title: Caring for families experiencing stillbirth: Evidence-based guidance for maternity care providers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evidence-based guidance is needed to inform care provided to mothers and families who experience stillbirth. This paper focuses upon how meaningful and culturally appropriate care can be provided to mothers and families from when they are informed that their baby will be stillborn to many years after the experience. Avoidable suffering may be occurring in the clinical setting.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To promote and inform meaningful and culturally appropriate evidence-informed practice amongst maternity care providers caring for mothers and families who experience stillbirth.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive systematic review was conducted which primarily synthesised relevant qualitative research studies. An expert advisory group comprised of stillbirth researchers, clinicians, and parents who have experienced stillbirth provided guidance for the review and the development of implications for practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Grieving parents want staff to demonstrate sensitivity and empathy, validate their emotions, provide clear, information, and be aware that the timing of information may be distressing. Parents want support and guidance when making decisions about seeing and holding their baby. Sensitivity, respect, collaboration, and information are essential throughout the experience of stillbirth. Culturally appropriate care is important and may require staff to accommodate different cultural practices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of the review and expert consensus inform the provision of meaningful and culturally appropriate care for mothers and families that have experienced stillbirth. Evidence informed implications for practice are provided to guide the actions, communication, and behaviours of maternity care providers.
authors.affiliation: The Joanna Briggs Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia. Electronic address: micah.peters@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Micah D J
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: The Joanna Briggs Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lisy
authors.affiliation: The Joanna Briggs Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
authors.forename: Dagmara
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Riitano
authors.affiliation: The Joanna Briggs Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
authors.forename: Zoe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.affiliation: The Joanna Briggs Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aromataris
mesh_terms: D001601:Bereavement; D003657:Decision Making; D004644:Emotions; D004645:Empathy; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006117:Grief; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D011181:Postnatal Care / Q000523:psychology*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012944:Social Support; D050497:Stillbirth / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Bereavement; Foetal death; Psychosocial care; Review; Stillbirth