title: Imprinted nanospheres based on precipitation polymerization for the simultaneous extraction of six urinary benzene metabolites from urine followed by injector port silylation and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric analysis.
abstract: In the present communication, uniformly sized molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as nanospheres were synthesized based on precipitation polymerization using dual-template imprinting approach and used it as sorbent for solid phase extraction of six urinary benzene metabolites (UBMs). This approach in combination with injector port silylation (IPS) has been used for the quantitative determination of these UBMs by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The MIP was synthesized by using t,t-muconic acid (t,t-MA) and 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene (THB) as templates, methacrylic acid (MAA) as a monomer, ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate (EGDMA) as crosslinker, acetonitrile and dimethylsulphoxide as a porogen and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator. The factors affecting the performance of polymer and IPS were investigated and optimized for the simultaneous determination of UBMs in urine. Binding study of imprinted and non-imprinted polymer (NIP) shows that, MIP possesses higher affinity in comparison to NIP for these analytes. Under the optimum conditions, the method developed was found to be linear with regression coefficients falls in the range of 0.9721-0.9988 for all the analyzed metabolites. The percent recovery of the metabolites analyzed in urine was found to be in the range of 76-89%, while the limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be in the range of 0.9-9.1ngmL(-1) and 2.8-27ngmL(-1) respectively. The validated method was successfully applied to the real urine samples collected from different groups (kitchen workers, smokers and petroleum workers) and found that the developed method has been promising applications in the routine analysis of urine samples of benzene exposed population.
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-IITR, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India.
authors.forename: Abhishek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-IITR, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India.
authors.forename: Tejasvi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-IITR, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India.
authors.forename: Manoj Kumar
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-IITR, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India.
authors.forename: Pathya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-IITR, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Department of Applied Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, India.
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: SEM facility, CSIR-IITR, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India.
authors.forename: Prem Narain
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-IITR, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India. Electronic address: mohanitrc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohana Krishna Reddy
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Mudiam
mesh_terms: D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000652:urine*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D054118:Nanospheres; D058105:Polymerization
chemical_list: D001555:Benzene Derivatives
keywords: Dual-template imprinting approach; Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; Injector-port silylation; Molecularly imprinted nanospheres; Precipitation polymerization; Urinary benzene metabolites