SIV-infection-driven changes of pattern recognition receptor expression in mesenteric lymph nodes and gut microbiota dysbiosis.
BACKGROUND
The impact of HIV infection on pattern recognition receptor (PRR) expression in gut-associated lymphoid tissue and its association with dysbiosis is not well understood.


METHODS
PRR and cytokine gene expression were examined in mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN) of rhesus macaques during acute and chronic (untreated and early antiretroviral (ART) treated) infections. Gene expression was correlated with microbial abundance in the gut and immune activation.


RESULTS
PRR expression rapidly increases during acute infection and is significantly decreased in chronic infection. Early ART maintains elevated PRR expression. Correlation analysis revealed three distinct groups of bacterial taxa that were associated with gene expression changes in infection.


CONCLUSIONS
PRR and cytokine gene expression in the gut-draining mLN are rapidly modulated in response to viral infection and are correlated with gut dysbiosis. These data suggest that the dysregulation of PRR and related cytokine expression may contribute to chronic immune activation in SIV infection.
Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Tiffany W
TW
Glavan
Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Christopher A
CA
Gaulke
Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Lauren A
LA
Hirao
Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Sumathi
S
Sankaran-Walters
Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Satya
S
Dandekar
D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000502:physiology
D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition
GALT; SIV; cytokines; microbiota; toll like receptors