title: Yauk gyar mann yin (Be a man!): masculinity and betel quid chewing among men in Mandalay, Myanmar.
abstract: Betel quid chewing is associated with various oral cancers and other health concerns, including reproductive health issues. Nevertheless, the practice is widespread in Myanmar, especially among men. This qualitative study elucidates the gendered aspects of betel quid chewing by examining how it links with masculine ideology among male betel quid chewers in Mandalay, Myanmar. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus-group discussions, key-informant interviews and participant observation. The thematic content analysis was guided by Connell's concept of hegemonic masculinity and Butler's notion of gender performativity. The findings indicated that young Mandalay men were drawn to betel quid chewing by the value they gave to satisfying their curiosity, power competition, risk-taking and a display of manliness. Thus, the practice of betel quid chewing, as defined by our participants, was perceived as manly, trendy, stylish and sexually attractive. For adult men, betel quid chewing was a social lubricant that assisted them in talking with clients and co-workers, thus enhancing their economic opportunities with other men. It also helped working-class men to work harder. Betel quid chewing harm-reduction programmes therefore need to be mindful of masculinity issues as well as the economic aspects of betel quid chewing.
authors.affiliation: a Center for Health Policy Studies , Mahidol University , Nakhon Pathom , Thailand.
authors.forename: Thida
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moe
authors.affiliation: a Center for Health Policy Studies , Mahidol University , Nakhon Pathom , Thailand.|b Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Society and Health , Mahidol University , Nakhon Pathom , Thailand.
authors.forename: Pimpawun
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boonmongkon
authors.affiliation: a Center for Health Policy Studies , Mahidol University , Nakhon Pathom , Thailand.
authors.forename: Chu Fu
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: a Center for Health Policy Studies , Mahidol University , Nakhon Pathom , Thailand.|b Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Society and Health , Mahidol University , Nakhon Pathom , Thailand.
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Guadamuz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001114:Areca / Q000009:adverse effects; D003469:Culture; D017144:Focus Groups; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D057228:Masculinity; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control; D002052:Myanmar; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012309:Risk-Taking; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Betel quid chewing; Myanmar; masculinity; men