title: The Effect in Topical Use of Lycogen(TM) via Sonophoresis for Anti-aging on Facial Skin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anti-aging skin care is a growing popular topic in cosmetic and aesthetic fields, and skin care rather then makeup tips draw more attention nowadays. The phenomenon of skin aging includes thinning of skin losses of elasticity and moisture, pigmented spot formation, and wrinkle development. Along with growth in age, the decreased rates of epithelium renewal and cellular recovery as well as the reduced contents of elastin, collagen, and glycosaminoglycans all contribute to creases or folds of skin. Available strategies for wrinkle treatments include topical use of skin care products with anti-aging contents, dermabrasion, laser, Botox injection, fillers injection, and facelift. Though all of these above options can provide different degrees of improvement in facial wrinkles, the cost-effect, pain of intervention therapy, and necessity of repetitive treatment may impact on choices made. Topical use of anti-aging skin products is the most convenient and cheap way to achieve skin anti-aging effect. Lycogen(TM) is an antioxidant, which can prevent the downregulation of pro-collagen I, intracellular accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and achieve the aim of skin rejuvenation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six female patients were included in our study with ages between 30 and 45. They were randomly assigned to two groups: the vehicle control group and the experimental group. Patients in the control group applied a skin care product without Lycogen(TM)to the face via sonophoresis after facial cleanser use in the morning and at night. The experimental group applied a Lycogen(TM) -containing skin care product via sonophoresis in the same time schedule. We evaluated results, including pigmented spots, wrinkles, texture, pores, and red area by VISIA on weeks 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the aspect of pigmented spots, the experimental group showed significant difference in comparison with the vehicle control group on weeks 2, 6, 8, and 10. For wrinkles, the experimental group had better results on weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, and 10. Measured by texture, the experimental group had better results on weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. Determined by pores, the experimental group had better results on weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. Concerning red areas, the experimental group had better results on weeks 6, 8, and 10. (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study, we applied a Lycogen(TM)- containing product by sonophoresis as the experimental group in comparison with a skin care product without LycogenTM. VISIA (Canfield Imaging Systems, Fairfield, NJ) was used to evaluate facial skin in aspects of pigmented spots, wrinkles, texture, pores, and red area. Overall, Lycogen(TM) had proven effectiveness on anti-oxidation as patients who used the Lycogen TM -containing product had better outcomes.
authors.forename: Lai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hsin-Ti
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wen-Sheng
authors.forename: Wu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yi-Chia
authors.forename: Lai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ya-Wei
authors.forename: Zhi-Hong
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, San-Ming District, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan. davidw@kmu.edu.tw.|Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Tzyou 1st Rd. Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan. k831702000@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Wang Hui-Min
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Su-Shin
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D001688:Biological Products / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004548:Elasticity; D005145:Face; D006801:Humans; D000077276:Lycopene; D012242:Rhodobacter sphaeroides / Q000737:chemistry; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; C000606105:Lycogen; D002338:Carotenoids; D000077276:Lycopene