title: New formamidine ligands and their mixed ligand palladium(II) oxalate complexes: Synthesis, characterization, DFT calculations and in vitro cytotoxicity.
abstract: A series of new ternary palladium(II) complexes of the type [Pd(L1-4)ox]·xH2O where L=formamidine ligands and ox=oxalate, were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, magnetic susceptibility, UV-Vis, infrared (IR) and mass spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The spectroscopic data indicated that the formamidine ligands act as bidentate N2 donors and the oxalate as O2 ligand. The complexes (1-4) are diamagnetic and the optimization of their structures indicated that the geometry is distorted square planer with O-Pd-O and N-Pd-N bond angles ranged 82.70-83.87° and 88.21-95.02°; respectively which is acceptable for the heteroleptic complexes. The dipole moment of the complexes (13.97-18.77Debye) indicating that the complexes are more polarized than the ligands (1.93-4.96Debye). The complexes are thermally stable as shown from their relatively higher overall activation energies (441-688kJmol(-1)). The ligands and the complexes are proved to have good cytotoxicity with IC50 (μM) in the range of (0.011-0.168) against MCF-7, (0.012-0.150) against HCT-116, (0.042-0.094) against PC-3 and (0.006-0.222) against HepG-2 cell lines, which open the field for further application as antitumor compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt. Electronic address: ahmedsoliman61@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ahmed A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Soliman
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt; College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Anbar University, Fallujah, Iraq.
authors.forename: Othman I
authors.initials: OI
authors.lastname: Alajrawy
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: Fawzy A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Attabi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohamed R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Shaaban
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-AC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Linert
mesh_terms: D000578:Amidines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D056831:Coordination Complexes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D010070:Oxalates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000578:Amidines; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D056831:Coordination Complexes; D008024:Ligands; D010070:Oxalates; C077922:formamidine; D010165:Palladium
keywords: Antitumor complexes; Formamidine; Oxalate; Ternary Pd(II) complexes