title: Right and left vagus nerves regulate breathing by multiplicative interaction.
abstract: Although it has been recognized for more than a century, we still do not know how the two vagus nerves interact to produce Hering-Breuer reflex. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that the vagus nerves interact via a multiplicative effect. We examined the Hering-Breuer reflex before and after unilateral (first) and then bilateral (second) vagotomies in the mouse. The lung is mostly innervated homolaterally. Since the right and left lung formed 68.2 and 31.8% of total lung weight, if the interaction is mediated by an additive mechanism, unilateral vagotomy would remove the reflex effects by 68.2 and 31.8%, respectively. Instead, unilateral vagotomy removed 85.4 ± 6.0% (>68.2%) or 52.8 ± 3.7% (>31.8%) of the reflex effects on respiratory rate (n=9, P<0.05); and removed 79.1 ± 4.5% (>68.2%) or 59.3 ± 9.1% (>31.8%) of the effect on expiratory pause induced by lung inflation (n=12, P<0.05). Since the first vagotomy removes more reflex effect than the second vagotomy, we conclude that the two vagus nerves exert their Hering-Breuer reflex effects by a multiplicative effect.
authors.affiliation: Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Disorders, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Nana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Disorders, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Proctor
authors.affiliation: Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Disorders, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA. Electronic address: j0yu0001@louisville.edu.
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology; D012119:Respiration; D014628:Vagotomy; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Hering–Breuer reflex; Respiration; Vagotomy; Vagus nerve