title: Contribution of DNA Repair Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Genotype to Gastric Cancer Risk in Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been proposed that genetic variations of DNA repair genes confer susceptibility to cancer, and the DNA repair gene xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD), the caretaker of genome stability, is thought to play a major role in the nucleotide excision repair system. We investigated three genotypes of XPD, at promoter -114 (rs3810366), and codon 312 (rs1799793), 751 (rs13181), and their associated with gastric cancer susceptibility in a Taiwanese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, 121 patients with gastric cancer and 363 gender- and age-matched healthy controls were recruited and genotyped for XPD by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methodology, and the association of XPD genotype with gastric cancer risk was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a significant difference in the distribution of A allele-bearing XPD codon 312 genotypes [odds ratio (OR)=1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.20-2.25, p=0.0019], but not in XPD codon 751 or promoter -114 sites, between the gastric cancer and control groups. Those who had G/A or A/A at XPD codon 312 had a 1.83-fold (95% CI=1.14-2.95, p=0.0159) and 1.87-fold (95% CI=1.04-3.34, p=0.0378) increased risk of gastric cancer compared to those with G/G. The risk for G/A and A/A genotypes had synergistic effects with alcohol drinking (OR=11.27, 95% CI=3.72-34.17, p=0.0001), cigarette smoking (OR=23.20, 95% CI=6.24-86.23, p=0.0001) and Helicobacter pylori infection (OR=5.38, 95% CI=2.76-10.52, p=0.0001) on gastric cancer susceptibility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that the A allele of XPD codon 312 may contribute to gastric carcinogenesis and may be useful for early detection and prevention of gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Hong-Xue
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Wen-Shin
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Chia-Wen
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Basic Medical Science, Department of Nursing, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Ju-Yu
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Nai-Kuei
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. L5 Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: An-Sheng
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. L5 Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Ming-Yi
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: L5 Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Wei-Yu
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Center for Drug Abuse and Addiction, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Yao-Chang
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. artbau2@gmail.com e12013@gmail.com shih@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Tzu-Ching
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.affiliation: Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. artbau2@gmail.com e12013@gmail.com shih@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chin-Mu
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. artbau2@gmail.com e12013@gmail.com shih@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Da-Tian
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Bau
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D013624:Taiwan; D014983:Xeroderma Pigmentosum / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: Alcohol consumption; XPD; gastric cancer; genotype; polymorphism; smoking