Hepatitis delta virus: From biological and medical aspects to current and investigational therapeutic options.
An estimated 15-20 million individuals are co-infected by hepatitis B and hepatitis D virus worldwide and are at high risk of developing end-stage liver disease, including hepatocellular carcinoma. While HBV viremia can now be controlled in the vast majority of individuals by nucleoside analogs, leading to a delay of disease progression, HDV treatment has for long relied on the relatively inefficient and not well-tolerated interferon-alpha. While the epidemiology and pathogenesis of the disease remain to be precisely determined, using adequate diagnostic tools and well-designed cohort studies, basic research efforts have led to interesting progress in the understanding of HDV biology, which is not yet sufficient to identify specific antiviral targets. More resources now need to be devoted to the HDV field to achieve therapeutic breakthroughs. In this manuscript, we carefully review the literature regarding the biology of hepatitis D virus, the disease, its prevention, current treatments and investigational strategies. This article forms part of a symposium in Antiviral Research on "An unfinished story: from the discovery of the Australia antigen to the development of new curative therapies for chronic hepatitis B."
INSERM, U1052, CNRS UMR_5286, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL), 69008 Lyon, France; University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard (UCBL), 69008 Lyon, France.
Dulce
D
Alfaiate
INSERM, U1052, CNRS UMR_5286, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL), 69008 Lyon, France; Université Paris 13, UFR SMBH, Laboratoire de Bactériologie Virologie - Hygiène, GHU Paris Seine Saint Denis, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, France. Electronic address: paul.deny@inserm.fr.
Paul
P
Dény
INSERM, U1052, CNRS UMR_5286, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL), 69008 Lyon, France; University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard (UCBL), 69008 Lyon, France; Labex DEVweCAN, 69008 Lyon, France. Electronic address: david.durantel@inserm.fr.
David
D
Durantel
D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000821:virology; D060085:Coinfection / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000502:physiology; D019701:Hepatitis D, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D003698:Hepatitis Delta Virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D014762:Viral Interference; D019065:Virus Assembly; D057074:Virus Release; D014779:Virus Replication
D000998:Antiviral Agents
HBV/HDV co-infections; Hepatitis D virus; Interferon alpha; Pathogenesis; Viral interference