title: [Simulation and Observation of Vertical Cast-off Bloodstain Pattern].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the characteristics of vertical cast-off bloodstain pattern by different hitting-tools.
  
  
  METHODS
  The regular hitting tools, a kitchen knife, a dirk, a plane set-hammer and an iron pipe, were selected. At a distance of 30 cm away from the wall, the hitting tool with 5 mL fresh chicken blood made the cast-off bloodstain from top to bottom. Then the holistic distribution characteristics (length, width and density) of cast-off bloodstain and morphology characteristics (length, width and contact angle) of first single cast-off bloodstain were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution length of cast-off bloodstain formed by dirk was minimum (P < 0.05). The distribution width of cast-off bloodstain formed by kitchen knife was minimum (P < 0.05). Except the pair of kitchen knife and plane set-hammer, the distribution density between each two tools had statistical differences (P < 0.05). The length of first single cast-off bloodstain formed by plane set-hammer was longest compared (P < 0.05). The width of first single cast-off bloodstain had statistical differences between kitchen knife and plane set-hammer, and between dirk and plane set-hammer (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The type of hitting tool could be inferred by the specific characteristics of cast-off bloodstain pattern formed by every specific type of hitting tool in crime scene.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ming-fang
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Hai-ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Jian-ding
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D001801:Blood Stains; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003415:Crime; D044709:Forensic Ballistics / Q000379:methods*; D005554:Forensic Medicine / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans