title: Priorities for global research into children's palliative care: results of an International Delphi Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is an urgent need to develop an evidence base for children's palliative care (CPC) globally, and in particular in resource-limited settings. Whilst the volume of CPC research has increased in the last decade, it has not been focused on countries where the burden of disease is highest. For example, a review of CPC literature in sub Saharan Africa (SSA) found only five peer-reviewed papers on CPC. This lack of evidence is not confined to SSA, but can be seen globally in specific areas, such as an insufficient research and evidence base on the treatment of pain and other symptoms in children. This need for an evidence base for CPC has been recognised for some time, however without understanding the priorities for research in CPC organisations, many struggle with how to allocate scarce resources to research.
  
  
  METHODS
  The International Children's Palliative Care Network (ICPCN) undertook a Delphi study between October 2012 and February 2013 in order to identify the global research priorities for CPC. Members of the ICPCN Scientific Committee formed a project working group and were asked to suggest areas of research that they considered to be important. The list of 70 areas for research was put through two rounds of the Delphi process via a web-based questionnaire. ICPCN members and affiliated stakeholders (n = 153 from round 1 and n = 95 from round 2) completed the survey. Participants from SSA were the second largest group of respondents (28.1 % round 1, 24.2 % round 2) followed by Europe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A list of 26 research areas reached consensus. The top five priorities were: Children's understanding of death and dying; Managing pain in children where there is no morphine; Funding; Training; and Assessment of the WHO two-step analgesic ladder for pain management in children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Information from this study is important for policy makers, educators, advocates, funding agencies, and governments. Priorities for research pertinent to CPC throughout the world have been identified. This provides a much needed starting place for the allocation of funds and building research infrastructure. Researchers working in CPC are in a unique position to collaborate and produce the evidence that is needed.
authors.affiliation: International Children's Palliative Care Network, Assagay, South Africa. julia.downing792@btinternet.com.|Makerere University, PO Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda. julia.downing792@btinternet.com.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Downing
authors.affiliation: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, 16801, USA. cxk47@psu.edu.
authors.forename: Caprice
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Knapp
authors.affiliation: Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. muckadenma@tmc.gov.in.
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Muckaden
authors.affiliation: University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. susan.fowler.kerry@usask.ca.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fowler-Kerry
authors.affiliation: International Children's Palliative Care Network, Assagay, South Africa. joan.marston@icpcn.co.za.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marston
mesh_terms: D003697:Delphi Technique; D014943:Global Health; D006266:Health Education; D006302:Health Services Research / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D059408:Pain Management; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000523:psychology*; D010327:Pastoral Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D010372:Pediatrics; D012947:Social Work / Q000458:organization & administration