title: Relationship of proteomic variation and toxin synthesis in the dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense CI01 under phosphorus and inorganic nitrogen limitation.
abstract: Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are originated from cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates, including Alexandrium tamarense, the common dinoflagellate species. In this study, a toxic dinoflagellate strain of A. tamarense CI01 was selected for studying the PSTs' concentration and the related protein variation during the whole cell cycle under different nutrient conditions. High-performance liquid chromatography, 2-D DIGE and Western blotting were used collectively for protein profiling and identification. Results showed that the toxin content was suppressed under nitrogen limiting condition, but enhanced in phosphorous limiting medium. Based on the results of proteomics analysis, 7 proteins were discovered to be related to the PSTs biosynthesis of A. tamarense CI01, including S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, ornithine cyclodeaminase, argininosuccinate synthase, methyluridine methyltransferase cystine ABC transporter, phosphoserine phosphatase, argininosuccinate synthase and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which corresponds to the metabolism of the methionine, cysteine, ornithine, arginine and proline. Moreover, some photosynthesis relating proteins also increased their expression during PST synthesis period in A. tamarense CI01, such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, chloroplast phosphoglycerate kinase, peridinin-chlorophyll α-binding protein, Mg(2+) transporter protein and chloroplast phosphoglycerate kinase. The above findings are in support of our hypothesis that these proteins are involved in toxin biosynthesis of A. tamarense CI01, but cause-and-effect mechanisms need to be investigated in further studies.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.|Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xi-Wen
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.|College of Marine Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science/Environmental Science Research Center, Xiamen University, 182 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Heath, City University OF HONG KONG Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.|State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution and Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Leo Lai
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution and Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.|State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry and Biology, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Paul Kwan Sing
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China. jdgu@hku.hk.
authors.forename: Ji-Dong
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1705-3825
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D020418:Algal Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008027:Light; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism*; D020543:Proteome; D040901:Proteomics
chemical_list: D020418:Algal Proteins; D008387:Marine Toxins; D020543:Proteome; D010758:Phosphorus; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Alexandrium tamarense; Cell cycle; Nutrient condition; PSTs; Toxin synthesis protein