title: Simple Lower Limb Functional Tests in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the characteristics and available evidence on the measurement properties of the gait speed (GS) test, timed Up and Go test (TUG), sit-to-stand (STS) test, and step test; to investigate their relation with clinical outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); and to provide recommendations for clinical practice and future research.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were systematically identified from a literature search using PubMed, PEDro, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases and the reference lists of the included articles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies including ≥1 of these 4 lower limb functional tests (GS test, TUG, STS test, and step test) as an outcome in patients with COPD were selected. No limits were applied for language and study design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two researchers independently performed data extraction and, by using the COnsensus-based standards for the Selection of health status measurement INstruments, assessed the quality of those studies that described measurement properties.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-two articles met the selection criteria. GS test, STS test, and step test are valid, reproducible, and responsive tests, especially the 4-meter GS, 5-repetition STS test, and 6-minute step test (6MST). The TUG is reliable; however, studies on other measurement properties of this test are lacking. Outcomes of these tests are correlated with mortality, physical activity in daily life, exercise capacity, dyspnea, and quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simple and functional lower limb tests provide information about important clinical outcomes in patients with COPD. The 4-meter GS, 5-repetition STS test, and 6MST are tests with well-established psychometric properties, whereas the properties of the TUG need to be studied further.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy (LFIP), Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gianna Waldrich
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Bisca
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy (LFIP), Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrea Akemi
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy (LFIP), Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nidia Aparecida
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Hernandes
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy (LFIP), Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil; Research Center in Health Sciences, University North of Parana (UNOPAR), Londrina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa Suziane
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Probst
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy (LFIP), Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil. Electronic address: fabiopitta@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pitta
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000503:physiopathology; D015444:Exercise; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005684:Gait; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities / Q000592:standards*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: Activities of daily living; Exercise test; Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive; Rehabilitation; Review