title: Thermoregulatory vs. event sweating--comparison of clinical methodologies, physiology and results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although the mechanisms of sweating due to thermoregulation vs. stress are distinct, the antiperspirant industry focuses primarily on perspiration due to heat as their method of efficacy testing. To better understand the overall protection afforded by a 'Clinical Strength' over-the-counter antiperspirant product, we compare results from a standard hot-room study with results from two studies using the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST).
  
  
  METHODS
  For each study, unscented antiperspirant was applied to one axilla, leaving the other untreated for internal control. The hot-room protocol involved a 40-min warm-up period with 2-20 min sweat collections at 100 ± 2 °F (35% RH). The TSST requires naïve subjects to give an impromptu speech and conduct mental arithmetic, with collections of sweat, heart rate and other biomarkers of stress before, during and after the event.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the TSST, heart rate and salivary cortisol data indicate significant emotional stress. Wetness results show that sweat was reduced by 69.4% in the hot-room study, compared with 83.7% and 89.3% reductions in the stress studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have found added value in investigating antiperspirancy from several causes of sweat production to give a more encompassing picture of the protection afforded by an antiperspirant product, specifically wetness protection from heat, activity and stress-induced sweat.
authors.affiliation: P&G Beauty & Grooming, The Procter & Gamble Company, 11520 Reed Hartman Highway, Cincinnati, OH, 45241, U.S.A.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Biehle-Hulette
authors.affiliation: P&G Beauty & Grooming, The Procter & Gamble Company, 11520 Reed Hartman Highway, Cincinnati, OH, 45241, U.S.A.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Krailler
authors.affiliation: P&G Beauty & Grooming, The Procter & Gamble Company, 11520 Reed Hartman Highway, Cincinnati, OH, 45241, U.S.A.
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Elstun
authors.affiliation: P&G Beauty & Grooming, The Procter & Gamble Company, 11520 Reed Hartman Highway, Cincinnati, OH, 45241, U.S.A.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bentz
authors.affiliation: P&G Beauty & Grooming, The Procter & Gamble Company, 11520 Reed Hartman Highway, Cincinnati, OH, 45241, U.S.A.
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Benzing
authors.affiliation: P&G Beauty & Grooming, The Procter & Gamble Company, 11520 Reed Hartman Highway, Cincinnati, OH, 45241, U.S.A.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Spruell
authors.affiliation: DAaCRO GmbH & Co. KG, Science Park Trier, Max-Planck-Str. 22, D-54296, Trier, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hellhammer
authors.affiliation: P&G Beauty & Grooming, The Procter & Gamble Company, 11520 Reed Hartman Highway, Cincinnati, OH, 45241, U.S.A.
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Swaile
mesh_terms: D051520:Antiperspirants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D006801:Humans; D012919:Social Behavior; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D013546:Sweating / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D051520:Antiperspirants
keywords: antiperspirant; claim substantiation; skin physiology; statistics; stress; sweat