title: Zinc supplementation induces apoptosis and enhances antitumor efficacy of docetaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exposure to exogenous zinc results in increased apoptosis, growth inhibition, and altered oxidative stress in cancer cells. Previous studies also suggested that zinc sensitizes some cancer cells to cytotoxic agents depending on the p53 status. Therefore, zinc supplementation may show anticancer efficacy solely and may increase docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity in non-small-cell lung cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here, we report the effects of several concentrations of zinc combined with docetaxel on p53-wild-type (A549) and p53-null (H1299) cells. We evaluated cellular viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression as well as oxidative stress parameters, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Zinc reduced the viability of A549 cells and increased the apoptotic response in both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Zinc also amplified the docetaxel effects and reduced its inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values. The superoxide dismutase levels increased in all treatment groups; however, glutathione peroxidase was slightly increased in the combination treatments. Zinc also caused malondialdehyde elevations at 50 μM and 100 μM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Zinc has anticancer efficacy against non-small-cell lung cancer cells in the presence of functionally active p53 and enhances docetaxel efficacy in both p53-wild-type and p53-deficient cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Turkey ; Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Turkey.
authors.forename: Hilal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kocdor
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Turkey.
authors.forename: Halil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ates
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Firat University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey.
authors.forename: Suleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Turkey.
authors.forename: Ruksan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cehreli
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Turkey.
authors.forename: Firat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Soyarat
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Turkey.
authors.forename: Pinar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kemanli
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Turkey.
authors.forename: Duygu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Harmanci
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Turkey.
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cengiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kocdor
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D043823:Taxoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D043823:Taxoids; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D000077143:Docetaxel; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D015032:Zinc
keywords: A549; H1299; docetaxel; lung cancer; zinc