Visualizing myocardial inflammation in a rat model of type 4 cardiorenal syndrome by dual-modality molecular imaging.
Type 4 cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a life-threatening world health problem in which chronic kidney disease leads to progressive cardiovascular disease. In type 4 CRS, cardiac inflammation is an excellent target for both detection and therapy; however, this progression was underestimated by previous studies due to the lack of effective detection methods. To noninvasively visualize cardiac inflammation and monitor therapeutic efficacy of anti-inflammatory treatment in type 4 CRS, we here synthesized a dual-modality magneto-fluorescent nanoparticle (MNP) by combining ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle and Rhodamine B for both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical imaging. This dual-functional MNP exhibited excellent performance such as high r2 relaxivity coefficient (283.4 mM(-1) s(-1)), high magnetism (96.7 emu/g iron) and a near neutral surface charge to minimize the reticuloendothelial system uptake. In vivo cardiac MRI showed significant negative contrast in the type 4 CRS rats, and the signal intensity on optical imaging was significantly higher in the type 4 CRS group compared with sham-operated and drug-treated groups. The specific targeting profile of MNPs to monocyte-macrophages was proven by histopathological analysis. Taken together, we demonstrate that this dual-modality strategy is feasible for noninvasively assessing myocardial inflammation and monitoring therapeutic efficacy in type 4 CRS.
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
Di
D
Chang
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
Yuan-Cheng
YC
Wang
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
Shi-Jun
SJ
Zhang
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
Ying-Ying
YY
Bai
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
Dong-Fang
DF
Liu
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
Feng-Chao
FC
Zang
Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69, 7BE, UK.
Guozheng
G
Wang
Centre of Cardiovascular Research & Education in Therapeutics, Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, School Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
Binghui
B
Wang
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China. Electronic address: jsh0836@hotmail.com.
Shenghong
S
Ju
D000818:Animals; D059347:Cardio-Renal Syndrome / Q000473:pathology*; D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans / Q000737:chemistry*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000737:chemistry*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D053769:Nanocapsules; D012235:Rhodamines; C097921:ferumoxtran-10; C029773:rhodamine B
Cardiovascular imaging; Iron oxide nanoparticle; Myocardial inflammation; Nanoparticle; Optical imaging; Type 4 cardiorenal syndrome