title: Hope-inspiring therapeutic relationships, professional expectations and social inclusion for young people with psychosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Personal recovery accounts suggest that a positive therapeutic relationship with an optimistic mental health professional may facilitate social inclusion. However, little empirical research has investigated the role of the therapeutic relationship in social outcomes or explored potential mechanisms of change within community psychosis care. This study investigated the direct predictive associations of the therapeutic relationship and professional expectancies for social inclusion and vocational activity for young people with psychosis, and indirect associations through hopefulness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Young people with psychosis and their main mental health professional (n=51 dyads) participated across two time points. Measures of therapeutic relationships, professional expectancies, and vocational activity were obtained at baseline. Measures of hopefulness, social inclusion and vocational activity were obtained at follow-up. Direct and indirect associations between variables were analysed using path modelling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Directed path models were consistent with a positive therapeutic relationship and positive professional expectancies predicting social inclusion and vocational activity through mediation by increased patient domain-specific hopefulness. The professional-rated therapeutic relationship more directly predicts change in vocational activity status. Change in vocational activity status predicts increased patient hopefulness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The therapeutic relationship between professionals and young people with psychosis appears hope-inspiring and important to patients' social inclusion and vocational outcomes. Vocational activity may produce reciprocal gains in hopefulness.
authors.affiliation: University of Sussex and Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, UK. Electronic address: c.berry@sussex.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Clio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.affiliation: University of Sussex and Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Greenwood
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D065026:Hope; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D012919:Social Behavior; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Expressed emotion; Professional-patient relations; Psychiatric therapeutic processes; Psychotic disorders; Social participation