title: Effect of Transcatheter Intra-Arterial Therapies on Tumor Interstitial Fluid Pressure and Its Relation to Drug Penetration in a Rabbit Liver Tumor Model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the change in tumor interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) after transcatheter intra-arterial (IA) therapies and its relation to drug penetration in liver cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  VX2 tumors were grown in the livers of 16 rabbits. The rabbits were treated with intravenous injection of doxorubicin (group 1; n = 4), hepatic IA injection of doxorubicin (group 2; n = 4), hepatic IA injection of doxorubicin followed by embolization with polyvinyl alcohol particles (group 3; n = 4), or hepatic IA injection of doxorubicin mixed with Lipiodol followed by polyvinyl alcohol embolization (group 4; n = 4). Tumor IFP was measured with a Mikro-Tip pressure catheter before and 1 hour after treatment. Doxorubicin penetration was evaluated by immunofluorescence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumor IFP after treatment decreased by 5.0% ± 2.8, 3.9% ± 9.0, 27.1% ± 5.2, and 31.8% ± 7.4 in groups 1-4, respectively. The difference in IFP reduction between embolization-treated groups (groups 3 and 4) and nonembolized groups (groups 1 and 2) was significant (P < .001). Doxorubicin penetration distances were 20.3 μm ± 3.7, 45.7 μm ± 10.5, 69.5 μm ± 9.3, and 47.9 μm ± 6.4 in groups 1-4, respectively. IFP reduction was significantly correlated with doxorubicin penetration distance (r = .671, P = .004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A greater reduction of tumor IFP was associated with embolization in a preclinical liver tumor model, and embolization may indirectly contribute to increased drug penetration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Rd., Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Rd., Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shaofeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Rd., Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Rd., Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China.
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Rd., Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China.
authors.forename: Fu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Rd., Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China.
authors.forename: Xiangjun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Rd., Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China.
authors.forename: Gansheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Rd., Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China. Electronic address: hqzcsxh@sina.com.
authors.forename: Chuansheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002460:Cell Line; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000187:drug effects*; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011312:Pressure; D011817:Rabbits; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D004317:Doxorubicin; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol