Water Desalination with Wires.
We show the significant potential of water desalination using a novel capacitive wire-based technology in which anode/cathode wire pairs are constructed from coating a thin porous carbon electrode layer on top of electrically conducting rods (or wires). By alternately dipping an array of electrode pairs in freshwater with and in brine without an applied cell voltage, we create an ion adsorption/desorption cycle. We show experimentally how in six subsequent cycles we can reduce the salinity of 20 mM feed (brackish) water by a factor of 3, while application of a cation exchange membrane on the cathode wires makes the desalination factor increase to 4. Theoretical modeling rationalizes the experimental findings, and predicts that system performance can be significantly enhanced by material modifications. To treat large volumes of water, multiple stacks of wire pairs can be used simultaneously in a "merry-go-round" operational mode.
†Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Agora 1, 8934 CJ Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.|‡Department of Polymers and Carbon Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
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†Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Agora 1, 8934 CJ Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.|§Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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†Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Agora 1, 8934 CJ Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
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†Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Agora 1, 8934 CJ Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.|§Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Biesheuvel
electrostatic double layer theory; ion-exchange membranes; microporous carbon electrodes; supercapacitors; water desalination