The Virus-Host Interplay: Biogenesis of +RNA Replication Complexes.
Positive-strand RNA (+RNA) viruses are an important group of human and animal pathogens that have significant global health and economic impacts. Notable members include West Nile virus, Dengue virus, Chikungunya, Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus and enteroviruses of the Picornaviridae family.Unfortunately, prophylactic and therapeutic treatments against these pathogens are limited. +RNA viruses have limited coding capacity and thus rely extensively on host factors for successful infection and propagation. A common feature among these viruses is their ability to dramatically modify cellular membranes to serve as platforms for genome replication and assembly of new virions. These viral replication complexes (VRCs) serve two main functions: To increase replication efficiency by concentrating critical factors and to protect the viral genome from host anti-viral systems. This review summarizes current knowledge of critical host factors recruited to or demonstrated to be involved in the biogenesis and stabilization of +RNA virus VRCs.
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada. crreid1@ualberta.ca.
Colleen R
CR
Reid
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada. airo@ualberta.ca.
Adriana M
AM
Airo
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada. tom.hobman@ualberta.ca.|Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada. tom.hobman@ualberta.ca.
Tom C
TC
Hobman
D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000821:virology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000502:physiology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014779:Virus Replication
D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D012367:RNA, Viral
+RNA viruses; host factors; membranes; replication complexes