A multi-perspective focus-group approach to revise items in a dietary self-efficacy scale for older Taiwanese adults.
OBJECTIVE
To revise items in the Cardiac Diet Self-Efficacy Scale, Chinese version (CDSE-C) using focus groups.


BACKGROUND
There is limited literature on using focus groups with older adults as well as nursing and nutrition professionals to revise a questionnaire.


METHODS
A qualitative research with multi-perspective focus-group approach was used from February through June 2009. Four serial focus groups were conducted including two focus groups of older adults from Taipei County (n = 6) and Yilan County (n = 6), one group of 5 nursing professionals, and one group of 4 nutritionists.


RESULTS
Serial focus group discussions added one category to the CDSE-C (reducing salt) and 3 items, resulting in an 18-item scale with six categories: healthy eating behaviors, reducing fat and cholesterol, resisting relapse, increasing fiber and vegetable, reducing sugar, and reducing salt.


CONCLUSIONS
This revised measure can serve as a reliable tool for assessing older Chinese adults' healthy eating self-efficacy to evaluate and improve nutritional status in this population.
Jung-Hua
JH
Shao
Yeu-Hui
YH
Chuang
Su-Hui
SH
Chen
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D036301:Qualitative Research; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013624:Taiwan