title: Health-related quality of life in long-term survivors with Grade II gliomas: the contribution of disease recurrence and Karnofsky Performance Status.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although the number of long-term survivors of glioma has increased, there has been little research on the health-related quality of life of long-term survivors of Grade II glioma following treatment with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In this study, we aimed to document the health-related quality of life of people diagnosed with Grade II glioma who had survived >10 years with no evidence of disease at the time of the health-related quality of life survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate the health-related quality of life of Grade II glioma survivors without evidence of disease, we surveyed 50 patients 0-20 years after their initial treatments. Each patient completed a multi-part health-related quality of life questionnaire. Based on these surveys, we examined the relationships between health-related quality of life scores and time since initial treatment, Karnofsky Performance Scale scores at the time of the survey, and history of recurrence, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Excepting bladder control, long-term survivors maintained their quality of life as determined by comparing patients surveyed < 5 and ≥ 10 years after their initial treatment (P < 0.05). Neither radiotherapy nor chemotherapy at the initial treatment was observed to affect health-related quality of life. However, a history of recurrence was significantly associated with deteriorations in many health-related quality of life functional and symptom scores. The Karnofsky Performance Scale scores of patients with a history of recurrence were significantly lower than those without it (P = 0.02). This deterioration was observed in both univariate and multivariate analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that declines in health-related quality of life among long-term survivors of Grade II glioma mainly result from impaired Karnofsky Performance Scale, which is a consequence of disease recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Osaka.
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okita
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo yonarita@ncc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Narita
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo.
authors.forename: Ruriko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miyahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo.
authors.forename: Yasuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyakita
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo Department of Neurosurgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine University Hospital, Mizonokuchi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Soichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shibui
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D017567:Karnofsky Performance Status; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D011788:Quality of Life; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: BN20; Grade II glioma; QLQ-C30; long-term survivor; quality of life