title: Biodistribution and estimation of radiation-absorbed doses in humans for 13N-ammonia PET.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the biodistribution of radiation-absorbed doses of (13)N-ammonia in healthy people.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five healthy human subjects underwent whole-body PET and CT scans after injection of 555-740 MBq of (13)N-ammonia. Five serial dynamic emission scans in each healthy volunteer were acquired. Regions of interest were drawn on the CT image and transferred to the corresponding transverse PET slice. Estimates of the radiation-absorbed doses were calculated using the medical internal radiation dosimetry method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest concentrations of (13)N-ammonia were found in the heart and liver, followed by pancreas, brain, spleen and stomach. The highest absorbed organ doses were to the heart wall (7.14E-03 ± 3.63E-03 mGy/MBq) and kidneys (6.02E-03 ± 3.53E-03 mGy/MBq). The effective dose (ED) was 6.58E-03 ± 1.23E-03 mSv/MBq.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With these new estimates for (13)N-ammonia dosimetry, the results for Chinese people were not appreciably different from those of the previous study performed with old devices. As one of the most important myocardial perfusion PET tracers, the whole-body (13)N-ammonia PET appears to be safe for humans, yielding a relatively modest radiation burden that would allow multiple PET studies on the same subject per year.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58#, Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Equipment, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Donglan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58#, Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
authors.forename: Xinchong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58#, Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
authors.forename: Qiao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58#, Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
authors.forename: Xuezhen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58#, Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China. xiaolong-4310@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiangsong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000641:Ammonia / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009590:Nitrogen Radioisotopes; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D051598:Whole Body Imaging / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D009590:Nitrogen Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D000641:Ammonia
keywords: 13N-ammonia; Dosimetry; Tumor; Whole-body PET/CT