title: A Multiplex Label-Free Approach to Avian Influenza Surveillance and Serology.
abstract: Influenza serology has traditionally relied on techniques such as hemagglutination inhibition, microneutralization, and ELISA. These assays are complex, challenging to implement in a format allowing detection of several types of antibody-analyte interactions at once (multiplex), and troublesome to implement in the field. As an alternative, we have developed a hemagglutinin microarray on the Arrayed Imaging Reflectometry (AIR) platform. AIR provides sensitive, rapid, and label-free multiplex detection of targets in complex analyte samples such as serum. In preliminary work, we demonstrated the application of this array to the testing of human samples from a vaccine trial. Here, we report the application of an expanded label-free hemagglutinin microarray to the analysis of avian serum samples. Samples from influenza virus challenge experiments in mallards yielded strong, selective detection of antibodies to the challenge antigen in most cases. Samples acquired in the field from mallards were also analyzed, and compared with viral hemagglutinin inhibition and microneutralization assays. We find that the AIR hemagglutinin microarray can provide a simple and robust alternative to standard methods, offering substantially greater information density from a simple workflow.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America; Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bucukovski
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Neus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Latorre-Margalef
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Stallknecht
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America; Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Benjamin L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004372:Ducks / Q000821:virology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring / Q000662:veterinary*; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000276:immunology*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus