title: Bio-inspired adhesive catechol-conjugated chitosan for biomedical applications: A mini review.
abstract: The development of adhesive materials, such as cyanoacrylate derivatives, fibrin glues, and gelatin-based adhesives, has been an emerging topic in biomaterial science because of the many uses of these materials, including in wound healing patches, tissue sealants, and hemostatic materials. However, most bio-adhesives exhibit poor adhesion to tissue and related surfaces due to the presence of body fluid. For a decade, studies have aimed at addressing this issue by developing wet-resistant adhesives. Mussels demonstrate robust wet-resistant adhesion despite the ceaseless waves at seashores, and mussel adhesive proteins play a key role in this adhesion. Adhesive proteins located at the distal end (i.e., those that directly contact surfaces) are composed of nearly 60% of amino acids called 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (DOPA), lysine, and histidine, which contain side chains of catechol, primary amines, and secondary amines, respectively. Inspired by the abundant catecholamine in mussel adhesive proteins, researchers have developed various types of polymeric mimics, such as polyethylenimine-catechol, chitosan-catechol, and other related catecholic polymers. Among them, chitosan-catechol is a promising adhesive polymer for biomedical applications. The conjugation of catechol onto chitosan dramatically increases its solubility from zero to nearly 60mg/mL (i.e., 6% w/v) in pH 7 aqueous solutions. The enhanced solubility maximizes the ability of catecholamine to behave similar to mussel adhesive proteins. Chitosan-catechol is biocompatible and exhibits excellent hemostatic ability and tissue adhesion, and thus, chitosan-catechol will be widely used in a variety of medical settings in the future. This review focuses on the various aspects of chitosan-catechol, including its (1) preparation methods, (2) physicochemical properties, and (3) current applications.
authors: Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Ji Hyun
authors: JH
authors: Ryu
authors: Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors: Seonki
authors: S
authors: Hong
authors: Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Center for Nature-inspired Technology (CNiT), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: haeshin@kaist.ac.kr.
authors: Haeshin
authors: H
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000737:chemistry*; D002396:Catechols / Q000737:chemistry*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D006244:Hardness; D058726:Nanoconjugates / Q000737:chemistry*; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000138:chemical synthesis*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002396:Catechols; D058726:Nanoconjugates; D014014:Tissue Adhesives; D048271:Chitosan; C034221:catechol
keywords: Adhesive; Biomedical; Catechol; Chitosan; Mussel