title: Conventional steaming retains tocols and γ-oryzanol better than boiling and frying in the jasmine rice variety Khao dok mali 105.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of various cooking methods on the white rice (WR), brown rice (BR) and parboiled geminated brown rice (PGBR) of the same variety, focusing on γ-oryzanol and tocols. The methods used for analysis of γ-oryzanol and tocols included solvent extraction and HPLC. The results indicated that PGBR had a higher content of γ-oryzanol and tocols compared to BR and WR, when different cooking methods (raw, steamed, boiled and fried) were used. Steaming method retained the higher γ-oryzanol content (53.6-62.2mg/100g) in both PGBR and BR, in comparison with boiling (53.0-60.6mg/100g) and frying (23.4-31.5mg/100g) methods. Frying reduced the γ-oryzanol content significantly regardless of the rice type. Regarding tocols, a similar trend was noticed in all the methods studied. Tocotrienol was the most abundant tocol found in PGBR and BR. Therefore, steaming is the best cooking method to preserved most of the bioactive compounds; however, a slight increase in total tocols was observed after frying.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Phuttamonton, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand. Electronic address: warangkana.sri@mahidol.ac.th.
authors.forename: Warangkana
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Srichamnong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Phuttamonton, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
authors.forename: Parunya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thiyajai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Phuttamonton, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand. Electronic address: somsri.chr@mahidol.ac.th.
authors.forename: Somsri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Charoenkiatkul
mesh_terms: D003296:Cooking; D006358:Hot Temperature; D012275:Oryza; D010666:Phenylpropionates / Q000032:analysis*; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000032:analysis*; D024508:Tocotrienols / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D010666:Phenylpropionates; D024508:Tocotrienols; D024505:Tocopherols; C572520:tocol; C013172:gamma-oryzanol
keywords: Brown rice; Cooking; Gamma-oryzanol; Parboiled germinated brown rice; Tocols; Tocotrienol