title: Assessment of the lung toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles: current status.
abstract: Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are being used in several industrial and commercial products. Inhalation is one of the most significant routes of metal oxide NP exposure. Hence, the toxicity of CuO NPs in lung tissues is of great concern. In vitro studies have indicated that CuO NPs induce cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and genetic toxicity in cultivated human lung cells. Leaching of Cu ions, reactive oxygen species generation and autophagy appear to be the underlying mechanisms of Cu NP toxicity in lung cells. In vivo studies on the lung toxicity of CuO NPs are largely lacking. Some studies have shown that intratracheal instillation of CuO NPs induced oxidative stress, inflammation and neoplastic lesions in rats. This review critically assessed the current findings of the toxicity of CuO NPs in the lung.
authors.affiliation: King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Maqusood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahamed
authors.affiliation: King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohd Javed
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Akhtar
authors.affiliation: King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.|Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hisham A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Alhadlaq
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Salman A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Alrokayan
mesh_terms: D001343:Autophagy; D002460:Cell Line; D003300:Copper / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress
chemical_list: D003300:Copper; C030973:cupric oxide
keywords: Cu ions; ROS; apoptosis; autophagy; copper oxide nanoparticles; lung toxicity; oxidative stress