title: Methods of estimating liner compression.
abstract: The aim of this study was to compare 2 methods of measuring overpressure (OP) using a new test device designed to make OP measurements more quickly and accurately. Overpressure was measured with no pulsation (OP np) and with limited pulsation (OP lp) repeatedly on the same cow during a single milking. Each of the 6 liners (3 round liners and 3 triangular liners) used in this study were tested on the same 6 experimental cows. Both OP np and OP lp were measured on all 4 teats of each experimental cow twice for each liner. The order of OP np and OP lp alternated sequentially for each cow test. The OP results for the 6 liners were also compared with liner compression estimated on the same liners with a novel artificial teat sensor (ATS). The OP lp method showed small but significantly higher values than the OP np method (13.9 vs. 13.4 kPa). The OP lp method is recommended as the preferred method as it more closely approximates normal milking condition. Overpressure values decreased significantly between the first and the following measurements, (from 15.0 to 12.4 kPa). We recommend performing the OP test at a consistent time, 1 min after attaching the teatcup to a well-stimulated teat, to reduce the variability produced by OP changing during the peak flow period. The new test device had several advantages over previously published methods of measuring OP. A high correlation between OP and liner compression estimated by the ATS was found, but difficulties were noted when using the ATS with triangular liners.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leonardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706. Electronic address: penry@wisc.edu.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Penry
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Tangorra
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Reinemann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D003612:Dairying / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D007774:Lactation; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000473:pathology; D008892:Milk / Q000502:physiology*; D011312:Pressure / Q000009:adverse effects
keywords: artificial teat sensor; liner compression; overpressure