Complement mediators: key regulators of airway tissue remodeling in asthma.
The complement mediators are the major effectors of the immune balance, which operates at the interface between the innate and adaptive immunity, and is vital for many immunoregulatory functions. Activation of the complement cascade through the classical, alternative or lectin pathways thus generating opsonins like C3b and C5b, anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, chemotaxin, and inflammatory mediators, which leads to cellular death. Complement mediators that accelerate the airway remodeling are not well defined; however, an uncontrolled Th2-driven adaptive immune response has been linked to the major pathophysiologic features of asthma, including bronchoconstriction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway inflammation. The mechanisms leading to complement mediated airway tissue remodeling, and the effect of therapy on preventing and/or reversing it are not clearly understood. This review highlights complement-mediated inflammation, and the mechanism through it triggers the airway tissue injury and remodeling in the airway epithelium that could serve as potential targets for developing a new drug to rescue the asthma patients.
Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211 MBC-03, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. mkhan26@kfshrc.edu.sa.
Mohammad Afzal
MA
Khan
Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211 MBC-03, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. assiri@kfshrc.edu.sa.
Abdullah Mohammed
AM
Assiri
Organ Transplant Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. dbroering@kfshrc.edu.sa.
Dieter Clemens
DC
Broering
D056151:Airway Remodeling; D000706:Anaphylatoxins / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000276:immunology; D003167:Complement Activation; D015926:Complement C3a / Q000276:immunology*; D015936:Complement C5a / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000276:immunology; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000276:immunology; D009895:Opsonin Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000166:cytology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000276:immunology
D000706:Anaphylatoxins; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D018793:Interleukin-13; D009895:Opsonin Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D015926:Complement C3a; D015936:Complement C5a