title: [Detection and treatment of respiratory disorders in obese children: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and obesity hypoventilation syndrome].
abstract: Pediatric obesity may induce multiple complications, including cardiovascular and metabolic problems in adulthood. It may also cause respiratory disorders, which are not usually the first-intention diagnosis by physicians. The aim of this study was to evaluate how investigations had been performed in obese children referred to Timone Pediatric Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study of children referred to our department for severe non-syndromic obesity was conducted. The clinical features comprised history, anthropometric parameters, dietary habits, acanthosis nigricans, symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) as well as the paraclinical endocrine markers, blood gases, and sleep recordings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 102 patients (mean age, 10.5±3.3 years; BMI Z-score, 4.52±1.5), 29.4% had OSAS symptoms (n=30). Nine had a pathological polysomnography confirming OSAS. Eight of them required ventilation: these children were the most severe with an earlier weight gain (2.17±1.2 years vs. 4.0±2.2 years; P=0.01) and a higher BMI Z-score (7.2±2.3 vs. 4.3±1.1; P=0.027). Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) was diagnosed in 3.9% of these children (n=4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diagnosis of OSAS and OHS, often overlooked in obese children, requires a systematic approach and early clinical detection of respiratory disorders. Better accessibility to sleep respiratory explorations would improve quality of care for these children.
authors.affiliation: Service de pédiatrie spécialisée et médecine infantile, hôpital d'enfants de la Timone, Aix-Marseille université, AP-HM, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France. Electronic address: elsa.gachelin@ap-hm.fr.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gachelin
authors.affiliation: Service de pédiatrie multidisciplinaire, hôpital d'enfants de la Timone, Aix-Marseille université, AP-HM, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reynaud
authors.affiliation: Service de pédiatrie spécialisée et médecine infantile, hôpital d'enfants de la Timone, Aix-Marseille université, AP-HM, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: J-C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Dubus
authors.affiliation: Service de pédiatrie spécialisée et médecine infantile, hôpital d'enfants de la Timone, Aix-Marseille université, AP-HM, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stremler-Le Bel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010845:Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods; D015995:Prevalence; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012138:Respiratory Therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*