title: Toward bioactive yet antibacterial surfaces.
abstract: The fabrication of antibacterial yet biocompatible and bioactive surfaces is a challenge that biological and biomedical community has faced for many years, while no "dream material" has been developed so far. The primary goal of this study was to establish an optimal range of Ag concentration and its state of agglomeration in bioactive nanocomposite TiCaPCON films which would provide a strong bactericidal effect without compromising the material biocompatibility and bioactivity. To obtain samples with different Ag content and redistribution, two different methods were employed: (i) TiCaPCON films deposition by magnetron sputtering of composite TiС0.5-Ca3(РО4)2 target followed by Ag(+) ion implantation and (ii) Ag-doped TiCaPCON films obtained by co-sputtering of composite TiС0.5-Ca3(РО4)2 and Ag targets. In order to reveal the antibacterial role of Ag nanoparticles and Ag(+) ions, both separate and in synergy, part of the samples from the first and second groups was subjected to additional ion etching to remove an Ag rich surface layer heavily populated with Ag nanoparticles. All resultant films were characterized with respect to surface morphology, chemical composition, surface roughness, wettability, and Ag(+) ion release. The antibacterial and antifungal effects of the Ag-doped TiCaPCON films were evaluated against clinically isolated Escherichia coli O78 (E. coli) and Neurospora crassa wt-987 spores. The influence of the surface chemistry on spreading, proliferation, and early stages of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cell differentiation was also studied. Our data demonstrated that under optimal conditions in terms of Ag content and agglomeration, the Ag-doped TiCaPCON films are highly efficient against E. coli bacteria and, at the same time, provide good adhesion, spreading, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic cells which reflect high level of biocompatibility and bioactivity of the films. The influence of Ag(+) ions and nanoparticles on the MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells and E. coli bacteria is also discussed.
authors.affiliation: National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninsky prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia. Electronic address: irina_btnn@mail.ru.
authors.forename: I V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Sukhorukova
authors.affiliation: National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninsky prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia.
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Sheveyko
authors.affiliation: National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninsky prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia.
authors.forename: Ph V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Kiryukhantsev-Korneev
authors.affiliation: N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Centre of RAMS, Kashirskoe shosse 24, Moscow 115478, Russia.
authors.forename: I Y
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Zhitnyak
authors.affiliation: N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Centre of RAMS, Kashirskoe shosse 24, Moscow 115478, Russia.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Gloushankova
authors.affiliation: State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow Region 142279, Russia.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Denisenko
authors.affiliation: A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry RAS, Moscow 119071, Russia.
authors.forename: S Yu
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Filippovich
authors.affiliation: State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow Region 142279, Russia; Moscow State University, Department of Geocryology, Moscow 119992, Russia.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Ignatov
authors.affiliation: National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninsky prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia. Electronic address: shtansky@shs.misis.ru.
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Shtansky
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D053761:Nanocomposites; D009492:Neurospora crassa / Q000187:drug effects; D010006:Osteoblasts; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D012834:Silver; C020243:calcium phosphate; D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: Antibacterial activity; Bioactivity; Multicomponent films; Silver; Sputtering