Between a rock and a hard place: Smoking trends in a Manitoba First Nation.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study is to estimate and compare smoking prevalence over two time periods in a Manitoba First Nation community.


METHODS
Data fromtwo independent Diabetes Screening Studies in Sandy Bay First Nation, collected in 2002/2003 (n = 482) and 2011/2012 (n = 596),were used. Crude prevalence of current and ever smoking as well as current smoke exposure was estimated. Change over time was tested using a χ² statistic.


RESULTS
The crude prevalence of current smoking was 74.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 70.1, 78.0) in 2002/2003 and 80.0% (95% CI: 76.8, 83.2) in 2011/2012. The crude prevalence of ever smoking was 83.0% in 2002/2003 and 91.4% in 2011/2012. The prevalence of both current smoking status and ever smoking were significantly higher in 2011/2012 compared to 2002/2003 (p = 0.020 and p < 0.001 respectively). Among participants who were not current smokers, 58.5% (95% CI: 49.6, 67.4) and 76.5% (95% CI: 68.9, 84.1) reported at least one person who smoked in the home in 2002/2003 and 2011/2012 respectively (p = 0.003). In 2011/2012, 96.5% (95% CI: 94.8, 98.2) of those who reported having any children under the age of 18 living in the home were either a current smoker and/or reported that someone else smoked in the home.


CONCLUSIONS
Public health and policy initiatives are needed to address the increase in smoking prevalence in the study community.
Manitoba First Nations Centre for Aboriginal Health Research Department of Community Health Sciences University of Manitoba. natalie.riediger@med.umanitoba.ca.
Natalie D
ND
Riediger
Virginia
V
Lukianchuk
Lisa M
LM
Lix
Lawrence
L
Elliott
Sharon G
SG
Bruce
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008350:Manitoba / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
Aboriginal; First Nation; Smoking; community-based participatory research; sovereignty