title: The Protective Effect of Remote Renal Preconditioning Against Hippocampal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury: Role of KATP Channels.
abstract: Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC), which consists of several brief ischemia/reperfusion applied at the remote site of lethal ischemia reperfusion, can, through activating different mechanisms, increase the ability of the body's endogenous protection against prolonged ischemia/reperfusion. Recent studies have shown that RIPC has neuroprotective effects, but its mechanisms are not well elucidated. The present study aimed to determine whether activation of KATP channels in remote renal preconditioning decreases hippocampus damage induced by global cerebral ischemia. RIPC was induced by ischemia of the left renal artery (IPC); 24 h later, global cerebral ischemia reperfusion (IR) was induced by common carotid arteries occlusion. 5hydroxydecanoate (5HD) and glibenclamide (Gli) were injected before of IPC. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT) activity were assessed in hippocampus. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) was assessed to detect apoptotic cells in hippocampus. RIPC inhibited apoptosis by decreasing positive TUNEL cells (P < 0.05). KATP channels blocking with 5HD and Gli markedly increased apoptosis in hippocampal cells in RIPC group (P < 0.001). RIPC decreased MDA level and increased CAT activity in ischemic hippocampus (P < 0.01). Also, 5HD and Gli inhibited the effect of RIPC on MDA level and CAT activity (P < 0.05). The present study shows that RIPC can effectively attenuate programmed cell death, increase activity of CAT, and reduce MDA levels. Blocking of KATP channels inhibited the protective effects of RIPC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh Zare
authors.initials: FZ
authors.lastname: Mehrjerdi
authors.affiliation: Physiology Research Center, Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. dr.nabotaleb@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nahid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aboutaleb
authors.affiliation: Physiology Research Center, Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamidreza
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pazoki-Toroudi
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mansoureh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soleimani
authors.affiliation: National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Marjan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ajami
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khaksari
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Safari
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Technologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy.
authors.forename: Rouhollah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Habibey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003652:Decanoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006880:Hydroxy Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D054086:KATP Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D003652:Decanoic Acids; D006880:Hydroxy Acids; D054086:KATP Channels; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C052853:5-hydroxydecanoic acid; D002374:Catalase; D005905:Glyburide
keywords: Apoptosis; Hippocampus; KATP channels; Remote ischemic preconditioning