Strategies and techniques to enhance constructed wetland performance for sustainable wastewater treatment.
Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been used as an alternative to conventional technologies for wastewater treatment for more than five decades. Recently, the use of various modified CWs to improve treatment performance has also been reported in the literature. However, the available knowledge on various CW technologies considering the intensified and reliable removal of pollutants is still limited. Hence, this paper aims to provide an overview of the current development of CW strategies and techniques for enhanced wastewater treatment. Basic information on configurations and characteristics of different innovations was summarized. Then, overall treatment performance of those systems and their shortcomings were further discussed. Lastly, future perspectives were also identified for specialists to design more effective and sustainable CWs. This information is used to inspire some novel intensifying methodologies, and benefit the successful applications of potential CW technologies.
College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.|Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
Haiming
H
Wu
National Engineering Laboratory of Coal-Fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, People's Republic of China.
Jinlin
J
Fan
Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China. zhangjian00@sdu.edu.cn.
Jian
J
Zhang
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
Huu Hao
HH
Ngo
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
Wenshan
W
Guo
Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
Shuang
S
Liang
Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
Zhen
Z
Hu
Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.|Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
Hai
H
Liu
D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D006801:Humans; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D060753:Water Quality; D053833:Wetlands
D062065:Wastewater
Constructed wetlands; Enhancing strategies; Intensifying techniques; Sustainable performance; Wastewater treatment