title: Dielectrophoretic characterization of antibiotic-treated Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex cells.
abstract: Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has become a serious concern for proper treatment of patients. As a phenotypic method, dielectrophoresis can be useful but is yet to be attempted to evaluate Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex cells. This paper investigates the dielectrophoretic behavior of Mycobacterium bovis (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, BCG) cells that are treated with heat or antibiotics rifampin (RIF) or isoniazid (INH). The experimental parameters are designed on the basis of our sensitivity analysis. The medium conductivity (σ(m)) and the frequency (f) for a crossover frequency (f(xo1)) test are decided to detect the change of σ(m)-f(xo1) in conjunction with the drug mechanism. Statistical modeling is conducted to estimate the distributions of viable and nonviable cells from the discrete measurement of f (xo1). Finally, the parameters of the electrophysiology of BCG cells, C(envelope) and σ(cyto), are extracted through a sampling algorithm. This is the first evaluation of the dielectrophoresis (DEP) approach as a means to assess the effects of antimicrobial drugs on M. tuberculosis complex cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Stevens Way, Box 352600, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Shinnosuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Stevens Way, Box 352600, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Hyun-Boo
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 1959 Pacific Street, Box 357234, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Annie L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 1959 Pacific Street, Box 357234, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Kris M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Weigel
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Avenue, Vancouver, WA, 98686, USA.
authors.forename: Jong-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: NanoFacture, Inc., P.O. Box 52651, Bellevue, WA, 98015, USA.
authors.forename: Kyong-Hoon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 1959 Pacific Street, Box 357234, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Gerard A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Cangelosi
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Stevens Way, Box 352600, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA. jae71@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Jae-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004586:Electrophoresis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D012293:Rifampin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D007538:Isoniazid; D012293:Rifampin
keywords: Dielectrophoresis; Drug resistance; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Sampling algorithm; Sensitivity analysis