UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based screening and identification of two major bioactive components and their metabolites in normal and CKD rat plasma, urine and feces after oral administration of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch extract.
Rehmannia glutinosa is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in clinical practice to tackle chronic kidney disease for thousands of years. However, the in vivo metabolism of its two major bioactive components (catalpol and acteoside) remains unknown. In this paper, a highly sensitive, rapid and robust ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) with MetaboLynx™ software combined with mass defect filtering (MDF) method was established. This validated analysis method was successfully applied to investigate the in vivo metabolic profiles of R. glutinosa extract in normal and chronic kidney disease (CKD) rats. The results showed that a total of 17 metabolites of two parent compounds in normal rats in vivo were tentatively detected and identified according to the characteristics of their protonated ions and relevant literature. While 11 of the metabolites were observed in the CKD rat samples. These metabolites suggested that catalpol was firstly deglycosylated to its aglycone and subsequently to two main metabolites (M1 and M4) by conjugation and hydrogenation respectively and acteoside was mainly metabolized by O-glucuronide conjugation and O-sulphate conjugation. In conclusion, this study showed an insight into the metabolism of R. glutinosa extract in vivo and the proposed metabolic pathways of bioactive components might play a key role in further pharmacokinetic experiments evaluations.
School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, PR China. Electronic address: taojinhua2000@163.com.
Jin-hua
JH
Tao
Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
Min
M
Zhao
School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, PR China.
Dong-geng
DG
Wang
School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, PR China.
Chi
C
Yang
School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, PR China.
Guang-tong
GT
Chen
School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, PR China.
Xi
X
Zhao
School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, PR China.
Xu-lian
XL
Pu
Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
Shu
S
Jiang
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D032267:Rehmannia / Q000737:chemistry*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine
D010936:Plant Extracts
Acteoside; Catalpol; Metabolites; Rehmannia glutinosa extract; UPLC-Q/TOFMS