Hyperglycemia is associated with simultaneous alterations in electrical brain activity in youths with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the association between hyperglycemia and electrical brain activity in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).


METHODS
Nine youths with T1DM were monitored simultaneously and continuously by EEG and continuous glucose monitor system, for 40 h. EEG powers of 0.5-80 Hz frequency bands in all the different brain regions were analyzed according to interstitial glucose concentration (IGC) ranges of 4-11 mmol/l, 11-15.5 mmol/l and >15.5 mmol/l. Analysis of variance was used to examine the differences in EEG power of each frequency band between the subgroups of IGC. Analysis was performed separately during wakefulness and sleep, controlling for age, gender and HbA1c.


RESULTS
Mean IGC was 11.49 ± 5.26 mmol/l in 1253 combined measurements. IGC>15.5 mmol/l compared to 4-11 mmol/l was associated during wakefulness with increased EEG power of low frequencies and with decreased EEG power of high frequencies. During sleep, it was associated with increased EEG power of low frequencies in all brain areas and of high frequencies in frontal and central areas.


CONCLUSIONS
Asymptomatic transient hyperglycemia in youth with T1DM is associated with simultaneous alterations in electrical brain activity during wakefulness and sleep.


CONCLUSIONS
The clinical implications of immediate electrical brain alterations under hyperglycemia need to be studied and may lead to adaptations of management.
Pediatric Diabetes Service, Pediatric Division, Assaf Haroffeh Medical Center, Zerifin 70300, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
M
M
Rachmiel
Pediatric Diabetes Service, Pediatric Division, Assaf Haroffeh Medical Center, Zerifin 70300, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
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M
Cohen
Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel; Pediatric Neurology Department, Assaf Haroffeh Medical Center, Zerifin 70300, Israel.
E
E
Heymen
Pediatric Neurology Department, Assaf Haroffeh Medical Center, Zerifin 70300, Israel.
M
M
Lezinger
Department of Neurology and Agnes Ginges Center of Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, POB 12000, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
D
D
Inbar
Orgil Company Inc., Israel.
S
S
Gilat
Pediatric Diabetes Service, Pediatric Division, Assaf Haroffeh Medical Center, Zerifin 70300, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
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T
Bistritzer
Pediatric Neurology Department, Assaf Haroffeh Medical Center, Zerifin 70300, Israel.
G
G
Leshem
Pediatric Neurology Department, Assaf Haroffeh Medical Center, Zerifin 70300, Israel.
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E
Kan-Dror
Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel; Pediatric Neurology Department, Assaf Haroffeh Medical Center, Zerifin 70300, Israel.
E
E
Lahat
Department of Neurology and Agnes Ginges Center of Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, POB 12000, Jerusalem 91120, Israel. Electronic address: dekstein@hadassah.org.il.
D
D
Ekstein
D000293:Adolescent; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male
D005947:Glucose
Diabetes mellitus; EEG; Hyperglycemia; Sleep; Wakefulness