title: The Pattern of Fatty Acids Displaced by EPA and DHA Following 12 Months Supplementation Varies between Blood Cell and Plasma Fractions.
abstract: Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are increased in plasma lipids and blood cell membranes in response to supplementation. Whilst arachidonic acid (AA) is correspondingly decreased, the effect on other fatty acids (FA) is less well described and there may be site-specific differences. In response to 12 months EPA + DHA supplementation in doses equivalent to 0-4 portions of oily fish/week (1 portion: 3.27 g EPA+DHA) multinomial regression analysis was used to identify important FA changes for plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC), cholesteryl ester (CE) and triglyceride (TAG) and for blood mononuclear cells (MNC), red blood cells (RBC) and platelets (PLAT). Dose-dependent increases in EPA + DHA were matched by decreases in several n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in PC, CE, RBC and PLAT, but were predominantly compensated for by oleic acid in TAG. Changes were observed for all FA classes in MNC. Consequently the n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio was reduced in a dose-dependent manner in all pools after 12 months (37%-64% of placebo in the four portions group). We conclude that the profile of the FA decreased in exchange for the increase in EPA + DHA following supplementation differs by FA pool with implications for understanding the impact of n-3 PUFA on blood lipid and blood cell biology.
authors.affiliation: MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK. celia.walker@mrc-hnr.cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Celia G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK. A.West@soton.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Annette L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: West
authors.affiliation: MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK. lmbrowning@btinternet.com.
authors.forename: Lucy M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Browning
authors.affiliation: Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK. jm24@soton.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Jackie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Madden
authors.affiliation: MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK. j.m.gambell@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Joanna M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gambell
authors.affiliation: MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK. susan.jebb@phc.ox.ac.uk.|Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK. susan.jebb@phc.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jebb
authors.affiliation: Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK. pcc@soton.ac.uk.|NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK. pcc@soton.ac.uk.|Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. pcc@soton.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Philip C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Calder
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000097:blood; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism; D002788:Cholesterol Esters / Q000097:blood; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood; D010949:Plasma / Q000378:metabolism*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002788:Cholesterol Esters; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D010743:Phospholipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D019301:Oleic Acid; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid
keywords: EPA and DHA supplementation; blood cell fatty acids; fatty acid displacement; n-3 fatty acid; n-6 fatty acid; plasma fatty acid fractions