Initial dissolution kinetics of cocrystal of carbamazepine with nicotinamide.
OBJECTIVE
Objectives of this study are investigating the initial dissolution kinetics of the cocrystal of carbamazepine (CBZ) with nicotinamide (NIC) and understanding its initial dissolution process.


METHODS
Cocrystal solids of CBZ with NIC were prepared by co-milling and solvent evaporation methods. The formation of cocrystal solid was verified via X-ray diffraction measurement. Dissolution tests of the solids were performed using an original flow cell and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic detector. The spectra monitored in situ were analyzed to determine the dissolved compounds separately using the classical least squares regression method. The initial dissolution profiles were interpreted using simultaneous model of dissolution and phase changes.


RESULTS
In the initial dissolution, CBZ in the cocrystal structure dissolved in water and it was suggested that CBZ reached a metastable intermediate state simultaneously with dissolution. The cocrystal solid prepared by solvent evaporation provided a higher rate constant of the phase change than that prepared by co-milling. Our results thus support the use of evaporation as the method of choice to produce ordered cocrystal structures.


CONCLUSIONS
We suggest that CBZ forms dihydrate during the dissolution process; however, during the initial phase of dissolution, CBZ changes to a metastable intermediate phase.
Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan.
Yusuke
Y
Hattori
Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan.
Maiko
M
Sato
Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan.
Makoto
M
Otsuka
D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000737:chemistry*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D003460:Crystallization; D007700:Kinetics; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D009536:Niacinamide; D002220:Carbamazepine
carbamazepine; classical least squares regression; cocrystal; dissolution kinetics; nicotinamide