OBESITY PHENOTYPES IN URBAN MIDDLE-CLASS COHORTS; THE PRIT-LINDAVISTA MERGING EVIDENCE IN MEXICO: THE OPUS PRIME STUDY.
OBJECTIVE
even though overweight and obesity (O/O) are stated diseases, there is still a claim for a so-called "healthy obese" phenotype. Only few reports have explored the presence of different metabolic phenotypes along the body mass index (BMI) range and their corresponding associations to cardiovascular risks.


METHODS
as of BMI, and according to the presence of metabolic syndrome (MS) features (waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glycemia, and lipid profile), phenotypes were determined. Cardiovascular risk was estimated with atherogenic quotients: total cholesterol/ HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c and the triglycerides (TG)/HDL-c index.


RESULTS
in 8 405 mexican adults, 36% lean, 43% overweighed and 21% obese, nine phenotypes were identified: for each weight category there were subjects with normal metabolism (none MS factors), intermediate (≤ 2) and dysmetabolic (≥ 3). Only 10.8% of O/O had normal metabolism, and 5.8% of the lean persons were dysmetabolic. Atherogenic risk was higher in dysmetabolic obese persons, but the risk was high among all dysmetabolic people, independently of the weight status. TG/HDL-c showed the same trend.


CONCLUSIONS
elevated cardiometabolic risk derives from the high prevalence of O/O. A great proportion of non-obese people have intermediate dysmetabolism. A genetic predisposition to obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes and dyslipidemia in Mexican population is blended to an unhealthy lifestyle, yielding to a catastrophic epidemic of diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.
Unidad de Factores de Riesgo Cardiovascular del Servicio de Cardiología del Hospital General de México, Secretaría de Salud, México, D.F.. gceballosreyes@yahoo.com.mx.
Guillermo
G
Fanghänel-Salmón
Laboratorio de Investigación Integral Cardiometabólica, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de la Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, D.F.. gceballosreyes@yahoo.com.mx.
Gabriela
G
Gutiérrez-Salmeán
Unidad Cardiovascular, Hospital Regional "Primero de Octubre" del ISSSTE, México, D.F.. gceballosreyes@yahoo.com.mx.
Virginia
V
Samaniego
Unidad Cardiovascular, Hospital Regional "Primero de Octubre" del ISSSTE, México, D.F.. gceballosreyes@yahoo.com.mx.
Alejandra
A
Meaney
Unidad de Factores de Riesgo Cardiovascular del Servicio de Cardiología del Hospital General de México, Secretaría de Salud, México, D.F.. gceballosreyes@yahoo.com.mx.
Leticia
L
Sánchez-Reyes
Laboratorio de Investigación Integral Cardiometabólica, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de la Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, D.F.. gceballosreyes@yahoo.com.mx.
Ulises
U
Navarrete
Cátedra Ignacio Chávez. Hospital General de México. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF. México.. gceballosreyes@yahoo.com.mx.
Luis
L
Alcocer
Laboratorio de Investigación Integral Cardiometabólica, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de la Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, D.F.. gceballosreyes@yahoo.com.mx.
Ivonne
I
Olivares-Corichi
Laboratorio de Investigación Integral Cardiometabólica, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de la Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, D.F.. gceballosreyes@yahoo.com.mx.
Nayeli
N
Najera
Laboratorio de Investigación Integral Cardiometabólica, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de la Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, D.F.. gceballosreyes@yahoo.com.mx.
Guillermo
G
Ceballos
Laboratorio de Investigación Integral Cardiometabólica, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de la Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, D.F.. gceballosreyes@yahoo.com.mx.
Eduardo
E
Meaney
D000886:Anthropometry; D015415:Biomarkers; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology; D010641:Phenotype; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012306:Risk; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014505:Urban Population
D015415:Biomarkers; D008055:Lipids