title: Quantitative Trait Loci for Salinity Tolerance Identified under Drained and Waterlogged Conditions and Their Association with Flowering Time in Barley (Hordeum vulgare. L).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting crop production via adverse effects of osmotic stress, specific ion toxicity, and stress-related nutritional disorders. Detrimental effects of salinity are also often exacerbated by low oxygen availability when plants are grown under waterlogged conditions. Developing salinity-tolerant varieties is critical to overcome these problems, and molecular marker assisted selection can make breeding programs more effective.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, a double haploid (DH) population consisting of 175 lines, derived from a cross between a Chinese barley variety Yangsimai 1 (YSM1) and an Australian malting barley variety Gairdner, was used to construct a high density molecular map which contained more than 8,000 Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) markers and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Salinity tolerance of parental and DH lines was evaluated under drained (SalinityD) and waterlogged (SalinityW) conditions at two different sowing times.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three quantitative trait loci (QTL) located on chromosome 1H, single QTL located on chromosomes 1H, 2H, 4H, 5H and 7H, were identified to be responsible for salinity tolerance under different environments. Waterlogging stress, daylight length and temperature showed significant effects on barley salinity tolerance. The QTL for salinity tolerance mapped on chromosomes 4H and 7H, QSlwd.YG.4H, QSlwd.YG.7H and QSlww.YG.7H were only identified in winter trials, while the QTL on chromosome 2H QSlsd.YG.2H and QSlsw.YG.2H were only detected in summer trials. Genes associated with flowering time were found to pose significant effects on the salinity QTL mapped on chromosomes 2H and 5H in summer trials. Given the fact that the QTL for salinity tolerance QSlsd.YG.1H and QSlww.YG.1H-1 reported here have never been considered in the literature, this warrants further investigation and evaluation for suitability to be used in breeding programs.
authors.affiliation: Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture and School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, P.O. Box 46, Kings Meadows, TAS, 7249, Australia.
authors.forename: Yanling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture and School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, P.O. Box 46, Kings Meadows, TAS, 7249, Australia.
authors.forename: Sergey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shabala
authors.affiliation: Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.
authors.forename: Chengdao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Plant Industry, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia.
authors.forename: Chunji
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wenying
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, P.R. China; Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture and School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, P.O. Box 46, Kings Meadows, TAS, 7249, Australia.
authors.forename: Meixue
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant; D035264:Flowers / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D006238:Haploidy; D001467:Hordeum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011188:Potassium / Q000032:analysis; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D054712:Salinity; D055049:Salt Tolerance / Q000235:genetics*; D012621:Seasons; D012964:Sodium / Q000032:analysis; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium