Retrospective analysis of factors associated with outcome of proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis in 82 horses including Warmblood and Thoroughbred sport horses and Quarter Horses (1992-2014).
BACKGROUND
Outcomes associated with arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint in Quarter Horses used for Western performance activities are well documented but little is known regarding outcomes for other types of horses.


OBJECTIVE
To identify factors associated with outcomes, including breed and activity, after arthrodesis of the PIP joint in Warmbloods, Thoroughbreds and Quarter Horses.


METHODS
Retrospective case series.


METHODS
Surgical case records of 82 Quarter Horses principally engaged in Western performance and Thoroughbred or Warmblood breeds principally engaged in showing, showjumping and dressage, with arthrodesis of the PIP joint were reviewed. Arthrodesis was performed with either 3 transarticular cortex bone screws placed in lag fashion, a dynamic compression plate (DCP) with 2 transarticular cortex bone screws placed in lag fashion, or a locking compression plate (LCP) with 2 transarticular cortex bone screws placed in lag fashion. Demographic data, clinical presentation, radiographic findings, surgical technique, post operative treatment and complications were recorded. Long-term follow-up was obtained for all 82 horses.


RESULTS
Osteoarthritis of the PIP joint was the most common presenting condition requiring arthrodesis, which was performed with either the 3 screw technique (n = 41), DCP fixation (n = 22), or LCP fixation (n = 19). Post operatively, 23/31 (74%) Warmbloods/Thoroughbreds and 44/51 (87%) Quarter Horses achieved successful outcomes. Thirteen of 23 (57%) Warmbloods/Thoroughbreds and 24 of 38 (63%) Quarter Horses, used for athletic performance, returned to successful competition. Within this subgroup of horses engaged in high-level activity, regardless of breed type, horses undergoing hindlimb arthrodesis were significantly more likely to return to successful competition (73%; 33/45) than those with forelimb arthrodesis (25%; 4/16, P = 0.002).


CONCLUSIONS
Arthrodesis of the PIP joint in Warmbloods/Thoroughbreds and Quarter Horses results in a favourable outcome for return to their intended use and athletic competition.
Alamo Pintado Equine Medical Center, Los Olivos, California, USA.
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TD
Herthel
Alamo Pintado Equine Medical Center, Los Olivos, California, USA.
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MC
Rick
Alamo Pintado Equine Medical Center, Los Olivos, California, USA.
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Judy
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
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Cohen
Alamo Pintado Equine Medical Center, Los Olivos, California, USA.
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DJ
Herthel
D000818:Animals; D001174:Arthrodesis / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D006736:Horses; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000662:veterinary; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013177:Sports; D014033:Toe Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
PIP joint; Quarter Horse; Thoroughbred; Warmblood; arthrodesis; horse