title: Involvement of prefrontal cortex in scalar implicatures: evidence from magnetoencephalography.
abstract: The present study investigated the neural correlates of the realisation of scalar inferences, i.e., the interpretation ofsomeas meaningsome but not all. We used magnetoencephalography, which has high temporal resolution, to measure neural activity while participants heard stories that included the scalar inference triggersomein contexts that either provide strong cues for a scalar inference or provide weaker cues. The middle portion of the lateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 46) showed an increased response tosomein contexts with fewer cues to the inference, suggesting that this condition elicited greater effort. While the results are not predicted by traditional all-or-nothing accounts of scalar inferencing that assume the process is always automatic or always effortful, they are consistent with more recent gradient accounts which predict that the speed and effort of scalar inferences is strongly modulated by numerous contextual factors.
authors.affiliation: NYUAD Institute, New York University Abu Dhabi , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Politzer-Ahles
authors.affiliation: NYUAD Institute, New York University Abu Dhabi , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gwilliams
keywords: magnetoencephalography; pragmatics; prefrontal cortex; quantifiers; scalar implicature