Risk Factors for Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection in a Southern Coastal Region of China.
OBJECTIVE
The objectives of the study were to identify dietary and medical risk factors for Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) infection in the coastal city Shenzhen in China.


METHODS
In April-October 2012, we conducted a case-control study in two hospitals in Shenzhen, China. Laboratory-confirmed VP cases (N = 83) were matched on age, sex, and other social factors to healthy controls (N = 249). Subjects were interviewed using a questionnaire on medical history; contact with seawater; clinical symptoms and outcome; travel history over the past week; and dietary history 3 days prior to onset. Laboratory tests were used to culture, serotype, and genotype VP strains. We used logistic regression to calculate the odds ratios for the association of VP infection with potential risk factors.


RESULTS
In multivariate analysis, VP infection was associated with having pre-existing chronic disease (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 6.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-23.7), eating undercooked seafood (aOR, 8.0; 95% CI, 1.3-50.4), eating undercooked meat (aOR, 29.1; 95% CI, 3.0-278.2), eating food from a street food vendor (aOR, 7.6; 95% CI, 3.3-17.6), and eating vegetable salad (aOR, 12.1; 95% CI, 5.2-28.2).


CONCLUSIONS
Eating raw (undercooked) seafood and meat is an important source of VP infection among the study population. Cross-contamination of VP in other food (e.g., vegetables and undercooked meat) likely plays a more important role. Intervention should be taken to lower the risks of cross-contamination with undercooked seafood/meat, especially targeted at people with low income, transient workers, and people with medical risk factors.
1 Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China .
Yuxue
Y
Liao
1 Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China .
Yinghui
Y
Li
2 International Emerging Infections Program, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing, People's Republic of China .|3 Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .
Shuyu
S
Wu
1 Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China .
Jin
J
Mou
4 Xixiang People's Hospital , Baoan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China .
Zengkang
Z
Xu
4 Xixiang People's Hospital , Baoan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China .
Rilin
R
Cui
2 International Emerging Infections Program, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing, People's Republic of China .|3 Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .
John D
JD
Klena
1 Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China .
Xiaolu
X
Shi
1 Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China .
Yan
Y
Lu
1 Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China .
Yaqun
Y
Qiu
1 Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China .
Yiman
Y
Lin
1 Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China .
Xu
X
Xie
1 Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China .
Hanwu
H
Ma
5 Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing, People's Republic of China .
Zhongjie
Z
Li
5 Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing, People's Republic of China .
Hongjie
H
Yu
3 Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .
Jay K
JK
Varma
5 Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing, People's Republic of China .
Lu
L
Ran
1 Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China .
Qinghua
Q
Hu
1 Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China .
Jinquan
J
Cheng
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D003296:Cooking; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005260:Female; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology / Q000506:poisoning; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D017747:Seafood / Q000382:microbiology / Q000506:poisoning; D012623:Seawater / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000382:microbiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014195:Travel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014675:Vegetables / Q000382:microbiology / Q000506:poisoning; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D014736:Vibrio parahaemolyticus; D055815:Young Adult