title: Lifestyle intervention might easily improve blood pressure in hypertensive men with the C genotype of angiotensin II type 2 receptor gene.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies have reported an association of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) 3123Cytosine/Adenine (3123C/A) polymorphism with essential hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether the AT2R 3123C/A polymorphism affects blood pressure for free-living hypertensive men during a 5-month intervention period.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were free-living hypertensive Japanese men aged 40 to 75 years who agreed to intervention in the period from 2004 to 2011. Detection of the AT2R 3123C/A polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction. The dietary intervention was designed to decrease salt level and to increase potassium level through cooking instructions and self-monitoring of the diet. The exercise session consisted of activities such as stretching, resistance training, and walking. Blood pressure, urinary sodium and potassium excretion, dietary and lifestyle data, and non-fasting venous blood sample were collected at baseline and after the intervention period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty nine subjects were eligible for participation and the follow-up rate was 97.4%. The C allele proportion was 57.9%. AT2R 3123C/A polymorphism was X-chromosome-linked, therefore we analyzed the C and A genotypes. At baseline, no significant differences were observed between the genotype groups. After the intervention, there were no significant differences in lifestyle habit between the groups. Nevertheless, the estimated salt excretion (g/day) was significantly decreased only in the C genotype (13.0-10.3, P = 0.031). No significant change was observed in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (mmHg) in the A genotype, but a significant decrease was observed in the C genotype (150.0-141.5, P = 0.024).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the C genotype, it might be easy to improve SBP through lifestyle intervention in free-living hypertensive Japanese men, however generalization could not be achieved by the small sample size.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Kyoto Koka Women's University, 38 Kadono-cho, Nishikyogoku, Ukyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-0882, Japan. ; Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitaoka
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Azusa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kitade
authors.affiliation: Health Promotion Division, Higashiosaka City Public Health Office, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nagaoka
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine and Diabetes Education, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kokoro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuzaki
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyomi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Aoi
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Sayori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine and Diabetes Education, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakane
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Akane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Higashi
keywords: AT2R gene; blood pressure; hypertensive men; lifestyle modification; salt excretion