Human cytomegalovirus-1 and Epstein-Barr virus-1 viral colonization of titanium and zirconia abutments: a split-mouth study.
OBJECTIVE
Human cytomegalovirus-1 (HCMV-1) and Epstein-Barr virus-1 (EBV-1) detection in submarginal plaque is linked to diseased states of the periodontium. In the present study, we evaluated the viral colonization of titanium and zirconia abutments by HCMV-1 and EBV-1 in a split-mouth study.


METHODS
Forty dental implant abutments placed in 20 non-smokers were evaluated retrospectively. Each participant had received at least one each of titanium and zirconia abutments (in function for at least 1 year). HCMV-1 and EBV-1 were evaluated in these clinically-healthy peri-implant sites' submarginal plaque biofilm at one titanium and one zirconia abutment, one healthy tooth site, and serum using polymerase chain reaction assays. Related-samples McNemar test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to determine the differences in viral detection frequency and load, respectively.


RESULTS
EBV-1 was detected at the titanium abutment in 60% of participants, but in none at their zirconia abutment (P = 0.04). HCMV-1 was detected at the titanium abutments in 90% of participants, and at the zirconia abutments in 70% of participants. This difference was not significant (P = 0.25). The differences in HCMV-1 viral load between the abutment types were insignificant (P = 0.075).


CONCLUSIONS
EBV-1 did not colonize the biofilm at the zirconia abutments as opposed to the titanium abutments in the same participants. Abutment material could contribute to differences in biofilm characteristics.
Department of Prosthodontics, M.A. Rangoonwala Dental College and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India. mkheur@gmail.com.
Mohit
M
Kheur
Department of Prosthodontics, M.A. Rangoonwala Dental College and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Husain Hatim
HH
Harianawala
Department of Oral Pathology, Dr D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Tania
T
Sethi
Department of Oral Pathology, Dr D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Supriya
S
Kheur
Department of Periodontology, Dr D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.|Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Aneesha
A
Acharya
Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Nikos
N
Mattheos
D000328:Adult; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D001769:Blood / Q000821:virology; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000044:Dental Abutments / Q000821:virology*; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000821:virology; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D019562:Viral Load; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; D015040:Zirconium; D014025:Titanium

EBV
; 
HCMV
; biofilm; dental implant; zirconia