Comparative two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the salivary proteome of children with autism spectrum disorder.
In the last decades, prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been on the rise. However, clear aetiology is still elusive and improvements in early diagnosis are needed. To uncover possible biomarkers present in ASD, we used two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and nanoliquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS), to compare salivary proteome profiling of children with ASD and controls. A total of 889 spots were compared and only those spots with a fold change ≥1.7 and a P-value <0.05 or a fold change of ≥3.0 between ASD cases and controls were analysed by nanoLC-MS/MS. Alpha-amylase, CREB-binding protein, p532, Transferrin, Zn alpha2 glycoprotein, Zymogen granule protein 16, cystatin D and plasminogen were down-regulated in ASD. Increased expression of proto-oncogene Frequently rearranged in advanced T-cell lymphomas 1 (FRAT1), Kinesin family member 14, Integrin alpha6 subunit, growth hormone regulated TBC protein 1, parotid secretory protein, Prolactin-inducible protein precursor, Mucin-16, Ca binding protein migration inhibitory factor-related protein 14 (MRP14) was observed in individuals with ASD. Many of the identified proteins have previously been linked to ASD or were proposed as risk factors of ASD at the genetic level. Some others are involved in pathological pathways implicated in ASD causality such as oxidative stress, lipid and cholesterol metabolism, immune system disturbances and inflammation. These data could contribute to protein signatures for ASD presence, risk and subtypes, and advance understanding of ASD cause as well as provide novel treatment targets for ASD.
Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA.
Armand G
AG
Ngounou Wetie
Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA.
Kelly L
KL
Wormwood
SUNY Plattsburgh Neuropsychology Clinic and Psychoeducation Services, Plattsburgh, NY, USA.|Department of Psychology, SUNY Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY, USA.
Laci
L
Charette
Department of Psychology, SUNY Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY, USA.
Jeanne P
JP
Ryan
Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA.|SUNY Plattsburgh Neuropsychology Clinic and Psychoeducation Services, Plattsburgh, NY, USA.
Alisa G
AG
Woods
Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA.
Costel C
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6402-2311
CC
Darie
D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D006801:Humans; D020543:Proteome; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000032:analysis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D020543:Proteome; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides
2D-PAGE; autism spectrum disorder; early diagnosis; nanoLC-MS/MS