Inactivation of Parietal Reach Region Affects Reaching But Not Saccade Choices in Internally Guided Decisions.
The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) has traditionally been considered important for awareness, spatial perception, and attention. However, recent findings provide evidence that the PPC also encodes information important for making decisions. These findings have initiated a running argument of whether the PPC is critically involved in decision making. To examine this issue, we reversibly inactivated the parietal reach region (PRR), the area of the PPC that is specialized for reaching movements, while two monkeys performed a memory-guided reaching or saccade task. The task included choices between two equally rewarded targets presented simultaneously in opposite visual fields. Free-choice trials were interleaved with instructed trials, in which a single cue presented in the peripheral visual field defined the reach and saccade target unequivocally. We found that PRR inactivation led to a strong reduction of contralesional choices, but only for reaches. On the other hand, saccade choices were not affected by PRR inactivation. Importantly, reaching and saccade movements to single instructed targets remained largely intact. These results cannot be explained as an effector-nonspecific deficit in spatial attention or awareness, since the temporary "lesion" had an impact only on reach choices. Hence, the PPR is a part of a network for reach decisions and not just reach planning.


CONCLUSIONS
There has been an ongoing debate on whether the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) represents only spatial awareness, perception, and attention or whether it is also involved in decision making for actions. In this study we explore whether the parietal reach region (PRR), the region of the PPC that is specialized for reaches, is involved in the decision process. We inactivated the PRR while two monkeys performed reach and saccade choices between two targets presented simultaneously in both hemifields. We found that inactivation affected only the reach choices, while leaving saccade choices intact. These results cannot be explained as a deficit in attention, since the temporary lesion affected only the reach choices. Thus, PRR is a part of a network for making reach decisions.
Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, vchristo@caltech.edu.
Vassilios N
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0541-8700
VN
Christopoulos
Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom, and.
James
J
Bonaiuto
Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
Igor
I
Kagan
Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125.
Richard A
RA
Andersen
D000818:Animals; D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D012201:Reward; D012438:Saccades / Q000502:physiology*; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology
internally guided decisions; parietal reach region; posterior parietal cortex; reaching; saccades; spatial extinction