title: Compost Grown Agaricus bisporus Lacks the Ability to Degrade and Consume Highly Substituted Xylan Fragments.
abstract: The fungus Agaricus bisporus is commercially grown for the production of edible mushrooms. This cultivation occurs on compost, but not all of this substrate is consumed by the fungus. To determine why certain fractions remain unused, carbohydrate degrading enzymes, water-extracted from mushroom-grown compost at different stages of mycelium growth and fruiting body formation, were analyzed for their ability to degrade a range of polysaccharides. Mainly endo-xylanase, endo-glucanase, β-xylosidase and β-glucanase activities were determined in the compost extracts obtained during mushroom growth. Interestingly, arabinofuranosidase activity able to remove arabinosyl residues from doubly substituted xylose residues and α-glucuronidase activity were not detected in the compost enzyme extracts. This correlates with the observed accumulation of arabinosyl and glucuronic acid substituents on the xylan backbone in the compost towards the end of the cultivation. Hence, it was concluded that compost grown A. bisporus lacks the ability to degrade and consume highly substituted xylan fragments.
authors.affiliation: Wageningen University, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Edita
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jurak
authors.affiliation: Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Aleksandrina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patyshakuliyeva
authors.affiliation: Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ronald P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.affiliation: Wageningen University, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gruppen
authors.affiliation: Wageningen University, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mirjam A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kabel
mesh_terms: D000364:Agaricus / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D044602:Cellulases / Q000378:metabolism; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism; D043364:Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases / Q000378:metabolism; D008351:Mannans / Q000378:metabolism; D025282:Mycelium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D014990:Xylans / Q000378:metabolism*; D014995:Xylosidases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008351:Mannans; D012987:Soil; D014990:Xylans; D002482:Cellulose; D044602:Cellulases; D014995:Xylosidases; C026579:exo-1,4-beta-D-xylosidase; D043364:Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases