title: Comparison Between Various Color Spectra and Conventional Grayscale Imaging for Detection of Parenchymal Liver Lesions With B-Mode Sonography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The electronic colorization of grayscale B-mode sonograms using various color schemes aims to enhance the adaptability and practicability of B-mode sonography in daylight conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic effectiveness and importance of colorized B-mode sonography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three video sequences of sonographic examinations of the liver were digitized and subsequently colorized in 2 different color combinations (yellow-brown and blue-white). The set of 53 images consisted of 33 with isoechoic masses, 8 with obvious lesions of the liver (hypoechoic or hyperechoic), and 12 with inconspicuous reference images of the liver. The video sequences were combined in a random order and edited into half-hour video clips.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Isoechoic liver lesions were successfully detected in 58% of the yellow-brown video sequences and in 57% of the grayscale video sequences (P = .74, not significant). Fifty percent of the isoechoic liver lesions were successfully detected in the blue-white video sequences, as opposed to a 55% detection rate in the corresponding grayscale video sequences (P= .11, not significant). In 2 subgroups, significantly more liver lesions were detected with grayscale sonography compared to blue-white sonography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Yellow-brown-colorized B-mode sonography appears to be similarly effective for detection of isoechoic parenchymal liver lesions as traditional grayscale sonography. Blue-white colorization in B-mode sonography is probably not as effective as grayscale sonography, although a statistically significant disadvantage was shown only in the subgroup of hyperechoic liver lesions.
authors.affiliation: St Hedwig Krankenhaus Berlin, Klinik für Innere Medizin, Berlin, Germany (D.M., J.C.K., D.W., K.-M.D.); Abteilung für Gastroenterologie, St Josefs Hospital Cloppenburg, Cloppenburg, Germany (E.B.); and Medizinische Fakultät, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (M.K.). merkel@gmx.com.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Merkel
authors.affiliation: St Hedwig Krankenhaus Berlin, Klinik für Innere Medizin, Berlin, Germany (D.M., J.C.K., D.W., K.-M.D.); Abteilung für Gastroenterologie, St Josefs Hospital Cloppenburg, Cloppenburg, Germany (E.B.); and Medizinische Fakultät, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (M.K.).
authors.forename: Eckard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brinkmann
authors.affiliation: St Hedwig Krankenhaus Berlin, Klinik für Innere Medizin, Berlin, Germany (D.M., J.C.K., D.W., K.-M.D.); Abteilung für Gastroenterologie, St Josefs Hospital Cloppenburg, Cloppenburg, Germany (E.B.); and Medizinische Fakultät, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (M.K.).
authors.forename: Joerg C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kämmer
authors.affiliation: St Hedwig Krankenhaus Berlin, Klinik für Innere Medizin, Berlin, Germany (D.M., J.C.K., D.W., K.-M.D.); Abteilung für Gastroenterologie, St Josefs Hospital Cloppenburg, Cloppenburg, Germany (E.B.); and Medizinische Fakultät, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (M.K.).
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Köhler
authors.affiliation: St Hedwig Krankenhaus Berlin, Klinik für Innere Medizin, Berlin, Germany (D.M., J.C.K., D.W., K.-M.D.); Abteilung für Gastroenterologie, St Josefs Hospital Cloppenburg, Cloppenburg, Germany (E.B.); and Medizinische Fakultät, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (M.K.).
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wiens
authors.affiliation: St Hedwig Krankenhaus Berlin, Klinik für Innere Medizin, Berlin, Germany (D.M., J.C.K., D.W., K.-M.D.); Abteilung für Gastroenterologie, St Josefs Hospital Cloppenburg, Cloppenburg, Germany (E.B.); and Medizinische Fakultät, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (M.K.).
authors.forename: Karl-Michael
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Derwahl
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003116:Color; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000379:methods*; D005858:Germany; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*
keywords: colorized sonography; daylight sonography; gastrointestinal ultrasound; liver lesion; pseudocoloring