title: Vitamin D in polycystic ovary syndrome: Relationship to obesity and insulin resistance.
abstract: METHODS
  Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is underpinned by insulin resistance (IR). In PCOS, the relationships between vitamin D, adiposity, and IR are unclear. We aim to explore these relationships in lean and overweight women with PCOS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This is a cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary medical center. Participants included 42 women with PCOS and 34 controls without PCOS. Vitamin D and metabolic markers were measured. Detailed body composition and gold standard hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps were performed. The main outcome measures were plasma levels of vitamin D, adiposity measures, and glucose infusion rate. Vitamin D levels were lower in overweight women with PCOS compared with overweight controls (31.6 and 46.1 nmol/L, respectively, p = 0.01). Vitamin D was not associated with IR after adjustment for confounders; however, there was a significant interaction between PCOS and percentage body fat. Further analysis by PCOS status revealed that vitamin D was associated with IR in the PCOS group (β coefficient 2.1, 95% CI 0.2-4.0, p = 0.03), but not in the non-PCOS group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin D is associated with IR in women with PCOS, but not in controls. Large intervention studies are needed to determine if vitamin D supplementation can improve IR in PCOS.
authors.affiliation: Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.|Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Anju E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Joham
authors.affiliation: Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.|Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Helena J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Teede
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sport Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cassar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sport Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Nigel K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Stepto
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Boyd J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.affiliation: Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Cheryce L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.affiliation: Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.affiliation: Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.|Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Barbora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Courten
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: Insulin resistance; Obesity; PCOS; Polycystic ovary syndrome; Vitamin D