Assessment of the Impact of Potential Tetracycline Exposure on the Phenotype of Aedes aegypti OX513A: Implications for Field Use.
BACKGROUND
Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue fever, a viral disease which has an estimated incidence of 390 million infections annually. Conventional vector control methods have been unable to curb the transmission of the disease. We have previously reported a novel method of vector control using a tetracycline repressible self-limiting strain of Ae. aegypti OX513A which has achieved >90% suppression of wild populations.


RESULTS
We investigated the impact of tetracycline and its analogues on the phenotype of OX513A from the perspective of possible routes and levels of environmental exposure. We determined the minimum concentration of tetracycline and its analogues that will allow an increased survivorship and found these to be greater than the maximum concentration of tetracyclines found in known Ae. aegypti breeding sites and their surrounding areas. Furthermore, we determined that OX513A parents fed tetracycline are unable to pre-load their progeny with sufficient antidote to increase their survivorship. Finally, we studied the changes in concentration of tetracycline in the mass production rearing water of OX513A and the developing insect.


CONCLUSIONS
Together, these studies demonstrate that potential routes of exposure of OX513A individuals to tetracycline and its analogues in the environment are not expected to increase the survivorship of OX513A.
Oxitec Ltd, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom; Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom.
Zoe
Z
Curtis
Oxitec Ltd, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.
Kelly
K
Matzen
Oxitec Ltd, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.
Marco
M
Neira Oviedo
Oxitec Ltd, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.
Derric
D
Nimmo
Oxitec Ltd, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.
Pamela
P
Gray
Oxitec Ltd, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom; Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom.
Peter
P
Winskill
Chemistry Institute, Campinas University (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Redox Consultoria e Remediação Ambiental, Itu, Sao Palo, Brazil.
Marco A F
MA
Locatelli
Chemistry Institute, Campinas University (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Redox Consultoria e Remediação Ambiental, Itu, Sao Palo, Brazil.
Wilson F
WF
Jardim
Oxitec Ltd, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.
Simon
S
Warner
Oxitec Ltd, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom; Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Luke
L
Alphey
Oxitec Ltd, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.
Camilla
C
Beech
D000330:Aedes / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002751:Chlortetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005804:Genes, Lethal; D006579:Heterozygote; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D010118:Oxytetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology; D010641:Phenotype
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004318:Doxycycline; D002751:Chlortetracycline; D010118:Oxytetracycline