Variation in interferon sensitivity and induction between Usutu and West Nile (lineages 1 and 2) viruses.
Given the pivotal role of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) in determining the magnitude of the antiviral innate immune response, we sought to determine whether Usutu virus (USUV) and West Nile virus (WNV) lineages (L)1 and L2 can infect DCs and affect the rate of type I interferon (IFN) activation. The sensitivity of these viruses to types I and III IFNs was also compared. We found that USUV can infect DCs, induce higher antiviral activities, IFN alpha subtypes and the IFN stimulated gene (ISG)15 pathway, and is more sensitive to types I and III IFNs than WNVs. In contrast, we confirmed that IFN alpha/beta subtypes were more effective against WNV L2 than WNV L1. However, the replication kinetics, induction of IFN alpha subtypes and ISGs in DCs and the sensitivity to IFN lambda 1-3 did not differ between WNV L1 and L2.
Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Viale di Porta Tiburtina 28, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Giulia
G
Cacciotti
Parasitology Unit, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Beniamino
B
Caputo
Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Viale di Porta Tiburtina 28, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Carla
C
Selvaggi
Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.
Andrea
A
la Sala
Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.
Laura
L
Vitiello
Unité d'entomologie médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Senegal.
Diawo
D
Diallo
Vector-Borne Infections and Medical Entomology Laboratory, "Cantacuzino" National Institute of Research-Development for Microbiology and Immunology, 103 Splaiul Independenţei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania.
Cornelia
C
Ceianu
Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Viale di Porta Tiburtina 28, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Guido
G
Antonelli
Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman.
Norbert
N
Nowotny
Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Viale di Porta Tiburtina 28, 00185 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: carolina.scagnolari@uniroma1.it.
Carolina
C
Scagnolari
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D018349:Encephalitis Viruses, Japanese / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013045:Species Specificity; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D019562:Viral Load / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D016207:Cytokines; C402395:HERC5 protein, human; C484290:IFIT1 protein, human; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014452:Ubiquitins; C074034:ISG15 protein, human; D016899:Interferon-beta
IFN; Interferon; Monocyte-derived dendritic cells; USUV; Usutu virus; WNV; West Nile virus