title: Antibacterial Action of Nitric Oxide-Releasing Chitosan Oligosaccharides against Pseudomonas aeruginosa under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions.
abstract: Chitosan oligosaccharides were modified with N-diazeniumdiolates to yield biocompatible nitric oxide (NO) donor scaffolds. The minimum bactericidal concentrations and MICs of the NO donors against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were compared under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Differential antibacterial activities were primarily the result of NO scavenging by oxygen under aerobic environments and not changes in bacterial physiology. Bacterial killing was also tested against nonmucoid and mucoid biofilms and compared to that of tobramycin. Smaller NO payloads were required to eradicate P. aeruginosa biofilms under anaerobic versus aerobic conditions. Under oxygen-free environments, the NO treatment was 10-fold more effective at killing biofilms than tobramycin. These results demonstrate the potential utility of NO-releasing chitosan oligosaccharides under both aerobic and anaerobic environments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Katelyn P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Reighard
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA schoenfisch@unc.edu.
authors.forename: Mark H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Schoenfisch
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D048271:Chitosan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000494:pharmacology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D014031:Tobramycin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001391:Azo Compounds; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; C452539:diazeniumdiolate; C046129:mucoid exopolysaccharide (P aeruginosa); D009569:Nitric Oxide; D048271:Chitosan; D010100:Oxygen; D014031:Tobramycin