Molecular Classification and Pharmacogenetics of Primary Plasma Cell Leukemia: An Initial Approach toward Precision Medicine.
Primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL) is a rare and aggressive variant of multiple myeloma (MM) which may represent a valid model for high-risk MM. This disease is associated with a very poor prognosis, and unfortunately, it has not significantly improved during the last three decades. New high-throughput technologies have allowed a better understanding of the molecular basis of this disease and moved toward risk stratification, providing insights for targeted therapy studies. This knowledge, added to the pharmacogenetic profile of new and old agents in the analysis of efficacy and safety, could contribute to help clinical decisions move toward a precision medicine and a better clinical outcome for these patients. In this review, we describe the available literature concerning the genomic characterization and pharmacogenetics of plasma cell leukemia (PCL).
Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, Reference Cancer Center of Basilicata, Scientific Institute of Hospitalization and Treatment, Rionero in Vulture 85028, Italy. Vittorio.simeon@crob.it.
Vittorio
V
Simeon
Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, Reference Cancer Center of Basilicata, Scientific Institute of Hospitalization and Treatment, Rionero in Vulture 85028, Italy. katiatodoerti@gmail.com.
Katia
K
Todoerti
Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, Reference Cancer Center of Basilicata, Scientific Institute of Hospitalization and Treatment, Rionero in Vulture 85028, Italy. francesco.larocca@crob.it.
Francesco
F
La Rocca
Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, Reference Cancer Center of Basilicata, Scientific Institute of Hospitalization and Treatment, Rionero in Vulture 85028, Italy. caivanoa@libero.it.
Antonella
A
Caivano
Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, Reference Cancer Center of Basilicata, Scientific Institute of Hospitalization and Treatment, Rionero in Vulture 85028, Italy. stefania.trino@crob.it.
Stefania
S
Trino
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan and Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy. marta.lionetti@unimi.it.
Marta
M
Lionetti
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan and Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy. luca.agnelli@gmail.com.
Luca
L
Agnelli
Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, Reference Cancer Center of Basilicata, Scientific Institute of Hospitalization and Treatment, Rionero in Vulture 85028, Italy. dr.luciana.deluca@gmail.com.
Luciana
L
De Luca
Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, Reference Cancer Center of Basilicata, Scientific Institute of Hospitalization and Treatment, Rionero in Vulture 85028, Italy. ilaria.laurenzana@crob.it.
Ilaria
I
Laurenzana
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan and Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy. antonino.neri@unimi.it.
Antonino
A
Neri
Scientific Direction, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture 85028, Italy. pellegrino.musto@crob.it.
Pellegrino
P
Musto
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007952:Leukemia, Plasma Cell / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D057285:Precision Medicine; D011379:Prognosis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins
molecular profiling; pharmacogenetics; plasma cell leukemia; precision medicine; risk stratification