title: Neurological Toxicity of Individual and Mixtures of Low Dose Arsenic, Mono and Di (n-butyl) Phthalates on Sub-Chronic Exposure to Mice.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of individual and mixtures of di(n-butyl) phthalates (DBP) and their active metabolite monobutyl phthalate (MBP) and arsenic (As) on spatial cognition associated with hippocampal apoptosis in mice. Mice were exposed, individually or in combination, to DBP (50 mg/kg body weight, intragastrically), MBP (50 mg/kg body weight, intragastrically), and As (10 mg/L, per os) for 8 weeks. The Morris water maze test showed that mice exposed to DBP/MBP combined with As exhibited longer escape latencies and the lower average number of crossing the platform. The As content in the hippocampus after As exposure increased as compared to those without As exposure. In mice exposed to DBP/MBP combined with As, pathological alterations and oxidative damage to the hippocampus were found. Expression of apoptosis-related protein: Bax and caspase-3 were significantly increased in the hippocampus, while there was no significant change in expression of Bcl-2. The results suggested that DBP and MBP combined with As can induce spatial cognitive deficits through altering the expression of apoptosis-related protein and As played a critical role in cognition impairments. And the joint exposure has antagonistic effect.
authors.affiliation: School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Guanghua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Zhaoxiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Xueshan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Samuel Jerry
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cobbina
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China. yangliuqing@ujs.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Liuqing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China. wuxy@ujs.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiangyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001151:Arsenic / Q000633:toxicity*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects*; D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning; D051379:Mice; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000633:toxicity*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010795:Phthalic Acids; D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D001151:Arsenic; C028577:monobutyl phthalate
keywords: Antagonistic effect; Arsenic; Combined neurotoxicology; Di (n-butyl) phthalate; Monobutyl phthalate