title: Impact of diet and nutraceutical supplementation on inflammation in elderly people. Results from the RISTOMED study, an open-label randomized control trial.
abstract: Eating habits may influence the life span and the quality of ageing process by modulating inflammation. The RISTOMED project was developed to provide a personalized and balanced diet, enriched with or without nutraceutical compounds, to decrease and prevent inflammageing, oxidative stress and gut microbiota alteration in healthy elderly people. This paper focused on the effect on inflammation and metabolism markers after 56 days of RISTOMED diet alone or supplementation with three nutraceutical compounds.
  
  
  
  A cohort of 125 healthy elderly subjects was recruited and randomized into 4 arms (Arm A, RISTOMED diet; Arm B, RISTOMED diet plus VSL#3 probiotic blend; Arm C, RISTOMED diet plus AISA d-Limonene; Arm D, RISTOMED diet plus Argan oil). Inflammatory and metabolism parameters as well as the ratio between Clostridium cluster IV and Bifidobacteria (CL/B) were collected before and after 56 days of dietary intervention, and their evolution compared among the arms. Moreover, participants were subdivided according to their baseline inflammatory parameters (erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR), C-Reactive Protein, fibrinogen, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alfa (TNF-α), and Interleukin 6) in two clusters with low or medium-high level of inflammation. The evolution of the measured parameters was then examined separately in each cluster.
  
  
  
  Overall, RISTOMED diet alone or with each nutraceutical supplementation significantly decreased ESR. RISTOMED diet supplemented with d-Limonene resulted in a decrease in fibrinogen, glucose, insulin levels and HOMA-IR. The most beneficial effects were observed in subjects with a medium-high inflammatory status who received RISTOMED diet with AISA d-Limonene supplementation. Moreover, RISTOMED diet associated with VSL#3 probiotic blend induced a decrease in the CL/B ratio.
  
  
  
  Overall, this study emphasizes the beneficial anti-inflammageing effect of RISTOMED diet supplemented with nutraceuticals to control the inflammatory status of elderly individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ostan
authors.affiliation: Hematology Laboratory, University Hospital CHU, 9 Quai Moncousu, 44000 Nantes, France.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Béné
authors.affiliation: Biostatistical Center INRCA, Via S. Margherita 5, 60100 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spazzafumo
authors.affiliation: Experimental Medicine Department, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: Experimental Medicine Department, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Donini
authors.affiliation: Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, National Research Council of Italy, CNR, (ISOF), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pryen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University Mohammed V-Agdal, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Charrouf
authors.affiliation: Department Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valentini
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lochs
authors.affiliation: CHU Bordeaux, Clinical Gerontology, France; CNRS, RMSB, UMR 5536, France; University Bordeaux, RMSB, UMR 5536, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bourdel-Marchasson
authors.affiliation: CHU Bordeaux, Clinical Gerontology, France; CNRS, RMSB, UMR 5536, France; University Bordeaux, RMSB, UMR 5536, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blanc-Bisson
authors.affiliation: R&D, VoxNet CEO, Via Giovanni Paisiello 32, 00198 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Buccolini
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brigidi
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy; IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy; National Research Council of Italy, CNR, Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Franceschi
authors.affiliation: Biopark Campus Cancer, 1 mail du Pr Georges Mathé, 94807 Villejuif, France. Electronic address: endocell@wanadoo.fr.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: d'Alessio
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000628:therapy*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D000077222:Limonene; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013729:Terpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D005340:Fibrinogen; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D000077222:Limonene; D010938:Plant Oils; D013729:Terpenes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C555574:argan oil
keywords: Ageing; Diet; Inflammation; Nutraceutics; Probiotics; d-Limonene