title: Effect of advanced oxidation processes on the micropollutants and the effluent organic matter contained in municipal wastewater previously treated by three different secondary methods.
abstract: In this study, wastewater from the output of three different secondary treatment facilities (Activated Sludge, Moving Bed Bioreactor and Coagulation-Flocculation) present in the municipal wastewater treatment plant of Vidy, Lausanne (Switzerland), was further treated with various oxidation processes (UV, UV/H2O2, solar irradiation, Fenton, solar photo-Fenton), at laboratory scale. For this assessment, 6 organic micropollutants in agreement with the new environmental legislation requirements in Switzerland were selected (Carbamazepine, Clarithromycin, Diclofenac, Metoprolol, Benzotriazole, Mecoprop) and monitored throughout the treatment. Also, the overall removal of the organic load was assessed. After each secondary treatment, the efficiency of the AOPs increased in the following order: Coagulation-Flocculation < Activated Sludge < Moving Bed Bioreactor, in almost all cases. From the different combinations tested, municipal wastewater subjected to biological treatment followed by UV/H2O2 resulted in the highest elimination levels. Wastewater previously treated by physicochemical treatment demonstrated considerably inhibited micropollutant degradation rates. The degradation kinetics were determined, yielding: k (UV) < k (UV/H2O2) and k (Fenton) < k (solar irradiation) < k (photo-Fenton). Finally, the evolution of global pollution parameters (COD & TOC elimination) was followed and the degradation pathways for the effluent organic matter are discussed.
authors.affiliation: SB, ISIC, Group of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Stefanos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giannakis
authors.affiliation: SB, ISIC, Group of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Franco Alejandro
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Gamarra Vives
authors.affiliation: ENAC, IIE, Central Environmental Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grandjean
authors.affiliation: Sanitation Service, City of Lausanne, Rue des terreaux 33, 1002 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Anoys
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Magnet
authors.affiliation: ENAC, IIE, Central Environmental Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Luiz Felippe
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: De Alencastro
authors.affiliation: SB, ISIC, Group of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: cesar.pulgarin@epfl.ch.
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pulgarin
mesh_terms: D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Advanced oxidation processes (AOP); Average oxidation state (AOS); Biological treatment; Degradation kinetics; Effluent organic matter (EfOM); Micropollutants