title: Structural modification and characterization of bacterial cellulose-alginate composite scaffolds for tissue engineering.
abstract: A novel bacterial cellulose-alginate composite scaffold (N-BCA) was fabricated by freeze drying and subsequent crosslinking with Ca(2+). The N-BCA then underwent a second freeze drying step to remove water without altering the physical structure. A stable structure of N-BCA with open and highly interconnected pores in the range of 90-160 μm was constructed. The N-BCA was stable in both water and PBS. The swelling ability of N-BCA in water was approximately 50 times its weight, which was about 6.5 times that of the freeze dried bacterial cellulose pellicles. N-BCA demonstrated no cytotoxicity against L929 mouse fibroblast cells. For long-term culture, N-BCA supported attachment, spreading, and proliferation of human gingival fibroblast (GF) on the surface. However, under static conditions, the cell migration and growth inside the scaffold were limited. Because of its biocompatibility and open macroporous structure, N-BCA could potentially be used as a scaffold for tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand.
authors.forename: Suchata
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kirdponpattara
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Arnon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khamkeaw
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Neeracha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sanchavanakit
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Prasit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pavasant
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Electronic address: muenduen.p@chula.ac.th.
authors.forename: Muenduen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Phisalaphong
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002460:Cell Line; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology; D005612:Freeze Drying; D041822:Gluconacetobacter xylinus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016062:Porosity; D013718:Tensile Strength; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D002482:Cellulose
keywords: Acetic acid (PubChem CID: 176); Alginate; Bacterial cellulose; Calcium chloride (PubChem CID: 609326); Fibroblast; Freeze drying; Hexane (PubChem CID: 8058); Interconnected porous structure; Scaffold; Sodium alginate (PubChem CID: 6850754); Sodium hydroxide (PubChem CID: 14798)