Inflammation During Gestation Induced Spatial Memory and Learning Deficits: Attenuated by Physical Exercise in Juvenile Rats.
BACKGROUND
Gestational infections induced inflammation (GIII) is a cause of various postnatal neurological deficits in developing countries. Such intra uterine insults could result in persistent learning-memory disabilities. There are no studies elucidating the efficacy of adolescence exercise on spatial learning- memory abilities of young adult rats pre-exposed to inflammatory insult during fetal life.


OBJECTIVE
The present study addresses the efficacy of physical (running) exercise during adolescent period in attenuating spatial memory deficits induced by exposure to GIII in rats.


METHODS
Pregnant Wistar dams were randomly divided into control and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) groups, injected intra peritoneally (i.p) with saline (0.5ml) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (0.5mg/kg) on alternate days from gestation day 14 (GD 14) till delivery. After parturition, pups were divided into 3 groups (n=6/group) a) Sham control and LPS group divided into 2 subgroups- b) LPS and c) LPS exercise group. Running exercise was given only to LPS exercise group during postnatal days (PNDs) 30 to 60 (15min/day). Spatial learning and memory performance was assessed by Morris water maze test (MWM), on postnatal day 61 to 67 in all groups.


RESULTS
Young rats pre-exposed to GIII and subjected to running exercise through juvenile period displayed significant decrease in latency to reach escape platform and spent significant duration in target quadrant in MWM test, compared to age matched LPS group. Results of the current study demonstrated that exercise through juvenile/adolescent period effectively mitigates gestational inflammation-induced cognitive deficits in young adult rats.


CONCLUSIONS
Inflammation during gestation impairs offspring's spatial memory and learning abilities. Whereas, early postnatal physical exercise attenuates, to higher extent, cognitive impairment resulted from exposure to LPS induced inflammation during intrauterine growth period.
Lecturer, Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal University , Manipal,Udupi- Dist,Karnataka, India .
Rajesh
R
Thangarajan
Professor, Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal University , Manipal,Udupi- Dist, Karnataka, India .
Ramesh Rao
RR
Tantradi
Professor, Department of Physiology, Melaka Manipal Medical College,Manipal University , Manipal, Udupi- Dist, Karnataka, India .
Kiranmai S
KS
Rai
Lecturer, Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University , Manipal, Udupi- Dist, Karnataka, India .
Sivakumar
S
Gopalakrishnan
Professional Practice Fellow, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago , P.O. Box 913, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand .
Vivek
V
Perumal
Cognitive deficits; Lipopolysaccharides; Prenatal inflammation; Running exercise