title: Bone-Conditioned Medium Changes Gene Expression in Bone-Derived Fibroblasts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Autologous bone is used for augmentation in the course of oral implant placement. Bone grafts release paracrine signals that can modulate mesenchymal cell differentiation in vitro. The detailed genetic response of the bone-derived fibroblasts to these paracrine signals has remained elusive. Paracrine signals accumulate in bone-conditioned medium (BCM) prepared from porcine cortical bone chips.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, bone-derived fibroblasts were exposed to BCM followed by a whole genome expression profiling and downstream quantitative reverse transciptase polymerase chain reaction of the most strongly regulated genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data show that ADM, IL11, IL33, NOX4, PRG4, and PTX3 were differentially expressed in response to BCM in bone-derived fibroblasts. The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) receptor 1 antagonist SB431542 blocked the effect of BCM on the expression of the gene panel, except for IL33.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These in vitro results extend existing evidence that cortical bone chips release paracrine signals that provoke a robust genetic response in mesenchymal cells that is not exclusively mediated via the TGF-β receptor. The present data provide further insights into the process of graft consolidation.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caballé-Serrano
authors.forename: Dieter D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Bosshardt
authors.forename: Hendrik J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Ankersmit
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Buser
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gruber
mesh_terms: D053607:Adrenomedullin / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D004149:Dioxoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017370:Interleukin-11 / Q000032:analysis; D000067596:Interleukin-33 / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D019899:Paracrine Communication / Q000187:drug effects; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D013552:Swine; D000099153:Pentraxins
chemical_list: D053607:Adrenomedullin; D001549:Benzamides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004149:Dioxoles; D006133:Growth Substances; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D017370:Interleukin-11; D000067596:Interleukin-33; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011509:Proteoglycans; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component; D000099153:Pentraxins; C459179:4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide