title: Urinary adiponectin and albuminuria in non-diabetic hypertensive patients: an analysis of the ESPECIAL trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although adiponectin levels have been reported to be correlated with albuminuria, this issue remains unresolved in non-diabetic hypertensive subjects, particularly when urinary adiponectin is considered.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urinary adiponectin levels were examined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 229 participants. who used olmesartan as a hypertensive agent. Their albuminuria levels were measured for 16 weeks after randomization and initiation of conventional or intensive diet education. Linear or logistic regression models were applied, as appropriate, to explore the relationship with albuminuria itself or its response after the intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urinary adiponectin levels were positively related to baseline albuminuria level (r = 0.529). After adjusting for several covariates, the adiponectin level was associated with the albuminuria level (β = 0.446). Among the 159 subjects with baseline macroalbuminuria, the risk of consistent macroalbuminuria (> 300 mg/day) at 16 weeks was higher in the 3(rd) tertile of adiponectin than in the 1(st) tertile (odds ratio = 6.9), despite diet education. In contrast, among all subjects, the frequency of the normoalbuminuria achievement (< 30 mg/day) at 16 weeks was higher in the 1(st) tertile than in the 3(rd) tertile (odds ratio = 13.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary adiponectin may be a useful biomarker for albuminuria or its response after treatment in non-diabetic hypertensive patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea. hansway80@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Seung Seok
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea. delight7607@naver.com.
authors.forename: Eunjin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea. ahnshinyoung712@gmail.com.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, South Korea. ahnshinyoung712@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shin Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea. imsejoong@hanmail.net.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, South Korea. imsejoong@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Sejoong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, 143-729, South Korea. park21md@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Jung Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, 410-773, South Korea. shine@duih.org.
authors.forename: Sung Joon
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, 134-727, South Korea. rulale@dreamwiz.com.
authors.forename: Sang Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea. sooncb@catholic.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Bum Soon
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea. mednep@snubh.org.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, South Korea. mednep@snubh.org.
authors.forename: Ho Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea. cslimjy@snu.ac.kr.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, 156-707, South Korea. cslimjy@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Chun Soo
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea. skimim@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Suhnggwon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea. dkkim73@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Dong Ki
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000652:urine; D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000652:urine; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D004035:Diet Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000628:therapy* / Q000652:urine; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D007093:Imidazoles; D013777:Tetrazoles; C437965:olmesartan; D003404:Creatinine