title: Size and site dependent biological hazard potential of particulate matters collected from different heights at the vicinity of a building construction.
abstract: Although building constructions are a recurring part of urbanization, the health risk of particulate matters (PM) originating from such activities have seldom been subjected to detailed studies. We sought to characterize the relative risk of air borne PM collected from different heights (ground and top floor) of a building adjacent to a building under early phase of construction. We determined the physico-chemical properties such as size and shape, elemental composition and surface charge of the PM. The oxidative stress dependent cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory responses were assessed in BEAS-2B and RAW 264.7 cell lines using high-content-screening platforms. In comparison to top floor, the total mass of PM collected from ground floor was two-three folds higher and the mass fraction was dominated by PM20-35. Elemental analysis showed abundance of Si, Al, K, Ca and Fe in bigger PM while for PM0.25-0.5 it was mostly constituted by C and crystals rich in S and K. PM caused NFκB activation, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cytotoxicity wherein PM0.25-0.5 was the most potent among the tested PM. Estimated exposure level and lung burden together with the data on hazard potential were used for developing a MATLAB based risk-assessment model which suggested that the potential for health risk is relatively higher at the ground floor. Our studies demonstrated differences in, relative abundance of PM, their physicochemical and biological properties collected from different heights adjacent to a construction site and showed that relative health risk is higher at the ground floor.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sustainable Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, 569830, Singapore.
authors.forename: Huaqiong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sustainable Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, 569830, Singapore.
authors.forename: Crystal Hay Yu
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
authors.forename: Wenxiong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sustainable Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, 569830, Singapore.
authors.forename: Subramaniam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gurusamy
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
authors.forename: Shuzhou
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 169857, Singapore.
authors.forename: Manoj N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sustainable Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, 569830, Singapore. Electronic address: saji_george@nyp.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Saji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: George
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D016207:Cytokines; D016328:NF-kappa B; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: BEAS-2B; Building-construction; Cytotoxicity; High-content-screening; MATLAB modeling; Particulate matter; RAW 264.7; Risk assessment