title: Rice TUTOU1 Encodes a Suppressor of cAMP Receptor-Like Protein That Is Important for Actin Organization and Panicle Development.
abstract: Panicle development, a key event in rice (Oryza sativa) reproduction and a critical determinant of grain yield, forms a branched structure containing multiple spikelets. Genetic and environmental factors can perturb panicle development, causing panicles to degenerate and producing characteristic whitish, small spikelets with severely reduced fertility and yield; however, little is known about the molecular basis of the formation of degenerating panicles in rice. Here, we report the identification and characterization of the rice panicle degenerative mutant tutou1 (tut1), which shows severe defects in panicle development. The tut1 also shows a pleiotropic phenotype, characterized by short roots, reduced plant height, and abnormal development of anthers and pollen grains. Molecular genetic studies revealed that TUT1 encodes a suppressor of cAMP receptor/Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family verprolin-homologous (SCAR/WAVE)-like protein. We found that TUT1 contains conserved functional domains found in eukaryotic SCAR/WAVE proteins, and was able to activate Actin-related protein2/3 to promote actin nucleation and polymerization in vitro. Consistently, tut1 mutants show defects in the arrangement of actin filaments in trichome. These results indicate that TUT1 is a functional SCAR/WAVE protein and plays an important role in panicle development.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.B., Q.W., J.Zh., H.Z., Q.X., J.N., J.Zu.) and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Plant Gene Research Center (F.C.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., Q.W., H.Z., Q.X.);State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China (X.Z., H.C., G.D., Q.Q.); andState Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (L.Z., Y.F.) jtbai@genetics.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Jiaoteng
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9612-5718
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.B., Q.W., J.Zh., H.Z., Q.X., J.N., J.Zu.) and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Plant Gene Research Center (F.C.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., Q.W., H.Z., Q.X.);State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China (X.Z., H.C., G.D., Q.Q.); andState Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (L.Z., Y.F.).
authors.forename: Xudong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.B., Q.W., J.Zh., H.Z., Q.X., J.N., J.Zu.) and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Plant Gene Research Center (F.C.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., Q.W., H.Z., Q.X.);State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China (X.Z., H.C., G.D., Q.Q.); andState Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (L.Z., Y.F.).
authors.forename: Qing
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2110-926X
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.B., Q.W., J.Zh., H.Z., Q.X., J.N., J.Zu.) and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Plant Gene Research Center (F.C.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., Q.W., H.Z., Q.X.);State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China (X.Z., H.C., G.D., Q.Q.); andState Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (L.Z., Y.F.).
authors.forename: Jian
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9639-4934
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.B., Q.W., J.Zh., H.Z., Q.X., J.N., J.Zu.) and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Plant Gene Research Center (F.C.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., Q.W., H.Z., Q.X.);State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China (X.Z., H.C., G.D., Q.Q.); andState Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (L.Z., Y.F.).
authors.forename: Hongqi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.B., Q.W., J.Zh., H.Z., Q.X., J.N., J.Zu.) and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Plant Gene Research Center (F.C.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., Q.W., H.Z., Q.X.);State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China (X.Z., H.C., G.D., Q.Q.); andState Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (L.Z., Y.F.).
authors.forename: Guojun
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-4404
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.B., Q.W., J.Zh., H.Z., Q.X., J.N., J.Zu.) and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Plant Gene Research Center (F.C.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., Q.W., H.Z., Q.X.);State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China (X.Z., H.C., G.D., Q.Q.); andState Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (L.Z., Y.F.).
authors.forename: Lei
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8056-2761
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.B., Q.W., J.Zh., H.Z., Q.X., J.N., J.Zu.) and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Plant Gene Research Center (F.C.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., Q.W., H.Z., Q.X.);State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China (X.Z., H.C., G.D., Q.Q.); andState Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (L.Z., Y.F.).
authors.forename: Huakun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.B., Q.W., J.Zh., H.Z., Q.X., J.N., J.Zu.) and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Plant Gene Research Center (F.C.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., Q.W., H.Z., Q.X.);State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China (X.Z., H.C., G.D., Q.Q.); andState Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (L.Z., Y.F.).
authors.forename: Qingjun
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6372-3260
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.B., Q.W., J.Zh., H.Z., Q.X., J.N., J.Zu.) and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Plant Gene Research Center (F.C.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., Q.W., H.Z., Q.X.);State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China (X.Z., H.C., G.D., Q.Q.); andState Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (L.Z., Y.F.).
authors.forename: Jinqiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nian
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.B., Q.W., J.Zh., H.Z., Q.X., J.N., J.Zu.) and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Plant Gene Research Center (F.C.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., Q.W., H.Z., Q.X.);State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China (X.Z., H.C., G.D., Q.Q.); andState Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (L.Z., Y.F.).
authors.forename: Fan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4482-3116
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.B., Q.W., J.Zh., H.Z., Q.X., J.N., J.Zu.) and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Plant Gene Research Center (F.C.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., Q.W., H.Z., Q.X.);State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China (X.Z., H.C., G.D., Q.Q.); andState Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (L.Z., Y.F.).
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.B., Q.W., J.Zh., H.Z., Q.X., J.N., J.Zu.) and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Plant Gene Research Center (F.C.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., Q.W., H.Z., Q.X.);State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China (X.Z., H.C., G.D., Q.Q.); andState Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (L.Z., Y.F.).
authors.forename: Qian
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0349-4937
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.B., Q.W., J.Zh., H.Z., Q.X., J.N., J.Zu.) and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Plant Gene Research Center (F.C.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., Q.W., H.Z., Q.X.);State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China (X.Z., H.C., G.D., Q.Q.); andState Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (L.Z., Y.F.).
authors.forename: Jianru
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9605-3822
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zuo
mesh_terms: D051376:Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D035263:Flowering Tops / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D035264:Flowers / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D009154:Mutation; D012275:Oryza / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011058:Pollen / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D011953:Receptors, Cyclic AMP / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051376:Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex; D000199:Actins; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C505420:DIS3 protein, Arabidopsis; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011953:Receptors, Cyclic AMP