title: The development of a composite bone model for training on placement of dental implants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It takes a lot of training on patients for both undergraduate to develop clinical sense as regards to the placement of dental implants in the jaw bones, also, the models provided by the dental implant companies for training are usually made of strengthened synthetic foams, which are far from the composition, and tactile sense provided by natural bone during drilling for clinical placement of dental implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is an in-vitro experimental study which utilized bovine femur bone, where the shaft of the femur provided the surface compact layer, and the head provided the cancellous bone layer, to provide a training model similar to jaw bones macroscopic anatomy. Both the compact and cancellous bone samples were characterized using mechanical compressive testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The elastic moduli of the cancellous and cortical femur bone were comparable to those of the human mandible, and the prepared training model provided a more lifelike condition during the drilling and placement of dental implants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The composite bone model developed simulated the macroscopic anatomy of the jaw bones having a surface layer of compact bone, and a core of cancellous bone, and provided a better and a more natural hands-on experience for placement of dental implants as compared to plastic models made of polyurethane.
authors: Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, KSA.
authors: Mohamed Ahmed
authors: MA
authors: Alkhodary
authors: Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering Dept., College of Engineering, Qassim University.
authors: Abdelraheim Emad Eldin
authors: AE
authors: Abdelraheim
authors: Lecturer, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University.
authors: Abd Elaleem Hassan
authors: AE
authors: Elsantawy
authors: College of Dentistry, Qassim University.
authors: Yousef Hamad
authors: YH
authors: Al Dahman
authors: College of Dentistry, Qassim University.
authors: Mohammed
authors: M
authors: Al-Mershed
keywords: bovine bone; dental implants; mechanical characterization