title: Molecularly imprinted polymers as a tool for the study of the 4-ethylphenol metabolic pathway in red wines.
abstract: A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based methodology is described here for the determination of compounds that belong to the 4-ethylphenol (4EP) metabolic pathway in red wines. To this end, two MIP materials have been developed: a 4EP MIP as a class-selective material to extract phenols that belong to the 4EP metabolic pathway and a coumaric acid (CA) imprinted polymer as a MIP-based stationary phase capable of selectively separating these phenols on HPLC analysis, obtaining clean chromatograms. 4-vinyl pyridine and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate were respectively used as functional monomer and cross-linker for both MIPs. Once polymer compositions were optimised, the 4EP MIP was packed into SPE cartridges for wine sample clean-up and CA MIP was packed into HPLC columns to chromatographically separate the compounds present in the eluates obtained after SPE extraction. The accuracy of the proposed method was tested spiking wine samples with known concentrations of target compounds and subsequently, analytes were quantified by the standard addition method. Registered mean recoveries ranged from 95.2 to 109.2% and RSD values were below 10% in most cases. The described methodology was found to be suitable for the selective extraction and quantification of the compounds that belong to the 4EP metabolic pathway in red wines with minimal matrix effects and could be undoubtedly exploited to monitor 4EP and its precursors in wines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
authors.forename: Deiene
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gomez-Caballero
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guerreiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
authors.forename: M Aranzazu
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Goicolea
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. Electronic address: r.barrio@ehu.es.
authors.forename: Ramon J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Barrio
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D054802:Molecular Imprinting; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000737:chemistry*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D008689:Methacrylates; D010636:Phenols; D011145:Polyvinyls; C421283:poly(ethylene glycol)-dimethacrylate; C019535:poly(4-vinylpyridine); D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C042291:4-ethylphenol
keywords: 4-Ethylphenol; Molecularly imprinted polymer; Molecularly imprinted stationary phase; Solid phase extraction; Wine