Whole-genome sequencing reveals the effect of vaccination on the evolution of Bordetella pertussis.
Herd immunity can potentially induce a change of circulating viruses. However, it remains largely unknown that how bacterial pathogens adapt to vaccination. In this study, Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, was selected as an example to explore possible effect of vaccination on the bacterial pathogen. We sequenced and analysed the complete genomes of 40 B. pertussis strains from Finland and China, as well as 11 previously sequenced strains from the Netherlands, where different vaccination strategies have been used over the past 50 years. The results showed that the molecular clock moved at different rates in these countries and in distinct periods, which suggested that evolution of the B. pertussis population was closely associated with the country vaccination coverage. Comparative whole-genome analyses indicated that evolution in this human-restricted pathogen was mainly characterised by ongoing genetic shift and gene loss. Furthermore, 116 SNPs were specifically detected in currently circulating ptxP3-containing strains. The finding might explain the successful emergence of this lineage and its spread worldwide. Collectively, our results suggest that the immune pressure of vaccination is one major driving force for the evolution of B. pertussis, which facilitates further exploration of the pathogenicity of B. pertussis.
Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes of Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, P. R. China.
Yinghua
Y
Xu
1] TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China [2] Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China.
Bin
B
Liu
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Turku University, Turku 20520, Finland.
Kirsi
K
Gröndahl-Yli-Hannuksila
Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes of Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, P. R. China.
Yajun
Y
Tan
1] TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China [2] Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China.
Lu
L
Feng
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Turku University, Turku 20520, Finland.
Teemu
T
Kallonen
Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes of Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, P. R. China.
Lichan
L
Wang
1] TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China [2] Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China.
Ding
D
Peng
1] Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Turku University, Turku 20520, Finland [2] Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku 20520, Finland [3] Department of Medical Microbiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.
Qiushui
Q
He
1] TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China [2] Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China [3] State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University 300457, Tianjin, P. R. China.
Lei
L
Wang
Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes of Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, P. R. China.
Shumin
S
Zhang
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D001886:Bordetella pertussis / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D017753:Ecosystem; D053476:Extinction, Biological; D049810:Genetic Speciation; D016680:Genome, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D038622:Internationality; D009154:Mutation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D010567:Pertussis Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis; D014611:Vaccination
D010567:Pertussis Vaccine