title: Terson's Syndrome: Diagnostic Comparison of Ocular Sonography and CT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the accuracy of ocular B-mode sonography and of standard head computed tomography (CT) as screening tools for intraocular hemorrhages related to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
  
  
  METHODS
  46 patients with spontaneous SAH were examined using ocular B-mode sonography and underwent funduscopy as gold standard for detection of ocular hemorrhages (OH). Additionally, all head CT scans done during the hospital stay of the study population were rated by a neuroradiologist for the presence of OH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Funduscopy revealed vitreous and/or preretinal hemorrhages in ten eyes and retinal hemorrhages in nine eyes. In comparison with funduscopy, ocular sonography showed a sensitivity and specificity for the detection of vitreous and/or preretinal hemorrhages of 100%, while identification of retinal hemorrhages was less reliable with a sensitivity/specificity of 44%/100%. Standard head CT showed a lower sensitivity/specificity of 60%/96% for vitreous and/or preretinal hemorrhages, and 32%/95% for the diagnosis of any ocular bleeding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ocular sonography identifies SAH-related preretinal and vitreous hemorrhages with high accuracy and is superior to standard head CT. It may be considered as new and useful bedside diagnostic tool for routine clinical care of patients with SAH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bäuerle
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Nikolai J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Egger
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neubauer
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolf-Dirk
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Niesen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.|Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Klaus-Jürgen
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Buttler
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolf A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Lagrèze
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reinhard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005130:Eye Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: SAH-related ocular hemorrhage (OH); Terson's syndrome; head computed tomography (CT); ocular sonography; subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)