title: Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract and compounds from fruits of Tectona grandis (Verbenaceae).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Well known as teak, Tectona grandis is widely used in African folk medicine for its pharmacological relevance. In Cameroon, this species is a reputed laxative in the Northern Region while in the Western Region, it is used in the treatment of skin diseases and diarrhoea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Separation and isolation of compounds were performed using different chromatographic methods while their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques including MS and NMR, and by comparison of data with those reported in the literature. Isolated compounds as well as crude ethanol extract were tested for their antibacterial activities using broth micro-dilution method against four Gram negative bacteria strains Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA 01), Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC 11296) and Escherichia aerogenes (ATCC 13048).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three known compounds were isolated, including two quinones and one triterpene. They were identified as tectograndone (1), 6-methyl-1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone (2), and 2β-hydroxyursolic acid (3) respectively. Crude ethanol extract showed good activity against the bacteria strains tested with MIC of 64-256 μg/mL. Among the isolated metabolites, 6-methyl-1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone exhibited a strong activity against Escherichia aerogenes with MIC of 16 μg/mL, while tectograndone showed a moderate activity against Escherichia coli with MIC of 32 μg/mL. The antibacterial screening of the fruits of this plant as well as that of compounds 1 and 2 is reported herein for the first time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The research work presented here shows that Tectona grandis fruits possess compounds which could be developed in the treatment of bacterial diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Gabin Thierry M
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Bitchagno
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Leonard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sama Fonkeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.|Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), P.O. Box 6163, Yaounde, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Théodora K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Kopa
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Michel F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Tala
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Hippolyte
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamdem Wabo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Christopher B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Tume
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tane
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon. jrkuiate@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Jules-Roger
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kuiate
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D000431:Ethanol; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D029648:Verbenaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000431:Ethanol