title: Metabolism of nitazoxanide in rats, pigs, and chickens: Application of liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid linear ion trap/Orbitrap mass spectrometer.
abstract: Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is a nitrothiazole benzamide compound with a broad activity spectrum against parasites, Gram-positive and Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, and viruses. In this study, hybrid linear ion trap/Orbitrap mass spectrometer providing a high mass resolution and accuracy was used to investigate the metabolism of NTZ in rats, pigs, and chickens. The results revealed that acetylation and glucuronidation were the main metabolic pathways in rats and pigs, whereas acetylation and sulfation were the major metabolic pathways in chickens, which indicated interspecies variations in drug metabolism and elimination. With the accurate mass data and the characteristic MS(n) product ions, we identified six metabolites in which tizoxanide and hydroxylated tizoxanide were phase I metabolites and tizoxanide glucuronide, tizoxanide glucose, tizoxanide sulfate and hydroxyl tizoxanide sulfate were phase II metabolites. Hydroxylated tizoxanide and tizoxanide glucose were identified for the first time. All the comprehensive data were provided to make out the metabolism of NTZ in rats, pigs and chickens more clearly.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors.forename: Xianhui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors.forename: Chunna
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. Electronic address: chenzl@scau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhangliu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors.forename: Yahong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors.forename: Limin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors.forename: Zhenling
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors.forename: Chaoqun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors.forename: Guangfang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors.forename: Shuaipeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013552:Swine; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D009574:Nitro Compounds; D013844:Thiazoles; C041747:nitazoxanide
keywords: Animals; Hybrid linear ion trap/Orbitrap mass spectrometer; Metabolites; Nitazoxanide