Low neural exosomal levels of cellular survival factors in Alzheimer's disease.
Transcription factors that mediate neuronal defenses against diverse stresses were quantified in plasma neural-derived exosomes of Alzheimer's disease or frontotemporal dementia patients and matched controls. Exosomal levels of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6, heat-shock factor-1, and repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor all were significantly lower in Alzheimer's disease patients than controls (P < 0.0001). In frontotemporal dementia, the only significant difference was higher levels of repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor than in controls. Exosomal transcription factors were diminished 2-10 years before clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Low exosomal levels of survival proteins may explain decreased neuronal resistance to Alzheimer's disease neurotoxic proteins.
Department of Medicine, UCSF Medical Center and the Jewish Home of San Francisco San Francisco, California.
Edward J
EJ
Goetzl
Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Medical Center San Francisco, California.
Adam
A
Boxer
Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering, UCSF Medical Center and the Jewish Home of San Francisco San Francisco, California.
Janice B
JB
Schwartz
Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky.
Erin L
EL
Abner
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota.
Ronald C
RC
Petersen
Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Medical Center San Francisco, California.
Bruce L
BL
Miller
Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging Baltimore, Maryland.
Olga D
OD
Carlson
Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging Baltimore, Maryland.
Maja
M
Mustapic
Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging Baltimore, Maryland.
Dimitrios
D
Kapogiannis