title: Gibbs ringing in diffusion MRI.
abstract: To study and reduce the effect of Gibbs ringing artifact on computed diffusion parameters.
  
  
  
  We reduce the ringing by extrapolating the k-space of each diffusion weighted image beyond the measured part by selecting an adequate regularization term. We evaluate several regularization terms and tune the regularization parameter to find the best compromise between anatomical accuracy of the reconstructed image and suppression of the Gibbs artifact.
  
  
  
  We demonstrate empirically and analytically that the Gibbs artifact, which is typically observed near sharp edges in magnetic resonance images, has a significant impact on the quantification of diffusion model parameters, even for infinitesimal diffusion weighting. We find the second order total generalized variation to be a good choice for the penalty term to regularize the extrapolation of the k-space, as it provides a parsimonious representation of images, a practically full suppression of Gibbs ringing, and the absence of staircasing artifacts typical for total variation methods.
  
  
  
  Regularized extrapolation of the k-space data significantly reduces truncation artifacts without compromising spatial resolution in comparison to the default option of window filtering. In particular, accuracy of estimating diffusion tensor imaging and diffusion kurtosis imaging parameters improves so much that unconstrained fits become possible. Magn Reson Med 76:301-314, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.|Department of Physics, iMinds-Vision Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Veraart
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Els
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fieremans
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Ileana O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Jelescu
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Knoll
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Dmitry S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Novikov
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D009991:Oscillometry / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
keywords: diffusion kurtosis imaging; diffusion tensor imaging; extrapolation; total variation; truncation artifact