title: Effect of Macrogeometry on the Surface Topography of Dental Implants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because the microtopography of titanium implants influences the biomaterial-tissue interaction, surface microtexturing treatments are frequently used for dental implants. However, surface treatment alone may not determine the final microtopography of a dental implant, which can also be influenced by the implant macrogeometry. This work analyzed the effects on surface roughness parameters of the same treatment applied by the same manufacturer to implants with differing macro-designs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups of titanium implants with different macro-designs were investigated using laser interferometry and scanning electron microscopy. Relevant surface roughness parameters were calculated for different regions of each implant. Two flat disks (treated and untreated) were also investigated for comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tops of the threads and the nonthreaded regions of all implants had very similar roughness parameters, independent of the geometry of the implant, which were also very similar to those of flat disks treated with the same process. In contrast, the flanks and valleys of the threads presented larger irregularities (Sa) with higher slopes (Sdq) and larger developed surface areas (Sdr) on all implants, particularly for implants with threads with smaller heights. The flanks and valleys displayed stronger textures (Str), particularly on the implants with threads with larger internal angles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parameters associated with the height of the irregularities (Sa), the slope of the asperities (Sdq), the presence of a surface texture (Str), and the developed surface area of the irregularities (Sdr) were significantly affected by the macrogeometry of the implants. Flat disks subjected to the same surface treatment as dental implants reproduced only the surface topography of the flat regions of the implants.
authors.forename: Marina Melo
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Naves
authors.forename: Helder Henrique Machado
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.forename: Denildo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.forename: Jessica Afonso
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Sara Ferreira
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: José Daniel Biasoli
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: de Mello
authors.forename: Henara Lillian
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Costa
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D006801:Humans; D007368:Interferometry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015921:Dental Implants; D014025:Titanium