[Overweight in primary school-age children. Prevalence and risk factors].
BACKGROUND
Various studies show that pre-school age is a sensitive period for the development of overweight and obesity. During a longitudinal study between 2010 and 2013, the municipal health authority (city of Frankfurt) in cooperation with the university children's hospital investigated the development of weight in children aged 5 to 8.


METHODS
The weight and height of a collective of 5720 children were measured (2010/11). In addition, nutritional and exercise habits, as well as media consumption was documented for 4758 children through a questionnaire during the school enrolment procedure. The weight and height of 3481 children were measured again in the second grade (2012/13).


RESULTS
Over a period of 24 months, the percentage of overweight (not obese) children increased from 7.5 to 9.4 % and that of obese children from 4.5 to 5.0 %. 164 of 2818 children with a normal initial weight (5.8 %) changed to percentile class overweight or obese. 79 of 260 children who were initially overweight, not obese (30 %), changed to the group of normal weight, but only 4 out of 156 obese children (3 %). Increased TV consumption (> 1 h per day), availability of their own television, lack of physical activity, and consumption of high-calorie drinks were risk factors for the development of overweight during the primary school age. 72 % of parents of overweight children and 22 % of obese children falsely classified their children as normal weight.


CONCLUSIONS
Targeted education about the risk of obesity in the primary school age and offers for early intervention should be established in the healthcare services concerned.
Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (KKJM) des Klinikums, J. W. Goethe Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland.
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MB
Funk
Abteilung Zahnmedizin, Gesundheitsamt Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland.
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Bausback-Schomakers
Fachgebiet Biostatistik, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (PEI), Langen, Deutschland.
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KM
Hanschmann
Abteilung Psychiatrie, Gesundheitsamt Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland.
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Gerhards
Abteilung Zahnmedizin, Gesundheitsamt Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland.
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Kuhn
Abteilung Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Gesundheitsamt Frankfurt, Breite Gasse 28, 60313, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland. bernhard.krackhardt@stadt-frankfurt.de.
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Krackhardt
D017677:Age Distribution; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003201:Computers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012574:Schools / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013177:Sports / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013334:Students; D013690:Television / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
Overweight; Parental perception; Prevalence; Primary school age; Risk factors