Adding Value to Palliative Care Services: The Development of an Institutional Bereavement Program.
BACKGROUND
Although bereavement programs are a common element of palliative medicine and hospice programs, few health care institutions currently offer universal bereavement services to all their patients. The elevated risk of serious physical and mental health problems among the bereaved is a strong argument for the development of universal institution-based bereavement programs as an element of quality care for family members of all patients who die.


OBJECTIVE
We describe the development of the bereavement program at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) where we conceptualized bereavement services as a preventive model of care.


METHODS
We identified education, guidance and support as the primary constructs of the program. The essential components include a formal acknowledgement of the death of the patient by the cancer center, information about grief and what to expect, individual visits to assess coping, and staff support and education.


METHODS
One hundred and forty bereaved families completed a survey about the bereavement program.


RESULTS
The findings indicated that the formal letter of condolence and the bereavement guide had a positive impact on the grieving of the respondents. Contact from the patient's oncologist and nurse was especially well received.


CONCLUSIONS
Bereavement programs can both help bereaved individuals adapt to their loss, and positively impact hospitals by enhancing the reputation of the hospital within the community and providing an avenue for identifying opportunities for improvement in care processes. We recommend that all hospitals implement basic bereavement programs for families of all deceased patients as the standard of care.
1 Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, Massachusetts.
Sue E
SE
Morris
2 Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School Center for Palliative Care, Ariadne Labs, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.
Susan D
SD
Block
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001601:Bereavement; D002173:Cancer Care Facilities / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D019982:Organizational Case Studies; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology*; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012944:Social Support