title: RNA rewriting, recoding, and rewiring in human disease.
abstract: ADAR (adenosine deAminase acting on RNA) editases catalyze the deamination of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I), a post-transcriptional modification that alters coding and non-coding RNA stability and function. ADAR editases such as ADAR1 have recently been shown to play a key role in normal stem cell maintenance. While ADAR mutations are associated with hereditary autoimmune diseases such as Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, ADAR copy-number alterations and editase activation have been associated with progression of a broad array of malignancies. In this review we discuss evidence linking aberrant A-to-I editing to cancer and other degenerative diseases, and the mechanisms that may be targeted by novel therapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center at University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Maria Anna
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zipeto
authors.affiliation: Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center at University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Qingfei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Melese
authors.affiliation: Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center at University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Electronic address: cjamieson@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Catriona H M
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Jamieson
mesh_terms: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017393:RNA Editing
chemical_list: D012313:RNA; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase
keywords: ADAR; RNA editing; degenerative disease; human disease