title: Parental experiences of racial discrimination and youth racial socialization in two-parent African American families.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Parents experiencing racial discrimination are likely to transmit racial socialization messages to their children to protect them from future injustices. This study was conducted to better understand the role of parents' racial discrimination in their racial socialization practices for 2-parent African American families.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a sample from the Promoting Strong African American Families (N = 322 couples) program, we examined the effects of experienced discrimination on one's own and one's partner's racial socialization practices with male (n = 154) and female (n = 168) offspring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple-group actor-partner interdependence models showed that racial discrimination was associated with racial socialization practices. In addition, maternal experiences of discrimination had stronger relations to socialization messages relayed to daughters and greater paternal experiences of discrimination had stronger relations to socialization messages given to sons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates variability in how male and female children in African American families are socialized as a result of their parents' experiences with racial discrimination.
authors.affiliation: Department of African American Studies.
authors.forename: Shardé
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McNeil Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Child Sciences.
authors.forename: Jamila E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Child Sciences.
authors.forename: Frank D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Fincham
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology.
authors.forename: Steven R H
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Beach
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations / Q000208:ethnology; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D063505:Racism / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D012933:Social Identification; D012951:Socialization; D014481:United States