title: HPLC-MS(n) Identification of Betalain Profile of Different Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris) Parts and Cultivars.
abstract: The distribution of betalains in peel, flesh, and petioles of yellow and red beetroot cultivars has been investigated using an High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system with electrospray mass spectrometry. Differences in the levels of betacyanins and betaxanthins between different colored cultivars were individually determined for 3 plant parts. The content of almost all analyzed compounds decreased in the following order: peel > flesh > petiole. Betanin/isobetanin pigments comprised a major portion of the relative peak area measured in red beetroot peel. Isobetanin relative peak areas were also high in leaf petioles (68.94% to 74.16%) of red colored cultivars. However, betacyanins were completely absent from the extracts of all analyzed parts of yellow beet. Glutamine-bx represented a very high relative peak area (59.54% to 64.18%) in flesh of red-colored cultivars analyzed in the study. Our results indicate that red beet cultivars can be utilized as a potential source of red and yellow natural colorants. However, differences in pigment composition among different beetroot parts must be considered and in order to maximize the pigment yields petioles can also be used as a source rich in specific betalain compounds.
authors.affiliation: Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Agronomy Dept, Chair for Fruit, Wine, and Vegetable Growing, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Slatnar
authors.affiliation: Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Agronomy Dept, Chair for Fruit, Wine, and Vegetable Growing, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Franci
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stampar
authors.affiliation: Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Agronomy Dept, Chair for Fruit, Wine, and Vegetable Growing, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Veberic
authors.affiliation: Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Agronomy Dept, Chair for Fruit, Wine, and Vegetable Growing, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Jerneja
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jakopic
mesh_terms: D027461:Beta vulgaris / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D050859:Betacyanins / Q000032:analysis*; D050858:Betalains / Q000032:analysis; D050860:Betaxanthins / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005505:Food Coloring Agents; D006801:Humans; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000032:analysis*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry; D018514:Plant Structures / Q000737:chemistry*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D050859:Betacyanins; D050860:Betaxanthins; D005505:Food Coloring Agents; D010860:Pigments, Biological; D050858:Betalains; C020228:betanin
keywords: HPLC-MS; beetroot cultivars; betacyanins; betaxanthins; distribution