Spatial and Temporal Control of Cavitation Allows High In Vitro Transfection Efficiency in the Absence of Transfection Reagents or Contrast Agents.
Sonoporation using low-frequency high-pressure ultrasound (US) is a non-viral approach for in vitro and in vivo gene delivery. In this study, we developed a new sonoporation device designed for spatial and temporal control of ultrasound cavitation. The regulation system incorporated in the device allowed a real-time control of the cavitation level during sonoporation. This device was evaluated for the in vitro transfection efficiency of a plasmid coding for Green Fluorescent Protein (pEGFP-C1) in adherent and non-adherent cell lines. The transfection efficiency of the device was compared to those observed with lipofection and nucleofection methods. In both adherent and non-adherent cell lines, the sonoporation device allowed high rate of transfection of pEGFP-C1 (40-80%), as determined by flow cytometry analysis of GFP expression, along with a low rate of mortality assessed by propidium iodide staining. The transfection efficiency and toxicity of sonoporation on the non-adherent cell lines Jurkat and K562 were similar to those of nucleofection, while these two cell lines were resistant to transfection by lipofection. Moreover, sonoporation was used to produce three stably transfected human lymphoma and leukemia lines. Significant transfection efficiency was also observed in two fresh samples of human acute myeloid leukemia cells. In conclusion, we developed a user-friendly and cost-effective ultrasound device, well adapted for routine in vitro high-yield transfection experiments and which does not require the use of any transfection reagent or gas micro-bubbles.
Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon 1, 69000, Lyon, France; INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France; Caviskills SAS, Vaulx-en-Velin, France.
Kamel
K
Chettab
Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon 1, 69000, Lyon, France; INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France.
Stéphanie
S
Roux
Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon 1, 69000, Lyon, France; INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France.
Doriane
D
Mathé
Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon 1, 69000, Lyon, France; INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France.
Emeline
E
Cros-Perrial
Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon 1, 69000, Lyon, France; Inserm, U1032, LabTau, Lyon, F-69003, France.
Maxime
M
Lafond
Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon 1, 69000, Lyon, France; Caviskills SAS, Vaulx-en-Velin, France; Inserm, U1032, LabTau, Lyon, F-69003, France.
Cyril
C
Lafon
Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon 1, 69000, Lyon, France; INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France.
Charles
C
Dumontet
Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon 1, 69000, Lyon, France; Caviskills SAS, Vaulx-en-Velin, France; Inserm, U1032, LabTau, Lyon, F-69003, France.
Jean-Louis
JL
Mestas
D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D007938:Leukemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics; D013010:Sonication / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014162:Transfection / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014463:Ultrasonography