title: Estimating the cost of cholera-vaccine delivery from the societal point of view: A case of introduction of cholera vaccine in Bangladesh.
abstract: Cholera is a major global public health problem that causes both epidemic and endemic disease. The World Health Organization recommends oral cholera vaccines as a public health tool in addition to traditional prevention practices and treatments in both epidemic and endemic settings. In many developing countries like Bangladesh, the major issue concerns the affordability of this vaccine. In February 2011, a feasibility study entitled, "Introduction of Cholera Vaccine in Bangladesh (ICVB)", was conducted for a vaccination campaign using inactivated whole-cell cholera vaccine (Shanchol) in a high risk area of Mirpur, Dhaka. Empirical data obtained from this trial was used to determine the vaccination cost for a fully immunized person from the societal perspective. A total of 123,661 people were fully vaccinated receiving two doses of the vaccine, while 18,178 people received one dose of the same vaccine. The total cost for vaccine delivery was US$ 492,238 giving a total vaccination cost per fully-vaccinated individual of US$ 3.98. The purchase cost of the vaccine accounted for 58% of the overall cost of vaccination. Attempts to reduce the per-dose cost of the vaccine are likely to have a large impact on the cost of similar vaccination campaigns in the future.
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Electronic address: arazzaque@icddrb.org.
authors.forename: Abdur Razzaque
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sarker
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Electronic address: zia@icddrb.org.
authors.forename: Ziaul
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), DGHS, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Electronic address: iqbalansary@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Iqbal Ansary
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Electronic address: amit@icddrb.org.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Electronic address: fchowdhury@icddrb.org.
authors.forename: Fahima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Electronic address: ashrfk@icddrb.org.
authors.forename: Ashraful Islam
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Electronic address: dracravioto@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cravioto
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Electronic address: jclemens@icddrb.org.
authors.forename: John David
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Clemens
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Electronic address: fqadri@icddrb.org.
authors.forename: Firdausi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qadri
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, United Kingdom; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: jahangir.khan@icddrb.org.
authors.forename: Jahangir A M
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002771:Cholera / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022121:Cholera Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014611:Vaccination / Q000191:economics*; D022462:Vaccines, Edible / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D022121:Cholera Vaccines; D022462:Vaccines, Edible; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated
keywords: Bangladesh; Cholera; Cost; Health economics; Vaccine