title: Effects of different orthodontic primers on enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of one self-etching and two filled orthodontic primers on enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Brackets were bonded to 84 bovine teeth and the vestibular enamel surfaces covered with acid-resistant nail varnish exposing 1 mm of space on each side of the bracket base. The teeth were allocated to four groups, using either Transbond XT conventional primer on etched enamel (group 1), Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer on untreated enamel (group 2), Pro Seal filled resin primer on etched enamel (group 3), or Opal Seal filled resin primer on etched enamel (group 4). Each tooth was subjected to 15,000 strokes of brushing followed by exposure to an acid challenge. Calcium-ion release from each sample was calculated using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and a post hoc Tukey test. Differences were considered statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant differences were observed between the four groups (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found between the controls (group 1) and the Opal Seal group. Higher calcium release was observed in the Pro Seal group and the self-etching primer group compared to the controls. The highest calcium release was recorded in the self-etching primer group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Filled sealants may not have a protective effect against enamel demineralization. Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer should be used cautiously, considering the risk of demineralization involved in its application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Dishekimligi Fakültesi, Ortodonti A. D., 35640, Izmir, Turkey. baysalasli@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Asli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baysal
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Asli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yasa
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sogut
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Dishekimligi Fakültesi, Ortodonti A. D., 35640, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Dishekimligi Fakültesi, Ortodonti A. D., 35640, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tancan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uysal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects*; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D059605:Dental Implant-Abutment Design / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007180:Incisor; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants
keywords: Demineralization; Dental white spots; Filled sealant; Orthodontics; Self-etch primer