title: Prospective Study of Arterial Stiffness and Subsequent Cognitive Decline Among Community-Dwelling Older Japanese.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is inversely associated with cognitive function. However, it is not known whether baPWV predicts cognitive decline (CD) in later life. We examined whether or not baPWV is an independent risk marker of subsequent CD in a population of older Japanese.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 982 adults aged 65 years or older who participated in a baseline survey, 526 cognitively intact adults (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] score ≥24; mean [SD] age, 71.7 [5.6] years; women, 57.8%) were followed for a period of up to 5 years. Pulse wave velocity was determined using an automated waveform analyser. Cognition was assessed by the MMSE, and CD was defined as a decrease of two points or more on the MMSE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During an average follow-up of 3.4 years, 85 participants (16.2%) developed CD. After controlling for important confounders, the odds ratios for CD in the highest and middle tertiles of baPWV, as compared with the lowest tertile, were 2.95 (95% confidence interval, 1.29-6.74) and 2.39 (95% confidence interval, 1.11-5.15), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High baPWV was an independent predictor of CD in a general population of older adults and may be useful in the clinical evaluation of elders.
authors.affiliation: Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nofuji
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murayama
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seino
authors.forename: Rika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tajima
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuyama
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shinkai
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D000842:Ankle / Q000098:blood supply; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001917:Brachial Plexus / Q000098:blood supply; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011673:Pulsatile Flow / Q000502:physiology; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000502:physiology*