title: Kidney Function and Cerebral Blood Flow: The Rotterdam Study.
abstract: CKD is linked with various brain disorders. Whereas brain integrity is dependent on cerebral perfusion, the association between kidney function and cerebral blood flow has yet to be determined. This study was performed in the framework of the population-based Rotterdam Study and included 2645 participants with mean age of 56.6 years (45% men). We used eGFR and albumin-to-creatinine ratio to assess kidney function and performed phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging of basilar and carotid arteries to measure cerebral blood flow. Participants had an average (SD) eGFR of 86.3 (13.4) ml/min per 1.73 m(2) and a median (interquartile range) albumin-to-creatinine ratio of 3.4 (2.2-6.1) mg/g. In age- and sex-adjusted models, a higher albumin-to-creatinine ratio was associated with lower cerebral blood flow level (difference in cerebral blood flow [milliliters per minute per 100 ml] per doubling of the albumin-to-creatinine ratio, -0.31; 95% confidence interval, -0.58 to -0.03). The association was not present after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors (P=0.10). Each 1 SD lower eGFR was associated with 0.42 ml/min per 100 ml lower cerebral blood flow (95% confidence interval, 0.01 to 0.83) adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors. Thus, in this population-based study, we observed that lower eGFR is independently associated with lower cerebral blood flow.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Epidemiology.
authors.forename: Sanaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sedaghat
authors.affiliation: Departments of Epidemiology, Radiology, and.
authors.forename: Meike W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Vernooij
authors.affiliation: Departments of Epidemiology.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Loehrer
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Francesco U S
authors.initials: FU
authors.lastname: Mattace-Raso
authors.affiliation: Departments of Epidemiology.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.affiliation: Radiology, and.
authors.forename: Aad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van der Lugt
authors.affiliation: Departments of Epidemiology.
authors.forename: Oscar H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: Departments of Epidemiology.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dehghan
authors.affiliation: Departments of Epidemiology, Radiology, and Neurology and m.a.ikram@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: M Arfan
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ikram
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000652:urine; D001488:Basilar Artery; D002339:Carotid Arteries; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000097:blood; D003704:Dementia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D055316:Cystatin C; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: GFR; albuminuria; cerebral blood flow; clinical epidemiology