Guest-Induced Emergent Properties in Metal-Organic Frameworks.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline nanoporous materials comprised of organic electron donors linked to metal ions by strong coordination bonds. Applications such as gas storage and separations are currently receiving considerable attention, but if the unique properties of MOFs could be extended to electronics, magnetics, and photonics, the impact on material science would greatly increase. Recently, we obtained "emergent properties," such as electronic conductivity and energy transfer, by infiltrating MOF pores with "guest" molecules that interact with the framework electronic structure. In this Perspective, we define a path to emergent properties based on the Guest@MOF concept, using zinc-carboxylate and copper-paddlewheel MOFs for illustration. Energy transfer and light harvesting are discussed for zinc carboxylate frameworks infiltrated with triplet-scavenging organometallic compounds and thiophene- and fullerene-infiltrated MOF-177. In addition, we discuss the mechanism of charge transport in TCNQ-infiltrated HKUST-1, the first MOF with electrical conductivity approaching conducting organic polymers. These examples show that guest molecules in MOF pores should be considered not merely as impurities or analytes to be sensed but also as an important aspect of rational design.
†Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States.
Mark D
MD
Allendorf
†Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States.
Michael E
ME
Foster
†Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States.
François
F
Léonard
†Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States.
Vitalie
V
Stavila
†Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States.
Patrick L
PL
Feng
†Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States.
F Patrick
FP
Doty
†Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States.
Kirsty
K
Leong
‡Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.
Eric Yue
EY
Ma
‡Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.
Scott R
SR
Johnston
†Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States.
A Alec
AA
Talin