title: [Impact of mobile phone radiation on the quality and DNA methylation of human sperm in vitro].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influences of mobile phone radiation on the quality and DNA methylation of human sperm in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  According to the fifth edition of the WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen, we randomly selected 97 male volunteers with normal semen parameters and divided each semen sample from the subjects into two equal parts, one exposed to mobile phone radiation at 1950 M Hz, SAR3. 0 W/kg for 3 hours while the other left untreated as the control. We obtained routine semen parameters as well as the acrosomal reaction ability, apoptosis and DNA methylation of sperm, and compared them between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the control, the radiation group showed significantly decreased progressive sperm motility ([36.64 ± 16.93] vs [27.56 ± 16.92]%, P < 0.01) and sperm viability ([63.72 ± 16.35] vs [54.31 ± 17.35]%, P < 0.01) and increased sperm head defects ([69.92 ± 4.46] vs [71.17 ± 4.89]%, P < 0.05), but no significant differences in sperm acrosomal reaction ([66.20 ± 6.75] vs [64.50 ± 3.47]%, P > 0.05). The early apoptosis rate of sperm cells was remarkably higher in the radiation group ([6.89 ± 9.84]%) than in the control ([4.44 ± 5.89]%) (P < 0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were found between the control and radiation groups in the DNA methylation patterns of the paternal imprinting gene H19 ICR ([0.60 ± 0.02] vs [1.40 ± 0.03]%, P > 0.05) or the maternal imprinting gene KvDMR1 ([0.00 ± 0.00] vs [1.80 ± 0.031%, P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mobile phone radiation reduces the progressive motility and viability of human sperm and increases sperm head defects and early apoptosis of sperm cells.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ye-fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Shu-qiang
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hui-jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Xu-hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xiao-hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D040421:Cell Phone; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D012661:Semen / Q000528:radiation effects; D055101:Semen Analysis; D013077:Sperm Head / Q000528:radiation effects; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000528:radiation effects; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology / Q000528:radiation effects*