[Chronic primary pain disorders in children and adolescents].
OBJECTIVE
Chronic and debilitating pediatric pain has a prevalence of 5% and as such constitutes a considerable health problem. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of current research activities on pediatric pain, available health care for children with chronic pain and education and training programs for health professionals.


METHODS
This overview is based on the authors' personal experience, information available from medical, research and professional associations, as well as a PubMed literature search for the time period 2012-2015 using "children";"pain" and "Germany" as search terms.


RESULTS
There are numerous research activities in Germany focusing on the epidemiology, the underlying psychobiological mechanisms and on the multimodal treatment of chronic pediatric pain. This research is internationally widely acknowledged and makes a significant contribution to current developments in pediatric pain research. By contrast, health services and basic science research is clearly lacking in Germany. Moreover, specialized health care for youth with chronic pain is far less institutionalized when compared to adults suffering from chronic pain. Indeed, primary and secondary care services have rarely been studied or even evaluated.


CONCLUSIONS
Similar to international trends, research on chronic pediatric pain has also grown and advanced in Germany. Indeed, not only the amount of research has increased but also its scope. Nonetheless, there is clearly a need for more research efforts with regard to the understanding of (pediatric) pain mechanisms, clinical studies and, especially, investigations on health care services. It is particularly important to focus on the implementation, improvement and systematic evaluation of specialized health care services which would be available and accessible for children and adolescents with chronic pain and not be restricted to tertiary care.
Deutsches Kinderschmerzzentrum, Vestische Kinder- und Jugendklinik Datteln, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Dr.-Friedrich-Steiner-Str. 5, 45711, Datteln, Deutschland. b.zernikow@kinderklinik-datteln.de.|Kinderschmerztherapie und Pädiatrische Palliativmedizin, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Deutschland. b.zernikow@kinderklinik-datteln.de.
B
B
Zernikow
Klinische Psychologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Deutschland.
C
C
Hermann
D000293:Adolescent; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000639:trends; D002648:Child; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D005858:Germany; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000639:trends; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans
Health services research; Primary care; Research, basic; Secondary care; Tertiary care