title: Liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry with immunoaffinity clean-up for the determination of the oxidative stress biomarker 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha in wastewater.
abstract: A reliable oxidative stress biomarker, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), was for the first time quantitatively analysed in wastewater using an analytical method consisting of liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry coupled to immunoaffinity clean-up (IAC-LC-HRMS). Factors influencing the method's robustness were investigated, including analyte stability in sewage and enzymatic deconjugation with β-glucuronidase. The IAC-LC-HRMS method was linear over the range of 0.1-100ng/mL with correlation coefficient (R(2)) of 0.999. The quantification limits were sufficiently low to detect 8-iso-PGF2α in sewage (method quantification limit of 0.3ng/L) and precision, expressed as relative standard deviation was less than 7% and the accuracy expressed as relative recovery was in the 103-113% range. As a result, the application of the method to 24-h composite wastewater samples from Oslo showed 8-iso-PGF2α concentrations of 18.9-23.3ng/L for 8 days in March 2015. This study demonstrates a standard method to analyse 8-iso-PGF2α in sewage that will contribute to the further investigation of the potential use of 8-iso-PGF2α as a sewage biomarker for assessing the status of community health.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO box 1078 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: yeonsuk.ryu@niva.no.
authors.forename: Yeonsuk
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Malcolm J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Kevin V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000737:chemistry; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D015237:Dinoprost; D005966:Glucuronidase
keywords: F(2)-isoprostanes; Health biomarker; Immunoaffinity clean-up; Liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry; Oxidative stress; Wastewater-based epidemiology