title: PLGA-encapsulated perfluorocarbon nanoparticles for simultaneous visualization of distinct cell populations by 19F MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In vivo imaging using (19)F MRI is advantageous, due to its ability to quantify cell numbers, but is limited for a lack of suitable labels. Here, we formulate two stable and clinically applicable labels for tracking two populations of primary human dendritic cells (DCs) simultaneously.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasmacytoid and myeloid DCs are able to take up sufficient nanoparticles (200 nm) for imaging (10(12 19)F's per cell), despite being relatively nonphagocytic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinically relevant numbers of labeled DCs could be imaged in about 10 min, even on a clinical scanner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrate the use of perfluorocarbon nanoparticles for simultaneous (19)F MRI of distinct cell populations in a clinical setting, without spectroscopic imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tumor Immunology, & Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mangala
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Srinivas
authors.affiliation: Department of Tumor Immunology, & Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jurjen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tel
authors.affiliation: Department of Tumor Immunology, & Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gerty
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schreibelt
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Física del Litoral (CONICET - UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bonetto
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Luis-Javier
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.|Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Houshang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Amiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Arend
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heerschap
authors.affiliation: Department of Tumor Immunology, & Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Carl G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Figdor
authors.affiliation: Department of Tumor Immunology, & Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: I Jolanda M
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: de Vries
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D066235:Fluorine-19 Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053758:Nanoparticles; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer
chemical_list: D005466:Fluorocarbons; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid
keywords: 19F MRI; PLGA; cell therapy; fluorescence; in vivo imaging; perfluorocarbons