title: Citrate Attenuates Adenine-Induced Chronic Renal Failure in Rats by Modulating the Th17/Treg Cell Balance.
abstract: Citrate is commonly used as an anticoagulant in hemodialysis for chronic renal failure (CRF) and for the regulation of the immune dysfunction in CRF patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of citrate on the balance of T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells in CRF. The levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr) were significantly increased in the CRF model group compared to the control group, and were decreased in the citrate-treated groups. Citrate treatment inhibited the viability of Th17 cells while elevating the viability of Treg cells in CRF rats. Moreover, Th17-related cytokines significantly decreased while the Treg-related cytokines significantly increased with citrate treatment. Moreover, citrate had a negative influence on the deviation of Th17/Treg cells in CRF rats. Therefore, our study suggests that citrate had an anti-inflammatory effect on CRF through the modulation of the Th17/Treg balance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 the Fifth Western Street, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China. yanousx@163.com.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Shuiqin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 the Fifth Western Street, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 the Fifth Western Street, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Baosong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 the Fifth Western Street, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Ganglian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 the Fifth Western Street, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Liqun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 the Fifth Western Street, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 the Fifth Western Street, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Rongguo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 the Fifth Western Street, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 the Fifth Western Street, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 the Fifth Western Street, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Lining
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 the Fifth Western Street, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Lifang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 the Fifth Western Street, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Zhaoyang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Duan
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D057132:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C500522:Foxp3 protein, rat; D057132:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3; D019343:Citric Acid; D003404:Creatinine; D000225:Adenine
keywords: Th17 cells; chronic renal failure; citrate; regulatory T cells