Baseline Susceptibility to Pyrethroid and Organophosphate Insecticides in Two Old World Sand Fly Species (Diptera: Psychodidae).
Phlebotomine sand flies are blood-feeding insects that transmit Leishmania parasites that cause various forms of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis and sand fly fever viruses (Phlebovirus; Bunyaviridae) in humans. Sand flies pose a significant threat to US military personnel deployed to Leishmania-endemic and sand fly fever endemic regions which include Europe, the Mediterranean basin, Middle East, Central Asia, Southwest Asia, and Africa. A research project supported by the Department of Defense Deployed Warfighter Protection Program was initiated to evaluate the susceptibility of 2 Old World sand fly species, Phlebotomus papatasi and P duboscqi, to a number of commonly used pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides. A new glass vial bioassay technique based on the CDC bottle assay was developed for this study. The exposure time-mortality relationship at a given insecticide concentration was determined for each insecticide, and their relative toxicity against the 2 sand fly species was ranked based on bioassay results. This study validated the new bioassay technique and also generated baseline insecticide susceptibility data to inform future insecticide resistance monitoring work.
USDA-ARS Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville, MD.
Andrew Y
AY
Li
Adalberto A
AA
Perez de Leon
Kenneth J
KJ
Linthicum
Seth C
SC
Britch
Joshua D
JD
Bast
Mustapha
M
Debboun
D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000187:drug effects*; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D008887:Military Medicine / Q000379:methods; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000633:toxicity; D010691:Phlebotomus / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000633:toxicity; D013997:Time Factors; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
D007306:Insecticides; D010755:Organophosphates; D011722:Pyrethrins