title: Association of Vitamin D Status and Clinical Outcome in Dogs with a Chronic Enteropathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dogs with a chronic enteropathy (CE) have a lower vitamin D status, than do healthy dogs. Vitamin D status has been associated with a negative clinical outcome in humans with inflammatory bowel disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations at diagnosis and clinical outcome in dogs with a CE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one dogs diagnosed with CE admitted to the Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, Hospital for Small Animals between 2007 and 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were compared between dogs which were alive at follow up or had died because of non-CE-related reasons (survivors) and dogs which died or were euthanized due to their CE (non-survivors). A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine significant predictors of death in dogs with CE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D at the time a CE was diagnosed were significantly lower in nonsurvivors (n = 15) (median nonsurvivors 4.36 ng/mL, interquartile range 1.6-17.0 ng/mL), median survivors (n = 26) (24.9 ng/mL interquartile range 15.63-39.45 ng/mL, P < .001). Serum 25(OH)D concentration was a significant predictor of death in dogs with CE (odds ratio 1.08 [95% CI 1.02-1.18)]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum 25(OH)D concentrations at diagnosis are predictive of outcome in dogs with CE. The role of vitamin D in the initiation and outcome of chronic enteropathies in dogs is deserving of further study.
authors: Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Titmarsh
authors: Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK.
authors: A G
authors: AG
authors: Gow
authors: Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Kilpatrick
authors: Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Sinclair
authors: Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Hill
authors: Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Milne
authors: Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Philbey
authors: Vitamin D Research Laboratory, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Berry
authors: Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Handel
authors: Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK.
authors: R J
authors: RJ
authors: Mellanby
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality; D004285:Dogs; D004751:Enteritis / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: 25 (OH)D; Inflammatory bowel disease; Prognostic