New Phases of Germanene.
Germanene, a graphene-like single-layer structure of Ge, has been shown to be stable and recently grown on Pt and Au substrates. We show that a Ge adatom adsorbed on germanene pushes down the host Ge atom underneath and forms a dumbbell structure. This exothermic process occurs spontaneously. The attractive dumbbell-dumbbell interaction favors high coverage of dumbbells. This Letter heralds stable new phases of germanene, which are constructed from periodically repeating coverage of dumbbell structures and display diversity of electronic and magnetic properties.
†UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, ‡Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, and ¶Department of Physics, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
V Ongun
VO
Özçelik
†UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, ‡Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, and ¶Department of Physics, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
E
E
Durgun
†UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, ‡Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, and ¶Department of Physics, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
Salim
S
Ciraci
ab initio; density functional theory; dumbbell; electronic structure; functionalization; germanium allotropes; two-dimensional materials