title: The Effect of Chemical Composition and Bioactivity of Several Essential Oils on Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).
abstract: The major chemical components of four essential oils (EOs) extracted from dry leaves of Citrus limonum, Cymbopogon citratus, Litsea cubeba, and Muristica fragrans were analyzed with gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer and their fumigant, contact, and repellent activities against 10th instar and adults of Tenebrio molitor were also assayed. The results indicated that the major constituents of C. limonum and Cy. citrates were D-limonene (38.22%) and 3,7-dimethyl-6-octenal (26.21%), while which of L. cubeba and M. fragrans were (E)-3, 7-dimethyl-2, 6-octadienal (49.78%) and (E)-cinnamaldehyde (79.31%), respectively. Contact activities of L. cubeba and C. limonum with LC50 values of 21.2 and 13.9 µg/cm(2) at 48 h and repellence activities (>89.0% repellence indexes) (P < 0.05) at 12 h on 10th instar were better than those of the other two EOs. Nevertheless, the fumigation activities of L. cubeba on 10th instar and adults (LC50 = 2.7, 3.7 μl/liter) were stronger than those of C. limonum (LC50 = 10.9, 12.0 μl/liter) at 96 h and significant (not overlapping confidence intervals). The EOs of L. cubeba and C. limonum have clearly elongated the growth and development of larvae, egg, and slightly shorten pupae and adults of T. molitor compared with the control. The mainly active ingredients of L. cubeba and C. limonum, including D-limonene and β-pinene, were demonstrated to coinhibit the actives of AChE and enhance the toxicities on 10th instar of T. molitor. These results indicate that the EOs of L. cubeba and C. limonum could have great potential as botanical insecticides against T. molitor.
authors.affiliation: Sichuan Agricultural University, Biorational Pesticide Research Lab, 611130, Chengdu, Republic of China wangxuegui@sicau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xuegui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Sichuan Agricultural University, Biorational Pesticide Research Lab, 611130, Chengdu, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Sichuan Agricultural University, Biorational Pesticide Research Lab, 611130, Chengdu, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yiqu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Sichuan Agricultural University, Biorational Pesticide Research Lab, 611130, Chengdu, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Surong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Sichuan Agricultural University, Biorational Pesticide Research Lab, 611130, Chengdu, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qunfang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Sichuan Agricultural University, Biorational Pesticide Research Lab, 611130, Chengdu, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D005651:Fumigation; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007302:Insect Repellents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000737:chemistry; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013712:Tenebrio / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D007302:Insect Repellents; D007306:Insecticides; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase
keywords: AChE activity; Tenebrio molitor; development; fumigant toxicity; growth