Dog erythrocyte antigen 1: mode of inheritance and initial characterization.
BACKGROUND
The dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1 blood group system remains poorly defined.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of the study was to determine the DEA 1 mode of inheritance and to characterize the DEA 1 antigen and alloantibodies.


METHODS
Canine research colony families, clinic canine patients, and DEA 1.2+ blood bank dogs were studied.


METHODS
Canine blood was typed by flow cytometry and immunochromatographic strips using anti-DEA 1 monoclonal antibodies. Gel column experiments with polyclonal and immunoblotting with monoclonal anti-DEA 1 antibodies were performed to analyze select samples. Cross-reactivity of human typing reagents against canine RBC and one monoclonal anti-DEA 1 antibody against human RBC panels was assessed.


RESULTS
Typing of 12 families comprising 144 dogs indicated an autosomal dominant inheritance with ≥ 4 alleles: DEA 1- (0) and DEA 1+ weak (1+), intermediate (2+), and strong (3+ and 4+). Samples from 6 dogs previously typed as DEA 1.2+ were typed as DEA 1+ or DEA 1- using monoclonal antibodies. Human typing reagents produced varied reactions in tube agglutination experiments against DEA 1+ and DEA 1- RBC. Polypeptide bands were not detected on immunoblots using a monoclonal anti-DEA 1 antibody, therefore the anti-DEA 1 antibody may be specific for conformational epitopes lost during processing.


CONCLUSIONS
The autosomal dominant inheritance of DEA 1 with ≥ 4 alleles indicates a complex blood group system; the antigenicity of each DEA 1+ type will need to be determined. The biochemical nature of the DEA 1 antigen(s) appears different from human blood group systems tested.
Section of Medical Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Klaudia
K
Polak
Section of Medical Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Michelle M
MM
Acierno
Section of Medical Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Karthik
K
Raj
Section of Medical Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Keijiro
K
Mizukami
Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Don L
DL
Siegel
Section of Medical Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Urs
U
Giger
D000372:Agglutination Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology*; D001789:Blood Group Antigens; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004285:Dogs / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000662:veterinary; D006801:Humans; D040582:Inheritance Patterns; D007518:Isoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001789:Blood Group Antigens; D007518:Isoantibodies
Blood groups; blood typing; canine; polymorphism; transfusion