title: [Hyperuricemia in systemic lupus erythematosus: is it associated with the neuropsychiatric manifestations of the disease?]
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the association between hyperuricemia and different neuropsychiatric manifestations and stroke risk factors in systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted on 204 SLE patients who were admitted to a tertiary referral center. A standardized questionnaire was completed for all the participants and the medical records were reviewed regarding the occurrence of arterial or venous thrombotic events, stroke, seizure, depression, headache, psychosis, and peripheral neuropathy. In addition blood samples were drawn to obtain serum uric acid, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and total cholesterol levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hyperuricemia (serum uric acid ≥ 6mg/dl for women and ≥ 7mg/dl for men) was detected in 16.1% of SLE patients and was significantly associated with the occurrence of stroke (OR, 2.38; 95%CI, 1.2-7.24), and peripheral neuropathy (OR, 3.49; 95% CI, 1.52-12.23), independent of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Hyperuricemia was also significantly associated with hypertension (OR, 7.76; 95% CI, 2.72-15.76), hyperlipidemia (OR, 5.05; 95% CI, 1.59-11.32), and history of arterial thrombosis (OR, 4.95; 95% CI, 1.98-15.34), independent of age and body mass index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperuricemia in SLE patients is independently associated with the occurrence of stroke and peripheral neuropathy. It is also independently associated with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and history of arterial thrombosis, which are the major stroke and myocardial infarction risk factors in SLE patients.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisa de Reumatologia, Universidade de Ciências Médicas de Teerã, Teerã, Irã
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sheikh
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisa de Reumatologia, Universidade de Ciências Médicas de Teerã, Teerã, Irã. Electronic address: dr.s.movassaghi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shafieh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Movassaghi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neurologia, Hospital Imam-Khomeini, Universidade de Ciências Médicas de Teerã, Teerã, Irã
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khaledi
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisa de Reumatologia, Universidade de Ciências Médicas de Teerã, Teerã, Irã
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moghaddassi
keywords: Acidente vascular encefálico; Lúpus eritematoso sistêmico; Neurologia; Neurology; Neuropathy; Neuropatia; Stroke; Systematic lupus erythematosus; Uric acid; Ácido úrico