title: Herd-level prevalence and associated risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Chlamydia abortus and bovine viral diarrhoea virus in commercial dairy and beef cattle in eastern, northern and northeastern China.
abstract: Although the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Chlamydia abortus and bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in cattle have been reported in some areas in China, most of them were conducted with small number of cattle samples and very limited districts and neglected the assessment of herd management factors associated with herd-level prevalence of these pathogen infections. Thus, from September 2013 to December 2014, a large-scale seroprevalence study was conducted to determine the animal-level and herd-level seroprevalence and identify herd-level risk factors associated with these pathogen infections in 4487 cattle from 134 herds in five provinces (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Hebei) and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. At animal level, the true prevalence of antibodies against T. gondii, N. caninum, C. abortus and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) was 10.48, 17.14, 11.92 and 50.10%, respectively. At herd level, the true prevalence of antibodies against T. gondii, N. caninum, C. abortus and BVDV was 27.16, 29.10, 37.31 and 40.30%, respectively. Multivariate analysis of these characteristics showed that source of water and presence of felids were significantly associated with T. gondii infection in the studied cattle herds. Source of water was significantly associated with N. caninum infection in the studied cattle herds. While herd size and management system were significantly associated with BVDV infection in the studied cattle herds, this is the first report of herd-level prevalence and associated risk factors of T. gondii, N. caninum, C. abortus and BVDV infection in cattle in China.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wu-Wen
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Jilin Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qing-Feng
authors.initials: QF
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, People's Republic of China. messicw@163.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cong
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chun-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, People's Republic of China. qianaidong0115@163.com.
authors.forename: Ai-Dong
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Qian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001912:Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002689:Chlamydia / Q000276:immunology; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000662:veterinary; D001908:Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D018688:Neospora / Q000276:immunology; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000276:immunology; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000914:Antibodies, Viral
keywords: Bovine viral diarrhoea virus; China; Chlamydia abortus; Herd level; Neospora caninum; Toxoplasma gondii