title: EARLY SENESCENCE1 Encodes a SCAR-LIKE PROTEIN2 That Affects Water Loss in Rice.
abstract: The global problem of drought threatens agricultural production and constrains the development of sustainable agricultural practices. In plants, excessive water loss causes drought stress and induces early senescence. In this study, we isolated a rice (Oryza sativa) mutant, designated as early senescence1 (es1), which exhibits early leaf senescence. The es1-1 leaves undergo water loss at the seedling stage (as reflected by whitening of the leaf margin and wilting) and display early senescence at the three-leaf stage. We used map-based cloning to identify ES1, which encodes a SCAR-LIKE PROTEIN2, a component of the suppressor of cAMP receptor/Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family verprolin-homologous complex involved in actin polymerization and function. The es1-1 mutants exhibited significantly higher stomatal density. This resulted in excessive water loss and accelerated water flow in es1-1, also enhancing the water absorption capacity of the roots and the water transport capacity of the stems as well as promoting the in vivo enrichment of metal ions cotransported with water. The expression of ES1 is higher in the leaves and leaf sheaths than in other tissues, consistent with its role in controlling water loss from leaves. GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN-ES1 fusion proteins were ubiquitously distributed in the cytoplasm of plant cells. Collectively, our data suggest that ES1 is important for regulating water loss in rice.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China (Y.R., Y.Y., J.X., Y.L., L.D., L.H., G.S., D.R., J.H., L.G., D.Z.);College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China (Y.R., X.L., J.P.); andKey Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China (Y.Y., J.X.).
authors.forename: Yuchun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China (Y.R., Y.Y., J.X., Y.L., L.D., L.H., G.S., D.R., J.H., L.G., D.Z.);College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China (Y.R., X.L., J.P.); andKey Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China (Y.Y., J.X.).
authors.forename: Yaolong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China (Y.R., Y.Y., J.X., Y.L., L.D., L.H., G.S., D.R., J.H., L.G., D.Z.);College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China (Y.R., X.L., J.P.); andKey Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China (Y.Y., J.X.).
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China (Y.R., Y.Y., J.X., Y.L., L.D., L.H., G.S., D.R., J.H., L.G., D.Z.);College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China (Y.R., X.L., J.P.); andKey Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China (Y.Y., J.X.).
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China (Y.R., Y.Y., J.X., Y.L., L.D., L.H., G.S., D.R., J.H., L.G., D.Z.);College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China (Y.R., X.L., J.P.); andKey Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China (Y.Y., J.X.).
authors.forename: Yujia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Leng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China (Y.R., Y.Y., J.X., Y.L., L.D., L.H., G.S., D.R., J.H., L.G., D.Z.);College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China (Y.R., X.L., J.P.); andKey Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China (Y.Y., J.X.).
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China (Y.R., Y.Y., J.X., Y.L., L.D., L.H., G.S., D.R., J.H., L.G., D.Z.);College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China (Y.R., X.L., J.P.); andKey Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China (Y.Y., J.X.).
authors.forename: Lichao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China (Y.R., Y.Y., J.X., Y.L., L.D., L.H., G.S., D.R., J.H., L.G., D.Z.);College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China (Y.R., X.L., J.P.); andKey Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China (Y.Y., J.X.).
authors.forename: Guosheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China (Y.R., Y.Y., J.X., Y.L., L.D., L.H., G.S., D.R., J.H., L.G., D.Z.);College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China (Y.R., X.L., J.P.); andKey Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China (Y.Y., J.X.).
authors.forename: Deyong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China (Y.R., Y.Y., J.X., Y.L., L.D., L.H., G.S., D.R., J.H., L.G., D.Z.);College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China (Y.R., X.L., J.P.); andKey Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China (Y.Y., J.X.).
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China (Y.R., Y.Y., J.X., Y.L., L.D., L.H., G.S., D.R., J.H., L.G., D.Z.);College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China (Y.R., X.L., J.P.); andKey Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China (Y.Y., J.X.).
authors.forename: Longbiao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China (Y.R., Y.Y., J.X., Y.L., L.D., L.H., G.S., D.R., J.H., L.G., D.Z.);College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China (Y.R., X.L., J.P.); andKey Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China (Y.Y., J.X.).
authors.forename: Jianwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China (Y.R., Y.Y., J.X., Y.L., L.D., L.H., G.S., D.R., J.H., L.G., D.Z.);College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China (Y.R., X.L., J.P.); andKey Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China (Y.Y., J.X.) dalizeng@126.com.
authors.forename: Dali
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2349-8633
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D012275:Oryza / Q000502:physiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000502:physiology; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014867:Water; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins