title: Epiretinal proliferation in lamellar macular holes and full-thickness macular holes: clinical and surgical findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the clinical findings and surgical outcomes of lamellar macular holes (LMH) with or without lamellar hole-associated epiretinal proliferation (LHEP), and those of full-thickness macular holes (FTMH) presenting with LHEP.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2009 to 2013, consecutive cases of surgically treated LMH, and all FTMH cases with LHEP were reviewed, given a follow-up time over 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the LMH group (43 cases), those with LHEP (19 cases) had significantly thinner bases and larger openings than those without (24 cases). The rate of disrupted IS/OS line was higher in the LHEP subgroup preoperatively (68.4 % vs 37.5 %), but similar between subgroups postoperatively (36.8 % and 33.3 %). The preoperative and postoperative visual acuity showed no significant difference between two subgroups. In the FTMH group (13 cases), the average hole size was 219.2 ± 92.1 μm. Permanent or transient spontaneous hole closure was noted in 69.2 % of cases. An intact IS-OS line was found in only 23 % of cases at the final follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the LMH group, LHEP was associated with a more severe defect but didn't affect surgical outcomes. In the FTMH group, spontaneous hole closure was frequently noted. Despite small holes, disruption of IS-OS line was common after hole closure.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Tso-Ting
authors: TT
authors: Lai
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.|Department of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: San-Ni
authors: SN
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. chungmay@ntu.edu.tw.|College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. chungmay@ntu.edu.tw.
authors: Chung-May
authors: CM
authors: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000601:surgery; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016684:Prone Position; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D014821:Vitrectomy; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Epiretinal membrane; Epiretinal proliferation; Full-thickness macular hole; Lamellar hole-associated epiretinal proliferation; Lamellar macular hole; Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography