The biocompatibility of carbon hydroxyapatite/β-glucan composite for bone tissue engineering studied with Raman and FTIR spectroscopic imaging.
The spectroscopic approaches of FTIR imaging and Raman mapping were applied to the characterisation of a new carbon hydroxyapatite/β-glucan composite developed for bone tissue engineering. The composite is an artificial bone material with an apatite-forming ability for the bone repair process. Rabbit bone samples were tested with an implanted bioactive material for a period of several months. Using spectroscopic and chemometric methods, we were able to determine the presence of amides and phosphates and the distribution of lipid-rich domains in the bone tissue, providing an assessment of the composite's bioactivity. Samples were also imaged in transmission using an infrared microscope combined with a focal plane array detector. CaF2 lenses were also used on the infrared microscope to improve spectral quality by reducing scattering artefacts, improving chemometric analysis. The presence of collagen and lipids at the bone/composite interface confirmed biocompatibility and demonstrate the suitability of FTIR microscopic imaging with lenses in studying these samples. It confirmed that the composite is a very good background for collagen growth and increases collagen maturity with the time of the bone growth process. The results indicate the bioactive and biocompatible properties of this composite and demonstrate how Raman and FTIR spectroscopic imaging have been used as an effective tool for tissue characterisation.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. annasroka@tlen.pl.
Anna
A
Sroka-Bartnicka
Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
James A
JA
Kimber
Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
Leszek
L
Borkowski
Department of Animal Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
Marta
M
Pawlowska
Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
Izabela
I
Polkowska
Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
Grzegorz
G
Kalisz
Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
Anna
A
Belcarz
Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
Krzysztof
K
Jozwiak
Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
Grazyna
G
Ginalska
Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. s.kazarian@imperial.ac.uk.
Sergei G
SG
Kazarian
D000818:Animals; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000737:chemistry*
D018786:Bone Substitutes; D047071:beta-Glucans; D017886:Durapatite
Biomaterials; Bone tissue engineering; Hydroxyapatite composite; IR spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy