Photographs for anthropometric measurements of the breast region. Are there limitations?
OBJECTIVE
To determine the limitations of the photographs used to obtain the anthropometric measurements of the breast region.


METHODS
Five women, between the ages of 18 to 60 years, were evaluated. Photographs of the frontal and left and right profile views of their breasts were taken. Based on the current literature, the most commonly used anthropometric and anatomic landmarks for breast measurement were marked in their different positions. The different points were used to evaluate if the direct anthropometry was possible in a standardized way and determine how the points and the positions can to be used in any breast measurements.


RESULTS
There were some limitations to the use of defining points of the breast fold, as well as of its lower portion and lateral extension positions in both profiles.


CONCLUSIONS
The defining points of the breast fold and the profile photographs have some limitations and we suggested how the points and positions can be used for breasts measurements.
Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Paulo Rogério
PR
Quieregatto
Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Bernardo
B
Hochman
Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Fabianne
F
Furtado
aff4, Brazil.
Soraia Francisco
SF
Ferrara
Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Aline Fernanda Perez
AF
Machado
Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Miguel
M
Sabino Neto
Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Lydia Masako
LM
Ferreira
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D059925:Anatomic Landmarks / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods*; D001940:Breast / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010780:Photogrammetry / Q000379:methods*; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055815:Young Adult