title: Comparison of Photo Optical Imaging with Musculoskeletal Ultrasound and Clinical Examination in the Assessment of Inflammatory Activity in Proximal Interphalangeal Joints in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lightscan is a novel, rapid, low-cost, easily operated and noninvasive imaging technology used to assess inflammatory activity in proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints. The results are calculated automatically. To our knowledge, this is the first comparative study of photo optical imaging (POI), with clinical examination (CE), disease activity score at 28 joints (DAS28)-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and musculoskeletal ultrasonography (US) in healthy subjects and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or osteoarthritis (OA).
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 688 PIP joints of both hands examined in 87 subjects (38 RA, 21 OA, 28 healthy) by Lightscan and compared with CE for clinically swollen and tender joints, DAS28-ESR (only RA), and US.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With US as reference, POI had a sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 93%. In the receiver-operating curve (ROC) analysis, the Lightscan showed a higher sensitivity and specificity [area under the curve (AUC) 0.879] for the distinction of healthy subjects versus patients (OA, RA) than US in greyscale (GSUS; AUC 0.797) and power Doppler (PDUS; AUC 0.67). POI correlated significantly with GSUS (r 0.473, p < 0.01) and PDUS (r 0.486, p < 0.01). The agreement rates between POI and GSUS were up to 79%, between POI and PDUS up to 92%, and between POI and CE up to 66%. POI did not correlate with DAS28-ESR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Lightscan is a new technology offering sensitive imaging detection of inflammatory changes in subjects with RA and OA with PIP arthritis. POI was more sensitive than CE and correlated significantly to GSUS and PDUS, while presenting a higher sensitivity and specificity for the detection of healthy subjects versus patients (RA, OA) based on the ROC analysis.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and AG Medical Physics and Optical Diagnosis, Charité Universitätsmedizin; Tumorzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany.I. Amitai, Medical Student, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; S. Werner, MD, Dr. rer, medic, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; B. Schicke, Statistician, PhD, Tumorzentrum Berlin; G.R. Burmester, Professor, MD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; O. Minet, PhD, AG Medical Physics and Optical Diagnosis, Charité Universitätsmedizin; U. Zabaryło, PhD program, AG Medical Physics and Optical Diagnosis, Charité Universitätsmedizin; M. Backhaus, Professor, MD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; S. Ohrndorf, MD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin. isabella.amitai@charite.de.
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Amitai
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and AG Medical Physics and Optical Diagnosis, Charité Universitätsmedizin; Tumorzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany.I. Amitai, Medical Student, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; S. Werner, MD, Dr. rer, medic, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; B. Schicke, Statistician, PhD, Tumorzentrum Berlin; G.R. Burmester, Professor, MD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; O. Minet, PhD, AG Medical Physics and Optical Diagnosis, Charité Universitätsmedizin; U. Zabaryło, PhD program, AG Medical Physics and Optical Diagnosis, Charité Universitätsmedizin; M. Backhaus, Professor, MD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; S. Ohrndorf, MD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and AG Medical Physics and Optical Diagnosis, Charité Universitätsmedizin; Tumorzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany.I. Amitai, Medical Student, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; S. Werner, MD, Dr. rer, medic, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; B. Schicke, Statistician, PhD, Tumorzentrum Berlin; G.R. Burmester, Professor, MD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; O. Minet, PhD, AG Medical Physics and Optical Diagnosis, Charité Universitätsmedizin; U. Zabaryło, PhD program, AG Medical Physics and Optical Diagnosis, Charité Universitätsmedizin; M. Backhaus, Professor, MD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; S. Ohrndorf, MD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schicke
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and AG Medical Physics and Optical Diagnosis, Charité Universitätsmedizin; Tumorzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany.I. Amitai, Medical Student, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; S. Werner, MD, Dr. rer, medic, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; B. Schicke, Statistician, PhD, Tumorzentrum Berlin; G.R. Burmester, Professor, MD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; O. Minet, PhD, AG Medical Physics and Optical Diagnosis, Charité Universitätsmedizin; U. Zabaryło, PhD program, AG Medical Physics and Optical Diagnosis, Charité Universitätsmedizin; M. Backhaus, Professor, MD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; S. Ohrndorf, MD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin.
authors.forename: Gerd-Rüdiger
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Burmester
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and AG Medical Physics and Optical Diagnosis, Charité Universitätsmedizin; Tumorzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany.I. Amitai, Medical Student, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; S. Werner, MD, Dr. rer, medic, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; B. Schicke, Statistician, PhD, Tumorzentrum Berlin; G.R. Burmester, Professor, MD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; O. Minet, PhD, AG Medical Physics and Optical Diagnosis, Charité Universitätsmedizin; U. Zabaryło, PhD program, AG Medical Physics and Optical Diagnosis, Charité Universitätsmedizin; M. Backhaus, Professor, MD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; S. Ohrndorf, MD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin.
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Minet
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and AG Medical Physics and Optical Diagnosis, Charité Universitätsmedizin; Tumorzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany.I. Amitai, Medical Student, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; S. Werner, MD, Dr. rer, medic, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; B. Schicke, Statistician, PhD, Tumorzentrum Berlin; G.R. Burmester, Professor, MD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; O. Minet, PhD, AG Medical Physics and Optical Diagnosis, Charité Universitätsmedizin; U. Zabaryło, PhD program, AG Medical Physics and Optical Diagnosis, Charité Universitätsmedizin; M. Backhaus, Professor, MD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; S. Ohrndorf, MD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin.
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Zabaryło
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and AG Medical Physics and Optical Diagnosis, Charité Universitätsmedizin; Tumorzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany.I. Amitai, Medical Student, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; S. Werner, MD, Dr. rer, medic, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; B. Schicke, Statistician, PhD, Tumorzentrum Berlin; G.R. Burmester, Professor, MD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; O. Minet, PhD, AG Medical Physics and Optical Diagnosis, Charité Universitätsmedizin; U. Zabaryło, PhD program, AG Medical Physics and Optical Diagnosis, Charité Universitätsmedizin; M. Backhaus, Professor, MD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; S. Ohrndorf, MD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Backhaus
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and AG Medical Physics and Optical Diagnosis, Charité Universitätsmedizin; Tumorzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany.I. Amitai, Medical Student, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; S. Werner, MD, Dr. rer, medic, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; B. Schicke, Statistician, PhD, Tumorzentrum Berlin; G.R. Burmester, Professor, MD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; O. Minet, PhD, AG Medical Physics and Optical Diagnosis, Charité Universitätsmedizin; U. Zabaryło, PhD program, AG Medical Physics and Optical Diagnosis, Charité Universitätsmedizin; M. Backhaus, Professor, MD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin; S. Ohrndorf, MD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohrndorf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D005384:Finger Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010808:Physical Examination; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013585:Synovitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: LIGHTSCAN; MUSCULOSKELETAL ULTRASOUND; OSTEOARTHRITIS; PHOTO OPTICAL IMAGING; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS