[Elena de Cespedes: The eventful life of a XVI century surgeon].
Throughout the history of surgery there have been exceptional cases of surgeons around the world. One of them is Elena/o of Cespedes. Born as a girl, this hermaphrodite dedicated all his life to acting as a man, doing jobs that were only for men such as a soldier, peasant, and surgeon. She was the first licensed surgeon in Spain and maybe in all Europe. She married a woman and then was tried for sodomy by the Spanish Inquisition commanded by inquisitor Lope de Mendoza. She was founded guilty and punished with 200 lashes and a 10-year service at a hospital, dressed as a woman.
Academia Nacional de Medicina, Academia Mexicana de Cirugía, Unidad de Terapia Intensiva, Médica Sur, México, D.F., México.
Raúl
R
Carrillo Esper
Servicio de Cirugía Plástica y Reconstructiva, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzàlez, México, D.F., México.
Jorge Raúl
JR
Carrillo Córdova
Servicio de Urología, Hospital General de México, Mèxico. D.F., México.
Luis Daniel
LD
Carrillo Córdova
Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, México, D.F., México.
Dulce María
DM
Carrillo Córdova
Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, México, D.F., México.
Carlos Alberto
CA
Carrillo Córdova
D013502:General Surgery / Q000266:history*; D049669:History, 16th Century; D013030:Spain