Self-assessment of competencies in dental education in Germany - a multicentred survey.
BACKGROUND
The aim was to assess the competencies of undergraduate dental students in Germany in the domains team competence, communicative competence, learning competence and scholarship.


METHODS
The survey was conducted at 11 dental schools that are equally distributed all over Germany. Competencies were assessed with the Freiburg Questionnaire to Assess Competencies in Medicine (FCM). A short version of the FCM was used in this study. This short form included the four domains: team competence (three items), communicative competence (eight items), learning competence (five items) and scholarship (four items). Students had to rate each item twice: first with regard to the respondent's current level of competence and second with regard to the level of competence that respondents think is required by their job. All items were rated on a five-point Likert scale (1 'very much' and 5 'not at all'). Responsible lecturers from all selected dental schools received another questionnaire to answer the questions whether the FCM domain corresponding learning objectives were taught at the respective dental school.


RESULTS
A total of 317 undergraduate students from 11 dental schools in their last clinical year participated. The response rate varied between 48% and 92%. Cronbach's α for the FCM scales addressing the current level of competencies ranged from 0.70 to 0.89 and for the scales measuring the presumed level of competencies demanded by their job ranged from 0.72 to 0.82. The mean values of the scales for the assessment of the presumed level of competencies demanded by the job were significantly lower compared to the mean values of the scales for the current level of competencies (P < 0.001 in all analyses). We found large differences between the two levels - in terms of 'standardised response means' (SRM) - in the domains team competence (SRM 1.34), learning competence (SRM 1.27) and communicative competence (SRM 1.18). Overall, the learning objectives that correspond to the assessed domains of competencies were taught to 19.6% completely, to 55.4% partially and to 25% not at all at the participating dental schools.


CONCLUSIONS
The results of the present survey revealed that the participating students perceived deficiencies in all domains of competencies. These results indicate that the assessed domains are still barely integrated into dental medicine curricula in Germany and that further research in this field is needed.
Department of Operative Dentistry and Preventive Dentistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. kerstin.bitter@charite.de.
K
K
Bitter
Department of Operative Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
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S
Rüttermann
Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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M
Lippmann
Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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P
Hahn
Students Deanery, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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M
Giesler
D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003142:Communication; D004497:Education, Dental; D005257:Fellowships and Scholarships; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D012575:Schools, Dental; D012647:Self-Assessment; D013335:Students, Dental; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013663:Teaching; D013850:Thinking
competence-based dental education; survey