title: Comparison of Outcome After Use of Extra-Luminal Rings and Intra-Luminal Stents for Treatment of Tracheal Collapse in Dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report short- and long-term complications and outcomes of dogs treated for tracheal collapse secondary to chondromalacia with extra-luminal rings (ELR) or intra-luminal stents (ILS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs with naturally occurring tracheal collapse (n = 103).
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records (2002-2012) of dogs diagnosed with tracheal collapse that had treatment with ELR (n = 73) or ILS (30) were reviewed. Demographic information, procedural information, complications, survival time, and subjective outcomes were recorded. Follow-up periods were defined as <730 days (short-term) and >730 days (long-term).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-two percent of dogs undergoing ELR and 100% of dogs undergoing ILS survived to hospital discharge. ELR dogs were significantly younger (P = .009) and significantly fewer had main-stem bronchial collapse (P < .001). After accounting for effects of age and presence of main-stem bronchial collapse, there was no significant difference in median survival time between groups. Dogs with main-stem bronchial collapse (regardless of treatment type) had a shorter survival time than dogs without main-stem bronchial collapse. Major complications occurred in ELR (42%) and ILS dogs (43%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both ELR and ILS are associated with high complication rates. Younger dogs and dogs without main-stem bronchial collapse had a longer survival time, regardless of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences.
authors.forename: Selena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tinga
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences.
authors.forename: Kelley M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Thieman Mankin
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences.
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Peycke
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
authors.forename: Noah D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002357:Cartilage Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000662:veterinary*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents / Q000662:veterinary; D014132:Trachea / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome