title: Computed tomographic pulmonary changes in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether patients with a diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) show characteristic pulmonary changes on chest CT compared with a control group without sinusopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective, observational study included patients with and without a diagnosis of CRS who underwent CT examination of the lungs between 2012 and 2014. Two radiologists, who were blinded for the presence of CRS, reviewed the scans for the presence of any abnormalities consensually. The χ(2) test was used for correlative analysis, with a significance level of 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 123 CT series (51.2% from male patients, mean age 41 ± 16 years) were reviewed, including those from 59 (48%) patients with a diagnosis of CRS. Patients with CRS were more likely than the control group to exhibit atelectasis, bronchiolectasis, centrilobular nodules and ground-glass opacities (all p < 0.05), with a significant predilection for middle lobe and lingular involvement observed (p < 0.001). Other abnormalities, such as bronchial wall thickening and air trapping, did not differ between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Atelectatic changes, ground-glass opacities, bronchiolectasis and centrilobular nodules are the most frequent abnormalities associated with CRS, with peculiar middle lobe and lingular involvement observed on chest CT examinations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CRS is a frequent disorder that displays typical pulmonary changes at CT. The recognition of such findings can prevent patients with this condition from undergoing unnecessary investigations that might be based on the presence of the aforementioned radiological features.
authors.affiliation: 1 Post-graduation Program in Medicine (Radiology), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hochhegger
authors.affiliation: 1 Post-graduation Program in Medicine (Radiology), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giordano R T
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: 2 Radiology Department, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Klaus L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Irion
authors.affiliation: 3 Medical Imaging Research Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Watte
authors.affiliation: 3 Medical Imaging Research Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Betina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Scheeren
authors.affiliation: 4 Division of Radiology, Hospital da Cidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Robson
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rottenfuser
authors.affiliation: 1 Post-graduation Program in Medicine (Radiology), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marchiori
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed