title: A bad tumor biomarker is as bad as a bad drug: The gap between genomics data and phenotype to predict response.
abstract: The search for novel prognostic and predictive parameters in breast carcinoma is relentless. The new technological advances in gene expression profiling and in mutational analysis will hopefully prove to be clinically useful in informing the choice for the systemic therapy. For the time being, we are still relying in established immunohistochemical markers, namely estrogen and progesterone receptors, HER2 and Ki67. Advances in the harmonization of pre-analytical, analytical and interpretative variables may improve accuracy and reproducibility of the results.
authors.affiliation: University of Milan, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy. Electronic address: giuseppe.viale@ieo.it.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Viale
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D010641:Phenotype; D057285:Precision Medicine; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000032:analysis*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human
keywords: Estrogen receptors; HER2; Ki67; Molecular profiling; Progesterone receptors; Prognostic parameters