title: In vitro effects of Eucalyptus staigeriana nanoemulsion on Haemonchus contortus and toxicity in rodents.
abstract: Strategies for controlling gastrointestinal nematodes have been developed based on the use of numerous alternative methods, including the use of phytotherapy. New formulations of essential oils with anthelmintic activity have been proposed as a means to optimize their biological effects. Thus, the objective of this study was to formulate a nanoemulsion to optimize the nematicide effect of Eucalyptus staigeriana essential oil (EsEO). Initially, physico-chemical analyses were performed to verify the stability of the E. staigeriana nanoemulsion (EsNano). In vitro tests were conducted to evaluate the ovicidal and larvicidal activities of both EsNano and EsEO against Haemonchus contortus, and toxicology tests were then performed on rodents. The EsEO content in the nanoemulsion was 36.4% (v/v), and the mean particle size was 274.3 nm. EsNano and EsEO inhibited larval hatching by 99% and 96.3% at 1 and 2mg/ml concentrations, respectively, and inhibited larval development by 96.3% and 97.3% at 8 mg/ml concentrations. The acute toxicity test revealed that the EsNano and EsEO doses required to kill 50% of the mice (LD50) were 1,603.9 and 3,495.9 mg/ml, respectively. EsNano did not alter the hematological parameters in the rats after treatment.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wesley Lyeverton Correia
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Lourdes Fernandes
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Camurça-Vasconcelos
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Iara Tersia Freitas
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Macedo
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jessica Maria Leite
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Vilemar
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: de Araújo-Filho
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana de Carvalho
authors.initials: Jde C
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa de Abreu
authors.initials: Vde A
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel de Araújo
authors.initials: Dde A
authors.lastname: Viana
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Haroldo Cesar Beserra
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: de Paula
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Brazil. Electronic address: bevilaqua.uece@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Claudia Maria Leal
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bevilaqua
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004304:Dosage Forms; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005052:Eucalyptus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006188:Haemonchiasis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006189:Haemonchus / Q000187:drug effects*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D004304:Dosage Forms; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils
keywords: Anthelmintic; Chitosan; Haemonchus contortus; Nanoemulsion