title: Effects of fatigue on lower limb, pelvis and trunk kinematics and lower limb muscle activity during single-leg landing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because there are no studies that have evaluated the effects of fatigue on the kinematics of the trunk and pelvis or on muscle activation in subjects with ACL reconstruction, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fatigue on the lower limb, pelvis and trunk kinematics and lower limb muscle activation in subjects with ACL reconstruction during a single-leg landing compared to a healthy control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants included 20 subjects with ACL reconstruction (ACL reconstruction group-ACLRG) and 20 healthy subjects (control group-CG) who were aged between 18 and 35 years. Kinematic and electromyographic analyses were performed during a single-leg landing before and after fatigue. The fatigue protocol included a series of 10 squats, two vertical jumps, and 20 steps.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The effects of fatigue were increased peak trunk flexion and increased activation of the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris (BF) and gluteus maximus (GMax) during the landing phase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After the fatigue protocol, an increase in peak trunk flexion and activation of the GMax and BF were observed, most likely as a strategy to reduce the load on the ACL. ACL injury prevention programs should include strength and endurance exercises for the hip and trunk extensor muscles so that they can efficiently control trunk flexion during landing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective comparative study, Level II.
authors: Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, São Carlos, SP, CEP: 13565-905, Brazil.
authors: Giovanna Camparis
authors: GC
authors: Lessi
authors: Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, São Carlos, SP, CEP: 13565-905, Brazil. fserrao@ufscar.br.
authors: Fábio Viadanna
authors: FV
authors: Serrão
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries / Q000601:surgery; D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000601:surgery; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010388:Pelvis / Q000502:physiology*; D059385:Plyometric Exercise; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D060726:Torso / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ACL reconstruction; Anterior cruciate ligament; Kinematics; Neuromuscular fatigue