title: Neurological and Epigenetic Implications of Nutritional Deficiencies on Psychopathology: Conceptualization and Review of Evidence.
abstract: In recent years, a role for epigenetic modifications in the pathophysiology of disease has received significant attention. Many studies are now beginning to explore the gene-environment interactions, which may mediate early-life exposure to risk factors, such as nutritional deficiencies and later development of behavioral problems in children and adults. In this paper, we review the current literature on the role of epigenetics in the development of psychopathology, with a specific focus on the potential for epigenetic modifications to link nutrition and brain development. We propose a conceptual framework whereby epigenetic modifications (e.g., DNA methylation) mediate the link between micro- and macro-nutrient deficiency early in life and brain dysfunction (e.g., structural aberration, neurotransmitter perturbation), which has been linked to development of behavior problems later on in life.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. jhliu@nursing.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Jianghong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. sophie.r.zhao@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Sophie R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. reyestm@mail.med.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reyes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D015362:Child Nutrition Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D006801:Humans; D011599:Psychopathology / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D012919:Social Behavior
keywords: behavior problems; brain dysfunction; gene–environment interactions; molecular epigenetics; neurotoxicity; nutrients; psychopathology