title: Low-lycopene containing tomato powder diet does not protect against prostate cancer in TRAMP mice.
abstract: Previously, tomato powder (TP) diets initiated postweaning have been shown to be effective in reducing prostate cancer in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. The TRAMP model develops and progresses through all stages of carcinogenesis similarly to humans. We hypothesized that a 10% TP diet intervention after puberty would reduce carcinogenesis at 12, 16, and 20 weeks of age in TRAMP mice. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 X FVB F1 TRAMP mice were randomized to consume either an AIN-93G + 10% TP diet (n = 90) or the AIN-93G control diet (n = 88) and randomized to 1 of 3 end point ages: 12 (n = 59), 16 (n = 60), or 20 (n = 59) weeks of age. There was no difference between diets in overall cancer incidence at any time point. However, at 16 weeks of age, TP significantly increased high-grade PIN (P = .014) and significantly decreased poorly differentiated (P = .024) lesions compared with the control diet suggesting a delay in the progression of prostate cancer. Two variables that may explain the modest effect of TP in this study are as follows: the low amount of lycopene in the TP diet (12.3 ppm) and the timing of the intervention (8 weeks of age). The TP diet contained 30-fold less lycopene than previous studies in our laboratory. In addition, the initiation of the diet intervention time of 8 weeks of age instead of 4 weeks of age may have been too late in cancer progression to substantially impact carcinogenesis. In conclusion, a low-lycopene TP intervention failed to reduce carcinogenesis in TRAMP mice.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 905 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Conlon
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 905 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S. Lincoln Avenue, Urbana IL 61802, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wallig
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 905 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 905 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Electronic address: jwerdman@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Erdman
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D004032:Diet; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D057141:Food, Preserved; D000077276:Lycopene; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012741:Sexual Maturation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D002338:Carotenoids; D000077276:Lycopene
keywords: Cancer; Diet; Lycopene; Mice; Prostate; TRAMP; Tomato