title: Emerging flavobacterial infections in fish: A review.
abstract: Flavobacterial diseases in fish are caused by multiple bacterial species within the family Flavobacteriaceae and are responsible for devastating losses in wild and farmed fish stocks around the world. In addition to directly imposing negative economic and ecological effects, flavobacterial disease outbreaks are also notoriously difficult to prevent and control despite nearly 100 years of scientific research. The emergence of recent reports linking previously uncharacterized flavobacteria to systemic infections and mortality events in fish stocks of Europe, South America, Asia, Africa, and North America is also of major concern and has highlighted some of the difficulties surrounding the diagnosis and chemotherapeutic treatment of flavobacterial fish diseases. Herein, we provide a review of the literature that focuses on Flavobacterium and Chryseobacterium spp. and emphasizes those associated with fish.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, 174 Food Safety and Toxicology Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Loch
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, 174 Food Safety and Toxicology Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA ; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Natural Resources Building, Room 4, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faisal
keywords: Chryseobacterium; Coldwater disease; Fish disease; Flavobacteriosis; Flavobacterium