Novel somatic mutations and distinct molecular signature in aldosterone-producing adenomas.
Aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) are found in 1.5-3.0% of hypertensive patients in primary care and can be cured by surgery. Elucidation of genetic events may improve our understanding of these tumors and ultimately improve patient care. Approximately 40% of APAs harbor a missense mutation in the KCNJ5 gene. More recently, somatic mutations in CACNA1D, ATP1A1 and ATP2B3, also important for membrane potential/intracellular Ca(2) (+) regulation, were observed in APAs. In this study, we analyzed 165 APAs for mutations in selected regions of these genes. We then correlated mutational findings with clinical and molecular phenotype using transcriptome analysis, immunohistochemistry and semiquantitative PCR. Somatic mutations in CACNA1D in 3.0% (one novel mutation), ATP1A1 in 6.1% (six novel mutations) and ATP2B3 in 3.0% (two novel mutations) were detected. All observed mutations were located in previously described hotspot regions. Patients with tumors harboring mutations in CACNA1D, ATP1A1 and ATP2B3 were operated at an older age, were more often male and had tumors that were smaller than those in patients with KCNJ5 mutated tumors. Microarray transcriptome analysis segregated KCNJ5 mutated tumors from ATP1A1/ATP2B3 mutated tumors and those without mutation. We observed significant transcription upregulation of CYP11B2, as well as the previously described glomerulosa-specific gene NPNT, in ATP1A1/ATP2B3 mutated tumors compared to KCNJ5 mutated tumors. In summary, we describe novel somatic mutations in proteins regulating the membrane potential/intracellular Ca(2) (+) levels, and also a distinct mRNA and clinical signature, dependent on genetic alteration.
Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismRostock University Medical Center, GermanyGeneralVisceral and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyUniversity of SydneyEndocrine Surgical Unit and Cancer Genetics, Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine IUniversity of Lübeck, University Hospital, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of GeneralVisceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, GermanyDepartment of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryEndocrine Surgery Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of ImmunologyGenetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenKlinik für Chirurgie und Zentrum für Minimal Invasive ChirurgieKliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany tobias.akerstrom@surgsci.uu.se.
Tobias
T
Åkerström
Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismRostock University Medical Center, GermanyGeneralVisceral and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyUniversity of SydneyEndocrine Surgical Unit and Cancer Genetics, Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine IUniversity of Lübeck, University Hospital, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of GeneralVisceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, GermanyDepartment of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryEndocrine Surgery Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of ImmunologyGenetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenKlinik für Chirurgie und Zentrum für Minimal Invasive ChirurgieKliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany.
Holger Sven
HS
Willenberg
Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismRostock University Medical Center, GermanyGeneralVisceral and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyUniversity of SydneyEndocrine Surgical Unit and Cancer Genetics, Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine IUniversity of Lübeck, University Hospital, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of GeneralVisceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, GermanyDepartment of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryEndocrine Surgery Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of ImmunologyGenetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenKlinik für Chirurgie und Zentrum für Minimal Invasive ChirurgieKliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany.
Kenko
K
Cupisti
Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismRostock University Medical Center, GermanyGeneralVisceral and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyUniversity of SydneyEndocrine Surgical Unit and Cancer Genetics, Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine IUniversity of Lübeck, University Hospital, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of GeneralVisceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, GermanyDepartment of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryEndocrine Surgery Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of ImmunologyGenetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenKlinik für Chirurgie und Zentrum für Minimal Invasive ChirurgieKliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany.
Julian
J
Ip
Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismRostock University Medical Center, GermanyGeneralVisceral and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyUniversity of SydneyEndocrine Surgical Unit and Cancer Genetics, Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine IUniversity of Lübeck, University Hospital, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of GeneralVisceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, GermanyDepartment of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryEndocrine Surgery Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of ImmunologyGenetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenKlinik für Chirurgie und Zentrum für Minimal Invasive ChirurgieKliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany.
Samuel
S
Backman
Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismRostock University Medical Center, GermanyGeneralVisceral and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyUniversity of SydneyEndocrine Surgical Unit and Cancer Genetics, Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine IUniversity of Lübeck, University Hospital, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of GeneralVisceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, GermanyDepartment of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryEndocrine Surgery Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of ImmunologyGenetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenKlinik für Chirurgie und Zentrum für Minimal Invasive ChirurgieKliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany.
Ana
A
Moser
Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismRostock University Medical Center, GermanyGeneralVisceral and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyUniversity of SydneyEndocrine Surgical Unit and Cancer Genetics, Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine IUniversity of Lübeck, University Hospital, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of GeneralVisceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, GermanyDepartment of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryEndocrine Surgery Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of ImmunologyGenetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenKlinik für Chirurgie und Zentrum für Minimal Invasive ChirurgieKliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany.
Rajani
R
Maharjan
Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismRostock University Medical Center, GermanyGeneralVisceral and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyUniversity of SydneyEndocrine Surgical Unit and Cancer Genetics, Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine IUniversity of Lübeck, University Hospital, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of GeneralVisceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, GermanyDepartment of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryEndocrine Surgery Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of ImmunologyGenetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenKlinik für Chirurgie und Zentrum für Minimal Invasive ChirurgieKliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany.
Bruce
B
Robinson
Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismRostock University Medical Center, GermanyGeneralVisceral and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyUniversity of SydneyEndocrine Surgical Unit and Cancer Genetics, Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine IUniversity of Lübeck, University Hospital, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of GeneralVisceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, GermanyDepartment of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryEndocrine Surgery Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of ImmunologyGenetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenKlinik für Chirurgie und Zentrum für Minimal Invasive ChirurgieKliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany.
