title: Cognitive structure from childhood to adulthood in kindreds densely affected by schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
abstract: The developmental aspects of cognitive structures from childhood until adulthood and across different levels of risk for psychopathology have been little studied. The aim of the current study was to explore the cognitive factorial structure in subsamples from highly familial and densely affected kindreds of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder - i.e. affected adult members, non-affected adult members and high-risk youth. The same neuropsychological battery was administered in a sample of 480 participants: schizophrenia and bipolar patients (n=51), young high-risk offspring (n=61), non-affected adult relatives of patients (n=96), and controls (n=272). Exploratory Factorial Analysis was performed in the control sample and yielded a 5-factor solution: verbal comprehension, processing speed/working memory, visual learning and memory, verbal learning and memory, reasoning and problem solving. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the hierarchical 5-factor solution was well suited for the young high-risk offspring, the non-affected adult relatives of patient and the patients. A hierarchical model with a "g" factor was a good fit for all subsamples. These results suggest that cognitive impairments may aggregate in highly familial individuals.
authors.affiliation: Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada. Electronic address: caroline.cellard@psy.ulaval.ca.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cellard
authors.affiliation: Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Nancie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rouleau
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moreau
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paccalet
authors.affiliation: Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Marc-André
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jomphe
authors.affiliation: Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mérette
authors.affiliation: Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maziade
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011792:Quebec / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D014706:Verbal Learning; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adolescents; Adults; Children; Confirmatory Factorial Analysis; Exploratory Factorial Analysis; Neuropsychology; g Factor