title: Rates of vascular access use in transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A look into the next generation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As smaller TAVR delivery systems emerge we sought to identify differences in vascular access use.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed all patients who had undergone TAVR in a single-center from March 2012 to May 2014. We identified all patients who had undergone nonfemoral TAVR and reviewed their femoral dimensions using CT imaging taking into vascular pathology and minimal lumen diameter (MLD). We then identified those patients in whom a smaller delivery system could have been used if such technology was available at that time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total 208 consecutive TAVRs were performed, 129 cases using femoral arterial access and 75 cases using non-femoral access; 28 transapical, 27 transcaval, 12 transaortic, and 8 via an antegrade transseptal venous approach. Of the 75 nonfemoral access cases, 63 were completed using commercially available first-generation valves (Sapien Valve) and 12 using second-generation valves under research protocols (Sapien XT Valve). Of the 63 cases performed via a non-femoral route using a first generation valve, 31 cases could have been approached via a transfemoral (TF) route using second-generation delivery systems; and 48 cases could have been approached via a TF route using third generation delivery systems (S3 Valve). Of the 12 cases performed via a nonfemoral route using a second-generation valve, 4 cases could have been approached via a TF route using a third-generation delivery system. In total, only 11% of patients undergoing TAVR could not accommodate smaller second and third generation devices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As second and third generation devices become commercially available, we anticipate that 89% of cases will be preformed using a TF approach.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University, 2799 W. Grand Blvd - K14, Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: Mir Babar
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Basir
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University, 2799 W. Grand Blvd - K14, Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Velez
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University, 2799 W. Grand Blvd - K14, Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: Brittany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University, 2799 W. Grand Blvd - K14, Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wyman
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University, 2799 W. Grand Blvd - K14, Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paone
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University, 2799 W. Grand Blvd - K14, Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: Dee Dee
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University, 2799 W. Grand Blvd - K14, Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: Mayra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guerrero
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University, 2799 W. Grand Blvd - K14, Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Greenbaum
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University, 2799 W. Grand Blvd - K14, Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: O'Neill
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001021:Aortic Valve; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000072226:Computed Tomography Angiography; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D062666:Vascular Access Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: AVDP; COMV; TVI; aortic valve disease; complications; percutaneous intervention; transcatheter valve implantation; vascular access