title: Relationship of sarcopenia and body composition with osteoporosis.
abstract: The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia and body composition and osteoporosis in cohorts of three different races with a total of 17,891 subjects. Lean mass and grip strength were positively associated with bone mineral densities (BMDs). Subjects with sarcopenia were two times more likely to have osteoporosis compared with normal subjects.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The relationship between sarcopenia and osteoporosis is not totally clear. First, the present study assessed this relationship by using two different definitions for sarcopenia. Second, we examined the associations of body composition (including muscle mass as a major and important component) and muscle strength on regional and whole-body BMDs.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 17,891 subjects of African American, Caucasian, and Chinese ethnicities were analyzed. Sarcopenia was defined by relative appendicular skeletal muscle mass (RASM) cut points and also by the definition of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (low RASM plus low muscle function). Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of fat mass, lean mass (including muscle mass), and grip strength with regional and whole-body BMDs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the association between sarcopenia and osteopenia/osteoporosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BMDs were positively associated with lean mass and negatively associated with fat mass, after controlling for potential confounders. Grip strength was significantly associated with higher BMDs. Each standard deviation (SD) increase in RASM resulted in a ~37 % reduction in risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis (odds ratio (OR) = 0.63; 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.59, 0.66). Subjects with sarcopenia defined by RASM were two times more likely to have osteopenia/osteoporosis compared with the normal subjects (OR = 2.04; 95 % CI = 1.61, 2.60). Similarly, subjects with sarcopenia (low muscle mass and low grip strength) were ~1.8 times more likely to have osteopenia/osteoporosis than normal subjects (OR = 1.87; 95 % CI = 1.09, 3.20).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High lean mass and muscle strength were positively associated with BMDs. Sarcopenia is associated with low BMD and osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.|Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St., Suite 2001, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.|Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St., Suite 2001, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.|Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St., Suite 2001, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Papasian
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA. hdeng2@tulane.edu.|Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St., Suite 2001, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. hdeng2@tulane.edu.
authors.forename: H-W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D001213:Asian / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000150:complications* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Body composition; Muscle strength; Osteoporosis; Relative appendicular skeletal muscle mass; Sarcopenia