Bipolar risk and mental imagery susceptibility in a representative sample of Chinese adults residing in the community.
BACKGROUND
We need to better understand the cognitive factors associated with risk for bipolar disorders. Recent research suggests that increased susceptibility to mental imagery may be one such factor. However, since this research was primarily conducted with Western students and at a single time-point, it is not known whether the relationship between imagery susceptibility and bipolar symptoms exists across cultures or within the general community, or whether this relationship remains stable over time.


OBJECTIVE
This study evaluated whether Chinese adults identified as being at high (HR) versus low (LR) risk of developing bipolar disorders showed greater mental imagery susceptibility. We aimed to test whether such a relationship was stable over time by measuring imagery characteristics at baseline and at the 7-week follow-up.


METHODS
This prospective study recruited a community sample of N = 80 Chinese adults screened for the absence of neurotic and psychotic disorders. The sample was split into HR (n = 18) and LR (n = 62) groups at baseline based on a criterion cut-off score on a measure of hypomania, the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ). Participants completed measures of imagery susceptibility and its impact: the Spontaneous Use of Imagery Scale (SUIS) and the Impact of Future Events Scale (IFES), at baseline and 7 weeks later.


RESULTS
HR group reported greater tendency to use imagery in daily life (SUIS) and greater emotional impact of prospective imagery (IFES) than LR group at baseline. These results remained stable at follow-up.


CONCLUSIONS
This study provides preliminary evidence for increased susceptibility to mental imagery in individuals at high risk of bipolar disorders recruited from a community sample of Chinese adults. This extends previous research in Western student samples suggesting that imagery (both levels of use and its emotional impact) may be a cognitive factor with cross-cultural relevance that is stable over time.
Department of Psychiatry, Kowloon Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong ngmk@ha.org.hk.
Roger Man-kin
RM
Ng
School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Department of Experimental Psychology and Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Stephanie Burnett
SB
Heyes
Oxford Cognitive Therapy Centre, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK.
Freda
F
McManus
Oxford Cognitive Therapy Centre, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK.
Helen
H
Kennerley
MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK Department for Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Emily A
EA
Holmes
D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D057189:Checklist; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination; D057187:Independent Living; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics
Chinese adults; Hong Kong; Mental imagery; bipolar disorders; hypomania