolites from the urine specimen of the abuser were extracted by a modified QuEChERS method and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry before and after hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase. Among the eight AB-CHMINACA metabolites tested, only 2 metabolites could be identified in the urine specimen of the deceased. After hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase, the concentrations of the two metabolites were not increased, suggesting that the metabolites were not in the conjugated forms. The metabolites detected were 4-hydroxycyclohexylmethyl AB-CHMINACA (M1), followed by N-[[1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl]carbonyl]-l-valine (M3). Their concentrations were 52.8 ± 3.44 and 41.3 ± 5.04 ng/ml (n=10) for M1 and M3, respectively. Although there is one preceding report showing the estimations of metabolism of AB-CHMINACA without reference standards, this is the first report dealing with exact identification using reference standards, and quantification of M1 and M3 in an authentic urine specimen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wurita
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan. Electronic address: 07484771@hama-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Koutaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minakata
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gonmori
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nozawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Itaru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Kanako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D001344:Autopsy; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D053593:Forensic Toxicology / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007191:Indazoles / Q000506:poisoning* / Q000652:urine*; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014633:Valine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000506:poisoning / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D007191:Indazoles; D014633:Valine; C000606289:N-(1-(aminocarbonyl)-2-methylpropyl)-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide
keywords: 4-Hydroxycyclohexylmethyl AB-CHMINACA; AB-CHMINACA metabolites; In vivo human metabolism; LC–MS-MS; Modified QuEChERS method; Quantification