title: [Complications after Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube Placement - A Retrospective Analysis].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Enteral nutrition is vital for patients with inadequate or absent oral food intake, as it can help to avoid catabolic metabolism. Enteral feeding can be secured by placing a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube (PEG-tube) which is an approved method. Several clinical studies could verify the superiority of this procedure compared to other options. Even though PEG-tube placement is regarded as less invasive surgery, a considerable rate of complications is reported in literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here, we report a retrospective analysis of PEG-tube placements in the Bonn University Hospital from January 2005 to December 2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 641 PEG-tubes were placed with a complication rate of 9.4 %, which can be further divided in 5.5 % minor complications (mic) and 3.9 % major complications (mac). Two cases of death occurred in the context of PEG-tube placement. Endoscopically inserted PEG-tubes showed a complication rate of 8.6 % (4.8 % mic, 3.8 % mac). 63.2 % of mac consisted of perforations, 15.8 % of intra-abdominal abscesses and 15.8 % of buried bumper syndromes. The complication rate of CT-guided placement of PEG-tubes was 38.9 % (27.8 % mic, 11.1 % mac). In this group, all mac were perforations. Surgical PEG-tube placement was accompanied by no mac and 7.7 % mic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The amount of complications during PEG-tube placement is remarkable, therefore the indication of this procedure must be contemplated critically and careful follow-up is crucial.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Deutschland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jafari
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I - Allgemeine Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Deutschland.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Weismüller
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Deutschland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tonguc
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Deutschland.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kalff
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Deutschland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manekeller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000379:methods*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005774:Gastrostomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D005858:Germany; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods