title: Phylogenetic and Molecular Analysis of an H7N7 Avian Influenza Virus Isolated in East Dongting Lake in 2012.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In March 2012, an H7N7 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) named A/wild goose/Dongting/PC0360/2012 (H7N7) (DT/PC0360) was recovered from a wild goose in East Dongting Lake. We performed whole-genome sequencing of the isolate, and analyzed the phylogenetic and molecular characterization.
  
  
  METHODS
  RNA was extracted from environment samples (including fecal samples from wild bird or domestic ducks, and water samples) for detecting the presence of Influenza A Virus targeting Matrix gene, using realtime RT-PCR assay. The positive samples were performed virus isolation with embryonated eggs. The subtype of the isolates were identified by RT-PCR assay with the H1-H16 and N1-N9 primer set. The whole-genome sequencing of isolates were performed. Phylogenetic and molecular characterizations of the eight genes of the isolates were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results suggested that all the eight gene segments of DT/PC0360 belonged to the Eurasian gene pool, and the HA gene were belonged to distinct sublineage with H7N9 AIV which caused outbreaks in Mainland China in 2013. The hemagglutinin cleavage site of HA of DT/PC0360 showed characterization of low pathogenic avian influenza virus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Strengthening the surveillance of AIVs of wild waterfowl and poultry in this region is vital for our knowledge of the ecology and mechanism of transmission to prevent an influenza pandemic.
authors.affiliation: Hunan East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve, Yueyang 414018, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Cui Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Jing Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Hunan East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve, Yueyang 414018, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Yun Fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410005, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Fang Cai
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Hunan East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve, Yueyang 414018, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Hunan East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve, Yueyang 414018, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410005, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410005, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Wen Chao
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410005, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Heng Jiao
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410005, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Yue Long
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Shu
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000821:virology; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005777:Geese / Q000821:virology*; D016679:Genome, Viral; D053126:Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000821:virology*; D060106:Lakes / Q000821:virology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Avian influenza viruses; East Dongting Lake wetland; H7N7 subtype; Wild geese