Effects of strength training on muscle cellular outcomes in prostate cancer patients on androgen deprivation therapy.
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) improves life expectancy in prostate cancer (PCa) patients, but is associated with adverse effects on muscle mass. Here, we investigated the effects of strength training during ADT on muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and regulators of muscle mass. PCa patients on ADT were randomized to 16 weeks of strength training (STG) (n = 12) or a control group (CG; n = 11). Muscle biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis and analyzed by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Muscle fiber CSA increased with strength training (898 μm(2) , P = 0.04), with the only significant increase observed in type II fibers (1076 μm(2) , P = 0.03). There was a trend toward a difference in mean change between groups myonuclei number (0.33 nuclei/fiber, P = 0.06), with the only significant increase observed in type I fibers, which decreased the myonuclear domain size of type I fibers (P = 0.05). Satellite cell numbers and the content of androgen receptor and myostatin remained unchanged. Sixteen weeks of strength training during ADT increased type II fiber CSA and reduced myonuclear domain in type I fibers in PCa patients. The increased number of satellite cells normally seen following strength training was not observed.
Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
T S
TS
Nilsen
Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
L
L
Thorsen
Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
S D
SD
Fosså
Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
M
M
Wiig
Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.|Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
C
C
Kirkegaard
Norwegian Institute of Public Health and School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
E
E
Skovlund
Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
H B
HB
Benestad
Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
T
T
Raastad
D000368:Aged; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002467:Cell Nucleus; D016189:Dystrophin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018656:Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D018657:Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D053580:Muscle Strength; D055435:Myostatin / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000378:metabolism; D055070:Resistance Training; D032496:Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle / Q000473:pathology
D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D016189:Dystrophin; D055435:Myostatin; D011944:Receptors, Androgen
Androgen receptor; exercise; myonuclei; myostatin; resistance training; satellite cells; testosterone