Matrix metalloproteases inhibition and biocompatibility of gold and platinum nanoparticles.
Matrix metalloprotease (MMP) inhibitors improve the longevity of dental adhesives/tooth bonds; however, biocompatibility is required for their clinical use. This study evaluated the inhibition of MMPs and toxicity of two gold (AuNPs) and platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) as possible compounds for use in dental adhesives. The MMP assay for studying the interaction of MMPs and nanoparticles (NPs) was evaluated by an MMP assay kit and gelatin zymography. Cultured L929 fibroblast cells or RAW264 macrophages were exposed to NPs. The cellular responses to NPs were examined using cytotoxic (cell viability) and genotoxic assays (comet assay), and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis. The mechanical properties (elastic modulus) of the experimental resin loaded with NPs were examined using thermomechanical analysis. All NPs inhibited MMP activity at relatively low concentrations. The NPs inhibit MMPs by chelating with the Zn(2+) bound in the active sites of MMPs. No cytotoxic and genotoxic effects were found in AuNPs, whereas the PtNPs possessed both adverse effects. In TEM analysis, the NPs were localized mainly in lysosomes without penetration into nuclei. The mechanical properties of the resins increased when AuNPs were added in resins, but not by PtNPs. AuNPs are attractive candidates to inhibit MMPs and improve the mechanical properties of resins without cytotoxic/genotoxic effects to cells, and therefore should be suitable for applications in adhesive resin systems.
Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University, Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Masanori
M
Hashimoto
Miyoshi Oil & Fat Co., Ltd., Research & Development Department, Chemical Division, Horikiri Katsushika-Ku, Tokyo, 124-8510, Japan.
Koji
K
Kawai
Miyoshi Oil & Fat Co., Ltd., Research & Development Department, Chemical Division, Horikiri Katsushika-Ku, Tokyo, 124-8510, Japan.
Hayato
H
Kawakami
Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University, Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Satoshi
S
Imazato
D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D020552:Comet Assay; D055119:Elastic Modulus / Q000187:drug effects; D057075:Enzyme Assays; D006046:Gold / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D010984:Platinum / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D009153:Mutagens; D010984:Platinum; D006046:Gold
Au; MMP; Pt; biocompatibility; nanoparticle