title: G-CSF and GM-CSF in Neutropenia.
abstract: G-CSF and GM-CSF are used widely to promote the production of granulocytes or APCs. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved G-CSF (filgrastim) for the treatment of congenital and acquired neutropenias and for mobilization of peripheral hematopoietic progenitor cells for stem cell transplantation. A polyethylene glycol-modified form of G-CSF is approved for the treatment of neutropenias. Clinically significant neutropenia, rendering an individual immunocompromised, occurs when their number is <1500/μl. Current guidelines recommend their use when the risk for febrile neutropenia is >20%. GM-CSF (sargramostim) is approved for neutropenia associated with stem cell transplantation. Because of its promotion of APC function, GM-CSF is being evaluated as an immunostimulatory adjuvant in a number of clinical trials. More than 20 million persons have benefited worldwide, and >$5 billion in sales occur annually in the United States.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60611;
authors.forename: Hrishikesh M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611; and.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malandra
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60611; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 coreylab@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Seth J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Corey
mesh_terms: D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor