A case of indeterminate dendritic cell tumor presenting with leonine facies.
BACKGROUND
Indeterminate dendritic cell tumor is an extremely rare neoplastic proliferation of dendritic cells that share immunophenotypic features of Langerhans cells and macrophages but lack Birbeck granules and Langerin expression.


METHODS
We report a 55-year-old female presenting with a leonine facies and generalized multiple confluent papules, nodules and plaques on neck, upper trunk, arms and thighs. Laboratory evaluations were performed including skin biopsies, peripheral blood flow cytometry and positron emission tomography-computed tomography.


RESULTS
The lesional skin biopsy showed a dense dermal and perifollicular infiltrate composed of histiocytoid cells with nuclear grooves lacking dendritic processes in a background of lymphocytes. Eosinophils were absent. The histiocytoid cells were CD68+CD1a+Langerin- and only focally S100+. Special stains including GMS, Gram and Fite were all negative for infectious organisms. Although an initial diagnosis suggesting Langerhans cell histiocytosis was proposed due to CD1a positivity, a diagnosis of indeterminate dendritic cell tumor was finally rendered based on the histopathological findings and the lack of expression of Langerin.


CONCLUSIONS
This case illustrates the variegated clinical presentation of indeterminate cell tumor and the necessity of appropriate immunohistochemical workup for its diagnosis.
Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Chee Won
CW
Oh
Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.|Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Doina
D
Ivan
Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.|Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Jonathan L
JL
Curry
Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Rachel
R
Ellis
Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
Howard
H
Gerber
Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Madeleine
M
Duvic
Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.|Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Carlos
C
Torres-Cabala
D020405:Dermis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006644:Histiocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007801:Langerhans Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
Langerhans cells; dermatopathology; indeterminate cell; indeterminate dendritic cell tumor; leonine facies