title: The repair of umbilical hernia in cirrhotic patients: 18 consecutive case series in a single institute.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Traditionally, the surgical repair of umbilical hernia in cirrhotic patients with ascites is avoided because of a significant recurrence rate and perioperative morbidity/mortality. However, recent reports recommend early elective surgery in these patients because surgery-related complications can be reduced with minimally invasive surgery and development of perioperative patient care. The current study was conducted to analyze safety and feasibility of umbilical hernia repairs performed in a single institute.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single center retrospective analysis of patients' data was conducted. Eighteen patients with umbilical hernia accompanied by liver cirrhosis underwent hernia repair in the period between 2005 and 2012. The charts of these patients were reviewed and demographic data, postoperative complications, and recurrence were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven males and seven females with a mean age of 62.9 years were analyzed. Two of the patients were classified as Child's class A, 11 as Child's class B, and five as Child's class C. Four patients underwent emergency surgery because of perforations in the hernia sac in two cases and incarcerated hernias in the other two cases. Of the 18 patients who underwent surgery, four (22%) experienced a recurrence, three (17%) developed edema at the surgical sites, one (5%) experienced hepatic coma, and one (5%) showed postoperative variceal hemorrhage. All of these events occurred after emergency surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to traditional concepts, early and elective repair of umbilical hernia can be performed easily and safely in cirrhotic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Chul
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Giljae
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Ascites; Hernia; Laparoscopy