title: Reference values for ultrasonograpy of peripheral nerves.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High-resolution ultrasonography (HRU) is a novel method that provides morphological information about peripheral nerves. We aimed to determine reference values for nerve cross-sectional area (CSA) on HRU.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred healthy volunteers had HRU of median, radial, ulnar, fibular, tibial, sural, and superficial fibular nerves at defined sites. The CSA was measured and the effects of age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CSA values in healthy subjects are described. CSA is larger in lower limb motor nerves than in sensory nerves at similar sites, and the CSA tends to be symmetrical. The strongest effect on CSA was for age, although gender and BMI had some effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides normative values for HRU, and it suggests that further research with age- and gender-specific distributions must be a key priority in the development of HRU for use as a diagnostic test for peripheral nerve diseases.
authors: Ellen and Martin Prosserman Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street 5EC-309, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada.|King Fahad Hospital, Ministry of Health, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Qrimli
authors: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors: Hamid
authors: H
authors: Ebadi
authors: Ellen and Martin Prosserman Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street 5EC-309, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada.
authors: Ari
authors: A
authors: Breiner
authors: Ellen and Martin Prosserman Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street 5EC-309, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada.
authors: Hafsah
authors: H
authors: Siddiqui
authors: Ellen and Martin Prosserman Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street 5EC-309, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada.|King Fahad University Hospital, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Majed
authors: M
authors: Alabdali
authors: Ellen and Martin Prosserman Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street 5EC-309, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada.
authors: Alon
authors: A
authors: Abraham
authors: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Leif E
authors: LE
authors: Lovblom
authors: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Bruce A
authors: BA
authors: Perkins
authors: Ellen and Martin Prosserman Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street 5EC-309, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada.
authors: Vera
authors: V
authors: Bril
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: cross-sectional area; neuropathy; peripheral nerve; reference values; ultrasound