title: Lysine requirement for growing-finishing immunocastrated male pigs.
abstract: Eighty boars (19.3 ± 2.49 kg) were vaccinated twice (100 and 128 days of age) against gonadotropin releasing hormone (Vivax™ vaccine), for a randomised block design study aiming to evaluate five digestible lysine (DLys) level treatments, with three phase-feeding per treatments (9-8-7; 10-9-8; 11-10-9; 12-11-10 and 13-12-11 g/kg) during the growing-finishing phases (54-100, 100-128 and 128-155 days of age, respectively). Pigs were fed their respective diets ad libitum from 54 to 155 days and weighed at 100, 128 and 155 days. Pig loin (Longissimus dorsi) area, loin depth and backfat thickness were measured by ultrasound at 100 and 155 days. Hot carcass weight, meat quantity and meat yield were measured at slaughter. From 54 to 100 days (pre-immunocastration), DLys levels linearly improved pig feed conversion and loin area, the level of DLys for minimum feed conversion and maximum loin area was 13 g/kg. However, DLys levels had no effect on the performance of boars from 54 to 128 days (pre-immunocastration), nor on the performance and carcass parameters of immunocastrated male pigs between 54 and 155 days. A sequence of diets containing 9, 8 and 7 g/kg of DLys fed from 54 to 100, 100 to 128 and 128 to 155 days, respectively, meet the requirement of growing-finishing immunocastrated male pigs.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alebrante
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Juarez Lopes
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Donzele
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Rita Flavia Miranda de Oliveira
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Donzele
authors.affiliation: Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Francisco Carlos de Oliveira
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, 79074-460, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kiefer
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brasil. gcrbrazil@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gabriel Cipriano
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Rocha
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition; D001835:Body Weight; D002369:Castration; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000737:chemistry; D008239:Lysine / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000254:growth & development; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000254:growth & development*; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D014611:Vaccination; D014612:Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D008239:Lysine
keywords: Amino acid; Boars; Carcass; Immunocastration; Performance