title: Picroside II Inhibits the MEK-ERK1/2-COX2 Signal Pathway to Prevent Cerebral Ischemic Injury in Rats.
abstract: The objective of this study is to explore the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of picroside II on ERK1/2-COX2 signal transduction pathway after cerebral ischemic injury in rats. Focal cerebral ischemic models were established by inserting monofilament threads into the middle cerebral artery in 200 Wistar rats. Twenty four rats were randomly selected into control group, while the other rats were randomly divided into six groups: model group, picroside group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with picroside group, U0126 with picroside group, LPS group, and U0126 group with each group containing three subgroups with ischemia at 6, 12, and 24 h. Neurobehavioral function in the rats was evaluated by modified neurological severity score points (mNSS) test; structure of neurons was observed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining; apoptotic cells were counted using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay; expressions of phosphorylated mitogen/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinas1/2 (pMEK1/2), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase1/2 (pERK1/2), and cyclooxygenase (COX2) in the cortex were determined using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot (WB); and real-time PCR was used to determine the level of COX2 mRNA. The neurological behavioral malfunction appeared in all rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). In the model group, neuron damage was extensive, while the neurobehavioral function score, apoptotic cell index, expression of pMEK1/2, pERK1/2, and COX2 and the level of COX2 mRNA increased significantly when compared to the control group. The peak COX2 mRNA level was in ischemia 12 h, prior to the peak in COX2 protein expression. In the picroside and U0126 groups, the neurological behavioral function was improved, and the number of apoptotic cells and the expression of pMEK1/2, pERK1/2, and COX2 decreased significantly when compared to the model group. In the LPS with picroside group, at ischemia 6 h neuron damage was extensive, and pMEK1/2, pERK1/2, and COX2 expression were much higher than in the model group. But at ischemia 12 and 24 h, the expression of pMEK1/2, pERK1/2, and COX2 decreased slightly, and the neurobehavioral function also improved slightly. In LPS group, neuron damage was extensive, pMEK1/2, pERK1/2, and COX2 expression was still at a high level, and COX2 mRNA peak arrived at ischemic 12 h. Picroside II downregulates COX2 expression after MCAO by inhibiting MEK-ERK1/2 in rats to protect neurons from apoptosis and inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Taishan Scholars Construction Project Excellent Innovative Team of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266003, China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Taishan Scholars Construction Project Excellent Innovative Team of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266003, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Taishan Scholars Construction Project Excellent Innovative Team of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266003, China.
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Taishan Scholars Construction Project Excellent Innovative Team of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266003, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Taishan Scholars Construction Project Excellent Innovative Team of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266003, China. guoqdsd@163.com.
authors.forename: Yunliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002070:Butadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002070:Butadienes; D002934:Cinnamates; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009570:Nitriles; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C113580:U 0126; C416837:picroside II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C489691:Ptgs2 protein, rat; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases
keywords: Apoptosis; COX2; Cerebral ischemia; ERK1/2; Inflammatory reaction; Picroside II; Rats