title: Elevated Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels in Patients With Hyperthyroidism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent evidence from animal studies indicates that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), an endocrine hormone that regulates glucose, lipid metabolism, and energy homeostasis, is regulated by T3. However, the role of FGF21 in hyperthyroid patients is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to study serum FGF21 levels in hyperthyroid patients and the association of serum FGF21 levels with hyperthyroidism.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 119 hyperthyroid patients and 108 healthy subjects were recruited. Of them, 41 hyperthyroid patients received thionamide treatment for 3 months until euthyroidism was obtained.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum FGF21 levels were determined using the ELISA method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum FGF21 levels were significantly elevated in hyperthyroid patients as compared with normal subjects [median 290.67 (interquartile range, 156.60-502.33) vs 228.10 (169.85.25-320.10) pg/mL; P < .001]. After thionamide treatment, serum FGF21 levels in hyperthyroid patients declined markedly from 249.10 (139.10-444.00) to 106.90 (38.70-196.15) pg/mL (P < .001). Logistic regression revealed that FGF21, basal metabolic rate, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and alanine transaminase were significantly associated with hyperthyroidism. With adjustment for potential confounders, serum FGF21 remained independently associated with hyperthyroidism, with an adjusted odds ratio of 3.123 (95% confidence interval, 1.306-7.468) (P = .010).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum FGF21 levels were elevated in patients with hyperthyroidism and declined after thionamide treatment. And serum FGF21 level was independently associated with hyperthyroidism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (F.X., M.L., P.H., J.Z., H.Z., Xi.L., S.Y., Xu.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; Xiamen Diabetes Institute (M.L., X.Z., Xi.L., S.Y., Z.L., Xu.L.), Xiamen 361003, China; Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Xi.L.), Rui-Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China; Epidemiology Research Unit (Z.L.), The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics (Z.L.), School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Fangsen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (F.X., M.L., P.H., J.Z., H.Z., Xi.L., S.Y., Xu.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; Xiamen Diabetes Institute (M.L., X.Z., Xi.L., S.Y., Z.L., Xu.L.), Xiamen 361003, China; Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Xi.L.), Rui-Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China; Epidemiology Research Unit (Z.L.), The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics (Z.L.), School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Mingzhu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (F.X., M.L., P.H., J.Z., H.Z., Xi.L., S.Y., Xu.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; Xiamen Diabetes Institute (M.L., X.Z., Xi.L., S.Y., Z.L., Xu.L.), Xiamen 361003, China; Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Xi.L.), Rui-Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China; Epidemiology Research Unit (Z.L.), The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics (Z.L.), School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Peiying
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (F.X., M.L., P.H., J.Z., H.Z., Xi.L., S.Y., Xu.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; Xiamen Diabetes Institute (M.L., X.Z., Xi.L., S.Y., Z.L., Xu.L.), Xiamen 361003, China; Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Xi.L.), Rui-Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China; Epidemiology Research Unit (Z.L.), The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics (Z.L.), School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Jinyang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (F.X., M.L., P.H., J.Z., H.Z., Xi.L., S.Y., Xu.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; Xiamen Diabetes Institute (M.L., X.Z., Xi.L., S.Y., Z.L., Xu.L.), Xiamen 361003, China; Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Xi.L.), Rui-Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China; Epidemiology Research Unit (Z.L.), The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics (Z.L.), School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (F.X., M.L., P.H., J.Z., H.Z., Xi.L., S.Y., Xu.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; Xiamen Diabetes Institute (M.L., X.Z., Xi.L., S.Y., Z.L., Xu.L.), Xiamen 361003, China; Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Xi.L.), Rui-Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China; Epidemiology Research Unit (Z.L.), The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics (Z.L.), School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Huijie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (F.X., M.L., P.H., J.Z., H.Z., Xi.L., S.Y., Xu.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; Xiamen Diabetes Institute (M.L., X.Z., Xi.L., S.Y., Z.L., Xu.L.), Xiamen 361003, China; Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Xi.L.), Rui-Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China; Epidemiology Research Unit (Z.L.), The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics (Z.L.), School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (F.X., M.L., P.H., J.Z., H.Z., Xi.L., S.Y., Xu.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; Xiamen Diabetes Institute (M.L., X.Z., Xi.L., S.Y., Z.L., Xu.L.), Xiamen 361003, China; Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Xi.L.), Rui-Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China; Epidemiology Research Unit (Z.L.), The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics (Z.L.), School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Shuyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (F.X., M.L., P.H., J.Z., H.Z., Xi.L., S.Y., Xu.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; Xiamen Diabetes Institute (M.L., X.Z., Xi.L., S.Y., Z.L., Xu.L.), Xiamen 361003, China; Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Xi.L.), Rui-Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China; Epidemiology Research Unit (Z.L.), The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics (Z.L.), School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Zhibin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (F.X., M.L., P.H., J.Z., H.Z., Xi.L., S.Y., Xu.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; Xiamen Diabetes Institute (M.L., X.Z., Xi.L., S.Y., Z.L., Xu.L.), Xiamen 361003, China; Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Xi.L.), Rui-Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China; Epidemiology Research Unit (Z.L.), The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics (Z.L.), School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Xuejun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D013956:Antithyroid Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013956:Antithyroid Agents; C414620:fibroblast growth factor 21; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors