title: Screening commercial drivers for obstructive sleep apnea: translation and validation of Serbian version of Berlin Questionnaire.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can lead to severe health consequences. Drivers of motor vehicles with untreated or undiagnosed OSA have a greater risk of traffic accidents. Use of self-reported questionnaires is the first step in OSA diagnosis. The main aim of this study was to perform the translation and validation of Berlin Questionnaire in a sample of commercial drivers.
  
  
  METHODS
  After formal translation, validation was performed on a sample of commercial drivers and included evaluation of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct and criterion validity. Full-night attended polysomnography or cardiorespiratory polygraphy was used for OSA diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred male participants, 24-62 years old, were included. Berlin Questionnaire classified 35 % subjects as potential OSA patients. Polysomnography confirmed OSA in 58 % of the subjects. Berlin Questionnaire showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.82-first category, 0.73-0.95-second category). Test-retest reliability (Cohen's kappa 0.78) was adequate. Berlin score was significantly correlated with OSA category and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Sensitivity of Berlin Questionnaire was from 50.9 (AHI ≥ 5) to 75 % (AHI ≥ 30), while specificity ranged from 86 to 70.5 %.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Berlin Questionnaire (Serbian version) showed good measurement properties, creating basis for further research of its usefulness as OSA screening tool in populations of interest.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 8, Belgrade, Serbia. popevic.martin@gmail.com.|Department for Occupational Physiology and Hygiene, Serbian Institute of Occupational Health, Deligradska 29, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia. popevic.martin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Martin B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Popević
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 8, Belgrade, Serbia.|Clinic for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Anđela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milovanović
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 8, Belgrade, Serbia.|Clinic for Pulmonology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Ljudmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nagorni-Obradović
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Višegradska st. 26/II, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Dejan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nešić
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 8, Belgrade, Serbia.|Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Pasterova 2, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Jovica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Milovanović
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 8, Belgrade, Serbia.|Department for Diagnostics and Treatment of Occupational and Work Related Diseases, Serbian Institute of Occupational Health, Deligradska 29, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Aleksandar P S
authors.initials: APS
authors.lastname: Milovanović
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000328:Adult; D001604:Berlin; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D017286:Polysomnography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012306:Risk; D057566:Self Report; D055771:Serbia; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Obstructive; Questionnaires; Sleep apnea; Validation studies