title: Toll-like receptor-3 gene polymorphism in patients with Japanese encephalitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Japanese encephalitis (JE) is one of the most lethal mosquito-borne viral encephalitis seen in India. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in host defence mechanism against flaviviruses causing encephalitis. We assessed whether abnormalities in toll-like receptor (TLR3) increase the susceptibly for JE.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 103 JE patients (all from an endemic area) and 103 healthy control subjects were examined for TLR3 Leu412Phe polymorphism with the help of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genetic sequencing method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significantly higher frequency of Leu412Phe polymorphism was noted in JE patients as compared with healthy controls [mutant (TT) genotype, P-value=0.019; mutant (TT)+heterozygous (CT) genotype, P-value=0.013]. Furthermore, frequency of 412Phe allele (T) of TLR3 gene was significantly higher in patients with JE than in controls (P-value=0.001). There was no significant difference in the distribution of any of the TLR3 Leu412Phe (L412F) polymorphism genotype with death within 1month.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TLR3 gene polymorphism might confer host genetic susceptibility to JE in Indian population. TLR3 polymorphism did not affect the mortality.
authors: Department of Neurology, King George Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India.
authors: Sumant
authors: S
authors: Biyani
authors: Department of Neurology, King George Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India. Electronic address: garg50@yahoo.com.
authors: Ravindra Kumar
authors: RK
authors: Garg
authors: Department of Microbiology, King George Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India.
authors: Amita
authors: A
authors: Jain
authors: Department of Neurology, King George Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India.
authors: Hardeep Singh
authors: HS
authors: Malhotra
authors: Department of Pediatrics, King George Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India.
authors: Rashmi
authors: R
authors: Kumar
authors: Department of Microbiology, King George Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India.
authors: Shantanu
authors: S
authors: Prakash
authors: Department of Neurology, King George Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India.
authors: Rajesh
authors: R
authors: Verma
authors: Department of Neurology, King George Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India.
authors: Praveen Kumar
authors: PK
authors: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004672:Encephalitis, Japanese / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007930:Leucine / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3 / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; D010649:Phenylalanine; D007930:Leucine