Effect of High-Calcium Diet on Coronary Artery Disease in Ossabaw Miniature Swine With Metabolic Syndrome.
BACKGROUND
Calcium is a shortfall essential nutrient that has been a mainstay of osteoporosis management. Recent and limited findings have prompted concern about the contribution of calcium supplementation to cardiovascular risk. A proposed mechanism is through the acceleration of coronary artery calcification. Determining causality between calcium intake and coronary artery calcification has been hindered by a lack of sensitive methodology to monitor early vascular calcium accumulation. The primary study aim was to assess the impact of high calcium intake on coronary artery calcification using innovative calcium tracer kinetic modeling in Ossabaw swine with diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Secondary end points (in vitro wire myography, histopathology, intravascular ultrasound) assessed coronary disease.


RESULTS
Pigs (n=24; aged ≈15 months) were fed an atherogenic diet with adequate calcium (0.33% by weight) or high calcium (1.90% from calcium carbonate or dairy) for 6 months. Following 5 months of feeding, all pigs were dosed intravenously with (41)Ca, a rare isotope that can be measured in serum and tissues at a sensitivity of 10(-18) mol/L by accelerator mass spectrometry. Kinetic modeling evaluated early coronary artery calcification using (41)Ca values measured in serial blood samples (collected over 27 days) and coronary artery samples obtained at sacrifice. Serum disappearance of (41)Ca and total coronary artery (41)Ca accumulation did not differ among groups. Secondary end points demonstrated no treatment differences in coronary artery disease or function.


CONCLUSIONS
There was no detectable effect of high calcium diets (from dairy or calcium carbonate) on coronary artery calcium deposition in metabolic syndrome swine.
Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (A.K.P.E., M.E.W., B.R.M., C.M.W.).
Alyssa K
AK
Phillips-Eakley
Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (M.L.M.K.D., M.A., M.S.).
Mikaela L
ML
McKenney-Drake
Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (M.B., S.C.N.) Department of Internal Medicine B, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany (M.B.) German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany (M.B.).
Martin
M
Bahls
Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (M.B., S.C.N.) Department of Kinesiology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA (S.C.N.).
Sean C
SC
Newcomer
Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (J.S.R.).
John S
JS
Radcliffe
Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (A.K.P.E., M.E.W., B.R.M., C.M.W.).
Meryl E
ME
Wastney
Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (W.G.V.A.).
William G
WG
Van Alstine
Purdue Rare Isotope Measurement Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (G.J.).
George
G
Jackson
Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (M.L.M.K.D., M.A., M.S.).
Mouhamad
M
Alloosh
Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (A.K.P.E., M.E.W., B.R.M., C.M.W.).
Berdine R
BR
Martin
Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (M.L.M.K.D., M.A., M.S.).
Michael
M
Sturek
Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (A.K.P.E., M.E.W., B.R.M., C.M.W.).
Connie M
CM
Weaver
D000818:Animals; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D055424:Cardiac-Gated Imaging Techniques; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000633:toxicity; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009213:Myography; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional; D061205:Vascular Calcification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014661:Vasoconstriction; D014664:Vasodilation
D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D002119:Calcium Carbonate
calcium; coronary disease; diet; isotopes; nutrition