title: Contrasting Genetic Structure and Diversity of Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns, 1848) Along the Chilean Coast: Stock Identification for Fishery Management.
abstract: Galaxias maculatus (Pisces: Galaxiidae) commonly known as "puye" has a disjunct distribution along the Southern Hemisphere including landlocked and migratory populations at latitudes over 30°S in South America, Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand. Chilean artisanal fishery of G. maculatus has become less important as a resource due to multiple factors including overexploitation, pollution, introduction of predators, and competitors. At the same time, the current conservation status of the species in Chile is still uncertain. Here, we used mtDNA control region sequences (925bp) to investigate main patterns of genetic diversity and structure in populations from 2 biogeographic areas along the Chilean coast. Extremely high levels of genetic diversity characterize the species, suggesting a low amount of influence of the last glacial cycle over its demography compared with other studies in freshwater and marine South American fishes. However, we recognized contrasting genetic patterns between the Intermediate Area (between 30°S and 42°S) and the Magellanic Province (between 42°S and 56°S). On the one hand, over a narrow geographical range (<200 km) each Intermediate Area estuarine population constitutes a different genetic unit. On the other hand, the Magellanic populations of the species exhibited low levels of differentiation in an area extending for more than 500 km. Such differences may be a consequence of different coastal configurations, oceanographic regimes, and Quaternary glacial histories. Finally, our results support the existence of different stock units for G. maculatus and this information should be integrated in future management strategies and aquaculture programs for this species.
authors.affiliation: From the GAIA-Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Avenida Bulnes 01890, Punta Arenas 621-0427, Chile (González-Wevar); the Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras #3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile (González-Wevar, Salinas, Hüne, Segovia, Oda, and Poulin); and the Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile (Vargas-Chacoff). omeuno01@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: González-Wevar
authors.affiliation: From the GAIA-Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Avenida Bulnes 01890, Punta Arenas 621-0427, Chile (González-Wevar); the Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras #3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile (González-Wevar, Salinas, Hüne, Segovia, Oda, and Poulin); and the Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile (Vargas-Chacoff).
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salinas
authors.affiliation: From the GAIA-Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Avenida Bulnes 01890, Punta Arenas 621-0427, Chile (González-Wevar); the Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras #3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile (González-Wevar, Salinas, Hüne, Segovia, Oda, and Poulin); and the Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile (Vargas-Chacoff).
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hüne
authors.affiliation: From the GAIA-Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Avenida Bulnes 01890, Punta Arenas 621-0427, Chile (González-Wevar); the Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras #3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile (González-Wevar, Salinas, Hüne, Segovia, Oda, and Poulin); and the Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile (Vargas-Chacoff).
authors.forename: Nicolás
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Segovia
authors.affiliation: From the GAIA-Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Avenida Bulnes 01890, Punta Arenas 621-0427, Chile (González-Wevar); the Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras #3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile (González-Wevar, Salinas, Hüne, Segovia, Oda, and Poulin); and the Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile (Vargas-Chacoff).
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vargas-Chacoff
authors.affiliation: From the GAIA-Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Avenida Bulnes 01890, Punta Arenas 621-0427, Chile (González-Wevar); the Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras #3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile (González-Wevar, Salinas, Hüne, Segovia, Oda, and Poulin); and the Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile (Vargas-Chacoff).
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.affiliation: From the GAIA-Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Avenida Bulnes 01890, Punta Arenas 621-0427, Chile (González-Wevar); the Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras #3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile (González-Wevar, Salinas, Hüne, Segovia, Oda, and Poulin); and the Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile (Vargas-Chacoff).
authors.forename: Elie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Poulin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002677:Chile; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D005398:Fisheries; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D005843:Geography; D006239:Haplotypes; D036441:Osmeriformes / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial
keywords: Conservation; Control region; Galaxiidae; Genetic stock; Phylogeography; mtDNA