title: Application of Virtual Three-Dimensional Models for Simultaneous Visualization of Intracardiac Anatomic Relationships in Double Outlet Right Ventricle.
abstract: Our goal was to construct three-dimensional (3D) virtual models to allow simultaneous visualization of the ventricles, ventricular septal defect (VSD) and great arteries in patients with complex intracardiac anatomy to aid in surgical planning. We also sought to correlate measurements from the source cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) image dataset and the 3D model. Complicated ventriculo-arterial relationships in patients with complex conotruncal malformations make preoperative assessment of possible repair pathways difficult. Patients were chosen with double outlet right ventricle for the complexity of intracardiac anatomy and potential for better delineation of anatomic spatial relationships. Virtual 3D models were generated from CMR 3D datasets. Measurements were made on the source CMR as well as the 3D model for the following structures: aortic diameter in orthogonal planes, VSD diameter in orthogonal planes and long axis of right ventricle. A total of six patients were identified for inclusion. The path from the ventricles to each respective outflow tract and the location of the VSD with respect to each great vessel was visualized clearly in all patients. Measurements on the virtual model showed excellent correlation with the source CMR when all measurements were included by Pearson coefficient, r = 0.99 as well as for each individual structure. Construction of virtual 3D models in patients with complex conotruncal defects from 3D CMR datasets allows for simultaneous visualization of anatomic relationships relevant for surgical repair. The availability of these models may allow for a more informed preoperative evaluation in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. kanwal.farooqi@mssm.edu.|Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute and Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. kanwal.farooqi@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Kanwal M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Farooqi
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Santosh C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Uppu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Khanh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Shubhika
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: H Helen
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Choueiter
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Adi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wollstein
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Ira A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Parness
authors.affiliation: Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute and Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Jagat
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Narula
authors.affiliation: Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute and Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sanz
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.|Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stonybrook, NY, USA.
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Nielsen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004310:Double Outlet Right Ventricle / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006321:Heart; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: 3D cardiac models; 3D printing; Congenital heart disease