title: Quality assessment of sulfurous thermal waters in the city of Poços de caldas, Minas gerais, Brazil.
abstract: Currently, the quality of the water consumed by the population, and also the water used for both leisure and therapeutic bathing, are known. In the city of Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil, the population has two sources of sulfurous thermal water, with free access for various purposes, including drinking. Since 1882, the system has retained the same structural characteristics, and at this time, there appears to be a risk of anthropogenic contamination due to population increase near the springs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the water quality of the sulfurous hot springs distributed in Pedro Botelho fountain, located in Thermas Antônio Carlos, and Monkey fountain, located in Mario Mourao bathhouse, for microbiological and bacteriological components, physical and chemical composition, and radionuclides for a period of 12 months and to compare their quality with Brazilian water quality laws. The results showed that all the values are within the prescribed water quality parameters, except fluoride and sodium, whose levels are above those permitted by law. Excess fluoride in consumed water can cause dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis. As for sodium, which exceeded the permissible limits by 20 to 25 %, it can be detrimental to hypertensive individuals. An important fact to consider is that water from sulfurous hot springs cannot be consumed without medical supervision because its chemical characteristics may cause damage to health, and it should only be used as medicinal mineral water.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism, Environment and Sanitation Department, State University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein, 951, PO Box: 6021, CEP: 13083-852, Campinas, SP, Brazil, adrianacarvalho71@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Adriana Moneira
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.forename: Marta Cristina Teixeira
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Alexandre Nunes
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Ponezi
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis; D012964:Sodium / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D060753:Water Quality / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D012964:Sodium; D005459:Fluorides