title: Imposed Cold-water Ingestion during Open Water Swimming in Internationally Ranked Swimmers.
abstract: The authors explored the effects of open water swimming in a tropical environment on both core temperature (T c) and thermal perceptions of high-level swimmers during an official international 10-km race and two 5-km swimming tests. The swimmers drank neutral water (i. e., 28.0±3.0°C) ad libitum every 2,000 m during Competition, whereas the ingested volume was imposed in the 5-km tests: every 1,000 m, they drank 190 mL of cold water (CW, 1.1±0.7°C) or neutral water (NW, 28.0±3.0°C). They also self-rated their thermal comfort and sensation (TC and TS), and their T c was recorded. The study demonstrated that adequate fluid intake significantly decreased T c in swimmers swimming at race pace in hot water (i. e., 37.5±0.3°C vs. 38.3±0.4°C, in NW vs. Competition, respectively). This effect was more pronounced with cold water (i. e., 36.7±1.1°C, in CW). No significant changes were noted in mean heart rate (i. e., 145±5, 143±4 and 141±5 bpm for NW, CW and Competition, respectively). Further studies are needed to explore the effect of this cooling method on the performances of international swimmers during tropical swimming events.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire ACTES, UPRES-EA 3596, UFR-STAPS, Pointe à Pitre, France.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hue
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire ACTES, UPRES-EA 3596, UFR-STAPS, Pointe à Pitre, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Monjo
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire ACTES, UPRES-EA 3596, UFR-STAPS, Pointe à Pitre, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Riera
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003163:Competitive Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D004326:Drinking; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013546:Sweating; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D013697:Thermosensing / Q000502:physiology; D014329:Tropical Climate; D055815:Young Adult