Magnetic nanoparticle-based drug delivery for cancer therapy.
Nanoparticles have belonged to various fields of biomedical research for quite some time. A promising site-directed application in the field of nanomedicine is drug targeting using magnetic nanoparticles which are directed at the target tissue by means of an external magnetic field. Materials most commonly used for magnetic drug delivery contain metal or metal oxide nanoparticles, such as superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). SPIONs consist of an iron oxide core, often coated with organic materials such as fatty acids, polysaccharides or polymers to improve colloidal stability and to prevent separation into particles and carrier medium [1]. In general, magnetite and maghemite particles are those most commonly used in medicine and are, as a rule, well-tolerated. The magnetic properties of SPIONs allow the remote control of their accumulation by means of an external magnetic field. Conjugation of SPIONs with drugs, in combination with an external magnetic field to target the nanoparticles (so-called "magnetic drug targeting", MDT), has additionally emerged as a promising strategy of drug delivery. Magnetic nanoparticle-based drug delivery is a sophisticated overall concept and a multitude of magnetic delivery vehicles have been developed. Targeting mechanism-exploiting, tumor-specific attributes are becoming more and more sophisticated. The same is true for controlled-release strategies for the diseased site. As it is nearly impossible to record every magnetic nanoparticle system developed so far, this review summarizes interesting approaches which have recently emerged in the field of targeted drug delivery for cancer therapy based on magnetic nanoparticles.
ENT-Department, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Section for Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany. Electronic address: rainer.tietze@uk-erlangen.de.
Rainer
R
Tietze
ENT-Department, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Section for Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
Jan
J
Zaloga
ENT-Department, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Section for Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
Harald
H
Unterweger
ENT-Department, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Section for Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
Stefan
S
Lyer
ENT-Department, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Section for Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
Ralf P
RP
Friedrich
ENT-Department, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Section for Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
Christina
C
Janko
ENT-Department, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Section for Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
Marina
M
Pöttler
University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Phoniatry and Pediatric Audiology, Erlangen, Germany.
Stephan
S
Dürr
ENT-Department, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Section for Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
Christoph
C
Alexiou
D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000528:radiation effects; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D053769:Nanocapsules
Cancer therapy; Drug delivery; Magnetic nanoparticles