title: Clinical Features and Outcomes of Takayasu Arteritis with Neurological Symptoms in China: A Retrospective Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinical features and longterm outcomes of patients with Takayasu arteritis (TA) in China who experienced neurological symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was undertaken of patients with TA who attended a single study center from 2002 to 2013, who also exhibited neurological symptoms (n = 274). Clinical and imaging features were analyzed, as well as longterm outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age at disease onset was 28.2 ± 11.2 years, with a female-to-male ratio of 4.3:1. The most common neurological manifestation was dizziness (214, 78.1%), the most frequent type of TA was type III (112, 40.9%), and the most common affected artery was the left subclavian (147, 53.6%). Involvement of 3 or 4 branches of the aortic arch was observed in 28% of patients. Among 30 patients experiencing a stroke (10.9%), steno-occlusive lesions of the subclavian artery and common carotid artery were frequently observed in patients with ischemic stroke, while steno-occlusive lesions of the descending aorta, abdominal aorta, and/or renal arteries were more frequently observed with hemorrhagic stroke. Heart failure was the most common cardiovascular event in those who died (n = 6) and in surviving cohorts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neurological features in patients with TA were variable, and correlated with the number of arteries and the site of artery involvement. Resistant hypertension was one of the most important risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke in patients with TA.
authors.affiliation: From the Hypertension Division, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.L. Yang, MD, PhD; H. Zhang, MD; X. Jiang, MD; L. Song, MD, PhD; F. Qin, MD; Y. Zou, MD, PhD; H. Wu, MD; J. Bian, MD; X. Zhou, MD, PhD; R. Hui, MD, PhD; D. Zheng, MD, Hypertension Division, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College.
authors.forename: Lirui
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: From the Hypertension Division, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.L. Yang, MD, PhD; H. Zhang, MD; X. Jiang, MD; L. Song, MD, PhD; F. Qin, MD; Y. Zou, MD, PhD; H. Wu, MD; J. Bian, MD; X. Zhou, MD, PhD; R. Hui, MD, PhD; D. Zheng, MD, Hypertension Division, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College. zhanghuimin@medmail.com.cn fwjiangxiongjing@163.com.
authors.forename: Huimin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: From the Hypertension Division, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.L. Yang, MD, PhD; H. Zhang, MD; X. Jiang, MD; L. Song, MD, PhD; F. Qin, MD; Y. Zou, MD, PhD; H. Wu, MD; J. Bian, MD; X. Zhou, MD, PhD; R. Hui, MD, PhD; D. Zheng, MD, Hypertension Division, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College. zhanghuimin@medmail.com.cn fwjiangxiongjing@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiongjing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: From the Hypertension Division, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.L. Yang, MD, PhD; H. Zhang, MD; X. Jiang, MD; L. Song, MD, PhD; F. Qin, MD; Y. Zou, MD, PhD; H. Wu, MD; J. Bian, MD; X. Zhou, MD, PhD; R. Hui, MD, PhD; D. Zheng, MD, Hypertension Division, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: From the Hypertension Division, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.L. Yang, MD, PhD; H. Zhang, MD; X. Jiang, MD; L. Song, MD, PhD; F. Qin, MD; Y. Zou, MD, PhD; H. Wu, MD; J. Bian, MD; X. Zhou, MD, PhD; R. Hui, MD, PhD; D. Zheng, MD, Hypertension Division, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: From the Hypertension Division, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.L. Yang, MD, PhD; H. Zhang, MD; X. Jiang, MD; L. Song, MD, PhD; F. Qin, MD; Y. Zou, MD, PhD; H. Wu, MD; J. Bian, MD; X. Zhou, MD, PhD; R. Hui, MD, PhD; D. Zheng, MD, Hypertension Division, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College.
authors.forename: Yubao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: From the Hypertension Division, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.L. Yang, MD, PhD; H. Zhang, MD; X. Jiang, MD; L. Song, MD, PhD; F. Qin, MD; Y. Zou, MD, PhD; H. Wu, MD; J. Bian, MD; X. Zhou, MD, PhD; R. Hui, MD, PhD; D. Zheng, MD, Hypertension Division, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College.
authors.forename: Haiying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: From the Hypertension Division, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.L. Yang, MD, PhD; H. Zhang, MD; X. Jiang, MD; L. Song, MD, PhD; F. Qin, MD; Y. Zou, MD, PhD; H. Wu, MD; J. Bian, MD; X. Zhou, MD, PhD; R. Hui, MD, PhD; D. Zheng, MD, Hypertension Division, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.affiliation: From the Hypertension Division, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.L. Yang, MD, PhD; H. Zhang, MD; X. Jiang, MD; L. Song, MD, PhD; F. Qin, MD; Y. Zou, MD, PhD; H. Wu, MD; J. Bian, MD; X. Zhou, MD, PhD; R. Hui, MD, PhD; D. Zheng, MD, Hypertension Division, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College.
authors.forename: Xianliang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: From the Hypertension Division, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.L. Yang, MD, PhD; H. Zhang, MD; X. Jiang, MD; L. Song, MD, PhD; F. Qin, MD; Y. Zou, MD, PhD; H. Wu, MD; J. Bian, MD; X. Zhou, MD, PhD; R. Hui, MD, PhD; D. Zheng, MD, Hypertension Division, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College.
authors.forename: Rutai
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.affiliation: From the Hypertension Division, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.L. Yang, MD, PhD; H. Zhang, MD; X. Jiang, MD; L. Song, MD, PhD; F. Qin, MD; Y. Zou, MD, PhD; H. Wu, MD; J. Bian, MD; X. Zhou, MD, PhD; R. Hui, MD, PhD; D. Zheng, MD, Hypertension Division, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College.
authors.forename: Deyu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000379:methods*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D015607:Stents; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015996:Survival Rate; D013625:Takayasu Arteritis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: NEUROLOGICAL; STROKE; TAKAYASU ARTERITIS