Increased Dietary Salt Intake Does Not Influence Influenza A Virus-Induced Disease Severity in Mice.
Influenza viruses are pathogens of significant public health importance. The influence of nutritional status on severity of disease has become increasingly recognized. In particular, high dietary salt intake has been linked to cardiovascular disease, but the effects on infectious diseases have not been studied. This study investigated the impact on influenza-induced morbidity and mortality in mice fed isocaloric diets containing 10-fold increments of sodium by altering the salt levels. Following infection, despite higher levels of IFN-gamma cytokine in the lung as well as virus-neutralizing antibody in the serum of mice fed the lowest salt level, the amounts of dietary salt intake had no substantial impact on the disease severity or the ability to respond immunologically to the infection.
1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .
Samuel
S
Amoah
1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .
Weiping
W
Cao
1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .
Priya
P
Ranjan
2 Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .
Patricia
P
Greer
2 Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .
Wun-Ju
WJ
Shieh
2 Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .
Sherif R
SR
Zaki
1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .
Jacqueline M
JM
Katz
1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .
Suryaprakash
S
Sambhara
1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .
Shivaprakash
S
Gangappa
D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D012492:Salts / Q000378:metabolism*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis
D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D012492:Salts; D007371:Interferon-gamma