title: Serum levels of pentraxin-3 and other inflammatory biomarkers in migraine: Association with migraine characteristics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have been conducted on the inflammatory aspects of migraine. Pentraxins are a novel and important part of innate immunity as a superfamily of acute phase proteins. In our study, we aimed to demonstrate the relationship between migraine and the serum levels of pentraxin-3 (PTX-3), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen and D-dimer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 30 migraine patients (in both the attack and interictal period) and 30 healthy controls. Serum samples were obtained from all participants, and a brain MRI performed in the last six months was assessed regarding the presence of deep white matter lesions. Comparisons between the attack, interictal and control groups regarding the serum levels of PTX-3, CRP, fibrinogen and D-dimer were performed. The association between serum PTX-3 levels and migraine characteristics (disease duration, headache frequency, MRI findings, aura, family history, attack duration, and MIDAS score) was also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found higher serum levels of fibrinogen and PTX-3 in migraine attack patients compared with the interictal and control groups (p = 0.03 and p < 0.001, respectively). Subgroup analysis also showed that patients with a disease duration of more than five years and with an attack duration of more than 12 hours have lower serum levels of PTX-3 than patients who have a relatively new diagnosis and have relatively short-lasting migraine attacks (p = 0.042 and p = 0.038, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PTX-3 and fibrinogen exhibit different serum levels in patients undergoing a migraine attack compared with the interictal group and the controls. Participants with longer attacks and disease durations have lower serum levels of PTX-3, suggesting that inflammatory processes change along with disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Section of Neurology, Regional Education and Research Hospital, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ceylan
authors.affiliation: Section of Neurology, Regional Education and Research Hospital, Turkey.
authors.forename: Omer Faruk
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Bayraktutan
authors.affiliation: Section of Emergency Medicine, Regional Education and Research Hospital, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sinan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Becel
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Ataturk University, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ömer
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Atis
authors.affiliation: Section of Radiology, Regional Education and Research Hospital, Turkey dr_ayalcin@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yalcin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sakarya University, Turkey.
authors.forename: Dilcan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kotan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component / Q000032:analysis*; D000099153:Pentraxins
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D005340:Fibrinogen; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component; D000099153:Pentraxins; C036309:fibrin fragment D
keywords: C-reactive protein; D-dimer; Migraine; fibrinogen; pentraxin-3