Effect of physical exercise on workplace social capital: Cluster randomized controlled trial.
OBJECTIVE
While workplace health promotion with group-based physical exercise can improve workers' physical health, less is known about potential carry-over effects to psychosocial factors. This study investigates the effect of physical exercise on social capital at work.


METHODS
Altogether, 200 female healthcare workers (nurses and nurse's aides) from 18 departments at three hospitals were randomly allocated at the department level to 10 weeks of (1) group-based physical exercise at work during working hours or (2) physical exercise at home during leisure time. At baseline and follow-up, participants replied to a questionnaire concerning workplace social capital: (1) within teams (bonding); (2) between teams (bridging); (3) between teams and nearest leaders (linking A); (4) between teams and distant leaders (linking B).


RESULTS
At baseline, bonding, bridging, linking A and linking B social capital were 74 (SD 17), 61 (SD 19), 72 (SD 22) and 70 (SD 18), respectively, on a scale of 0-100 (where 100 is best). A group by time interaction was found for bonding social capital (P=0.02), where physical exercise at work compared with physical exercise during leisure time increased 5.3 (95% confidence interval 2.3- 8.2)(effect size, Cohen's d = 0.31) from baseline to follow-up. For physical exercise at home during leisure time and exercise at work combined, a time effect (P=0.001) was found for linking A social capital, with a decrease of 4.8 (95% confidence interval 1.9-7.6).


CONCLUSIONS
Group-based physical exercise at work contributed to building social capital within teams at the workplace. However, the general decrease of social capital between teams and nearest leaders during the intervention period warrants further research.
National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Denmark Physical Activity and Human Performance group, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark lla@arbejdsmiljoforskning.dk.
Lars L
LL
Andersen
National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Denmark.
Otto M
OM
Poulsen
National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Denmark.
Emil
E
Sundstrup
National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Denmark Physical Activity and Human Performance group, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark.
Mikkel
M
Brandt
National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Denmark.
Kenneth
K
Jay
National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Denmark.
Thomas
T
Clausen
National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Denmark.
Vilhelm
V
Borg
Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Roger
R
Persson
National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Denmark.
Markus D
MD
Jakobsen
D000328:Adult; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D008875:Middle Aged; D009728:Nursing Assistants / Q000523:psychology; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology; D009746:Nursing, Team / Q000458:organization & administration; D066270:Social Capital; D017132:Workplace / Q000458:organization & administration*
Social capital; human capital; nursing; occupational; physical activity; randomized trial; well-being; work-related