title: Description of two new species of Pheles Herrich-Schäffer, [1853] and notes on the taxonomic position of two species hitherto included in the genus (Riodinidae: Riodininae).
abstract: Two new species of Pheles Herrich-Schäffer, [1853], Pheles plaumanni Dolibaina & Dias sp. nov. and Pheles obscura C. Mielke, Dolibaina & Dias sp. nov. are described from southern Brazil. Through the comparative study of the morphology of the head, labial palpus and the genitalia two species are removed from Pheles and the following new combinations are proposed: Pachythone bicolor (Godman & Salvin, 1886) comb. nov. and Melanis caatingensis (Callaghan & Nobre, 2014) comb. nov. The species studied are pictured and details of the head and genitalia are illustrated.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 19.020, 81.531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.; Email: fernandomsdias@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Fernando Maia Silva
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 19.020, 81.531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.; Email: dirodrido@homail.com.
authors.forename: Diego Rodrigo
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Dolibaina
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 19.020, 81.531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.; Email: cmielke1@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: Carlos Guilherme Costa
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Mielke
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 19.020, 81.531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.; Email: omhesp@ufpr.br.
authors.forename: Olaf Hermann Hendrik
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Mielke
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 19.020, 81.531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.; Email: mibras@ufpr.br.
authors.forename: Mirna Martins
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Casagrand
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002080:Butterflies / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000145:classification*; D005260:Female; D005835:Genitalia / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D014921:Wings, Animal / Q000033:anatomy & histology