title: ["Dual Guidance"? - parallel combination of ultrasound-guidance and nerve stimulation - Contra].
abstract: Sonography is a highly user-dependent technology. It presupposes a considerable degree of sonoanatomic and sonographic knowledge and requires good practical skills of the examiner. Sonography allows the identification of the puncture target, observes the needle feed and assesses the spread pattern of the local anesthetic in real time. Peripheral electrical nerve stimulation (PNS) cannot offer these advantages to the same degree, but may allow nerve localization under difficult sonographic conditions. The combination of the two locating techniques is complex in its practical implementation. Partially, the use of one location technique is made even more difficult by the combination with the second. PNS in parallel to sonography serves primarily as a warning technology in the case of an invisible cannula tip. It should not be construed as a compensation technique for the lack of sonographic skills or knowledge. However, PNS may be helpful in the sense of a bridging technology as long as the user is aware of its limitations.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maecken
mesh_terms: D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*