title: Utility of inline milk fat and protein ratio to diagnose subclinical ketosis and to assign propylene glycol treatment in lactating dairy cows.
abstract: The objective was to identify a fat-to-protein ratio (FPR) cut-off to diagnose subclinical ketosis (SCK) and to evaluate the effect of propylene glycol (PPG) treatment of cows with high FPR. The optimized cut-off was > 1.42; sensitivity (Se) = 92%; specificity (Sp) = 65%. A cut-off > 1.5 was selected for the PPG trial for balanced Se-Sp. Fat-to-protein ratio cut-offs > 1.25, 1.35, 1.50, 1.60, and 1.70 resulted in Se-Sp of 100% to 49%, 96% to 59%, 75% to 78%, 33% to 90%, and 8% to 96%, respectively. The proportions of cows with FPR > 1.25, 1.35, 1.42, 1.50, 1.60, and 1.70 were 60%, 50%, 44%, 30%, 14%, and 6%, respectively. Incidences of clinical ketosis and milk yield were similar between cows that received 400 mL of PPG (n = 34) and control cows (n = 38). Prevalence of SCK at enrollment was 29.2%; therefore, FPR > 1.5 is not indicated for treatment. Lower cut-offs should be used for screening.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Jenkins, Peña, Risco, Galvão, Vieira-Neto), D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program (Galvão), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil (Barbosa).
authors.forename: Nicholas T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Jenkins, Peña, Risco, Galvão, Vieira-Neto), D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program (Galvão), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil (Barbosa).
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peña
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Jenkins, Peña, Risco, Galvão, Vieira-Neto), D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program (Galvão), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil (Barbosa).
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Risco
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Jenkins, Peña, Risco, Galvão, Vieira-Neto), D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program (Galvão), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil (Barbosa).
authors.forename: Carolina C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Jenkins, Peña, Risco, Galvão, Vieira-Neto), D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program (Galvão), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil (Barbosa).
authors.forename: Achilles
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vieira-Neto
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Jenkins, Peña, Risco, Galvão, Vieira-Neto), D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program (Galvão), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil (Barbosa).
authors.forename: Klibs N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Galvão
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005223:Fats / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D007662:Ketosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D019946:Propylene Glycol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D005223:Fats; D008894:Milk Proteins; D019946:Propylene Glycol