title: GLP-1 Increases Preovulatory LH Source and the Number of Mature Follicles, As Well As Synchronizing the Onset of Puberty in Female Rats.
abstract: Control of estrous cycle and reproductive capacity involves a large number of central and peripheral factors, integrating numerous nutritional and metabolic signals. Here we show that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a peptide with anorexigenic and insulinotropic actions, and the GLP-1 receptor agonist Exendin-4 (Ex4) exert a regulatory influence on the gonadal axis, in both adult and prepubertal female rats. In adult rats, Glp-1 receptor expression varies during the estrous cycle at the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary. Furthermore, acute treatment with GLP-1 in the morning proestrus doubled the amplitude of the preovulatory LH surge, as well as influencing estradiol and progesterone levels along the estrous cycle. These changes provoked an important increase in the number of Graafian follicles and corpora lutea, as well as in the litter size. Conversely, Ex4 diminished the levels of LH, later producing a partial blockade at the preovulatory surge, yet not affecting either the number of mature follicles or corpora lutea. Chronic administration of low doses of GLP-1 to prepubertal rats synchronized vaginal opening and increased LH levels on the 35th day of life, yet at these doses it did not modify their body weight, food intake, or ovarian and uterine weight. By contrast, chronic exposure to Ex4 produced a significant reduction in ovarian and uterine weight, and serum LH, and the animals treated chronically with Ex4 showed no vaginal opening in the period studied. Overall, our results demonstrate that GLP-1 and Ex4 act on the gonadal axis, involving the hypothalamic kisspeptin system, to influence reproductive efficiency in female rats.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Centre (Centro Investigaciones Biomédicas), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; and Institute for Biomedical Research of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Outeiriño-Iglesias
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Centre (Centro Investigaciones Biomédicas), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; and Institute for Biomedical Research of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romaní-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Centre (Centro Investigaciones Biomédicas), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; and Institute for Biomedical Research of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Lucas C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: González-Matías
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Centre (Centro Investigaciones Biomédicas), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; and Institute for Biomedical Research of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vigo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Centre (Centro Investigaciones Biomédicas), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; and Institute for Biomedical Research of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mallo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D030762:Estrous Cycle / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D000077270:Exenatide; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059648:Kisspeptins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000074502:Receptors, Kisspeptin-1; D012741:Sexual Maturation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014688:Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; C492247:Kiss1r protein, rat; D059648:Kisspeptins; D010455:Peptides; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D000074502:Receptors, Kisspeptin-1; D014688:Venoms; D004958:Estradiol; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D000077270:Exenatide