Acute infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus of low or high virulence leads to depletion and redistribution of WC1(+) γδ T cells in lymphoid tissues of beef calves.
The objective of this study was to determine the abundance and distribution of γδ T lymphocytes in lymphoid tissue during acute infection with high (HV) or low virulence (LV) non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in beef calves. This study was performed using tissue samples from a previous experiment in which thirty beef calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: LV [n=10; animals inoculated intranasally (IN) with LV BVDV-1a (strain SD-1)], HV [n=10; animals inoculated IN with HV BVDV-2 (strain 1373)], and control (n=10; animals inoculated with cell culture medium). On day 5 post inoculation, animals were euthanized, and samples from spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were collected to assess the abundance of WC1(+) γδ T cells. A higher proportion of calves challenged with BVDV showed signs of apoptosis and cytophagy in MLN and spleen samples compared to the control group. A significantly lower number of γδ T cells was observed in spleen and MLN from calves in HV and LV groups than in the control calves (P<0.05). In conclusion, acute infection with HV or LV BVDV resulted in depletion of WC1(+) γδ T cells in mucosal and systemic lymphoid tissues at five days after challenge in beef calves. This reduction in γδ T cells in the studied lymphoid tissues could be also due to lymphocyte trafficking to other tissues.
Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2771, United States. Electronic address: palomnr@uga.edu.
Roberto A
RA
Palomares
Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2771, United States.
Kaori
K
Sakamoto
Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
Heather L
HL
Walz
Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
Kenny V
KV
Brock
Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2771, United States.
David J
DJ
Hurley
D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D001912:Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D002417:Cattle; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; D030241:Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D030242:Diarrhea Virus 2, Bovine Viral / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / Q000378:metabolism; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D014774:Virulence / Q000276:immunology
D000954:Antigens, Surface; C086500:DMBT1 protein, Bos taurus; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta
Bovine viral diarrhea virus; Virulence acute infection; WC1; γδ T lymphocytes