title: The Biomechanics of Cranial Forces During Figure Skating Spinning Elements.
abstract: Several facets of figure skating, such as the forces associated with jumping and landing, have been evaluated, but a comprehensive biomechanical understanding of the cranial forces associated with spinning has yet to be explored. The purpose of this case study was to quantify the cranial rotational acceleration forces generated during spinning elements. This case report was an observational, biomechanical analysis of a healthy, senior-level, female figure skating athlete who is part of an on-going study. A triaxial accelerometer recorded the gravitational forces (G) during seven different spinning elements. Our results found that the layback spin generated significant cranial force and these forces were greater than any of the other spin elements recorded. These forces led to physical findings of ruptured capillaries, dizziness, and headaches in our participant.
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Regina O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Kostyun
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Solomito
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry / Q000379:methods; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002196:Capillaries / Q000293:injuries; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000098:blood supply; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004244:Dizziness / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D012861:Skating / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology; D013178:Sports Medicine / Q000379:methods; D019415:Torque; D055815:Young Adult