title: Chemohormonal Therapy in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) has been the backbone of treatment for metastatic prostate cancer since the 1940s. We assessed whether concomitant treatment with ADT plus docetaxel would result in longer overall survival than that with ADT alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assigned men with metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer to receive either ADT plus docetaxel (at a dose of 75 mg per square meter of body-surface area every 3 weeks for six cycles) or ADT alone. The primary objective was to test the hypothesis that the median overall survival would be 33.3% longer among patients receiving docetaxel added to ADT early during therapy than among patients receiving ADT alone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 790 patients (median age, 63 years) underwent randomization. After a median follow-up of 28.9 months, the median overall survival was 13.6 months longer with ADT plus docetaxel (combination therapy) than with ADT alone (57.6 months vs. 44.0 months; hazard ratio for death in the combination group, 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). The median time to biochemical, symptomatic, or radiographic progression was 20.2 months in the combination group, as compared with 11.7 months in the ADT-alone group (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.72; P<0.001). The rate of a prostate-specific antigen level of less than 0.2 ng per milliliter at 12 months was 27.7% in the combination group versus 16.8% in the ADT-alone group (P<0.001). In the combination group, the rate of grade 3 or 4 febrile neutropenia was 6.2%, the rate of grade 3 or 4 infection with neutropenia was 2.3%, and the rate of grade 3 sensory neuropathy and of grade 3 motor neuropathy was 0.5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Six cycles of docetaxel at the beginning of ADT for metastatic prostate cancer resulted in significantly longer overall survival than that with ADT alone. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00309985.).
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine (C.J.S.) and the Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (Y.-H.C.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.S.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (M.C., M.E.); University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center (G.L., D.F.J.) and School of Medicine and Public Health (D.F.J.), Madison; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia (Y.-N.W.); Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis (N.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.K.); University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Seidman Cancer Center (M.M.C.), and Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute (J.A.G.) - both in Cleveland; University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville (R.D.); Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas (N.J.V.); Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.P.); NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL (D.S.); University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (M.H.); and Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick (R.S.D.).
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.forename: Yu-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carducci
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Jarrard
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eisenberger
authors.forename: Yu-Ning
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Noah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: Manish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohli
authors.forename: Matthew M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Cooney
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dreicer
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Vogelzang
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Picus
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shevrin
authors.forename: Maha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Jorge A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: DiPaola
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D043823:Taxoids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D043823:Taxoids; D000077143:Docetaxel; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen