title: Unexplained association between cystitis glandularis and interstitial cystitis in females: a retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An increasing number of female patients have received comorbid diagnoses of cystitis glandularis (CG) and interstitial cystitis (IC) at our institution. In addition, most of these patients suffer from coexisting obstructive lower urinary tract diseases (OLUTDs). In this study, we aimed to present evidence of the possible association between CG and IC and analyze the clinical features of this association.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 395 female patients diagnosed with CG and/or IC. The patients were divided into three groups: group A (CG only), group B (IC only), and group C (CG+IC). Chi-squared tests were applied to compare the prevalence rates of CG in patients with IC and in the general population, the prevalence rates of IC in patients with CG and in the general population, and the prevalence rates of OLUTD in the three patient groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence rate of IC in patients with CG was significantly higher than that in the general population, while the prevalence rate of CG in patients with IC was also significantly higher than that in the general population. For groups A, B, and C, 93 (39.2 %), 30 (44.1 %), and 58 (64.4 %) cases respectively presented with OLUTDs, and the prevalence rate of OLUTDs varied significantly among the three groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This retrospective study found a possible association between CG and IC, and coexisting OLUTDs influenced this association.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.|Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Jieyang, 107 Tianfu Road, Jieyang, 522000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China. yao2146@163.com.
authors.forename: You-sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ming-en
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei-jie
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wen-wei
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D063189:Symptom Assessment; D014563:Urodynamics
keywords: Cystitis glandularis; Infection; Interstitial cystitis; Lower urethral tract diseases; Lower urinary tract symptoms