title: Antihypertensive effects of probiotics Lactobacillus strains in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
abstract: METHODS
  The cardiovascular effects of probiotics Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 (LC40), or L. coryniformis CECT5711 (K8) plus L. gasseri CECT5714 (LC9) (1:1) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and 30 SHR were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10): a control WKY group, a control SHR groups, an SHR group treated with LC40, and an SHR treated with K8/LC9 group for 5 weeks (at a dose of 3.3 × 10(10) colony-forming units/day in drinking water). Long-term administration of probiotics reduced systolic blood pressure. The consumption of K8/LC9 mixture significantly reduced the cardiac and renal hypertrophy. Both groups of probiotics reversed the impaired aortic endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine observed in SHR. They also abolished the increased aortic superoxide levels by reducing the increased toll-like receptor-4 mRNA levels and NADPH oxidase activity found in SHR. K8/LC9 consumption also increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation. Probiotic treatments induced a change in the cecum microbiota of SHR, with higher counts of the Lactobacillus spp. cluster, and lower counts of Bacteriodes spp. and Clostridium spp.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Probiotics exert cardiovascular protective effects in genetic hypertension related to the improvement of vascular pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory status.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gómez-Guzmán
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toral
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.|Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.|Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jiménez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galindo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: María José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zarzuelo
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Descubrimiento y Preclínica, Departamento de Investigación BIOSEARCH S.A, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olivares
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain.|CIBER-ehd, Departamento de Farmacología, CIBM, Universidad de Granada, Armilla (Granada), Spain.
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gálvez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.|Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duarte
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000502:physiology; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D007778:Lactobacillus; D008297:Male; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat; D019255:NADPH Oxidases
keywords: Endothelial dysfunction; Gut microbiota; Hypertension; Probiotic bacteria; SHR