title: Sterol Composition in Infant Formulas and Estimated Intake.
abstract: Sterol contents in infant formulas (IFs) from the European market were determined, and their intakes by infants between 0 and 6 months were evaluated. Total animal sterols (mg/100 mL) ranged from 1.71 to 5.46, cholesterol being the main animal sterol (1.46-5.1). In general, cholesterol and desmosterol were lower than the human milk (HM) values indicated by other authors. Total plant sterol (mg/100 mL) ranged from 3.1 to 5.0. β-Sitosterol, the most abundant phytosterol, ranged from 1.82 to 3.01, followed by campesterol (0.72-1.15), stigmasterol (0.27-0.53), and brassicasterol (0.14-0.28). Cholesterol intake (mg/day) ranged from 9 to 51 and plant sterol intake (mg/day) from 19 to 50. The sterol profile of IFs is highly dependent on the type and quantity of fats used in their formula. The use of bovine milk fat and milk fat globule membrane in the IFs can approximate the profile of animal sterols to those found in HM, though cholesterol intakes in breastfed infants are still higher than in formula-fed infants.
authors.affiliation: †Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Claumarchirant
authors.affiliation: ‡R+D Department, Hero Group, Avenida Murcia 1, 30820 Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Matencio
authors.affiliation: ‡R+D Department, Hero Group, Avenida Murcia 1, 30820 Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis Manuel
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Siles
authors.affiliation: †Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Amparo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alegría
authors.affiliation: †Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: María Jesús
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lagarda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D015394:Molecular Structure; D013261:Sterols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D013261:Sterols
keywords: bovine milk fat; cholesterol; infant formula; intake; milk fat globule membrane; plant sterols