title: Poly(N-vinylimidazole/ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) for the purification and isolation of phenolic acids.
abstract: In this study we report the novel polymeric resin poly(N-vinyl imidazole/ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) for the purification and isolation of phenolic acids. The monomer to crosslinker ratio and the porogen composition were optimized for isolating phenolic acids diluted in acetonitrile at normal phase chromatography conditions, first. Acetonitrile serves as polar, aprotic solvent, dissolving phenolic acids but not interrupting interactions with the stationary phase due to the approved Hansen solubility parameters. The optimized resin demonstrated high loading capacities and adsorption abilities particularly for phenolic acids in both, acetonitrile and aqueous solutions. The adsorption behavior of aqueous standards can be attributed to ion exchange effects due to electrostatic interactions between protonated imidazole residues and deprotonated phenolic acids. Furthermore, adsorption experiments and subsequent curve fittings provide information of maximum loading capacities of single standards according to the Langmuir adsorption model. Recovery studies of the optimized polymer in the normal-phase and ion-exchange mode illustrate the powerful isolation properties for phenolic acids and are comparable or even better than typical, commercially available solid phase extraction materials. In order to prove the applicability, a highly complex extract of rosemary leaves was purified by poly(N-vinyl imidazole/ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) and the isolated compounds were identified using UHPLC-qTOF-MS.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, CCB-Center of Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schemeth
authors.affiliation: Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, CCB-Center of Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Noël
authors.affiliation: Austrian Drug Screening Institute, Innrain 66a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jakschitz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, CCB-Center of Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Electronic address: m.rainer@uibk.ac.at.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rainer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tessadri
authors.affiliation: Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, CCB-Center of Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Christian W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Huck
authors.affiliation: Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, CCB-Center of Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Austrian Drug Screening Institute, Innrain 66a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Günther K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Bonn
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000737:chemistry*; D027542:Rosmarinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D007093:Imidazoles; D008689:Methacrylates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011145:Polyvinyls; C482913:poly(4-vinylimidazole); C004919:ethylene dimethacrylate; C017616:phenolic acid
keywords: Anion exchange mode; Normal phase mode; Polymer optimization; Purification; Rosmarinus officinalis