title: Estrogen deficiency heterogeneously affects tissue specific stem cells in mice.
abstract: Postmenopausal disorders are frequently observed in various organs, but their relationship with estrogen deficiency and mechanisms remain unclear. As tissue-specific stem cells have been found to express estrogen receptors, we examined the hypothesis that estrogen deficiency impairs stem cells, which consequently contributes to postmenopausal disorders. Six-week-old C57BL/6 female mice were ovariectomized, following which they received 17β-estradiol replacement or vehicle (control). Sham-operated mice were used as healthy controls. All mice were killed for evaluation 2 months after treatments. Compared with the healthy control, ovariectomy significantly decreased uterine weight, which was partially recovered by 17β-estradiol replacement. Ovariectomy significantly increased the numbers of c-kit-positive hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in bone marrow, but impaired their capacity to grow mixed cell-type colonies in vitro. Estrogen replacement further increased the numbers of c-kit-positive hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in bone marrow, without significantly affecting colony growth in vitro. The number of CD105-positive mesenchymal stem cells in bone marrow also significantly decreased after ovariectomy, but completely recovered following estrogen replacement. Otherwise, neither ovariectomy nor estrogen replacement changed the number of Pax7-positive satellite cells, which are a skeletal muscle-type stem cell. Estrogen deficiency heterogeneously affected tissue-specific stem cells, suggesting a likely and direct relationship with postmenopausal disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitajima
authors.affiliation: Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
authors.forename: Hanako
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.affiliation: Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.affiliation: Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshishige
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Urata
authors.affiliation: Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitajima
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyonori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.affiliation: Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
authors.forename: Tao-Sheng
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masuzaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000378:metabolism; D004967:Estrogens / Q000172:deficiency*; D005260:Female; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D010052:Ovariectomy; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000378:metabolism; D032496:Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D004967:Estrogens