Disease Resistance Gene Analogs (RGAs) in Plants.
Plants have developed effective mechanisms to recognize and respond to infections caused by pathogens. Plant resistance gene analogs (RGAs), as resistance (R) gene candidates, have conserved domains and motifs that play specific roles in pathogens' resistance. Well-known RGAs are nucleotide binding site leucine rich repeats, receptor like kinases, and receptor like proteins. Others include pentatricopeptide repeats and apoplastic peroxidases. RGAs can be detected using bioinformatics tools based on their conserved structural features. Thousands of RGAs have been identified from sequenced plant genomes. High-density genome-wide RGA genetic maps are useful for designing diagnostic markers and identifying quantitative trait loci (QTL) or markers associated with plant disease resistance. This review focuses on recent advances in structures and mechanisms of RGAs, and their identification from sequenced genomes using bioinformatics tools. Applications in enhancing fine mapping and cloning of plant disease resistance genes are also discussed.
Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada. manoj.sekhwal@agr.gc.ca.
Manoj Kumar
MK
Sekhwal
Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada. pingchuan.li@agr.gc.ca.
Pingchuan
P
Li
Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada. irene.lam@agr.gc.ca.
Irene
I
Lam
National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. xiuew@njau.edu.cn.
Xiue
X
Wang
Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. sylvie.j.cloutier@agr.gc.ca.
Sylvie
S
Cloutier
Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada. frank.you@agr.gc.ca.|Plant Science Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. frank.you@agr.gc.ca.
Frank M
FM
You
D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D017343:Genes, Plant; D018745:Genome, Plant; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics*; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci
disease resistance gene; gene mining; nucleotide binding site leucine rich repeat (NBS-LRR); pentatricopeptide repeats (PPRs); receptor like kinase (RLK); receptor like protein (RLP); resistance gene analog (RGA); small RNA (sRNA)