title: A computer-designed scaffold for bone regeneration within cranial defect using human dental pulp stem cells.
abstract: A computer-designed, solvent-free scaffold offer several potential advantages such as ease of customized manufacture and in vivo safety. In this work, we firstly used a computer-designed, solvent-free scaffold and human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) to regenerate neo-bone within cranial bone defects. The hDPSCs expressed mesenchymal stem cell markers and served as an abundant source of stem cells with a high proliferation rate. In addition, hDPSCs showed a phenotype of differentiated osteoblasts in the presence of osteogenic factors (OF). We used solid freeform fabrication (SFF) with biodegradable polyesters (MPEG-(PLLA-co-PGA-co-PCL) (PLGC)) to fabricate a computer-designed scaffold. The SFF technology gave quick and reproducible results. To assess bone tissue engineering in vivo, the computer-designed, circular PLGC scaffold was implanted into a full-thickness cranial bone defect and monitored by micro-computed tomography (CT) and histology of the in vivo tissue-engineered bone. Neo-bone formation of more than 50% in both micro-CT and histology tests was observed at only PLGC scaffold with hDPSCs/OF. Furthermore, the PLGC scaffold gradually degraded, as evidenced by the fluorescent-labeled PLGC scaffold, which provides information to tract biodegradation of implanted PLGC scaffold. In conclusion, we confirmed neo-bone formation within a cranial bone defect using hDPSCs and a computer-designed PLGC scaffold.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-759, Korea.
authors.forename: Doo Yeon
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-759, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Seon
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-759, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Hun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-759, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-759, Korea [2] Nature-Inspired Mechanical System Team, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 305-343, Korea.
authors.forename: So Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-759, Korea.
authors.forename: Xiang Yun
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 440-711, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-759, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-759, Korea.
authors.forename: Byoung Hyun
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Nature-Inspired Mechanical System Team, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 305-343, Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Nature-Inspired Mechanical System Team, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 305-343, Korea.
authors.forename: Wan-Doo
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-759, Korea.
authors.forename: Moon Suk
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012886:Skull / Q000637:transplantation; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011091:Polyesters; C523703:poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide-co-epsilon-caprolactone)