Epigenetic regulation of DNA repair machinery in Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis.
Although thousands of DNA damaging events occur in each cell every day, efficient DNA repair pathways have evolved to counteract them. The DNA repair machinery plays a key role in maintaining genomic stability by avoiding the maintenance of mutations. The DNA repair enzymes continuously monitor the chromosomes to correct any damage that is caused by exogenous and endogenous mutagens. If DNA damage in proliferating cells is not repaired because of an inadequate expression of DNA repair genes, it might increase the risk of cancer. In addition to mutations, which can be either inherited or somatically acquired, epigenetic silencing of DNA repair genes has been associated with carcinogenesis. Gastric cancer represents the second highest cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The disease develops from the accumulation of several genetic and epigenetic changes during the lifetime. Among the risk factors, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is considered the main driving factor to gastric cancer development. Thus, in this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the role of H. pylori infection on the epigenetic regulation of DNA repair machinery in gastric carcinogenesis.
Juliana Carvalho Santos, Marcelo Lima Ribeiro, Sao Francisco University Medical School Clinical Pharmacology and Gastroenterology Unit Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Bragança Paulista, SP 12916900, Brazil.
Juliana Carvalho
JC
Santos
Juliana Carvalho Santos, Marcelo Lima Ribeiro, Sao Francisco University Medical School Clinical Pharmacology and Gastroenterology Unit Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Bragança Paulista, SP 12916900, Brazil.
Marcelo Lima
ML
Ribeiro
D000818:Animals; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D004249:DNA Damage; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004260:DNA Repair; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics
DNA methylation; DNA repair; Epigenetic; Gastric cancer; Helicobacter pylori; Histone modification