Repeated measures of inflammation, blood pressure, and heart rate variability associated with traffic exposures in healthy adults.
BACKGROUND
Previous human exposure studies of traffic-related air pollutants have demonstrated adverse health effects in human populations by comparing areas of high and low traffic, but few studies have utilized microenvironmental monitoring of pollutants at multiple traffic locations while looking at a vast array of health endpoints in the same population. We evaluated inflammatory markers, heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure, exhaled nitric oxide, and lung function in healthy participants after exposures to varying mixtures of traffic pollutants.


METHODS
A repeated-measures, crossover study design was used in which 23 healthy, non-smoking adults had clinical cardiopulmonary and systemic inflammatory measurements taken prior to, immediately after, and 24 hours after intermittent walking for two hours in the summer months along three diverse roadways having unique emission characteristics. Measurements of PM2.5, PM10, black carbon (BC), elemental carbon (EC), and organic carbon (OC) were collected. Mixed effect models were used to assess changes in health effects associated with these specific pollutant classes.


RESULTS
Minimal associations were observed with lung function measurements and the pollutants measured. Small decreases in BP measurements and rMSSD, and increases in IL-1β and the low frequency to high frequency ratio measured in HRV, were observed with increasing concentrations of PM2.5 EC.


CONCLUSIONS
Small, acute changes in cardiovascular and inflammation-related effects of microenvironmental exposures to traffic-related air pollution were observed in a group of healthy young adults. The associations were most profound with the diesel-source EC.
Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo, NY, USA. mirowsky@email.unc.edu.
Jaime E
JE
Mirowsky
Division of Environmental Health Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA. rpeltier@schoolph.umass.edu.
Richard E
RE
Peltier
Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo, NY, USA. Morton.Lippmann@nyumc.org.
Morton
M
Lippmann
Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo, NY, USA. george.thurston@nyu.edu.
George
G
Thurston
Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo, NY, USA. Lung-Chi.Chen@nyumc.org.
Lung-Chi
LC
Chen
U.S. EPA; Epidemiology Branch, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. neas.lucas@epa.gov.
Lucas
L
Neas
U.S. EPA; Environmental Public Health Division, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. diaz-sanchez.david@epa.gov.
David
D
Diaz-Sanchez
Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA. laumbach@eohsi.rutgers.edu.
Robert
R
Laumbach
U.S. EPA; Environmental Public Health Division, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. carter.jackie@epa.gov.
Jacqueline D
JD
Carter
Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo, NY, USA. Terry.Gordon@nyumc.org.
Terry
T
Gordon
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D009515:New Jersey / Q000453:epidemiology; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000633:toxicity*; D055815:Young Adult
D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D001335:Vehicle Emissions