title: Clinical Features of Obstructive Sleep Apnea That Determine Its High Prevalence in Resistant Hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Resistant hypertension (HTN) occurs in 15-20% of treated hypertensive patients, and 70-80% of resistant hypertensive patients have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The characteristics of resistant HTN that predispose patients to OSA have not been reported. Therefore, we aimed to determine the clinical, laboratory, and polysomnographic features of resistant HTN that are significantly associated with OSA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hypertensive patients (n=475) who underwent portable polysomnography were enrolled. The patients were categorized into controlled (n=410) and resistant HTN (n=65) groups. The risk factors for the occurrence of OSA in controlled and resistant hypertensive patients were compared, and independent risk factors that are associated with OSA were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 475 patients, 359 (75.6%) were diagnosed with OSA. The prevalence of OSA in resistant HTN was 87.7%, which was significantly higher than that in controlled HTN (73.7%). Age, body mass index, neck circumference, waist circumference, and hip circumference were significantly higher in OSA. However, stepwise multivariate analyses revealed that resistant HTN was not an independent risk factor of OSA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The higher prevalence and severity of OSA in resistant HTN may be due to the association of risk factors that are common to both conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yang-Je
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Hoon
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Da Hee
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ha Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji In
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeung-Gweon
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. shpark0530@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Sungha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. hyungjucho@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Hyung-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography; D015995:Prevalence; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055105:Waist Circumference
keywords: Resistant hypertension; body mass index; obesity; polysomnography; sleep apnea