Self-perceived stress is associated with adiposity and atherosclerosis. The GEA Study.
BACKGROUND
A growing body of evidence suggests that psychological stress is an independent cardiovascular risk factor. Obesity prevalence shows accelerating trends worldwide, and is known to be associated with a range of comorbidities and survival. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between self-perceived psychological stress with parameters of adiposity, metabolic syndrome, and subclinical atherosclerosis in Mexican participants.


METHODS
Metabolic Syndrome was defined using the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, obesity was defined as BMI >30, subclinical atherosclerosis disease was determined by computed tomography, and carotid intima media thickness was determined by ultrasonography. Self-perceived psychological stress was assessed using a single-item questionnaire.


RESULTS
A total of 1243 control subjects were included in the sample, mean age 54.2 ± 9 years old; the prevalence of chronic self-perceived psychological stress (>5 years) was 10.13 %, female gender (62.7 %), obesity prevalence (48.4 %), and self-reporting sedentary lifestyle (56.3 %). The chronic stressed cohort presented higher subcutaneous abdominal fat content (285 vs 319 cm(2)), and carotid intima media thickness (0.63 vs 0.66 mm; p < 0.01 for both). However, after adjustment for lifestyle/social covariates (Model 1) and biological mediators (Model 2), chronic self-perceived stress was independently associated with obesity in men (OR 2.85, 95 % CI 1.51 - 5.40) and carotid atherosclerosis in women (OR 2.262, 95 % CI 1.47 - 4.67; p < 0.01 for both).


CONCLUSIONS
Our study suggests that self-reported chronic stress is an independent risk factor for obesity in men. In addition, carotid atherosclerosis was also found to be an independent risk factor in women in a Mexican population sample.
Department of Endocrinology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chavez", Juan Badiano No. 1 Col. Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico. janis_boly@hotmail.com.
Janinne
J
Ortega-Montiel
Department of Endocrinology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chavez", Juan Badiano No. 1 Col. Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico. cposadasr@yahoo.com.
Carlos
C
Posadas-Romero
Department of Endocrinology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chavez", Juan Badiano No. 1 Col. Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico. mayte1190@yahoo.com.mx.
Wendy
W
Ocampo-Arcos
Department of Endocrinology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chavez", Juan Badiano No. 1 Col. Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico. aidaxm@yahoo.com.
Aida
A
Medina-Urrutia
Department of Endocrinology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chavez", Juan Badiano No. 1 Col. Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico. gccardosos@yahoo.com.
Guillermo
G
Cardoso-Saldaña
Department of Endocrinology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chavez", Juan Badiano No. 1 Col. Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico. esjoga@yahoo.com.mx.
Esteban
E
Jorge-Galarza
Department of Endocrinology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chavez", Juan Badiano No. 1 Col. Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico. rossy_posadas_s@yahoo.it.
Rosalinda
R
Posadas-Sánchez
D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D012737:Sex Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology*