title: Evaluation of minimal dose of atracurium for cataract surgery in children: A prospective randomized double-blind study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cataract surgery when performed under general anesthesia, especially without neuromuscular blocking agents, eccentric position of the eye has been reported. However, no evidence exists for the need and optimal dose of neuromuscular blocking agents for surgical reasons when the anesthetic management may be done without its need. We hypothesize that the minimal dose atracurium may accomplish the surgical requirement of cataract surgery in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  After ethical committee approval, this double-blind, prospective, randomized study was conducted in children scheduled for cataract surgery under general anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced in a standardized manner and using laryngeal mask airway. The patients were randomized into four groups of 55 patients each and atracurium was administered as per group allocation: Group 0: No atracurium was administered; Group 50: Received atracurium at 50% dose of ED95; Group 75: Received atracurium at 75% dose of ED95; Group 100: Received atracurium of 100% dose of ED95. Surgeon was asked to grade surgical condition just after the stab incision in the cornea. The primary outcome variable included the need of atracurium supplementation based on grading of surgical conditions by the operating surgeon who was blinded to the randomized group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The need of atracurium due to unacceptable surgical conditions based on surgeon satisfaction score was statistically significant when compared among the groups being maximum in Group 0 (P < 0.001). Also, the surgeon satisfaction score was statistically significant among the groups (P < 0.0001) with the least satisfaction in Group 0. The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion score was statistically significant in the four groups (P - 0.001). However, number of attempts for LMA placement was comparable among the four groups (P - 0.766).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that a balanced anesthetic technique including atracurium provided better surgical condition for cataract procedures in children. The surgical condition improved with increasing dose of atracurium from 25% to 100% ED95 dose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Vanlal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Darlong
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Ravinder
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: Department of Opthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Sudarshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khokhar
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.lastname: Chandralekha
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Renu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Jyotsna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Punj
authors.affiliation: Department of Opthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sinha
keywords: Anesthesia; atracurium; cataract; children; dose; eye position