title: Effectiveness of single dose conivaptan for correction of hyponatraemia in post-operative patients following major head and neck surgeries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Conivaptan, a vasopressin receptor antagonist, is commonly used for the treatment of euvolaemic, hypervolaemic hyponatraemia. Usually, an intravenous (IV) bolus followed by infusion is administered for many days. We decided to assess the effectiveness of single dose conivaptan for correction of hyponatraemia in post-operative patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, randomised trial conducted in 40 symptomatic post-operative Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients with a serum sodium level of ≤130 mEq/L. Group A patients received IV conivaptan 20 mg over 30 min, whereas in group B infusion of 3% hypertonic saline was started as an infusion at the rate of 20-30 ml/h. Serum sodium levels were measured at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h and the daily fluid balance was measured for 3 days. The Chi-square test, Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann-Whitney tests were used as applicable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum sodium levels before initiating treatment were comparable between groups. However, subsequent sodium levels at 12, 24 and 48 h showed significantly high values in group A. Though at 72 h the mean sodium value was high in group A, it was not statistically significant. Group A showed a significantly high fluid loss on day 1, 2 and 3. The mean volume of hypertonic saline required in group B showed a steady decline from day 1 to 3 and only 13 patients required hypertonic saline on the 3(rd) day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single dose conivaptan is effective in increasing serum sodium levels in post-operative ICU patients up to 72 h associated with a significant negative fluid balance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Soumya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srikumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Lakshmi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kumar
keywords: Conivaptan; hypertonic saline; hyponatraemia; intensive care unit patients; post-operative