title: All-trans retinoic acid modulates the balance of ADAMTS13 and VWF in human microvascular endothelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To better understand the antithrombotic property of All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), we investigated whether ATRA may affect the balance between ADAMTS13 and von Willebrand factor (VWF) in human microvascular endothelial cell.
  
  
  METHODS
  Compared to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), we observed the effects of ATRA on the expression of ADAMTS13 and VWF. ADAMTS13mRNA in human microvascular endothelial cell (HMEC-1 cell line) were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction amplification (RT-PCR). The levels of ADAMTS13 and VWF antigen were detected by western blot or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the proteolytic activity of ADAMTS13 was also determined by using GST-VWF73-His peptide as a specific substrate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ATRA significantly upregulated the expression of ADAMTS13mRNA in HMEC-1, while TNF-α inhibited ADAMTS13mRNA expression. ATRA could reverse the inhibition expression of ADAMTS13 by TNF-α. The results were confirmed from the levels of ADAMTS13 protein and its activity, while ATRA had no significant affection on triggering release of VWF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides the evidence that ATRA modulates the balance of ADAMTS13 and VWF in human microvascular endothelial cell, which might be a very relevant compartment for the antithrombotic property of ATRA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Anhui Medical University Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China; Anhui Provincial Hemophilia Treatment Center, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China. Electronic address: way0623@163.com.
authors.forename: Anyou
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Anhui Medical University Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China; Anhui Provincial Hemophilia Treatment Center, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China.
authors.forename: Qiaohong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Anhui Medical University Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China; Anhui Provincial Hemophilia Treatment Center, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Anhui Medical University Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China; Anhui Provincial Hemophilia Treatment Center, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China.
authors.forename: Jingsheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Anhui Medical University Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China; Anhui Provincial Hemophilia Treatment Center, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China.
authors.forename: Zimin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D051722:ADAM Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071120:ADAMTS13 Protein; D002460:Cell Line; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D055806:Microvessels / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D014212:Tretinoin; D051722:ADAM Proteins; D000071120:ADAMTS13 Protein; C099604:ADAMTS13 protein, human
keywords: ADAMTS13; ATRA; Microvascular platelet thrombosis; VWF