Metabolic syndrome and risk of major coronary events among the urban diabetic patients: North Indian Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Study-NIDCVD-2.
OBJECTIVE
The present study aimed at estimating the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and prospectively, evaluating cardiovascular events among Asian Indians type 2 diabetic subjects.


METHODS
The sample comprised 1522 type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) subjects aged 25-91years, who participated in the North Indian Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Study (NIDCVD). The participants were screened for hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity and cardiovascular events. Anthropometric, clinical and biochemical measurements were done in all subjects. The prevalence of MetS was estimated in all the subjects according to the harmonized criteria of 2009.


RESULTS
The prevalence of MetS among urban Indian diabetic subjects was 71.9% and was significantly higher in females (86%) as compared to males (57.9%). To determine the independent predictors of the MetS in diabetic sample, binary logistic regression analyses were performed using demographic and biochemical parameters. Significant differences in the indices of generalized and abdominal obesity and lipids (total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein) were observed (p<0.01) in male:female and MetS and non-MetS comparisons. Regression analysis for prediction of CAD showed that family history, age, body mass index (BMI), SBP, physical inactivity and hypertension independently and significantly predicted the disease outcome. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that MetS may be an independent risk/predictor of CAD (odd ratio (OR)=3.44, CI 1.31-9.01, p=0.012) along with higher age groups, BMI and hypertension in Indian population.


CONCLUSIONS
The study demonstrated that the high prevalence of MetS and its different components were positively associated with a higher risk of CAD in north Indian diabetic subjects. Nevertheless, MetS is a major health problem in India, comprehensive population studies are warranted for estimation of incidence and prevalence, and education should be provided on its prevention and control to reduce the diabetes-related morbidity and mortality.
UGC Centre of Excellence in Applications of Nanomaterials, Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014, India.
Gurjit Kaur
GK
Bhatti
Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India.
Sanjay Kumar
SK
Bhadada
Department of Cardiology, Advanced Cardiac Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India.
Rajesh
R
Vijayvergiya
School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Centre for Global Health and Human Development, Human Genetics Lab, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE113TU, UK.
Sarabjit Singh
SS
Mastana
Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Sector 26, Chandigarh 160019, India; Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014, India. Electronic address: jasvinderbhatti@yahoo.com.
Jasvinder Singh
JS
Bhatti
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D058065:Diabetic Cardiomyopathies / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D014504:Urban Health / Q000208:ethnology
Asian Indians; CAD; Harmonized criteria of metabolic syndrome; Metabolic syndrome; Type 2 diabetes