title: Chemical composition, protoscolicidal effects and acute toxicity of Pistacia atlantica Desf. fruit extract.
abstract: The present study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition and scolicidal effects of Pistacia atlantica Desf. extract against protoscoleces of hydatid cysts and its acute toxicity in mice model. Various concentrations of the methanolic extract (5-50 mg/mL) were used for 10-60 min. Viability of protoscoleces was confirmed using eosin exclusion test (0.1%). Acute toxicity was also determined in mice model. The main components were β-myrcene (41.4%), α-pinene (32.48%) and limonene (4.66%). Findings demonstrated that P. atlantica extract at the concentrations of 25 and 50 mg/mL after 20 and 10 min of exposure killed 100% protoscoleces. The LD50 of the intraperitoneal injection of the P. atlantica methanolic extract was 2.43 g/kg and the maximum non-fatal dose was 1.66 g/kg. Obtained results showed the potential of P. atlantica extract as a natural source with no significant toxicity for the production of new scolicidal agent to use in hydatid cyst surgery.
authors.affiliation: a Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mahmoudvand
authors.affiliation: b Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology , School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences , Khorramabad , Iran.
authors.forename: Farnaz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kheirandish
authors.affiliation: c Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology , Shahid Bahonar University , Kerman , Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghasemi Kia
authors.affiliation: d Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology , School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tavakoli Kareshk
authors.affiliation: d Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology , School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yarahmadi
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000818:Animals; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004443:Echinococcosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D048209:Echinococcus granulosus / Q000187:drug effects*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D000077222:Limonene; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification; D027927:Pistacia / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D013729:Terpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013729:Terpenes; C008574:beta-myrcene; D000077222:Limonene; C005451:alpha-pinene
keywords: Hydatid cyst; P. atlantica; scolicidal; toxicity