title: Emotion processing in treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients treated with clozapine: An fMRI study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the neural correlates of emotion processing in treatment-resistant patients with schizophrenia (SCZ-TR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two SCZ-TR patients on clozapine, 24 schizophrenia patients on antipsychotics other than clozapine, and 39 healthy controls were scanned using functional neuroimaging while viewing positive, negative and neutral images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Emotionally-laden images (positive and negative) elicited hyper-activations in the dorso-medial prefrontal cortex and left cerebellum in SCZ-TR patients, compared to the two other groups. Similarly, neutral images prompted hyper-activations in the cingulate gyrus in SCZ-TR patients, relative to the two other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment resistance is associated with neuro-functional hyper-activations in schizophrenia patients during emotion processing.
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada. Electronic address: stephane.potvin@umontreal.ca.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Potvin
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Andràs
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tikàsz
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Centre for Research in Aging, Donald Berman Maimonides Geriatric Centre, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Ovidiu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lungu
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dumais
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stip
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychology, Bishop's University, Sherbrooke, Canada.
authors.forename: Adrianna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mendrek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D003024:Clozapine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004644:Emotions / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003024:Clozapine; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Clozapine; Emotion; Schizophrenia; Treatment resistance; fMRI