title: The role of NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 genetic variations in lung cancer risk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 are members of the Nod-like receptor (NLR) family, and they contain a caspase recruitment domain (CARD). NLRs are located in the cytosol where they bind bacterial and viral ligands and play a key role in the innate and adaptive immune response, apoptosis, autophagy, and reactive oxygen species generation. NLR gene polymorphisms may shift the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and modulate the risk of infection, chronic inflammation, and cancer. NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 gene polymorphisms may also be associated with altered risks for many cancer types. The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential associations between lung cancer and NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 polymorphisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The NOD1/CARD4 (rs5743336) and NOD2/CARD15 (rs2066847) SNPs were analyzed by PCR restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) in 260 subjects (lung cancer patients: n = 160; healthy controls: n = 100) of Turkish origin. PCR products were digested with AvaI for rs5743336 and ApaI for rs2066847 and then visualized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparisons of the genotypes between control and lung cancer patients were performed by Chi-square tests. We found a significant difference in the genotypic distribution of the rs5743336 variant of NOD1/CARD4 between lung cancer patients and controls (p = 0.010, χ (2) = 9.220). However, we did not identify any statistically significant difference for the p.Leu1007fsX1008 (rs2066847) genotype of NOD2/CARD15 between groups (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to our data, the rs5743336 variant of the NOD1/CARD4 gene may influence the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, whereas the rs2066847 variant of the NOD2/CARD15 gene is not associated with lung cancer risk in the Turkish population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey. c.ozbayer@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Cansu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ozbayer
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hulyam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurt
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aysegul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bayramoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan Veysi
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Gunes
authors.affiliation: Department of Chest Diseases, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Muzaffer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Metintas
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: İrfan
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Degirmenci
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kevser Setenay
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Oner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053474:Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: C119067:NOD1 protein, human; C429018:NOD2 protein, human; D053474:Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein
keywords: Inflammation; Lung cancer; NOD1/CARD4; NOD2/CARD15; Polymorphism