title: General Life and Diabetes-Related Stressors in Early Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To examine general and diabetes-related stressors in early adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were from 205 participants (58% female; 33% minority; 11-14 years) enrolled in a clinical trial. Teens identified their top 3 stressors and responded to open-ended questions. A content analysis method was used to identify themes across stressor categories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight-two percent of teens reported that school was a top stressor, followed by social life (49%) and diabetes (48%). We identified 5 themes of general life stressors (fitting in, having friends, balancing competing demands, living with family, and feeling pressure to do well) and 3 themes of diabetes-specific stressors (just having diabetes, dealing with emotions, and managing diabetes).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Though teens with T1D experienced stressors specific to T1D, they perceived stress related to normal adolescent growth and development more frequently. Teens with T1D may need psychosocial support that holistically addresses both typical developmental and diabetes-related stressors.
authors.forename: Ariana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Karl E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Minges
authors.forename: Chorong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dumser
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grey
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Whittemore
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D016497:Adolescent Health Services; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D036301:Qualitative Research; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D016903:Drug Monitoring
keywords: Stress; adolescents; type 1 diabetes