EANM procedural guidelines for radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging with SPECT and SPECT/CT: 2015 revision.
Since the publication of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) procedural guidelines for radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in 2005, many small and some larger steps of progress have been made, improving MPI procedures. In this paper, the major changes from the updated 2015 procedural guidelines are highlighted, focusing on the important changes related to new instrumentation with improved image information and the possibility to reduce radiation exposure, which is further discussed in relation to the recent developments of new International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) models. Introduction of the selective coronary vasodilator regadenoson and the use of coronary CT-contrast agents for hybrid imaging with SPECT/CT angiography are other important areas for nuclear cardiology that were not included in the previous guidelines. A large number of minor changes have been described in more detail in the fully revised version available at the EANM home page: http://eanm.org/publications/guidelines/2015_07_EANM_FINAL_myocardial_perfusion_guideline.pdf .
Department of Nuclear Medicine, F2-238, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. h.j.verberne@amc.uva.nl.
Hein J
HJ
Verberne
Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy.
Wanda
W
Acampa
Center for Experimental Surgery, Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Constantinos
C
Anagnostopoulos
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guy's Hospital - Guy's & St Thomas' Trust Foundation, London, UK.
Jim
J
Ballinger
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Frank
F
Bengel
Department of Nuclear Medicine, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium.
Pieter
P
De Bondt
Cardiac Imaging, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Ronny R
RR
Buechel
Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Alberto
A
Cuocolo
Department of Nuclear Medicine, F2-238, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Berthe L F
BL
van Eck-Smit
Nuclear Medicine Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Albert
A
Flotats
Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Marcus
M
Hacker
Department of Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
Cecilia
C
Hindorf
Cardiac Imaging, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Philip A
PA
Kaufmann
Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine-Westphalia, Institute for Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
Oliver
O
Lindner
Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Michael
M
Ljungberg
Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Markus
M
Lonsdale
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Service Commun Investigations chez l'Homme, GIP Cyceron, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France.
Alain
A
Manrique
Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
David
D
Minarik
Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Arthur J H A
AJ
Scholte
Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Riemer H J A
RH
Slart
Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Skåne University Hospital and Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Elin
E
Trägårdh
Department of Nuclear Medicine, F2-238, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Tim C
TC
de Wit
Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Birger
B
Hesse
D000328:Adult; D003287:Contrast Media; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D055414:Myocardial Perfusion Imaging / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011687:Purines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D000069079:Radiation Exposure; D012449:Safety; D012955:Societies, Medical; D012984:Software; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology
D003287:Contrast Media; D011687:Purines; D011720:Pyrazoles; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C430916:regadenoson
Guidelines; Myocardial perfusion imaging; Nuclear medicine; Procedures