title: SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE Up-Regulates TEMPRANILLO2 Floral Repressor at Low Ambient Temperatures.
abstract: Plants integrate day length and ambient temperature to determine the optimal timing for developmental transitions. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the floral integrator FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and its closest homolog TWIN SISTER OF FT promote flowering in response to their activator CONSTANS under long-day inductive conditions. Low ambient temperature (16°C) delays flowering, even under inductive photoperiods, through repression of FT, revealing the importance of floral repressors acting at low temperatures. Previously, we have reported that the floral repressors TEMPRANILLO (TEM; TEM1 and TEM2) control flowering time through direct regulation of FT at 22°C. Here, we show that tem mutants are less sensitive than the wild type to changes in ambient growth temperature, indicating that TEM genes may play a role in floral repression at 16°C. Moreover, we have found that TEM2 directly represses the expression of FT and TWIN SISTER OF FT at 16°C. In addition, the floral repressor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) directly regulates TEM2 but not TEM1 expression at 16°C. Flowering time analyses of svp tem mutants indicate that TEM may act in the same genetic pathway as SVP to repress flowering at 22°C but that SVP and TEM are partially independent at 16°C. Thus, TEM2 partially mediates the temperature-dependent function of SVP at low temperatures. Taken together, our results indicate that TEM genes are also able to repress flowering at low ambient temperatures under inductive long-day conditions.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona-Universitat de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain (E.M.-G., L.M.-H., A.E.A.-J., P.S.-L., S.P.);Creative Research Initiatives, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea (J.H.L., J.H.A.); andInstitució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain (S.P.).
authors.forename: Esther
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9158-5969
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marín-González
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona-Universitat de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain (E.M.-G., L.M.-H., A.E.A.-J., P.S.-L., S.P.);Creative Research Initiatives, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea (J.H.L., J.H.A.); andInstitució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain (S.P.).
authors.forename: Luis
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5626-9576
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Matías-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona-Universitat de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain (E.M.-G., L.M.-H., A.E.A.-J., P.S.-L., S.P.);Creative Research Initiatives, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea (J.H.L., J.H.A.); andInstitució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain (S.P.).
authors.forename: Andrea E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Jaramillo
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona-Universitat de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain (E.M.-G., L.M.-H., A.E.A.-J., P.S.-L., S.P.);Creative Research Initiatives, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea (J.H.L., J.H.A.); andInstitució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain (S.P.).
authors.forename: Jeong Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona-Universitat de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain (E.M.-G., L.M.-H., A.E.A.-J., P.S.-L., S.P.);Creative Research Initiatives, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea (J.H.L., J.H.A.); andInstitució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain (S.P.).
authors.forename: Ji Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona-Universitat de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain (E.M.-G., L.M.-H., A.E.A.-J., P.S.-L., S.P.);Creative Research Initiatives, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea (J.H.L., J.H.A.); andInstitució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain (S.P.).
authors.forename: Paula
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5748-9263
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Suárez-López
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona-Universitat de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain (E.M.-G., L.M.-H., A.E.A.-J., P.S.-L., S.P.);Creative Research Initiatives, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea (J.H.L., J.H.A.); andInstitució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain (S.P.) soraya.pelaz@cragenomica.es.
authors.forename: Soraya
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7699-9330
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pelaz
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D035264:Flowers / Q000502:physiology*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D009154:Mutation; D049488:Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D013696:Temperature; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C418905:FT protein, Arabidopsis; D049488:Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein; C117696:RAV2 protein, Arabidopsis; C407549:SVP protein, Arabidopsis; C533191:TEM1 protein, Arabidopsis; C500577:TSF protein, Arabidopsis; D014157:Transcription Factors