title: Association of an Endovascular-First Protocol for Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms With Survival and Discharge Disposition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mortality after an open surgical repair of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) remains high. The role and clinical benefit of ruptured endovascular aneurysm repair (rEVAR) have yet to be fully elucidated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of an endovascular-first protocol for patients with an rAAA on perioperative mortality and associated early clinical outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of a consecutive series of patients presenting with an rAAA before (1997-2006) and after (2007-2014) implementation of an endovascular-first treatment strategy (ie, protocol) at an academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Early mortality, perioperative morbidity, discharge disposition, and overall survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 88 patients with an rAAA were included in the analysis, including 46 patients in the preprotocol group (87.0% underwent an open repair and 13.0% underwent an rEVAR) and 42 patients in the intention-to-treat postprotocol group (33.3% underwent an open repair and 66.7% underwent an rEVAR; P = .001). Baseline demographics were similar between groups. Postprotocol patients died significantly less often at 30 days (14.3% vs 32.6%; P = .03), had a decreased incidence of major complications (45.0% vs 71.8%; P = .02), and had a greater likelihood of discharge to home (69.2% vs 42.1%; P = .04) after rAAA repair compared with preprotocol patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated significantly greater long-term survival in the postprotocol period (log-rank P = .002). One-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 50.0%, 45.7%, and 39.1% for open repair, respectively, and 61.9%, 42.9%, and 23.8% for rEVAR, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implementation of a contemporary endovascular-first protocol for the treatment of an rAAA is associated with decreased perioperative morbidity and mortality, a higher likelihood of discharge to home, and improved long-term survival. Patients with an rAAA and appropriate anatomy should be offered endovascular repair as first-line treatment at experienced vascular centers.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Brant W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Ullery
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Venita
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Mell
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Edmund J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Ronald L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Dalman
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Jason T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017542:Aneurysm, Ruptured / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004630:Emergencies; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010351:Patient Discharge / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome