title: Wearable sensor-based objective assessment of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Effective management and development of new treatment strategies of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) largely depend on clinical rating instruments like the Unified PD rating scale (UPDRS) and the modified abnormal involuntary movement scale (mAIMS). Regarding inter-rater variability and continuous monitoring, clinical rating scales have various limitations. Patient-administered questionnaires such as the PD home diary to assess motor stages and fluctuations in late-stage PD are frequently used in clinical routine and as clinical trial endpoints, but diary/questionnaire are tiring, and recall bias impacts on data quality, particularly in patients with cognitive dysfunction or depression. Consequently, there is a strong need for continuous and objective monitoring of motor symptoms in PD for improving therapeutic regimen and for usage in clinical trials. Recent advances in battery technology, movement sensors such as gyroscopes, accelerometers and information technology boosted the field of objective measurement of movement in everyday life and medicine using wearable sensors allowing continuous (long-term) monitoring. This systematic review summarizes the current wearable sensor-based devices to objectively assess the various motor symptoms of PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Christiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ossig
authors.affiliation: Division of Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders, Fondazione Ospedale, San Camillo, Venice, Italy.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antonini
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buhmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Classen
authors.affiliation: Gertrudis-Kliniken im Parkinson Zentrum, Regionalzentrum Biskirchen, 35638, Leun-Biskirchen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Csoti
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, RWTH University Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Falkenburger
authors.affiliation: Neurologische Klinik, Klinikum Dortmund, 44137, Dortmund, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Neurology, University Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany. alexander.storch@med.uni-rostock.de.|German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany. alexander.storch@med.uni-rostock.de.|Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, 18147, Rostock, Germany. alexander.storch@med.uni-rostock.de.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Storch
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D039781:PubMed / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Accelerometer; Clinical scores; Gyroscope; Motor symptoms; Objective measurement; Parkinson’s disease (PD)