Type 2 diabetes is associated with postprandial amino acid measures.
Most studies examining the association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and amino acids have focused on fasting concentrations. We hypothesized that, besides fasting concentrations, amino acid responses to a standardized meal challenge are also associated with T2D. In a cross-sectional study of 525 participants (165 newly-diagnosed T2D, 186 newly-diagnosed impaired fasting glycaemia, and 174 normal fasting glucose), we examined postprandial amino acid concentrations and the responses (defined as the concentrations and responses 150 min after a standardized meal) of fourteen amino acids in relation to T2D. T2D was associated with lower postprandial concentration of seven amino acids compared to the normal fasting glucose group (lowest effect estimate for serine: -0.54 standard deviations (SD) (95% CI: -0.77, -0.32)), and higher concentrations of phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine and (iso-)leucine (highest effect estimate for (iso-)leucine: 0.44 SD (95% CI: 0.20, 0.67)). Regarding the meal responses, T2D was associated with lower responses of seven amino acids (ranging from -0.55 SD ((95% CI): -0.78, -0.33) for serine to -0.25 SD ((95% CI: -0.45, -0.02) for ornithine). We conclude that T2D is associated with postprandial concentrations of amino acids and a reduced amino acid meal response, indicating that these measures may also be potential markers of T2D.
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Epidemiology Section, BESC Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: d.o.mook@lumc.nl.
Dennis O
DO
Mook-Kanamori
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Renée
R
de Mutsert
Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Patrick C N
PC
Rensen
Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
Cornelia
C
Prehn
Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany; Lehrstul für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
Jerzy
J
Adamski
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Martin
M
den Heijer
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Saskia
S
le Cessie
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College - Qatar, Doha, Qatar; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Karsten
K
Suhre
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Frits R
FR
Rosendaal
Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Ko Willems
KW
van Dijk
D000328:Adult; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002331:Carnitine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012890:Sleep
D000596:Amino Acids; D015415:Biomarkers; C116917:acylcarnitine; D002331:Carnitine
Amino acids; Epidemiology; Meal response; Metabolomics; Type 2 diabetes