title: Combination of vitamin E and clomiphene citrate in treating patients with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia: A prospective, randomized trial.
abstract: The most common cause of male infertility is idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia. Empirical medical treatment for idiopathic male infertility is still a controversial issue. The aim of this study was to evaluate any possible effects of combining vitamin E as antioxidant and clomiphene citrate as antiestrogen on spermatozoa concentration and motility in comparison to give either of medications alone in patients with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia. This is a comparative prospective randomized study. Ninety patients with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia were randomized into equally three groups: Group A: received vitamin E (400 mg/day) for 6 months. Group B: received clomiphene citrate (25 mg daily) for 6 months. Group C: received combination of both drugs in the same doses for 6 months. All patients were subjected to the following: history taking, general and genital examination, semen analysis, serum FSH, total testosterone, and scrotal duplex. Semen examination was performed according to the guidelines of (WHO, 2010), at the start of treatment and was repeated after 3 months and after 6 months of treatment. Regarding vitamin E group, there was insignificant increase in mean sperm concentration after 6 months of treatment in comparison to baseline. On the other hand, there was a significant improvement of mean sperm concentration in the other two groups after 6 months of treatment, with more significance in combination therapy group (p = 0.001). The mean total sperm motility has improved in all patients groups, in comparison to baseline, with more significance in combination therapy group. In vitamin E group, it was 28.07 ± 9.65% (p = 0.000). For those in clomiphene citrate group, was 33.33 ± 14.10% (p = 0.003) and 40.50 ± 17.54% (p = 0.000) in combination therapy group. Combining antioxidant and anti-estrogen therapy is a valid option for the treatment of a selected group of men with unexplained isolated oligoasthenozoospermia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: ElSheikh
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Hosny
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elshenoufy
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Elghamrawi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fayad
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abdelrahman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053627:Asthenozoospermia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D053713:Azoospermia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002996:Clomiphene / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012611:Scrotum / Q000502:physiology; D055101:Semen Analysis; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D014810:Vitamin E; D002996:Clomiphene; D013739:Testosterone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone
keywords: semen analysis; sperm count; sperm motility; sperm quality parameters; subfertility; treatment