title: Simultaneous fingerprint and high-wavenumber fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy improves in vivo diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma at endoscopy.
abstract: This work aims to evaluate clinical value of a fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy technique developed for in vivo diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) during clinical endoscopy. We have developed a rapid fiber-optic Raman endoscopic system capable of simultaneously acquiring both fingerprint (FP)(800-1800 cm(-1)) and high-wavenumber (HW)(2800-3600 cm(-1)) Raman spectra from esophageal tissue in vivo. A total of 1172 in vivo FP/HW Raman spectra were acquired from 48 esophageal patients undergoing endoscopic examination. The total Raman dataset was split into two parts: 80% for training; while 20% for testing. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and leave-one patient-out, cross validation (LOPCV) were implemented on training dataset to develop diagnostic algorithms for tissue classification. PLS-DA-LOPCV shows that simultaneous FP/HW Raman spectroscopy on training dataset provides a diagnostic sensitivity of 97.0% and specificity of 97.4% for ESCC classification. Further, the diagnostic algorithm applied to the independent testing dataset based on simultaneous FP/HW Raman technique gives a predictive diagnostic sensitivity of 92.7% and specificity of 93.6% for ESCC identification, which is superior to either FP or HW Raman technique alone. This work demonstrates that the simultaneous FP/HW fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy technique improves real-time in vivo diagnosis of esophageal neoplasia at endoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Optical Bioimaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576.
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Optical Bioimaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576.
authors.forename: Kan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Optical Bioimaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119260.
authors.forename: Khek Yu
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119074.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teh
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119260.
authors.forename: Khay Guan
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Yeoh
authors.affiliation: Optical Bioimaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576.
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D004724:Endoscopy; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D000077277:Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006801:Humans; D012372:ROC Curve; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman