title: Study on chemical profiles and metabolites of Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus as well as its representative steroidal saponins in rats by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus (AMB) is increasingly becoming popular as an edible vegetable or traditional folk medicine in East Asia due to its great health and medicinal properties. However, due to a lack of available research, the effective material of AMB still remains unknown. In this study, we applied a strategy utilising ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) to investigate chemical profiles of AMB. In addition, metabolite profiles of five representative single steroidal saponins as well as AMB were investigated. Moreover, the metabolic features of saponins in AMB were summarised. After oral administration, the saponins underwent massive phase I and phase II metabolism. Sequential deglycosylation metabolism in rat intestine was the main metabolic pathway of the steroidal saponins, while oxidation, dehydrogenation, glucuronic acid reactions in liver also take part in further modification. These results expand our knowledge about the metabolism of AMB.
authors: College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
authors: Zi-Fei
authors: ZF
authors: Qin
authors: College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Dai
authors: College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China. Electronic address: tyaozh@jnu.edu.cn.
authors: Zhi-Hong
authors: ZH
authors: Yao
authors: College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
authors: Liang-Liang
authors: LL
authors: He
authors: College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
authors: Qi-Yi
authors: QY
authors: Wang
authors: College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
authors: Jian-Liang
authors: JL
authors: Geng
authors: School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China.
authors: Hai-Feng
authors: HF
authors: Chen
authors: College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, PR China. Electronic address: tyaoxs@jnu.edu.cn.
authors: Xin-Sheng
authors: XS
authors: Yao
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D050216:Metabolic Detoxication, Phase I; D050217:Metabolic Detoxication, Phase II; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012503:Saponins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D012503:Saponins
keywords: Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus (AMB); Effective material; Metabolites; Steroidal saponins; UPLC/Q-TOF-MS