2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA) inhibits trichothecene production by Fusarium graminearum through suppression of Tri6 expression.
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) caused by a mycotoxigenic fungus Fusarium graminearum resulting in significantly decreased yields and accumulation of toxic trichothecenes in grains. We tested 7 major secondary metabolites from wheat for their effect on trichothecene production in liquid cultures of F. graminearum producing trichothecene 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON). 2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA) benzoxazinoid completely abolished toxin production without any apparent effect on fungal growth. DIMBOA strongly affected the expression of Tri6, encoding a major transcriptional regulator of several genes of the trichothecene biosynthesis pathway. DIMBOA also repressed expression of Tri5, encoding trichodiene synthase, the first enzyme in the trichothecene biosynthesis pathway. Thus, DIMBOA could play an important role against the accumulation of trichothecenes in wheat grain. Breeding or engineering of wheat with increased levels of benzoxazinoids could provide varieties with increased resistance against trichothecene contamination of grain and lower susceptibility to FHB.
Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Flakkebjerg, Denmark.
Thomas
T
Etzerodt
Department of Biological Mechanisms and Functions, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
Kazuyuki
K
Maeda
Department of Biological Mechanisms and Functions, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
Yuichi
Y
Nakajima
Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Flakkebjerg, Denmark.
Bente
B
Laursen
Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Flakkebjerg, Denmark.
Inge S
IS
Fomsgaard
Department of Biological Mechanisms and Functions, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan. Electronic address: mkimura@agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp.
Makoto
M
Kimura
D048588:Benzoxazines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019755:Carbon-Carbon Lyases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D005670:Fusarium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D014908:Triticum / Q000382:microbiology*
D048588:Benzoxazines; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C094327:Tri6 protein, Fusarium sporotrichioides; D014255:Trichothecenes; C046760:15-acetyldeoxynivalenol; D019755:Carbon-Carbon Lyases; C051130:trichodiene synthetase; C050733:2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one
15-Acetyldeoxynivalenol; 15-Acetyldeoxynivalenol (PubChem CID 10382483); 2,4-Dihydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (PubChem CID: 28495); 2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one; 2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (PubChem CID: 2358); 6-Methoxy-benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (PubChem CID: 10772); Benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (PubChem CID: 6043); Deoxynivalenol (PubChem CID 40024); Fusarium head blight; Homoorientin (PubChem CID: 114776); Nivalenol (PubChem CID 31829); Tri gene expression; Wheat; p-Coumaric acid (PubChem CID: 637542); trans-Ferulic acid (PubChem CID: 445858)