Impact of mode of delivery on the milk microbiota composition of healthy women.
Breast milk constitutes one of the most important sources of postnatal microbes. However, the influence of perinatal factors on the milk microbiome is still poorly understood. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of mode of delivery on the microbiome composition and diversity present in breast milk of healthy mothers. Mature milk samples (n=10) were taken from mothers after 1 month of exclusively breastfeeding. Microbiomes from milk samples were analyzed with 16S ribosomal RNA gene pyrosequencing and targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Despite inter-individual variability in bacterial composition, The Principal Coordinates Analysis clearly separated milk microbiome from mothers with vaginal delivery (n=6) from those who undergo C-section (n=4). In addition, higher bacterial diversity and richness was found in milk samples from vaginal deliveries. Quantitative PCR data showed that higher levels of Bifidobacterium spp. were related significantly to lower levels of Staphylococcus spp. Despite the low sample size, our data suggest that mode of delivery has an important impact on milk microbiome composition. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these results and to understand the biological effects of C-section associated microbes on infant's health.
1Department of Biotechnology. Av. Agustin Escardino 7,Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology,Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC),Valencia,Spain.
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Cabrera-Rubio
1Department of Biotechnology. Av. Agustin Escardino 7,Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology,Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC),Valencia,Spain.
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Mira-Pascual
2Department of Health and Genomics. Av. Cataluña 21,FISABIO Foundation,Center for Advanced Research in Public Health,Valencia,Spain.
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Mira
1Department of Biotechnology. Av. Agustin Escardino 7,Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology,Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC),Valencia,Spain.
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Collado
D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D064307:Microbiota; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000382:microbiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
16S pyrosequencing; C-section; diversity; milk microbiota; qPCR; vaginal delivery