title: Retrospective evaluation of the effect of antivenom administration on hospitalization duration and treatment cost for dogs envenomated by Crotalus viridis: 113 dogs (2004-2012).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effect of antivenom administration on mortality, hospitalization duration, and cost of hospitalization for dogs envenomated by Crotalus viridis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study (January 2004-December 2012).
  
  
  METHODS
  Private veterinary emergency and referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirteen dogs with confirmed C. viridis envenomation.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dogs were divided into groups treated with either supportive care only (group 1) or supportive care plus antivenin crotalidae polyvalent (group 2). A modified snakebite severity score was used to compare patients from group 1 and group 2. Patients in group 2 received one 10 mL vial of antivenin crotalidae polyvalent over 4-6 hours. The mortality rate was 1.8% (2/113).  Group 1 had a median duration of hospitalization of 20 hours (range, 8-50 hours), while group 2 had a median duration of hospitalization of 24 hours (range, 1.5-74 hours). Group 1 had a median cost of hospitalization of 1050.00 USD (range, 423.52-2266.09 USD) while group 2 had a median cost of hospitalization of 2002.19 USD (range, 1139.91-6908.01 USD). Both the duration of hospitalization (P < 0.01) and the cost of hospitalization (P < 0.01) were significantly greater in the group of dogs receiving antivenom.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the cost and the duration of hospitalization were significantly greater in the group of dogs that received antivenom. The difference in cost between the groups was approximately the cost of the antivenom vial and administration. Amongst the parameters evaluated, no significant benefit was associated with antivenom administered to dogs envenomated by C. viridis.
authors.affiliation: From Wheat Ridge Animal Hospital, 3695 Kipling Street, Wheat Ridge, CO 8003.
authors.forename: Julia E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Katzenbach
authors.affiliation: From Wheat Ridge Animal Hospital, 3695 Kipling Street, Wheat Ridge, CO 8003.
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Foy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000997:Antivenins / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000633:toxicity*; D017839:Crotalus; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D004285:Dogs; D004630:Emergencies; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006760:Hospitalization; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012909:Snake Bites / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000997:Antivenins; D003435:Crotalid Venoms
keywords: antivenin; canine; pit viper; prairie rattlesnake; snakebite