Programmed regulation of rat offspring adipogenic transcription factor (PPARγ) by maternal nutrition.
We determined the protein expression of adipogenic transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and its co-repressor and co-activator complexes in adipose tissue from the obese offspring of under- and over-nourished dams. Female rats were fed either a high-fat (60% kcal) or control (10% kcal) diet before mating, and throughout pregnancy and lactation (Mat-OB). Additional dams were 50% food-restricted from pregnancy day 10 to term [intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR)]. Adipose tissue protein expression was analyzed in newborn and adult male offspring. Normal birth weight Mat-OB and low birth weight IUGR newborns had upregulated PPARγ with variable changes in co-repressors and co-activators. As obese adults, Mat-OB and IUGR offspring had increased PPARγ with decreased co-repressor and increased co-activator expression. Nutritionally programmed increased PPARγ expression is associated with altered expression of its co-regulators in the newborn and adult offspring. Functional studies of PPARγ co-regulators are necessary to establish their role in PPARγ-mediated programmed obesity.
1Perinatal Research Laboratories,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center,Torrance,CA,USA.
M
M
Desai
1Perinatal Research Laboratories,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center,Torrance,CA,USA.
J K
JK
Jellyman
1Perinatal Research Laboratories,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center,Torrance,CA,USA.
G
G
Han
3Department of Pediatrics,Medical College of Wisconsin,Milwaukee,WI,USA.
R H
RH
Lane
1Perinatal Research Laboratories,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center,Torrance,CA,USA.
M G
MG
Ross
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001724:Birth Weight; D001786:Blood Glucose; D049628:Body Size; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D047495:PPAR gamma; D014280:Triglycerides
co-activator proteins; co-repressor proteins; maternal obesity; maternal undernutrition; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors