title: Karyotype Reorganization in the Hokou Gecko (Gekko hokouensis, Gekkonidae): The Process of Microchromosome Disappearance in Gekkota.
abstract: The Hokou gecko (Gekko hokouensis: Gekkonidae, Gekkota, Squamata) has the chromosome number 2n = 38, with no microchromosomes. For molecular cytogenetic characterization of the gekkotan karyotype, we constructed a cytogenetic map for G. hokouensis, which retains the ancestral karyotype of Gekkota, with 86 functional genes, and compared it with cytogenetic maps for four Toxicofera species that have many microchromosomes (Elaphe quadrivirgata, Varanus salvator macromaculatus, Leiolepis reevesii rubritaeniata, and Anolis carolinensis) and that for a lacertid species (Lacerta agilis) with only one pair of autosomal microchromosomes. Ten pairs of G. hokouensis chromosomes [GHO1, 2, 3, Z(4), 6, 7, 8, 13, 14, and 15] showed highly conserved linkage homology with macrochromosomes and/or macrochromosome arms of the four Toxicofera species and corresponded to eight L. agilis macrochromosomes (LAG). However, GHO5, GHO9, GHO10, GHO11, and LAG6 were composed of chromosome segments that have a homology with Toxicofera microchromosomes, and no homology was found in the chromosomes between G. hokouensis and L. agilis. These results suggest that repeated fusions of microchromosomes may have occurred independently in each lineage of Gekkota and Lacertidae, leading to the disappearance of microchromosomes and appearance of small-sized macrochromosomes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand; Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, National Research University-Kasetsart University (CASTNAR, NRU-KU), Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kornsorn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Srikulnath
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uno
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Chizuko
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.affiliation: Institute of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Hyogo, and Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002645:Chickens / Q000235:genetics; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D005796:Genes; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D059785:Karyotype; D008116:Lizards / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal