Wearable salivary uric acid mouthguard biosensor with integrated wireless electronics.
This article demonstrates an instrumented mouthguard capable of non-invasively monitoring salivary uric acid (SUA) levels. The enzyme (uricase)-modified screen printed electrode system has been integrated onto a mouthguard platform along with anatomically-miniaturized instrumentation electronics featuring a potentiostat, microcontroller, and a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) transceiver. Unlike RFID-based biosensing systems, which require large proximal power sources, the developed platform enables real-time wireless transmission of the sensed information to standard smartphones, laptops, and other consumer electronics for on-demand processing, diagnostics, or storage. The mouthguard biosensor system offers high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability towards uric acid detection in human saliva, covering the concentration ranges for both healthy people and hyperuricemia patients. The new wireless mouthguard biosensor system is able to monitor SUA level in real-time and continuous fashion, and can be readily expanded to an array of sensors for different analytes to enable an attractive wearable monitoring system for diverse health and fitness applications.
Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Jayoung
J
Kim
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Somayeh
S
Imani
Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Instituto de Química -Universidade de São Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
William R
WR
de Araujo
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Julian
J
Warchall
Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Gabriela
G
Valdés-Ramírez
Instituto de Química -Universidade de São Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
Thiago R L C
TR
Paixão
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Electronic address: pmercier@ucsd.edu.
Patrick P
PP
Mercier
Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Electronic address: josephwang@ucsd.edu.
Joseph
J
Wang
D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D003195:Computer Communication Networks / Q000295:instrumentation; D003217:Conductometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009064:Mouth Protectors; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018511:Systems Integration; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis*; D059015:Wireless Technology / Q000295:instrumentation
D014527:Uric Acid
Mouthguard biosensor; Salivary uric acid; Screen printing; Wearable sensor; Wireless electronics