The usefulness of immunotherapy in pediatric neurodegenerative disorders: A systematic review of literature data.
Immunotherapeutic strategies to treat neurodegenerative disorders have inspired the scientific community. The aim of our review is to address the translational aspects of neuroimmunology to describe the efficacy of immunotherapy in the treatment of pediatric neurodegenerative disorders. In the studies we analyzed IVIG were found to be efficient in the treatment of post-streptococcal neurodegenerative disorders, even if in PANDAS, plasma-exchange (PE) showed a higher efficiency. IVIG were also successfully used in ADEM and Guillan-Barré syndrome. In Sydenham Chorea the use of methylprednisolone was found in most cases as efficient as IVIG, while in Tourette's Syndrome, Colecoxib was successfully used in one patient. Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis seems to respond better to immunosuppressant agents (Mitoxantrone, Cyclophosphamide, Natalizumab), as well as Neuromyelitis optica (Rituximab, Mycofenolate). The importance of this review relies in the attempt to draw standardized guidelines for immunotherapy in pediatric neurodegeneratve disorders.
a Acute and Emergency Paediatric and General Paediatric Operative Unit; Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele Hospital; University of Catania ; Catania , Italy.
Giovanna
G
Vitaliti
b School of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences ; Tehran , Iran.
Omidreza
O
Tabatabaie
b School of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences ; Tehran , Iran.
Nassim
N
Matin
c Hygiene and Public Health; Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia"; University of Catania ; Catania , Italy.
Caterina
C
Ledda
a Acute and Emergency Paediatric and General Paediatric Operative Unit; Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele Hospital; University of Catania ; Catania , Italy.
Piero
P
Pavone
d Pediatric Department ; Pediatric Nephrology Operative Unit of the Sapienza University of Rome ; Rome , Italy.
Riccardo
R
Lubrano
e ENT Department G.F. Ingrassia ; Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele University Hospital; University of Catania ; Catania , Italy.
Agostino
A
Serra
e ENT Department G.F. Ingrassia ; Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele University Hospital; University of Catania ; Catania , Italy.
Paola
P
Di Mauro
e ENT Department G.F. Ingrassia ; Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele University Hospital; University of Catania ; Catania , Italy.
Salvatore
S
Cocuzza
a Acute and Emergency Paediatric and General Paediatric Operative Unit; Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele Hospital; University of Catania ; Catania , Italy.
Raffaele
R
Falsaperla
D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D002648:Child; D002819:Chorea / Q000188:drug therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020275:Guillain-Barre Syndrome / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008942:Mitoxantrone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D000069442:Natalizumab / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009420:Nervous System / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D009471:Neuromyelitis Optica / Q000188:drug therapy; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; D010951:Plasma Exchange / Q000379:methods*; D000069283:Rituximab / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy
D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D000069442:Natalizumab; D000069283:Rituximab; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D008942:Mitoxantrone; D008775:Methylprednisolone
childhood; immunotherapy-systematic review; neurodegenerative disorders