title: Pretreatment anxiety and pain acceptance are associated with response to trigger point injection therapy for chronic myofascial pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the psychosocial profile of patients who responded or did not respond to trigger point injection therapy for chronic myofascial pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy one patients with a diagnosis of chronic myofascial pain of the paraspinous muscles completed a pretreatment questionnaire measuring demographic and social factors, and validated scales to assess pain intensity, pain interference (physical and emotional), and defined psychological characteristics (pain catastrophizing, pain acceptance, pain self-efficacy, mood and anxiety). Trigger point injection therapy of the affected areas of myofascial pain was performed and follow-up was conducted by telephone at one week (n = 65) and one month (n = 63) post intervention to assess treatment outcome (pain intensity and pain-related physical interference).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At one week follow-up and one-month follow-up, using pain-related physical interference as the outcome measure, we found that those who responded well to treatment were characterized by a lower level of pretreatment anxiety and a higher level of pain acceptance, with anxiety being the strongest predictor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that responses to interventional pain management in chronic myofascial paraspinous pain may be influenced by psychological characteristics, especially pretreatment anxiety.
authors: Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
authors: Gerard M
authors: GM
authors: Healy
authors: Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.|Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
authors: David P
authors: DP
authors: Finn
authors: Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.|Division of Pain Medicine, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland.
authors: David A
authors: DA
authors: O'Gorman
authors: Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.|Division of Pain Medicine, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland.
authors: Chris
authors: C
authors: Maharaj
authors: Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.|School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
authors: Miriam
authors: M
authors: Raftery
authors: Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.|Division of Pain Medicine, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland.
authors: Nancy
authors: N
authors: Ruane
authors: Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.|Division of Pain Medicine, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland.
authors: Caroline
authors: C
authors: Mitchell
authors: School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
authors: Kiran
authors: K
authors: Sarma
authors: School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
authors: Marek
authors: M
authors: Bohacek
authors: Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.|School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
authors: Brian E
authors: BE
authors: McGuire
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D058443:Catastrophization / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009209:Myofascial Pain Syndromes / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D061028:Trigger Points
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics
keywords: Anxiety; Chronic Pain; Myofascial; Pain Acceptance; Trigger Point