title: Current management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: Surgery, current biomarkers, mutations, and therapy.
abstract: In the past decade, the addition of molecular diagnosis of mutations and use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), either as neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy with surgery or as primary therapy in nonresectable gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), has improved patient outcomes markedly. Additional therapeutics also are on the horizon. The goal of this review is to identify the current incidence, diagnostic modalities, and trends in personalizing the medical and operative management for patients with GIST. Medline, PubMed, and Google scholar were queried for recently published literature regarding new molecular mechanisms, targeted therapies, and clinical trials investigating the treatment of GIST. The objective of this review is to highlight the biomarkers under development, newly discovered mutations, and newer therapies targeting specific mutational phenotypes which are continually improving the outlook for patients with this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.
authors.forename: Nakul
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Valsangkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.
authors.forename: Amikar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sehdev
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Amarillo, TX.
authors.forename: Subhasis
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.
authors.forename: Teresa A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Zimmers
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Amarillo, TX.
authors.forename: Bert H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: O'Neil
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN. Electronic address: lkoniari@iupui.edu.
authors.forename: Leonidas G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Koniaris
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D046152:Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors