title: Role of capsid proteins in parvoviruses infection.
abstract: The parvoviruses are widely spread in many species and are among the smallest DNA animal viruses. The parvovirus is composed of a single strand molecule of DNA wrapped into an icosahedral capsid. In a viral infection, the massy capsid participates in the entire viral infection process, which is summarized in this review. The capsid protein VP1 is primarily responsible for the infectivity of the virus, and the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of the VP1 serves as a guide to assist the viral genome in locating the nucleus. The dominant protein VP2 provides an "anti-receptor", which interacts with the cellular receptor and leads to the further internalization of virus, and, the N-terminal of VP2 also cooperates with the VP1 to prompt the process of nucleus translocation. Additionally, a cleavage protein VP3 is a part of the capsid, which exists only in several members of the parvovirus family; however, the function of this cleavage protein remains to be fully determined. Parvoviruses can suffer from the extreme environmental conditions such as low pH, or even escape from the recognition of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), due to the protection of the stable capsid, which is thought to be an immune escape mechanism. The applications of the capsid proteins to the screening and the treatment of diseases are also discussed. The processes of viral infection should be noted, because understanding the virus-host interactions will contribute to the development of therapeutic vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China. ttiyun@163.com.
authors.forename: Mengyu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China. liufei@sicau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China. sophia_cs@163.com.|Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China. sophia_cs@163.com.|Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China. sophia_cs@163.com.
authors.forename: Shun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China. mshwang@163.com.|Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China. mshwang@163.com.|Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China. mshwang@163.com.
authors.forename: Mingshu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China. chenganchun@vip.163.com.|Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China. chenganchun@vip.163.com.|Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China. chenganchun@vip.163.com.
authors.forename: Anchun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002213:Capsid / Q000378:metabolism; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006801:Humans; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010321:Parvoviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010322:Parvoviridae Infections / Q000821:virology*; D021381:Protein Transport
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins