Chronic hyperglycemia increases the risk of lateral epicondylitis: the Locomotive Syndrome and Health Outcome in Aizu Cohort Study (LOHAS).
BACKGROUND
Although humeral epicondylitis is a common health problem, there have been no reports that describe its prevalence in Japanese general population, and relatively little is known about its etiology and associated risk factors.


OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to clarify the prevalence of humeral epicondilitis in Japanese general population, and investigate the associated risk factors using the data from a cross-sectional study of the Locomotive Syndrome and Health Outcome in Aizu Cohort Study (LOHAS).


METHODS
A total of 1,777 participants who participated in health checkups conducted at rural area in Japan in 2010 were enrolled. The prevalence of lateral and medial epicondylitis was investigated. Logistic regression models were performed to examine the relationship between lateral epicondylitis and correlated factors such as occupational status, smoking and alcohol preferences, and medical characteristics.


RESULTS
The overall prevalence of lateral and medial epicondylitis was 2.5 % and 0.3 %, respectively. A shortened version of the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (The QuickDASH) score was significantly higher in subjects with lateral epicondylitis than in those without (15.0 ± 12.7 vs 8.5 ± 11.1). Subjects with definite chronic hyperglycemia (HbA1c ≥ 6.5) showed a 3.37-times higher risk of lateral epicondylitis than those with favorable glycemic control (HbA1c < 5.5) (95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.16-8.56). Age and sex, as well as occupational status, smoking and alcohol preference, and other metabolic factors were not significantly related to higher risk of lateral epicondylitis.


CONCLUSIONS
Lateral epicondylitis influences activities of daily living. Chronic hyperglycemia might be one of the risk factor for lateral epicondylitis.


CONCLUSIONS
Chronic hyperglycemia is significantly associated with lateral epicondylitis.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295 Japan.
Kenichi
K
Otoshi
Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiologic Informatics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1, Fujishirodai, Suita City, Osaka 565-8565 Japan.
Misa
M
Takegami
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295 Japan.
Miho
M
Sekiguchi
Institute for Health Outcomes and Process Evaluation Research (iHope International), 513, Nijosagaruakinonomachi, Karasumadori, Chukyoku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 604-084 Japan.
Yoshihiro
Y
Onishi
Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8507 Japan.
Shin
S
Yamazaki
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295 Japan.
Koji
K
Otani
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295 Japan.
Hiroaki
H
Shishido
Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8507 Japan.
Shunichi
S
Fukuhara
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295 Japan.
Shinichi
S
Kikuchi
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295 Japan.
Shinichi
S
Konno