Lifestyle and Risk of Hypertension: Follow-Up of a Young Pre-Hypertensive Cohort.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether healthy lifestyle decreases the risk of developing hypertension in pre-hypertensive patients.


METHODS
A longitudinal study.


METHODS
Randomly selected pre-hypertensive young adults 20-45 years old without any vascular disease such as stroke or diabetes.


METHODS
Four lifestyle factors (a body mass index [BMI] of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, regular physical activity, no alcohol use and 6-8 h of sleep per day), individually and in combination.


RESULTS
Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg, or a diastolic BP (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg or self-reported hypertension.


METHODS
Multivariate adjusted Cox proportional hazards.


RESULTS
During a median follow-up of 4.7 years, 1009 patients were enrolled in our study, and 182 patients developed hypertension. Compared with a BMI of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, a BMI of 25-30 kg/m2 and a BMI of >30 kg/m2 were associated with an increased risk of hypertension occurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 1.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-2.84 and HR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.01-6.80, respectively). Compared with sleep duration of >8 h/day, 6-8 h/day of sleep was associated with a lower risk of hypertension occurrence (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.18-0.86). There were no statistically significant associations between physical activity or alcohol use and hypertension occurrence (P>0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
All lifestyle factors were measured only once.


CONCLUSIONS
Healthy BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)) and sleep duration (6-8 h/day) were associated with a lower risk of the occurrence of hypertension in pre-hypertension patients.
1. Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Yao
Y
Lu
2. School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA.
Minggen
M
Lu
1. Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Haijiang
H
Dai
3. Health Management Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Pinting
P
Yang
2. School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA.
Julie
J
Smith-Gagen
1. Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Rujia
R
Miao
1. Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Hua
H
Zhong
1. Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Ruifang
R
Chen
1. Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Xing
X
Liu
1. Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Zhijun
Z
Huang
1. Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Hong
H
Yuan
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
Alcohol; BMI; Hypertension; Physical activity; Pre-hypertension; Sleep duration