title: Proof-of-principle demonstration of a virtual flow meter-based transducer for gaseous helium monitoring in particle accelerator cryogenics.
abstract: A transducer based on a virtual flow meter is proposed for monitoring helium distribution and consumption in cryogenic systems for particle accelerators. The virtual flow meter allows technical and economical constraints, preventing installation of physical instruments in all the needed measurement points, to be overcome. Virtual flow meter performance for the alternative models of Samson [ http://www.samson.de (2015)] and Sereg-Schlumberger [ http://www.slb.com/ (2015)] is compared with the standard IEC 60534-2-1 [Industrial-process control valves-Part 2-1: Flow capacity-sizing equations for fluid flow under installed conditions (2011), https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/2461], for a large temperature range, for both gaseous and liquid helium phases, and for different pressure drops. Then, the calibration function of the transducer is derived. Finally, the experimental validation for the helium gaseous state on the test station for superconducting magnets in the laboratory SM18 [Pirotte et al., AIP Conf. Proc. 1573, 187 (2014)] at CERN is reported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arpaia
authors.affiliation: Technology Department, European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.affiliation: Technology Department, European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Girone
authors.affiliation: Technology Department, European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Inglese
authors.affiliation: Technology Department, European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pezzetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Piccinelli
authors.affiliation: Technology Department, European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Serio