title: Combined immunodeficiency in the United States and Kuwait: Comparison of patients' characteristics and molecular diagnosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare different variables among (S)CID patients diagnosed in the USA and Kuwait.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of patients registered in The US Immune Deficiency Network registry or Kuwait National PID Registry between 2004 and 2014.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Totals of 98 and 69 (S)CID patients were registered during the study period in the USIDNET registry and the KNPIDR, respectively. The average annual incidence rate for the period 2004-2014 of (S)CID in children in Kuwait was 13.01/100,000 children, with an estimated occurrence of 1/7500 live births. There were differences between the two countries in the following variables: age at onset and diagnosis, family history of (S)CID, parental consanguinity, and outcome. More than 14% of (S)CID patients from USIDNET registry were diagnosed through newborn screening.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients' characteristics and molecular causes of S(CID) are different between USA and Kuwait. NBS for SCID should be started in countries where the incidence of (S)CID is high.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait; Allergy & Clinical Immunology Unit, Pediatric Department, Al-Sabah Hospital, Kuwait. Electronic address: wemh@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Waleed
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Al-Herz
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
authors.forename: Luigi D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Notarangelo
authors.affiliation: Kuwait National Center for Health information, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sadek
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buckley
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007730:Kuwait / Q000453:epidemiology; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000379:methods; D057089:Pathology, Molecular / Q000379:methods; D012042:Registries; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Combined immunodeficiency; Epidemiology; Genetics; Incidence; Newborn screening; Prevalence; Registry