title: Real-time Raman spectroscopy for automatic in vivo skin cancer detection: an independent validation.
abstract: In a recent study, we have demonstrated that real-time Raman spectroscopy could be used for skin cancer diagnosis. As a translational study, the objective of this study is to validate previous findings through a completely independent clinical test. In total, 645 confirmed cases were included in the analysis, including a cohort of 518 cases from a previous study, and an independent cohort of 127 new cases. Multi-variant statistical data analyses including principal component with general discriminant analysis (PC-GDA) and partial least squares (PLS) were used separately for lesion classification, which generated similar results. When the previous cohort (n = 518) was used as training and the new cohort (n = 127) was used as testing, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC) was found to be 0.889 (95 % CI 0.834-0.944; PLS); when the two cohorts were combined, the ROC AUC was 0.894 (95 % CI 0.870-0.918; PLS) with the narrowest confidence intervals. Both analyses were comparable to the previous findings, where the ROC AUC was 0.896 (95 % CI 0.846-0.946; PLS). The independent study validates that real-time Raman spectroscopy could be used for automatic in vivo skin cancer diagnosis with good accuracy.
authors.affiliation: Photomedicine Institute, Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, 835 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E8, Canada.|Imaging Unit - Integrative Oncology Department, British Columbia Cancer Agency Research Center, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Photomedicine Institute, Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, 835 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E8, Canada.|Imaging Unit - Integrative Oncology Department, British Columbia Cancer Agency Research Center, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
authors.forename: Harvey
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lui
authors.affiliation: Photomedicine Institute, Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, 835 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E8, Canada.
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalia
authors.affiliation: Photomedicine Institute, Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, 835 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E8, Canada. hzeng@bccrc.ca.|Imaging Unit - Integrative Oncology Department, British Columbia Cancer Agency Research Center, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada. hzeng@bccrc.ca.
authors.forename: Haishan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Raman spectroscopy; Skin cancer diagnosis; Skin disease detection