Activity-Stability Trends for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction on Monometallic Oxides in Acidic Environments.
In the present study, we used a surface-science approach to establish a functional link between activity and stability of monometallic oxides during the OER in acidic media. We found that the most active oxides (Au ≪ Pt < Ir < Ru ≪ Os) are, in fact, the least stable (Au ≫ Pt > Ir > Ru ≫ Os) materials. We suggest that the relationships between stability and activity are controlled by both the nobility of oxides as well as by the density of surface defects. This functionality is governed by the nature of metal cations and the potential transformation of a stable metal cation with a valence state of n = +4 to unstable metal cation with n > +4. A practical consequence of such a close relationship between activity and stability is that the best materials for the OER should balance stability and activity in such a way that the dissolution rate is neither too fast nor too slow.
†Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Ave, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.
Nemanja
N
Danilovic
†Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Ave, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.
Ramachandran
R
Subbaraman
†Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Ave, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.
Kee-Chul
KC
Chang
†Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Ave, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.
Seo Hyoung
SH
Chang
†Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Ave, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.
Yijin J
YJ
Kang
†Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Ave, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.
Joshua
J
Snyder
†Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Ave, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.
Arvydas P
AP
Paulikas
†Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Ave, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.
Dusan
D
Strmcnik
‡Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea.
Yong-Tae
YT
Kim
§Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Ave, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.
Deborah
D
Myers
†Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Ave, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.
Vojislav R
VR
Stamenkovic
†Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Ave, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.
Nenad M
NM
Markovic
Electrochemistry; Oxygen evolution reaction; monometallic oxides