Nociceptin effect on intestinal motility depends on opioid-receptor like-1 receptors and nitric oxide synthase co-localization.
OBJECTIVE
To study the effect of the opioid-receptor like-1 (ORL1) agonist nociceptin on gastrointestinal (GI) myenteric neurotransmission and motility.


METHODS
Reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were used to localize nociceptin and ORL1 in mouse tissues. Intracellular electrophysiological recordings of excitatory and inhibitory junction potentials (EJP, IJP) were made in a chambered organ bath. Intestinal motility was measured in vivo.


RESULTS
Nociceptin accelerated whole and upper GI transit, but slowed colonic expulsion in vivo in an ORL1-dependent manner, as shown using [Nphe(1)]NOC and AS ODN pretreatment. ORL1 and nociceptin immunoreactivity were found on enteric neurons. Nociceptin reduced the EJP and the nitric oxide-sensitive slow IJP in an ORL1-dependent manner, whereas the fast IJP was unchanged. Nociceptin further reduced the spatial spreading of the EJP up to 2 cm.


CONCLUSIONS
Compounds acting at ORL1 are good candidates for the future treatment of disorders associated with increased colonic transit, such as diarrhea or diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.
Andrei Sibaev, Birol Yuece, Martin Storr, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
Andrei
A
Sibaev
Andrei Sibaev, Birol Yuece, Martin Storr, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
Jakub
J
Fichna
Andrei Sibaev, Birol Yuece, Martin Storr, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
Dieter
D
Saur
Andrei Sibaev, Birol Yuece, Martin Storr, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
Birol
B
Yuece
Andrei Sibaev, Birol Yuece, Martin Storr, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
Jean-Pierre
JP
Timmermans
Andrei Sibaev, Birol Yuece, Martin Storr, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
Martin
M
Storr
Electrophysiology; Expression; Gastrointestinal transit; Nociceptin; Opioid-receptor like-1