title: Folic Acid Fortification and Women's Folate Levels in Selected Communities in Brazil - A First Look.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several countries have implemented mandatory folic acid fortification of wheat flour and selected grain products to increase the folate intake of reproductive-aged women. Brazil implemented a folic acid fortification program in 2004. No previous studies have examined folate differences among Brazilian women following the mandate.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We evaluate differences in serum and red blood cell (RBC) folate concentrations between two samples of women of childbearing age from selective communities in Brazil, one tested before (N = 116) and the other after the mandate (N = 240).
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the baseline folate levels of women enrolled in a prevention study shortly before the fortification mandate was implemented, to baseline levels of women from the same communities enrolled in the same study shortly after fortification began. The participants were women enrolled in a folate supplementation clinical trial, at a hospital specializing in treating craniofacial anomalies in the city of Bauru from January 29, 2004 to April 27, 2005. We only compared baseline folate levels before the women received oral cleft prevention program (OCPP) folic acid supplements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women enrolled after the fortification mandate had higher means of serum folate (20.3 versus 11.2 nmol/L; p < 0.001) and RBC folate (368.3 versus 177.6 nmol/L; p < 0.001) than women enrolled before the mandate. Differences in folate levels between the two groups remained after adjusting for several co-variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that serum and RBC folate levels among women of childbearing age increased after implementing the folic acid fortification mandate in Brazil.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Hrishikesh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.forename: Kwame A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Nyarko
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goco
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Danilo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moretti-Ferreira
authors.forename: Jeffrey C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: George L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Wehby
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005492:Folic Acid
keywords: Brazil; congenital anomalies; folate; folic acid; neural tube defects