title: Characterizing and Communicating Risk with Exposure Reconstruction and Bayesian Analysis: Historical Locomotive Maintenance/Repair Associated with Asbestos Woven Tape Pipe Lagging.
abstract: Our reconstructed historical work scenarios incorporating a vintage 1950s locomotive can assist in better understanding the historical asbestos exposures associated with past maintenance and repairs and fill a literature data gap. Air sampling data collected during the exposure scenarios and analyzed by NIOSH 7400 (PCM) and 7402 (PCME) methodologies show personal breathing zone asbestiform fiber exposures were below the current OSHA exposure limits for the eight-hour TWA permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 0.1 f/cc (range <0.007-0.064 PCME f/cc) and the 30-minute short-term excursion limit (EL) of 1.0 f/cc (range <0.045-0.32 PCME f/cc) and orders of magnitude below historic OSHA PEL and ACGIH TLVs. Bayesian decision analysis (BDA) results demonstrate that the 95th percentile point estimate falls into an AIHA exposure category 3 or 4 as compared to the current PEL and category 1 when compared to the historic PEL. BDA results demonstrate that bystander exposures would be classified as category 0. Our findings were also significantly below the published calcium magnesium insulations exposure range of 2.5 to 7.5 f/cc reported for historic work activities of pipefitters, mechanics, and boilermakers. Diesel-electric locomotive pipe systems were typically insulated with a woven tape lagging that may have been chrysotile asbestos and handled, removed, and reinstalled during repair and maintenance activities. We reconstructed historical work scenarios containing asbestos woven tape pipe lagging that have not been characterized in the published literature. The historical work scenarios were conducted by a retired railroad pipefitter with 37 years of experience working with materials and locomotives.
authors.affiliation: ENVIRON International Corporation, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Fred W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Boelter
authors.affiliation: RHP Risk Management Inc., Chicago, IL 60631.
authors.forename: Jacob D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Persky
authors.affiliation: ENVIRON International Corporation, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Podraza
authors.affiliation: CSX Transportation, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Bullock
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D017632:Asbestos, Serpentine / Q000032:analysis*; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D003657:Decision Making; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008853:Microscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D011890:Railroads; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D017632:Asbestos, Serpentine
keywords: Exposure reconstruction; railroad locomotive; risk characterization; risk communication