title: Sex-Specific Changes in Renal Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Gene Expression and Enzyme Activity at Birth and Over the First Year of Life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) are key enzymes of the renin-angiotensin system. We investigated developmental changes in renal ACE and ACE2 gene expression and activity in both male and female sheep.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups of sheep (fetus, newborn, and adult) were used. Renal ACE and ACE2 activities, messenger RNA (mRNA), and protein expression were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Renal ACE and ACE2 activities increased at 1 year in males, while there were no changes throughout development in females. Renal ACE and ACE2 mRNA and protein showed no sex differences but increased by 1 year of age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are sex-related differences in the development of renal-converting enzyme activities that may have functional implications in terms of the regulation of blood pressure and renal function in men and women. The difference in the patterns of gene expression and enzyme activity indicates that changes in gene expression may not accurately reflect changes in activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA Center of Research for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Jianli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA Center of Research for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Yixin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chappell
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA Center of Research for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA jimrose@wfubmc.edu.
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rose
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A
keywords: angiotensin-converting enzyme; angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; kidney; renin–angiotensin system; sex