Long-term evaluation of the antimicrobial susceptibility and microbial profile of subgingival biofilms in individuals with aggressive periodontitis.
This study evaluates the antimicrobial susceptibility and composition of subgingival biofilms in generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) patients treated using mechanical/antimicrobial therapies, including chlorhexidine (CHX), amoxicillin (AMX) and metronidazole (MET). GAP patients allocated to the placebo (C, n = 15) or test group (T, n = 16) received full-mouth disinfection with CHX, scaling and root planning, and systemic AMX (500 mg)/MET (250 mg) or placebos. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-therapy from 3-4 periodontal pockets, and the samples were pooled and cultivated under anaerobic conditions. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of AMX, MET and CHX were assessed using the microdilution method. Bacterial species present in the cultivated biofilm were identified by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. At baseline, no differences in the MICs between groups were observed for the 3 antimicrobials. In the T group, significant increases in the MICs of CHX (p < 0.05) and AMX (p < 0.01) were detected during the first 3 months; however, the MIC of MET decreased at 12 months (p < 0.05). For several species, the MICs significantly changed over time in both groups, i.e., Streptococci MICs tended to increase, while for several periodontal pathogens, the MICs diminished. A transitory increase in the MIC of the subgingival biofilm to AMX and CHX was observed in GAP patients treated using enhanced mechanical therapy with topical CHX and systemic AMX/MET. Both protocols presented limited effects on the cultivable subgingival microbiota.
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Talita Gomes Baêta
TG
Lourenço
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Clínica Dentária, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Departamento de Clínica Dentária, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ; Boston University, Oral Biology Departament, Goldman School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, Oral Biology Departament, Goldman School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Débora
D
Heller
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Renata Martins
RM
do Souto
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Clínica Dentária, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Departamento de Clínica Dentária, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Mayra Xavier E
MX
Silva-Senem
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Clínica Dentária, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Departamento de Clínica Dentária, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Victor Macedo
VM
Varela
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Clínica Dentária, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Departamento de Clínica Dentária, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Maria Cynesia Barros
MC
Torres
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Clínica Dentária, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Departamento de Clínica Dentária, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Eduardo Jorge
EJ
Feres-Filho
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Clínica Dentária, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Departamento de Clínica Dentária, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Ana Paula Vieira
AP
Colombo
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D010520:Aggressive Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010919:Placebos / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D010919:Placebos; D008795:Metronidazole; D000658:Amoxicillin; D002710:Chlorhexidine
DNA probes; aggressive periodontitis; biofilms; microbial sensitivity tests