title: CXCL7-induced macrophage infiltration in lung tumor is independent of CXCR2 expression: CXCL7-induced macrophage chemotaxis in LLC tumors.
abstract: Chemokines play diverse roles in modulating the immune response during tumor development. Levels of CXC chemokine ligand 7 (CXCL7) protein vary during tumorigenesis, and the evidence suggests that this chemokine serves as a novel biomarker of early-stage lung cancer. We investigated the effect of CXCL7 gene expression on the infiltration of myeloid cells into the tumor microenvironment in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC). Tumors established from LLC cells overexpressing CXCL7 (CXCL7-LLC tumors) increased the infiltration of CD206(+) M2 macrophages at the early stages of tumorigenesis. This infiltration was independent of CXCR2 expression on either tumor cells or macrophages. CXCL7-LLC tumors developed faster than control-LLC tumors (IRES-LLC tumor) did. The extent of CD4(+) T cell, CD8(+) T cell, and natural killer T cell infiltration was similar between the two tumor groups. Our findings suggest that CXCL7 attracts macrophages especially at the tumor site and may accelerate lung tumor development in the early stages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Oncology, Cancer Institute, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: NUnver@mdanderson.org.
authors.forename: Nese
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Unver
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Oncology, Cancer Institute, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gunes
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Esendagli
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Guldal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Oncology, Cancer Institute, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Dicle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guc
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018827:Carcinoma, Lewis Lung / Q000276:immunology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000276:immunology*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000378:metabolism; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D000090323:Mannose Receptor; D037241:Mannose-Binding Lectins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D055611:Natural Killer T-Cells / Q000276:immunology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D023063:Receptors, Interleukin-8B / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; C446301:Cxcl7 protein, mouse; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D000090323:Mannose Receptor; D037241:Mannose-Binding Lectins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D023063:Receptors, Interleukin-8B
keywords: CXCL7; LLC; Lung cancer; Macrophage; Neutrophil