title: Self-Determination and Physical Exercise Adherence in the Contexts of Fitness Academies and Personal Training.
abstract: This research aimed to analyze the validity of the relations hypothesized by the theory of self-determination in predicting adherence to physical exercise in fitness academy users and subjects following personal training. A total of 588 persons from Pelotas / RS / Brazil (405 gym users and 183 subjects following personal training) completed the Portuguese version of the three questionnaires, i.e. the Perceived Autonomy Support Climate Exercise Questionnaire, Basic Psychological Needs in the Exercise Scale and Behavioral Regulation in the Exercise Questionnaire -2. The results support the factorial structure of the questionnaires used in this sample. There was a significant multivariate effect of context on self-determination for physical exercise training [Wilks' λ = 0.934, F (10, 576.000) = 4.03, p < 0.001, η(2) = 0.01]. The hypothesized structural equation model, which considered the self-determination theory, showed a good fit to the data (S-B χ(2) = 234.703; p= .001; df = 52; χ(2)/df = 4.514; SRMS = .049; NNFI = .906; CFI = .926; RMSEA = .077; RMSEA 90% CI = .067 - .088). However, in the comparative analysis, the perception of autonomy support, relatedness and competence were significantly higher in the context of personal training, while the amotivation and external regulation were significantly higher in the context of fitness academies.
authors.affiliation: University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Research Centre in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ingi Petitemberte
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Klain
authors.affiliation: University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Research Centre in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal.
authors.forename: Dihogo Gama
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: de Matos
authors.affiliation: University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Research Centre in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal.
authors.forename: José Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Leitão
authors.affiliation: Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPS), Research Centre in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal.
authors.forename: Luís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cid
authors.affiliation: Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPS), Research Centre in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal.
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moutão
keywords: exercise adherence; motivation; self-determination theory