title: Building a bonfire that remains stoked: sustainment of a contingency management intervention developed through collaborative design.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Community dissemination of empirically-supported behavior therapies is fostered by collaborative design, a joint process pooling expertise of purveyors and treatment personnel to contextualize a therapy for sustainable use. The adaptability of contingency management renders it an exemplary therapy to model this collaborative design process.
  
  
  METHODS
  At conclusion of an implementation/effectiveness hybrid trial conducted at an opiate treatment program, a group elicitation interview was conducted with the setting's five managerial staff to cull qualitative impressions of a collaboratively-designed contingency management intervention after 90 days of provisional implementation in the setting. Two independent raters reviewed the audio-recording and conducted a phenomenological narrative analysis, extracting themes and selecting excerpts to correspond with innovation attributes (i.e., relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, observability) of a well-known implementation science framework.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This qualitative analysis suggested the intervention was regarded as: (1) cost-effective and clinically useful relative to prior practices, (2) a strong fit with existing service structure and staffing resources, (3) procedurally uncomplicated, with staff consistently implementing it as intended, (4) providing site-specific data to sufficiently inform decisions about its sustainment, and (5) offering palpable benefits to staff-patient interactions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current work complements prior reports of positive implementation outcomes and intervention effectiveness for the parent trial, mapping qualitative managerial accounts of this contingency management intervention to a set of attributes thought to influence the speed and effectiveness with which an innovative practice is disseminated. Findings support the incorporation of collaborative design processes in future efforts to transport contingency management to the addiction treatment community.
authors.affiliation: Alcohol & Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, Box 354805, , 1107 NE 45th Street, Suite 120, Seattle, WA, 98105-4631, USA. hartzb@u.washington.edu.
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hartzler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D036301:Qualitative Research