title: Recanalization therapies in acute ischemic stroke patients: impact of prior treatment with novel oral anticoagulants on bleeding complications and outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We explored the safety of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) or intra-arterial treatment (IAT) in patients with ischemic stroke on non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs, last intake <48 hours) in comparison with patients (1) taking vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) or (2) without previous anticoagulation (no-OAC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  This is a multicenter cohort pilot study. Primary outcome measures were (1) occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in 3 categories: any ICH (ICHany), symptomatic ICH according to the criteria of the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study II (ECASS-II) (sICHECASS-II) and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) thrombolysis trial (sICHNINDS); and (2) death (at 3 months). Cohorts were compared by using propensity score matching. Our NOAC cohort comprised 78 patients treated with IVT/IAT and the comparison groups of 441 VKA patients and 8938 no-OAC patients. The median time from last NOAC intake to IVT/IAT was 13 hours (interquartile range, 8-22 hours). In VKA patients, median pre-IVT/IAT international normalized ratio was 1.3 (interquartile range, 1.1-1.6). ICHany was observed in 18.4% NOAC patients versus 26.8% in VKA patients and 17.4% in no-OAC patients. sICHECASS-II and sICHNINDS occurred in 2.6%/3.9% NOAC patients, in comparison with 6.5%/9.3% of VKA patients and 5.0%/7.2% of no-OAC patients, respectively. At 3 months, 23.0% of NOAC patients in comparison with 26.9% of VKA patients and 13.9% of no-OAC patients had died. Propensity score matching revealed no statistically significant differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IVT/IAT in selected patients with ischemic stroke under NOAC treatment has a safety profile similar to both IVT/IAT in patients on subtherapeutic VKA treatment or in those without previous anticoagulation. However, further prospective studies are needed, including the impact of specific coagulation tests.
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Seiffge
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Robbert-JanVan
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hooff
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Christian H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Nolte
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Yannick
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Béjot
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Turc
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Benno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ikenberg
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Eivind
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berge
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Malte
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Persike
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Nelly
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dequatre-Ponchelle
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Strbian
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Waltraud
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pfeilschifter
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zini
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Arnstein
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tveiten
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Halvor
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Næss
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sztajzel
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luft
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gensicke
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Traenka
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hert
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Jan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Scheitz
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Gian Marco
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: De Marchis
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Leo H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Bonati
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Charidimou
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Werring
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Frederick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Palm
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reinhard
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Wolf-Dirk
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Niesen
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pezzini
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Caso
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Nederkoorn
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kägi
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: von Hessling
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Visnja
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Padjen
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cordonnier
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Hebun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Erdur
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Philippe A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lyrer
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Raf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brouns
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Turgut
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tatlisumak
authors.affiliation: From Stroke Center and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., H.G., C.T., L.H., G.M.D.M., L.H.B., N.P., P.A.L., S.T.E.); Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium (R.-J.V.H., R.B.); Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Charité, Berlin, Germany (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France (Y.B.); Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (G.T.); Department of Neurology, Frankfurt Höchst Hospital, Germany (B.I., T.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (E.B.); Department of Statistical Methods, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lille, France (N.D.-P., C.C.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, AUSL Modena, Italy (A.Z.); Department of Neurology, Sorlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Norway (A.T.); Department of Neurology and Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (H.N.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland (R.S.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (A.L.); Stroke Research Group, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (A.C., D.J.W.); Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany (F.P.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany (M.R., W.-D.N.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan (T.N.); Department of Cli
authors.forename: Stefan T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Engelter
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000145:classification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000991:Antithrombins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D065427:Factor Xa Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D000991:Antithrombins; D065427:Factor Xa Inhibitors; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D014812:Vitamin K
keywords: anticoagulants; endovascular procedures; intra-arterial treatment; intracranial hemorrhages; ischemic stroke; non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants; thrombolytic therapy; vitamin K antagonists