title: Diversion proctocolitis and response to treatment with short-chain fatty acids--a clinicopathological study in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diversion proctocolitis (DPC) frequently develops in the colorectum after diversion of the fecal stream characterized by bleeding from the inflamed mucosa. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are responsible for growth and differentiation of enterocytes. Adult series have reported variable response of DPC to luminal SCFA. There is dearth of studies in children. We aimed to study incidence, clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological characteristics of DPC and effect of SCFA in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospectively clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological evaluation was done for DPC in children undergoing fecal diversion. Patient characteristics, type and duration of stoma, symptoms, endoscopy and biopsy findings, duration of treatment and response to SCFA, time of closure of stoma, and any associated gut anomaly were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen children completed the study. Anorectal malformation was the commonest indication for stoma. Sixty percent were symptomatic within 2-9 months, excessive mucous discharge being the commonest symptom. All had at least one positive endoscopic finding; erythema, edema, and exudates being the commonest findings. All DPCs improved clinically and endoscopically following SCFA. Histological resolution was seen in 78 %, while 22 % had persistent disease. Closure of stoma showed complete resolution of DPC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DPC was common (87 %) following stoma formation in children with strong male preponderance (6.5:1). The commonest indication for stoma was anorectal malformation (67 %). Clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological changes appeared within 2-9 months with symptomatic DPC in 60 %. All patients (100 %) had at least one positive endoscopic finding, histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis. SCFA led to symptomatic, endoscopic, and histopathological resolution of DPCs. Closure of stoma cured all the persistent DPCs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, King Fahad Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Al Khobar, KSA. kamalesh_pal@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Kamalesh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Brown Road, Ludhiana, 141 008, India.
authors.forename: Sonal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tinalal
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, King Fahad Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Al Khobar, KSA.
authors.forename: Hussah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Al Buainain
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Brown Road, Ludhiana, 141 008, India.
authors.forename: Vinod Prem
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007322:Instillation, Drug; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D011350:Proctocolitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile
keywords: Children; Diversion proctocolitis; Endoscopy; Histopathology; Short-chain fatty acids