title: Exposure assessment of epidermal growth factor to various tissues in mice after intravenous and subcutaneous administration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to examine the tissue distribution of human recombinant epidermal growth factor (EGF) after multiple intravenous and subcutaneous injections in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male BALB/c mice were divided into (1) EGF 1 mg/kg intravenous dose, (2) EGF 5 mg/kg intravenous dose, (3) drug-free intravenous control, (4) EGF 1 mg/kg subcutaneous dose, (5) EGF 5 mg/kg subcutaneous dose and (6) drug-free subcutaneous control groups. EGF and drug-free dosing solutions were injected by intravenous and subcutaneous injections once a day for 3 days. EGF concentrations in serum and tissues of kidney, liver, lung, small intestine and tongue were determined by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As the intravenous and subcutaneous doses were increased from 1 to 5 mg/kg, serum Cmax and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) values were increased dose-proportionally. In lung, tongue and small intestine, increases in AUC were dose-proportional after intravenous injections, but greater than dose-proportional after subcutaneous injections. The fold-increases in Cmax and AUC values were lowest in liver and highest in kidney.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on Cmax and AUC data, the systemic exposure achieved by subcutaneous injections was comparable with that achieved by intravenous injections.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Bong
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8404-0581
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongbuk, South Korea.
authors.forename: Beomsoo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Daewoong Pharmaceutical Corporation, Yongin, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Daewoong Pharmaceutical Corporation, Yongin, South Korea.
authors.forename: Bong Yong
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Hwan
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Min Gi
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Dong
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Yoo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor
keywords: ELISA; epidermal growth factor; pharmacokinetics; systemic exposure; tissue distribution