How Portuguese and American teachers plan for literacy instruction.
This study explored American and Portuguese elementary teachers' preferences in planning for literacy instruction using the Language Arts Activity Grid (LAAG; Cunningham, Zibulsky, Stanovich, & Stanovich, 2009), on which teachers described their preferred instructional activities for a hypothetical 2-h language arts block. Portuguese teachers (N = 186) completed Portuguese versions of a background questionnaire and LAAG electronically, in Survey Monkey; American teachers (N = 102) completed identical English measures using paper and pencil. Results showed that teachers in both groups usually addressed comprehension and reading fluency on their LAAGs and that they also allocated the most time to these two areas. However, American teachers were more likely to include teacher-directed fluency activities, whereas Portuguese teachers were more likely to include fluency activities that were not teacher directed. Significantly more American than Portuguese teachers addressed phonics in their planning, whereas significantly more Portuguese than American teachers addressed writing processes such as revision. Both groups of educators demonstrated large variability in planning, with many teachers omitting important components of literacy identified by researchers, for writing as well as reading. The study highlights the importance of providing teachers with comprehensive, research-based core literacy curricula as well as professional development on key components of literacy. Study findings also suggest significant relationships between orthographic transparency and teachers' instructional planning.
Department of Special Education and Reading, Southern Connecticut State University, 501 Crescent St., New Haven, CT, 06515, USA. SPEARSWERLL1@southernct.edu.
Louise
L
Spear-Swerling
School of Psychology, Department of Applied Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
Joao
J
Lopes
Lusófona University of Porto, Rua Augusto Rosa, no 24, 4000-098, Porto, Portugal.
Celia
C
Oliveira
Psychology Department, T-WH1-01, Fairleigh Dickinson University, 1000 River Road, Teaneck, NJ, 07666, USA.
Jamie
J
Zibulsky
D000328:Adult; D032882:Comprehension; D003479:Curriculum; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007803:Language Arts; D000067010:Literacy; D008297:Male; D010700:Phonetics; D011174:Portugal; D000070777:School Teachers; D000070260:Teacher Training; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
Cross-linguistic; Reading; Teacher beliefs; Teacher education; Teacher knowledge; Writing