title: Evaluation of total body water in canine breeds by single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis method: specific equations are needed for accuracy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Equations based on single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis at 50 kHz for determination of total body water content (TBW) have been previously validated in healthy non-sedated beagle dogs. We investigated whether these equations are predictive of TBW in various canine breeds by comparing the results of these equations with TBW values evaluated directly by deuterium oxide (D2O) dilution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total body water content of 13 healthy adult pet dogs of various breeds was determined directly using D2O dilution and indirectly using previous equations based on values obtained with a portable bioelectric impedance device. Paired Student's t-tests were used to compare TBW obtained by single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis and D2O dilution. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences were observed between TBW determined by the reference method and the values obtained with both predictive equations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed equations including single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis parameters validated at 50 kHz in healthy adult beagles need to be modified including morphological parameters such as body size and shape in a first approach. As in humans, morphological-specific equations have to be developed and validated.
authors.affiliation: Breeding and Sport Medicine Unit, Université Paris-Est, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, Maisons-Alfort, 94704, France. nutrition@colliard.fr.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yaguiyan-Colliard
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Endocrinology Unit, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes (ONIRIS), Atlanpole La Chantrerie, route de Gachet, CS 40706, 44307, Nantes Cedex 3, France. daumascaroline@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Daumas
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Endocrinology Unit, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes (ONIRIS), Atlanpole La Chantrerie, route de Gachet, CS 40706, 44307, Nantes Cedex 3, France. patrick.nguyen@oniris-nantes.fr.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Breeding and Sport Medicine Unit, Université Paris-Est, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, Maisons-Alfort, 94704, France. dgrandjean@vet-alfort.fr.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grandjean
authors.affiliation: Experimental and Clinical Respiratory Neurophysiology Unit, Faculté de Médecine Pierre and Marie Curie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMRS-1158, 91 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75634, Paris Cedex 13, France. philippe.cardot@upmc.fr.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cardot
authors.affiliation: École Nationale Vétérinaire UMR1331 Toxalim INRA/INP/UPS-ENVT, BP 87614, 31076, Toulouse Cedex 3, France. n.priymenko@envt.fr.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Priymenko
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Medicine Unit, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes (ONIRIS), Atlanpole La Chantrerie, route de Gachet, CS 40706, 44307, Nantes Cedex 3, France. francoise.roux@oniris-nantes.fr.
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Roux
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D001823:Body Composition; D001834:Body Water; D001835:Body Weight; D001947:Breeding; D017666:Deuterium Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D007201:Indicator Dilution Techniques; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D017666:Deuterium Oxide