Adapted to change: The rapid development of symbiosis in newly settled, fast-maturing chemosymbiotic mussels in the deep sea.
Symbioses between microbiota and marine metazoa occur globally at chemosynthetic habitats facing imminent threat from anthropogenic disturbance, yet little is known concerning the role of symbiosis during early development in chemosymbiotic metazoans: a critical period in any benthic species' lifecycle. The emerging symbiosis of Idas (sensu lato) simpsoni mussels undergoing development is assessed over a post-larval-to-adult size spectrum using histology and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). Post-larval development shows similarities to that of both heterotrophic and chemosymbiotic mussels. Data from newly settled specimens confirm aposymbiotic, planktotrophic larval development. Sulphur-oxidising (SOX) symbionts subsequently colonise multiple exposed, non-ciliated epithelia shortly after metamorphosis, but only become abundant on gills as these expand with greater host size. This wide-spread bathymodiolin recorded from sulphidic wood, bone and cold-seep habitats, displays a suite of adaptive traits that could buffer against anthropogenic disturbance.
Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris 06, UMR7208 Laboratoire biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (UPMC CNRS MNHM IRD CAEN), 7 quai St Bernard, 75005 Paris, France; Departamento de Biologia and CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: svenlaming@googlemail.com.
Sven R
SR
Laming
Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris 06, UMR7208 Laboratoire biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (UPMC CNRS MNHM IRD CAEN), 7 quai St Bernard, 75005 Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
Sébastien
S
Duperron
Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris 06, UMR7208 Laboratoire biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (UPMC CNRS MNHM IRD CAEN), 7 quai St Bernard, 75005 Paris, France.
Sylvie M
SM
Gaudron
Departamento de Biologia and CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Ana
A
Hilário
Departamento de Biologia and CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Marina R
MR
Cunha
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D001267:Atlantic Ocean; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D017753:Ecosystem; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D049879:Mytilidae / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology*; D011174:Portugal; D013559:Symbiosis
Bathymodiolinae; Bone; Canyon; Chemosynthesis; Colonisation; Cow; Development; Ephemeral; Marine; Mussels; Symbiosis