title: Determinants of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in young children: a systematic review.
abstract: Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is associated with adverse health outcomes. Improved understanding of the determinants will inform effective interventions to reduce SSB consumption. A total of 46,876 papers were identified through searching eight electronic databases. Evidence from intervention (n = 13), prospective (n = 6) and cross-sectional (n = 25) studies on correlates/determinants of SSB consumption was quality assessed and synthesized. Twelve correlates/determinants were associated with higher SSB consumption (child's preference for SSBs, TV viewing/screen time and snack consumption; parents' lower socioeconomic status, lower age, SSB consumption, formula milk feeding, early introduction of solids, using food as rewards, parental-perceived barriers, attending out-of-home care and living near a fast food/convenience store). Five correlates/determinants were associated with lower SSB consumption (parental positive modelling, parents' married/co-habiting, school nutrition policy, staff skills and supermarket nearby). There was equivocal evidence for child's age and knowledge, parental knowledge, skills, rules/restrictions and home SSB availability. Eight intervention studies targeted multi-level (child, parents, childcare/preschool setting) determinants; four were effective. Four intervention studies targeted parental determinants; two were effective. One (effective) intervention targeted the preschool environment. There is consistent evidence to support potentially modifiable correlates/determinants of SSB consumption in young children acting at parental (modelling), child (TV viewing) and environmental (school policy) levels.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.|Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mazarello Paes
authors.affiliation: Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.|MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hesketh
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University Queens Campus, Stockton-On-Tees, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Malley
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University Queens Campus, Stockton-On-Tees, UK.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University Queens Campus, Stockton-On-Tees, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Summerbell
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.|MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.affiliation: MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: E M F
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: van Sluijs
authors.affiliation: MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.|MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lakshman
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009753:Nutritive Value; D010290:Parents; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012574:Schools; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D013549:Sweetening Agents
keywords: Correlates; determinants; sugar-sweetened beverage; systematic review; young children