title: Noncompliance with Human Subjects' Protection Requirements as a Reason for Retracting Papers: Survey of Retraction Notices on Medical Papers Published from 1981 to 2011.
abstract: Though protection of human research subjects is universally recognized as a critical requirement for the ethical conduct of research, few studies have examined retractions of medical articles through apparent noncompliance with that requirement. From our survey of 99 retracted papers published from 1981 to 2011, we found that the basis for those decisions was poorly explained in retraction notices and that most of the articles continued to be cited. In retraction notices, the current manner of explaining failure to protect human subjects is misleading and confusing.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Public Policy, The Institute of Medical Science , The University of Tokyo , Minato-ku , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: a Department of Public Policy, The Institute of Medical Science , The University of Tokyo , Minato-ku , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muto
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000941:ethics / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D011642:Publications / Q000592:standards*; D035842:Research Subjects / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D012180:Retraction of Publication as Topic
keywords: Citation; ethical requirement; human subjects’ protection; retraction