Longitudinal Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study: rationale, study design and research methodology.
BACKGROUND
The rationale, objectives, study design and procedures for the longitudinal Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study are described.


METHODS
A longitudinal cohort study was carried out.


METHODS
Participants include surviving cohort from the rural component of Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study.


METHODS
During 1996-2000, Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Survey was conducted in three rural (n = 7771) and one urban (n = 2522) areas (now called Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study 1). In 2009-2010, a feasibility exercise (Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study 2) for a longitudinal study (Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study 3) was undertaken in the rural clusters only, as urban clusters no longer existed. In Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study 3, a detailed interview will be carried out to collect data on sociodemographic factors, ocular and systemic history, risk factors, visual function, knowledge of eye diseases and barriers to accessing services. All participants will also undergo a comprehensive eye examination including photography of lens, optic disc and retina, Optic Coherence Tomography of the posterior segment, anthropometry, blood pressure and frailty measures.


METHODS
Measures include estimates of the incidence of visual impairment and age-related eye disease (lens opacities, glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration) and the progression of eye disease (lens opacities and myopia) and associated risk factors.


RESULTS
Of the 7771 respondents examined in rural areas in Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study 1, 5447 (70.1%) participants were traced in Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study 2. These participants will be re-examined.


CONCLUSIONS
Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study 3 will provide data on the incidence and progression of visual impairment and major eye diseases and their associated risk factors in India. The study will provide further evidence to aid planning eye care services.
Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, India.|Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, India.
Rohit C
RC
Khanna
International Centre for Eye Health, Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.|Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad, India.
Gudlavalleti Vs
GV
Murthy
Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, India.|Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, India.
Srinivas
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-9809
S
Marmamula
Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, India.|Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, India.
Asha Latha
AL
Mettla
Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, India.|Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, India.
Pyda
P
Giridhar
Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, India.|Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, India.
Seema
S
Banerjee
Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, India.|Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, India.
Konegari
K
Shekhar
Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, India.
Subhabrata
S
Chakrabarti
International Centre for Eye Health, Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Clare
C
Gilbert
Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, India.|Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, India.
Gullapalli N
GN
Rao
D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003906:Developing Countries; D018450:Disease Progression; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012107:Research Design; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D019987:Persons with Visual Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study; cohort; incidence; progression; risk factors