title: Platycodon grandiflorum A. De Candolle Ethanolic Extract Inhibits Adipogenic Regulators in 3T3-L1 Cells and Induces Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Primary Brown Preadipocytes.
abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC. ethanolic extract (PG) on obesity in brown/white preadipocytes. The effect of PG on the differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis of brown adipocytes is still not examined. An in vivo study showed that PG induced weight loss in mice with high-fat-diet-induced obesity. PG successfully suppressed the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells by down-regulating cellular induction of the peroxisome proliferators activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), lipin-1, and adiponectin but increasing expression of silent mating type information regulation 2 homologue 1 (SIRT1) and the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα). The effect of PG on the adipogenic factors was compared with that of its bioactive compound platycodin D. In addition, PG increased expressions of mitochondria-related genes, including uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-coactivator 1 α (PGC1α), PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16), SIRT3, nuclear respiratory factor (NRF), and cytochrome C (CytC) in primary brown adipocytes. These results indicate that PG stimulates the differentiation of brown adipocytes through modulation of mitochondria-related genes and could offer clinical benefits as a supplement to treat obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Lin
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jinbong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyewon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yunu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Youn
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: JongWook
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Um
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D052437:Adipocytes, Brown / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031238:Platycodon / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010936:Plant Extracts; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC; brown adipocytes; mitochondria biogenesis; obesity; platycodin D