title: [Cranial nerve palsies: ganglioside autoantibodies indicating an immunoneuropathy].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cranial neuropathies are not infrequent and need a broad differential diagnostic approach. Etiologically autoimmune processes have to be considered.
  
  
  METHODS
  In five patients with cranial neuropathy (in two cases lesion of the abducens nerve, in one case bilateral facial palsy, in one case abducens, facial and bilateral vestibular lesion, in one case bilateral glossopharyngeal lesion) IgG and IgM autoantibodies directed against most relevant gangliosides were quantitatively analyzed (Bühlmann Laboratories AG, Schönenbuch, Switzerland). All patients underwent lumbar puncture and cranial imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Trauma, tumor, elevated intracranial pressure and vascular lesion could be excluded. In one patient varicella infection as a cofactor was probable, in the remaining patients direct infection could be excluded. In one patient a prominent cyto-albumin dissociation of the CSF was found. In all patients autoantibodies directed against gangliosides were detected with positive antibodies against GD1a and GD1b in all patients. Prior to the cranial neuropathy one patient reported an infection of the upper airway and one reported an infection of the gastrointestinal tract. One patient was treated with steroids and one patient with intravenous immunoglobulin, the other patients were been carefully observed. All patients recovered well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Autoimmune processes with positive autoantibodies directed against gangliosides can be found in cranial neuropathy. Based on these observations an immunomodulating therapy should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Neurologische Klinik, Klinikum Landshut.
authors.forename: Miklos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banati
authors.affiliation: Neurologische Klinik, Klinikum Landshut.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vachalova
authors.affiliation: Neurologische Klinik, Klinikum Landshut.
authors.forename: Iryna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vynogradova
authors.affiliation: Neurologische Klinik, Klinikum Landshut.
authors.forename: Josef Georg
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Heckmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D020274:Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology*; D003389:Cranial Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood*; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D005732:Gangliosides; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M