title: Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Advances in Management and Diagnosis.
abstract: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of irreversible visual impairment in older populations in industrialized nations. AMD is a late-onset deterioration of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium in the central retina caused by various environmental and genetic factors. Great strides in our understanding of AMD pathogenesis have been made in the past several decades, which have translated into revolutionary therapeutic agents in recent years. In this review, we describe the clinical and pathologic features of AMD and present an overview of current diagnosis and treatment strategies.
authors.affiliation: Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Yoshihiro_Yonekawa@meei.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yonekawa
authors.affiliation: Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. joan_miller@meei.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Joan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Ivana_Kim@meei.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Ivana K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: age-related macular degeneration; choroidal neovascularization; fluorescein angiography; fundus autofluorescence; optical coherence tomography; retina; vascular endothelial growth factor; visual impairment