title: Innovative production of bio-cellulose using a cell-free system derived from a single cell line.
abstract: The current study was intended to produce bio-cellulose through a cell-free system developed by disrupting Gluconacetobacter hansenii PJK through bead-beating. Microscopic analysis indicated the complete disruption of cells (2.6 × 10(7) cells/mL) in 20 min that added 95.12 μg/mL protein, 1.63 mM ATP, and 1.11 mM NADH into the medium. A liquid chromatography mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry linear trap quadrupole (LC-MS/MS LTQ) Orbitrap analysis of cell-lysate confirmed the presence of all key enzymes for bio-cellulose synthesis. Under static conditions at 30 °C, microbial and cell-free systems produced 3.78 and 3.72 g/L cellulose, corresponding to 39.62 and 57.68% yield, respectively after 15 days. The improved yield based on consumed glucose indicated the superiority of cell-free system. Based on current findings and literature, we hypothesized a synthetic pathway for bio-cellulose synthesis in the cell-free system. This approach can overcome some limitations of cellulose-producing cells and offers a wider scope for synthesizing cellulose composites with bactericidal elements through in situ synthesizing approaches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Muhammad Wajid
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Ullah
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah 211, Oman.
authors.forename: Mazhar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ul-Islam
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Shaukat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: parkjk@knu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Joong Kon
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D002474:Cell-Free System / Q000378:metabolism*; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism*; D041821:Gluconacetobacter / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D007218:Industrial Microbiology / Q000379:methods; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D002482:Cellulose; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Bio-cellulose synthetic pathway; Cell-free system; Cofactors; Gluconacetobacter hansenii PJK