title: Analysis of retinal nerve fibre layer, visual evoked potentials and relative afferent pupillary defect in multiple sclerosis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to analyse retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (pVEPs) and relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) changes in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with the consideration of past optic neuritis (ON).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ophthalmological, neurological, OCT, RNFL and pVEP studies were conducted in 59 MS patients. RAPD tests were performed in 47 of them. Control group consisted of 28 healthy volunteers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abnormal RNFL was found in 59% of cases of eyes with ON and 28% of eyes without ON. In eyes with ON, significantly lower RNFL values were indicated in the temporal and lower quadrants. Elongation of pVEP latency was found in 83% of eyes with ON and 60% of eyes without ON. The average value of pVEP latency was larger and the amplitude was lower in the subgroup of eyes with RNFL at the borderline or below the norm. RAPD was observed only in eyes with ON and with RNFL thinning. No association was found between the RAPD and pVEP parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VEPs were more frequently abnormal than RNFL in MS patients. RNFL damage in eyes without ON may indicate neurodegenerations in CNS of MS patients; it can also be the consequence of subclinical ON.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An analysis of RNFL and VEP can be useful for evaluating the optic nerve in MS patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chilińska
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ejma
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turno-Kręcicka
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland. Electronic address: kguransk@interia.pl.
authors.forename: Konstanty
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Guranski
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Misiuk-Hojlo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011681:Pupil Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055351:Retinal Neurons / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Multiple sclerosis; Optic neuritis; Optical coherence tomography; Pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials; Relative afferent pupillary defect; Retinal nerve fibre layer