Aflatoxins ingestion and canine mammary tumors: There is an association?
The aim of this study was to determine the presence of mycotoxins on dogs feed and to explore the potential association between mycotoxins exposure and the chance of mamary tumors in a case-control study. The study included 256 female dogs from a hospital population, 85 with mammary tumors (case group) and 171 without mammary tumors (control group). An epidemiological questionnaire was applied to both groups, and the data were analyzed by the EpiInfo statistical package. For the study, 168 samples of the feed offered to dogs were analyzed for the presence of aflatoxins, fumonisins and zearalenone by high-performance liquid chromatography. Mycotoxins were found in 79 samples (100%) in the case group and 87/89 (97.8%) in the control group. Mycotoxins were detected in all types of feed, regardless feed quality. Level of aflatoxin B1 (p = 0.0356, OR = 2.74, 95%, CI 1.13 to 6.60), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) (p = 0.00007, OR = 4.60, 95%, CI = 2.16 to 9.79), and aflatoxin G2 (AFG2) (p = 0.0133, OR = 9.91, 95%, CI 1.21 to 81.15) were statistically higher in case of mammary cancer. In contrast, neutering was a protective factor for mammary cancer (p = 0.0004, OR = 0.32, 95%, CI = 0.17 to 0.60).
Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, 86057-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
M S
MS
Frehse
Department of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil.
M I M
MI
Martins
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil.
E Y S
EY
Ono
Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, 86057-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: ana.bracarense@pq.cnpq.br.
A P F R L
AP
Bracarense
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil.
L Y
LY
Bissoqui
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil.
E M K
EM
Teixeira
Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, 86057-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
N J R
NJ
Santos
Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, 86057-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
R L
RL
Freire
D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination; D037341:Fumonisins / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D006762:Hospitals, Animal; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000662:veterinary; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity
D000348:Aflatoxins; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D037341:Fumonisins; C027955:aflatoxin G1; C029754:aflatoxin G2; D015025:Zearalenone; D016604:Aflatoxin B1
Aflatoxin; Dogs; Fumonisin; Mammary cancer; Risk factors; Zearalenone