Steady-state BOLD Response to Higher-order Cognition Modulates Low-Frequency Neural Oscillations.
Steady-state responses (SSRs) reflect the synchronous neural oscillations evoked by noninvasive and consistently repeated stimuli at the fundamental or harmonic frequencies. The steady-state evoked potentials (SSEPs; the representative form of the SSRs) have been widely used in the cognitive and clinical neurosciences and brain-computer interface research. However, the steady-state evoked potentials have limitations in examining high-frequency neural oscillations and basic cognition. In addition, synchronous neural oscillations in the low frequency range (<1 Hz) and in higher-order cognition have received a little attention. Therefore, we examined the SSRs in the low frequency range using a new index, the steady-state BOLD responses (SSBRs) evoked by semantic stimuli. Our results revealed that the significant SSBRs were induced at the fundamental frequency of stimuli and the first harmonic in task-related regions, suggesting the enhanced variability of neural oscillations entrained by exogenous stimuli. The SSBRs were independent of neurovascular coupling and characterized by sensorimotor bias, an indication of regional-dependent neuroplasticity. Furthermore, the amplitude of SSBRs may predict behavioral performance and show the psychophysiological relevance. Our findings provide valuable insights into the understanding of the SSRs evoked by higher-order cognition and how the SSRs modulate low-frequency neural oscillations.
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China.
Yi-Feng
YF
Wang
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China.
Gang-Shu
GS
Dai
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China.|Tianjin Medical University General Hospital.
Feng
F
Liu
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China.
Zhi-Liang
ZL
Long
Shenzhen University.
Jin H
JH
Yan
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China.
Hua-Fu
HF
Chen
D000293:Adolescent; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D058256:Brain Waves / Q000502:physiology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D032882:Comprehension / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D010507:Periodicity; D011930:Reaction Time; D011932:Reading; D012660:Semantics; D055815:Young Adult
D010100:Oxygen