Evaluation of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Dentists and Application of DMAIC Technique to Improve the Ergonomics at Dental Clinics and Meta-Analysis of Literature.
BACKGROUND
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) result in discomfort, pain and illness that can result in disruption or impairment of dental practice.


METHODS
A cross-sectional study consisting of 60 dentists was carried out to determine musculoskeletal work related pain in major cities of Northern India. The study was planned in two phases. In the first phase, the subjects were given questionnaire related to the musculoskeletal pain happened over the last twelve months. In the second phase of study, improvement was carried out by recommending the subjects to implement ergonomics at their workplace. After three months subjects were again approached and given questionnaire about the musculoskeletal disorders. DMAIC (define, measure, analyse, improve and control) methodology of six sigma strategy was used to access the MSDs. Chi-square test was used for the analysis and a p-value of less than or equal to 0.05 was considered statistically significant.


RESULTS
The overall prevalence of musculoskeletal problems in the present study was found to be 68.3%. After three months only 23 respondents applied ergonomics at their work place, prevalence of pain was reduced in neck from 47.8% to 21.7% out of total 23 respondents, shoulder pain 39.1% to 17.3%, pain in elbows from 26% to 21.7%, as well as in other locomotor organs. The p-value was significant with p <0.05.


CONCLUSIONS
MSD represents a major occupational health issue for dentists in India as well as worldwide and result revealed necessitates the need of workshops to create awareness of ergonomics as effective measures for reducing MSD among dentists.
Professor and Head, Department of Conservative and Endodontics, BJS Dental College and Hospital , Ludhiana, Punjab, India .
H S
HS
Bedi
Professor and Head, Department of Periodontics, RKDF Denttal College and Research Centre , Bhopal, M.P., India .
Ninad Joshirao
NJ
Moon
Professor and Head, Department of Periodontics, Shaheed Kartar Singh Dental College Sarabha , Ludhiana, Punjab, India .
Vineet
V
Bhatia
Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, MGSDC&RC Sri Ganganagar, India .
Gagandeep Kaur
GK
Sidhu
Reader, Department of Pedodontics, Career Dental College , Lucknow, India .
Nadia
N
Khan
Occupational health hazards; Six sigma methodology; Strain injuries