Effects of N-acetylcysteine, oral glutathione (GSH) and a novel sublingual form of GSH on oxidative stress markers: A comparative crossover study.
Glutathione (GSH) is critical to fight against oxidative stress. Its very low bioavailability limits the interest of a supplementation. The purpose of this study was to compare the bioavailability, the effect on oxidative stress markers and the safety of a new sublingual form of GSH with two commonly used dietary supplements, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and oral GSH. The study was a three-week randomized crossover trial. 20 Volunteers with metabolic syndrome were enrolled. GSH levels and several oxidative stress markers were determined at different times during each 21-days period. Compared to oral GSH group, an increase of total and reduced GSH levels in plasma and a higher GSH/GSSG ratio (p=0.003) was observed in sublingual GSH group. After 3 weeks of administration, there was a significant increase of vitamin E level in plasma only in sublingual GSH group (0.83 µmol/g; p=0.04). Our results demonstrate the superiority of a new sublingual form of GSH over the oral GSH form and NAC in terms of GSH supplementation.
Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Centre Hospitalier de Bretagne Sud, 5 Avenue De Choiseul, BP 12233, 56322 Lorient Cedex, France. Electronic address: schmitt.lorient@yahoo.fr.
Bernard
B
Schmitt
Laboratoires Le Stum, 4 impasse de Kerhoas, 56260 Larmor Plage, France. Electronic address: innov@labo-lestum.com.
Morgane
M
Vicenzi
Unité de Biochimie Hormonale et Nutritionnelle, Département de Biochimie, Toxicologie et Pharmacologie, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, CS10217, 38043 Grenoble, France. Electronic address: CGarrel@chu-grenoble.fr.
Catherine
C
Garrel
Laboratoires Le Stum, 4 impasse de Kerhoas, 56260 Larmor Plage, France. Electronic address: infomed@labo-lestum.com.
Frédéric M
FM
Denis
D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001682:Biological Availability; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D013607:Tablets; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood
D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D013607:Tablets; D014280:Triglycerides; D014810:Vitamin E; D005978:Glutathione; D000111:Acetylcysteine
Dietary supplement; Glutathione; Metabolic syndrome; N-acetyl cysteine; Nutraceuticals; Oral bioavailability; Oxidative stress; Sublingual