title: A Rare Complication of the Thyroid Malignancies: Jugular Vein Invasion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Unilateral invasion of the internal jugular vein (IJV) after subtotal thyroidectomy caused by local recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma is extremely rare. We report a case of papillary thyroid carcinoma which invades IJV with hypervascular tumor thrombus.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a case of a 52-year-old woman with a history of previous thyroid operation who presented with a 2-month history of a painless, growing, hard, solitary mass on the left side of the neck. Clinical examination revealed also ipsilateral cervical lymphadenopathy. Radiological examination showed a necrotic and cystic mass arising from the operated area extending and invading the left jugular vein wall with hypervascular tumor thrombus. Cytological examination of the mass confirmed a papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and enlarged metastatic lymph nodes. Therefore, total thyroidectomy with left neck dissection and segmental resection of the left internal jugular vein were performed, and the tumor thrombus was cleared successfully.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Invasion of IJV with hypervascular tumor thrombosis is an extremely rare condition in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Thrombosis of IJV is probably underdiagnosed. Early-stage diagnosis is important for long-term survival rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Atilla Süleyman
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Dikici
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Onur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yıldırım
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Emin
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Er
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fahrettin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kılıç
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Onur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tutar
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kantarcı
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mihmanlı
keywords: Carcinoma, Papillary; Jugular Veins; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Thyroid Neoplasms