title: AGE AND REPEATED BIOPSY INFLUENCE ANTEMORTEM PRP(CWD) TESTING IN MULE DEER (ODOCOILEUS HEMIONUS) IN COLORADO, USA.
abstract: Biopsy of rectal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue provides a useful, but imperfect, live-animal test for chronic wasting disease (CWD) in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). It is difficult and expensive to complete these tests on free-ranging animals, and wildlife health managers will benefit from methods that can accommodate test results of varying quality. To this end, we developed a hierarchical Bayesian model to estimate the probability that an individual is infected based on test results. Our model was estimated with the use of data on 210 adult female mule deer repeatedly tested during 2010-14. The ability to identify infected individuals correctly declined with age and may have been influenced by repeated biopsy. Fewer isolated lymphoid follicles (where PrP(CWD) accumulates) were obtained in biopsies of older deer and the proportion of follicles showing PrP(CWD) was reduced. A deer's genotype in the prion gene (PRNP) also influenced detection. At least five follicles were needed in a biopsy to assure a 95% accurate test in PRNP genotype 225SS deer.
authors.affiliation: 1  Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, 1499 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Geremia
authors.affiliation: 2  Department of Statistics, 1877 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hoeting
authors.affiliation: 3  Colorado Division of Parks and Wildlife, Wildlife Health Program, 4330 Laporte Avenue, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.affiliation: 4  Department of Biology, 1878 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Nathan L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Galloway
authors.affiliation: 4  Department of Biology, 1878 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Antolin
authors.affiliation: 5  Colorado State Diagnostics Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Terry R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Spraker
authors.affiliation: 3  Colorado Division of Parks and Wildlife, Wildlife Health Program, 4330 Laporte Avenue, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA.
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: 1  Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, 1499 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA.
authors.forename: N Thompson
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Hobbs
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D001706:Biopsy / Q000662:veterinary; D003120:Colorado / Q000453:epidemiology; D003670:Deer; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue; D008954:Models, Biological; D011328:Prions / Q000235:genetics*; D034081:Wasting Disease, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D011328:Prions
keywords: Bayesian; capture–mark–recapture; chronic wasting disease; mule deer; prion; test sensitivity