Incidence of high altitude pulmonary edema in low-landers during re-exposure to high altitude after a sojourn in the plains.
BACKGROUND
There is uncertainty whether acclimatized low-landers who return to high altitude after a sojourn at low altitude have a higher incidence of pulmonary edema than during the first exposure to high altitude.


METHODS
This was a prospective cohort study consisting of men ascending to 3400 m by road (N = 1003) or by air (N = 4178). The study compared the incidence of high altitude pulmonary edema during first exposure vs the incidence during re-exposure in each of these cohorts.


RESULTS
Pulmonary edema occurred in 13 of the 4178 entries by air (Incidence: 0.31%, 95% CI: 0.18%-0.53%). The incidence during first exposure was 0.18% (0.05%-0.66%) and 0.36% (0.2%-0.64%) during re-exposure (Fisher Exact Test for differences in the incidence (two-tailed) p = 0.534). The relative risk for the re-exposure cohort was 1.95 (95% CI, 0.43%-8.80%). Pulmonary edema occurred in 3 of the 1003 road entrants (Incidence: 0.30%, 95% CI: 0.08%-0.95%). All three cases occurred in the re-exposure cohort.


CONCLUSIONS
The large overlap of confidence intervals between incidence during first exposure and re-exposure; the nature of the confidence interval of the relative risk; and the result of the Fisher exact test, all suggest that this difference in incidence could have occurred purely by chance. We did not find evidence for a significantly higher incidence of HAPE during re-entry to HA after a sojourn in the plains.
Associate Professor (Physiology), Oman Medical College, Oman.
C V
CV
Apte
Commanding Officer, 58 Forward Medical Store Depot, C/o-99 APO, India.
R K S
RK
Tomar
Classified Specialist (Physiology), Base Hospital, New Delhi, India.
D
D
Sharma
Altitude; Altitude sickness; Incidence; Pulmonary edema of mountaineers