Extreme variation in patterns of tandem repeats in mitochondrial control region of yellow-browed tits (Sylviparus modestus, Paridae).
To investigate the evolutionary pattern and origins of tandem repeats in the mitochondrial control region of the yellow-browed tit (Sylviparus modestus), the control region and another four mitochondrial loci from fifteen individuals were analyzed. A 117-bp tandem repeat unit that repeated once, twice or three times in different individuals was found, and a rarely reported arrangement for this tandem repeats region that a 5' imperfect copy at its downstream and a 3' imperfect copy at its upstream was observed. The haplotype network, phylogenetic trees, and ancestral state reconstruction of the combined dataset of five loci suggested multiple origins of the same repeat number. The turnover model via slipped-strand mispairing was introduced to interpret the results, because mispairing occurred so frequently that multiple origins of certain repeat number were observed. Insertion via recombination should be a better explanation for the origin of this tandem repeat unit, considering characteristics of the combined sequence of the 3' and 5' imperfect copy, including identification of its homolog in other passerines and its predicted secondary structure.
Co-Innovation Center for Qinba regions' sustainable development, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 199, South Chang'an Road, Xi'an 710062, China.
Xiaoyang
X
Wang
Co-Innovation Center for Qinba regions' sustainable development, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 199, South Chang'an Road, Xi'an 710062, China.
Nian
N
Liu
College of Life Science, Datong University, Xingyun Street, Datong 037009, China.
Hongli
H
Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 32, Jiaochang East Road, Kunming 650223, China.
Xiao-Jun
XJ
Yang
Co-Innovation Center for Qinba regions' sustainable development, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 199, South Chang'an Road, Xi'an 710062, China.
Yuan
Y
Huang
1] Co-Innovation Center for Qinba regions' sustainable development, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 199, South Chang'an Road, Xi'an 710062, China [2] Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
Fumin
F
Lei
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D019992:Databases as Topic; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D046109:Passeriformes / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D020080:Tandem Repeat Sequences / Q000235:genetics*