title: Cardiorespiratory and anesthetic effects produced by the combination of butorphanol, medetomidine and alfaxalone administered intramuscularly in Beagle dogs.
abstract: This study evaluated anesthesia quality, degree of analgesia and cardiorespiratory parameters after intramuscular (IM) injection of a combination of butorphanol (0.1 mg/kg), medetomidine (10 µg/kg) and alfaxalone (1.5 mg/kg) in ten healthy adult Beagle dogs. Rectal temperature (T), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (fR), arterial pressure, arterial blood gases and M-mode echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) indices were measured before drug administration and every 10 min thereafter until extubation. Mean duration of anesthesia, recovery and analgesia were 89 ± 17, 6 ± 1 and 80 ± 12 min. HR, fR, partial pressure of arterial CO2 and O2, arterial pressure, and LV contractility were significantly altered during anesthesia. IM administration of the drug combination provided acceptable anesthesia, but produced substantial cardiorespiratory suppression.
authors.affiliation: Section of Small Animal Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jongsung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sangil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Changbaig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hyun
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000662:veterinary; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D020926:Medetomidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011277:Pregnanediones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000777:Anesthetics; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D011277:Pregnanediones; C006477:alphaxalone; D020926:Medetomidine; D002077:Butorphanol