title: Naegleria fowleri: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment options.
abstract: Naegleria fowleri has generated tremendous media attention over the last 5 years due to several high-profile cases. Several of these cases were followed very closely by the general public. N. fowleri is a eukaryotic, free-living amoeba belonging to the phylum Percolozoa. Naegleria amoebae are ubiquitous in the environment, being found in soil and bodies of freshwater, and feed on bacteria found in those locations. While N. fowleri infection appears to be quite rare compared to other diseases, the clinical manifestations of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis are devastating and nearly always fatal. Due to the rarity of N. fowleri infections in humans, there are no clinical trials to date that assess the efficacy of one treatment regimen over another. Most of the information regarding medication efficacy is based on either case reports or in vitro studies. This review will discuss the pathogenesis, diagnosis, pharmacotherapy, and prevention of N. fowleri infections in humans, including a brief review of all survivor cases in North America.
authors.affiliation: Presbyterian College School of Pharmacy, Clinton, South Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Eddie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grace
authors.affiliation: Presbyterian College School of Pharmacy, Clinton, South Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asbill
authors.affiliation: Presbyterian College School of Pharmacy, Clinton, South Carolina, USA KGVirga@presby.edu.
authors.forename: Kris
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Virga
mesh_terms: D000562:Amebiasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020808:Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D016848:Naegleria fowleri / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D009656:North America
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents