title: Visualization and Estimation of Vibratory Disturbance in Vocal Fold Scar Using High-Speed Digital Imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the method to visualize and quantify the abnormality of vocal fold vibration in vocal fold scar (VFS) using high-speed digital imaging (HSDI).
  
  
  METHODS
  HSDI was performed on 12 patients (2 men and 10 women) with VFS and 46 vocally healthy subjects (17 men and 29 women), and the obtained data were quantitatively evaluated by frame-by-frame analysis, laryngotopography (LTG), single-line and multiline kymography, and glottal area waveform.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Visualization of a scarred area was feasible in 75% of VFS in the present study using LTG. Quantitative HSDI analysis revealed that VFS had poorer glottal closure (eg, larger open quotients, larger minimal glottal area), reduced vibration in a scarred area (eg, smaller mucosal wave magnitude, mucosal wave persistence, lateral peak index), and greater asymmetry (eg, amplitude difference, mucosal wave magnitude difference, lateral phase difference) than the control group. Correlation study revealed moderate correlations between HSDI-derived parameters and conventional acoustic or aerodynamic parameters (eg, period perturbation quotient).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HSDI is considered to be useful in the diagnosis of VFS, visualization of a scarred area, and quantification of vibratory abnormality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: drachilles23@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Akihito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Tokyo Metropolitan Police Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisayuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokonishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Disorders, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakakibara
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takaharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nito
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Tracheo-Esophagology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Niro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamasoba
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D007734:Kymography; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010699:Phonation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013997:Time Factors; D014732:Vibration; D064706:Vocal Cord Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014833:Voice Quality; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Glottal area waveform; High-speed digital imaging; Kymography; Laryngotopography; Vocal fold scar