title: Catatonia and cannabis withdrawal: A case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Catatonia is a severe motor syndrome found in approximately 10% of all acute psychiatric hospital admissions. It can occur in various psychiatric diseases. The authors report the first case report of catatonia during cannabis withdrawal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mr. A, a 32-year-old man, reported to have smoked approximately 20 g of cannabis daily since the age of 11. Mr. A was incarcerated and was reported 3 weeks later to the medical department for having completely ceased talking and eating. At admission in the authors' department, the patient presented with classical catatonia symptoms (Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale [BFCRS] score = 39/69). All laboratory results and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were normal. Six weeks after his admission and treatments by lorazepam and memantine, his BFCRS score was 0/69.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This single case study highlights the previously underreported emergence of physical and motor symptoms following cannabis withdrawal. Pathophysiological aspects of abrupt cannabis cessation contributing to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)/glutamate balance dysregulation and to catatonia are discussed.
authors.affiliation: a Pôle de Psychiatrie, University of Lille, CNRS, CHU LILLE, UMR9193-PsychiC-SCALab , Lille , France.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caudron
authors.affiliation: b Pôle de Psychiatrie, Department of Addiction Medicine - Addiction Consultation Liaison Unit, University of Lille, INSERM, CHU LILLE, U1171 , Lille , France.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rolland
authors.affiliation: c Centre d'Evaluation et d'Information sur la Pharmacodépendance, University of Lille, CHU LILLE , Lille , France.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deheul
authors.affiliation: d INSERM U1144 , Paris , France.|e Université Paris Descartes , UMR-S 1144, Paris , France.|f Université Paris Diderot , UMR-S 1144, Paris , France.|g Pôle Neurosciences, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris (APHP) , Groupe Hospitalier (GH) Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand Widal , Paris , France.
authors.forename: Pierre Alexis
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Geoffroy
authors.affiliation: a Pôle de Psychiatrie, University of Lille, CNRS, CHU LILLE, UMR9193-PsychiC-SCALab , Lille , France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: a Pôle de Psychiatrie, University of Lille, CNRS, CHU LILLE, UMR9193-PsychiC-SCALab , Lille , France.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002389:Catatonia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008140:Lorazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008559:Memantine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008140:Lorazepam; D008559:Memantine
keywords: Cannabis withdrawal; GABA/glutamate balance; catatonia