title: Comparison of data mining and allometric model in estimation of tree biomass.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The traditional method used to estimate tree biomass is allometry. In this method, models are tested and equations fitted by regression usually applying ordinary least squares, though other analogous methods are also used for this purpose. Due to the nature of tree biomass data, the assumptions of regression are not always accomplished, bringing uncertainties to the inferences. This article demonstrates that the Data Mining (DM) technique can be used as an alternative to traditional regression approach to estimate tree biomass in the Atlantic Forest, providing better results than allometry, and demonstrating simplicity, versatility and flexibility to apply to a wide range of conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Various DM approaches were examined regarding distance, number of neighbors and weighting, by using 180 trees coming from environmental restoration plantations in the Atlantic Forest biome. The best results were attained using the Chebishev distance, 1/d weighting and 5 neighbors. Increasing number of neighbors did not improve estimates. We also analyze the effect of the size of data set and number of variables in the results. The complete data set and the maximum number of predicting variables provided the best fitting. We compare DM to Schumacher-Hall model and the results showed a gain of up to 16.5% in reduction of the standard error of estimate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that Data Mining can provide accurate estimates of tree biomass and can be successfully used for this purpose in environmental restoration plantations in the Atlantic Forest. This technique provides lower standard error of estimate than the Schumacher-Hall model and has the advantage of not requiring some statistical assumptions as do the regression models. Flexibility, versatility and simplicity are attributes of DM that corroborates its great potential for similar applications.
authors.affiliation: Forest Science Department, Federal University of Paraná, 900 Lothário Meissner Avenue, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. carlos_sanquetta@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Carlos R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Sanquetta
authors.affiliation: Forest Science Department, Federal University of Paraná, 900 Lothário Meissner Avenue, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. jaimewo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wojciechowski
authors.affiliation: Forest Science Department, Federal University of Paraná, 900 Lothário Meissner Avenue, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. anapaulacorte@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ana P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Dalla Corte
authors.affiliation: Forest Science Department, Federal University of Paraná, 900 Lothário Meissner Avenue, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. alexandre.behling@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Behling
authors.affiliation: Forest Science Department, Federal University of Paraná, 900 Lothário Meissner Avenue, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. sylviopelliconetto@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sylvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Péllico Netto
authors.affiliation: Forest Science Department, Federal University of Paraná, 900 Lothário Meissner Avenue, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. alourencorodrigues@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Aurélio L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Forest Science Department, Federal University of Paraná, 900 Lothário Meissner Avenue, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. mateus.sanquetta@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Mateus N I
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Sanquetta
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D057225:Data Mining / Q000379:methods*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D065928:Forests; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011157:Population Dynamics; D014197:Trees / Q000502:physiology*; D014329:Tropical Climate; D035501:Uncertainty