title: Blood pressure variability and the development of early neurological deterioration following acute ischemic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Early neurological deterioration (END) is a common condition associated with poor outcome after acute ischemic stroke. We studied association between blood pressure (BP) variability and development of END.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective observational study, we studied a consecutive series of patients hospitalized for acute ischemic stroke within 24 h of onset. The primary outcome of interest was the development of END according to predefined criteria within the first 72 h of stroke onset. During this period, the mean, maximum (max), and minimum (min) values for the SBP and DBP were measured. The following parameters of BP variability were calculated for the SBP and DBP: the difference between the maximum and minimum (max-min), the SD, and the coefficient of variation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1161 patients enrolled in the study (mean age, 67.5 ± 13.3 years; 59.6% men), 210 (18.1%) developed END. All of the BP variability parameters were linearly associated with END independent of mean BP and potential clinical variables (P values < 0.05 on likelihood ratio tests for trend), except for SBPmax-min. Among the other BP parameters, SBPmean, SBPmax, DBPmax, and DBPmin were independently associated with END. After adjustments for potential confounders, the odds for END increased 14-21% with each increase of one standard deviation in the BP variability parameter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BP variability is independently and linearly associated with the development of neurologic deterioration in acute stage of ischemic stroke.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul bDepartment of Neurology, Youngdong Hospital, Chungbuk cDepartment of Neurology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, Changwon dDepartment of Neurology, Pohang St. Mary's Hospital, Pohanga eDepartment of Neurology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan fDepartment of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon gDepartment of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Medical Center hClinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center iDepartment of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul jDepartment of Neurology kDepartment of Neurosurgery lDepartment of Radiology, Stroke Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Korea mDepartment of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University nMercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA. *Drs Jong-Won Chung and Nayoung Kim contributed equally to the writing of this article.
authors.forename: Jong-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Nayoung
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jihoon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Su Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Wook-Joo
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Youngchai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Jung Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ji Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Juneyoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Mi Hwa
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Myung Suk
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Chang Wan
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: O-Ki
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: CheolKyu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Beom Joon
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Moon-Ku
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Philip B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Gorelick
authors.forename: Hee-Joon
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Bae
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors