title: Effects of X‑ray irradiation in combination with ascorbic acid on tumor control.
abstract: Our previous studies demonstrated that the combination of treatment with ascorbic acid (AsA) and X‑ray irradiation results in increased apoptosis in HL60 cells. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of the combined use of AsA and X‑ray irradiation on epithelial cancer and sarcoma cells, and its potential use in future clinical treatment. X‑ray irradiation combined with AsA treatment resulted in increased suppression of cell growth of HT1080, SAS and A549 cells in vitro compared with X‑ray irradiation alone. The combined treatment also suppressed tumor growth in implanted HT‑1080 cells in vivo. Using annexin V/propidium iodide staining and the detection of activated caspase 3, it was found that X‑ray irradiation increased the apoptotic rate of HT1080 cells and resulted in G2/M arrest. However, apoptosis in the HT1080 cells treated with 5 mM AsA remained unchanged, and no changes were observed in the G2/M fraction. By contrast, AsA treatment caused increased suppression of proliferation compared with X‑ray irradiation. These results suggested that 5 mM AsA slowed the cell cycle and reduced tumor growth. Therefore, X‑ray irradiation combined with AsA treatment may be effective against epithelial cancer and sarcoma cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8564, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hosokawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8564, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Monzen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8564, Japan.
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8564, Japan.
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Terashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8564, Japan.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Akita University Hospital, Akita, Akita 010‑8543, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toshima
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8564, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saga
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8564, Japan.
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kashiwakura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D014965:X-Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D053148:Caspase 3; D001205:Ascorbic Acid