title: Assessment of caffeine intake in the Korean population.
abstract: An improved method for the analysis of caffeine in foods by HPLC was validated by measuring several analytical parameters. The caffeine contents of 1202 products available from Korean markets were analysed. A consumption study was conducted by using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2010-12, to estimate the caffeine intakes of the Korean population. The mean intakes of caffeine from all sources in the general population and consumers were 67.8 and 102.6 mg day(-1) for all age groups, respectively. The 95th percentile intakes of the general population and consumers were 250.7 and 313.7 mg day(-1), respectively. In those aged 30-49 years, the caffeine intakes of the general population and consumers were highest at 25.5% (101.8 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) and 36.6% (0.9 mg kg(-1) day(-1)), respectively, compared with the maximum recommended daily intake (400 mg day(-1)) for adults. In the general population, the main contributors to the total caffeine intake were carbonated beverage for the younger age groups and coffee for the adults. These data provide a current perspective on caffeine intake in the Korean population.
authors.affiliation: a Food Additives and Packages Division , Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , 187 , Cheongju , Chungcheongbuk-do , Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: a Food Additives and Packages Division , Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , 187 , Cheongju , Chungcheongbuk-do , Korea.
authors.forename: Ju Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: a Food Additives and Packages Division , Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , 187 , Cheongju , Chungcheongbuk-do , Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Chon
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: a Food Additives and Packages Division , Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , 187 , Cheongju , Chungcheongbuk-do , Korea.
authors.forename: Meehye
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D005504:Food Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D064167:Recommended Dietary Allowances; D056910:Republic of Korea; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002110:Caffeine
keywords: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES); Korean population; caffeine; consumption; intake