title: SINEUPs: A new class of natural and synthetic antisense long non-coding RNAs that activate translation.
abstract: Over the past 10 years, it has emerged that pervasive transcription in mammalian genomes has a tremendous impact on several biological functions. Most of transcribed RNAs are lncRNAs and repetitive elements. In this review, we will detail the discovery of a new functional class of natural and synthetic antisense lncRNAs that stimulate translation of sense mRNAs. These molecules have been named SINEUPs since their function requires the activity of an embedded inverted SINEB2 sequence to UP-regulate translation. Natural SINEUPs suggest that embedded Transposable Elements may represent functional domains in long non-coding RNAs. Synthetic SINEUPs may be designed by targeting the antisense sequence to the mRNA of choice representing the first scalable tool to increase protein synthesis of potentially any gene of interest. We will discuss potential applications of SINEUP technology in the field of molecular biology experiments, in protein manufacturing as well as in therapy of haploinsufficiencies.
authors.affiliation: a Area of Neuroscience ; SISSA ; Trieste , Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zucchelli
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cotella
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carrieri
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cimatti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fasolo
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sblattero
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sanges
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Persichetti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carninci
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gustincich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D016372:RNA, Antisense / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016372:RNA, Antisense; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: RNA therapeutics; SINEUP; antisense transcript; embedded repetitive elements; long non-coding RNA; protein production; translation