title: Recombinant osteoprotegerin effects during orthodontic movement in a rat model.
abstract: Anchorage is one of the most challenging sides in orthodontics. The use of biological modulators that inhibit osteoclasts could be a solution to address these problems and provide new adjunctive approaches. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of recombinant osteoprotegerin fusion protein (OPG-Fc) in orthodontic anchorage.
  
  
  
  Two groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were utilized. The animals in the experimental group received twice-weekly injections with high dose of OPG-Fc (5.0mg/kg) in mesial and distal mucosa of the first molars, and those in the control group received no drugs. Right first maxillary molars were mesialized using a calibrated nickel-titanium spring connected to an anterior mini-screw. Tooth movement was measured by two blinded observers using scanned and magnified stone casts. Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK), run-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), type I collagen, vimentin, matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9, S100 protein and the putative mechanoproteins acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC2) and transient receptor potential vainilloid 4 (TRPV4) were evaluated using immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  
  OPG-Fc group showed an important decreased in mesial molar movement with only 52%, 31%, and 22% of the total mesial molar movement compared with control group at Days 7, 14, and 21, respectively (P < 0.001). RANK ligand and Runx2 positive cells were severely reduced after OPG-Fc treatment. Periodontal ligament architecture, cell arrangement, and immunohistochemical patter for vimentin, type I collagen and the mechanoproteins TRPV4 and ASIC2 were altered by tooth movement and all these parameters altered by the applied treatment.
  
  
  
  OPG-Fc effectively inhibits osteoclastogenesis resulting in improved bone quantity and orthodontic anchorage. Based on present results, OPG-Fc could have clinical utility in preventing undesired tooth movements.
authors: *Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain, fjvazquezvega@gmail.com.
authors: Felipe J
authors: FJ
authors: Fernández-González
authors: *Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
authors: Aránzazu
authors: A
authors: Cañigral
authors: *Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
authors: José L
authors: JL
authors: López-Caballo
authors: **Department of Oral Implantology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain.
authors: Aritza
authors: A
authors: Brizuela
authors: *Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
authors: Teresa
authors: T
authors: Cobo
authors: *Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
authors: Félix
authors: F
authors: de Carlos
authors: ***Director de Postgrado e investigacion, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile.
authors: Iván
authors: I
authors: Suazo
authors: ****Specialist in Implantology at the University of Salamanca, Spain.
authors: Yurena
authors: Y
authors: Pérez-González
authors: *****Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain and ******Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile.
authors: Jose A
authors: JA
authors: Vega
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla; D008963:Molar / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000187:drug effects; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000378:metabolism; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D014086:Tooth Mobility / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins