Study and health risk assessment of the occurrence of iron and manganese in groundwater at the terminal of the Xiangjiang River.
The pollution of the surface water in the Xiangjiang watershed in China has received much attention, whereas the groundwater conditions in the area have long been ignored. This study investigates the occurrence of Fe and Mn in the groundwater of Chengxi Town located at the terminal of the Xiangjiang River. The study area was monitored for an entire year. Thereafter, the associated health risks were identified. Results showed that approximately 81 and 73 % of the measured samples exceeded the limits for Fe and Mn in Chinese drinking water, respectively. pH level was found to be negatively correlated with the concentrations of Fe and Mn in the groundwater in the study area. The occurrence of Fe in the groundwater showed significant seasonal fluctuations and was possibly affected by the change in environment conditions within the aquifer. By contrast, Mn remained relatively stable in most of the area during the whole year. Overall, no health threats for adults and children in the study area were determined according to the low health index values. Nevertheless, research attention and the implementation of relevant measures are needed for certain villages with exceptionally high Mn concentrations in the groundwater.
State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS and MWR, Yangling, 712100, China.|College of Environmental Science and Technology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.|Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
Bin
B
Huang
State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS and MWR, Yangling, 712100, China. lizw@hnu.edu.cn.|College of Environmental Science and Technology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China. lizw@hnu.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China. lizw@hnu.edu.cn.
Zhongwu
Z
Li
South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environment Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China. chenzhiliang@scies.org.
Zhiliang
Z
Chen
College of Environmental Science and Technology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.|Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
Guiqiu
G
Chen
College of Environmental Science and Technology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.|Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
Chang
C
Zhang
Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China.
Jinquan
J
Huang
College of Environmental Science and Technology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.|Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
Xiaodong
X
Nie
College of Environmental Science and Technology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.|Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
Weiping
W
Xiong
College of Environmental Science and Technology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.|Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
Guangming
G
Zeng
D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D060587:Groundwater / Q000737:chemistry*; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D008345:Manganese / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D018570:Risk Assessment; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity
D060766:Drinking Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D008345:Manganese; D007501:Iron
Groundwater; Health risk assessment; Iron and manganese; Lakeshore; Xiangjiang River