Determination of Milk Fat Adulteration with Vegetable Oils and Animal Fats by Gas Chromatographic Analysis.
This study assessed the potential application of gas chromatography (GC) in detecting milk fat (MF) adulteration with vegetable oils and animal fats and of characterizing samples by fat source. One hundred percent pure MF was adulterated with different vegetable oils and animal fats at various concentrations (0%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90%). GC was used to obtain the fatty acid (FA) profiles, triacylglycerol (TG) contents, and cholesterol contents. The pure MF and the adulterated MF samples were discriminated based on the total concentrations of saturated FAs and on the 2 major FAs (oleic acid [C18:1n9c] and linoleic acid [C18:2n6c], TGs [C52 and C54], and cholesterol contents using statistical analysis to compared difference. These bio-markers enabled the detection of as low as 10% adulteration of non-MF into 100% pure MF. The study demonstrated the high potential of GC to rapidly detect MF adulteration with vegetable and animal fats, and discriminate among commercial butter and milk products according to the fat source. These data can be potentially useful in detecting foreign fats in these butter products. Furthermore, it is important to consider that several individual samples should be analyzed before coming to a conclusion about MF authenticity.
Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk Univ, Seoul, 143-701, Korea.
Jin-Man
JM
Kim
Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk Univ, Seoul, 143-701, Korea.
Ha-Jung
HJ
Kim
Dept. of food science, Korea Christian Univ, Seoul, 157-722.
Jung-Min
JM
Park
D000818:Animals; D002079:Butter / Q000032:analysis; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000032:analysis; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D003132:Commerce; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000032:analysis*; D005223:Fats / Q000032:analysis; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000032:analysis*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000032:analysis
D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005223:Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010938:Plant Oils; D014280:Triglycerides; D019301:Oleic Acid; D002079:Butter; D019787:Linoleic Acid
adulteration; dairy products; fatty acids; milk fat; triacylglycerols