title: Baseline Blood Pb Concentrations in Black-Necked Stilts on the Upper Texas Coast.
abstract: There are no known biological requirements for lead (Pb), and elevated Pb levels in birds can cause a variety of sub-lethal effects and mortality. Historic and current levels of Pb in mottled ducks (Anas fulvigula) suggest that environmental sources of Pb remain available on the upper Texas coast. Because of potential risks of Pb exposure among coexisting marsh birds, black-necked stilt (Himantopus mexicanus) blood Pb concentrations were measured during the breeding season. Almost 80 % (n = 120) of 152 sampled stilts exceeded the background threshold (>20 μg/dL) for Pb exposure. However, blood Pb concentrations did not vary by age or gender, and toxic or potentially lethal concentrations were rare (<5 %). Consistent, low-level blood Pb concentrations of black-necked stilts in this study suggest the presence of readily bioavailable sources of Pb, although potential impacts on local stilt populations remain unclear.
authors.affiliation: Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, 75962, USA. triecke@cabnr.unr.edu.|Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA. triecke@cabnr.unr.edu.
authors.forename: Thomas V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Riecke
authors.affiliation: Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, 75962, USA.|Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
authors.forename: Warren C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.affiliation: U. S. Geological Survey, Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Haukos
authors.affiliation: Inventory and Monitoring, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Winnie, TX, 77655, USA.
authors.forename: Jena A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, 75962, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Comer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D046091:Charadriiformes / Q000378:metabolism*; D004372:Ducks / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012621:Seasons; D013781:Texas
chemical_list: D007854:Lead
keywords: Black-necked stilt; Blood; Himantopus mexicanus; Lead concentration; Lead toxicity; Texas coast