title: Intracoronary Infusion of Thioflavin-S to Study Microvascular Obstruction in a Model of Myocardial Infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Microvascular obstruction exerts deleterious effects after myocardial infarction. To elucidate the role of ischemia-reperfusion injury on the occurrence and dynamics of microvascular obstruction, we performed a preliminary methodological study to accurately define this process in an in vivo model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Myocardial infarction was induced in swine by means of 90-min of occlusion of the mid left anterior descending coronary artery using angioplasty balloons. Intracoronary infusion of thioflavin-S was applied and compared with traditional intra-aortic or intraventricular instillation. The left anterior descending coronary artery perfused area and microvascular obstruction were quantified in groups with no reperfusion (thioflavin-S administered through the lumen of an inflated over-the-wire balloon) and with 1-min, 1-week, and 1-month reperfusion (thioflavin-S administered from the intracoronary catheter after balloon deflation).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison with intra-aortic and intraventricular administration, intracoronary infusion of thioflavin-S permitted a much clearer assessment of the left anterior descending coronary artery perfused area and of microvascular obstruction. Ischemia-reperfusion injury exerted a decisive role on the occurrence and dynamics of microvascular obstruction. The no-reperfusion group displayed completely preserved perfusion. With the same duration of coronary occlusion, microvascular obstruction was already detected in the 1-min reperfusion group (14%±7%), peaked in the 1-week reperfusion group (21%±7%), and significantly decreased in the 1-month reperfusion group (4%±3%; P<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We present proof-of-concept evidence on the crucial role of ischemia-reperfusion injury on the occurrence and dynamics of microvascular obstruction. The described porcine model using intracoronary injection of thioflavin-S permits accurate characterization of microvascular obstruction after myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Arantxa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hervas
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Dios
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Forteza
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Gema
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Miñana
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universitat de València, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nuñez
authors.affiliation: Universitat de València, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Amparo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Sauri
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universitat de València, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bonanad
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Nerea
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Perez-Sole
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universitat de València, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Chorro
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universitat de València, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: vicente.bodi@uv.es.
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bodi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D054059:Coronary Occlusion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D008833:Microcirculation; D055806:Microvessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010781:Photography; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013552:Swine; D013844:Thiazoles; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D052160:Benzothiazoles; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D013844:Thiazoles; C009462:thioflavin T
keywords: Infarto de miocardio; Microcirculación; Microcirculation; Modelo porcino; Myocardial infarction; Swine model