Smokers Show Lower Levels of Psychological Well-Being and Mindfulness than Non-Smokers.
Mindfulness is defined as "paying attention in a particular way, on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally". Mindfulness is associated with positive affect, life satisfaction, self-esteem, lower negative affect and rumination. Conversely, evidence suggests a relationship between nicotine dependence and psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to compare the levels of Mindfulness and Subjective Well-Being (SWB) between smokers and non-smokers. Ninety seven smokers and eighty four non-smokers participated in the study (n = 181). The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ-BR) and the Subjective Well-Being Scale (SWBS) were used. In all the factors of SWBS, the total scores in the FFMQ-BR and in the facets of Observing and Non-Reactivity, the non-smokers scored higher than the smokers. This study suggests that smokers present lower levels of Mindfulness and SWB than non-smokers. Consequently, we propose that Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBI) may help smokers deal with treatment and abstinence by increasing their level of SWB.
Department of Psychology, Human Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Víviam Vargas
VV
Barros
Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto do Cérebro, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Elisa Harumi
EH
Kozasa
Department of Psychology, Human Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Taynara Dutra Batista
TD
Formagini
Department of Psychology, Human Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Laís Helena
LH
Pereira
Department of Psychology, Human Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Telmo Mota
TM
Ronzani
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires