title: Astrocyte reactivity after brain injury-: The role of galectins 1 and 3.
abstract: Astrocytes react to brain injury in a heterogeneous manner with only a subset resuming proliferation and acquiring stem cell properties in vitro. In order to identify novel regulators of this subset, we performed genomewide expression analysis of reactive astrocytes isolated 5 days after stab wound injury from the gray matter of adult mouse cerebral cortex. The expression pattern was compared with astrocytes from intact cortex and adult neural stem cells (NSCs) isolated from the subependymal zone (SEZ). These comparisons revealed a set of genes expressed at higher levels in both endogenous NSCs and reactive astrocytes, including two lectins-Galectins 1 and 3. These results and the pattern of Galectin expression in the lesioned brain led us to examine the functional significance of these lectins in brains of mice lacking Galectins 1 and 3. Following stab wound injury, astrocyte reactivity including glial fibrillary acidic protein expression, proliferation and neurosphere-forming capacity were found significantly reduced in mutant animals. This phenotype could be recapitulated in vitro and was fully rescued by addition of Galectin 3, but not of Galectin 1. Thus, Galectins 1 and 3 play key roles in regulating the proliferative and NSC potential of a subset of reactive astrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.|Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Swetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sirko
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Irmler
authors.affiliation: Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.|Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gascón
authors.affiliation: Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bek
authors.affiliation: Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.|Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.|Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Leda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dimou
authors.affiliation: Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jara
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Obermann
authors.affiliation: Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.|Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daisylea
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Souza Paiva
authors.affiliation: Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS-University Paris Diderot, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Francoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Poirier
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.|Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beckers
authors.affiliation: Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefanie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hauck
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Yves-Alain
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Barde
authors.affiliation: Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.|Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.|SYNERGY, Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Götz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D037483:Galectin 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D037502:Galectin 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D055153:Stem Cell Niche / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D037483:Galectin 1; D037502:Galectin 3; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; C485095:Lgals3 protein, mouse; C528900:glial fibrillary astrocytic protein, mouse
keywords: genomewide analysis; glia proliferation; neurosphere