title: Resistance to synthetic blood penetration of National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health-approved N95 filtering facepiece respirators and surgical N95 respirators.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs), certified by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) as a respirator and cleared by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a surgical mask, are often used to protect from the inhalation of infectious aerosols and from splashes/sprays of body fluids in health care facilities. A shortage of respirators can be expected during a pandemic. The availability of surgical N95 FFRs can potentially be increased by incorporating FDA clearance requirements in the NIOSH respirator approval process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fluid resistance of NIOSH-approved N95 FFRs, and FDA-cleared surgical N95 FFRs and surgical masks was tested using the ASTM F1862 method at 450 and 635 cm/sec velocities and compared with the results from a third-party independent laboratory. Blood penetration through different layers of filter media of masks were also analyzed visually.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four N95 FFR models showed no test failures at both velocities. The penetration results obtained in the NIOSH laboratory were comparable to those from the third-party independent laboratory. The number of respirator samples failing the test increased with increasing test velocity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that several NIOSH-approved N95 FFR models would likely pass FDA clearance requirements for resistance to synthetic blood penetration.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA. Electronic address: rda5@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Samy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rengasamy
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sbarra
authors.affiliation: URS Corp, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nwoko
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shaffer
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D005374:Filtration; D006801:Humans; D008397:Masks; D009314:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S.; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012134:Respiratory Protective Devices; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols
keywords: Blood-borne pathogens; FDA clearance; Fluid resistance; NIOSH certification