Nonnutritive Sweeteners in Breast Milk.
Nonnutritive sweeteners (NNS), including saccharin, sucralose, aspartame, and acesulfame-potassium, are commonly consumed in the general population, and all except for saccharin are considered safe for use during pregnancy and lactation. Sucralose (Splenda) currently holds the majority of the NNS market share and is often combined with acesulfame-potassium in a wide variety of foods and beverages. To date, saccharin is the only NNS reported to be found in human breast milk after maternal consumption, while there is no apparent information on the other NNS. Breast milk samples were collected from 20 lactating volunteers, irrespective of their habitual NNS intake. Saccharin, sucralose, and acesulfame-potassium were present in 65% of participants' milk samples, whereas aspartame was not detected. These data indicate that NNS are frequently ingested by nursing infants, and thus prospective clinical studies are necessary to determine whether early NNS exposure via breast milk may have clinical implications.
a Section on Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism , National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland , USA.|b Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences , Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University , Washington , DC , USA.
Allison C
AC
Sylvetsky
a Section on Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism , National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland , USA.
Alexandra L
AL
Gardner
a Section on Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism , National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland , USA.
Viviana
V
Bauman
a Section on Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism , National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland , USA.
Jenny E
JE
Blau
c Clinical Mass Spectrometry Core , National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland , USA.
H Martin
HM
Garraffo
c Clinical Mass Spectrometry Core , National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland , USA.
Peter J
PJ
Walter
a Section on Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism , National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland , USA.
Kristina I
KI
Rother
D001218:Aspartame / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D064306:Non-Nutritive Sweeteners / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012439:Saccharin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D013395:Sucrose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D013843:Thiazines / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
D064306:Non-Nutritive Sweeteners; D013843:Thiazines; D013395:Sucrose; C026285:trichlorosucrose; D012439:Saccharin; C006362:acetosulfame; D001218:Aspartame