title: Ion-exchange molecularly imprinted polymer for the extraction of negatively charged acesulfame from wastewater samples.
abstract: Acesulfame is a known indicator that is used to identify the introduction of domestic wastewater into water systems. It is negatively charged and highly water-soluble at environmental pH values. In this study, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized for negatively charged acesulfame and successfully applied for the selective solid phase extraction (SPE) of acesulfame from influent and effluent wastewater samples. (Vinylbenzyl)trimethylammonium chloride (VBTA) was used as a novel phase transfer reagent, which enhanced the solubility of negatively charged acesulfame in the organic solvent (porogen) and served as a functional monomer in MIP synthesis. Different molecularly imprinted polymers were synthesized to optimize the extraction capability of acesulfame. The different materials were evaluated using equilibrium rebinding experiments, selectivity experiments and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The most efficient MIP was used in a molecularly imprinted-solid phase extraction (MISPE) protocol to extract acesulfame from wastewater samples. Using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS-MS) analysis, detection and quantification limits were achieved at 0.12μgL(-1) and 0.35μgL(-1), respectively. Certain cross selectivity for the chemical compounds containing negatively charged sulfonamide functional group was observed during selectivity experiments.
authors.affiliation: UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: mashaalah.zare@ufz.de.
authors.forename: Mashaalah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zarejousheghani
authors.affiliation: UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Steffi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schrader
authors.affiliation: UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Möder
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute of Surface Modification, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.affiliation: UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Helko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Borsdorf
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007474:Ion Exchange; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D054802:Molecular Imprinting; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013843:Thiazines / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008689:Methacrylates; D011137:Polystyrenes; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D013843:Thiazines; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C114826:poly(vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride); C008384:methacrylic acid; C006362:acetosulfame
keywords: (Vinylbenzyl)trimethylammonium chloride phase transfer; Acesulfame; Ammonium salt; Molecularly imprinted polymer; Wastewater