Neuroprotection of Ischemic Preconditioning is Mediated by Anti-inflammatory, Not Pro-inflammatory, Cytokines in the Gerbil Hippocampus Induced by a Subsequent Lethal Transient Cerebral Ischemia.
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) induced by sublethal transient cerebral ischemia could reduce neuronal damage/death following a subsequent lethal transient cerebral ischemia. We, in this study, compared expressions of interleukin (IL)-2 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α as pro-inflammatory cytokines, and IL-4 and IL-13 as anti-inflammatory cytokines in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region between animals with lethal ischemia and ones with IPC followed by lethal ischemia. In the animals with lethal ischemia, pyramidal neurons in the stratum pyramidale (SP) of the hippocampal CA1 region were dead at 5 days post-ischemia; however, IPC protected the CA1 pyramidal neurons from lethal ischemic injury. Expressions of all cytokines were significantly decreased in the SP after lethal ischemia and hardly detected in the SP at 5 days post-ischemia because the CA1 pyramidal neurons were dead. IPC increased expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 region following no lethal ischemia (sham-operation), and the increased expressions of IL-4 and IL-13 by IPC were continuously maintained is the SP of the CA1 region after lethal ischemia. However, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2 and TNF-α) in the SP of the CA1 region were similar those in the sham-operated animals with IPC, and the IL-4 and IL-13 expressions in the SP were maintained after lethal ischemia. In conclusion, this study shows that anti-inflammatory cytokines significantly increased and longer maintained by IPC and this might be closely associated with neuroprotection after lethal transient cerebral ischemia.
Department of Emergency Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 200-702, South Korea.
Dong Won
DW
Kim
Jae-Chul
JC
Lee
Jeong-Hwi
JH
Cho
Joon Ha
JH
Park
Ji Hyeon
JH
Ahn
Bai Hui
BH
Chen
Bich-Na
BN
Shin
Hyun-Jin
HJ
Tae
Jeong Yeol
JY
Seo
Jun Hwi
JH
Cho
Il Jun
IJ
Kang
Seongkweon
S
Hong
Young-Myeong
YM
Kim
Moo-Ho
MH
Won
In Hye
IH
Kim
D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005849:Gerbillinae; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning
D016207:Cytokines