Subcutaneous Construction of Engineered Adipose Tissue with Fat Lobule-Like Structure Using Injectable Poly-Benzyl-L-Glutamate Microspheres Loaded with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells.
Porous microcarriers were fabricated from synthesized poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) (PBLG) polymer to engineer adipose tissue with lobule-like structure via the injectable approach. The adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) seeded on porous PBLG microcarriers was determined by adipogenic gene expression and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme activity. In vitro adipogenic cultivation was performed for 7 days, and induced hASC/PBLG complex (Adi-ASC/PBLG group) was subcutaneously injected into nude mice. Injections of PBLG microcarriers alone (PBLG group) and non-induced hASC/PBLG complex (ASC/PBLG group) served as controls. Newly formed tissues were harvested after 4 and 8 weeks. Generation of subcutaneous adipose tissue with typical lobule-like structure separated by fibrous septa was observed upon injection of adipogenic-induced hASC/microsphere complex. Adipogenesis significantly increased in the Adi-ASC/PBLG group compared with the control groups. The angiogenesis in the engineered adipose tissue was comparable to that in normal tissue as determined by capillary density and luminal diameter. Cell tracking assay demonstrated that labeled hASCs remained detectable in the neo-generated tissues 8 weeks post-injection using green fluorescence protein-labeled hASCs. These results indicate that adipose tissue with typical lobule-like structure could be engineered using injectable porous PBLG microspheres loaded with adipogenic-induced hASCs.
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Wentao
W
Sun
Department of Polymer Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Jianjun
J
Fang
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Qi
Q
Yong
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
Sufang
S
Li
Department of Hand Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
Qingping
Q
Xie
Department of Polymer Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Jingbo
J
Yin
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Lei
L
Cui
D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002465:Cell Movement; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008863:Microspheres; D011099:Polyglutamic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
C003172:poly-gamma-benzyl-L-glutamate; D011099:Polyglutamic Acid; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; C471850:glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, FAD-dependent