In vitro activity of essential oils extracted from condiments against fluconazole-resistant and -sensitive Candida glabrata.
In the present study, the antifungal activity of essential oils obtained from Origanum vulgare (oregano), Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon), Lippia graveolens (Mexican oregano), Thymus vulgaris (thyme), Salvia officinalis (sage), Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary), Ocimum basilicum (basil) and Zingiber officinale (ginger) were assessed against Candida glabrata isolates. One group contained 30 fluconazole-susceptible C. glabrata isolates, and the second group contained fluconazole-resistant isolates derived from the first group after the in vitro induction of fluconazole-resistance, for a total of 60 tested isolates. The broth microdilution methodology was used. Concentrations of 50μg/mL, 100μg/mL, 200μg/mL, 400μg/mL, 800μg/mL, 1600μg/mL and 3200μg/mL of the essential oils were used, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined. Thyme, sage, rosemary, basil and ginger essential oils showed no antifungal activity at the tested concentrations. Antimicrobial activity less than or equal to 3200μg/mL was observed for oregano, Mexican oregano and cinnamon essential oils. Both the oregano and Mexican oregano essential oils showed high levels of antifungal activity against the fluconazole-susceptible C. glabrata group, whereas the cinnamon essential oil showed the best antifungal activity against the fluconazole-resistant C. glabrata isolates.
Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: isaurahs@hotmail.com.
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Soares
Pharmacology Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: erico.loreto@gmail.com.
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Loreto
Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: luana.farma@hotmail.com.
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Rossato
Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Meridional Faculty, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: debora_alves6@hotmail.com.
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Mario
Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: tarcieliventurini@gmail.com.
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Venturini
Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Baldissera
Pharmacology Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: janio.santurio@gmail.com.
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Santurio
Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: sydneyalves.ufsm@gmail.com.
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Alves
D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D041221:Candida glabrata / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D003212:Condiments; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000187:drug effects; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology
D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils; D015725:Fluconazole
Activité antifongique; Antifungal activity; Candida glabrata; Essential oil; Huile essentielle