title: Pancreaticoduodenectomy with portal vein/superior mesenteric vein resection for patients with pancreatic cancer with venous invasion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With the development of new surgical techniques, pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with portal vein or superior mesenteric vein (PV/SMV) resection has been used in the treatment of patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. However, opinions of surgeons differ in the effectiveness of this surgical technique. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of this approach in patients with pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Follow-up visits and retrospective analysis were carried out of 208 patients with pancreatic cancer who had undergone PD (PD group) and PD combined with PV/SMV resection and reconstruction (PDVR group) from June 2009 to May 2013 at our center. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the clinical features, the difference of survival time and risk factors of venous invasion in pancreatic cancer. Factors relating to postoperative survival time of pancreatic cancer were also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the PDVR group, which consisted of 42 cases, the 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates were 70%, 41% and 16%, respectively and the median survival time was 20.0 months. Among the 166 patients in the PD group, the 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates were 80%, 52%, and 12%, respectively with the median survival time of 26.0 months. No significant difference in survival time and R0 resection ratio was found between the two groups. Lumbodorsal pain, tumor with pancreatic capsular invasion and bile duct infiltration were found to be independent risk factors for PV invasion in pancreatic cancer. In addition, non R0 resection, large tumor size (>2 cm) and poorly differentiated tumor were independent risk factors for survival time in post-PD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The tumor has a higher chance of venous invasion if preoperative imagings indicate that it juxtaposes with the vessel. Lumbodorsal pain is the chief complaint. Patients with pancreatic cancer associated with PV involvement should receive PDVR for R0 resection when preoperational assessment shows the chance for eradication.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China. shusenzheng@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wei-Lin
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shu-Sen
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008642:Mesenteric Veins / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D018579:Patient Selection; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D047368:Tumor Burden; D055815:Young Adult