title: Smartphone Image Acquisition During Postmortem Monocular Indirect Ophthalmoscopy.
abstract: The medical usefulness of smartphones continues to evolve as third-party applications exploit and expand on the smartphones' interface and capabilities. This technical report describes smartphone still-image capture techniques and video-sequence recording capabilities during postmortem monocular indirect ophthalmoscopy. Using these devices and techniques, practitioners can create photographic documentation of fundal findings, clinically and at autopsy, without the expense of a retinal camera. Smartphone image acquisition of fundal abnormalities can promote ophthalmological telemedicine--especially in regions or countries with limited resources--and facilitate prompt, accurate, and unbiased documentation of retinal hemorrhages in infants and young children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157.
authors.forename: Patrick E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Lantz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forensic Sciences, 2355 N. Stemmons Fwy., Dallas, TX, 75207.
authors.forename: Candace H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Schoppe
authors.affiliation: Thibault Scientific, LLC, 303 West Lancaster Ave., Wayne, PA, 19087.
authors.forename: Kirk L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Thibault
authors.affiliation: New York Police Department, 1 Police Plaza, New York, NY, 10038.
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Porter
mesh_terms: D004282:Documentation; D049429:Forensic Pathology / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D010781:Photography; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage; D000068997:Smartphone
keywords: abusive head trauma; forensic science; fundoscopy; postmortem monocular indirect ophthalmoscopy; retinal hemorrhages; smartphone; telemedicine