title: Detection and Genetic Characterization of Lineage IV Peste Des Petits Ruminant Virus in Kazakhstan.
abstract: Peste des petits ruminant (PPR) is endemic in many Asian countries with expansion of the range in recent years including across China during 2013-2014 (OIE, 2014). Till the end of 2014, no cases of PPR virus (PPRV) were officially reported to the Office Internationale des Epizooties (OIE) from Kazakhstan. This study describes for the first time clinicopathological, epidemiological and genetic characterization of PPRV in 3 farm level outbreaks reported for the first time in Zhambyl region (oblast), southern Kazakhstan. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial N gene sequence data confirms the lineage IV PPRV circulation, similar to the virus that recently circulated in China. The isolated viruses are 99.5-99.7% identical to the PPRV isolated in 2014 from Heilongjiang Province in China and therefore providing evidence of transboundary spread of PPRV. There is a risk of further maintenance of virus in young stock despite vaccination of adult sheep and goats, along livestock trade and pastoral routes, threatening both small livestock and endangered susceptible wildlife populations throughout Kazakhstan.
authors.affiliation: Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Herts, UK.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kock
authors.affiliation: RGE 'Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems', Committee of Science, The Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Gvardeiskiy, Zhambylskaya oblast, Republic of Kazakhstan.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Orynbayev
authors.affiliation: RGE 'Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems', Committee of Science, The Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Gvardeiskiy, Zhambylskaya oblast, Republic of Kazakhstan.
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Sultankulova
authors.affiliation: RGE 'Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems', Committee of Science, The Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Gvardeiskiy, Zhambylskaya oblast, Republic of Kazakhstan.
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Strochkov
authors.affiliation: RGE 'Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems', Committee of Science, The Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Gvardeiskiy, Zhambylskaya oblast, Republic of Kazakhstan.
authors.forename: Z D
authors.initials: ZD
authors.lastname: Omarova
authors.affiliation: RGE 'Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems', Committee of Science, The Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Gvardeiskiy, Zhambylskaya oblast, Republic of Kazakhstan.
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Shalgynbayev
authors.affiliation: RGE 'Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems', Committee of Science, The Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Gvardeiskiy, Zhambylskaya oblast, Republic of Kazakhstan.
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Rametov
authors.affiliation: RGE 'Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems', Committee of Science, The Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Gvardeiskiy, Zhambylskaya oblast, Republic of Kazakhstan.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sansyzbay
authors.affiliation: The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parida
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D003710:Demography; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D006041:Goats; D007623:Kazakhstan / Q000453:epidemiology; D029021:Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D018107:Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010802:Phylogeny; D012756:Sheep
keywords: Kazakhstan; PPR; emerging disease; genetic characterization; lineage IV PPRV; small ruminants; wildlife