Determination of TiO2 and AgTiO2 Nanoparticles in Artemia salina: Toxicity, Morphological Changes, Uptake and Depuration.
In this study, aquatic stability and toxic effects of TiO2 and AgTiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were investigated on Artemia salina nauplii. AgTiO2 was found to be more toxic to nauplii compared to TiO2. The mortality rate in nauplii increased significantly with increasing concentrations and duration of exposure. TiO2 eliminations ranged between 27.8% and 96.5% at 50 and 1 mg/L TiO2 exposed to nauplii, respectively. Accumulation and elimination of Ag in AgTiO2 exposed nauplii were similar except at 1 mg/L AgTiO2. When NPs were mixed with water, the hydrodynamic dimensions of NPs significantly increased because of aggregation in saltwater but NP size decreased over time. NPs-exposed nauplii showed changes in eye formation, enlargement of the intestine, malformations in the outer shell and antennae loss were also observed. Since accumulation and toxicity of AgTiO2 NPs was higher than TiO2 alone, inevitably release of AgTiO2 into aqueous environments can cause ecological risks.
Faculty of Art and Sciences, Department of Biology, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu, Turkey.
Yesim
Y
Ozkan
Faculty of Marine Sciences, Department Fisheries Technology Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 61530, Surmene, Trabzon, Turkey. ialtinok@gmail.com.
Ilhan
I
Altinok
Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Hacettepe University, 06000, Ankara, Turkey.
Hasan
H
Ilhan
Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.
Munevver
M
Sokmen
D000818:Animals; D001156:Artemia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D012834:Silver / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D014025:Titanium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*
D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C009495:titanium dioxide; D012834:Silver; D014025:Titanium
AgTiO2; Aquatic crustaceans acute toxicity; Nanotoxicology; TiO2 nanoparticles