title: Investigations of foreign bodies in the fore-stomach of cattle at Ngoma Slaughterhouse, Rwanda.
abstract: Ingestion of indigestible foreign bodies in cattle is a pathological condition of both economic and health importance. It is has mostly been reported in association with feed scarcity. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and nature of indigestible foreign materials in abattoir fore-stomach specimens in Ngoma district, Rwanda. Each chamber was opened by incision, then given a thorough macroscopic examination by visual inspection and palpation for the presence of foreign materials. The results show that there is an overall occurrence of 17.4% foreign bodies in cattle. The highest occurrence (25.3%) was recorded in June (the driest month). Results further show that the majority of the foreign bodies were plastics (65.0%). More foreign bodies (29.5%) were found in older animals (5 years and above) than in younger and middle-aged animals (16.5 % and 6.0%, respectively). There was a higher prevalence of foreign bodies in female cattle (20.0%) than in males (15.7%). The presence of cassette tape, as observed in the study, has not been reported elsewhere. The high representation of plastics in animals (65.5%) in the light of a government plastic bag ban in supermarkets presents a major challenge to livestock production in Rwanda. What is disturbing is that it is not known if this problem is increasing or decreasing as there are no previous studies for comparison. However, the results will serve as a reference point for future studies to understand the true trend and true burden of plastic bags in livestock.
authors.forename: Borden
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mushonga
authors.affiliation: School of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda. gervaish@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gervais
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Habarugira
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Musabyemungu
authors.forename: Jean C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Udahemuka
authors.forename: Festus I
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Jaja
authors.forename: Dunisani
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pepe
mesh_terms: D000003:Abattoirs; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009851:Omasum / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D015995:Prevalence; D012159:Reticulum / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D012417:Rumen / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D012432:Rwanda / Q000453:epidemiology