title: Proteome Analysis Unravels Mechanism Underling the Embryogenesis of the Honeybee Drone and Its Divergence with the Worker (Apis mellifera lingustica).
abstract: The worker and drone bees each contain a separate diploid and haploid genetic makeup, respectively. Mechanisms regulating the embryogenesis of the drone and its mechanistic difference with the worker are still poorly understood. The proteomes of the two embryos at three time-points throughout development were analyzed by applying mass spectrometry-based proteomics. We identified 2788 and 2840 proteins in the worker and drone embryos, respectively. The age-dependent proteome driving the drone embryogenesis generally follows the worker's. The two embryos however evolve a distinct proteome setting to prime their respective embryogenesis. The strongly expressed proteins and pathways related to transcriptional-translational machinery and morphogenesis at 24 h drone embryo relative to the worker, illustrating the earlier occurrence of morphogenesis in the drone than worker. These morphogenesis differences remain through to the middle-late stage in the two embryos. The two embryos employ distinct antioxidant mechanisms coinciding with the temporal-difference organogenesis. The drone embryo's strongly expressed cytoskeletal proteins signify key roles to match its large body size. The RNAi induced knockdown of the ribosomal protein offers evidence for the functional investigation of gene regulating of honeybee embryogenesis. The data significantly expand novel regulatory mechanisms governing the embryogenesis, which is potentially important for honeybee and other insects.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, 100093, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, 100093, China.
authors.forename: Mao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, 100093, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, 100093, China.
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, 100093, China.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, 100093, China.
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, 100093, China.
authors.forename: Xinmei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, 100093, China.
authors.forename: Lifeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, 100093, China.
authors.forename: Jianke
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000196:embryology*; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000502:physiology*; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D060066:Protein Interaction Maps / Q000502:physiology; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D040901:Proteomics
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D020543:Proteome
keywords: drone; embryo; honeybee; proteome; worker