title: Early menarche is associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in premenopausal Korean women.
abstract: In pediatrics, identifying risk factors is important in planning the prevention of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is an independent association between early menarche (<12 years) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean women. We analyzed data from 4463 premenopausal women from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-IV (2007-2009). MetS was defined by the International Diabetes Federation for Asians and insulin resistance (IR) was defined as HOMA-IR more than 3.05. The prevalence of MetS and IR was 7.9 and 15.0%. Women (55.6%) with MetS also showed IR. The prevalence of MetS was higher in both women with early menarche and late menarche (≥16 years) compared with the reference group (early, 12.8%; reference, 7.0%; late, 11.0%, both P = 0.002). However, the odds ratio for MetS was 3.54 (95% confidence interval (CI), 2.14-5.87) and for IR was 2.98 (95% CI, 1.99-4.47) after adjusting for age and other confounders such as lifestyle variables, reproductive variables and sociodemographic variables only in women with early menarche
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early menarche was associated with an increased risk of MetS and IR in premenopausal Korean women.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Early menarche is associated with higher risk of CVD-related death and all-cause mortality in Western studies. Early menarche is associated with higher risk of diabetes in Korean premenopausal women.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Early menarche (<12 years) is associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in nationally representative Korean premenopausal women. However, late menarche (>16 years) is not associated with metabolic syndrome after controlling for age and other confounders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, 15 Gongneungdong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-706, Republic of Korea. lovelimsw@naver.com.
authors.forename: Se Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, 15 Gongneungdong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-706, Republic of Korea. 2986@kirams.re.kr.
authors.forename: Ju Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, 15 Gongneungdong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-706, Republic of Korea. junahlee@kirams.re.kr.
authors.forename: Jun Ah
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, 15 Gongneungdong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-706, Republic of Korea. kdh@kirams.re.kr.
authors.forename: Dong Ho
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, 15 Gongneungdong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-706, Republic of Korea. juheesea@kirams.re.kr.
authors.forename: Ju-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, 15 Gongneungdong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-706, Republic of Korea. limjs@kcch.re.kr.
authors.forename: Jung Sub
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D044466:Asian People; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008572:Menarche; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017697:Premenopause; D015995:Prevalence; D056910:Republic of Korea; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Early menarche; Insulin resistance; KNHANES; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity