Effects of local administration of allogenic adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells on functional recovery in experimental traumatic brain injury.
OBJECTIVE
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in paediatric patients after the first year of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of locally administered allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), in the acute period after a TBI.


METHODS
MSC were isolated from peritoneal fat of healthy rats, expanded in vitro and labelled with the green fluorescent protein. Rats were placed in one of three experimental groups: (1) CONTROL: TBI, (2) IP-CONTROL: TBI + local saline and (3) IP-Treat: TBI + 2 × 10(5) MSC 24 hours after receiving a moderate, unilateral, controlled cortical impact. Motor and cognitive behavioural tests were performed to evaluate functional recovery. Histological examination and immunohistochemistry were used to identify cell distribution.


RESULTS
Improved performance was found on motor tests in the MSC-treated group compared to control groups. MSC were found in the perilesional area and their number decreased with time after transplantation. MSC treatment increased the cell density in the hippocampus (CA3 pyramidal cells and granule cells in the dentate gyrus) and enhanced neurogenesis in this area.


CONCLUSIONS
MSC cell therapy resulted in better recovery of motor function compared with the control group. This cellular therapy might be considered for patients suffering from TBI.
a Pediatric Intensive Critical Care, Hospital Niño Jesús , Madrid , Spain .
Ignacio
I
Mastro-Martínez
a Pediatric Intensive Critical Care, Hospital Niño Jesús , Madrid , Spain .
Esther
E
Pérez-Suárez
b Hospital Niño Jesús, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa , Madrid , Spain , and.
Gustavo
G
Melen
b Hospital Niño Jesús, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa , Madrid , Spain , and.
África
Á
González-Murillo
b Hospital Niño Jesús, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa , Madrid , Spain , and.
Fernando
F
Casco
b Hospital Niño Jesús, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa , Madrid , Spain , and.
Nieves
N
Lozano-Carbonero
c Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory , La Paz University Hospital Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ (Health Research Institute), Autonoma University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain.
Maria
M
Gutiérrez-Fernández
c Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory , La Paz University Hospital Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ (Health Research Institute), Autonoma University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain.
Exuperio
E
Díez-Tejedor
a Pediatric Intensive Critical Care, Hospital Niño Jesús , Madrid , Spain .
Juan
J
Casado-Flores
b Hospital Niño Jesús, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa , Madrid , Spain , and.
Manuel
M
Ramírez-Orellana
a Pediatric Intensive Critical Care, Hospital Niño Jesús , Madrid , Spain .
Ana
A
Serrano-González
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000637:transplantation*; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000628:therapy*; D018891:Dentate Gyrus / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D023421:Models, Animal; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology
Animal model; MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells); TBI (traumatic brain injury); cell therapy; children; neurogenesis; pediatric intensive care medicine