Firearm Prevalence and Homicides of Law Enforcement Officers in the United States.
OBJECTIVE
In the United States, state firearm ownership has been correlated with homicide rates. More than 90% of homicides of law enforcement officers (LEOs) are committed with firearms. We examined the relationship between state firearm ownership rates and LEO occupational homicide rates.


METHODS
We obtained the number LEOs killed from 1996 to 2010 from a Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) database. We calculated homicide rates per state as the number of officers killed per number of LEOs per state, obtained from another FBI database. We obtained the mean household firearm ownership for each state from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.


RESULTS
Using Poisson regression and controlling for factors known to affect homicide rates, we associated firearm ownership with the homicide rates for LEOs (incidence rate ratio = 1.044; P = .005); our results were supported by cross-sectional and longitudinal sensitivity analyses. LEO homicide rates were 3 times higher in states with high firearm ownership compared with states with low firearm ownership.


CONCLUSIONS
High public gun ownership is a risk for occupational mortality for LEOs in the United States. States could consider methods for reducing firearm ownership as a way to reduce occupational deaths of LEOs.
At the time of this study, David I. Swedler was with Environmental Health Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, and Center for Injury Epidemiology, Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, MA. Molly M. Simmons is with the Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Francesca Dominici is with the Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health. David Hemenway is with the Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health.
David I
DI
Swedler
At the time of this study, David I. Swedler was with Environmental Health Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, and Center for Injury Epidemiology, Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, MA. Molly M. Simmons is with the Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Francesca Dominici is with the Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health. David Hemenway is with the Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health.
Molly M
MM
Simmons
At the time of this study, David I. Swedler was with Environmental Health Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, and Center for Injury Epidemiology, Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, MA. Molly M. Simmons is with the Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Francesca Dominici is with the Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health. David Hemenway is with the Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health.
Francesca
F
Dominici
At the time of this study, David I. Swedler was with Environmental Health Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, and Center for Injury Epidemiology, Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, MA. Molly M. Simmons is with the Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Francesca Dominici is with the Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health. David Hemenway is with the Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health.
David
D
Hemenway
D000328:Adult; D040343:Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; D005260:Female; D005389:Firearms; D006708:Homicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D035846:Law Enforcement; D008297:Male; D010067:Ownership; D015995:Prevalence; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000401:mortality*