title: Inflammation in Alzheimer's Disease and Molecular Genetics: Recent Update.
abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex age-related neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system. Since the first description of AD in 1907, many hypotheses have been established to explain its causes. The inflammation theory is one of them. Pathological and biochemical studies of brains from AD individuals have provided solid evidence of the activation of inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, people with long-term medication of anti-inflammatory drugs have shown a reduced risk to develop the disease. After three decades of genetic study in AD, dozens of loci harboring genetic variants influencing inflammatory pathways in AD patients has been identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The most well-known GWAS risk factor that is responsible for immune response and inflammation in AD development should be APOE ε4 allele. However, a growing number of other GWAS risk AD candidate genes in inflammation have recently been discovered. In the present study, we try to review the inflammation in AD and immunity-associated GWAS risk genes like HLA-DRB5/DRB1, INPP5D, MEF2C, CR1, CLU and TREM2.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Gang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Energy Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Cheung Toa
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. songy@hku.hk.|State Key Laboratory for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. songy@hku.hk.
authors.forename: You-Qiang
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008967:Molecular Biology / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics*; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C498715:TREM2 protein, human
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; GWAS; Genetics; Inflammation; TREM2