title: Can fish oil supplementation and physical training improve oxidative metabolism in aged rat hearts?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is well known that in the aging process a variety of physiological functions such as cardiac physiology and energy metabolism decline. Imbalance in production and elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may induce oxidative stress. Research shows that oxidative stress is an important factor in the aging process. Studies suggest that ɷ-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and moderate physical exercise modulate the ROS system. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether ɷ-3 present in fish oil supplementation coupled with moderate physical training could improve antioxidant and metabolic enzymes in the hearts of adult and aged rats and, if these effects could be associated to glycemia, plasma lipid profile or murinometric parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult (weighing 315.1±9.3g) and aged rats (weighing 444.5±11.8g) exercised and receive fish oil supplementation for 4weeks. Then they were used to evaluate murinometric parameters, fasting glucose and lipid profile. After this, their hearts were collected to measure the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase-SOD, catalase-CAT, glutathione peroxidase-GPx) and oxidative metabolism marker (citrate synthase-CS activity).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fish oil supplementation increases HDL concentration and activity of CAT and CS. Moreover, physical training coupled with fish oil supplementation induces additional effects on SOD, GPx and CS activity mainly in aged rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that combined treatment in aged rat hearts improves the antioxidant capacities and metabolic enzyme that can prevent the deleterious effects of aging.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anderson Apolonio
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: da Silva Pedroza
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andréia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosângela F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Mendes da Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
authors.forename: Glauber Ruda
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Braz
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
authors.forename: Diorginis Soares
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, CCB-Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ângela Amâncio
authors.initials: ÂA
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil. Electronic address: batistadeoliveiram@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Manuella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Batista-de-Oliveira-Hornsby
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil. Electronic address: lagranha@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Claudia J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lagranha
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005395:Fish Oils; D008055:Lipids; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase
keywords: Aging; Fish oil; Oxidative metabolism; Oxidative stress; Physical training