title: Visceral Obesity Is Associated with Gallbladder Polyps.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gallbladder polyps (GBP) are a common clinical finding and may possess malignant potential. We conducted this study to determine whether visceral obesity is a risk factor for GBP.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed records of subjects who received both ultrasonography and computed tomography with measurements of the areas of visceral adipose tissue and total adipose tissue (TAT) on the same day as health checkups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-three of 1,615 subjects (5.8%) had GBP and were compared with 186 age- and sex-matched controls. VAT (odds ratio [OR], 2.941; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.325 to 6.529; p=0.008 for the highest quartile vs. the lowest quartile) and TAT (OR, 3.568; 95% CI, 1.625 to 7.833; p=0.002 for the highest quartile vs. the lowest quartile) were independent risk factors together with hypertension (OR, 2.512; 95% CI, 1.381 to 4.569; p=0.003), diabetes mellitus (OR, 2.942; 95% CI, 1.061 to 8.158; p=0.038), hepatitis B virus positivity (OR, 3.548; 95% CI, 1.295 to 9.716; p=0.014), and a higher level of total cholesterol (OR, 2.232; 95% CI, 1.043 to 4.778; p=0.039 for.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Visceral obesity measured by VAT and TAT was associated with GBP irrespective of body mass index or waist circumference.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Kyu
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Suk Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyoun Woo
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Gu
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Han Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: In Woong
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D005260:Female; D005705:Gallbladder Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011127:Polyps / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Adipose tissue; Gallbladder polyp; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity, abdominal; Risk factors