title: Embodied cognitive flexibility and neuroplasticity following Quadrato Motor Training.
abstract: Quadrato Motor Training (QMT) is a whole-body movement contemplative practice aimed at increasing health and well-being. Previous research studying the effect of one QMT session suggested that one of its means for promoting health is by enhancing cognitive flexibility, an important dimension of creativity. Yet, little is known about the effect of a longer QMT practice on creativity, or the relative contribution of the cognitive and motor aspects of the training. Here, we continue this line of research in two inter-related studies, examining the effects of prolonged QMT. In the first, we investigated the effect of 4-weeks of daily QMT on creativity using the Alternate Uses (AUs) Task. In order to determine whether changes in creativity were driven by the cognitive or the motor aspects of the training, we used two control groups: Verbal Training (VT, identical cognitive training with verbal response) and Simple Motor Training (SMT, similar motor training with reduced choice requirements). Twenty-seven participants were randomly assigned to one of the groups. Following training, cognitive flexibility significantly increased in the QMT group, which was not the case for either the SMT or VT groups. In contrast to one QMT session, ideational fluency was also significantly increased. In the second study, we conducted a pilot longitudinal structural magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging (4-weeks QMT). We report gray matter volume and fractional anisotropy changes, in several regions, including the cerebellum, previously related to interoceptive accuracy. The anatomical changes were positively correlated with cognitive flexibility scores. Albeit the small sample size and preliminary nature of the findings, these results provide support for the hypothesized creativity-motor connection. The results are compared to other contemplative studies, and discussed in light of theoretical models integrating cognitive flexibility, embodiment and the motor system.
authors.affiliation: The Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan, Israel ; Research Institute for Neuroscience, Education and Didactics, Patrizio Paoletti Foundation Assisi, Italy.
authors.forename: Tal D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Ben-Soussan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot, Israel ; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Aviva
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berkovich-Ohana
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy ; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, Università degli Studi Gabriele D'Annunzio Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Piervincenzi
authors.affiliation: The Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan, Israel ; Department of Criminology, Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan, Israel.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glicksohn
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carducci
keywords: MRI; Quadrato Motor Training; cerebellum; creativity; embodiment