title: Efficacy and safety of body weight-adapted oral cholecalciferol substitution in dialysis patients with vitamin D deficiency.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in dialysis patients. Whether substitution of native vitamin D in these patients is beneficial is a matter of ongoing discussion, as is the optimal dosing schedule. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of a body-weight adapted oral dosing regimen of cholecalciferol in dialysis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective single-center study 56 prevalent dialysis patients with a baseline 25OHD3 level <20 ng/mL received 100 IU of cholecalciferol per kg body weight once weekly orally for 26 weeks. 25OHD3 was measured at baseline and at study end, iPTH every three months, serum calcium and phosphorous monthly. Concurrent medication including phosphate binders, calcitriol and cinacalcet and dialysate calcium concentration remained unchanged throughout the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline 25OHD3 was 9.9 ± 4.1 ng/mL and increased to 26.1 ± 8.8 ng/mL (P = 0.01). Fourteen patients (27 %) achieved a level > 30 ng/mL and all others above 20 ng/mL. Cinacalcet therapy was positively associated with the increase in 25OHD3 (P = 0.024). The plasma iPTH level significantly decreased from median 362 pg/mL to 297 pg/mL (P = 0.01). This decline was more pronounced in patients with higher baseline iPTH levels (P < 0.01) and differed significantly dependent on concurrent calcitriol therapy. A significant iPTH decrease was observed in patients receiving calcitriol (P = 0.031). Serum calcium and phosphorous did not change significantly throughout the study period. Cholecalciferol substitution was well tolerated without adverse effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dosing regimen of oral cholecalciferol supplementation with 100 IU per kg body weight per week for 26 weeks in dialysis patients with vitamin D deficiency causes a significant increase in 25OHD3 close to the supposed target level of 30 ng/mL and a significant reduction in iPTH, without affecting serum calcium or phosphorous levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Carinagasse 47, A-6800, Feldkirch, Austria. emanuel.zitt@lkhf.at.|Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria. emanuel.zitt@lkhf.at.
authors.forename: Emanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zitt
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Carinagasse 47, A-6800, Feldkirch, Austria. hannelore.sprenger-maehr@lkhf.at.|Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria. hannelore.sprenger-maehr@lkhf.at.
authors.forename: Hannelore
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sprenger-Mähr
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Carinagasse 47, A-6800, Feldkirch, Austria. michael.muendle@lkhf.at.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mündle
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Carinagasse 47, A-6800, Feldkirch, Austria. karl.lhotta@lkhf.at.|Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria. karl.lhotta@lkhf.at.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lhotta
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001835:Body Weight; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood; D057966:Calcimimetic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000069449:Cinacalcet / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054796:Drug Dosage Calculations; D057915:Drug Substitution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000628:therapy; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D057966:Calcimimetic Agents; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014815:Vitamins; D002762:Cholecalciferol; D010758:Phosphorus; D002117:Calcitriol; D002112:Calcifediol; D002118:Calcium; D000069449:Cinacalcet