Nanobiotechnology Perspectives on Prevention and Treatment of Ortho-paedic Implant Associated Infection.
Implants are an inevitable part of orthopaedic surgery. However, implant associated infection remains a major challenge for orthopaedic surgeons and researchers. This review focuses on current options available for prevention of implant associated infection, their drawbacks and future promising applications of nanotechnology-based approaches. Nanobiotechnology has shown remarkable progress in recent years especially in biomaterials, diagnostics, and drug delivery system. Although several applications of nanobiotechnology in orthopaedics have been described, few have elaborated their role in the prevention of implant related infection in orthopaedics. Novel "smart" drug delivery systems that release antibiotics locally in response to stimuli such as pH, temperature, enzymes or antigens; implant surface modification on a nanoscale to inhibit bacterial adhesion and propagation at the surgical site and biological approaches such as gene therapy to neutralize bacterial virulence and biomolecules to inhibit the quorum sensing adhesion of bacteria and disruption of biofilms can be used effectively to prevent orthopaedic implant related bacterial infection.
Vivek
V
Borse
Vaishali
V
Pawar
Gautam
G
Shetty
Arun
A
Mullaji
Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, P.O. Box: 400076, Mumbai, India. rsrivasta@iitb.ac.in.
Rohit
R
Srivastava
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018441:Biofilms; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000639:trends*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013499:Surface Properties
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials