title: Erythrocyte fatty acid profiles and plasma homocysteine, folate and vitamin B6 and B12 in recurrent depression: Implications for co-morbidity with cardiovascular disease.
abstract: Oxidative stress induced interactions between fatty acid (FA) and one-carbon metabolism may be involved in co-occurrence of major depressive disorder (MDD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), which have been scarcely studied together. In 137 recurrent MDD-patients vs. 73 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, we simultaneously measured key components of one-carbon metabolism in plasma (homocysteine, folate, vitamins B6 and B12), and of FA-metabolism in red blood cell membranes [main polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid (AA) and structural FA-indices (chain length, unsaturation, peroxidation)]. Results show significant positive associations of folate with EPA, DHA, and the peroxidation index, which were similar in patients and controls. After correction for confounders, these associations were lost except for EPA. Associations between B-vitamins and FA-parameters were non-significant, but also similar in patients and controls. Homocysteine and DHA were significantly less negatively associated in patients than in controls. In conclusion, these data indicate similarities but also differences in associations between parameters of one-carbon and FA-metabolism in recurrent MDD patients vs. controls, which may reflect differences in handling of oxidative stress. Further research should test the consequences of these differences, particularly the premature development of CVD in MDD.
authors.affiliation: Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: j.assies@amc.uva.nl.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Assies
authors.affiliation: Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Roel J T
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Mocking
authors.affiliation: Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Arq Psychotrauma Expert Group, Diemen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lok
authors.affiliation: Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maarten W J
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Koeter
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Claudi L H
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bockting
authors.affiliation: Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ieke
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases (CoRPS), Tilburg University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pouwer
authors.affiliation: Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry UMCG, Program for Mood and Anxiety Disorders, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henricus G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Ruhé
authors.affiliation: Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Aart H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Schene
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012008:Recurrence; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000097:blood; D025101:Vitamin B 6 / Q000097:blood; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D006710:Homocysteine; D014803:Vitamin B Complex; D025101:Vitamin B 6; D005492:Folic Acid; D014805:Vitamin B 12
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Chain length; One-carbon cycle; Oxidative stress; Peroxidation index; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Unsaturation index