title: Delayed Workforce Entry and High Emigration Rates for Recent Canadian Radiation Oncology Graduates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the employment status and location of recent Canadian radiation oncology (RO) graduates and to identify current workforce entry trends.
  
  
  METHODS
  A fill-in-the-blank spreadsheet was distributed to all RO program directors in December 2013 and June 2014, requesting the employment status and location of their graduates over the last 3 years. Visa trainee graduates were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Response rate from program directors was 100% for both survey administrations. Of 101 graduates identified, 99 (98%) had known employment status and location. In the December survey, 5 2013 graduates (16%), 17 2012 graduates (59%), and 18 2011 graduates (75%) had permanent staff employment. Six months later, 5 2014 graduates (29%), 15 2013 graduates (48%), 24 2012 graduates (83%), and 21 2011 graduates (88%) had secured staff positions. Fellowships and temporary locums were common for those without staff employment. The proportion of graduates with staff positions abroad increased from 22% to 26% 6 months later.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Workforce entry for most RO graduates was delayed but showed steady improvement with longer time after graduation. High emigration rates for jobs abroad signify domestic employment challenges for newly certified, Canadian-trained radiation oncologists. Coordination on a national level is required to address and regulate radiation oncologist supply and demand disequilibrium in Canada.
authors.affiliation: CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Electronic address: shaun.loewen@cancercare.mb.ca.
authors.forename: Shaun K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Loewen
authors.affiliation: BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Halperin
authors.affiliation: BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Shilo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lefresne
authors.affiliation: Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Theresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Trotter
authors.affiliation: Dr H. Bliss Murphy Cancer Centre, St. John's, NL, Canada.
authors.forename: Teri
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stuckless
authors.affiliation: Cancer Centre of Southeastern Ontario, Kingston, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brundage
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002170:Canada; D004641:Emigration and Immigration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D005257:Fellowships and Scholarships / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008503:Medical Staff / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018787:Radiation Oncology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012179:Retirement / Q000639:trends; D013997:Time Factors; D014478:Unemployment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D000078329:Workforce