title: [Tobacco cadmium health risk assessment and reduction techniques: A review].
abstract: Tobacco is one of the cadmium accumulation and tolerance plants. Decreasing cadmium content of tobacco contributes to environmental safety and human health. Three aspects on tobacco cadmium research were reviewed in this paper, i.e. uptake and distribution of cadmium in tobacco, and health risk assessment of cadmium in tobacco and reduction measures. The current situations and existing challenges in the research field were discussed. The cadmium tolerance mechanisms of tobacco were reviewed, the factors on cadmium uptake were analyzed, and the general distribution of cadmium in tobacco was summarized. From the point of health risk assessment, the lack of cadmium limits in tobacco was identified, the recommended formula to calculate cadmium limits of tobacco based on atmosphere cadmium limits and digestion cadmium limits was provided and the cadmium limits of tobacco were estimated using each formula, and suggestions on cadmium limits in tobacco were presented. At last, we put forward several effective reduction measures to lower cadmium level in tobacco leaves.
authors.forename: Chen-liang
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Yi-bing
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Ju-mei
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Dong-pu
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium