title: Lower limb reaction force asymmetry in rowers with and without a history of back injury.
abstract: Back injury is common in rowers. Asymmetrical lower limb reaction force on the foot stretchers during rowing may compromise trunk biomechanics and lead to back injury. However, such a mechanism remains putative. Therefore, this study examined lower limb reaction force in experienced rowers with and without a history of back injury. Six rowers who suffered from back injury for more than one week in the past year and another 19 rowers who were never injured performed maximal exertion rowing on a fixed-head rowing machine for 30 strokes. Peak force, average and peak loading rate of the lower limb reaction force during the middle 10-stroke were recorded using strain-gauge transducers placed at the foot stretchers. Asymmetries and intra-limb variability were quantified as asymmetry indices and coefficients of variation, respectively. No significant asymmetry was observed in all selected kinetic parameters between the injured and healthy rowers (p = 0.448-0.722, Hedges' g = 0.162-0.310). Subgroup analyses also did not reveal any significant kinetic differences between injured and healthy scullers or sweepers (p = 0.194-0.855, Hedges' g = 0.203-0.518). Rowers with a history of back injury, regardless of the rowing types, did not demonstrate greater lower limb reaction force asymmetry when compared with healthy rowers.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Rehabilitation Sciences , Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , China.
authors.forename: Winko W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: a Department of Rehabilitation Sciences , Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , China.
authors.forename: Vincy
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: a Department of Rehabilitation Sciences , Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , China.
authors.forename: Roy T H
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Cheung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019567:Back Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000502:physiology*; D013177:Sports; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Kinetics; low back pain; rowing; spine; symmetry