Extension of the celiac intestinal antibody (CIA) pattern through eight antibody assessments in fecal supernatants from patients with celiac disease.
BACKGROUND
Detection of anti-transglutaminase, anti-endomysium and anti-gliadin antibodies is commonly used to screen celiac disease patients. Besides that in serum, these antibodies are detectable in culture supernatants of oral, duodenal and colonic biopsy samples, saliva, gut lavage fluid samples, and fecal supernatants. Our aim was to extend the intestinal antibody pattern in fecal supernatants from patients with celiac disease.


METHODS
The fecal supernatants obtained from 25 celiac disease patients and 12 healthy volunteers were used to determine IgA and IgG1 anti-endomysium by immunofluorescence analysis, IgA and IgG anti-transglutaminase, IgA and IgG anti-deamidated gliadin peptides, IgA/IgG anti-transglutaminase/deamidated gliadin peptides and IgA anti-actin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.


RESULTS
IgA anti-endomysium were found in 11 of 25 (44.0%) celiac disease patients and in none of healthy volunteers (p=0.0066). The levels of IgA anti-transglutaminase, IgA anti-deamidated gliadin peptides, IgA/IgG anti-transglutaminase/deamidated gliadin peptides and IgA anti-actin determined in celiac disease patients were significantly higher (p=0.0005, p=0.0018, p=0.0061 and p=0.0477, respectively) than those measured in healthy volunteers. The ROC curve analysis showed a diagnostic significance in IgA anti-transglutaminase (AUC=0.862, p<0.0001), IgA anti-deamidated gliadin peptides (AUC=0.822, p<0.0001) and IgA/IgG anti-transglutaminase/deamidated gliadin peptides (AUC=0.783, p=0.0003) fecal tests.


CONCLUSIONS
Our data extend the intestinal antibody pattern detectable in fecal supernatants, thus increasing the knowledge in the humoral immunity of celiac disease. Further studies are needed to better evaluate the role of fecal antibody tests in identifying celiac disease patients.
Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: marco.ditola@uniroma1.it.
Marco
M
Di Tola
Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
Mariacatia
M
Marino
Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
Rossella
R
Casale
Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
Valeria
V
Di Battista
Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
Raffaele
R
Borghini
Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
Antonio
A
Picarelli
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D002498:Centrifugation; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005903:Gliadin / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis*; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology
D001323:Autoantibodies; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D005903:Gliadin; D011503:Transglutaminases
Celiac disease; Celiac intestinal antibody pattern; Fecal antibody tests; Fecal supernatants