Small Sample Research: Considerations Beyond Statistical Power.
Small sample research presents a challenge to current standards of design and analytic approaches and the underlying notions of what constitutes good prevention science. Yet, small sample research is critically important as the research questions posed in small samples often represent serious health concerns in vulnerable and underrepresented populations. This commentary considers the Special Section on small sample research and also highlights additional challenges that arise in small sample research not considered in the Special Section, including generalizability, determining what constitutes knowledge, and ensuring that research designs match community desires. It also points to opportunities afforded by small sample research, such as a focus on and increased understanding of context and the emphasis it may place on alternatives to the randomized clinical trial. The commentary urges the development and adoption of innovative strategies to conduct research with small samples.
National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 6001 Executive Blvd., Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA. ketz@nih.gov.
Kathleen E
KE
Etz
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5635 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA.
Judith A
JA
Arroyo
D006302:Health Services Research; D018401:Sample Size