Development and Validation of a Lateral Flow Immunoassay for the Rapid Screening of Okadaic Acid and All Dinophysis Toxins from Shellfish Extracts.
A single-step lateral flow immunoassay was developed and validated to detect okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysis toxins (DTXs), which cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning. The performance characteristics of the test were investigated, in comparison to reference methods (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and/or bioassay), using both spiked and naturally contaminated shellfish. A portable reader was used to generate a qualitative result, indicating the absence or presence of OA-group toxins, at concentrations relevant to the maximum permitted level (MPL). Sample homogenates could be screened in 20 min (including extraction and assay time) for the presence of free toxins (OA, DTX1, DTX2). DTX3 detection could be included with the addition of a hydrolysis procedure. No matrix effects were observed from the species evaluated (mussels, scallops, oysters, and clams). Results from naturally contaminated samples (n = 72) indicated no false compliant results and no false noncompliant results at <50% MPL. Thus, the development of a new low-cost but highly effective tool for monitoring a range of important phycotoxins has been demonstrated.
Neogen Europe Limited, The Dairy School, Auchincruive, Ayr, KA6 5HU, Scotland, U.K.|Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University , David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K.
Waqass
W
Jawaid
Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University , David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K.
Julie P
JP
Meneely
Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University , David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K.
Katrina
K
Campbell
Neogen Europe Limited, The Dairy School, Auchincruive, Ayr, KA6 5HU, Scotland, U.K.
Karrie
K
Melville
Neogen Europe Limited, The Dairy School, Auchincruive, Ayr, KA6 5HU, Scotland, U.K.
Stephen J
SJ
Holmes
Neogen Corporation, 620 Lesher Place, Lansing, Michigan 48912, United States.
Jennifer
J
Rice
Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University , David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K.
Christopher T
CT
Elliott
D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000737:chemistry*; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000032:analysis*; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000032:analysis*; D010125:Ostreidae / Q000737:chemistry*; D049897:Pectinidae / Q000737:chemistry*; D012758:Shellfish / Q000032:analysis*
D008387:Marine Toxins; D019319:Okadaic Acid
diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP); dinophysis toxins (DTXs); lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA); marine biotoxins; okadaic acid (OA); phycotoxins; rapid tests; screening