title: High Job Demands, Job Strain, and Iso-Strain are Risk Factors for Sick Leave due to Mental Disorders: A Prospective Swedish Twin Study With a 5-Year Follow-Up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether psychosocial work environment and health behaviors are risk factors for sick leave due to mental disorders, and whether familial confounding (genetics and shared environment) explains the associations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Respondents (n = 11,729), given to complete a questionnaire in 2004 to 2006, were followed up approximately 5 years for sick leave spells due to mental disorders, using national registry data. Data were analyzed using logistic regression, and conditional logistic regression for twin pairs discordant for sick leave (cotwin control).
  
  
  RESULTS
  High job demands, job strain, and iso-strain were independent risk factors for sick leave due to mental disorders. Familial factors seem to be of importance in the associations between job support, smoking, a combination of unhealthy behaviors and sick leave.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improving the psychosocial work environment may be effective in preventing sick leave due to mental disorders.
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Insurance Medicine (Ms Mather, and Drs Blom and Svedberg), Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Division of Intervention and Implementation Research (Dr Bergström), Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Dr Bergström), Stockholm County Council; and The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (Dr Blom), Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mather
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bergström
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Blom
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Svedberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018582:Sick Leave; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology*