title: K(+) accumulation in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the salt gland cells of Limonium bicolor accompanies increased rates of salt secretion under NaCl treatment using NanoSIMS.
abstract: Recretohalophytes with specialized salt-secreting structures (salt glands) can secrete excess salts from plant, while discriminating between Na(+) and K(+). K(+)/Na(+) ratio plays an important role in plant salt tolerance, but the distribution and role of K(+) in the salt gland cells is poorly understood. In this article, the in situ subcellular localization of K and Na in the salt gland of the recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor Kuntze is described. Samples were prepared by high-pressure freezing (HPF), freeze substitution (FS) and analyzed using NanoSIMS. The salt gland of L. bicolor consists of sixteen cells. Higher signal strength of Na(+) was located in the apoplast of salt gland cells. Compared with control, 200 mM NaCl treatment led to higher signal strength of K(+) and Na(+) in both cytoplasm and nucleus of salt gland cells although K(+)/Na(+) ratio in both cytoplasm and nucleus were slightly reduced by NaCl. Moreover, the rate of Na(+) secretion per salt gland of L. bicolor treated with 200 mM NaCl was five times that of controls. These results suggest that K(+) accumulation both in the cytoplasm and nucleus of salt gland cells under salinity may play an important role in salt secretion, although the exact mechanism is unknown.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China. Electronic address: ztfeng305@126.com.
authors.forename: Zhong-Tao
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China. Electronic address: bayu18@163.com.
authors.forename: Yun-Quan
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China. Electronic address: zsc2012sdnu@163.com.
authors.forename: Shi-Chao
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China. Electronic address: qingshuiyu1223@qq.com.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China. Electronic address: yuanfang19861114@126.com.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Earth's Deep Interior, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China. Electronic address: sean_hao@mail.iggcas.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Jia-Long
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Earth's Deep Interior, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China. Electronic address: zhangjc850206@126.com.
authors.forename: Jian-Chao
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Center for Bio-Imaging, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. Electronic address: ssf@moon.ibp.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Shu-Feng
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China. Electronic address: bswang@sdnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Bao-Shan
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D007477:Ions; D036103:Nanotechnology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D029606:Plumbaginaceae / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism*; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018629:Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium
keywords: Elemental localization; Limonium bicolor; NMT; NanoSIMS; Salt gland; Ultrastructure