title: How to Design Tobacco Prevention and Control Games for Youth and Adolescents: A Qualitative Analysis of Expert Interviews.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Games for health, including digital videogames and gaming-based approaches, are increasingly being used in health promotion research and practice. Recently published research has shown that videogames have significant potential to promote healthy behaviors among youth and adolescents. Yet, there is a lack of available evidence-based resources to guide practitioners on the integration of games into tobacco prevention and smoking cessation interventions. To address this gap, expert researchers and game developers were interviewed to further define games for health, explore the current research, and provide recommendations for developing, evaluating, and promoting effective anti-tobacco games.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nationally recognized experts on game development, games for health, tobacco, and health behavior were asked to participate. A qualitative analysis of 25 in-depth individual interviews using a constant comparative approach for emerging themes was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Main themes that emerged from the data analysis included the following: (1) the current state of games for health research to facilitate health behavior change, (2) strategies for how to develop and evaluate games for quality and impact, and (3) recommendations for how to effectively design tobacco prevention and smoking cessation educational videogames that engage youth and adolescents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The synthesized findings identified through these expert interviews offer stakeholders strategies for how to incorporate games for health within their current and future work. Specific recommendations are presented for developers and researchers to consider when developing and evaluating videogames for tobacco prevention and smoking cessation targeted at youth and adolescents.
authors.affiliation: 1 University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Amanda K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: 2 University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.
authors.forename: Rebeccah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mercado
authors.affiliation: 2 University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.
authors.forename: Charkarra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Anderson-Lewis
authors.affiliation: 2 University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.
authors.forename: Gabrielle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Darville
authors.affiliation: 3 University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas.
authors.forename: Jay M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bernhardt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D063731:Mobile Applications; D008960:Models, Psychological; D064424:Tobacco Use / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020340:Tobacco Use Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D018910:Video Games; D055815:Young Adult