title: Validity of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo in South America: An Initial Examination Using Mother and Teacher Ratings of Chilean Children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the validity of sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) and ADHD-inattention (ADHD-IN) symptoms in children from Chile.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mothers and teachers rated SCT, ADHD-IN, ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity (ADHD-HI), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), anxiety, depression, academic impairment, social impairment, and peer rejection (teachers only) in 652 Chilean children (55% boys) aged 6 to 14 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For both mother and teacher ratings, the eight SCT symptoms and nine ADHD-IN symptoms showed substantial loadings on their respective factors (convergent validity) along with loadings close to zero on the alternative factor (discriminant validity). ADHD-IN showed a uniquely stronger relationship than SCT with ADHD-HI and ODD whereas SCT showed a uniquely stronger relationship than ADHD-IN with anxiety and depression. Although ADHD-IN uniquely predicted academic impairment and social difficulties, SCT did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides the first evidence for the validity of SCT among children outside of North America or Western Europe.
authors.affiliation: 1 Catholic University of the Maule, Talca, Chile.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belmar
authors.affiliation: 2 University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.
authors.forename: Mateu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Servera
authors.affiliation: 3 Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: 4 Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
authors.forename: G Leonard
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Burns
mesh_terms: D000075022:Academic Failure; D000073978:Academic Performance / Q000208:ethnology; D000293:Adolescent; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002677:Chile / Q000208:ethnology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D010379:Peer Group; D000070777:School Teachers
keywords: ADHD; Chile; South America; comorbidity; functional impairment; sluggish cognitive tempo; validity