Review of existing terrestrial bioaccumulation models and terrestrial bioaccumulation modeling needs for organic chemicals.
Protocols for terrestrial bioaccumulation assessments are far less-developed than for aquatic systems. This article reviews modeling approaches that can be used to assess the terrestrial bioaccumulation potential of commercial organic chemicals. Models exist for plant, invertebrate, mammal, and avian species and for entire terrestrial food webs, including some that consider spatial factors. Limitations and gaps in terrestrial bioaccumulation modeling include the lack of QSARs for biotransformation and dietary assimilation efficiencies for terrestrial species; the lack of models and QSARs for important terrestrial species such as insects, amphibians and reptiles; the lack of standardized testing protocols for plants with limited development of plant models; and the limited chemical domain of existing bioaccumulation models and QSARs (e.g., primarily applicable to nonionic organic chemicals). There is an urgent need for high-quality field data sets for validating models and assessing their performance. There is a need to improve coordination among laboratory, field, and modeling efforts on bioaccumulative substances in order to improve the state of the science for challenging substances.
Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
Frank A P C
FA
Gobas
US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota.
Lawrence P
LP
Burkhard
Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA.
William J
WJ
Doucette
US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Keith G
KG
Sappington
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
Eric M J
EM
Verbruggen
CH2M HILL, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Bruce K
BK
Hope
Environment Canada, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada.
Mark A
MA
Bonnell
Arnot Research and Consulting, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Jon A
JA
Arnot
European Chemicals Agency, Helsinki, Finland.
Jose V
JV
Tarazona
D000818:Animals; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D020387:Food Chain; D007313:Insecta; D008954:Models, Biological; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D010944:Plants; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D014714:Vertebrates
D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D009930:Organic Chemicals
Bioaccumulation assessment; Research planning; Terrestrial bioaccumulation models