title: Communication Skills in Dental Students: New Data Regarding Retention and Generalization of Training Effects.
abstract: Previous studies have shown that a communications program using patient instructors (PIs) facilitates data-gathering and interpersonal skills of third-year dental students. The aim of this study was to address the question of whether those skills are retained into the students' fourth year and generalized from the classroom to the clinic. In the formative training phase, three cohorts of D3 students (N=1,038) at one dental school received instruction regarding effective patient-doctor communication; interviewed three PIs and received PI feedback; and participated in a reflective seminar with a behavioral science instructor. In the follow-up competency phase, fourth-year students performed two new patient interviews in the clinic that were observed and evaluated by clinical dental faculty members trained in communications. Mean scores on a standardized communications rating scale and data-gathering assessment were compared over training and follow-up sessions and between cohorts with a linear mixed model. The analysis showed that the third-year students' mean communication and data-gathering scores increased with each additional encounter with a PI (p<0.05) and that communication scores were not only maintained but increased during the fourth-year follow-up competency evaluations (p<0.05). Based on changes in the communications curriculum, prior instruction facilitated the students' clinical communication performance at baseline (p<0.05). This study suggests that the current Clinical Communications program improved students' data-gathering and interpersonal skills. Those skills were maintained and generalized through completion of the D4 students' summative competency performance in a clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Broder is Professor, Department of Cariology and Comprehensive Care, New York University College of Dentistry; Dr. Janal is Senior Research Scientist, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, New York University College of Dentistry; Dr. Mitnick is Assistant Research Scientist and Adjunct Instructor, Department of Cariology and Comprehensive Care, New York University College of Dentistry; Ms. Rodriguez is Research Administrator and Adjunct Instructor, Department of Cariology and Comprehensive Care, New York University College of Dentistry; and Dr. Sischo is Assistant Research Scientist and Adjunct Instructor, Department of Cariology and Comprehensive Care, New York University College of Dentistry hillary.broder@nyu.edu.
authors.forename: Hillary L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Broder
authors.affiliation: Dr. Broder is Professor, Department of Cariology and Comprehensive Care, New York University College of Dentistry; Dr. Janal is Senior Research Scientist, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, New York University College of Dentistry; Dr. Mitnick is Assistant Research Scientist and Adjunct Instructor, Department of Cariology and Comprehensive Care, New York University College of Dentistry; Ms. Rodriguez is Research Administrator and Adjunct Instructor, Department of Cariology and Comprehensive Care, New York University College of Dentistry; and Dr. Sischo is Assistant Research Scientist and Adjunct Instructor, Department of Cariology and Comprehensive Care, New York University College of Dentistry.
authors.forename: Malvin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Janal
authors.affiliation: Dr. Broder is Professor, Department of Cariology and Comprehensive Care, New York University College of Dentistry; Dr. Janal is Senior Research Scientist, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, New York University College of Dentistry; Dr. Mitnick is Assistant Research Scientist and Adjunct Instructor, Department of Cariology and Comprehensive Care, New York University College of Dentistry; Ms. Rodriguez is Research Administrator and Adjunct Instructor, Department of Cariology and Comprehensive Care, New York University College of Dentistry; and Dr. Sischo is Assistant Research Scientist and Adjunct Instructor, Department of Cariology and Comprehensive Care, New York University College of Dentistry.
authors.forename: Danielle M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Mitnick
authors.affiliation: Dr. Broder is Professor, Department of Cariology and Comprehensive Care, New York University College of Dentistry; Dr. Janal is Senior Research Scientist, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, New York University College of Dentistry; Dr. Mitnick is Assistant Research Scientist and Adjunct Instructor, Department of Cariology and Comprehensive Care, New York University College of Dentistry; Ms. Rodriguez is Research Administrator and Adjunct Instructor, Department of Cariology and Comprehensive Care, New York University College of Dentistry; and Dr. Sischo is Assistant Research Scientist and Adjunct Instructor, Department of Cariology and Comprehensive Care, New York University College of Dentistry.
authors.forename: Jasmine Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Dr. Broder is Professor, Department of Cariology and Comprehensive Care, New York University College of Dentistry; Dr. Janal is Senior Research Scientist, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, New York University College of Dentistry; Dr. Mitnick is Assistant Research Scientist and Adjunct Instructor, Department of Cariology and Comprehensive Care, New York University College of Dentistry; Ms. Rodriguez is Research Administrator and Adjunct Instructor, Department of Cariology and Comprehensive Care, New York University College of Dentistry; and Dr. Sischo is Assistant Research Scientist and Adjunct Instructor, Department of Cariology and Comprehensive Care, New York University College of Dentistry.
authors.forename: Lacey
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sischo
mesh_terms: D057189:Checklist; D002983:Clinical Competence; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003142:Communication; D003162:Competency-Based Education; D003479:Curriculum; D003812:Dentist-Patient Relations; D004497:Education, Dental; D005246:Feedback; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D016544:Patient Simulation; D015397:Program Evaluation; D013335:Students, Dental; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods
keywords: communication; dental education; dentist-patient relations; interpersonal skills; patient care management; patient instructors; patient simulation