title: Interstitial Outburst of Angiogenic Factors During Skeletal Muscle Regeneration After Acute Mechanical Trauma.
abstract: Angiogenesis is a key event during tissue regeneration, but the intimate mechanisms controlling this process are still largely unclear. Therefore, the cellular and molecular interplay along normal tissue regeneration should be carefully unveiled. To this matter, we investigated by xMAP assay the dynamics of some angiogenic factors known to be involved in tissue repair, such as follistatin (FST), Placental Growth Factor-2 (PLGF-2), epidermal growth factor (EGF), betacellulin (BTC), and amphiregulin (AREG) using an animal model that mimics acute muscle contusion injuries. In situ immunofluorescence was used for the evaluation and tissue distribution of their cellular sources. Tissue levels of explored factors increased significantly during degeneration and inflammatory stage of regeneration, peaking first week postinjury. However, except for PLGF-2 and EGF, their levels remained significantly elevated after the inflammatory process started to fade. Serum levels were significantly increased only after 24 h for AREG and EGF. Though, for all factors except FST, the levels in injured samples did not correlate with serum or contralateral tissue levels, excluding the systemic influence. We found significant correlations between the levels of EGF and AREG, BTC, FST and FST and AREG in injured samples. Interstitial cells expressing these factors were highlighted by in situ immunolabeling and their number correlated with measured levels dynamics. Our study provides evidence of a dynamic level variation along the regeneration process and a potential interplay between selected angiogenic factors. They are synthesized, at least partially, by cell populations residing in skeletal muscle interstitium during regeneration after acute muscle trauma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.|Department of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, "Victor Babes" Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Laura Cristina
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Ceafalan
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, "Victor Babes" Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Manole
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry/Proteomics Department, "Victor Babes" Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Cristiana Pistol
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Tanase
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry/Proteomics Department, "Victor Babes" Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Codrici
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry/Proteomics Department, "Victor Babes" Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mihai
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Aldebarani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, "Victor Babes" Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.|Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital-Colentina Research Center, School of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Bogdan Ovidiu
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Popescu
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology* / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents
keywords: EGF; amphiregulin; angiogenic factors; betacellulin; follistatin; interstitial cells; placental growth factor-2; skeletal muscle regeneration