title: Differences in the Toxicological Potential of 2D versus Aggregated Molybdenum Disulfide in the Lung.
abstract: 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ) has distinct optical and electronic properties compared to aggregated MoS2 , enabling wide use of these materials for electronic and biomedical applications. However, the hazard potential of MoS2 has not been studied extensively. Here, a comprehensive analysis of the pulmonary hazard potential of three aqueous suspended forms of MoS2 -aggregated MoS2 (Agg-MoS2 ), MoS2 exfoliated by lithiation (Lit-MoS2 ), and MoS2 dispersed by Pluronic F87 (PF87-MoS2 )-is presented. No cytotoxicity is detected in THP-1 and BEAS-2B cell lines. However, Agg-MoS2 induces strong proinflammatory and profibrogenic responses in vitro. In contrast, Lit- and PF87-MoS2 have little or no effect. In an acute toxicity study in mice, Agg-MoS2 induces acute lung inflammation, while Lit-MoS2 and PF87-MoS2 have little or no effect. In a subchronic study, there is no evidence of pulmonary fibrosis in response to all forms of MoS2 . These data suggest that exfoliation attenuates the toxicity of Agg-MoS2 , which is an important consideration toward the safety evaluation and use of nanoscale MoS2 materials for industrial and biological applications.
authors.affiliation: Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.|California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
authors.forename: Nikhita D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Mansukhani
authors.affiliation: Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
authors.forename: Linda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Guiney
authors.affiliation: California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Zhaoxia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Chong Hyun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Meiying
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Yu-Pei
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Tze-Bin
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Bingbing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Ruibin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.|California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hersam
authors.affiliation: Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.|California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
authors.forename: André E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Nel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D004220:Disulfides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008982:Molybdenum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004220:Disulfides; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008982:Molybdenum; C082964:molybdenum disulfide
keywords: cytotoxicity; hazard assessment; molybdenum disulfide; pulmonary toxicity