title: Advances in photocatalytic disinfection of bacteria: Development of photocatalysts and mechanisms.
abstract: Photocatalysis has attracted worldwide attention due to its potential in solar energy conversion. As a "green" advanced oxidation technology, it has been extensively used for water disinfection and wastewater treatment. This article provides a review of the recent progress in solar energy-induced photocatalytic disinfection of bacteria, focusing on the development of highly efficient photocatalysts and their underlying mechanisms in bacterial inactivation. The photocatalysts are classified into TiO2-based and non-TiO2-based systems, as TiO2 is the most investigated photocatalyst. The synthesis methods, modification strategies, bacterial disinfection activities and mechanisms of different types of photocatalysts are reviewed in detail. Emphasis is given to the modified TiO2, including noble metal deposition, non-metal doping, dye sensitization and composite TiO2, along with typical non-TiO2-based photocatalysts for bacterial disinfection, including metal oxides, sulfides, bismuth metallates, graphene-based photocatalysts, carbon nitride-based photocatalysts and natural photocatalysts. A simple and versatile methodology by using a partition system combined with scavenging study is introduced to study the photocatalytic disinfection mechanisms in different photocatalytic systems. This review summarizes the current state of the work on photocatalytic disinfection of bacteria, and is expected to offer useful insights for the future development in the field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China; School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Wanjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Guocheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China; Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: jimyu@cuhk.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Jimmy C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: pkwong@cuhk.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Po Keung
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D010782:Photolysis; D013472:Sunlight; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Bacterial disinfection; Bismuth metallates; Disinfection mechanism; Partition system; Photocatalysis; TiO(2)