title: Synthesis of Radiation Curable Palm Oil-Based Epoxy Acrylate: NMR and FTIR Spectroscopic Investigations.
abstract: Over the past few decades, there has been an increasing demand for bio-based polymers and resins in industrial applications, due to their potential lower cost and environmental impact compared with petroleum-based counterparts. The present research concerns the synthesis of epoxidized palm oil acrylate (EPOLA) from an epoxidized palm oil product (EPOP) as environmentally friendly material. EPOP was acrylated by acrylic acid via a ring opening reaction. The kinetics of the acrylation reaction were monitored throughout the reaction course and the acid value of the reaction mixture reached 10 mg KOH/g after 16 h, indicating the consumption of the acrylic acid. The obtained epoxy acrylate was investigated intensively by means of FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, and the results revealed that the ring opening reaction was completed successfully with an acrylation yield about 82%. The UV free radical polymerization of EPOLA was carried out using two types of photoinitiators. The radiation curing behavior was determined by following the conversion of the acrylate groups. The cross-linking density and the hardness of the cured EPOLA films were measured to evaluate the effect of the photoinitiator on the solid film characteristics, besides, the thermal and mechanical properties were also evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. ashraf.msalih@gmail.com.|Department of Radiation Processing, Sudan Atomic Energy Commission, Khartoum 1111, Sudan. ashraf.msalih@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ashraf M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Salih
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. mansorahmad@upm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Mansor Bin
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. norazowa@science.upm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Nor Azowa
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Polycomposite Sdn Bhd, No.75-2, Jalan TKS 1, Taman Kajang Sentral, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia. dr.khairulz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Khairul Zaman Hj Mohd
authors.initials: KZ
authors.lastname: Dahlan
authors.affiliation: Radiation Processing Technology Division, Nuclear Malaysia, Bangi, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia. rida@nuclearmalaysia.gov.my.
authors.forename: Rida
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tajau
authors.affiliation: No.107, Jalan 2, Taman Kajang Baru, Sg Jelok, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia. hilmi_mahmood@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mohd Hilmi
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Mahmood
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. wanmdzin@upnm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Wan Md Zin Wan
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Yunus
mesh_terms: D000179:Acrylates / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D066241:Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D006244:Hardness; D008970:Molecular Weight; D000073878:Palm Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D013997:Time Factors; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D010938:Plant Oils; D000073878:Palm Oil; C036658:acrylic acid
keywords: FTIR; NMR; UV-curing; epoxy acrylate; palm oil