TET proteins in cancer: Current 'state of the art'.
Aberrations in DNA methylation patterns are observed from the early stages of carcinogenesis. However, the mechanisms that drive these changes remain elusive. The recent characterization of ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes as a source of newly modified cytosines (5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine) has shed new light on the DNA demethylation process. These cytosines are intermediates of an active DNA demethylation process and are epigenetic markers per se. In this review, we discuss the mechanism and function of TET proteins in biological processes as well as current knowledge regarding their expression and regulation in cancer.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poland. Electronic address: arawluszko@ump.edu.pl.
Agnieszka Anna
AA
Rawłuszko-Wieczorek
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poland.
Agnieszka
A
Siera
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poland.
Paweł Piotr
PP
Jagodziński
D019175:DNA Methylation; D006801:Humans; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; C462539:TET1 protein, human
5-hmC; Cancer; DNA methylation; TET