Ageing, retirement and changes in vegetable consumption in France: findings from the prospective GAZEL cohort.
The aim of this study was to describe the change in vegetable consumption with ageing and the transition to retirement. Study subjects were the participants of the GAZEL prospective cohort (Gaz and Électricité de France) aged 40-49 years at inclusion in 1989 who retired between 1991 and 2008 (12,942 men and 2739 women). Four FFQ were completed from 1990 to 2009. We used multiple imputation by chained equations in order to avoid dropping incomplete cases. The OR for eating vegetables everyday was estimated as a function of ageing, retirement status and the place of lunch before retirement through generalised estimating equations. Analyses were stratified by sex, and models were adjusted for confounders, including current spousal status. In 1990, 17.7% of men and 31% of women reported eating vegetables daily. The odds of consuming vegetables everyday increased with ageing for both men and women. The usual place of lunch was home for less than half the sample before retirement and for almost every respondent after retirement. For those who changed their place of lunch, the association between being retired and the odds of eating vegetables daily was positive and significant. We found that, in this cohort, vegetable consumption increased with ageing. Retirement had an indirect effect on vegetable consumption mediated by changes in the place of lunch.
1UR1303 ALISS Alimentation et sciences sociales,INRA,65 bd Brandebourg,94205 Ivry sur Seine,France.
Marie
M
Plessz
2Inserm,Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit,UMS 011,12 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier,94800 Villejuif,France.
Alice
A
Guéguen
2Inserm,Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit,UMS 011,12 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier,94800 Villejuif,France.
Marcel
M
Goldberg
2Inserm,Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit,UMS 011,12 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier,94800 Villejuif,France.
Sébastien
S
Czernichow
2Inserm,Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit,UMS 011,12 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier,94800 Villejuif,France.
Marie
M
Zins
D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000208:ethnology; D004034:Diet Surveys; D058620:Elder Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005522:Food Services; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D062409:Lunch; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D000066388:Oil and Gas Industry; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000208:ethnology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012179:Retirement; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D018454:Spouses; D014675:Vegetables; D000078329:Workforce; D017132:Workplace
Ageing; GAZEL Gaz and Électricité de France; GAZEL prospective cohort; Meal place; Multiple imputations; Retirement; Vegetable consumption