Lipid nanocapsules as a new delivery system in copepods: Toxicity studies and optical imaging.
In this paper, we investigated the potential of lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) as a delivery system of small hydrophobic molecules, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) - pyrene, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, in the copepod Acartia tonsa. The LNCs were produced by a phase inversion process with a nominal size of 50 nm. These nanocapsules were obtained without organic solvent and with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. The PAHs-LNCs displayed a stable monodisperse size distribution and a good stability in sea water for 7 days. By using fluorescent LNCs, it was possible to evidence LNCs ingestion by the copepods using confocal laser scanning microscopy. While blank LNCs are not toxic to copepods at tested concentrations, PAH-loaded LNCs were found to be very toxic on A. tonsa with a high mortality rate reaching 95% after 72 h exposure to 200 nM pyrene-loaded LNCs. On the other hand, when acetone is used to dissolve an equivalent concentration of PAHs in sea water, the copepod mortality is 10 times lower than using LNCs as nano-delivery system. This confirms the efficiency of using LNCs to deliver molecules directly in the gut or copepod carapace. The small size and non toxicity of these delivery nano-systems make them suitable for drug delivery to copepods.
Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN), UMR CNRS 8520, Université Lille 1, Avenue Poincaré - BP 60069, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, UMR CNRS 8187 LOG, Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies, Station Marine de Wimereux, 28 Avenue Foch, 62930 Wimereux, France; Plate-Forme d'Innovation Nouvelles Vagues, 15/17 Rue Magenta, 62200 Boulogne sur Mer, France.
Stefka
S
Stancheva
Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, UMR CNRS 8187 LOG, Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies, Station Marine de Wimereux, 28 Avenue Foch, 62930 Wimereux, France.
Anissa
A
Souissi
Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN), UMR CNRS 8520, Université Lille 1, Avenue Poincaré - BP 60069, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, UMR CNRS 8187 LOG, Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies, Station Marine de Wimereux, 28 Avenue Foch, 62930 Wimereux, France.
Ali
A
Ibrahim
Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN), UMR CNRS 8520, Université Lille 1, Avenue Poincaré - BP 60069, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
Alexandre
A
Barras
Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), Université Lille 1, CNRS UMR 8576, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
Corentin
C
Spriet
Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, UMR CNRS 8187 LOG, Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies, Station Marine de Wimereux, 28 Avenue Foch, 62930 Wimereux, France. Electronic address: sami.souissi@univ-lille1.fr.
Sami
S
Souissi
Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN), UMR CNRS 8520, Université Lille 1, Avenue Poincaré - BP 60069, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France. Electronic address: rabah.boukherroub@iemn.univ-lille1.fr.
Rabah
R
Boukherroub
D000096:Acetone / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D033342:Copepoda; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004355:Drug Stability; D005079:Excipients; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D010316:Particle Size; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D018675:Toxicity Tests
D005079:Excipients; D008055:Lipids; D053769:Nanocapsules; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D000096:Acetone
Acartia tonsa; Copepods; Encapsulation; Imaging; Lipid nanocapsules (LNCs); Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); Toxicity