Ultrafast Electrical Measurements of Isolated Silicon Nanowires and Nanocrystals.
We simultaneously determined the charge carrier mobility and picosecond to nanosecond carrier dynamics of isolated silicon nanowires (Si NWs) and nanocrystals (Si NCs) using time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy. We then compared these results to data measured on bulk c-Si as a function of excitation fluence. We find >1 ns carrier lifetimes in Si NWs that are dominated by surface recombination with surface recombination velocities (SRV) between ∼1100-1700 cm s(-1) depending on process conditions. The Si NCs have markedly different decay dynamics. Initially, free-carriers are produced, but relax within ∼1.5 ps to form bound excitons. Subsequently, the excitons decay with lifetimes >7 ns, similar to free carriers produced in bulk Si. The isolated Si NWs exhibit bulk-like mobilities that decrease with increasing excitation density, while the hot-carrier mobilities in the Si NCs are lower than bulk mobilities and could only be measured within the initial 1.5 ps decay. We discuss the implications of our measurements on the utilization of Si NWs and NCs in macroscopic optoelectronic applications.
†Physics Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.|‡Chemical and Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.
Matthew R
MR
Bergren
†Physics Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.|§Materials Science and Engineering Department, Penn State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16801, United States.
Chito E
CE
Kendrick
‡Chemical and Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.
Nathan R
NR
Neale
§Materials Science and Engineering Department, Penn State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16801, United States.
Joan M
JM
Redwing
†Physics Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.
Reuben T
RT
Collins
†Physics Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.
Thomas E
TE
Furtak
†Physics Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.|‡Chemical and Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.
Matthew C
MC
Beard
carrier dynamics; mobility; silicon nanocrystals; silicon nanowires; time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy