Decolorization and biogas production by an anaerobic consortium: effect of different azo dyes and quinoid redox mediators.
The inhibitory effect of azo dyes and quinoid compounds on an anaerobic consortium was evaluated during a decolorization process and biogas production. In addition, the impact of quinoid compounds such as lawsone (LAW) and anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) on the rate of decolorization of Direct Blue 71 (DB71) was assessed. The anaerobic consortium was not completely inhibited under all tested dye concentrations (0.1-2 mmol l(-1)), evidenced by an active decolorization process and biogas production. The presence of quinoid compounds at different concentrations (4, 8, and 12 mmol l(-1)) also inhibited biogas production compared to the control incubated without the quinoid compounds. In summary, the anaerobic consortium was affected to a greater extent by increasing the quantity of azo dyes or quinoid compounds. Nevertheless, at a lower concentration (1 mmol l(-1)) of quinoid compounds, the anaerobic consortium effectively decolorized 2 mmol l(-1) of DB71, increasing up to 5.2- and 20.4-fold the rate of decolorization with AQDS and LAW, respectively, compared to the control lacking quinoid compounds.
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, 66451 Nuevo León, México E-mail: luish.alvarezv@gmail.com.
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Alvarez
Departamento de Ciencias del Agua y Medio Ambiente, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora (ITSON), Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México.
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Valdez-Espinoza
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, 66451 Nuevo León, México E-mail: luish.alvarezv@gmail.com.
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García-Reyes
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, 66451 Nuevo León, México E-mail: luish.alvarezv@gmail.com.
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Olivo-Alanis
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, 66451 Nuevo León, México E-mail: luish.alvarezv@gmail.com.
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Garza-González
Departamento de Ciencias del Agua y Medio Ambiente, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora (ITSON), Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México.
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Meza-Escalante
Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora (ITSON), Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México.
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Gortáres-Moroyoqui
D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000633:toxicity*; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D056804:Biofuels; D002384:Catalysis; D004396:Coloring Agents; D059013:Microbial Consortia / Q000187:drug effects*; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000633:toxicity*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
D000880:Anthraquinones; D001391:Azo Compounds; D056804:Biofuels; D004396:Coloring Agents; D009285:Naphthoquinones; C408124:anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate; C042834:9,10-anthraquinone; C408744:Direct Blue 71; C005090:lawsone