title: DNA barcode and evolutionary relationship within Laemolyta Cope 1872 (Characiformes: Anostomidae) through molecular analyses.
abstract: The Laemolyta genus is a monophyletic group with five valid species. Phylogenetic relationships among the species of this genus are unknown. We analyzed four nominal Laemolyta species. The COI gene for all individuals was amplified and the genetic distances were estimated. We performed genetic distance analyses to determine the different MOTUs. Two mitochondrial (COI and CytB) and three nuclear (Myh6, RAG1 and RAG2) markers were amplified for one individual of each identified MOTU. Maximum Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood were conducted using concatenate alignment. In addition, multilocus Bayesian species tree was carried out. By using DNA barcode, we identified six different MOTUs. The COI inter-MOTU distances ranged from 0.92% to 5.76%. The normalized mean intra-MOTU distance was 0.13%. The DNA barcode was useful to diagnose all species. Two clades showing distinct color patterns were recovered in all molecular phylogenetic trees. Clade A joined fishes with no vertical bars (L. garmani, L. taeniata 1 and L. taeniata 2) and clade B, fishes with vertical dark bars (L. fernandezi Araguaia, L. fernandezi Xingu, and L. proxima). The results were able to identify the cryptic biodiversity within the group and obtained the most complete Laemolyta phylogeny.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biodiversidade Molecular e Conservação, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Via Washington Luis Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: jolobio@ufscar.br.
authors.forename: Jorge L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biodiversidade Molecular e Conservação, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Via Washington Luis Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Galetti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D005075:Biological Evolution; D001938:Brazil; D060125:Characiformes / Q000235:genetics*; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000235:genetics; D058893:DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic / Q000379:methods*; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D045304:Cytochromes c
keywords: Anostomids; Cryptic species; Molecular phylogeny; Neotropical fishes