title: Rebound exercise: A beneficial adjuvant for sedentary non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetic individuals in a rural environment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although physical activity and exercises are recommended for diabetes, fear of fatigue and resources are often constraints. Rebound exercise on a mini trampoline is a relatively new aerobic exercise and this study evaluated its impact on glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c ), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and body mass index (BMI) for sedentary type 2 diabetic (T2D) individuals from a rural environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomised controlled single-blind, pre- and post-test study in an outreach rural rehabilitation gymnasium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety T2D individuals from rural Nigeria aged 39.44 ± 8.61 attending a diabetic outpatient clinic participated in this study as a control (n = 45) or rebound exercise (n = 45) group. The control group watched videos and read health magazines while the rebound group exercised three times per week for 20-30 min over 9 weeks at moderate intensity of 40-60% of heart rate maximum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heart and respiratory rates, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, HbA1c , FPG and BMI values were recorded pre- and post-interventions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between groups at baseline and compliance with rebound exercise was 93% (n = 42). Post 9 weeks there were significant improvements (P < 0.05) in mean HbA1c (8.65 to 7.12%), FPG (9.08 to 6.92 mmol L(-1)) and BMI (26.1 to 25.6 kg m(-2)) in the exercise group with blood pressure, heart and respiratory rates also increasing during the exercise but without any adverse reactions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rebound exercise is simple, inexpensive and enjoyable. It can be a beneficial recreational adjuvant exercise for improving HbA1c , FPG and BMI in T2D individuals in a rural environment and reduce health care costs and pharmacological complications associated with diabetes.
authors.affiliation: HOD: Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, Republic of South Africa.
authors.forename: Sonill S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Maharaj
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, Bayero University, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Jibril M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nuhu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012424:Rural Population; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D016037:Single-Blind Method
keywords: diabetes; health and exercise issues; implementing evidence; practice-based research; program evaluation