title: Kinetics of Local and Systemic Leucocyte and Cytokine Reaction of Calves to Intrabronchial Infection with Chlamydia psittaci.
abstract: Infection of cattle with chlamydiae is ubiquitous and, even in the absence of clinical sequeleae, has a quantifiable negative impact on livestock productivity. Despite recent progress, our knowledge about immune response mechanisms capable of counteracting the infection and preventing its detrimental effects is still limited. A well-established model of bovine acute respiratory Chlamydia (C.) psittaci infection was used here to characterize the kinetics of the local and systemic immune reactions in calves. In the course of two weeks following inoculation, leukocyte surface marker expression was monitored by flow cytometry in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Immune-related protein and receptor transcription were determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR in blood, BALF and lung tissue. An early increase of IL2RA, IL10 and HSPA1A mRNA expressions was followed by a rise of lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes exhibiting activated phenotypes in blood. Monocytes showed elevated expression rates of CD11b, CD14 and MHC class II. The rates of CD62L expression on CD8hi T cells in blood and on CD4+ T cells in BALF were also augmented and peaked between 2 and 4 dpi. Notably, CD25 antigen expression was significantly elevated, not only on CD8dim/CD62L+ and CD8-/CD62L+ cells in blood, but also on granulocytes in blood and BALF between 2-3 dpi. From 4 dpi onwards, changes declined and the calves recovered from the infection until 10 dpi. The findings highlight the effectiveness of rapid local and systemic immune reaction and indicate activated T cells, monocytes and granulocytes being essential for rapid eradication of the C. psittaci infection.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis at 'Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut' (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prohl
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.affiliation: Ruminant and Swine Clinic at Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Corinna
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Ruminant and Swine Clinic at Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Kerstin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis at 'Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut' (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Menge
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis at 'Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut' (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Konrad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sachse
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rödel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis at 'Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut' (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reinhold
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis at 'Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut' (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berndt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001980:Bronchi / Q000382:microbiology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D002691:Chlamydophila psittaci; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000276:immunology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D019041:L-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D039481:CD11b Antigen; D016207:Cytokines; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D019041:L-Selectin; D016753:Interleukin-10