title: Effects of local application of methylprednisolone delivered by the C/GP-hydrogel on the recovery of facial nerves.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Local administration of MP delivered by the C/GP-MP-hydrogel can improve the recovery of facial nerve following crush injury. The findings suggested that locally injected MP delivered by C/GP-hydrogel might be a promising treatment for facial nerve damage.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, the aim is to assess the effectiveness of locally administrating methylprednisolone(MP) loaded by chitosan-β-glycerophosphate hydrogel (C/GP-hydrogel) on the regeneration of facial nerve crush injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  After the crush of left facial nerves, Wistar rats were randomly divided into four different groups. Then, four different therapies were used to treat the damaged facial nerves. At the 1(st), 2(nd), 3(rd), and 4(th) week after injury, the functional recovery of facial nerves and the morphological changes of facial nerves were assessed. The expression of growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) protein in the facial nucleus were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Locally injected MP delivered by C/GP-hydrogel effectively accelerated the facial functional recovery. In addition, the regenerated facial nerves in the C/GP-MP group were more mature than those in the other groups. The expression of GAP-43 protein was also improved by the MP, especially in the C/GP-MP group.
authors.affiliation: a 1 Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology , Jinan, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiuhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.affiliation: b 2 Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhaomin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: b 2 Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuechen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: c 3 Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Hospital of Rizhao , Rizhao, PR China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: b 2 Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan, PR China.
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: d 4 Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing , PR China.
authors.forename: Renjie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: b 2 Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan, PR China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: b 2 Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan, PR China.
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D048271:Chitosan / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020220:Facial Nerve Injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004337:Drug Carriers; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D048271:Chitosan; D008775:Methylprednisolone
keywords: C/GP-hydrogel; Facial paralysis; chitosan; methylprednisolone; nerve regeneration