title: Efficacy of neuromuscular electrostimulation intervention to improve physical function in haemodialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Haemodialysis (HD) patients are characterised by muscle wasting, decreased physical function and poor quality of life. The objective was to analyse the effect of an intradialysis NMES training programme in muscular strength, functional capacity and quality of life in our HD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  HD patients were assigned to NMES (ESG) or control group (CG) in a 12-week single-centre prospective study. Transversal quadriceps muscular area, maximum length quadriceps strength (MLQS), handgrip, sit-to-stand-to-sit 10 test (STS10), "6-min walking test" (6MWT); EuroQol-5D health-related quality of life (EQ-5D) questionnaire, subjective global assessment (SGA) and NMES symptoms questionnaires (SQ) were completed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-eight patients (54 % men). Mean age 69.7 years. 32.1 months on HD, 23 ESG and 15 in CG. In contrast with CG, ESG significantly (*p < 0.05) improved MLQS* (10.2 6.7 vs. 13.1 8.1 kg), STS10* (41 18.7 vs. 37.2 23.9 s), 6MWT* (12 %, 280.5 vs. 312.4 m) and EQ-5D score* (52.7 vs. 65.5) at the end of the study. However, lower SQ score* (8.5 vs. 5.8 sympt./patient) in ESG was observed, mainly due to muscular pain* (2.2 vs. 1.2), cramps* (1.6 vs. 1.2), numbness* (1.7 vs. 1.1) or stinging* (1.5 vs. 1.1). In ESG, 44 and 72 % referred better wellness sensation and physical condition in SGA, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intradialytic NMES of both quadriceps improved muscular strength, functional capacity and quality of life in our HD patients. With the obtained results, NMES constitutes a novel therapeutic alternative to improve the deteriorated physical condition and quality of life of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari Terrassa (Barcelona), Crta Torrebonica s/n, 08227, Terrassa, Spain. vestevesimo@gmail.com.|Medicine Department, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain. vestevesimo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vicent Esteve
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Simó
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari Terrassa (Barcelona), Crta Torrebonica s/n, 08227, Terrassa, Spain.
authors.forename: Anna Junque
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Jiménez
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari Terrassa (Barcelona), Crta Torrebonica s/n, 08227, Terrassa, Spain.
authors.forename: José Carneiro
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari Terrassa (Barcelona), Crta Torrebonica s/n, 08227, Terrassa, Spain.
authors.forename: Fátima Moreno
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Guzmán
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari Terrassa (Barcelona), Crta Torrebonica s/n, 08227, Terrassa, Spain.
authors.forename: Miquel Fulquet
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Nicolás
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari Terrassa (Barcelona), Crta Torrebonica s/n, 08227, Terrassa, Spain.
authors.forename: Mónica Pou
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Potau
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari Terrassa (Barcelona), Crta Torrebonica s/n, 08227, Terrassa, Spain.
authors.forename: Anna Saurina
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Solé
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari Terrassa (Barcelona), Crta Torrebonica s/n, 08227, Terrassa, Spain.
authors.forename: Verónica Duarte
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Gallego
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari Terrassa (Barcelona), Crta Torrebonica s/n, 08227, Terrassa, Spain.
authors.forename: Irati Tapia
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: González
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari Terrassa (Barcelona), Crta Torrebonica s/n, 08227, Terrassa, Spain.
authors.forename: Manel Ramírez
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: de Arellano Serna
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001284:Atrophy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D006987:Hypesthesia / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength; D063806:Myalgia / Q000209:etiology; D010292:Paresthesia / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D063189:Symptom Assessment; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Haemodialysis; Health-related quality of life; Neuromuscular electrostimulation; Physical condition