title: EULAR-PReS points to consider for the use of imaging in the diagnosis and management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in clinical practice.
abstract: To develop evidence based points to consider the use of imaging in the diagnosis and management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in clinical practice. The task force comprised a group of paediatric rheumatologists, rheumatologists experienced in imaging, radiologists, methodologists and patients from nine countries. Eleven questions on imaging in JIA were generated using a process of discussion and consensus. Research evidence was searched systematically for each question using MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane CENTRAL. Imaging modalities included were conventional radiography, ultrasound, MRI, CT, scintigraphy and positron emission tomography. The experts used the evidence obtained from the relevant studies to develop a set of points to consider. The level of agreement with each point to consider was assessed using a numerical rating scale. A total of 13 277 references were identified from the search process, from which 204 studies were included in the systematic review. Nine points to consider were produced, taking into account the heterogeneity of JIA, the lack of normative data and consequent difficulty identifying pathology. These encompassed the role of imaging in making a diagnosis of JIA, detecting and monitoring inflammation and damage, predicting outcome and response to treatment, use of guided therapies, progression and remission. Level of agreement for each proposition varied according to the research evidence and expert opinion. Nine points to consider and a related research agenda for the role of imaging in the management of JIA were developed using published evidence and expert opinion.
authors.affiliation: NIHR Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK Department of Rheumatology, Yeovil District Hospital, Yeovil, UK.
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Colebatch-Bourn
authors.affiliation: NIHR Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Collado
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, APHP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt, France Inserm U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Versailles St. Quentin, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.
authors.forename: M-A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.affiliation: Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hemke
authors.affiliation: Brest University Medical School Hospital, Brest, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jousse-Joulin
authors.affiliation: Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maas
authors.affiliation: Institut Gaslini, Genova, Italy Department of Pediatrics, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maraňón, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Naredo
authors.affiliation: Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center of Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Østergaard
authors.affiliation: Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rooney
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Rheumatology Research Institute, Bad Bramstedt, Germany.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tzaribachev
authors.affiliation: Academic Medical Centre, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Rheumatology, Jan van Breemen Research Institute/Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van Rossum
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine University of Nis, Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Clinic Center, Niš, Serbia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vojinovic
authors.affiliation: NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds , Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Conaghan
authors.affiliation: Institut Gaslini, Genova, Italy Department of Pediatrics, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Malattia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D026683:Advisory Committees; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019468:Disease Management; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011859:Radiography; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012219:Rheumatology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Ultrasonography