title: Intravascular ultrasonic-photoacoustic (IVUP) endoscope with 2.2-mm diameter catheter for medical imaging.
abstract: Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging is extremely important for detection and characterization of high-risk atherosclerotic plaques as well as gastrointestinal diseases. Recently, intravascular photoacoustic (IVPA) imaging has been used to differentiate the composition of biological tissues with high optical contrast and ultrasonic resolution. The combination of these imaging techniques could provide morphological information and molecular screening to characterize abnormal tissues, which would help physicians to ensure vital therapeutic value and prognostic significance for patients before commencing therapy. In this study, integration of a high-frequency IVUS imaging catheter (45MHz, single-element, unfocused, 0.7mm in diameter) with a multi-mode optical fiber (0.6mm in core diameter, 0.22 NA), an integrated intravascular ultrasonic-photoacoustic (IVUP) imaging catheter, was developed to provide spatial and functional information on light distribution in a turbid sample. Simultaneously, IVUS imaging was co-registered to IVPA imaging to construct 3D volumetric sample images. In a phantom study, a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) tissue-mimicking arterial vessel phantom with indocyanine green (ICG) and methylene blue (MB) inclusion was used to demonstrate the feasibility of mapping the biological dyes, which are used in cardiovascular and cancer diagnostics. For the ex vivo study, an excised sample of pig intestine with ICG was utilized to target the biomarkers present in the gastrointestinal tumors or the atherosclerotic plaques with the proposed hybrid technique. The results indicated that IVUP endoscope with the 2.2-mm diameter catheter could be a useful tool for medical imaging.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program of Marine-Bio, Electrical & Mechanical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Nhat Quang
authors.initials: NQ
authors.lastname: Bui
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program of Marine-Bio, Electrical & Mechanical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu Kyu
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Hlaing
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program of Marine-Bio, Electrical & Mechanical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Van Phuc
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program of Marine-Bio, Electrical & Mechanical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Trung Hau
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program of Marine-Bio, Electrical & Mechanical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yun-Ok
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program of Marine-Bio, Electrical & Mechanical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Xiao Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program of Marine-Bio, Electrical & Mechanical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea; School of Electrical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Wook
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Yun
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program of Marine-Bio, Electrical & Mechanical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Wook
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program of Marine-Bio, Electrical & Mechanical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea. Electronic address: jungoh@pknu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Junghwan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057785:Catheters; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019160:Endosonography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008904:Miniaturization; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013382:Subtraction Technique / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013552:Swine; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000295:instrumentation*
keywords: 3D reconstruction; Combined imaging; Imaging endoscope; Indocyanine green; Intravascular photoacoustic imaging; Intravascular ultrasound imaging