title: Central nervous system niche involvement in the leukemia.
abstract: Central nervous system (CNS) impairment is commonly involved in leukemia, as it can be observed upon onset or relapse of the disease. It is associated with poor prognosis and is a challenging clinical problem. The objective of this paper was to provide a characterization of the CNS niche in leukemia, to elucidate the culprits of CNS involvement, including diagnostic micro RNAs (miRs) and early leukemia prognosis. CNS niche is a proper location for homing of leukemic stem cells, thus representing a candidate target in the treatment of leukemia. Recent advances in the study of leukemia hallmarks have enlightened miRs as novel biomarkers for diagnosis and detection of CNS involvement in leukemia, thus providing the opportunity to develop novel therapeutic approaches. Given the importance of prognosis and early diagnosis of CNS involvement in leukemias as well as the severe side effects of current treatments, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches should focus on identification and inhibition of the factors contributing to CNS involvement, including CXCR3, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 and MCP1. MiRs such as miR-221 and miR-222 are emerging as potential tools for an innovative non-invasive therapy of CNS in leukemia affected patients.
authors.affiliation: Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Heidari
authors.affiliation: Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. najmaldinsaki@gmail.com.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saki
authors.affiliation: Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Filippis
authors.affiliation: Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahjahani
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teimouri
authors.affiliation: Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmadzadeh
mesh_terms: D002465:Cell Movement; D016543:Central Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000473:pathology*; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D055153:Stem Cell Niche
keywords: Central nervous system; Chemokine; Leukemia; MicroRNA; Stem cell niche