title: Clinical significance of dual-time-point 18F-FDG PET imaging in resectable non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of pulmonary lesions on dual-time-point (DTP) fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) has been shown to be useful for differentiation between malignant and non-malignant pulmonary lesions, and also to be of value for intrathoracic nodal staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, a few NSCLC lesions have been found to show decreased FDG uptake on delayed images, and the significance of this finding remains unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective review of the data of 284 patients with NSCLC who underwent DTP FDG-PET before surgery. Cases of adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma were excluded, because these lesions show little FDG uptake. Each patient was scanned at 60 min (early acquisition; SUV-E) and 115 min (delayed acquisition; SUV-D) after the radiopharmaceutical injection. The intratumoral retention index (RI) of 18F-FDG was measured for each examination by the DTP method. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was determined by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared in relation to the SUV-E, SUV-D, and RI by univariate and multivariate analysis using models including the clinico-pathological prognostic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 284 cases, the RI ≤ 0 was in 49 cases (17.3%). This group of patients showed lower values of SUV-E and SUV-D, a smaller tumor size, and a lower rate of lymphatic invasion or vascular invasion. It was particularly noteworthy that lymph node metastasis was not histopathologically confirmed in any of these patients. Univariate analysis identified the RI, SUV-E and SUV-D, besides age, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and tumor differentiation grade as predictors of the RFS. On the other hand, multivariate analysis identified the RI and lymph node metastasis, but not the SUV-E and SUV-D, as independent predictors of the RFS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that DTP FDG-PET of the primary tumor in NSCLC can be useful to predict the RFS of the patients. In addition, this method may also be useful to predict the presence/absence of intrathoracic lymph node metastasis in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan. kshimizu@med.kawasaki-m.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
authors.forename: Riki
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Okita
authors.affiliation: Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saisho
authors.affiliation: Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yukawa
authors.affiliation: Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
authors.forename: Ai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.affiliation: Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nojima
authors.affiliation: Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakata
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
keywords: Dual-time-point imaging 18F-FDG PET; Lymph node metastasis; Non-small cell lung cancer; Retention index