title: Acute vasodilator response to vardenafil and clinical outcome in patients with pulmonary hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acute vasodilator testing is recommended in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension to identify individuals who may benefit from long-term treatment with oral calcium channel blockers. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of vardenafil in acute vasoreactivity testing compared to adenosine.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 20 patients eligible for right heart catheterisation were enrolled. Acute vasoreactivity testing was carried out with intravenous (iv) adenosine (n = 18) followed by oral vardenafil (n = 20). Haemodynamic responses were recorded at baseline and after 60 min (vardenafil). Responders were defined according to consensus guideline criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both vardenafil and adenosine significantly decreased mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP, p < 0.001 and p = 0.026, respectively) and pulmonary vascular resistance (p < 0.001 and p > 0.001, respectively), and significantly increased cardiac output (p = 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively). Vardenafil reduced mPAP more than adenosine (p = 0.044), while adenosine resulted in higher responses of cardiac index (p = 0.009) and pulmonary arterial oxygen saturation (p = 0.042). Acute adverse reactions were common with adenosine, while no side effects were observed after a single oral dose vardenafil. Vardenafil identified five responders (out of 20), while adenosine identified three responders (out of 18). During a 7-year follow-up, vardenafil responders had significantly lower NT-proBNP levels compared to non-responders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vardenafil may be safely used for acute vasoreactivity testing in patients with PH. A single oral dose of vardenafil is better tolerated than iv adenosine and may identify additional responders who could benefit from long-term vasodilator treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. anna.sandqvist@umu.se.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sandqvist
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Henrohn
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Egeröd
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden.|Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hedeland
authors.affiliation: Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wernroth
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden.|Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bondesson
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jörn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schneede
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wikström
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000069058:Vardenafil Dihydrochloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000069058:Vardenafil Dihydrochloride; D000241:Adenosine
keywords: Acute vasodilator test; Adenosine; Haemodynamics; Pulmonary hypertension; Right heart catheterisation; Vardenafil