Gene regulation of filaggrin and other skin barrier proteins via aryl hydrocarbon receptor.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that binds to structurally diverse chemicals including dioxins, coal tar, flavonoids and tryptophan photoproducts. Upon ligation, cytoplasmic AHR translocates to the nucleus, heterodimerizes with aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator and mediates numerous biological effects by inducing the transcription of various AHR-responsive genes such as epidermal barrier proteins. The activation of AHR usually generates oxidative stress. However, AHR also mediates antioxidant signaling by a plethora of ligands via nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2. Both oxidative and antioxidant ligands upregulate the expression of the filaggrin gene. We review the role of AHR signaling in the gene regulation of epidermal barrier proteins.
Department of Dermatology, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Division of Skin Surface Sensing, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. Electronic address: furue@dermatol.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
Masutaka
M
Furue
Department of Dermatology, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
Gaku
G
Tsuji
Department of Dermatology, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
Chikage
C
Mitoma
Department of Dermatology, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Division of Skin Surface Sensing, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
Takeshi
T
Nakahara
Department of Dermatology, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
Takahito
T
Chiba
Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
Saori
S
Morino-Koga
Department of Dermatology, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
Hiroshi
H
Uchi
D000818:Animals; D003033:Coal Tar / Q000633:toxicity; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity; D000091344:Filaggrin Proteins; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008290:Malassezia / Q000378:metabolism; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010539:Permeability; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000633:toxicity; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000633:toxicity; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
D004785:Environmental Pollutants; C000717249:FLG protein, human; D000091344:Filaggrin Proteins; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D064209:Phytochemicals; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; D003033:Coal Tar
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor; Barrier protein; Filaggrin; Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2; Reactive oxygen species