K Alexander
KA
Iwen
Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismRostock University Medical Center, GermanyGeneralVisceral and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyUniversity of SydneyEndocrine Surgical Unit and Cancer Genetics, Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine IUniversity of Lübeck, University Hospital, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of GeneralVisceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, GermanyDepartment of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryEndocrine Surgery Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of ImmunologyGenetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenKlinik für Chirurgie und Zentrum für Minimal Invasive ChirurgieKliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany.
Henning
H
Dralle
Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismRostock University Medical Center, GermanyGeneralVisceral and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyUniversity of SydneyEndocrine Surgical Unit and Cancer Genetics, Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine IUniversity of Lübeck, University Hospital, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of GeneralVisceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, GermanyDepartment of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryEndocrine Surgery Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of ImmunologyGenetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenKlinik für Chirurgie und Zentrum für Minimal Invasive ChirurgieKliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany.
Cristina
C
D Volpe
Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismRostock University Medical Center, GermanyGeneralVisceral and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyUniversity of SydneyEndocrine Surgical Unit and Cancer Genetics, Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine IUniversity of Lübeck, University Hospital, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of GeneralVisceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, GermanyDepartment of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryEndocrine Surgery Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of ImmunologyGenetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenKlinik für Chirurgie und Zentrum für Minimal Invasive ChirurgieKliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany.
Martin
M
Bäckdahl
Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismRostock University Medical Center, GermanyGeneralVisceral and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyUniversity of SydneyEndocrine Surgical Unit and Cancer Genetics, Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine IUniversity of Lübeck, University Hospital, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of GeneralVisceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, GermanyDepartment of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryEndocrine Surgery Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of ImmunologyGenetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenKlinik für Chirurgie und Zentrum für Minimal Invasive ChirurgieKliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany.
Johan
J
Botling
Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismRostock University Medical Center, GermanyGeneralVisceral and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyUniversity of SydneyEndocrine Surgical Unit and Cancer Genetics, Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine IUniversity of Lübeck, University Hospital, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of GeneralVisceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, GermanyDepartment of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryEndocrine Surgery Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of ImmunologyGenetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenKlinik für Chirurgie und Zentrum für Minimal Invasive ChirurgieKliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany.
Peter
P
Stålberg
Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismRostock University Medical Center, GermanyGeneralVisceral and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyUniversity of SydneyEndocrine Surgical Unit and Cancer Genetics, Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine IUniversity of Lübeck, University Hospital, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of GeneralVisceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, GermanyDepartment of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryEndocrine Surgery Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of ImmunologyGenetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenKlinik für Chirurgie und Zentrum für Minimal Invasive ChirurgieKliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany.
Gunnar
G
Westin
Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismRostock University Medical Center, GermanyGeneralVisceral and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyUniversity of SydneyEndocrine Surgical Unit and Cancer Genetics, Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine IUniversity of Lübeck, University Hospital, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of GeneralVisceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, GermanyDepartment of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryEndocrine Surgery Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of ImmunologyGenetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenKlinik für Chirurgie und Zentrum für Minimal Invasive ChirurgieKliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany.
Martin K
MK
Walz
Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismRostock University Medical Center, GermanyGeneralVisceral and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyUniversity of SydneyEndocrine Surgical Unit and Cancer Genetics, Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine IUniversity of Lübeck, University Hospital, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of GeneralVisceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, GermanyDepartment of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryEndocrine Surgery Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of ImmunologyGenetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenKlinik für Chirurgie und Zentrum für Minimal Invasive ChirurgieKliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany.
Hendrik
H
Lehnert
Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismRostock University Medical Center, GermanyGeneralVisceral and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyUniversity of SydneyEndocrine Surgical Unit and Cancer Genetics, Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine IUniversity of Lübeck, University Hospital, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of GeneralVisceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, GermanyDepartment of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryEndocrine Surgery Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of ImmunologyGenetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenKlinik für Chirurgie und Zentrum für Minimal Invasive ChirurgieKliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany.
Stan
S
Sidhu
Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismRostock University Medical Center, GermanyGeneralVisceral and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyUniversity of SydneyEndocrine Surgical Unit and Cancer Genetics, Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine IUniversity of Lübeck, University Hospital, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of GeneralVisceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, GermanyDepartment of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryEndocrine Surgery Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of ImmunologyGenetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenKlinik für Chirurgie und Zentrum für Minimal Invasive ChirurgieKliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany.
Jan
J
Zedenius
Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismRostock University Medical Center, GermanyGeneralVisceral and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyUniversity of SydneyEndocrine Surgical Unit and Cancer Genetics, Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine IUniversity of Lübeck, University Hospital, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of GeneralVisceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, GermanyDepartment of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryEndocrine Surgery Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of ImmunologyGenetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenKlinik für Chirurgie und Zentrum für Minimal Invasive ChirurgieKliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany.
Peyman
P
Björklund
Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismRostock University Medical Center, GermanyGeneralVisceral and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyUniversity of SydneyEndocrine Surgical Unit and Cancer Genetics, Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine IUniversity of Lübeck, University Hospital, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of GeneralVisceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, GermanyDepartment of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryEndocrine Surgery Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of ImmunologyGenetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenKlinik für Chirurgie und Zentrum für Minimal Invasive ChirurgieKliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany.
Per
P
Hellman
D000306:Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018246:Adrenocortical Adenoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D006929:Hyperaldosteronism / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010641:Phenotype; D053499:Plasma Membrane Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000235:genetics
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C472073:CACNA1D protein, human; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D000450:Aldosterone; C499076:ATP1A1 protein, human; D053499:Plasma Membrane Calcium-Transporting ATPases; C506962:ATP2B3 protein, human; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase
ATP1A1; CACNA1D; KCNJ5; aldosterone-producing adenoma; primary aldosteronism