title: Genetic Variation, Heritability, and Diversity Analysis of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes Based on Quantitative Traits.
abstract: Upland rice is important for sustainable crop production to meet future food demands. The expansion in area of irrigated rice faces limitations due to water scarcity resulting from climate change. Therefore, this research aimed to identify potential genotypes and suitable traits of upland rice germplasm for breeding programmes. Forty-three genotypes were evaluated in a randomised complete block design with three replications. All genotypes exhibited a wide and significant variation for 22 traits. The highest phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation was recorded for the number of filled grains/panicle and yields/plant (g). The highest heritability was found for photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂, and number of filled grains/panicle and yields/plant (g). Cluster analysis based on 22 traits grouped the 43 rice genotypes into five clusters. Cluster II was the largest and consisted of 20 genotypes mostly originating from the Philippines. The first four principle components of 22 traits accounted for about 72% of the total variation and indicated a wide variation among the genotypes. The selected best trait of the number of filled grains/panicle and yields/plant (g), which showed high heritability and high genetic advance, could be used as a selection criterion for hybridisation programmes in the future.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Crops, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia ; Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Mst
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tuhina-Khatun
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plantation Crops, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia ; Department of Land Management, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohamed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hanafi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Crops, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rafii Yusop
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Faezah M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Salleh
authors.affiliation: Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Jannatul
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferdous
mesh_terms: D016000:Cluster Analysis; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D040582:Inheritance Patterns / Q000235:genetics*; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D019655:Quantitative Trait, Heritable