title: Prostaglandin Eyedrops Are Associated With Decreased Thicknesses of Eyelid Dermis and Orbicularis Oculi Muscle: Ultrasonographic Findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of prostaglandin analog eyedrops on the periorbital soft tissue using high-resolution ultrasonography.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, the authors included patients with bilateral glaucoma on unilateral prostaglandin therapy for the past 12 or more contiguous months. High-resolution ultrasonography was performed bilaterally on the upper and lower eyelids of each subject to measure thicknesses of dermis, orbicularis oculi muscle, and skin to arcus marginalis distance. Comparisons were made between eyes on prostaglandin eyedrops versus those not on prostaglandin analogs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty patients (16 females, 4 males) with a mean age of 67.2 ± 6.4 years were recruited. The mean duration of prostaglandin analog therapy was 5.4 ± 3.9 years. The authors found that eyes on prostaglandin analog therapy had statistically significantly reduced thicknesses of dermis, orbicularis oculi muscle, and skin to arcus marginalis distance in the upper and lower eyelids compared with the fellow eyes (p < 0.05 for all). In univariate regression analysis, the amount of changes in thicknesses of dermis, orbicularis oculi muscle, and skin to arcus marginalis distance among eyes on prostaglandin analog therapy and the fellow eyes was not statistically significantly associated with different variables including age, gender, years of being on prostaglandin analog therapy, type of prostaglandin analog, history of glaucoma and/or cataract surgeries, intraocular pressure, and number of glaucoma medications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicate that eyes on prostaglandin analog therapy have reduced thicknesses of dermis, orbicularis oculi muscle, and skin to arcus marginalis distance compared with the fellow eyes.
authors.affiliation: *Division of Orbital and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, and †Glaucoma Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Alice S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Goh
authors.forename: Nariman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nassiri
authors.forename: Jocelyne C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kohn
authors.forename: Daniel B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Rootman
authors.forename: JoAnn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Giaconi
authors.forename: Simon K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Law
authors.forename: Anne L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caprioli
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D020405:Dermis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D005143:Eyelids / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011453:Prostaglandins