title: Low Work-function Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxylenethiophene): Poly(styrene sulfonate) as Electron-transport Layer for High-efficient and Stable Polymer Solar Cells.
abstract: Low-work-function poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (
  PSS) modified with polyethylenimine (PEIE) was used as an electron transport layer (ETL) for polymer solar cells (PSCs). A thin layer of PEIE film was spin-coated onto the surface on the
  PSS films, thus substantially changing their charge selectivity from supporting hole transport to supporting electron transport. It was also found that the
  PSS/PEIE ETL exhibited higher interfacial contact, a more favorable active morphology, and improved charge mobility. By virtue of these beneficial properties, inverted PSCs based on low-bandgap semiconducting photoactive layers achieved a notably improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.94%, superior even to the corresponding performance of devices with only a ZnO layer. Surpassing our expectations, compared with the extreme degradation of device stability observed when pure
  PSS is used, PEIE-modified
  PSS can considerably suppress device degradation because of the hydrophobic and alkaline nature of PEIE, which not only reduces the hygroscopicity of the
  PSS but also neutralizes the acidic
  PSS and thus prevents the corrosion of the ITO cathode. These results demonstrate the potential of PEIE-modified
  PSS for use as an efficient ETL in commercial printed electronic devices.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 1] College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China [2] Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China.
authors.forename: Lie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China.
authors.forename: Xiaotian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 1] College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China [2] Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China.
authors.forename: Yiwang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen