title: Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-ethyl cellulose based bio-composites with novel characteristics for infection free wound healing application.
abstract: A series of bio-composites including poly3-hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)] grafted ethyl cellulose (EC) stated as P(3HB)-EC were successfully synthesised. Furthermore, natural phenols e.g., p-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) and ferulic acid (FA) were grafted onto the newly developed P(3HB)-EC-based bio-composites under laccase-assisted environment without the use of additional initiators or crosslinking agents. The phenol grafted bio-composites were critically evaluated for their antibacterial and biocompatibility features as well as their degradability in soil. In particular, the results of the antibacterial evaluation for the newly developed bio-composites indicated that 20HBA-g-P(3HB)-EC and 15FA-g-P(3HB)-EC bio-composites exerted strong bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity against Gram(-)E. coli NTCT 10418 as compared to the Gram(+)B. subtilis NCTC 3610. This study shows further that at various phenolic concentrations the newly synthesised bio-composites remained cytocompatible with human keratinocyte-like HaCaT skin cells, as 100% cell viability was recorded, in vitro. As for the degradation, an increase in the degradation rate was recorded during the soil burial analyses over a period of 42 days. These findings suggest that the reported bio-composites have great potential for use in wound healing; covering the affected skin area which may favour tissue repair over shorter periods.
authors: Applied Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: hafiz.iqbal@my.westminster.ac.uk.
authors: Hafiz M N
authors: HM
authors: Iqbal
authors: Applied Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom.
authors: Godfrey
authors: G
authors: Kyazze
authors: Applied Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom.
authors: Ian Charles
authors: IC
authors: Locke
authors: Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397 Marseille, France.
authors: Thierry
authors: T
authors: Tron
authors: Applied Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: t.keshavarz@westminster.ac.uk.
authors: Tajalli
authors: T
authors: Keshavarz
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001704:Biopolymers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002460:Cell Line; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014945:Wound Healing; D000094122:Polyhydroxybutyrates
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001704:Biopolymers; D002482:Cellulose; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates; D011091:Polyesters; C003182:poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate; D000094122:Polyhydroxybutyrates; C013517:ethyl cellulose
keywords: Bio-composite; Ethyl cellulose; HaCaT compatible