title: Phylogenetic analysis of eight sudanese camel contagious ecthyma viruses based on B2L gene sequence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Camel contagious ecthyma (CCE) is an important viral disease of camelids caused by a poxvirus of the genus parapoxvirus (PPV) of the family Poxviridae. The disease has been reported in west and east of the Sudan causing economical losses. However, the PPVs that cause the disease in camels of the Sudan have not yet subjected to genetic characterization. At present, the PPV that cause CCE cannot be properly classified because only few isolates that have been genetically analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PCR was used to amplify the B2L gene of the PPV directly from clinical specimens collected from dromedary camels affected with contagious ecthyma in the Sudan between 1993 and 2013. PCR products were sequenced and subjected to genetic analysis. The results provided evidence for close relationships and genetic variation of the camel PPV (CPPV) represented by the circulation of both Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) and Orf virus (ORFV) strains among dromedary camels in the Sudan. Based on the B2L gene sequence the available CPPV isolates can be divided into two genetic clades or lineages; the Asian lineage represented by isolates from Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and India and the African lineage comprising isolates from the Sudan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The camel parapoxvirus is genetically diverse involving predominantly viruses close to PCPV in addition to ORFVs, and can be divided into two genetically distant lineages. Based on sequences of the B2L gene it is not possible to suggest that the viruses that cause CCE form a monophylogenetic group or species within the PPV phylogeny.
authors.affiliation: Camel Research Center, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia. abdokhlf@yahoo.co.uk.|Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 32, Shambat, Sudan. abdokhlf@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Abdelmalik I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Khalafalla
authors.affiliation: Central Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia. ibsabagh@kfu.edu.sa.|Department of Virology, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt. ibsabagh@kfu.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Ibrahim M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: El-Sabagh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia. kbusadah@kfu.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Khalid A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Al-Busada
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia. aialsheikhmubarak@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Abdullah I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Al-Mubarak
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, P. O. Box 8067, Al Amarat, Khartoum, Sudan. y_beik@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Yahia H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Ali
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001482:Base Composition; D002162:Camelus; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004279:DNA, Viral; D004474:Ecthyma, Contagious / Q000821:virology*; D005814:Genes, Viral; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D018157:Parapoxvirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral