title: The academic consequences of marijuana use during college.
abstract: Although several studies have shown that marijuana use can adversely affect academic achievement among adolescents, less research has focused on its impact on postsecondary educational outcomes. This study utilized data from a large longitudinal cohort study of college students to test the direct and indirect effects of marijuana use on college grade point average (GPA) and time to graduation, with skipping class as a mediator of these outcomes. A structural equation model was evaluated taking into account a variety of baseline risk and protective factors (i.e., demographics, college engagement, psychological functioning, alcohol and other drug use) thought to contribute to college academic outcomes. The results showed a significant path from baseline marijuana use frequency to skipping more classes at baseline to lower first-semester GPA to longer time to graduation. Baseline measures of other drug use and alcohol quantity exhibited similar indirect effects on GPA and graduation time. Over time, the rate of change in marijuana use was negatively associated with rate of change in GPA, but did not account for any additional variance in graduation time. Percentage of classes skipped was negatively associated with GPA at baseline and over time. Thus, even accounting for demographics and other factors, marijuana use adversely affected college academic outcomes, both directly and indirectly through poorer class attendance. Results extend prior research by showing that marijuana use during college can be a barrier to academic achievement. Prevention and early intervention might be important components of a comprehensive strategy for promoting postsecondary academic achievement.
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Amelia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Arria
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Kimberly M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Caldeira
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Brittany A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Bugbee
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Kathryn B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland.
authors.forename: Kevin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: O'Grady
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D000067292:Alcohol Drinking in College; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008385:Marijuana Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult