Developing a Tabletop Exercise to Test Community Resilience: Lessons from the Los Angeles County Community Disaster Resilience Project.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to develop and test a community resilience tabletop exercise to assess progress in community resilience and to provide an opportunity for quality improvement and capacity building.


METHODS
A tabletop exercise was developed for the Los Angeles County Community Disaster Resilience (LACCDR) project by using an extended heat wave scenario with health and infrastructure consequences. The tabletop was administered to preparedness only (control) and resilience (intervention) coalitions during the summer of 2014. Each exercise lasted approximately 2 hours. The coalitions and LACCDR study team members independently rated each exercise to assess 4 resilience levers (partnership, engagement, self-sufficiency, and education). Resilience coalitions received more detailed feedback in the form of recommendations for improvement.


RESULTS
The resilience coalitions performed the same or better than the preparedness coalitions on the partnership and self-sufficiency levers. Most coalitions did not have enough (both quantity and type) of the partner organizations needed for an escalating heat wave or changing conditions or enough engagement of organizations representing at-risk populations. Coalitions also lacked educational materials to cover topics as far ranging as heat to power outages to psychological impacts of disaster.


CONCLUSIONS
A tabletop exercise can be used to stress and test resilience-based capacities, with particular attention to a community's ability to leverage a range of partnerships and other assets to confront a slowly evolving but multifactorial emergency.
1Department of Justice,Infrastructure, and Environment,RAND Corporation,Arlington,Virginia.
Anita
A
Chandra
2Department of Behavioral and Policy Sciences,RAND Corporation,Santa Monica,California.
Malcolm V
MV
Williams
2Department of Behavioral and Policy Sciences,RAND Corporation,Santa Monica,California.
Christian
C
Lopez
3Department of Public Health,University of California,Los Angeles,California.
Jennifer
J
Tang
4Los Angeles County Department of Public Health and the David Geffen School of Medicine and Fielding School of Public Health,University of California,Los Angeles,California.
David
D
Eisenman
5Los Angeles County Department of Public Health,Los Angeles,California.
Aizita
A
Magana
D057191:Capacity Building / Q000458:organization & administration; D003154:Community Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D054597:Disaster Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D004189:Disaster Planning / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015141:Los Angeles; D054527:Mass Casualty Incidents; D016730:Program Development / Q000379:methods
coalition; community resilience; disaster response; exercise; tabletop