Intranasal immunization with protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis induces a long-term immunological memory response.
Although intranasal vaccination has been shown to be effective for the protection against inhalational anthrax, establishment of long-term immunity has yet to be achieved. Here, we investigated whether intranasal immunization with recombinant protective antigen (rPA) of Bacillus anthracis induces immunological memory responses in the mucosal and systemic compartments. Intranasal immunization with rPA plus cholera toxin (CT) sustained PA-specific antibody responses for 6 months in lung, nasal washes, and vaginal washes as well as serum. A significant induction of PA-specific memory B cells was observed in spleen, cervical lymph nodes (CLNs) and lung after booster immunization. Furthermore, intranasal immunization with rPA plus CT remarkably generated effector memory CD4(+) T cells in the lung. PA-specific CD4(+) T cells preferentially increased the expression of Th1- and Th17-type cytokines in lung, but not in spleen or CLNs. Collectively, the intranasal immunization with rPA plus CT promoted immunologic memory responses in the mucosal and systemic compartments, providing long-term immunity.
Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea.
Sun-Je
SJ
Woo
Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea.
Seok-Seong
SS
Kang
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea.
Sung-Moo
SM
Park
Laboratory Sciences Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
Jae Seung
JS
Yang
Laboratory Sciences Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
Man Ki
MK
Song
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea.
Cheol-Heui
CH
Yun
Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: shhan-mi@snu.ac.kr.
Seung Hyun
SH
Han
D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology*; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D001408:Bacillus anthracis / Q000276:immunology*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000276:immunology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D007114:Immunization; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000276:immunology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013997:Time Factors
D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D016207:Cytokines; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C030325:anthrax toxin; D002772:Cholera Toxin
Intranasal immunization; Memory response; Protective antigen