title: Anticancer and immunostimulating activities of a novel homogalacturonan from Hippophae rhamnoides L. berry.
abstract: Our previous study isolated an anti-fatigue polysaccharide (HRWP) from the Hippophae rhamnoides berry. In this study, using ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography in turn, a water-soluble homogenous polysaccharide HRWP-A was isolated from HRWP. Structural analysis determined that HRWP-A was a polysaccharide with repeating units of (1→4)-β-d-galactopyranosyluronic residues, of which 85.16% were esterified with methyl groups. An antitumor activity assay showed that HRWP-A could significantly inhibit the Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) growth in tumor-bearing mice. Further experiments suggested that the antitumor effect of HRWP-A might be mediated through immunostimulating activity, as it enhances the lymphocyte proliferation, augments the macrophage activities, as well as promoting NK cell activity and CTL cytotoxicity in tumor-bearing mice. To our knowledge, this is the first report on a natural antitumor high-methoxyl homogalacturonan pectin from the H. rhamnoides berry-a compound that acts as a potential immunostimulant and anticancer adjuvant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China.
authors.forename: Hailiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China.
authors.forename: Yuzhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China.
authors.forename: Hongxia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China.
authors.forename: Lixin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810000, China. Electronic address: bihongtao@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Hongtao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China. Electronic address: 65559211@qq.com.
authors.forename: Weihua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D066241:Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D018827:Carcinoma, Lewis Lung / Q000473:pathology; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000187:drug effects; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D031281:Hippophae / Q000737:chemistry*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010368:Pectins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003208:Concanavalin A; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010368:Pectins; C003181:polygalacturonic acid
keywords: Antitumor activity; Galacturonic acid (PubChem CID: 441476); Hippophae rhamnoides L.; Homogalacturonan; Immunostimulating activity; d-Galactose (PubChem CID: 6036); d-Glucose (PubChem CID: 5793); d-Mannose (PubChem CID: 18950); l-Arabinose (PubChem CID: 5460291); l-Rhamnose (PubChem CID: 19233); l-Xylose (PubChem CID: 95259)