title: Evaluation of a cognitive psychophysiological model for management of tic disorders: an open trial.
abstract: Tic disorders, in particular chronic tic disorder and Tourette syndrome, affect about 1% of the population. The current treatment of choice is pharmacological or behavioural, addressing tics or the premonitory urges preceding tic onset.
  
  
  
  The current study reports an open trial evaluating the effectiveness of a cognitive psychophysiological treatment addressing Tourette-specific sensorimotor activation processes rather than the tic.
  
  
  
  Forty-nine people with Tourette syndrome and 36 people with chronic tics completed 10 weeks of individual cognitive psychophysiological therapy. Outcome measures included two tic severity scales and psychosocial measures.
  
  
  
  Post-treatment both groups had significantly improved on the tic scales with strong effect sizes across tic locations and complex and simple tics, maintained at 6-month follow-up with further change in perfectionism and self-esteem.
  
  
  
  The cognitive psychophysiological approach targeting underlying sensorimotor processes rather than tics in Tourette's and chronic tic disorder reduced symptoms with a large effect size.
authors.affiliation: Kieron O'Connor, PhD, Marc Lavoie, PhD, Pierre Blanchet, MD, Marie-Ève St-Pierre-Delorme, Research Centre, University Institute of Mental Health at Montreal, Canada kieron.oconnor@umontreal.ca.
authors.forename: Kieron
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.affiliation: Kieron O'Connor, PhD, Marc Lavoie, PhD, Pierre Blanchet, MD, Marie-Ève St-Pierre-Delorme, Research Centre, University Institute of Mental Health at Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lavoie
authors.affiliation: Kieron O'Connor, PhD, Marc Lavoie, PhD, Pierre Blanchet, MD, Marie-Ève St-Pierre-Delorme, Research Centre, University Institute of Mental Health at Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Blanchet
authors.affiliation: Kieron O'Connor, PhD, Marc Lavoie, PhD, Pierre Blanchet, MD, Marie-Ève St-Pierre-Delorme, Research Centre, University Institute of Mental Health at Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Marie-Ève
authors.initials: MÈ
authors.lastname: St-Pierre-Delorme
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000628:therapy