title: Bullying May Be Fueled by the Desperate Need to Belong.
abstract: Human beings have a fundamental need to belong, for ongoing positive interactions with others who provide companionship and caring (Baumeister & Leary, 1995). Children may hit, exclude, or harass others electronically because when their own needs for belongingness are threatened, or when they want to enhance their own status, they lash out and hurt others in the way they think will be most painful, by engaging in behaviors that undermine the target's sense of belongingness. For reasons discussed below, children and adolescents might be especially vulnerable to desperate needs for belongingness. Viewing bullying as motivated by the need to belong has profound implications for prevention and intervention programs to reduce bullying.
authors.affiliation: School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd, GR41, Richardson, Texas, 75080, 972-883-2470 (Underwood phone), 972-883-2309 (Ehrenreich phone), 972-883-2491 (FAX).
authors.forename: Marion K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Underwood
authors.affiliation: School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd, GR41, Richardson, Texas, 75080, 972-883-2470 (Underwood phone), 972-883-2309 (Ehrenreich phone), 972-883-2491 (FAX).
authors.forename: Samuel E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Ehrenreich