title: Evaluation of the MGL method to detect Paragonimus eggs and its improvement.
abstract: Dog feces containing 500 Paragonimus westermani eggs per gram were examined by the Medical General Laboratory (MGL), the simple sedimentation (SS), and the Army Medical School III (AMS III) methods. The number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) obtained by the MGL method was 17.2 and was significantly lower than those obtained by the SS method (324.0) and the AMS III method (505.6). When isolated P. westermani eggs were processed by the MGL method and four layers (ether, ether-fecal, formalin layers, and sediment) of the final centrifugation product were separately examined, almost 100% of eggs were found at the ether-fecal layer. Similarly, when fecal samples containing P. westermani, Paragonimus skrjabini miyazakii, Paragonimus ohirai, or Paragonimus harinasutai eggs were processed by the MGL method, more than 95% of the eggs were found in the supernatant layers. The formalin-ethyl acetate (FEA) method showed a similar tendency as the MGL method and over 90% of eggs remained in the supernatant layers. Contrary to Paragonimus eggs, 63 and 96% of Clonorchis and Metagonimus eggs were found in the sediment in the MGL method, respectively. When surfactant (Tween 80) was added to fecal solution, most of Paragonimus eggs spun down in the sediment in the MGL and FEA methods, suggesting that Paragonimus eggs have hydrophobic components on their surface. It is suggested that surfactant addition to the fecal solution should be considered when the MGL method is used for detection of Paragonimus eggs.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitic Diseases, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.|Medical Zoology Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, North 19, West 12, Kitaku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0819, Japan.
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Irie
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: Asako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sumen
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigehisa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Habe
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitic Diseases, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.|Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.|Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horii
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitic Diseases, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan. nnonaka@cc.miyazaki-u.ac.jp.|Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan. nnonaka@cc.miyazaki-u.ac.jp.|Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan. nnonaka@cc.miyazaki-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Nariaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nonaka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D010063:Ovum / Q000254:growth & development; D048492:Paragonimus westermani / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010274:Parasitology / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration
keywords: Diagnosis; Eggs; Fecal examination; MGL method; Paragonimus