Novel biomarkers of periodontitis and/or obesity in saliva-An exploratory analysis.
OBJECTIVE
Recent studies point to the clinical and research utility of saliva as a valuable diagnostic aid for monitoring periodontal health. The objectives of this study were to detect novel biomarkers attributed to chronic inflammation in saliva and to determine if the levels of these markers correlate with severity of periodontitis and with standard obesity measures in participants in a periodontal maintenance program.


METHODS
In this cross-sectional assessment of 63 participants, unstimulated whole saliva was collected after recording anthropometric and clinical parameters of obesity and periodontitis, respectively. The levels of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), sCD40L, granzyme B and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in saliva were determined using multiplex proteomic immunoassays. The correlation between the four tested biomarker concentrations and obesity/periodontal measures was determined.


RESULTS
Positive correlation between fat% and granzyme B levels (r=0.292; p=0.020) and negative correlation between BMI and sCD40L (r=0.256; p=0.043) was observed. In addition, positive correlation between severity of periodontal disease and levels of IL1-ra (r=0.253; p=0.046) and negative correlation between periodontitis severity and sCD40L salivary levels (r=0.272; p=0.031) was noted. None of the above correlations remained statistically significant after multiple comparisons adjustment. After adjustment for clinical covariates, the relationship between sCD40L and periodontal severity remained suggestive (p=0.081).


CONCLUSIONS
Levels of four novel biomarkers of periodontitis were detectable in saliva of subjects enrolled in a periodontal maintenance program. Prospective studies with larger sample sizes and other populations are warranted to explore the diagnostic applicability of these markers.
Dows Institute of Dental Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Erica N
EN
Recker
Dows Institute of Dental Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Periodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Kim A
KA
Brogden
Department of Periodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Gustavo
G
Avila-Ortiz
Dows Institute of Dental Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Carol L
CL
Fischer
Biostatistics and Research Design, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Keyla
K
Pagan-Rivera
Dows Institute of Dental Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Biostatistics and Research Design, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Deborah V
DV
Dawson
Department of Periodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Katherine M
KM
Smith
Department of Periodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Electronic address: satheesh-elangovan@uiowa.edu.
Satheesh
S
Elangovan
D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D053804:Granzymes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D040901:Proteomics; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
D015415:Biomarkers; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D053804:Granzymes
Bbesity; Diagnostics; Periodontal disease; Saliva