title: Effective carbon and nutrient treatment solutions for mixed domestic-industrial wastewater in India.
abstract: The present study evaluates effectiveness of up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor followed by two post-anaerobic treatment options, namely free-surface, up-flow constructed wetland (FUP-CW) and oxygen-limited anaerobic nitrification/denitrification (OLAND) processes in treating sewage from the peri-urban areas in India receiving illegal industrial infiltrations. The UASB studies yielded robust results towards fluctuating strength of sewage and consistently removed 87-98% chemical oxygen demand (COD) at a hydraulic retention time of 1.5-2 d. The FUP-CW removed 68.5±13% COD, 68±3% NH4+-N, 38±5% PO4(3-)-P, 97.6±5% suspended particles and 97±13% fecal coliforms. Nutrient removal was found to be limiting in FUP-CW, especially in winter. Nitrogen removal in the OLAND process were 100 times higher than the FUP-CW process. Results show that UASB followed by FUP-CW can be an excellent, decentralized sewage treatment option, except during winter when nutrient removal is limited in FUP-CW. Hence, the study proposes bio-augmentation of FUP-CW with OLAND biomass for overall improvement in the performance of UASB followed by FUP-CW process.
authors.affiliation: Wastewater Technology Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440 020, India E-mail: ra_biswas@neeri.res.in.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.affiliation: Wastewater Technology Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440 020, India E-mail: ra_biswas@neeri.res.in.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Badhe
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seuntjens
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Vlaeminck
authors.affiliation: Wastewater Technology Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440 020, India E-mail: ra_biswas@neeri.res.in.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.affiliation: Wastewater Technology Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440 020, India E-mail: ra_biswas@neeri.res.in.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nandy
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D019149:Bioreactors; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D058440:Denitrification; D007194:India; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D058465:Nitrification; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D012722:Sewage; D002244:Carbon