Rare gastrointestinal lymphomas: The endoscopic investigation.
Gastrointestinal lymphomas represent up to 10% of gastrointestinal malignancies and about one third of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The most prominent histologies are mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. However, the gastrointestinal tract can be the site of rarer lymphoma subtypes as a primary or secondary localization. Due to their rarity and the multifaceted histology, an endoscopic classification has not been validated yet. This review aims to analyze the endoscopic presentation of rare gastrointestinal lymphomas from disease diagnosis to follow-up, according to the involved site and lymphoma subtype. Existing, new and emerging endoscopic technologies have been examined. In particular, we investigated the diagnostic, prognostic and follow-up endoscopic features of T-cell and natural killer lymphomas, lymphomatous polyposis and mantle cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, plasma cell related disease, gastrointestinal lymphomas in immunodeficiency and Hodgkin's lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract. Contrarily to more frequent gastrointestinal lymphomas, data about rare lymphomas are mostly extracted from case series and case reports. Due to the data paucity, a synergism between gastroenterologists and hematologists is required in order to better manage the disease. Indeed, clinical and prognostic features are different from nodal and extranodal or the bone marrow (in case of plasma cell disease) counterpart. Therefore, the approach should be based on the knowledge of the peculiar behavior and natural history of disease.
Calogero Vetro, Alessandra Romano, Concetta Conticello, Annalisa Chiarenza, Paolo Spina, Francesco Di Raimondo, Division of Hematology, A.O. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
Calogero
C
Vetro
Calogero Vetro, Alessandra Romano, Concetta Conticello, Annalisa Chiarenza, Paolo Spina, Francesco Di Raimondo, Division of Hematology, A.O. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
Giacomo
G
Bonanno
Calogero Vetro, Alessandra Romano, Concetta Conticello, Annalisa Chiarenza, Paolo Spina, Francesco Di Raimondo, Division of Hematology, A.O. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
Giorgio
G
Giulietti
Calogero Vetro, Alessandra Romano, Concetta Conticello, Annalisa Chiarenza, Paolo Spina, Francesco Di Raimondo, Division of Hematology, A.O. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
Alessandra
A
Romano
Calogero Vetro, Alessandra Romano, Concetta Conticello, Annalisa Chiarenza, Paolo Spina, Francesco Di Raimondo, Division of Hematology, A.O. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
Concetta
C
Conticello
Calogero Vetro, Alessandra Romano, Concetta Conticello, Annalisa Chiarenza, Paolo Spina, Francesco Di Raimondo, Division of Hematology, A.O. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
Annalisa
A
Chiarenza
Calogero Vetro, Alessandra Romano, Concetta Conticello, Annalisa Chiarenza, Paolo Spina, Francesco Di Raimondo, Division of Hematology, A.O. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
Paolo
P
Spina
Calogero Vetro, Alessandra Romano, Concetta Conticello, Annalisa Chiarenza, Paolo Spina, Francesco Di Raimondo, Division of Hematology, A.O. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
Francesco
F
Coppolino
Calogero Vetro, Alessandra Romano, Concetta Conticello, Annalisa Chiarenza, Paolo Spina, Francesco Di Raimondo, Division of Hematology, A.O. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
Rosario
R
Cunsolo
Calogero Vetro, Alessandra Romano, Concetta Conticello, Annalisa Chiarenza, Paolo Spina, Francesco Di Raimondo, Division of Hematology, A.O. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
Francesco Di
FD
Raimondo
Endoscopy; Endosonography; Intestine; Lymphoma; Stomach