title: Freestyle Local Perforator Flaps for Facial Reconstruction.
abstract: For the successful reconstruction of facial defects, various perforator flaps have been used in single-stage surgery, where tissues are moved to adjacent defect sites. Our group successfully performed perforator flap surgery on 17 patients with small to moderate facial defects that affected the functional and aesthetic features of their faces. Of four complicated cases, three developed venous congestion, which resolved in the subacute postoperative period, and one patient with partial necrosis underwent minor revision. We reviewed the literature on freestyle perforator flaps for facial defect reconstruction and focused on English articles published in the last five years. With the advance of knowledge regarding the vascular anatomy of pedicled perforator flaps in the face, we found that some perforator flaps can improve functional and aesthetic reconstruction for the facial defects. We suggest that freestyle facial perforator flaps can serve as alternative, safe, and versatile treatment modalities for covering small to moderate facial defects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University, 56 Dongsu-ro, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon 403-720, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University, 271 Cheonbo-ro, Uijeongbu 480-717, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University, 271 Cheonbo-ro, Uijeongbu 480-717, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ho
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University, 271 Cheonbo-ro, Uijeongbu 480-717, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-No
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University, 271 Cheonbo-ro, Uijeongbu 480-717, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Sup
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University, 271 Cheonbo-ro, Uijeongbu 480-717, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Wha
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D005153:Facial Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061525:Perforator Flap; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*