title: Dual dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of phenylpropenes in oils by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: A novel, simple and quick sample preparation method was developed and used for pre-concentration and extraction of six phenylpropenes, including anethole, estragole, eugenol, methyl eugenol, safrole and myristicin, from oil samples by dual dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for determination and separation of compounds. Several experimental parameters affecting extraction efficiency were evaluated and optimized, including forward-extractant type and volume, surfactant type and concentration, water volume, and back-extractant type and volume. For all analytes (10-1000ng/mL), the limits of detection (S/N≧3) ranged from 1.0 to 3.0ng/mL; the limits of quantification (S/N≧10) ranged from 2.5 to 10.0ng/mL; and enrichment factors ranged from 3.2 to 37.1 times. Within-run and between-run relative standard deviations (n=6) were less than 2.61% and less than 4.33%, respectively. Linearity was excellent with determination coefficients (r(2)) above 0.9977. The experiments showed that the proposed method is a simple, effective, and environmentally friendly method of analyzing phenylpropenes in oil samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Ju
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan. Electronic address: jhlitox@kmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Jih-Heng
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. Electronic address: chfeng@kmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chia-Hsien
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000475:Alkenes / Q000032:analysis*; D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000475:Alkenes; D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D010938:Plant Oils; D014867:Water
keywords: Dual dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction; Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; Oil samples; Phenylpropenes