title: Controllable Synthesis of Functional Hollow Carbon Nanostructures with Dopamine As Precursor for Supercapacitors.
abstract: N-doped hollow carbon spheres (N-HCSs) are promising candidates as electrode material for supercapacitor application. In this work, we report a facile one-step synthesis of discrete and highly dispersible N-HCSs with dopamine (DA) as a carbon precursor and TEOS as a structure-assistant agent in a mixture containing water, ethanol, and ammonia. The architectures of resultant N-HCSs, including yolk-shell hollow carbon spheres (YS-HCSs), single-shell hollow carbon spheres (SS-HCSs), and double-shells hollow carbon spheres (DS-HCSs), can be efficiently controlled through the adjustment of the amount of ammonia. To explain the relation and formation mechanism of these hollow carbon structures, the samples during the different synthetic steps, including polymer/silica spheres, carbon/silica spheres and silica spheres by combustion in air, were characterized by TEM. Electrochemical measurements performed on YS-HCSs, SS-HCSs, and DS-HCSs showed high capacitance with 215, 280, and 381 F g(-1), respectively. Moreover, all the nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanospheres showed a good cycling stability 97.0% capacitive retention after 3000 cycles. Notably, the highest capacitance of DS-HCSs up to 381 F g(-1) is higher than the capacitance reported so far for many carbon-based materials, which may be attributed to the high surface area, hollow structure, nitrogen functionalization, and double-shell architecture. These kinds of N-doped hollow-structured carbon spheres may show promising prospects as advanced energy storage materials and catalyst supports.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiansheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jinyou
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiuyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Weiqing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lianjun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000737:chemistry; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000737:chemistry*; D025802:Electric Capacitance; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004566:Electrodes; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D016062:Porosity; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D014867:Water; D000431:Ethanol; D002244:Carbon; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D000641:Ammonia; D009584:Nitrogen; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: N-doped; double-shells; hollow carbon spheres; single-shell; structure evolution; supercapacitor; yolk−shell