title: Personalized Cancer Therapy Considering Cytochrome P450 Variability.
abstract: The individual variability of pharmacokinetics is underestimated and few systematic studies exist in this field. In most cases, this leads to unwanted side effects or toxicity. In polychemotherapy, prodrugs (like ifosfamide), which have to be activated by cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs), play an important role. If patients are poor metabolizers for these drugs, the therapy will be ineffective. Furthermore, CYPs and transporters can be (over)expressed in target tissues, which is also not examined and considered in clinical routine. Here, we present a body map showing relevant enzymes in some organs and tissues. Finally, a typical case of a Caucasian chemotherapy patient with breast cancer is presented and discussed regarding a personalized cancer therapy considering the single nucleotide polymorphisms found via genotyping.
authors.affiliation: Dental, Oral and Maxillary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: saskia.preissner@charite.de.
authors.forename: Saskia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Preissner
authors.affiliation: NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Advanced Molecular Diagnostics Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simmaco
authors.affiliation: NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Advanced Molecular Diagnostics Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.affiliation: Structural Bioinformatics Group, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Preissner
mesh_terms: D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D057285:Precision Medicine; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D011355:Prodrugs; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
keywords: Drug cocktail optimization; Drug interactions; Personalized cancer therapy