title: Comparison of transarterial chemoembolization with radiofrequency ablation for unresectable Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage 0/A hepatocellular carcinoma: a propensity score matching.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is recommended as one of the standard treatments for early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Because of high-risk tumor locations unfit for RFA, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is served as an alternative option in these settings. To define the role of TACE on early HCC, we retrospectively compared the efficacies of TACE with RFA in patients with unresectable Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage 0/A HCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment-naïve patients with unresectable BCLC stage 0/A HCC who underwent TACE or RFA were recruited from 2007 to 2011. In all, 208 patients who underwent TACE and 235 patients who underwent RFA were included in the final analysis. Using the propensity model to correct selection bias, 103 patients were selected from each treatment arm. Cumulative overall survival (OS) as the primary end point was compared after adjustment with propensity score matching.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all patients, the OS rate was significantly higher in patients treated with RFA than that in those who received TACE (1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates, 93.7%, 72.6%, and 58.1% vs 88.1%, 50.3%, and 30.4%, respectively; P < 0.001). However, adjustment with propensity score matching yielded comparable OS between the two groups (P = 0.207). Subgroup analysis showed that RFA provided better OS than TACE in patients with serum γ-glutamyltranspeptidase < 75 IU/L (P = 0.035). Univariate and subsequent multivariate analyses revealed that Child-Pugh class B (hazard ratio = 1.805; 95% confidence interval, 1.805-3.003; P = 0.023) and hepatitis C virus positivity (hazard ratio = 2.478; 95% confidence interval, 1.136-5.404; P = 0.023) were independent predictors of poor prognosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transarterial chemoembolization is an effective alternative treatment for unresectable BCLC stage 0/A HCC when RFA is not feasible.
authors.affiliation: Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital.
authors.forename: Rong-xin
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital.
authors.forename: Yu-hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital.
authors.forename: Ning-lin
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital.
authors.forename: Bo-heng
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital.
authors.forename: Yan-hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital.
authors.forename: Sheng-long
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Statistics and Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jian-feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital.
authors.forename: Zheng-gang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality*; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016174:Hepacivirus; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D057216:Propensity Score; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase
keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma; radiofrequency ablation; transarterial chemoembolization