title: Can Additional Homeopathic Treatment Save Costs? A Retrospective Cost-Analysis Based on 44500 Insured Persons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the health care costs for patients using additional homeopathic treatment (homeopathy group) with the costs for those receiving usual care (control group).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cost data provided by a large German statutory health insurance company were retrospectively analysed from the societal perspective (primary outcome) and from the statutory health insurance perspective. Patients in both groups were matched using a propensity score matching procedure based on socio-demographic variables as well as costs, number of hospital stays and sick leave days in the previous 12 months. Total cumulative costs over 18 months were compared between the groups with an analysis of covariance (adjusted for baseline costs) across diagnoses and for six specific diagnoses (depression, migraine, allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and headache).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 44,550 patients (67.3% females) were available for analysis. From the societal perspective, total costs after 18 months were higher in the homeopathy group (adj. mean: EUR 7,207.72 [95% CI 7,001.14-7,414.29]) than in the control group (EUR 5,857.56 [5,650.98-6,064.13]; p<0.0001) with the largest differences between groups for productivity loss (homeopathy EUR 3,698.00 [3,586.48-3,809.53] vs. control EUR 3,092.84 [2,981.31-3,204.37]) and outpatient care costs (homeopathy EUR 1,088.25 [1,073.90-1,102.59] vs. control EUR 867.87 [853.52-882.21]). Group differences decreased over time. For all diagnoses, costs were higher in the homeopathy group than in the control group, although this difference was not always statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with usual care, additional homeopathic treatment was associated with significantly higher costs. These analyses did not confirm previously observed cost savings resulting from the use of homeopathy in the health care system.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - University Medical Center, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Julia K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Ostermann
authors.affiliation: Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - University Medical Center, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reinhold
authors.affiliation: Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - University Medical Center, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Institute for Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Integrative Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Claudia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Witt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017046:Cost Savings; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006705:Homeopathy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult