Heterosexual men who patronise entertainment establishments versus brothels in an Asian urban setting - which group practises riskier sexual behaviours?
BACKGROUND
Sex work has shifted from brothels to entertainment establishments (EEs) in Asia. Men who patronise EEs could act as a bridging population for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infection (STI) transmission through unprotected sex with the female EE workers to their spouses and regular partners. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence and factors associated with risky sexual behaviours among the heterosexual men who patronised the EEs and brothels in Singapore.


METHODS
This was a cross-sectional survey involving 569 heterosexual men (297 recruited from brothels and 272 from EEs). A 2-stage sampling involving proportional stratified random sampling of the brothels and EEs, followed by time location sampling of the men, was conducted. For multivariable analysis, we used a mixed effects logistic model with backward elimination to account for clustering by venue and to obtain the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for the association of various factors with consistent condom use in vaginal and oral sex respectively.


RESULTS
Men who patronised EEs were younger, more likely to be single, more highly-educated and comprised more professionals compared to the brothel group. On multivariable analysis, consistent condom use for vaginal sex decreased at the EE setting (aOR 0.64; 95 % CI: 0.42 -0.97) and with alcohol use before sex (aOR 0.67; 95 % CI: 0.46 - 0.98) and increased with perceived high risk of getting HIV/STIs from partner (aOR 2.08; 95 % CI: 1.30 - 3.32) and partner's request for condom use (aOR 5.48; 95 % CI: 1.20 - 25.11). For consistent condom use with oral sex, this decreased at the EE setting (aOR 0.64; 95 % CI: 0.39 - 0.98) and with alcohol use before sex (aOR 0.50; 95 % CI: 0.31 - 0.81) and increased with partner's request for condom use (aOR 5.19; 95 % CI: 1.38 - 19.57).


CONCLUSIONS
Men who patronised EEs practised risker sexual behaviours compared to the brothel group. Priority should be given for intervention programmes to target men who patronise EEs, which could involve the female EE workers, the EE owners as well as the managers for effective HIV/STI prevention.
Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Tahir Foundation Building, 12 Science Drive 2, 117549, Singapore, Singapore. raymondlim1302@gmail.com.
Raymond Boon Tar
RB
Lim
Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Tahir Foundation Building, 12 Science Drive 2, 117549, Singapore, Singapore. ephwml@nus.edu.sg.
Mee Lian
ML
Wong
Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore, Singapore. calvin.tan@duke-nus.edu.sg.
Poh Huat
PH
Tan
Health Promotion Board, 3 Second Hospital Avenue, 168937, Singapore, Singapore. mandy_govender@hpb.gov.sg.
Mandy
M
Govender
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D020010:Heterosexuality; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011477:Sex Work / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D012846:Singapore; D047568:Unsafe Sex / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult