A High-Voltage and Ultralong-Life Sodium Full Cell for Stationary Energy Storage.
Recently, there has been great interest in developing advanced sodium-ion batteries for large-scale application. Most efforts have concentrated on the search for high-performance electrode materials only in sodium half-cells. Research on sodium full cells for practical application has encountered many problems, such as insufficient cycles with rapid capacity decay, low safety, and low operating voltage. Herein, we present a layered P2-Na0.66 Ni0.17 Co0.17 Ti0.66 O2 , as both an anode (ca. 0.69 V versus Na(+) /Na) and as a high-voltage cathode (ca. 3.74 V versus Na(+) /Na). The full cell based on this bipolar electrode exhibits well-defined voltage plateaus near 3.10 V, which is the highest average voltage in the symmetric cells. It also shows the longest cycle life (75.9 % capacity retention after 1000 cycles) in all sodium full cells, a usable capacity of 92 mAh g(-1) , and superior rate capability (65 mAh g(-1) at a high rate of 2C).
Energy Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8568 (Japan).|Graduate School of System and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8573 (Japan).
Shaohua
S
Guo
WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan).
Pan
P
Liu
Energy Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8568 (Japan).
Yang
Y
Sun
Energy Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8568 (Japan).
Kai
K
Zhu
Energy Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8568 (Japan).
Jin
J
Yi
WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan).
Mingwei
M
Chen
Graduate School of System and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8573 (Japan).
Masayoshi
M
Ishida
Energy Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8568 (Japan). hs.zhou@aist.go.jp, hszhou@njedu.cn.|Graduate School of System and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8573 (Japan). hs.zhou@aist.go.jp, hszhou@njedu.cn.|National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China). hs.zhou@aist.go.jp, hszhou@njedu.cn.
Haoshen
H
Zhou
batteries; electrochemistry; sodium; stationary energy storage; ultralong cycle life