title: Determination of amphetamines in biological samples using electro enhanced solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography.
abstract: In this work, an ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC)/Nafion coated fiber for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was prepared and used as the working electrode for electro-enhanced SPME (EE-SPME) of amphetamines. The EE-SPME strategy is primarily based on the electro-migration and complementary charge interaction between fiber coating and ionic compounds. Compared with traditional SPME, EE-SPME exhibited excellent extraction efficiency for amphetamine (AP) and methamphetamine (MA) with an enhancement factor of 7.8 and 12.1, respectively. The present strategy exhibited good linearity for the determination of AP and MA in urine samples in the range of 10-1000ngmL(-1) and 20-1000ngmL(-1), respectively. The detection limits were found to be 1.2ngmL(-1) for AP and 4.8ngmL(-1) for MA. The relative standard deviations were calculated to be 6.2% and 8.5% for AP and MA, respectively. Moreover, the practical application of the proposed method was demonstrated by analyzing the amphetamines in urine and serum samples with satisfactory results.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of heavy oil processing and College of Science, China University of Petroleum East China, Qingdao 266555, China. Electronic address: xmuzjb@163.com.
authors.forename: Jingbin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of heavy oil processing and College of Science, China University of Petroleum East China, Qingdao 266555, China.
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of heavy oil processing and College of Science, China University of Petroleum East China, Qingdao 266555, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of heavy oil processing and College of Science, China University of Petroleum East China, Qingdao 266555, China; Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan K.P.K, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Fazle
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Subhan
authors.affiliation: Qingdao Institute of Criminal Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China.
authors.forename: Fayun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of heavy oil processing and College of Science, China University of Petroleum East China, Qingdao 266555, China.
authors.forename: Chongying
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of heavy oil processing and College of Science, China University of Petroleum East China, Qingdao 266555, China.
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of heavy oil processing and College of Science, China University of Petroleum East China, Qingdao 266555, China.
authors.forename: Bingwen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000662:Amphetamines / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D002244:Carbon; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D016014:Linear Models; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D002244:Carbon
keywords: Amphetamines; Electro-enhanced solid-phase microextraction; Gas chromatography-flame thermionic detection; Ordered mesoporous carbon/Nafion coated fiber; Urine and serum samples