title: Empirical Drug Therapy for Idiopathic Male Infertility: What is the New Evidence?
abstract: Idiopathic male infertility is empirically managed using a number of drugs. We reviewed 64 articles published in the last 10 years on such drug therapy. There was severe heterogeneity in data along with poor definition of outcome parameters. Pregnancy or live birth rate was not reported in many studies. Antiestrogens appear to improve pregnancy rates while there is some data supporting the use of aromatase inhibitors. Antioxidants significantly increase the rate of both live birth and pregnancy but the data are limited. However, valid end-points based on data are limited for the empirical use of drugs in idiopathic male infertility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Harshit
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. Electronic address: rajeev02@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rajeev
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001120:Arginine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002331:Carnitine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006062:Gonadotropins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000188:drug therapy*; D050498:Live Birth; D000077276:Lycopene; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D006062:Gonadotropins; D014451:Ubiquinone; D014810:Vitamin E; D002338:Carotenoids; D001120:Arginine; C024989:coenzyme Q10; D005978:Glutathione; D002331:Carnitine; D000077276:Lycopene