Multicenter study of epidemiological cutoff values and detection of resistance in Candida spp. to anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin using the Sensititre YeastOne colorimetric method.
Neither breakpoints (BPs) nor epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs) have been established for Candida spp. with anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin when using the Sensititre YeastOne (SYO) broth dilution colorimetric method. In addition, reference caspofungin MICs have so far proven to be unreliable. Candida species wild-type (WT) MIC distributions (for microorganisms in a species/drug combination with no detectable phenotypic resistance) were established for 6,007 Candida albicans, 186 C. dubliniensis, 3,188 C. glabrata complex, 119 C. guilliermondii, 493 C. krusei, 205 C. lusitaniae, 3,136 C. parapsilosis complex, and 1,016 C. tropicalis isolates. SYO MIC data gathered from 38 laboratories in Australia, Canada, Europe, Mexico, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States were pooled to statistically define SYO ECVs. ECVs for anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin encompassing ≥97.5% of the statistically modeled population were, respectively, 0.12, 0.25, and 0.06 μg/ml for C. albicans, 0.12, 0.25, and 0.03 μg/ml for C. glabrata complex, 4, 2, and 4 μg/ml for C. parapsilosis complex, 0.5, 0.25, and 0.06 μg/ml for C. tropicalis, 0.25, 1, and 0.25 μg/ml for C. krusei, 0.25, 1, and 0.12 μg/ml for C. lusitaniae, 4, 2, and 2 μg/ml for C. guilliermondii, and 0.25, 0.25, and 0.12 μg/ml for C. dubliniensis. Species-specific SYO ECVs for anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin correctly classified 72 (88.9%), 74 (91.4%), 76 (93.8%), respectively, of 81 Candida isolates with identified fks mutations. SYO ECVs may aid in detecting non-WT isolates with reduced susceptibility to anidulafungin, micafungin, and especially caspofungin, since testing the susceptibilities of Candida spp. to caspofungin by reference methodologies is not recommended.
VCU Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA avingrof@vcu.edu.
A
A
Espinel-Ingroff
Servicio de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.
M
M
Alvarez-Fernandez
Unidad de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación, Valencia, Spain.
E
E
Cantón
Department of Clinical, Social and Administrative Sciences, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, and University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
P L
PL
Carver
Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute for Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.
S C-A
SC
Chen
Department of Clinical, Social and Administrative Sciences, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, and University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
G
G
Eschenauer
Stanford University Medical Center, Hospital and Clinics, Palo Alto, California, USA.
D L
DL
Getsinger
Universidad Autonóma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
G M
GM
Gonzalez
National Institute for Communicable Diseases and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
N P
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7869-9462
NP
Govender
Microbiology Lab, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
A
A
Grancini
Department of Pathology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
K E
KE
Hanson
National Mycology Reference Centre, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.
S E
SE
Kidd
Department of Pharmacy, UF Health Shands Hospital, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
K
K
Klinker
Department of Pharmacy, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA.
C J
CJ
Kubin
Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada.
J V
JV
Kus
Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
S R
SR
Lockhart
University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
J
J
Meletiadis
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
A J
AJ
Morris
Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maraňón, Facultad de Medicina-Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
T
T
Pelaez
UFI 11/25, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Bilbao, Spain.
G
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0438-2248
G
Quindós
Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain.
M
M
Rodriguez-Iglesias
Servei de Microbiologia Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
F
F
Sánchez-Reus
Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
S
S
Shoham
Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
N L
NL
Wengenack
Hospital Universitario Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
N
N
Borrell Solé
Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain.
J
J
Echeverria
Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain.
J
J
Esperalba
Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
E
E
Gómez-G de la Pedrosa
Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
I
I
García García
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Córdoba, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain.
M J
MJ
Linares
Department of Microbiology, ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
F
F
Marco
Hospital Clínico Universitario de San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
P
P
Merino
Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
J
J
Pemán
Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
L
L
Pérez Del Molino
Hospital Universitario Valle Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain.
E
E
Roselló Mayans
Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain.
C
C
Rubio Calvo
Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain.
M
M
Ruiz Pérez de Pipaon
Hospital Universitario Virgen De La Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.
G
G
Yagüe
Mycology and Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina.
G
G
Garcia-Effron
Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maraňón, Facultad de Medicina-Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
J
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7901-8355
J
Guinea
Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
D S
DS
Perlin
Institute of Microbiology and Institute of Hygiene d'Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
M
M
Sanguinetti
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
R
R
Shields
University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
J
J
Turnidge
D000077612:Anidulafungin; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D000077336:Caspofungin; D054714:Echinocandins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055666:Lipopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077551:Micafungin; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics
D000935:Antifungal Agents; D054714:Echinocandins; D055666:Lipopeptides; D000077612:Anidulafungin; D000077336:Caspofungin; D000077551:Micafungin