Development of the Perinatal Depression Inventory (PDI)-14 using item response theory: a comparison of the BDI-II, EPDS, PDI, and PHQ-9.
The objective of this study is to develop a simple, brief, self-report perinatal depression inventory that accurately measures severity in a number of populations. Our team developed 159 Likert-scale perinatal depression items using simple sentences with a fifth-grade reading level. Based on iterative cognitive interviewing (CI), an expert panel improved and winnowed the item pool based on pre-determined criteria. The resulting 67 items were administered to a sample of 628 pregnant and 251 postpartum women with different levels of depression at private and public sector obstetrics clinics, together with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Edinburg Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), as well as Module A of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Diagnoses (SCID). Responses were evaluated using Item Response Theory (IRT). The Perinatal Depression Inventory (PDI)-14 items are highly informative regarding depression severity and function similarly and informatively across pregnant/postpartum, white/non-white, and private-clinic/public-clinic populations. PDI-14 scores correlate well with the PHQ-9, EPDS, and BDI-II, but the PDI-14 provides a more precise measure of severity using far fewer words. The PDI-14 is a brief depression assessment that excels at accurately measuring depression severity across a wide range of severity and perinatal populations.
TeleSage, Inc., 201 E. Rosemary St., Chapel Hill, NC, 27510, USA. bb@telesage.com.
Benjamin B
BB
Brodey
Emory University, PAIS Building, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
Sherryl H
SH
Goodman
SAS Institute Inc., 100 SAS Campus Drive, Cary, NC, 27513-2414, USA.
Ruth E
RE
Baldasaro
Mental Health Partners, 1333 Iris Ave., Boulder, CO, 80304-2226, USA.
Amy
A
Brooks-DeWeese
NetSmart Technologies, Inc., 4950 College Boulevard, Overland Park, KS, 66211, USA.
Melanie Elliott
ME
Wilson
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Greenlaw 211, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
Inger S B
IS
Brodey
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma-Tulsa, 4444 E. 41st Street, Tulsa, OK, 74135, USA.
Nora M
NM
Doyle
D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000523:psychology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
Depression; IRT; PDI-14; Perinatal; Postpartum