title: Kosovo's Public Health Damage from Abusive Use of Antibiotics in Dairy Cattle.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study is to assess the state of the use of antibiotics in dairy cattle in Kosovo according to different diagnosis as directed by treatment protocol and to evaluate the methods of their application in dairy cattle.
  
  
  METHODS
  We've visited over 80% of dairy farms throughout the territory of Kosovo in 2013. Assessment was carried out through a specific questionnaire, which identifies problems with medical treatment of cattle, the number of cattle treated and untreated, description of dose and type of drugs used, as well as the duration of drugs issuance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Kosovo for the treatment of sick cows are mainly used beta lactams and sulfonamides. The drugs were not given only to sick cattle by their diagnosis, but they were given to healthy cattle too, as a preventative therapy, mainly through intramuscular route.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the dairy cattle were not treated correctly as directed by the treatment protocol. In Kosovo's general health system there are no rules and procedures on monitoring and recording the expenditures on antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo.
authors.forename: Zana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ibraimi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania.
authors.forename: Agim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shehi
authors.affiliation: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo.
authors.forename: Ardiana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murtezani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo.
authors.forename: Shaip
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krasniqi
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo.
authors.forename: Zana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Agani
keywords: abuse; antibiotics; dairy cattle; public health; treatment protocol