Functional Role of Pyridinium during Aqueous Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 on Pt(111).
Recent breakthroughs in electrochemical studies have reported aqueous CO2 reduction to formic acid, formaldehyde, and methanol at low overpotentials (-0.58 V versus SCE), with a Pt working electrode in acidic pyridine (Pyr) solutions. We find that CO2 is reduced by H atoms bound to the Pt surface that are transferred as hydrides to CO2 in a proton-coupled hydride transfer (PCHT) mechanism activated by pyridinium (PyrH(+)), CO2 + Pt-H + PyrH(+) + e(-) → Pyr + Pt + HCO2H. The surface-bound H atoms consumed by CO2 reduction is replenished by the one-electron reduction of PyrH(+) through the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET), PyrH(+) + Pt + e(-) → Pyr + Pt-H. Pyridinium is essential to establish a high concentration of Brønsted acid in contact with CO2 and with the Pt surface, much higher than the concentration of free protons. These findings are particularly relevant to generate fuels with a carbon-neutral footprint.
†Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 555A, Upton, New York 11973, United States.|‡Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 08107-06520, United States.
Mehmed Z
MZ
Ertem
‡Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 08107-06520, United States.|§Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, P.O. Box 27394, West Haven, Connecticut 06516-7394, United States.
Steven J
SJ
Konezny
‡Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 08107-06520, United States.|⊥Yale Climate and Energy Institute (YCEI), Yale University, P.O. Box 208109, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8109, United States.
C Moyses
CM
Araujo
‡Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 08107-06520, United States.|§Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, P.O. Box 27394, West Haven, Connecticut 06516-7394, United States.|⊥Yale Climate and Energy Institute (YCEI), Yale University, P.O. Box 208109, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8109, United States.
Victor S
VS
Batista
CO2 reduction; density functional theory (DFT); electrocatalysis; proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET); proton-coupled hydride transfer (PCHT); pyridinium