title: Severe Congenital Heart Defects Are Associated with Global Reduction of Neonatal Brain Volumes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine neonatal global and regional brain volumes in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) in comparison with healthy controls and to determine brain growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study in infants undergoing open-heart surgery for complex CHD. Global and regional volumetric measurements on preoperative cerebral magnetic resonance imaging were manually segmented in children without overt brain lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperative brain volumetry of 19 patients demonstrates reduction in total and regional brain volumes, without any specific regional predilection compared with 19 healthy control infants (total brain volume reduction: 21%, regional brain volume reduction 8%-28%, all P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infants with CHD undergoing bypass surgery have smaller brain volumes prior to surgery without a specific regional predilection. This suggests a fetal origin of reduced brain growth.
authors.affiliation: Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Developmental Pediatrics, SPZ, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: von Rhein
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buchmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hagmann
authors.affiliation: Congenital Cardiovascular Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Hitendu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dave
authors.affiliation: Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neonatology and Intensive Care, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bernet
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ianina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Scheer
authors.affiliation: Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Knirsch
authors.affiliation: Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Latal
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013557:Switzerland