Innate-like lymphocytes in intestinal infections.
OBJECTIVE
The mechanisms of immunity against intestinal pathogens are not well understood. Innate-like lymphocytes are a group of recently discovered cells that do not fit into either side of the historical innate-adaptive classification. They are enriched in the intestinal mucosa and participate in gut homeostasis and defense against infections. We will review recent developments in innate-like T lymphocytes and innate lymphoid cells, specifically as they relate to responses to intestinal infections.


RESULTS
Recent studies have uncovered further details into antigen presentation to γδ T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T cells, the role of invariant natural killer T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T cells in intestinal infections, and how innate lymphoid cells maintain gut homeostasis and protection.


CONCLUSIONS
Innate-like lymphocytes play a major role in the critical early response to intestinal infections and maintaining gut homeostasis. Further studies of the roles these cells play in the human intestinal mucosa will aid in the development of therapeutics against intestinal infections.
aDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases bDepartment of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Michael S
MS
Bennett
June L
JL
Round
Daniel T
DT
Leung
D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*