title: Osteogenic potential of in vitro osteo-induced adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells combined with platelet-rich plasma in an ectopic model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The osteogenic potential of in vitro osteo-induced adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and implanted on bone mineral matrix (BMM) carrier was examined in a subcutaneous model in Balb/c mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs was monitored by relative bone-related gene expression and osteocalcin expression at the third, seventh and 15th day. Test implants consisting of in vitro osteo-induced ADSCs, PRP and BMM (OPC implants) and control implants consisting of PRP and BMM (PC implants) were examined. The relative expression of the bone-related genes encoding osterix, osteocalcin, collagen type I α1 and alkaline phosphatase was examined in implants extracted at one, two, four and eight weeks. Histochemical, immunohistochemical and histomorphometric analyses of implants extracted at two and eight weeks were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest relative expression of bone-related genes and osteocalcin expression was found at the 15th day of in vitro osteogenic induction of the ADSCs. Permanent and continuous increased expression of bone-related genes was noticed in OPC implants at eight weeks. Expression peaks of bone-related genes in PC implants were at two and four weeks, but they significantly decreased at eight weeks. The signs of resorption, formation of callus-like tissue positive for osteocalcin and increased presence of bone cells were found in OPC implants compared with PC implants. A higher percentage of infiltrated tissue and vascularisation was found in OPC than in PC implants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of in vitro osteo-induced ADSCs and PRP on BMM carrier represents a promising approach for bone regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia. biovlada@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Vladimir J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Cvetković
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, dr Zoran Djindjić Boulevard 81, 18000, Niš, Serbia. jella82@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jelena G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Najdanović
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, dr Zoran Djindjić Boulevard 81, 18000, Niš, Serbia. marijavukelic@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Marija Đ
authors.initials: MĐ
authors.lastname: Vukelić-Nikolić
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, dr Zoran Djindjić Boulevard 81, 18000, Niš, Serbia. s.sanja88@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sanja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stojanović
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, dr Zoran Djindjić Boulevard 81, 18000, Niš, Serbia. stevo.najman@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Stevo J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Najman
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology; D000818:Animals; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000502:physiology*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015870:Gene Expression; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D023421:Models, Animal; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015675:Osteocalcin
keywords: ADSCs; Bone-related gene expression; Ectopic osteogenesis; Osteogenic induction; PRP