Smaller Primary Visual Cortex Is Associated with Stronger, but Less Precise Mental Imagery.
Despite mental imagery's ubiquitous role in human perception, cognition and behavior, one standout question remains unanswered: Why does imagery vary so much from one individual to the next? Here, we used a behavioral paradigm that measures the functional impact of a mental image on subsequent conscious perception and related these measures to the anatomy of the early visual cortex estimated by fMRI retinotopic mapping. We observed a negative relationship between primary visual cortex (V1) surface area and sensory imagery strength, but found positive relationships between V1 and imagery precision (spatial location and orientation). Hence, individuals with a smaller V1 tended to have stronger, but less precise imagery. In addition, subjective vividness of imagery was positively related to prefrontal cortex volume, but unrelated to V1 anatomy. Our findings present the first evidence for the importance of the V1 layout in shaping the strength of human imagination.
School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia Department of Neurophysiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main 60528, Germany Brain Imaging Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60528, Germany.
Johanna
J
Bergmann
Department of Neurophysiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main 60528, Germany Brain Imaging Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60528, Germany Institute of Psychology, Biopsychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44780, Germany.
Erhan
E
Genç
Department of Neurophysiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main 60528, Germany Brain Imaging Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60528, Germany Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück 49076, Germany.
Axel
A
Kohler
Department of Neurophysiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main 60528, Germany Brain Imaging Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60528, Germany Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany Ernst Strüngmann Institute in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt am Main 60528, Germany.
Wolf
W
Singer
School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
Joel
J
Pearson
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
early visual cortex; gray matter surface size; individual differences; primary visual cortex; visual imagery