title: Perceptions of Personalized Medicine in an Academic Health System: Educational Findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prior reports demonstrate that personalized medicine implementation in clinical care is lacking. Given the program focus at Duke University on personalized medicine, we assessed health care providers' perspectives on their preparation and educational needs to effectively integrate personalized medicine tools and applications into their clinical practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 78 health care providers who participated in a larger study of personalized and precision medicine at Duke University were analyzed using Qualtrics (descriptive statistics). Individuals age 18 years and older were recruited for the larger study through broad email contacts across the university and health system. All participants completed an online 35-question survey that was developed, pilot-tested, and administered by a team of interdisciplinary researchers and clinicians at the Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, providers reported being ill-equipped to implement personalized medicine in clinical practice. Many respondents identified educational resources as critical for strengthening personalized medicine implementation in both research and clinical practice. Responses did not differ significantly between specialists and primary providers or by years since completion of the medical degree.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Survey findings support prior calls for provider and patient education in personalized medicine. Respondents identified focus areas in training, education, and research for improving personalized medicine uptake. Given respondents' emphasis on educational needs, now may be an ideal time to address these needs in clinical training and public education programs.
authors.affiliation: Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC ; Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vorderstrasse
authors.affiliation: Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC ; Duke Science & Society, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Sara Huston
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Katsanis
authors.affiliation: Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC ; Duke Science & Society, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Mollie A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Minear
authors.affiliation: Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Tejinder
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rakhra-Burris
authors.affiliation: Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Jason W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Reeves
authors.affiliation: Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cook-Deegan
authors.affiliation: Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Geoffrey S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Ginsburg
authors.affiliation: Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC ; Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Leigh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ann Simmons
keywords: education; genomics; medical; patient education; personalized medicine