title: Symbiotic effectiveness and phylogeny of rhizobia isolated from faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in Sichuan hilly areas, China.
abstract: A total of 54 rhizobial strains were isolated from faba bean root nodules in 21 counties of Sichuan hilly areas in China, and their symbiotic effectiveness, genetic diversity and phylogeny were assessed. Only six strains increased the shoot dry mass of the host plant significantly (P ≤ 0.05). Based on the cluster analysis of combined 16S rDNA and intergenic spacer region (IGS) PCR-RFLP, the strains were divided into 31 genotypes in 11 groups, indicating a high degree of genetic diversity among the strains. The sequence analysis of three housekeeping genes (atpD, glnII and recA) and 16S rDNA indicated that the strains represented two R. leguminosarum, two Rhizobium spp., R. mesosinicum, Agrobacterium sp. and A. tumefaciens. The strains representing four Rhizobium species were divided into two distinct nodC and nifH genotypes. However, the phylogeny of housekeeping genes and symbiotic genes was not congruent, implying that the strains had been shaped by vertical evolution of the housekeeping genes and lateral evolution of the symbiotic genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China. Electronic address: xkwei@sicau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Kai Wei
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China. Electronic address: 18200353226@163.com.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Fin-00014, Finland. Electronic address: petri.penttinen@helsinki.fi.
authors.forename: Petri
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Penttinen
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China. Electronic address: 1173704119@qq.com.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China. Electronic address: 727805451@qq.com.
authors.forename: Nan Nan
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Heng
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China. Electronic address: zhangxiaopingphd@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiao Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China. Electronic address: cqiang@sicau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China. Electronic address: zhaoke82@126.com.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China. Electronic address: cyxue2002@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Yuan Xue
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D016960:Agrobacterium tumefaciens; D002681:China; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D010802:Phylogeny; D063245:Plant Development; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012230:Rhizobiaceae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D053204:Root Nodules, Plant / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013559:Symbiosis; D031307:Vicia faba / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
keywords: Faba bean ;·Symbiotic effectiveness ;·Genetic diversity ;·MLSA; Rhizobia