title: DNA Persistence in a Sink Drain Environment.
abstract: Biofilms are organized structures composed mainly of cells and extracellular polymeric substances produced by the constituent microorganisms. Ubiquitous in nature, biofilms have an innate ability to capture and retain passing material and may therefore act as natural collectors of contaminants or signatures of upstream activities. To determine the persistence and detectability of DNA passing through a sink drain environment, Bacillus anthracis strain Ames35 was cultured (6.35 x 107 CFU/mL), sterilized, and disposed of by addition to a sink drain apparatus with an established biofilm. The sink drain apparatus was sampled before and for several days after the addition of the sterilized B. anthracis culture to detect the presence of B. anthracis DNA. Multiple PCR primer pairs were used to screen for chromosomal and plasmid DNA with primers targeting shorter sequences showing greater amplification efficiency and success. PCR amplification and detection of target sequences indicate persistence of chromosomal DNA and plasmid DNA in the biofilm for 5 or more and 14 or more days, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, Washington, United States of America.
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Winder
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, Washington, United States of America.
authors.forename: George T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Bonheyo
mesh_terms: D001408:Bacillus anthracis / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D018441:Biofilms; D017931:DNA Primers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012498:Sanitary Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial