title: Promising upshot of silver nanoparticles primed from Gracilaria crassa against bacterial pathogens.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study on newer antimicrobial agent from metal based nano materials has augmented in recent years for the management of multidrug resistance microorganisms. In our present investigation, we synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNP's) from red algae, Gracilaria crassa as beginning material which effectively condensed the silver ions to silver nanoparticles with less price tag and no risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Silver nanoparticles were prepared by simple reaction of 1 mM AgNO3 with G. crassa extracts at room temperature. The fabricated AgNP's were subjected for characterization and screened against various microorganisms for antibacterial activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  UV-Vis spectroscopy (200-800 nm), XRD, FESEM and EDAX, were performed for AgNP's. UV-Vis spectroscopy demonstrated the absorption edge at 443 nm and EDAX pattern is purely due to the particle size and face centered cubic (fcc) symmetry of nanoparticles. Average size lays at 122.7 nm and zeta potential was found to be -34.9 mV. The antibacterial outcome of synthesized AgNP's (at the dose of 20 and 40 µg/ml) was evaluated against Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The mechanism of synthesized AgNP's bactericidal bustle is discussed in terms of interaction with the cell membrane of bacteria. The activity was found to be sky-scraping in a dose dependent manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, environmental friendly, cost effective, non hazardous stable nanoparticles were prepared by green synthesis using red algae, G. crassa. Synthesized G. crassa AgNP's were in acceptable size and shape. Further, it elicits better bactericidal activity against microorganism. This will assure the out put of superior antibacterial formulation for near future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Sree Vidhyanikethan College of Pharmacy, A.Rangampet, Tirupati, 517102 AP India.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lavakumar
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur Malaysia.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masilamani
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700032 WB India.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ravichandiran
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sankarlingam Bhuvaneswari College of Pharmacy, Sivakasi, 626130 TN India.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Venkateshan
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, S.V. University, Tirupati, 517502 AP India.
authors.forename: D V R
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Saigopal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Sree Vidhyanikethan College of Pharmacy, A.Rangampet, Tirupati, 517102 AP India.
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Ashok Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapuram, 515721 AP India.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sowmya
keywords: Antibacterial activity; Gracilaria crassa; Green synthesis; Red algae; Silver nanoparticles