title: Hypercoagulability Is a Stronger Risk Factor for Ischaemic Stroke than for Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypercoagulability increases the risk of arterial thrombosis; however, this effect may differ between various manifestations of arterial disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we compared the effect of coagulation factors as measures of hypercoagulability on the risk of ischaemic stroke (IS) and myocardial infarction (MI) by performing a systematic review of the literature. The effect of a risk factor on IS (relative risk for IS, RRIS) was compared with the effect on MI (RRMI) by calculating their ratio (RRR = RRIS/RRMI). A relevant differential effect was considered when RRR was >1+ its own standard error (SE) or <1-SE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 70 publications, describing results from 31 study populations, accounting for 351 markers of hypercoagulability. The majority (203/351, 58%) had an RRR greater than 1. A larger effect on IS risk than MI risk (RRE>1+1SE) was found in 49/343 (14%) markers. Of these, 18/49 (37%) had an RRR greater than 1+2SE. On the opposite side, a larger effect on MI risk (RRR<1-1SE) was found in only 17/343 (5%) markers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that hypercoagulability has a more pronounced effect on the risk of IS than that of MI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maino
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frits R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Rosendaal
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Brain Center Rudolph Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ale
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Algra
authors.affiliation: Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Flora
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Peyvandi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Bob
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Siegerink
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology*; D019851:Thrombophilia / Q000150:complications*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers