title: Bioprinting a cardiac valve.
abstract: Heart valve tissue engineering could be a possible solution for the limitations of mechanical and biological prostheses, which are commonly used for heart valve replacement. In tissue engineering, cells are seeded into a 3-dimensional platform, termed the scaffold, to make the engineered tissue construct. However, mimicking the mechanical and spatial heterogeneity of a heart valve structure in a fabricated scaffold with uniform cell distribution is daunting when approached conventionally. Bioprinting is an emerging technique that can produce biological products containing matrix and cells, together or separately with morphological, structural and mechanical diversity. This advance increases the possibility of fabricating the structure of a heart valve in vitro and using it as a functional tissue construct for implantation. This review describes the use of bioprinting technology in heart valve tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Soumen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jana
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address: Lerman.Amir@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lerman
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D062028:Bioprinting / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011108:Polymers
keywords: 2-Dimensional printing; 3-Dimensional printing; Bioprinting; Heart valve; Hydrogel