title: Altered cardiorespiratory coupling in young male adults with excessive online gaming.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to investigate changes in heart rate variability and cardiorespiratory coupling in male college students with problematic Internet use (PIU) excessive gaming type during action video game play to assess the relationship between PIU tendency and central autonomic regulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electrocardiograms and respiration were simultaneously recorded from 22 male participants with excessive online gaming and 22 controls during action video game play. Sample entropy (SampEn) was computed to assess autonomic regularity, and cross-SampEn was calculated to quantify autonomic coordination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During video game play, reduced cardiorespiratory coupling (CRC) was observed in individuals with PIU excessive gaming type compared with controls, implicating central autonomic dysregulation. The PIU tendency was associated with the severity of autonomic dysregulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate impaired CRC in PIU excessive gaming type, which may reflect alterations of central inhibitory control over autonomic responses to pleasurable online stimuli.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Dongguk University Ilsan Medical Center, 27 Dongguk-Ro, Ilsandong-Gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi 410-773, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Seung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Clinic, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-Ro, Ilsandong-Gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi 410-769, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dooyoung
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University Hospital, 1306 Seo-Gu, Dunsan-Dong, Daejeon 302-799, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, National Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Seoul National Hospital, 398 Neungdong-Ro, Gwangin-Gu, Seoul 143-711, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Myoung-Sun
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hahm@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Bong-Jin
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Hahm
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D056152:Respiratory Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D018910:Video Games / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Autonomic regulation; Cardiorespiratory coupling; Excessive gaming; Problematic Internet use