High dietary protein decreases fat deposition induced by high-fat and high-sucrose diet in rats.
High-protein diets are known to reduce adiposity in the context of high carbohydrate and Western diets. However, few studies have investigated the specific high-protein effect on lipogenesis induced by a high-sucrose (HS) diet or fat deposition induced by high-fat feeding. We aimed to determine the effects of high protein intake on the development of fat deposition and partitioning in response to high-fat and/or HS feeding. A total of thirty adult male Wistar rats were assigned to one of the six dietary regimens with low and high protein, sucrose and fat contents for 5 weeks. Body weight (BW) and food intake were measured weekly. Oral glucose tolerance tests and meal tolerance tests were performed after 4th and 5th weeks of the regimen, respectively. At the end of the study, the rats were killed 2 h after ingestion of a calibrated meal. Blood, tissues and organs were collected for analysis of circulating metabolites and hormones, body composition and mRNA expression in the liver and adipose tissues. No changes were observed in cumulative energy intake and BW gain after 5 weeks of dietary treatment. However, high-protein diets reduced by 20 % the adiposity gain induced by HS and high-sucrose high-fat (HS-HF) diets. Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). Moreover, ketogenesis, as indicated by plasma β-hydroxybutyrate levels, was higher in HS-HF-fed mice that were also fed high protein levels. Taken together, these results suggest that high-protein diets may reduce adiposity by inhibiting lipogenesis and stimulating ketogenesis in the liver.
1INRA,CRNH-IdF,UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior,Paris F-75005,France.
Catherine
C
Chaumontet
1INRA,CRNH-IdF,UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior,Paris F-75005,France.
Patrick C
PC
Even
3Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group,Division of Human Nutrition,Wageningen University,6703 HD Wageningen,The Netherlands.
Jessica
J
Schwarz
1INRA,CRNH-IdF,UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior,Paris F-75005,France.
Angélique
A
Simonin-Foucault
1INRA,CRNH-IdF,UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior,Paris F-75005,France.
Julien
J
Piedcoq
1INRA,CRNH-IdF,UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior,Paris F-75005,France.
Gilles
G
Fromentin
1INRA,CRNH-IdF,UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior,Paris F-75005,France.
Dalila
D
Azzout-Marniche
1INRA,CRNH-IdF,UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior,Paris F-75005,France.
Daniel
D
Tomé
D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000097:blood; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D050154:Adiposity; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition; D001835:Body Weight; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002149:Energy Intake; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D050155:Lipogenesis; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D054439:Ghrelin; D020738:Leptin; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D014280:Triglycerides; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid
AA amino acid; AT adipose tissue; BW body weight; FA fatty acid; Fasn fatty acid synthase; Fat deposition; HF high fat; HP high protein intake; HS high sucrose; High protein intake; Liver lipogenesis; Liver transcriptomic; NP normal protein; POMC pro-opiomelanocortin; analysis; β-HB β-hydroxybutyrate