Surgical Care of Pediatric Patients in the Humanitarian Setting: The Médecins Sans Frontières Experience, 2012-2013.
OBJECTIVE
Little is known about the scope of practice and outcomes in pediatric surgery performed by humanitarian organizations in resource-poor settings and conflict zones. This study provides the largest report to date detailing such data for a major nongovernmental organization providing humanitarian surgical relief support in these settings.


OBJECTIVE
To characterize pediatric surgical care provision by a major nongovernmental organization in specialized humanitarian settings and conflict zones.


METHODS
A retrospective cohort study was conducted from August 15, 2014, to March 9, 2015, of 59,928 surgical interventions carried out from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2013, by the Médecins Sans Frontières Operational Centre Paris (MSF-OCP) program in 20 locations, including South Sudan, Yemen, Syria, Gaza, Pakistan, Nigeria, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, and the Philippines. Surgical interventions were primarily for general surgical, traumatic, and obstetric emergencies and were categorized by mechanism, type of intervention, American Society of Anesthesia risk classification, and urgency of intervention.


METHODS
Operative indications, type of intervention, and operative case mortality.


RESULTS
Among all age groups, 59,928 surgical interventions were performed in dedicated trauma, obstetric, and reconstructive centers for 2 years. Nearly one-third of interventions (18,040 [30.1%]) involved preteen patients (aged <13 years) and 4571 (7.6%) involved teenaged patients (aged 13-17 years). The proportion of violence-related injuries in the preteen group was significantly lower than in the teenage group (4.8% vs 17.5%; P < .001). Burns (50.1%), other accidental injuries (16.4%), and infections (23.4%) composed the bulk of indications in the preteen group. Interventions in the teenage group were principally caused by trauma-related injuries (burns, 22.9%; traffic accidents, 10.1%; gunshot wounds, 8.0%). Crude perioperative case mortality rates were 0.07% in the preteen group, 0.15% in the teenage group, and 0.22% in the adult group (>17 years) (P = .001). One-third of the cases (33.4%) were deemed urgent, while most of the remaining cases (57.7%) were deemed semielective (surgical intervention to be performed within 48 hours).


CONCLUSIONS
When examining surgical interventions in a population of pediatric patients cared for in the specialized setting of humanitarian aid and conflict zones, burns, other accidental injuries, and infection composed the bulk of indications in the preteen group; interventions in the teenage group were principally caused by trauma-related injuries. Crude perioperative case mortality rates in the preteen group were significantly lower than in the adult group. Further work is needed to examine long-term outcomes of pediatric operations in these settings and to guide context-specific surgical program development.
Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada2Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
Maeve O'Neill
MO
Trudeau
Epicentre, Paris, France.
Emmanuel
E
Baron
Médecins Sans Frontières, Paris, France.
Patrick
P
Hérard
Epicentre, New York, New York.
Amy S
AS
Labar
Médecins Sans Frontières, Paris, France.
Xavier
X
Lassalle
Epicentre, New York, New York.
Carrie Lee
CL
Teicher
Médecins Sans Frontières, New York, New York7Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York8Department of Pediatric Surgery, Women & Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.
David H
DH
Rothstein
D000293:Adolescent; D000533:Altruism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008493:Medical Missions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000401:mortality* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D035862:Vulnerable Populations; D014857:Warfare; D055815:Young Adult