Synergistic inflammatory effect of PM10 with mycotoxin deoxynivalenol on human lung epithelial cells.
The presence of deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species, has been reported worldwide in food and feedstuffs. Even though oral intake is the main route of exposure, DON inhalation is also of concern in workers and exposed population. Particulate matter (PM) is one of the most important causes of air quality detriment and it induces several adverse health effects. Therefore it is of primary importance to understand possible combined effects of DON and PM. The alveolar type II, A549, and the bronchial epithelial, BEAS-2B, cell lines were exposed for 24 h to different concentrations of DON (10-1000 ng/ml), PM10 (5 μg/cm(2), sampled in summer or winter season), and a combination of these pollutants. Cell death, interleukins release and cell cycle alteration were analysed; protein array technique was also applied to evaluate proteins activation related to MAP-kinases cascade. Our results demonstrate that low doses of PM and DON used alone have scarce toxic effects, while induce cytotoxicity and inflammation when used in combination. This observation outlines the importance of investigation on the combined effects of air pollutants for their possible outcomes on human health.
Polaris Research Centre, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.
Laura
L
Capasso
Polaris Research Centre, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.
Eleonora
E
Longhin
Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 10 20133 Milan, Italy.
Francesca
F
Caloni
Polaris Research Centre, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.
Marina
M
Camatini
ENEA-UTTS/SSPT-MET-INAT, Strada per Crescentino 41, 13040, Saluggia, VC, Italy. Electronic address: maurizio.gualtieri@enea.it.
Maurizio
M
Gualtieri
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D012621:Seasons; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000633:toxicity*
D000393:Air Pollutants; C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D052638:Particulate Matter; D014255:Trichothecenes; C007262:deoxynivalenol
Deoxynivalenol; Human pulmonary cells; Inflammation; In vitro; Particulate matter