Paths and determinants for Penicillium janthinellum to resist low and high copper.
Copper (Cu) tolerance was well understood in fungi yeasts but not in filamentous fungi. Filamentous fungi are eukaryotes but unlike eukaryotic fungi yeasts, which are a collection of various fungi that are maybe classified into different taxa but all characterized by growth as filamentous hyphae cells and with a complex morphology. The current knowledge of Cu resistance of filamentous fungi is still fragmental and therefore needs to be bridged. In this study, we characterized Cu resistance of Penicillium janthinellum strain GXCR and its Cu-resistance-decreasing mutants (EC-6 and UC-8), and conducted sequencing of a total of 6 transcriptomes from wild-type GXCR and mutant EC-6 grown under control and external Cu. Taken all the results together, Cu effects on the basal metabolism were directed to solute transport by two superfamilies of solute carrier and major facilitator, the buffering free CoA and Acyl-CoA pool in the peroxisome, F-type H(+)-transporting ATPases-based ATP production, V-type H(+)-transporting ATPases-based transmembrane transport, protein degradation, and alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs. Roles of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in resistance to low and high Cu were defined. The backbone paths, signaling systems, and determinants that involve resistance of filamentous fungi to high Cu were determined, discussed and outlined in a model.
State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Microbial and Plant Genetic Engineering; College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University; 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China.
Jian
J
Xu
State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Microbial and Plant Genetic Engineering; College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University; 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China.
Guo-Li
GL
Chen
State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Microbial and Plant Genetic Engineering; College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University; 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China.
Xue-Zhe
XZ
Sun
State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Microbial and Plant Genetic Engineering; College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University; 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China.
Xian-Wei
XW
Fan
State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Microbial and Plant Genetic Engineering; College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University; 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China.
Li
L
You-Zhi
D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D010407:Penicillium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D011392:Proline / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D059467:Transcriptome
D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D003300:Copper; D011392:Proline