title: Suppressive effects of saponin-enriched extracts from quinoa on 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation.
abstract: This study was performed to investigate the effect of quinoa saponins (QS) on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. QS inhibited triglyceride (TG) accumulation in the mature adipocytes, evidenced by oil-red O staining and intracellular quantification. Real time-PCR analysis and western blot analysis showed that QS significantly down-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of key adipogenic transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), however, they had no significant effect on CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta (C/EBPδ) which are the upstream regulators for adipogenesis compared with mature adipocytes. QS also reduced mRNA and protein expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) related to the late stage of adipogenesis. Furthermore, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), adipocyte protein 2 (aP2) and glucose transporter 4 (Glut4), as adipocyte specific genes, were decreased in mature adipocytes by QS treatment. These findings indicate that QS are capable of suppressing adipogenesis and therefore they seem to be natural bioactive factors effective in adipose tissue mass modulation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China. renguixing@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Zhenxing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Yibo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Guixing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D022782:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051743:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-delta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D027465:Chenopodium quinoa / Q000737:chemistry*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D022782:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; C530718:CEBPA protein, mouse; C545013:Cebpb protein, mouse; C497253:Cebpd protein, mouse; C493411:Fabp4 protein, mouse; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012503:Saponins; C495693:Slc2a4 protein, mouse; C497388:Srebf1 protein, mouse; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D014280:Triglycerides; D051743:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-delta; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase