Efficacy of a half-grip technique using a fine tip LigaSure™, Dolphin Tip Sealer/Divider, on liver dissection in swine model.
BACKGROUND
Recently, a lot of energy devices in the surgical field, especially in the liver surgery, have been developed, and a fine tip LigaSure™, Dolphin Tip Sealer/Divider (DT-SD) also has been used frequently to dissect liver parenchyma as well as ultrasonically activated device (USAD). However, the utility of this instrument for liver dissection (LD) is still unknown. Moreover, to reduce bleeding during LD, a half-grip technique (HGT) was contrived. We herein report an experimental study in swine model to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of HGT using DT-SD for LD.


METHODS
The swine model experiment was carried out under general anesthesia by veterinarians. LD was performed repeatedly by DT-SD with the HGT (Group A, n = 6), or the conventional clamp-crush technique (CCT) (Group B, n = 6), and by variable mode USAD (Group C, n = 6). The dissection length and depth (cm) as well as bleeding volume (g) were measured carefully, and the dissection area (cm(2)) and speed (cm(2)/min) were calculated precisely. Histological examinations of the dissection surfaces were also executed. Mann-Whitney's U test was used for Statistical analyses with variance at a significance level of 0.05.


RESULTS
Among the three groups, the three averages of dissection lengths were unexpectedly equalized to 8.3 cm. The dissection area (cm(2)) was 9.9 ± 5.1 in Group A, 9.8 ± 4.7 in Group B, and 9.9 ± 4.5 in Group C. The mean blood loss during LD was 10.6 ± 14.8 g in Group A, 41.4 ± 39.2 g in Group B, and 34.3 ± 39.2 g in Group C. For Group A, the bleeding rate was the least, 0.9 ± 1.0 g/cm(2), and the average depth of coagulation was the thickest, 1.47 ± 0.29 mm, among the three groups (p < 0.05). The dissection speed in Group A (1.3 ± 0.3 cm(2)/min) was slower, than that in Group C (p < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
This report indicates firstly that the HGT using DT-SD bring the least blood loss when compared with CCT or USAD. Although the HGT is feasible and useful for LD, to popularize the HGT, further clinical studies will be needed.
Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishishinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan. yoichitoyama@jikei.ac.jp.
Yoichi
Y
Toyama
Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishishinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan. yansei@jikei.ac.jp.
Seiya
S
Yoshida
Department of Surgery, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, 163-1, Kashiwashita, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8567, Japan. ryota.s@jikei.ac.jp.
Ryota
R
Saito
Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishishinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan. ryotaiwa@jikei.ac.jp.
Ryota
R
Iwase
Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishishinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan. haruki@jikei.ac.jp.
Koichiro
K
Haruki
Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishishinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan. n-okui@jikei.ac.jp.
Norimitsu
N
Okui
Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishishinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan. shimada.junichi@gmail.com.
Jun-ichi
J
Shimada
Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishishinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan. 777333aaa@gmail.com.
Hiroaki
H
Kitamura
Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishishinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan. mmatsumoto4@yahoo.co.jp.
Michinori
M
Matsumoto
Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishishinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan. kyanaga@jikei.ac.jp.
Katsuhiko
K
Yanaga
D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000818:Animals; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004210:Dissection / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery*; D013552:Swine