title: Outcome of Minimally Invasive Distal Metatarsal Metaphyseal Osteotomy (DMMO) for Lesser Toe Metatarsalgia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As in all fields of surgery, advances in orthopaedic surgery develop toward less invasive surgical techniques. The advantages of smaller incisions include minimal soft tissue dissection allowing procedures to be performed as outpatient surgery. There is the assumption that this leads to a quicker recovery time permitting an earlier return to work. As with any new surgical technique, there is an associated learning curve. This study looked into the outcome of minimally invasive distal metatarsal metaphyseal osteotomy (DMMO) performed at a University Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients underwent minimally invasive surgery for DMMO. There were 13 males and 17 females with an average age of 60 years. More than one metatarsal osteotomy was done in all cases to facilitate the moulding of the metatarsal head to the correct alignment with full weight bearing. The outcome was measured with the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ), patient-reported outcome (PRO), and visual analog scale (VAS) pain score. Minimum follow up was 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the final review, the average MOXFQ score was an excellent 31. Average improvement in VAS score was 3.5, which ranged from 10 to -7. The VAS was affected by 2 patients whose pain worsened after the operation. There were 4 complications, one each of nonunion, malunion, transfer metatarsalgia, and soft tissue ossification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 3 most common complications of foot and ankle surgery are infection, wound dehiscence, and skin ulcer or blister. Intra-articular metatarsal osteotomies are commonly associated with stiffness due to scarring and consequently hammertoes. By reducing the soft tissue injury in minimally invasive surgery, these risks can be potentially minimized. Minimally invasive DMMO produced good patient satisfaction, functional improvement, and low complication rates in most cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level IV, retrospective case series.
authors: Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, NHS Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
authors: Syed
authors: S
authors: Haque
authors: Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, NHS Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom rajeshkakwani@gmail.com.
authors: Rajesh
authors: R
authors: Kakwani
authors: Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, NHS Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
authors: Caroline
authors: C
authors: Chadwick
authors: Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, NHS Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
authors: Mark Bowen
authors: MB
authors: Davies
authors: Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, NHS Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
authors: Chris M
authors: CM
authors: Blundell
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008682:Metatarsal Bones / Q000601:surgery*; D037061:Metatarsalgia / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D064232:Visual Analog Scale
keywords: DMMO; distal metatarsal osteotomy; metatarsalgia