Histological characteristics following a long-term nitrate-rich diet in miniature pigs with parotid atrophy.
The aim of this study was to investigate the histological characteristics following a 2-year nitrate-rich diet in miniature pigs with parotid atrophy. Using averages collected data from three time points at 6, 12, and 24 months following the induction of parotid gland atrophy, salivary nitrate levels of the nitrate-diet parotid-atrophied group (17.3 ± 3.9 ng/µl) were close to those of the control group (19.6 ± 5.1 ng/µl). Compared to the control group, the nitrate-diet group had significantly higher nitrate levels in blood (P < 0.05) and urine (P < 0.001). Histological and electron microscopy analyses showed no abnormalities in the organs of experimental or control animals. No significant differences on apoptosis rate were found in liver and kidney tissues between the standard- and nitrate-diet groups. Therefore, dietary nitrate supplementation could restore salivary nitrate levels. High-dose nitrate loading for 2 years had no observed systemic toxicity in miniature pigs with parotid atrophy.
Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology Beijing, China.
Dengsheng
D
Xia
Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology Beijing, China.
Xingmin
X
Qu
Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University Montreal, Canada.
Simon D
SD
Tran
Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University Montreal, Canada.
Laura L
LL
Schmidt
Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology Beijing, China.
Lizheng
L
Qin
Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology Beijing, China.
Chunmei
C
Zhang
Institute for Neuroscience, Capital Medical University Beijing, China.
Xiuyu
X
Cui
Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute Beijing, China.
Dajun
D
Deng
Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology Beijing, China.
Songlin
S
Wang
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001284:Atrophy; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009566:Nitrates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D010305:Parotid Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature
D009566:Nitrates
Nitrate supplementation; histology; oral cavity; parotid atrophy; safety