title: Determination of Parameters for the Supercritical Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Green Propolis Using Carbon Dioxide and Ethanol as Co-Solvent.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the best processing conditions to extract Brazilian green propolis using a supercritical extraction technology. For this purpose, the influence of different parameters was evaluated such as S/F (solvent mass in relation to solute mass), percentage of co-solvent (1 and 2% ethanol), temperature (40 and 50°C) and pressure (250, 350 and 400 bar) using supercritical carbon dioxide. The Global Yield Isotherms (GYIs) were obtained through the evaluation of the yield, and the chemical composition of the extracts was also obtained in relation to the total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, antioxidant activity and 3,5-diprenyl-4-hydroxicinnamic acid (Artepillin C) and acid 4-hydroxycinnamic (p-coumaric acid). The best results were identified at 50°C, 350 bar, 1% ethanol (co-solvent) and S/F of 110. These conditions, a content of 8.93±0.01 and 0.40±0.05 g/100 g of Artepillin C and p-coumaric acid, respectively, were identified indicating the efficiency of the extraction process. Despite of low yield of the process, the extracts obtained had high contents of relevant compounds, proving the viability of the process to obtain green propolis extracts with important biological applications due to the extracts composition.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Research and Technology, Tiradentes University, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Faculty of Technology, SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning-SENAI, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruna Aparecida Souza
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Technology, SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning-SENAI, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriele de Abreu
authors.initials: Gde A
authors.lastname: Barreto
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Technology, SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning-SENAI, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Silva
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Technology, SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning-SENAI, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Samantha Serra
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Technology, SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning-SENAI, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rejane Pina Dantas
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Danielle Figuerêdo
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hugo Neves
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Brandão
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Luiz Carneiro
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: da Rocha
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Technology, SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning-SENAI, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silmar Baptista
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Andres
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Umsza-Guez
authors.affiliation: Institute of Research and Technology, Tiradentes University, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francine Ferreira
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Padilha
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007700:Kinetics; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D010666:Phenylpropionates / Q000737:chemistry; D011422:Propionates; D011429:Propolis / Q000737:chemistry*; D012015:Reference Standards; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D010666:Phenylpropionates; D011422:Propionates; D012997:Solvents; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000431:Ethanol; C102259:artepillin C; D011429:Propolis; C495469:p-coumaric acid