title: Vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction using a low-toxicity solvent for the determination of five organophosphorus pesticides in water samples by high-performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: Vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection was applied to determine Isocarbophos, Parathion-methyl, Triazophos, Phoxim and Chlorpyrifos-methyl in water samples. 1-Bromobutane was used as the extraction solvent, which has a higher density than water and low toxicity. Centrifugation and disperser solvent were not required in this microextraction procedure. The optimum extraction conditions for 15 mL water sample were: pH of the sample solution, 5; volume of the extraction solvent, 80 μL; vortex time, 2 min; salt addition, 0.5 g. Under the optimum conditions, enrichment factors ranging from 196 to 237 and limits of detection below 0.38 μg/L were obtained for the determination of target pesticides in water. Good linearities (r > 0.9992) were obtained within the range of 1-500 μg/L for all the compounds. The relative standard deviations were in the range of 1.62-2.86% and the recoveries of spiked samples ranged from 89.80 to 104.20%. The whole proposed methodology is simple, rapid, sensitive and environmentally friendly for determining traces of organophosphorus pesticides in the water samples.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Guilong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: National Centre for International Research of Low Carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mmereki
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Guangming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Weiliang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Leilei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Junhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Yufeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mao
keywords: Bromobutane; Liquid-liquid microextraction; Organophosphorus pesticides; Vortex-assisted extraction