Nosocomial candidiasis in Rio de Janeiro State: Distribution and fluconazole susceptibility profile.
One hundred and forty-one Candida species isolated from clinical specimens of hospitalized patients in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during 2002 to 2007, were analized in order to evaluate the distribution and susceptibility of these species to fluconazole. Candida albicans was the most frequent species (45.4%), followed by C. parapsilosis sensu lato (28.4%), C. tropicalis (14.2%), C. guilliermondii (6.4%), C. famata (2.8%), C. glabrata (1.4%), C. krusei (0.7%) and C. lambica (0.7%). The sources of fungal isolates were blood (47.5%), respiratory tract (17.7%), urinary tract (16.3%), skin and mucous membrane (7.1%), catheter (5.6%), feces (2.1%) and mitral valve tissue (0.7%). The susceptibility test was performed using the methodology of disk-diffusion in agar as recommended in the M44-A2 Document of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The majority of the clinical isolates (97.2%) was susceptible (S) to fluconazole, although three isolates (2.1%) were susceptible-dose dependent (S-DD) and one of them (0.7%) was resistant (R). The S-DD isolates were C. albicans, C. parapsilosis sensu lato and C. tropicalis. One isolate of C. krusei was resistant to fluconazole. This work documents the high susceptibility to fluconazole by Candida species isolated in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. ; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Paulo Murillo
PM
Neufeld
Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Serviço de Parasitologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Serviço de Parasitologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Marcia de Souza Carvalho
Mde S
Melhem
Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Serviço de Parasitologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Serviço de Parasitologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Maria Walderez
MW
Szeszs
Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Instituto Estadual de Hematologia Arthur da Siqueira Cavalcante, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Instituto Estadual de Hematologia Arthur da Siqueira Cavalcante, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Marcos Dornelas
MD
Ribeiro
Setor de Microbiologia e Urinálise, Laboratório Sérgio Franco, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Setor de Microbiologia e Urinálise, Laboratório Sérgio Franco, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Efigênia de Lourdes Teixeira
Ede L
Amorim
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Manuela
M
da Silva
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Hospital Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Hospital Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Marcia dos Santos
Mdos S
Lazéra
D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D052978:Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans
D000935:Antifungal Agents; D015725:Fluconazole
Candida; antifungal susceptibility; disk diffusion method; fluconazole