title: Parental poverty and occupation as risk factors for pediatric sleep-disordered breathing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have found associations between pediatric sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and socioeconomic status (SES), as well as a neighborhood-related disadvantage. This study analyzes the association among familial SES, parental occupation, and SDB in Swedish offspring.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nationwide dataset was constructed by linking Swedish census data to hospital discharge register data on all first hospitalizations of children and adolescents aged 0-18 years during the study period 1997-2007. The outcome was SDB, defined as diagnostic codes for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), adenotonsillar hypertrophy, or tonsillar hypertrophy. Familial SES was defined as family income and maternal education. The odds ratio (OR) was calculated with a 95% confidence interval (CI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  34,933 of three million children had a first hospital diagnosis of SDB. The OR was significantly increased in offspring in families with a low income (1.79) and maternal education (1.21). Significantly increased ORs were found in 14 of 38 maternal (37%) and 13 of 48 paternal (27%) occupations, and six of them involved both parents: drivers, welders, and workers in mechanics and iron metalware, chemical processing, and manufacture of food and glass. A significantly decreased OR was found in 12 (25%) of the paternal occupations, e.g., scientists, physicians, teachers, artists, administrators, and farmers, as well as in maternal occupations, such as artists and farmers, with offspring aged 0-6 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that low familial SES and parental occupations associated with a low educational level increased, whereas academic parental occupations and farmers decreased the risk of SDB in offspring.
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: danielle.friberg@karolinska.se.
authors: Danielle
authors: D
authors: Friberg
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Karin
authors: K
authors: Lundkvist
authors: Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors: Xinjun
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors: Kristina
authors: K
authors: Sundquist
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009790:Occupations; D010290:Parents; D011203:Poverty; D012307:Risk Factors; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012923:Social Class; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Hospitalized children; Obstructive sleep apnea; Sleep-disordered breathing; Tonsil hypertrophy