title: Introduction of organic/hydro-organic matrices in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and mass spectrometry: a tutorial review. Part II. Practical considerations.
abstract: Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) are increasingly used to carry out analyses in organic/hydro-organic matrices. The introduction of such matrices into ICP sources is particularly challenging and can be the cause of numerous drawbacks. This tutorial review, divided in two parts, explores the rich literature related to the introduction of organic/hydro-organic matrices in ICP sources. Part I provided theoretical considerations associated with the physico-chemical properties of such matrices, in an attempt to understand the induced phenomena. Part II of this tutorial review is dedicated to more practical considerations on instrumentation, instrumental and operating parameters, as well as analytical strategies for elemental quantification in such matrices. Two important issues are addressed in this part: the first concerns the instrumentation and optimization of instrumental and operating parameters, pointing out (i) the description, benefits and drawbacks of different kinds of nebulization and desolvation devices and the impact of more specific instrumental parameters such as the injector characteristics and the material used for the cone; and, (ii) the optimization of operating parameters, for both ICP-OES and ICP-MS. Even if it is at the margin of this tutorial review, Electrothermal Vaporization and Laser Ablation will also be shortly described. The second issue is devoted to the analytical strategies for elemental quantification in such matrices, with particular insight into the isotope dilution technique, particularly used in speciation analysis by ICP-coupled separation techniques.
authors.affiliation: CEA Saclay, DEN, DANS, DPC, SEARS, Laboratoire de développement Analytique Nucléaire Isotopique et Elémentaire, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. Electronic address: amelie.leclercq@cea.fr.
authors.forename: Amélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leclercq
authors.affiliation: CEA Saclay, DEN, DANS, DPC, SEARS, Laboratoire de développement Analytique Nucléaire Isotopique et Elémentaire, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. Electronic address: anthony.nonell@cea.fr.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nonell
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Alicante, Departamento de Quimica Analitica, Nutricion y Bromatología, Ap. de Correos, 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain. Electronic address: jose.todoli@ua.es.
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Todolí Torró
authors.affiliation: CEA Saclay, DEN, DANS, DPC, SEARS, Laboratoire de développement Analytique Nucléaire Isotopique et Elémentaire, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. Electronic address: carole.bresson@cea.fr.
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bresson
authors.affiliation: CEA Saclay, DEN, DANS, DPC, SEARS, Laboratoire de développement Analytique Nucléaire Isotopique et Elémentaire, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. Electronic address: laurent.vio@cea.fr.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vio
authors.affiliation: CEA Saclay, DEN, DANS, DPC, SEARS, Laboratoire de développement Analytique Nucléaire Isotopique et Elémentaire, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. Electronic address: thomas.vercouter@cea.fr.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vercouter
authors.affiliation: CEA Saclay, DEN, DANS, DPC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. Electronic address: frederic.chartier@cea.fr.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chartier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012997:Solvents
keywords: Inductively coupled plasma; Instrumental and operating parameters; Mass spectrometry; Optical emission spectrometry; Organic matrices; Quantification strategies