title: Consensus recommendations for a standardized Brain Tumor Imaging Protocol in clinical trials.
abstract: A recent joint meeting was held on January 30, 2014, with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), National Cancer Institute (NCI), clinical scientists, imaging experts, pharmaceutical and biotech companies, clinical trials cooperative groups, and patient advocate groups to discuss imaging endpoints for clinical trials in glioblastoma. This workshop developed a set of priorities and action items including the creation of a standardized MRI protocol for multicenter studies. The current document outlines consensus recommendations for a standardized Brain Tumor Imaging Protocol (BTIP), along with the scientific and practical justifications for these recommendations, resulting from a series of discussions between various experts involved in aspects of neuro-oncology neuroimaging for clinical trials. The minimum recommended sequences include: (i) parameter-matched precontrast and postcontrast inversion recovery-prepared, isotropic 3D T1-weighted gradient-recalled echo; (ii) axial 2D T2-weighted turbo spin-echo acquired after contrast injection and before postcontrast 3D T1-weighted images to control timing of images after contrast administration; (iii) precontrast, axial 2D T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery; and (iv) precontrast, axial 2D, 3-directional diffusion-weighted images. Recommended ranges of sequence parameters are provided for both 1.5 T and 3 T MR systems.
authors.affiliation: UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program and UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., T.F.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., W.B.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warrne Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.B.); Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (D.B.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.S.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.J.N., S.C.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.A., P.Y.W.); Medical and Scientific Affairs, ICON Medical Imaging, Warrington, Pennsylvania (G.G., D.Y.); Department of Neurooncology, National Center of Tumor Disease, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.V.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (E.G.); Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.K.-C.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland (L.S., P.J.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret
authors.forename: Benjamin M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Ellingson
authors.affiliation: UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program and UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., T.F.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., W.B.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warrne Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.B.); Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (D.B.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.S.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.J.N., S.C.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.A., P.Y.W.); Medical and Scientific Affairs, ICON Medical Imaging, Warrington, Pennsylvania (G.G., D.Y.); Department of Neurooncology, National Center of Tumor Disease, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.V.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (E.G.); Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.K.-C.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland (L.S., P.J.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bendszus
authors.affiliation: UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program and UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., T.F.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., W.B.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warrne Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.B.); Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (D.B.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.S.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.J.N., S.C.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.A., P.Y.W.); Medical and Scientific Affairs, ICON Medical Imaging, Warrington, Pennsylvania (G.G., D.Y.); Department of Neurooncology, National Center of Tumor Disease, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.V.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (E.G.); Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.K.-C.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland (L.S., P.J.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret
authors.forename: Jerrold
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boxerman
authors.affiliation: UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program and UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., T.F.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., W.B.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warrne Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.B.); Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (D.B.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.S.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.J.N., S.C.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.A., P.Y.W.); Medical and Scientific Affairs, ICON Medical Imaging, Warrington, Pennsylvania (G.G., D.Y.); Department of Neurooncology, National Center of Tumor Disease, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.V.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (E.G.); Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.K.-C.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland (L.S., P.J.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barboriak
authors.affiliation: UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program and UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., T.F.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., W.B.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warrne Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.B.); Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (D.B.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.S.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.J.N., S.C.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.A., P.Y.W.); Medical and Scientific Affairs, ICON Medical Imaging, Warrington, Pennsylvania (G.G., D.Y.); Department of Neurooncology, National Center of Tumor Disease, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.V.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (E.G.); Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.K.-C.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland (L.S., P.J.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret
authors.forename: Bradley J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.affiliation: UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program and UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., T.F.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., W.B.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warrne Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.B.); Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (D.B.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.S.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.J.N., S.C.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.A., P.Y.W.); Medical and Scientific Affairs, ICON Medical Imaging, Warrington, Pennsylvania (G.G., D.Y.); Department of Neurooncology, National Center of Tumor Disease, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.V.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (E.G.); Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.K.-C.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland (L.S., P.J.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smits
authors.affiliation: UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program and UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., T.F.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., W.B.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warrne Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.B.); Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (D.B.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.S.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.J.N., S.C.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.A., P.Y.W.); Medical and Scientific Affairs, ICON Medical Imaging, Warrington, Pennsylvania (G.G., D.Y.); Department of Neurooncology, National Center of Tumor Disease, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.V.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (E.G.); Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.K.-C.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland (L.S., P.J.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program and UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., T.F.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., W.B.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warrne Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.B.); Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (D.B.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.S.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.J.N., S.C.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.A., P.Y.W.); Medical and Scientific Affairs, ICON Medical Imaging, Warrington, Pennsylvania (G.G., D.Y.); Department of Neurooncology, National Center of Tumor Disease, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.V.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (E.G.); Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.K.-C.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland (L.S., P.J.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gerstner
authors.affiliation: UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program and UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., T.F.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., W.B.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warrne Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.B.); Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (D.B.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.S.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.J.N., S.C.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.A., P.Y.W.); Medical and Scientific Affairs, ICON Medical Imaging, Warrington, Pennsylvania (G.G., D.Y.); Department of Neurooncology, National Center of Tumor Disease, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.V.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (E.G.); Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.K.-C.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland (L.S., P.J.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.affiliation: UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program and UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., T.F.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., W.B.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warrne Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.B.); Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (D.B.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.S.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.J.N., S.C.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.A., P.Y.W.); Medical and Scientific Affairs, ICON Medical Imaging, Warrington, Pennsylvania (G.G., D.Y.); Department of Neurooncology, National Center of Tumor Disease, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.V.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (E.G.); Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.K.-C.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland (L.S., P.J.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goldmacher
authors.affiliation: UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program and UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., T.F.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., W.B.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warrne Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.B.); Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (D.B.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.S.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.J.N., S.C.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.A., P.Y.W.); Medical and Scientific Affairs, ICON Medical Imaging, Warrington, Pennsylvania (G.G., D.Y.); Department of Neurooncology, National Center of Tumor Disease, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.V.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (E.G.); Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.K.-C.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland (L.S., P.J.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wick
authors.affiliation: UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program and UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., T.F.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., W.B.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warrne Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.B.); Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (D.B.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.S.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.J.N., S.C.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.A., P.Y.W.); Medical and Scientific Affairs, ICON Medical Imaging, Warrington, Pennsylvania (G.G., D.Y.); Department of Neurooncology, National Center of Tumor Disease, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.V.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (E.G.); Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.K.-C.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland (L.S., P.J.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vogelbaum
authors.affiliation: UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program and UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., T.F.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., W.B.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warrne Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.B.); Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (D.B.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.S.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.J.N., S.C.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.A., P.Y.W.); Medical and Scientific Affairs, ICON Medical Imaging, Warrington, Pennsylvania (G.G., D.Y.); Department of Neurooncology, National Center of Tumor Disease, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.V.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (E.G.); Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.K.-C.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland (L.S., P.J.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weller
authors.affiliation: UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program and UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., T.F.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., W.B.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warrne Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.B.); Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (D.B.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.S.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.J.N., S.C.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.A., P.Y.W.); Medical and Scientific Affairs, ICON Medical Imaging, Warrington, Pennsylvania (G.G., D.Y.); Department of Neurooncology, National Center of Tumor Disease, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.V.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (E.G.); Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.K.-C.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland (L.S., P.J.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret
authors.forename: Evanthia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Galanis
authors.affiliation: UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program and UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., T.F.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., W.B.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warrne Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.B.); Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (D.B.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.S.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.J.N., S.C.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.A., P.Y.W.); Medical and Scientific Affairs, ICON Medical Imaging, Warrington, Pennsylvania (G.G., D.Y.); Department of Neurooncology, National Center of Tumor Disease, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.V.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (E.G.); Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.K.-C.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland (L.S., P.J.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret
authors.forename: Jayashree
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kalpathy-Cramer
authors.affiliation: UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program and UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., T.F.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., W.B.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warrne Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.B.); Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (D.B.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.S.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.J.N., S.C.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.A., P.Y.W.); Medical and Scientific Affairs, ICON Medical Imaging, Warrington, Pennsylvania (G.G., D.Y.); Department of Neurooncology, National Center of Tumor Disease, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.V.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (E.G.); Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.K.-C.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland (L.S., P.J.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret
authors.forename: Lalitha
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shankar
authors.affiliation: UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program and UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., T.F.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., W.B.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warrne Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.B.); Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (D.B.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.S.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.J.N., S.C.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.A., P.Y.W.); Medical and Scientific Affairs, ICON Medical Imaging, Warrington, Pennsylvania (G.G., D.Y.); Department of Neurooncology, National Center of Tumor Disease, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.V.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (E.G.); Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.K.-C.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland (L.S., P.J.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.affiliation: UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program and UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., T.F.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., W.B.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warrne Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.B.); Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (D.B.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.S.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.J.N., S.C.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.A., P.Y.W.); Medical and Scientific Affairs, ICON Medical Imaging, Warrington, Pennsylvania (G.G., D.Y.); Department of Neurooncology, National Center of Tumor Disease, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.V.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (E.G.); Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.K.-C.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland (L.S., P.J.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret
authors.forename: Whitney B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Pope
authors.affiliation: UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program and UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., T.F.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., W.B.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warrne Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.B.); Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (D.B.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.S.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.J.N., S.C.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.A., P.Y.W.); Medical and Scientific Affairs, ICON Medical Imaging, Warrington, Pennsylvania (G.G., D.Y.); Department of Neurooncology, National Center of Tumor Disease, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.V.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (E.G.); Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.K.-C.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland (L.S., P.J.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret
authors.forename: Dewen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program and UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., T.F.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., W.B.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warrne Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.B.); Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (D.B.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.S.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.J.N., S.C.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.A., P.Y.W.); Medical and Scientific Affairs, ICON Medical Imaging, Warrington, Pennsylvania (G.G., D.Y.); Department of Neurooncology, National Center of Tumor Disease, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.V.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (E.G.); Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.K.-C.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland (L.S., P.J.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program and UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., T.F.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., W.B.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warrne Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.B.); Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (D.B.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.S.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.J.N., S.C.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.A., P.Y.W.); Medical and Scientific Affairs, ICON Medical Imaging, Warrington, Pennsylvania (G.G., D.Y.); Department of Neurooncology, National Center of Tumor Disease, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.V.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (E.G.); Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.K.-C.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland (L.S., P.J.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret
authors.forename: Michael V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Knopp
authors.affiliation: UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program and UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., T.F.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., W.B.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warrne Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.B.); Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (D.B.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.S.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.J.N., S.C.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.A., P.Y.W.); Medical and Scientific Affairs, ICON Medical Imaging, Warrington, Pennsylvania (G.G., D.Y.); Department of Neurooncology, National Center of Tumor Disease, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.V.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (E.G.); Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.K.-C.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland (L.S., P.J.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret
authors.forename: Soonme
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program and UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., T.F.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., W.B.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warrne Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.B.); Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (D.B.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.S.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.J.N., S.C.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.A., P.Y.W.); Medical and Scientific Affairs, ICON Medical Imaging, Warrington, Pennsylvania (G.G., D.Y.); Department of Neurooncology, National Center of Tumor Disease, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.V.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (E.G.); Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.K.-C.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland (L.S., P.J.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: van den Bent
authors.affiliation: UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program and UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., T.F.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., W.B.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warrne Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.B.); Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (D.B.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.S.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.J.N., S.C.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.A., P.Y.W.); Medical and Scientific Affairs, ICON Medical Imaging, Warrington, Pennsylvania (G.G., D.Y.); Department of Neurooncology, National Center of Tumor Disease, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.V.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (E.G.); Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.K.-C.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland (L.S., P.J.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program and UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., T.F.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., W.B.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warrne Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.B.); Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (D.B.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.S.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.J.N., S.C.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.A., P.Y.W.); Medical and Scientific Affairs, ICON Medical Imaging, Warrington, Pennsylvania (G.G., D.Y.); Department of Neurooncology, National Center of Tumor Disease, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.V.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (E.G.); Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.K.-C.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland (L.S., P.J.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret
authors.forename: W K Al
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Yung
authors.affiliation: UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program and UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., T.F.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., W.B.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warrne Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.B.); Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (D.B.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.S.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.J.N., S.C.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.A., P.Y.W.); Medical and Scientific Affairs, ICON Medical Imaging, Warrington, Pennsylvania (G.G., D.Y.); Department of Neurooncology, National Center of Tumor Disease, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.V.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (E.G.); Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.K.-C.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland (L.S., P.J.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret
authors.forename: Timothy F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Cloughesy
authors.affiliation: UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program and UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., T.F.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., W.B.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warrne Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.B.); Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (D.B.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.S.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.J.N., S.C.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.A., P.Y.W.); Medical and Scientific Affairs, ICON Medical Imaging, Warrington, Pennsylvania (G.G., D.Y.); Department of Neurooncology, National Center of Tumor Disease, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.V.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (E.G.); Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.K.-C.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland (L.S., P.J.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret
authors.forename: Patrick Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program and UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., T.F.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (B.M.E., W.B.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warrne Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.B.); Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (D.B.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.S.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.J.N., S.C.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.A., P.Y.W.); Medical and Scientific Affairs, ICON Medical Imaging, Warrington, Pennsylvania (G.G., D.Y.); Department of Neurooncology, National Center of Tumor Disease, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.V.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (E.G.); Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.K.-C.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland (L.S., P.J.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gilbert
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D002985:Clinical Protocols / Q000592:standards; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000592:standards; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: Brain Tumor Imaging Protocol; MRI; clinical trials; glioblastoma