title: Can increased visceral adiposity without body weight changes accelerate carotid atherosclerosis in South Korean participants with type 2 diabetes?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and visceral obesity are associated with each other and with cardiovascular diseases. We determined whether increased visceral adiposity without weight gain was associated with sex-specific accelerated carotid atherosclerosis in South Koreans with T2DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2003 to 2012, we recruited 280 participants with T2DM for the Seoul Metabolic Syndrome cohort who had body weight, visceral fat thickness (VFT), and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) measured at intervals of 2years. According to VFT change, sex-specific quartiles of clinical characteristics and changes of CIMT were determined. Logistic regression models predicted the odds of the progression of CIMTs in each quartile.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 2years of observation, VFTs fell by 5.2±13.5mm in men (P<0.001) and 3.4±10.5mm in women (P<0.001). Progression of CIMT was only significant for women's maximal CIMT (0.031±0.145mm, P=0.012), while significant improvements in HbA1c were found (0.9%; P<0.001 in both sexes). There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics, or in progression of CIMT in men or women according to 2-year quartiles of VFT change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results do not suggest that increased visceral adiposity without body weight changes impacts the CIMT progression in South Korean men or women with T2DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.
authors.forename: Chul Sik
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Soo-Kyung
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.
authors.forename: Maria Rosario G
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Araneta
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Electronic address: EJLEE423@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Eun Jig
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.. Electronic address: ebarrettconnor@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barrett-Connor
authors.affiliation: Huh's Diabetes Center and the 21st Century Diabetes and Vascular Research Institute, Seoul, Korea. Electronic address: huh7181827@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Kab Bum
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Huh
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006782:Hospitals, Special; D006786:Hospitals, Urban; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015995:Prevalence; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference
keywords: Carotid atherosclerosis; Carotid intima-media thickness; Obesity; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Visceral fat thickness