title: Anti-inflammatory activity of polyphenolics from açai (Euterpe oleracea Martius) in intestinal myofibroblasts CCD-18Co cells.
abstract: The demand for tropical fruits high in polyphenolics including açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) has been increasing based on ascribed health benefits and antioxidant properties. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory activities of açai polyphenolics in human colon myofibroblastic CCD-18Co cells to investigate the suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mRNA and protein expression of inflammatory proteins. Non-cytotoxic concentrations of açai extract, 1-5 mg gallic acid equivalent L(-1), were selected. The generation of ROS was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and açai extract partially reversed this effect to 0.53-fold of the LPS-control. Açai extract (5 mg GAE L(-1)) down-regulated LPS-induced mRNA-expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNF-α (to 0.42-fold), cyclooxygenase 2, COX-2 (to 0.61-fold), toll-like receptor-4, TLR-4 (to 0.52-fold), TNF receptor-associated factor 6, TRAF-6 (to 0.64-fold), nuclear factor kappa-B, NF-κB (to 0.76-fold), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, VCAM-1 (to 0.71-fold) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1, ICAM-1 (to 0.68-fold). The protein levels of COX-2, TLR-4, p-NF-κB and ICAM-1 were induced by LPS and the açai extract partially reversed this effect in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest the anti-inflammatory effect of açai polyphenolic extract in intestinal cells are at least in part mediated through the inhibition of ROS and the expression of TLR-4 and NF-κB. Results indicate the potential for açai polyphenolics in the prevention of intestinal inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. smtalcott@tamu.edu.
authors.forename: Manoela Maciel dos Santos
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: Hércia Stampini Duarte
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.forename: Giuliana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Noratto
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roque-Andrade
authors.forename: Paulo César
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Stringheta
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Talcott
authors.forename: Afonso Mota
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: Susanne U
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Mertens-Talcott
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D065748:Euterpe / Q000737:chemistry*; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000166:cytology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects; D058628:Myofibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D048029:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D048029:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D005707:Gallic Acid; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human