title: Biological rhythms in bipolar and depressive disorders: A community study with drug-naïve young adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess biological rhythm disruptions among drug-naïve young adults with bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and community controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study nested in a population-based study. BD and MDD were diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Biological rhythm disruptions were assessed using the Biological Rhythm Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred seventeen subjects were assessed (49 BD, 74 MDD, and 94 community controls). Biological rhythm disruption was higher in subjects with BD (40.32±9.92; p<0.001) and MDD (36.23±8.71; p<0.001) than community controls (27.67±6.88). Subjects with BD had a higher BRIAN total score (p=0.028) and higher disruption in sleep/social domains (p=0.018) as compared to MDD. In addition, the BRIAN scores were higher in current MDD, euthymic BD, and BD in current episode group, as compared to community controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cross-sectional design. Absence of assessment of biomarkers of biological rhythms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder are associated with disruption in biological rhythm. In addition, disruption in sleep/social rhythms is higher in subjects with BD when compared to subjects with MDD. We also verified biological rhythm disruption in subjects with BD during euthymic status, but not in remitted MDD. Regulation of biological rhythm may be a means to identify patients with mood disorders and potentially differentiate MDD from BD.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Brazil.
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duarte Faria
authors.affiliation: Universidade Catolica de Pelotas (UCPel), Brazil; University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), United States.
authors.forename: Taiane de Azevedo
authors.initials: Tde A
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Universidade Catolica de Pelotas (UCPel), Brazil.
authors.forename: Thaise
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Campos Mondin
authors.affiliation: Universidade Catolica de Pelotas (UCPel), Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciano Dias de Mattos
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro Vieira da Silva
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Magalhaes
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), United States.
authors.forename: Cristian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Patrick Zeni
authors.affiliation: Universidade Catolica de Pelotas (UCPel), Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo Azevedo da
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil; University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), United States.
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kapczinski
authors.affiliation: Universidade Catolica de Pelotas (UCPel), Brazil; University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), United States. Electronic address: Karen.jansen@pq.cnpq.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jansen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D021081:Chronobiology Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012016:Reference Values; D020178:Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm / Q000209:etiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Biological rhythm; Bipolar disorder; Community sample; Major depressive disorder; Mood disorders; Young adults.