title: Frequency and Determinants of Urinary Incontinence in Adolescent and Young Nulliparous Women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the rate of urinary incontinence (UI) in a sample of young nulligravid women and its potential risk factors and consequences on life habits.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study is based on an online self-administered questionnaire taken by nulligravid women aged 15 to 25 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis and part of The King's Health Questionnaire. Demographics and general characteristics are also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We collected 1936 questionnaires (mean age of participants, 21 years); 12.4% of the sample reported any UI (95% confidence interval [CI] 10.9% to 13.9%). The estimated incidence of UI subtypes was 7.2% (95% CI 6.0% to 8.4%) stress UI, 3.4% (95% CI 2.6% to 4.3%) urge UI, and 1.9% (95% CI 1.3% to 2.6%) mixed UI. Age younger than 19 years and body mass index of 30 kg/m(2) or greater were associated in the multivariate analysis with an increased risk of UI. A self-reported history of psychological disorders increased the risk of UI (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.4 and 95% CI 1.1% to 1.9%), without significant differences among the UI subtypes. A current history of constipation (AOR 1.9 and 95% CI 1.3% to 2.6%) and enuresis after the age of 5 also increased the risk of UI (AOR 2.9 and 95% CI 2.0% to 4.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a sample of young nulligravid women, UI was not associated with any chronic risk factor known for elder age, but a prevention program may be proposed to women because of their young age (eg, educational session to promote the proper functioning of the pelvic floor). More detailed analyses are needed to better assess the prevalence of UI and risk factors in young nulligravid women.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bardino
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Mirella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Martino
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; Obstetrcis and Gyncecologycal department, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; Obstetrcis and Gyncecologycal department, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy. Electronic address: fabio.parazzini@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Parazzini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003248:Constipation / Q000150:complications; D004775:Enuresis / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010298:Parity; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Epidemiology; Teenagers; Urinary incontinence