FISH OIL AND VITAMIN E CHANGE LIPID PROFILES AND ANTI-LDL-ANTIBODIES IN TWO DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS OF WOMEN TRANSITIONING THROUGH MENOPAUSE.
BACKGROUND
studies have investigated the relationship between the transition through menopause and cardiovascular diseases. White population, generally, have lower levels of traditional coronary heart risk factors, particularly dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes, and lower rates of coronary heart disease mortality, than black population. Furthermore many studies have shown the cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) of marine origin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of omega-3 supplementation, combined or not with vitamin E, on oxidative biomarkers and lipid profiles in nonwhite and white women with dyslipidemia transitioning through menopause.


METHODS
a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted. Seventy-four eligible women were assigned to receive: fish oil, fish oil plus vitamin E and placebo for three months. At baseline, 45 and 90 days blood sample for biochemical variables and biomarkers of oxidative stress were taken. Socioeconomic and lifestyle variables were collected with standardized questionnaires.


RESULTS
after 90 days the fish oil plus vitamin E treated group had a significant decrease in total cholesterol and LDL-C. Furthermore, there was a decrease in anti- LDL- autoantibodies after 45 days. Plasma TBARS concentrations were increased after 90 days in the group receiving only fish oil when compared to the placebo and fish oil-vitamin E groups. All of the effects observed were independent of ethnic group.


CONCLUSIONS
supplementation with fish oil and vitamin E reduced total cholesterol and LDL-C, but had opposite effects on oxidative stress compared to supplementation with fish oil alone.
Department of Nutrition. School of Public Health. University of São Paulo (USP).. lianialuzia@usp.br.
Liania
L
Alves Luzia
Department of Mother and Child Health. School of Public Health. University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil.. lianialuzia@usp.br.
José
J
Mendes Aldrighi
Department of Nutrition. School of Public Health. University of São Paulo (USP).. lianialuzia@usp.br.
Nágila Raquel
NR
Teixeira Damasceno
Department of Nutrition. School of Public Health. University of São Paulo (USP).. genirsampaio@gmail.com.
Geni
G
Rodrigues Sampaio
Department of Nutrition. School of Public Health. University of São Paulo (USP).. rosanaso@usp.br.
Rosana
R
Aparecida Manólio Soares
Department of Nutrition. School of Public Health. University of São Paulo (USP).. lianialuzia@usp.br.
Isis
I
Tande Silva
Department of Nutrition. School of Public Health. University of São Paulo (USP).. lianialuzia@usp.br.
Ana Paula
AP
De Queiroz Mello
Department of Nutrition. School of Public Health. University of São Paulo (USP).. aafc7@hotmail.com.
Antonio Augusto
AA
Ferreira Carioca
Department of Nutrition. School of Public Health. University of São Paulo (USP).. lianialuzia@usp.br.
Elizabeth Aparecida
EA
Ferraz da Silva Torres
D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000276:immunology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008593:Menopause / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage*
D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D005395:Fish Oils; D008055:Lipids; D014810:Vitamin E