title: Role of Hyaluronan and Glucose on 4-Methylumbelliferone-inhibited Cell Proliferation in Breast Carcinoma Cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) has received considerable attention due to its potential for cancer treatment since it inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion. An increasing body of evidence suggests that extracellular matrix (e.g. hyaluronan) and nutrients (e.g. glucose) in the tumor microenvironment may affect cellular responses to extracellular signals. This study investigates the role of hyaluronan and glucose on 4-MU-inhibited cell proliferation in breast carcinoma cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  4-MU-inhibited cell proliferation was determined using the soluble formazan dye, whose absorbance is directly proportional to the number of living cells, under conditions of competent vs. deficient in producing hyaluronan, or low vs. high glucose in culture media of breast carcinoma cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cellular sensitivity to 4-MU-inhibited cell proliferation was altered by changes in the amount of hyaluronan or glucose in the tumor microenvironment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased amounts of hyaluronan or glucose in the tumor microenvironment reduced cellular sensitivity of breast carcinoma cells to 4-MU-inhibited cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Rongrong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yanhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yanan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaohe
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A. luon11@nankai.edu.cn dstupack@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Dwayne G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Stupack
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China luon11@nankai.edu.cn dstupack@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006923:Hymecromone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D006923:Hymecromone; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D005947:Glucose
keywords: 4-Methylumbelliferone; breast carcinoma cell; glucose; hyaluronan; proliferation