title: Different protocols of treadmill exercise induce distinct neuroplastic effects in rat brain motor areas.
abstract: A variety of exercise protocols have been used to promote experimental neuroplasticity. However, the plastic brain responses generated by several aspects of training (types, frequency, regimens, duration) remain undetermined. The aim of this study was to compare the plastic changes in the glutamatergic system and synaptic proteins in motor cortex, striatum and cerebellum promoted by two different treadmill exercise regimens. The present study analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting the expression of the subunits of AMPA receptors (GluA1 and GluA2/3) and synaptic proteins (synapsin I and synaptophysin) in adult male Wistar rat brains. The animals were divided into animals subjected to two different frequencies of aerobic exercise groups and sedentary animals. The exercise groups were: intermittent treadmill exercise (ITE) - animals that exercised 3 times a week (every other day) during four weeks, and continuous treadmill exercise (CTE) - animals that exercised every day during four weeks. Our results reveal that different protocols of treadmill exercise were able to promote distinct synaptic reorganization processes among the exercised groups. In general, the intermittent exercise regimen induced a higher expression of presynaptic proteins, whereas the continuous exercise regimen increased postsynaptic GluA1 and GluA2/3 receptors.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil. Electronic address: real.fisio@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Caroline C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Real
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil; Master׳s and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 03071-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Priscila C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz R G
authors.initials: LRG
authors.lastname: Britto
authors.affiliation: Master׳s and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 03071-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raquel S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Pires
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D004525:Efferent Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000378:metabolism; D016704:Synapsins / Q000378:metabolism; D016708:Synaptophysin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018091:Receptors, AMPA; D016704:Synapsins; D016708:Synaptophysin; D003345:Corticosterone
keywords: AMPA receptor; Motor system; Physical exercise; Synaptic plasticity; Synaptic protein