title: Review of Commonly Used Serum Tumor Markers and Their Relevance for Image Interpretation.
abstract: Serum tumor markers are firmly entrenched as one of the primary tools in an oncologist's armamentarium. They can be implemented in a broad range of applications from diagnostic assistance, assessing prognosis, or guiding therapeutic decisions. However, tumor markers also have limitations, which significantly impact how they should be used. Radiologists should be familiar with the following most prevalent tumor markers, which will all be discussed here: prostate-specific antigen (prostate), carcinoembryonic antigen (colon), α-fetoprotein (hepatocellular and testicular), carbohydrate antigen 19.9 (pancreas), cancer antigen 125 (ovarian), human chorionic gonadotropin/lactic dehydrogenase (testicular), and chromogranin A (neuroendocrine). This knowledge should avoid needless intervention, enhance image interpretation, and ultimately provide optimal patient care.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY; †Department of Radiology, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX; ‡Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD; and §Department of Oncology, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Reiter
authors.forename: Justin E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.forename: Ryan B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Schwope
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lisanti
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Osswald
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D018394:CA-125 Antigen / Q000097:blood; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen / Q000097:blood; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000097:blood; D053379:Chromogranin A / Q000097:blood; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018394:CA-125 Antigen; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D053379:Chromogranin A; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen