title: Second generation bioethanol potential from selected Malaysia's biodiversity biomasses: A review.
abstract: Rising global temperature, worsening air quality and drastic declining of fossil fuel reserve are the inevitable phenomena from the disorganized energy management. Bioethanol is believed to clear out the effects as being an energy-derivable product sourced from renewable organic sources. Second generation bioethanol interests many researches from its unique source of inedible biomass, and this paper presents the potential of several selected biomasses from Malaysia case. As one of countries with rich biodiversity, Malaysia holds enormous potential in second generation bioethanol production from its various agricultural and forestry biomasses, which are the source of lignocellulosic and starch compounds. This paper reviews potentials of biomasses and potential ethanol yield from oil palm, paddy (rice), pineapple, banana and durian, as the common agricultural waste in the country but uncommon to be served as bioethanol feedstock, by calculating the theoretical conversion of cellulose, hemicellulose and starch components of the biomasses into bioethanol. Moreover, the potential of the biomasses as feedstock are discussed based on several reported works.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: aditharjon@siswa.um.edu.my.
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Aditiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: chong_wentong@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: indra@uniten.edu.my.
authors.forename: T M I
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Mahlia
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Sebayang
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok, Indonesia.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Berawi
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nur
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels / Q000032:analysis*; D018533:Biomass; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000032:analysis*; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000378:metabolism; D008296:Malaysia; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D011134:Polysaccharides; D000431:Ethanol; C007916:hemicellulose; D002482:Cellulose; D013213:Starch
keywords: Banana biomass; Durian biomass; Oil palm biomass; Paddy biomass; Pineapple biomass; Second generation bioethanol