Recovery of Drug Delivery Nanoparticles from Human Plasma Using an Electrokinetic Platform Technology.
The effect of complex biological fluids on the surface and structure of nanoparticles is a rapidly expanding field of study. One of the challenges holding back this research is the difficulty of recovering therapeutic nanoparticles from biological samples due to their small size, low density, and stealth surface coatings. Here, the first demonstration of the recovery and analysis of drug delivery nanoparticles from undiluted human plasma samples through the use of a new electrokinetic platform technology is presented. The particles are recovered from plasma through a dielectrophoresis separation force that is created by innate differences in the dielectric properties between the unaltered nanoparticles and the surrounding plasma. It is shown that this can be applied to a wide range of drug delivery nanoparticles of different morphologies and materials, including low-density nanoliposomes. These recovered particles can then be analyzed using different methods including scanning electron microscopy to monitor surface and structural changes that result from plasma exposure. This new recovery technique can be broadly applied to the recovery of nanoparticles from high conductance fluids in a wide range of applications.
Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Stuart
S
Ibsen
Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. MC 0412, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0412, USA.
Avery
A
Sonnenberg
Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. MC 0412, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0412, USA.
Carolyn
C
Schutt
Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Rajesh
R
Mukthavaram
Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. MC 0412, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0412, USA.
Yasan
Y
Yeh
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Inanc
I
Ortac
Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Sareh
S
Manouchehri
Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Santosh
S
Kesari
Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Sadik
S
Esener
Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Michael J
MJ
Heller
D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D004586:Electrophoresis; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D044085:Microfluidics; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010949:Plasma / Q000737:chemistry*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
D012822:Silicon Dioxide
dielectrophoresis; drug delivery nanoparticles; nanoparticle surfaces; plasma; recovery