Human primary erythroid cells as a more sensitive alternative in vitro hematological model for nanotoxicity studies: Toxicological effects of silver nanoparticles.
Although immortalized cells established from cancerous cells have been widely used for studies in nanotoxicology studies, the reliability of the results derived from immortalized cells has been questioned because of their different characteristics from normal cells. In the present study, human primary erythroid cells in liquid culture were used as an in vitro hematological cell model for investigation of the nanotoxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and comparing the results to the immortalized hematological cell lines HL60 and K562. The AgNPs caused significant cytotoxic effects in the primary erythroid cells, as shown by the decreased cell viability and induction of intracellular ROS generation and apoptosis, whereas they showed much lower cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in HL60 and K562 cells and did not induced ROS generation in these cell lines. Scanning electron microcopy revealed an interaction of AgNPs to the cell membrane in both primary erythroid and immortalized cells. In addition, AgNPs induced hemolysis in the primary erythroid cells in a dose-dependent manner, and transmission electron microcopy analysis revealed that AgNPs damaged the erythroid cell membrane. Taken together, these results suggest that human primary erythroid cells in liquid culture are a more sensitive alternative in vitro hematological model for nanotoxicology studies.
Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Road, Siriraj, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 130 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
Narawadee
N
Rujanapun
National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 130 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand. Electronic address: sasitorn@nanotec.or.th.
Sasitorn
S
Aueviriyavit
National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 130 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
Suwimon
S
Boonrungsiman
National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 130 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
Apiwan
A
Rosena
National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 130 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
Duangkamol
D
Phummiratch
Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Road, Siriraj, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
Suchada
S
Riolueang
Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Road, Siriraj, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
Nipon
N
Chalaow
Department of Pediatrics and Thalassemia Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Road, Siriraj, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Electronic address: vip.vip@mahidol.ac.th.
Vip
V
Viprakasit
National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 130 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
Rawiwan
R
Maniratanachote
D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D041905:Erythroid Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012834:Silver
Alternative model; Erythroid cells; Hematological system; In vitro model; Nanotoxicity; Silver nanoparticles