title: Real-time histological imaging of kidneys stained with food dyes using multiphoton microscopy.
abstract: We have developed a real-time imaging technique for diagnosis of kidney diseases which is composed of two steps, staining renal cells safely with food dyes and optical sectioning of living renal tissue to obtain histological images by multiphoton microscopy (MPM). Here, we demonstrated that the MPM imaging with food dyes, including erythrosine and indigo carmine, could be used as fluorescent agents to visualize renal functions and structures such as glomerular bloodstreams, glomerular filtration, and morphology of glomeruli and renal tubules. We also showed that the kidneys of IgA nephropathy model-mice stained with the food dyes presented histopathological characteristics different from those observed in normal kidneys. The use of the food dyes enhances the quality of tissue images obtained by MPM and offers the potential to contribute to a clinical real-time diagnosis of kidney diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neural Regeneration and Cell Communication, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neural Regeneration and Cell Communication, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.|Department of Physical Therapy Faculty of Human Science, Hokkaido Bunkyo University, Eniwa, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazushi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Neural Regeneration and Cell Communication, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Shujie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neural Regeneration and Cell Communication, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Department of Neural Regeneration and Cell Communication, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mizoguchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004923:Erythrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005922:Glomerulonephritis, IGA / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D007203:Indigo Carmine / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007203:Indigo Carmine; D004923:Erythrosine
keywords: filtration; glomerulus; renal tubule