title: Micro/nanofabricated platforms for oral drug delivery.
abstract: The oral route of drug administration is most preferred due to its ease of use, low cost, and high patient compliance. However, the oral uptake of many small molecule drugs and biotherapeutics is limited by various physiological barriers, and, as a result, drugs suffer from issues with low solubility, low permeability, and degradation following oral administration. The flexibility of micro- and nanofabrication techniques has been used to create drug delivery platforms designed to address these barriers to oral drug uptake. Specifically, micro/nanofabricated devices have been designed with planar, asymmetric geometries to promote device adhesion and unidirectional drug release toward epithelial tissue, thereby prolonging drug exposure and increasing drug permeation. Furthermore, surface functionalization, nanotopography, responsive drug release, motion-based responses, and permeation enhancers have been incorporated into such platforms to further enhance drug uptake. This review will outline the application of micro/nanotechnology to specifically address the physiological barriers to oral drug delivery and highlight technologies that may be incorporated into these oral drug delivery systems to further enhance drug uptake.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
authors.forename: Cade B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.affiliation: UC Berkeley & UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: UC Berkeley & UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
authors.forename: Long V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: UC Berkeley & UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
authors.forename: Cameron L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Nemeth
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
authors.forename: Hariharasudhan D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Chirra
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UC Berkeley & UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Electronic address: Tejal.Desai@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Tejal A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Desai
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D055616:Microtechnology; D036103:Nanotechnology; D010599:Pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations
keywords: Microdevice; Microfabrication; Nanofabrication; Nanotopography; Oral drug delivery; Targeted delivery