title: Antioxidant status in women who have had a miscarriage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  During normal pregnancy there is an oxido-reductive balance between action of pro-oxidative factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the total antioxidant status (TAS) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, and the content of selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) in women who have had a miscarriage.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 83 women who had had miscarriages. The control group included 35 women in the first trimester of pregnancy, and 35 pregnant women after childbirth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TAS activity and Cu concentration in serum in women who experienced a miscarriage were significantly lower, but Mn level - higher, than in women in the first trimester of pregnancy. The content of Se, Cu and Mn in placental tissue in patients who have had a miscarriage was significantly higher, while Zn content was lower than in pregnant women at full-term delivery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings, provided in the research, enable us to claim that the total antioxidative status is significantly lower in women who have had a miscarriage. Low level of Zn but high of Mn in the examined biological material may be indicative to the incidence of miscarriage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Wioleta J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Omeljaniuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Socha
authors.affiliation: Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland. Electronic address: bromatos@umb.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Maria H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Borawska
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Angelika E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Charkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Perinatology, Medical University of Bialystok Clinical Hospital, Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laudański
authors.affiliation: Department of Perinatology, Medical University of Bialystok Clinical Hospital, Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kulikowski
authors.affiliation: Division of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, SPZOZ District Hospital in Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kobylec
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000097:blood*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008345:Manganese / Q000097:blood; D012643:Selenium / Q000097:blood; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014131:Trace Elements; D008345:Manganese; D003300:Copper; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D012643:Selenium; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Antioxidant status; Miscarriage; Trace elements