title: Educational mismatch and mortality among native-born workers in Sweden. A 19-year longitudinal study of 2.5 million over-educated, matched and under-educated individuals, 1990-2008.
abstract: This study tests the hypothesis that a disjuncture between an individual's attained level of education and that held by average workers in the individual's occupation leads to higher mortality among those with a prolonged mismatched status. Swedish register data are used in a 19-year longitudinal mortality follow-up study of all causes and specific causes of mortality. Participants were all men and women born between 1926 and 1985 who were alive on 1 September 1990, who had concurrent information on their attained level of education and the specific occupation or industry they were employed in during this period for at least a consecutive year. An objective measure of educational and occupational mismatch was constructed from these data. Those with a stable, over-educated matched, or under-educated employment status are included in the final analysis (N = 2,482,696). Independent of social, family, employers' characteristics and prior health problems, the findings from a multivariate, stratified Cox regression analysis suggest there is excessive mortality among the over-educated, and a protective effect of under-education among native-born Swedish men and women.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anthony M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Garcy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004522:Educational Status; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D009790:Occupations / Q000191:economics; D012962:Sociology, Medical; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: educational mismatch; mortality; over-education; status incongruence; under-education