title: Pregnancy outcomes in women with growth hormone deficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study pregnancies in a large group of patients with growth hormone deficiency and hypopituitarism; and to investigate potential factors determining pregnancy outcomes and pregnancy complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed pregnancies reported in KIMS, the Pfizer International Metabolic Database, of adult patients with growth hormone deficiency treated with growth hormone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 201 pregnancies were reported: 173 in female patients and 28 in partners of male patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Growth hormone replacement therapy (GHRT) was prescribed according to the local clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnancy outcomes (live births, gestational week at delivery, and birth weight), pregnancy complications, and their relationship to use of GHRT during pregnancy were analyzed with regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two-thirds of women underwent fertility treatment to achieve pregnancy. Growth hormone replacement therapy was stopped before pregnancy in 7.5% of the female patients, as soon as pregnancy was confirmed in 40.1%, and at the end of the second trimester in 24.7% of the patients, whereas 27.6% continued GHRT throughout pregnancy. Birth of a healthy child was reported in 79% of the female pregnancies, nonelective abortions occurred mainly in the first trimester, and one fetal malformation (cystic hygroma) was diagnosed in the second trimester. Pregnancy outcomes and pregnancy complications were not related to GHRT treatment patterns, method of conception, or number of additional pituitary deficiencies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data on pregnancy outcomes in a large group of women with hypopituitarism revealed no relationship between GHRT regimens and pregnancy outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: greisa.vila@meduniwien.ac.at.
authors.forename: Greisa
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vila
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Endocrine Care, Sollentuna, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ann-Charlotte
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Akerblad
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Endocrine Care, Sollentuna, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anders F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Mattsson
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riedl
authors.affiliation: IIB-Sant Pau and Service of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER Unidad 747), Hospital Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Václav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hána
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Eigil H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Beverly M K
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Biller
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001724:Birth Weight; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency*; D006801:Humans; D007018:Hypopituitarism / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D050498:Live Birth; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011446:Prospective Studies; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019382:Human Growth Hormone
keywords: Growth hormone; hormone replacement therapy; pituitary deficiency; pituitary tumors; pregnancy