Role of Serum and Glucocorticoid-Inducible Kinase (SGK)-1 in Senescence: A Novel Molecular Target Against Age-Related Diseases.
Senescence is a phenomenon characterized by a progressive decline of body homeostasis. Premature senescence acts when the cellular system is not able to adequately respond to noxious stimuli by synthesis of stressor molecules. Among those, serum-and-glucocorticoidinducible kinase-1 (SGK-1) dramatically increases under typical physiopathological conditions, such as glucocorticoid or mineralcorticoids exposure, inflammation, hyperglycemia, and ischemia. SGK-1 has been implicated in mechanism regulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA damage, which are all leading to a state of accelerating aging. Moreover, SGK-1-sensitive ion channels participate in the regulation of renal Na(+)/K(+) regulation, blood pressure, gastric acid secretion, cardiac action potential, and neuroexcitability. Recently, we demonstrated in endothelial cells as an increase in SGK-1 activity and expression reduces oxidative stress, improves cell survival and restores insulin-mediated nitric oxide production after hyperglycemia. Moreover, we showed as SGK-1 delays the onset of senescence by increasing telomerase activity, significantly decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and by directly interacting with hTERT. Therefore, SGK-1 may represent a specific target to further develop novel therapeutic options against chronic diseases such as diabetes typical of aging. SGK-1 has been also associated with cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular disease, among other age-related diseases. However, to date, the data available on SGK-1 and aging, are sparse, controversial, and only from C. elegans experimental models. In this review we sought to discuss the possible implication of SGK-1 in mechanisms regulating senescence and age-related diseases. Moreover, we aimed to discuss and identify the possible role of SGK-1 as possible molecular target to counteract and prevent aging.
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Lauro
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Pastore
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Capuani
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Pacifici
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Palmirotta
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Abete
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Roselli
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Bellia
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Federici
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Di Daniele
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Sbraccia
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Guadagni
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Lauro
Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy. david.dellamorte@uniroma2.it.
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Della-Morte
D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D019965:Neurocognitive Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099184:Serum-Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinases
D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000099184:Serum-Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinases