Time-course effects of aerobic exercise training on cardiovascular and renal parameters in 2K1C renovascular hypertensive rats.
Exercise training (Ex) has been recommended for its beneficial effects in hypertensive states. The present study evaluated the time-course effects of Ex without workload on mean arterial pressure (MAP), reflex bradycardia, cardiac and renal histology, and oxidative stress in two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats. Male Fischer rats (10 weeks old; 150-180 g) underwent surgery (2K1C or SHAM) and were subsequently divided into a sedentary (SED) group and Ex group (swimming 1 h/day, 5 days/week for 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks). Until week 4, Ex decreased MAP, increased reflex bradycardia, prevented concentric hypertrophy, reduced collagen deposition in the myocardium and kidneys, decreased the level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in the left ventricle, and increased the catalase (CAT) activity in the left ventricle and both kidneys. From week 6 to week 10, however, MAP and reflex bradycardia in 2K1C Ex rats became similar to those in 2K1C SED rats. Ex effectively reduced heart rate and prevented collagen deposition in the heart and both kidneys up to week 10, and restored the level of TBARS in the left ventricle and clipped kidney and the CAT activity in both kidneys until week 8. Ex without workload for 10 weeks in 2K1C rats provided distinct beneficial effects. The early effects of Ex on cardiovascular function included reversing MAP and reflex bradycardia. The later effects of Ex included preventing structural alterations in the heart and kidney by decreasing oxidative stress and reducing injuries in these organs during hypertension.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.
R C A
RC
Maia
Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.
L E
LE
Sousa
Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
R A S
RA
Santos
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.
M E
ME
Silva
Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.
W G
WG
Lima
Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
M J
MJ
Campagnole-Santos
Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.
A C
AC
Alzamora
D000818:Animals; D062186:Arterial Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D017704:Baroreflex / Q000502:physiology; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006978:Hypertension, Renovascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000601:surgery; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D019738:Surgically-Created Structures; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors
D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D002374:Catalase