Species-Specific Serological Detection for Schistosomiasis by Serine Protease Inhibitor (SERPIN) in Multiplex Assay.
BACKGROUND
Both Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium cause schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed the diagnostic value of selected Schistosoma antigens for the development of a multiplex serological immunoassay for sero-epidemiological surveillance.


RESULTS
Diagnostic ability of recombinant antigens from S. mansoni and S. haematobium was assessed by Luminex multiplex immunoassay using plasma from school children in two areas of Kenya, endemic for different species of schistosomiasis. S. mansoni serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) and Sm-RP26 showed significantly higher reactivity to patient plasma as compared to the control group. Sm-Filamin, Sm-GAPDH, Sm-GST, Sm-LAP1, Sm-LAP2, Sm-Sm31, Sm-Sm32 and Sm-Tropomyosin did not show difference in reactivity between S. mansoni infected and uninfected pupils. Sm-RP26 was cross-reactive to plasma from S. haematobium patients, whereas Sm-SERPIN was species-specific. Sh-SEPRIN was partially cross-reactive to S. mansoni infected patients. ROC analysis for Sm-RP26, Sm-SERPIN and Sh-SERPIN showed AUC values of 0.833, 0.888 and 0.947, respectively. Using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient analysis, we also found significant positive correlation between the number of excreted eggs and median fluorescence intensity (MFI) from the multiplex immunoassays for Sm-SERPIN (ρ = 0.430, p-value = 0.003) and Sh-SERPIN (ρ = 0.433, p-value = 0.006).


CONCLUSIONS
Sm-SERPIN is a promising species-specific diagnostic antigen. Sh-SEPRIN was partially cross-reactive to S. mansoni infected patients. SERPINs showed correlation with the number of excreted eggs. These indicate prospects for inclusion of SERPINs in the multiplex serological immunoassay system.
Department of Eco-Epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
Chihiro
C
Tanigawa
Department of Eco-Epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
Yoshito
Y
Fujii
Department of Eco-Epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
Masashi
M
Miura
Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine-Kenya Medical Research Institute Project, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Busia, Kenya.
Samson Muuo
SM
Nzou
Production Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Anne Wanjiru
AW
Mwangi
Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
Sachiyo
S
Nagi
Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine-Kenya Medical Research Institute Project, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
Shinjiro
S
Hamano
Eastern & Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control (ESACIPAC), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Sammy M
SM
Njenga
Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
Evaristus Chibunna
EC
Mbanefo
Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
Kenji
K
Hirayama
Centre for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Busia, Kenya; Consortium for National Health Research (CNHR), Nairobi, Kenya.
Matilu
M
Mwau
Department of Eco-Epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine-Kenya Medical Research Institute Project, Nairobi, Kenya; Graduate School of International Health Development, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
Satoshi
S
Kaneko
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D003429:Cross Reactions; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D007630:Kenya; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012548:Schistosoma haematobium / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012553:Schistosomiasis haematobia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000469:parasitology; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000469:parasitology; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015843:Serpins / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D013045:Species Specificity
D000909:Antibodies, Helminth; D000947:Antigens, Helminth; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; D015843:Serpins