title: Primary refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma in the rituximab era.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this review is to describe the outcome of primary refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma in the rituximab era and the different therapeutic options as well as new biological markers that could allow the pathologist to distinguish these cases at diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diffuse large B cell lymphoma outcome has been impressively improved since the introduction of rituximab in association with anthracycline-based chemotherapy; however, primary refractory patients still represent an unmet medical need.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If patients without relapse after 2 years from diagnosis have an outcome comparable to healthy individuals, primary refractory patients still represent 20% of the cases with a very poor overall survival. These cases are usually described as progressive patients during first line or patients reaching a nonadequate partial response or those relapsing within a year after reaching a response.
authors.affiliation: Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Hématologie, Pierre Bénite, France.
authors.forename: Clémentine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sarkozy
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Coiffier
mesh_terms: D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D019940:Genes, bcl-1 / Q000187:drug effects; D019254:Genes, bcl-2 / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D016403:Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011379:Prognosis; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000097:blood*; D000069283:Rituximab / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016879:Salvage Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C489427:MYC protein, human; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D000069283:Rituximab