title: Requirement of the FATC domain of protein kinase Tel1 for localization to DNA ends and target protein recognition.
abstract: Two large phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related protein kinases (PIKKs), ATM and ATR, play a central role in the DNA damage response pathway. PIKKs contain a highly conserved extreme C-terminus called the FRAP-ATM-TRRAP-C-terminal (FATC) domain. In budding yeast, ATM and ATR correspond to Tel1 and Mec1, respectively. In this study, we characterized functions of the FATC domain of Tel1 by introducing substitution or truncation mutations. One substitution mutation, termed tel1-21, and a truncation mutation, called tel1-ΔC, did not significantly affect the expression level. The tel1-21 mutation impaired the cellular response to DNA damage and conferred moderate telomere maintenance defect. In contrast, the tel1-ΔC mutation behaved like a null mutation, conferring defects in both DNA damage response and telomere maintenance. Tel1-21 protein localized to DNA ends as effectively as wild-type Tel1 protein, whereas Tel1-ΔC protein failed. Introduction of a hyperactive TEL1-hy mutation suppressed the tel1-21 mutation but not the tel1-ΔC mutation. In vitro analyses revealed that both Tel1-21 and Tel1-ΔC proteins undergo efficient autophosphorylation but exhibit decreased kinase activities toward the exogenous substrate protein, Rad53. Our results show that the FATC domain of Tel1 mediates localization to DNA ends and contributes to phosphorylation of target proteins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, International Center for Public Health, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103.
authors.forename: Hiroo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogi
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, International Center for Public Health, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103.
authors.forename: Greicy H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, International Center for Public Health, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103.
authors.forename: Avik
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, International Center for Public Health, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103.
authors.forename: Sevil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zencir
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, International Center for Public Health, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103.
authors.forename: Everett
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, International Center for Public Health, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103 nori.sugimoto@rutgers.edu).
authors.forename: Katsunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000235:genetics; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016615:Telomere / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C088937:MEC1 protein, S cerevisiae; C513623:TEL1 protein, S cerevisiae; C067022:RAD53 protein, S cerevisiae