title: Combined Effects of Lanthanum (III) and Acid Rain on Antioxidant Enzyme System in Soybean Roots.
abstract: Rare earth element pollution (REEs) and acid rain (AR) pollution simultaneously occur in many regions, which resulted in a new environmental issue, the combined pollution of REEs and AR. The effects of the combined pollution on the antioxidant enzyme system of plant roots have not been reported. Here, the combined effects of lanthanum ion (La3+), one type of REE, and AR on the antioxidant enzyme system of soybean roots were investigated. In the combined treatment of La3+ (0.08 mM) and AR, the cell membrane permeability and the peroxidation of cell membrane lipid of soybean roots increased, and the superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and reduced ascorbic acid served as scavengers of reactive oxygen species. In other combined treatments of La3+ (0.40 mM, 1.20 mM) and AR, the membrane permeability, malonyldialdehyde content, superoxide dismutase activity, peroxidase activity and reduced ascorbic acid content increased, while the catalase activity decreased. The increased superoxide dismutase activity, peroxidase activity and reduced ascorbic acid content were inadequate to scavenge the excess hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, leading to the damage of the cell membrane, which was aggravated with the increase in the concentration of La3+ and the level of AR. The deleterious effects of the combined treatment of La3+ and AR were stronger than those of the single treatment of La3+ or AR. Moreover, the activity of antioxidant enzyme system in the combined treatment group was affected directly and indirectly by mineral element content in soybean plants.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Coorperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Xuanbo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Coorperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Coorperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Lihong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Coorperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Coorperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Zhaoguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D015258:Acid Rain; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism*; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D007811:Lanthanum; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013025:Glycine max / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015258:Acid Rain; D013481:Superoxides; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D007811:Lanthanum; D010544:Peroxidases; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D001205:Ascorbic Acid