title: Nicotine Dependence in Adolescence and Physical Health Symptoms in Early Adulthood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To examine the prospective associations of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders nicotine dependence (ND) and other individual and parental factors in adolescence on self-reported health symptoms in early adulthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multiethnic prospective longitudinal cohort of adolescents from grades 6-10 and a parent (N = 908) from the Chicago Public Schools. Adolescents were interviewed five times at 6-month intervals (Waves 1-5) and once 4.5 years later (Wave 6). Parents were interviewed annually three times (W1, W3, W5). Multivariate regressions estimated prospective associations of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ND, other individual and familial risk factors in adolescence (mean age 16.6) on physical health symptoms in early adulthood (mean age 21.3), controlling for health symptoms in adolescence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of health symptoms declined from adolescence to early adulthood, except among dependent smokers. Nicotine dependent adolescents reported more health symptoms as young adults than nonsmokers and nondependent smokers, especially if depressed. ND and health symptoms in adolescence were the strongest predictors of health in early adulthood. These two adolescent factors, depression, and the familial factors of parental ND, depression and health conditions, each independently predicted health symptoms in young adulthood. Females reported more symptoms than males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is continuity of health status over time. ND, depression, and parental factors in adolescence contribute to poor health in early adulthood. The findings highlight not only the role of adolescent behavior, but the importance of the family in the development of young adult health. Reducing smoking, particularly ND, and depression among adolescents and parents will decrease physical health burden.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY; Epidemiology of Substance Abuse Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY;
authors.forename: Pamela C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Griesler
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY;
authors.forename: Mei-Chen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY; Epidemiology of Substance Abuse Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY; Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY dbk2@cumc.columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Denise B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Kandel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000067697:Adolescent Health; D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult