Three dimensional de novo micro bone marrow and its versatile application in drug screening and regenerative medicine.
The finding that bone marrow hosts several types of multipotent stem cell has prompted extensive research aimed at regenerating organs and building models to elucidate the mechanisms of diseases. Conventional research depends on the use of two-dimensional (2D) bone marrow systems, which imposes several obstacles. The development of 3D bone marrow systems with appropriate molecules and materials however, is now showing promising results. In this review, we discuss the advantages of 3D bone marrow systems over 2D systems and then point out various factors that can enhance the 3D systems. The intensive research on 3D bone marrow systems has revealed multiple important clinical applications including disease modeling, drug screening, regenerative medicine, etc. We also discuss some possible future directions in the 3D bone marrow research field.
Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13202, USA.
Guanqun
G
Li
Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13202, USA.
Xujun
X
Liu
Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13202, USA.
Qian
Q
Du
Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13202, USA SUNY Upstate Cancer Research Institute, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13202, USA.
Mei
M
Gao
Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13202, USA SUNY Upstate Cancer Research Institute, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13202, USA anji@upstate.edu.
Jing
J
An
D000818:Animals; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000378:metabolism*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D039902:Multipotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000379:methods*
Three dimension; bone marrow; computational model; disease modeling; regenerative medicine; scaffold; stem cell