Proanthocyanidins Prevent High Glucose-Induced Eye Malformation by Restoring Pax6 Expression in Chick Embryo.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the leading causes of offspring malformations, in which eye malformation is an important disease. It has raised demand for therapy to improve fetal outcomes. In this study, we used chick embryo to establish a GDM model to study the protective effects of proanthocyanidins on eye development. Chick embryos were exposed to high glucose (0.2 mmol/egg) on embryo development day (EDD) 1. Proanthocyanidins (1 and 10 nmol/egg) were injected into the air sac on EDD 0. Results showed that both dosages of proanthocyanidins could prevent the eye malformation and rescue the high glucose-induced oxidative stress significantly, which the similar effects were showed in edaravone. However, proanthocyanidins could not decrease the glucose concentration of embryo eye. Moreover, the key genes regulating eye development, Pax6, was down-regulated by high glucose. Proanthocyanidins could restore the suppressed expression of Pax6. These results indicated proanthocyanidins might be a promising natural agent to prevent high glucose-induced eye malformation by restoring Pax6 expression.
Anti-stress and Health Center, Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. tanruirong@foxmail.com.
Rui-Rong
RR
Tan
Anti-stress and Health Center, Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. zsj19891122@gmail.com.|Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China. zsj19891122@gmail.com.
Shi-Jie
SJ
Zhang
Anti-stress and Health Center, Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. liyifangkele@sina.com.
Yi-Fang
YF
Li
Anti-stress and Health Center, Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. amytsoi@163.com.
Bun
B
Tsoi
Anti-stress and Health Center, Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. 15692001436@163.com.
Wen-Shan
WS
Huang
Guangdong Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Manufacturing Technology, Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong, China. nanyao2000@126.com.
Nan
N
Yao
Anti-stress and Health Center, Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. hongmo12345@163.com.
Mo
M
Hong
Anti-stress and Health Center, Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. kapono@126.com.
Yu-Jia
YJ
Zhai
Anti-stress and Health Center, Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. maozhongfu2006@126.com.
Zhong-Fu
ZF
Mao
Anti-stress and Health Center, Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. tangluping@sina.cn.
Lu-Ping
LP
Tang
Anti-stress and Health Center, Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. hiroshi_kurihara@163.com.
Hiroshi
H
Kurihara
Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China. wangqi@gzucm.edu.cn.
Qi
Q
Wang
Anti-stress and Health Center, Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. rongronghe@jnu.edu.cn.
Rong-Rong
RR
He
D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo; D015536:Down-Regulation; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005123:Eye / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects*; D005947:Glucose / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D038081:Organogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
D005136:Eye Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D005947:Glucose
Pax6; chick embryo; eye malformation; hyperglycemia; oxidative stress; proanthocyanidins