title: Comparison of bioactivities and phenolic composition of Choerospondias axillaris peels and fleshes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Choerospondias axillaris is both an edible and medicinal fruit. It has a growing popularity and economic importance due to its nutritive value and medicinal effects, but comprehensive information on the chemical composition and bioactivity of its fruits is still lacking. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative effects and chemical composition of peel polyphenolic (PP) and flesh polyphenolic (FP) extracts from C. axillaris.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The phenolics and flavonoids of peel were significantly higher than those of flesh. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS(2) ) analysis revealed that (+)-catechin and oligomeric procyanidins were the most abundant compounds in PP and FP. Both extracts exhibited strong ferric-reducing antioxidant power, total antioxidant activity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH(•) )-scavenging ability. PP showed a significantly higher antimicrobial effect against tested strains than that of FP, in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, both extracts inhibited the growth of HepG2 and Caco-2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 39.31 and 47.49 µg mL(-1) to HepG2 cells and 101.90 and 102.61 µg mL(-1) to Caco-2 cells respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first detailed report on the chemical composition and bioactivities of C. axillaris fruits. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Ti
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Chengmei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Jiangxi Qiyun Shan Food Co., Ltd, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Jiyan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D027926:Anacardiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols
keywords: Choerospondias axillaris; antimicrobial; antioxidant; antiproliferative; phenolic compounds