title: Community Surveillance of Respiratory Viruses Among Families in the Utah Better Identification of Germs-Longitudinal Viral Epidemiology (BIG-LoVE) Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study: (1) describes the viral etiology of respiratory illness by prospectively collecting weekly symptom diaries and nasal swabs from families for 1 year, (2) analyzed data by reported symptoms, virus, age, and family composition, and (3) evaluated the duration of virus detection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six households (108 individuals) provided concurrent symptom and nasal swab data for 4166 person-weeks. The FilmArray polymerase chain reaction (PCR) platform (BioFire Diagnostics, LLC) was used to detect 16 respiratory viruses. Viral illnesses were defined as ≥1 consecutive weeks with the same virus detected with symptoms reported in ≥1 week.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants reported symptoms in 23% and a virus was detected in 26% of person-weeks. Children younger than 5 years reported symptoms more often and were more likely to have a virus detected than older participants (odds ratio [OR] 2.47, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.08-2.94 and OR 3.96, 95% CI, 3.35-4.70, respectively). Compared with single person households, individuals living with children experienced 3 additional weeks of virus detection. There were 783 viral detection episodes; 440 (56%) associated with symptoms. Coronaviruses, human metapneumovirus, and influenza A detections were usually symptomatic; bocavirus and rhinovirus detections were often asymptomatic. The mean duration of PCR detection was ≤2 weeks for all viruses and detections of ≥3 weeks occurred in 16% of episodes. Younger children had longer durations of PCR detection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Viral detection is often asymptomatic and occasionally prolonged, especially for bocavirus and rhinovirus. In clinical settings, the interpretation of positive PCR tests, particularly in young children and those who live with them, may be confounded.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics.
authors.forename: Carrie L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Byington
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics.
authors.forename: Krow
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ampofo
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stockmann
authors.affiliation: Biology Mathematics, University of Utah.
authors.forename: Frederick R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herbener
authors.affiliation: BioFire Diagnostics, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Trent
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics.
authors.forename: Anne J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Blaschke
authors.affiliation: BioFire Diagnostics, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Crisp
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics.
authors.forename: Andrew T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Pavia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D058345:Asymptomatic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014589:Utah / Q000453:epidemiology; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D014780:Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: PCR; children; infectious diseases; respiratory viruses; rhinovirus