title: Re: 'Treatment of gummy smile: Nasal septum dysplasia as etiologic factor and therapeutic target'.
abstract: An evaluation and commentary of a recently suggested technique for the correction of gummy smiles is presented. A comparison of long-term stability reported with other surgical techniques, is also performed. From the results reported, use of this technique could offer a treatment option for those affected with excessive gingival display on smiling (gummy smile).
authors.affiliation: University of Puerto Rico School of Dental Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Post-Graduate Program, San Juan, PR 00918, USA; San Jorge Children's Hospital/Plastic & Reconstructive Institute, San Juan, PR 00905, USA. Electronic address: drmariopolo@mariopolo.com.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Polo
mesh_terms: D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055171:Nasal Cartilages / Q000601:surgery*; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D012904:Smiling
keywords: Cartilage implant; Columella; Gingival display; Gummy smile; Hypermobile lip; Nasal septum