title: Clinical evaluation and technical features of three-dimensional laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with selective segmental artery clamping.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of three-dimensional laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with selective segmental artery clamping (3D-LPNSSAC) comparing with the conventional two-dimensional laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (2D-LPN).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between November 2012 and March 2014, 90 patients with cT1 renal tumor at Shanghai General Hospital were enrolled in our study, which were randomly divided into two groups: the 3D-LPNSSAC group (n = 45) and 2D-LPN group (n = 45). The perioperative variables, including operative time, dissecting time, suturing time, blood loss, warm ischemia time (WIT), preoperative and postoperative renal functions, were recorded and analyzed. In addition, the oncological outcomes and complications were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the LPNs were performed successfully without conversion to radical nephrectomy or open surgery, only three cases were converted to total renal artery clamping during 3D-LPNSSAC. There were no significant differences in operative time and dissecting time between the groups, while the suturing time was shorter during 3D-LPNSSAC (P < 0.01). The technique was associated with higher blood loss (P < 0.01). The technique of 3D-LPNSSAC significantly reduced WIT (P = 0.04), and better postoperative ipsilateral renal function could be obtained during 3D-LPNSSAC (P < 0.01). During a mean follow-up time of 16.8 months (range 5.5-22.5 months), the complication rate was 8.8 % (8/90) and no tumor reoccurrence was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3D-LPNSSAC is a feasible and safe technique for treating selective renal tumors, presenting with the beneficial clinical outcomes of reduced suturing time, shorter WIT and better postoperative ipsilateral renal function.
authors: Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 85, Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.
authors: Yuan
authors: Y
authors: Ruan
authors: Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 85, Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.
authors: Xiao-Hai
authors: XH
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 85, Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.
authors: Kui
authors: K
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 85, Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.
authors: Yu-Yang
authors: YY
authors: Zhao
authors: Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 85, Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, China. xsjurologist@163.com.
authors: Shu-Jie
authors: SJ
authors: Xia
authors: Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 85, Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, China. urologistdlx@126.com.
authors: Dong-Liang
authors: DL
authors: Xu
mesh_terms: D003250:Constriction; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012077:Renal Artery; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted
keywords: Partial nephrectomy; Renal cell carcinoma; Renal function; Segmental artery clamping; Three-dimensional laparoscopy