Management of bone metastases in prostate cancer: a review.
OBJECTIVE
Bone metastases in the advanced stages of prostate cancer have a detrimental effect on the quality of life, resulting in skeletal-related events and pain and place a significant burden on healthcare resources. Improvements in prostate cancer treatment have led to a longer survival of patients. Therefore, quality of life is of growing interest and importance. Successful management and prevention of the complications of bone metastasis in those patients remains, however, clinically challenging.


RESULTS
Recently, radium-223 was approved as a treatment for bone metastasis in patients with prostate cancer, joining zoledronic acid, denosumab and other radiopharmaceuticals in the clinical armamentarium. Radium-223 has shown to improve overall survival in patients with bone metastasis.


CONCLUSIONS
This review focuses on the recent landmark studies on zoledronic acid, denosumab and radium-223 for patients with metastatic prostate cancer and gives a comprehensive overview of their mechanism of action, efficacy, dosage and safety profile.
aFaculty of Medicine, University of Montreal bDepartment of Urology, University of Montreal Hospital Center/Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Canada.
Marc
M
Bienz
Fred
F
Saad
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D000069448:Denosumab / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D011788:Quality of Life; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011883:Radium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D007093:Imidazoles; D011868:Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D000069448:Denosumab; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid; C581106:radium Ra 223 dichloride; D011883:Radium