All physical activity may not be associated with a lower likelihood of adolescent smoking uptake.
OBJECTIVE
Research has documented that physical activity is associated with a lower risk of adolescent smoking uptake, yet it is unclear whether this relationship exists for all types of physical activity. We sought to determine whether certain types of physical activity are associated with a decreased or an increased risk of adolescent smoking uptake.


METHODS
In this longitudinal cohort study, adolescents (n=1356) were surveyed every six months for four years (age 14-18years old). Smoking and physical activity were measured at each of the eight time-points. Physical activity that was negatively associated with smoking across the eight waves was considered positive physical activities (i.e., PPA; linked to not smoking such as racquet sports, running, and swimming laps). Physical activity that was positively associated with smoking across the eight waves were considered negative physical activities (i.e., NPA; linked to smoking such as skating, walking, bicycling, sport fighting, and competitive wrestling).


RESULTS
Associative Processes Latent Growth Curve Modeling revealed that each 30-minute increase in NPA per week at baseline was associated with a 4-fold increased odds of smoking progression (OR=4.10, 95% CI=2.14, 7.83). By contrast, each 30-minute increase in PPA at baseline was associated with a 51% decrease in the odds of smoking progression (OR=.49, 95% CI=.25, .93).


CONCLUSIONS
The type of physical activity that an adolescent engages appears to be important for the uptake of cigarette smoking among adolescents. These associative relationships warrant consideration in interventions to increase overall physical activity and those promoting physical activity to prevent smoking uptake.
Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States. Electronic address: audrain@mail.med.upenn.edu.
Janet
J
Audrain-McGovern
School of Nursing and Health Sciences, LaSalle University, United States.
Daniel
D
Rodriguez
D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D015143:Philadelphia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D013177:Sports / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
Adolescent; Physical activity; Smoking