title: 18O proteomics reveal increased human apolipoprotein CIII in Hispanic HIV-1+ women with HAART that use cocaine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Drug abuse is a major risk factor in the development and progression of HIV-1. This study defines the alterations in the plasma proteome of HIV-1-infected women that use cocaine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma samples from 12 HIV-seropositive Hispanic women under antiretroviral therapy were selected for this study. Six sample pairs were matched between nondrug users and cocaine users. After IgG and albumin depletion, SDS-PAGE, and in-gel digestion, peptides from nondrug users and cocaine users were labeled with (16) O and (18) O, respectively, and subjected to LC-MS/MS and quantitation using Proteome Discover and QuiXoT softwares and validated by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1015 proteins were identified at 1% false discovery rates (FDR). Statistical analyses revealed 13 proteins with significant changes between the two groups, cocaine and noncocaine users (p < 0.05). The great majority pertained to protection defense function and the rest pertained to transport, homeostatic, regulation, and binding of ligands. Apolipoprotein CIII was increased in plasma of HIV+ Hispanic women positive for cocaine compared to HIV+ nondrug users (p ≤ 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased human apolipoprotein CIII warrants that these patients be carefully monitored to avoid the increased risk of cardiovascular events associated with HIV, HAART, and cocaine use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zenón
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Proteómica Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Ailed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Erick
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Suárez
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Annabell C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Segarra
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Proteómica Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vázquez
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Loyda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Meléndez
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Horacio
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Serrano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D053305:Apolipoprotein C-III / Q000097:blood*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes; D040901:Proteomics
chemical_list: D053305:Apolipoprotein C-III; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes; D003042:Cocaine
keywords: 18O labeling; Apolipoprotein CIII; Cocaine; HIV; Quantitative proteomics