title: Metabolomics of cocaine: implications in toxicity.
abstract: Cocaine is the most commonly used illicit drug among those seeking care in Emergency Departments or drug detoxification centers. Cocaine, chemically known as benzoylmethylecgonine, is a naturally occurring substance found in the leaves of the Erythroxylum coca plant. The pharmacokinetics of cocaine is dependent on multiple factors, such as physical/chemical form, route of administration, genetics and concurrent consumption of alcohol. This review aims to discuss metabolomics of cocaine, namely by presenting all known metabolites of cocaine and their roles in the cocaine-mediated toxic effects.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Sciences , IINFACTS - Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Advanced Institute of Health Sciences - North (ISCS-N) , CESPU , CRL , Gandra , Portugal .|b Department of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal , and.|c REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.
authors.forename: Ricardo Jorge
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Dinis-Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D015394:Molecular Structure; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003042:Cocaine
keywords: Anhydroecgonine methyl ester; cocaethylene; cocaine; metabolism; norcocaine; “crack”