title: Carbon-Confined SnO2-Electrodeposited Porous Carbon Nanofiber Composite as High-Capacity Sodium-Ion Battery Anode Material.
abstract: Sodium resources are inexpensive and abundant, and hence, sodium-ion batteries are promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries. However, lower energy density and poor cycling stability of current sodium-ion batteries prevent their practical implementation for future smart power grid and stationary storage applications. Tin oxides (SnO2) can be potentially used as a high-capacity anode material for future sodium-ion batteries, and they have the advantages of high sodium storage capacity, high abundance, and low toxicity. However, SnO2-based anodes still cannot be used in practical sodium-ion batteries because they experience large volume changes during repetitive charge and discharge cycles. Such large volume changes lead to severe pulverization of the active material and loss of electrical contact between the SnO2 and carbon conductor, which in turn result in rapid capacity loss during cycling. Here, we introduce a new amorphous carbon-coated SnO2-electrodeposited porous carbon nanofiber (PCNF@SnO2@C) composite that not only has high sodium storage capability, but also maintains its structural integrity while ongoing repetitive cycles. Electrochemical results revealed that this SnO2-containing nanofiber composite anode had excellent electrochemical performance including high-capacity (374 mAh g(-1)), good capacity retention (82.7%), and large Coulombic efficiency (98.9% after 100th cycle).
authors.affiliation: Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301, United States.|Nano-Science and Nano-Engineering Program, Graduate School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Istanbul Technical University , Istanbul 34469, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mahmut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dirican
authors.affiliation: Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301, United States.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301, United States.
authors.forename: Yeqian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301, United States.
authors.forename: Ozkan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.affiliation: Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301, United States.
authors.forename: Xiangwu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
keywords: SnO2; amorphous carbon; battery; capacity; porous nanofiber; sodium