T cell metabolism and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases.
During an immune response, T cell differentiation and function are tightly regulated to ensure protection against pathogens and prevent the autoimmune attack versus self-antigens. It is now established that cellular activation is coupled to profound changes in cellular metabolism. Indeed, pathways that control immune cell function and metabolism are intimately related, and different metabolic programs have been shown to control specific T cell fate. This review aims to provide an integrated view of T cell metabolism and of the molecular pathways controlling an appropriate T cell receptor (TCR) engagement. We describe here how different aspects of metabolism can influence T cell functions, focusing on the emerging role of the key metabolic pathways regulating T cell activation and their alterations in different autoimmune conditions. Manipulating these programs or their substrates could provide insights into mechanisms involved in inflammatory/autoimmune conditions, unveiling the potential for developing novel therapeutic approaches to treat these diseases.
Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Napoli 80131, Italy.
Mario
M
Galgani
Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Napoli 80131, Italy; Unità di NeuroImmunologia, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma 00143, Italy.
Veronica
V
De Rosa
Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Salerno, Baronissi Campus, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano 20138, Italy. Electronic address: gmatarese@unisa.it.
Giuseppe
G
Matarese
D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000276:immunology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
Autoimmunity; Immune tolerance; Metabolism; T cell activation