Update on management of genitourinary syndrome of menopause: A practical guide.
The term genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) emerged following a consensus conference held in May 2013. GSM is a more descriptive term than vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) and does not imply pathology. However there are concerns that GSM is all encompassing and includes not only symptoms resulting from estrogen deficiency, but also those arising from the effects of ageing and other processes on the bladder and pelvic floor. Focusing on symptoms related to estrogen deficiency, the update provides a practical guide for health and allied health professionals on the impact of GSM on women and their partners, assessment, management and areas for future research. As GSM is a chronic condition, long term therapy is required. Hormonal, nonhormonal, laser and alternative and complementary therapies are described.
Palacios Institute of Women's Health, Madrid, Spain.
Santiago
S
Palacios
Institut Clínic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Camil
C
Castelo-Branco
Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary, Dumfries, UK.
Heather
H
Currie
Department of Reproductive Medicine, VU University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Velja
V
Mijatovic
Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Gynecological Endocrinology and Menopause, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia,Pavia, Italy.
Rossella E
RE
Nappi
Clinical Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, George Washington University School of Medicine, Medical Director, Women's Health & Research Consultants(®), Washington, DC, USA.
James
J
Simon
Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. Electronic address: margaret.rees@st-hildas.ox.ac.uk.
Margaret
M
Rees
D001284:Atrophy / Q000628:therapy; D000529:Complementary Therapies; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004967:Estrogens / Q000172:deficiency / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008593:Menopause; D009652:Norpregnenes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011788:Quality of Life; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019529:Sexuality; D013577:Syndrome; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014621:Vagina / Q000473:pathology*; D014844:Vulva / Q000473:pathology*
D004967:Estrogens; D009652:Norpregnenes; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D013629:Tamoxifen; C119141:Ospemifene; C027385:tibolone
Genitourinary syndrome of menopause; Menopausal hormone therapy; Nonhormonal vaginal therapy; Sexuality; Vulvovaginal atrophy