title: Insufficient Knowledge of Breast Cancer Risk Factors Among Malaysian Female University Students.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite continuous argument about the efficacy of breast self-examination; it still could be a life-saving technique through inspiring and empowering women to take better control over their body/breast and health. This study investigated Malaysian female university students' knowledge about breast cancer risk factors, signs, and symptoms and assessed breast self-examination frequency among students.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2013 in nine public and private universities in the Klang Valley and Selangor. 842 female students were respondents for the self-administered survey technique. Simple descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for data analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The uptake of breast self-examination (BSE) was less than 50% among the students. Most of students had insufficient knowledge on several breast cancer risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Actions and efforts should be done to increase knowledge of breast cancer through the development of ethnically and traditionally sensitive educational training on BSE and breast cancer literacy.
authors.affiliation: . asnarulhadi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Asnarulkhadi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abu Samah
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmadian
authors.forename: Latiffah A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Latiff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016504:Breast Self-Examination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014495:Universities