Metabolism of the Fusarium Mycotoxins T-2 Toxin and HT-2 Toxin in Wheat.
To investigate the metabolic fate of HT-2 toxin (HT2) and T-2 toxin (T2) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), an untargeted metabolomics study utilizing stable isotopic labeling and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry was performed. In total, 11 HT2 and 12 T2 derived in planta biotransformation products were annotated putatively. In addition to previously reported mono- and diglucosylated forms of HT2, evidence for the formation of HT2-malonyl-glucoside and feruloyl-T2, as well as acetylation and deacetylation products in wheat was obtained for the first time. To monitor the kinetics of metabolite formation, a time course experiment was conducted involving the Fusarium head blight susceptible variety Remus and the resistant cultivar CM-82036. Biotransformation reactions were observed already at the earliest tested time point (6 h after treatment), and formed metabolites showed different kinetic profiles. After ripening, less than 15% of the toxins added to the plants were determined to be unmetabolized.
Chemistry and Toxicology Unit, Research and Laboratory Department, Finnish Food Safety Authority (Evira) , Mustialankatu 3, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
Alexis V
AV
Nathanail
Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) , Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
Elisabeth
E
Varga
Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) , Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.|Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, IFA-Tulln, BOKU , Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
Jacqueline
J
Meng-Reiterer
Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) , Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
Christoph
C
Bueschl
Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, BOKU , Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
Herbert
H
Michlmayr
Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) , Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
Alexandra
A
Malachova
Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology , Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
Philipp
P
Fruhmann
Product Safety Unit, Control Department, Finnish Food Safety Authority (Evira) , Mustialankatu 3, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
Marika
M
Jestoi
Finnish Safety and Chemicals Agency (Tukes) , Opastinsilta 12 B, 00521 Helsinki, Finland.
Kimmo
K
Peltonen
Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, BOKU , Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
Gerhard
G
Adam
Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, IFA-Tulln, BOKU , Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
Marc
M
Lemmens
Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) , Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
Rainer
R
Schuhmacher
Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) , Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
Franz
F
Berthiller
D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D055432:Metabolomics; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D013605:T-2 Toxin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology
D009183:Mycotoxins; D013605:T-2 Toxin; C012351:HT-2 toxin
cereals; liquid chromatography−high resolution mass spectrometry; masked mycotoxins; metabolomics; stable isotopes; trichothecenes