title: Elevated serum ghrelin, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in congenital heart disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the association of congenital heart disease (CHD) with serum ghrelin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three children with CHD, hospitalized between January 2012 and September 2014 at Wuhan Women and Children's Health Care Center, were selected as the study group. Additionally, 28 healthy individuals who had physical examinations at this hospital were selected as the control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure serum ghrelin, TNF-α and IL-6. SPSS 18.0 and Comprehensive Meta-analysis 2.0 were used for data analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was significant difference in weight, height and body mass index (BMI; all P < 0.05) but not in age or sex (both P > 0.05) between the cyanotic CHD (CCHD), acyanotic CHD (ACHD) and control groups. On one-way analysis of variance serum ghrelin, TNF-α and IL-6 in both the CCHD and ACHD groups had a tendency to be higher compared with the control group (all P < 0.05), whereas, on Pearson correlation analysis, there was a correlation between serum ghrelin and BMI (all P < 0.05), and TNF-α was negatively, and IL-6 positively, correlated with BMI (all P < 0.05). Meta-analysis further demonstrated that serum ghrelin, TNF-α and IL-6 in both the CCHD and ACHD groups were higher than in the control group (all P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum ghrelin, TNF-α and IL-6 are elevated in children with CHD, and may play a role in the development and progression of CHD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wuhan Women and Children's Health Care Center, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Dandan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Wuhan Women and Children's Health Care Center, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wuhan Women and Children's Health Care Center, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Ruigeng
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wuhan Women and Children's Health Care Center, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Dongming
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wuhan Women and Children's Health Care Center, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wuhan Women and Children's Health Care Center, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Outpatient Department of Pediatrics, No.1 Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Sai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Outpatient Department of Pediatrics, No.1 Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Liqun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018450:Disease Progression; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D054439:Ghrelin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: acyanotic congenital heart disease; congenital heart disease; cyanotic congenital heart disease; ghrelin; interleukin-6; tumor necrosis factor-α