title: Mechanistic Insights in Ethylene Perception and Signal Transduction.
abstract: The gaseous hormone ethylene profoundly affects plant growth, development, and stress responses. Ethylene perception occurs at the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, and signal transduction leads to a transcriptional cascade that initiates diverse responses, often in conjunction with other signals. Recent findings provide a more complete picture of the components and mechanisms in ethylene signaling, now rendering a more dynamic view of this conserved pathway. This includes newly identified protein-protein interactions at the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, as well as the major discoveries that the central regulator ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2) is the long-sought phosphorylation substrate for the CONSTITUTIVE RESPONSE1 protein kinase, and that cleavage of EIN2 transmits the signal to the nucleus. In the nucleus, hundreds of potential gene targets of the EIN3 master transcription factor have been identified and found to be induced in transcriptional waves, and transcriptional coregulation has been shown to be a mechanism of ethylene cross talk.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China (C.J.); andDepartment of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-5815 (C.J., C.C.).
authors.forename: Chuanli
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China (C.J.); andDepartment of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-5815 (C.J., C.C.) carenc@umd.edu.
authors.forename: Caren
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005030:Ethylenes; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C036216:ethylene; D011494:Protein Kinases