Highly stable multi-anchored magnetic nanoparticles for optical imaging within biofilms.
Magnetic nanoparticles are the next tool in medical diagnoses and treatment in many different biomedical applications, including magnetic hyperthermia as alternative treatment for cancer and bacterial infections, as well as the disruption of biofilms. The colloidal stability of the magnetic nanoparticles in a biological environment is crucial for efficient delivery. A surface that can be easily modifiable can also improve the delivery and imaging properties of the magnetic nanoparticle by adding targeting and imaging moieties, providing a platform for additional modification. The strategy presented in this work includes multiple nitroDOPA anchors for robust binding to the surface tied to the same polymer backbone as multiple poly(ethylene oxide) chains for steric stability. This approach provides biocompatibility and enhanced stability in fetal bovine serum (FBS) and phosphate buffer saline (PBS). As a proof of concept, these polymer-particles complexes were then modified with a near infrared dye and utilized in characterizing the integration of magnetic nanoparticles in biofilms. The work presented in this manuscript describes the synthesis and characterization of a nontoxic platform for the labeling of near IR-dyes for bioimaging.
Clemson University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET), 91 Technology Drive, Anderson, SC 29625, USA.
R C
RC
Stone
Clemson University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET), 91 Technology Drive, Anderson, SC 29625, USA.
B D
BD
Fellows
Clemson University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET), 91 Technology Drive, Anderson, SC 29625, USA.
B
B
Qi
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Materials Science and Engineering, 1509 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
D
D
Trebatoski
Clemson University, Department of Biological Sciences, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
B
B
Jenkins
Clemson University, Department of Biological Sciences, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
Y
Y
Raval
Clemson University, Department of Biological Sciences, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
T R
TR
Tzeng
Clemson University, Department of Biological Sciences, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Clemson University, Light Imaging Facility, 190 Collings Street, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
T F
TF
Bruce
Clemson University, Department of Biological Sciences, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Clemson University Institute of Environmental Toxicology (CU-ENTOX), 509 Westinghouse Road, Pendleton, SC 29670, USA.
T
T
McNealy
Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
M J
MJ
Austin
Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
T C
TC
Monson
Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
D L
DL
Huber
Clemson University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET), 91 Technology Drive, Anderson, SC 29625, USA; Clemson University Institute of Environmental Toxicology (CU-ENTOX), 509 Westinghouse Road, Pendleton, SC 29670, USA. Electronic address: mefford@clemson.edu.
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OT
Mefford
D000818:Animals; D018441:Biofilms; D002417:Cattle; D004295:Dihydroxyphenylalanine / Q000737:chemistry*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D016952:Legionella pneumophila / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*
D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D004295:Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Biofilms; Click chemistry; Fluorescence; Heterobifunctional; Imaging; Magnetic nanoparticles; Multi-anchored; NitroDOPA; Polyethylene oxide