Second-Hand Smoking among Intermediate and Secondary School Students in Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
OBJECTIVE
Second-hand smoke (SHS) is an important public health problem worldwide. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of SHS exposure and its associated risk factors among intermediate and secondary school students.


METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013 among 3400 students from 34 intermediate and secondary schools in Madinah City, Saudi Arabia. Data about sociodemographic and smoking-related factors and SHS exposure were collected using a self-administered questionnaire.


RESULTS
Of the 3210 students analyzed, the prevalence of SHS exposure was 32.7% 49.3%, and 25% inside, outside, and both inside and outside the home, respectively. The highest risk of SHS exposure was associated with the adolescent's smoking status, parental smoking, close friends smoking, and family structure. The risk was markedly increased in association with parental smoking for exposure inside the home (OR = 6.49; 95% CI = 5.44-7.73) and with close friends smoking for exposure outside the home (OR = 4.16; 95% CI = 3.54-4.77). The risk of SHS, however, was lower among adolescents having knowledge about smoking and highly educated parents.


CONCLUSIONS
The study revealed a considerably high prevalence of SHS both inside and outside the home among adolescents. Knowledge and beliefs about SHS exposure are the main preventable approach.
Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah 41541, Saudi Arabia.
Abdulmohsen H
AH
Al-Zalabani
Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah 41541, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt.
Soliman M
SM
Amer
Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah 41541, Saudi Arabia ; Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Khaled A
KA
Kasim
Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah 41541, Saudi Arabia.
Reem I
RI
Alqabshawi
Environmental Health of the Liver Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shibin Al Kawm, Egypt.
Ayat R
AR
Abdallah
D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D004522:Educational Status; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D010290:Parents; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012574:Schools / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution