Feasibility and safety of radical cystectomy under combined spinal and epidural anesthesia in octogenarian patients with ASA score ≥3: A case series.
BACKGROUND
This study evaluated the feasibility and safety of open radical cystectomy (RC) under combined regional anesthesia (CRA) in high-risk octogenarian patients.


METHODS
We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of high-risk, octogenarian bladder cancer patients submitted to open RC with CRA. Demographic and clinical data, intraoperative parameters and perioperative and postoperative complications were recorded using the Clavien-Dindo classification.


RESULTS
In total, 14 male and 4 female patients, with a median age of 82.5 years were enrolled. Ureterocutaneostomy was performed in 15 patients and Bricker ileal conduit in the remaining 3. Operative time ranged from 97 to 184 minutes. Five patients were transfused and no major intraoperative complications occurred. Postoperative complications 30 days later included ileus (Grade II) in 3 patients, surgical trauma infection in 1 patient (Grade II), respiratory infection in 2 patients (Grade III), and hydronephrosis with concurrent urinary tract infection in 3 patients (Grade III). No deaths occurred.


CONCLUSIONS
Our study showed that octogenarian, high-risk bladder cancer patients with indications for RC can safely undergo the surgical procedure under CRA, without apparent increase in major complications.
Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Thessaly, Greece;
Vassilios
V
Tzortzis
Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Thessaly, Greece;
Konstantinos
K
Dimitropoulos
Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Thessaly, Greece;
Anastasios
A
Karatzas
Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Thessaly, Greece;
Ioannis
I
Zachos
Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Thessaly, Greece.
Konstantinos
K
Stamoulis
Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Thessaly, Greece;
Michael
M
Melekos
Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Thessaly, Greece;
Stavros
S
Gravas