title: Hospital Costs Associated With Agitation in the Acute Care Setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study determined hospital costs associated with a diagnosis of agitation among patients at 14 general hospitals in Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from discharge records of adult patients (2008-2012) with a diagnosis of agitation (ICD-9-CM code 293.0) were analyzed. Incremental hospital costs for agitated patients and a control group of patients without agitation were quantified, and the adjusted cost and incremental cost for both groups were compared by use of a recycled-predictions approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis included 355,496 hospital discharges, 5,334 of which were of patients with a diagnosis of agitation. Among patients with a diagnosis of agitation, hospital stays were significantly longer (12 days versus nine days). A significant difference in mean costs of €472 (95% confidence interval [CI]=€351-€593) was noted between patients with agitation and those in the control group. A recycled-predictions approach showed a difference of €1,593(CI=€1,556-€1,631).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings indicate that agitation increased the use of hospital resources by at least 8%.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Cots and Mr. Chiarello are with the Department of Epidemiology and Evaluation, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. Dr. Cots is also with the Research Network on Health Services in Chronic Diseases, Barcelona. Dr. Pérez is with Instituto de Neuropsiquiatría y Adicciones and with Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona. Dr. Gracia is with the Health Economics Department, Scientific Area, Ferrer Internacional, Barcelona, where Ms. Becerra was affiliated when this work was done. Send correspondence to Dr. Gracia (e-mail: alfredogracia@ferrer.com ).
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cots
authors.affiliation: Dr. Cots and Mr. Chiarello are with the Department of Epidemiology and Evaluation, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. Dr. Cots is also with the Research Network on Health Services in Chronic Diseases, Barcelona. Dr. Pérez is with Instituto de Neuropsiquiatría y Adicciones and with Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona. Dr. Gracia is with the Health Economics Department, Scientific Area, Ferrer Internacional, Barcelona, where Ms. Becerra was affiliated when this work was done. Send correspondence to Dr. Gracia (e-mail: alfredogracia@ferrer.com ).
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chiarello
authors.affiliation: Dr. Cots and Mr. Chiarello are with the Department of Epidemiology and Evaluation, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. Dr. Cots is also with the Research Network on Health Services in Chronic Diseases, Barcelona. Dr. Pérez is with Instituto de Neuropsiquiatría y Adicciones and with Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona. Dr. Gracia is with the Health Economics Department, Scientific Area, Ferrer Internacional, Barcelona, where Ms. Becerra was affiliated when this work was done. Send correspondence to Dr. Gracia (e-mail: alfredogracia@ferrer.com ).
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: Dr. Cots and Mr. Chiarello are with the Department of Epidemiology and Evaluation, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. Dr. Cots is also with the Research Network on Health Services in Chronic Diseases, Barcelona. Dr. Pérez is with Instituto de Neuropsiquiatría y Adicciones and with Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona. Dr. Gracia is with the Health Economics Department, Scientific Area, Ferrer Internacional, Barcelona, where Ms. Becerra was affiliated when this work was done. Send correspondence to Dr. Gracia (e-mail: alfredogracia@ferrer.com ).
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gracia
authors.affiliation: Dr. Cots and Mr. Chiarello are with the Department of Epidemiology and Evaluation, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. Dr. Cots is also with the Research Network on Health Services in Chronic Diseases, Barcelona. Dr. Pérez is with Instituto de Neuropsiquiatría y Adicciones and with Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona. Dr. Gracia is with the Health Economics Department, Scientific Area, Ferrer Internacional, Barcelona, where Ms. Becerra was affiliated when this work was done. Send correspondence to Dr. Gracia (e-mail: alfredogracia@ferrer.com ).
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Becerra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D017721:Hospital Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000191:economics*; D013030:Spain; D055815:Young Adult