Tungsten Oxides for Photocatalysis, Electrochemistry, and Phototherapy.
The conversion, storage, and utilization of renewable energy have all become more important than ever before as a response to ever-growing energy and environment concerns. The performance of energy-related technologies strongly relies on the structure and property of the material used. The earth-abundant family of tungsten oxides (WOx ≤3 ) receives considerable attention in photocatalysis, electrochemistry, and phototherapy due to their highly tunable structures and unique physicochemical properties. Great breakthroughs have been made in enhancing the optical absorption, charge separation, redox capability, and electrical conductivity of WOx ≤3 through control of the composition, crystal structure, morphology, and construction of composite structures with other materials, which significantly promotes the efficiency of processes and devices based on this material. Herein, the properties and synthesis of WOx ≤3 family are reviewed, and then their energy-related applications are highlighted, including solar-light-driven water splitting, CO2 reduction, and pollutant removal, electrochromism, supercapacitors, lithium batteries, solar and fuel cells, non-volatile memory devices, gas sensors, and cancer therapy, from the aspect of function-oriented structure design and control.
Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.|Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China.
Zhen-Feng
ZF
Huang
Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.|Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China.
Jiajia
J
Song
Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.|Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China.
Lun
L
Pan
Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.|Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China.
Xiangwen
X
Zhang
Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.|Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China.
Li
L
Wang
Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.|Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China.
Ji-Jun
JJ
Zou
electrochemistry; energy storage and conversion; photocatalysis; phototherapy; tungsten oxide