Electronic Structure of TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cell Interfaces.
The electronic structure and chemical composition of efficient CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cell materials deposited onto mesoporous TiO2 were studied using photoelectron spectroscopy with hard X-rays. With this technique, it is possible to directly measure the occupied energy levels of the perovskite as well as the TiO2 buried beneath and thereby determine the energy level matching of the interface. The measurements of the valence levels were in good agreement with simulated density of states, and the investigation gives information on the character of the valence levels. We also show that two different deposition techniques give results indicating similar electronic structures.
†Department of Physics and Astronomy, Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
Rebecka
R
Lindblad
‡Department of Chemistry, Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
Dongqin
D
Bi
‡Department of Chemistry, Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
Byung-Wook
BW
Park
†Department of Physics and Astronomy, Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
Johan
J
Oscarsson
§Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
Mihaela
M
Gorgoi
†Department of Physics and Astronomy, Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
Hans
H
Siegbahn
∥Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Michael
M
Odelius
‡Department of Chemistry, Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
Erik M J
EM
Johansson
†Department of Physics and Astronomy, Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
Håkan
H
Rensmo
DFT; HAXPES; XPS; mesoscopic solar cell; photoelectron spectroscopy