Emotional well-being and time pressure.
We propose a conceptual model of how time pressure affects emotional well-being associated with mundane routine activities. A selective review of research in several areas affirms the plausibility of the conceptual model, which posits negative effects on emotional well-being of insufficient time allocated to restorative and other activities instrumental for attaining desirable work, family life, and leisure goals. Previous research also affirms that practicing time management can have indirect positive effects by decreasing time pressure, whereas material wealth can have both negative indirect effects and positive indirect effects by increasing and decreasing time pressure, respectively. Several issues remain to be studied empirically. The conceptual model is a ground for additional, preferably cross-cultural, research.
Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
Tommy
T
Gärling
Department of Psychology, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany.
Kristina
K
Krause
Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
Amelie
A
Gamble
Institute for Housing and Urban Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Terry
T
Hartig
Western life style; emotional well-being; time pressure