Macular hole formation following intravitreal injection of ranibizumab for branch retinal vein occlusion: a case report.
BACKGROUND
Macular hole formation after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy is a rare complication. We report macular hole formation after intravitreal ranibizumab injection for branch retinal vein occlusion.


METHODS
A 63-year-old Asian male was treated with intravitreal ranibizumab injection for chronic macular edema with branch retinal vein occlusion in his right eye. Before treatment, best-corrected visual acuity in his right eye was 20/200. Nine days after injection, a full thickness macular hole developed with reduction of macular edema. After pars plana vitrectomy combined with cataract surgery, the macular hole was successfully closed, and the best-corrected visual acuity in his right eye improved to 20/40.


CONCLUSIONS
The possibility of an infrequent complication like macular hole should be considered for intravitreal ranibizumab for macular edema with branch retinal vein occlusion.
Tokyo Medical University, Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuo, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan. gmura0815@yahoo.co.jp.
Daisuke
D
Muramatsu
Tokyo Medical University, Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuo, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan. mini.disc.0710@hotmail.co.jp.
Ryosuke
R
Mitsuhashi
Tokyo Medical University, Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuo, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan. iwapon@u01.gate01.com.
Takuya
T
Iwasaki
Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan. goto1115@tokyo-med.ac.jp.
Hiroshi
H
Goto
Tokyo Medical University, Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuo, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan. mmiuratokyo@gmail.com.
Masahiro
M
Miura
D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000069579:Ranibizumab / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012169:Retinal Vein / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000069579:Ranibizumab