title: Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158met polymorphism interacts with early experience to predict executive functions in early childhood.
abstract: Numerous studies demonstrate that the Methionine variant of the catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism, which confers less efficient catabolism of catecholamines, is associated with increased focal activation of prefrontal cortex (PFC) and higher levels of executive function abilities. By and large, however, studies of COMT Val158Met have been conducted with adult samples and do not account for the context in which development is occurring. Effects of early adversity on stress response physiology and the inverted U shape relating catecholamine levels to neural activity in PFC indicate the need to take into account early experience when considering relations between genes such as COMT and executive cognitive ability. Consistent with this neurobiology, we find in a prospective longitudinal sample of children and families (N = 1292) that COMT Val158Met interacts with early experience to predict executive function abilities in early childhood. Specifically, the Valine variant of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism, which confers more rather than less efficient catabolism of catecholamines is associated with higher executive function abilities at child ages 48 and 60 months and with faster growth of executive function for children experiencing early adversity, as indexed by cumulative risk factors in the home at child ages 7, 15, 24, and 36 months. Findings indicate the importance of the early environment for the relation between catecholamine genes and developmental outcomes and demonstrate that the genetic moderation of environmental risk is detectable in early childhood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Psychology, NYU, 246 Greene St, Kimball Hall, 8th floor, New York, NY 10003. clancy.blair@nyu.edu.
authors.forename: Clancy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blair
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Psychology, NYU, 246 Greene St, Kimball Hall, 8th floor, New York, NY 10003.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sulik
authors.affiliation: Frank Porter Graham Child Development Center, 521 S. Greensboro Street, CB 8185, NC 27599.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Willoughby
authors.affiliation: Frank Porter Graham Child Development Center, 521 S. Greensboro Street, CB 8185, NC 27599.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mills-Koonce
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petrill
authors.affiliation: The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital & The Ohio State University, 575 Children's Crossroad WB5149, Columbus, OH 43215.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.affiliation: Department of HDFS, 110 Henderson South, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Greenberg
mesh_terms: D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008016:Life Change Events; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008715:Methionine; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D014633:Valine
chemical_list: D008715:Methionine; C588010:COMT protein, human; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase; D014633:Valine
keywords: attention; early experience; polymorphism; stress