title: Potential mechanisms regulating pulmonary pathology in inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with a number of comorbidities that arise at extraintestinal sites, including the lung. Pulmonary manifestations reported in inflammatory bowel disease include bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis and importantly, a range of subclinical respiratory abnormalities that are often overlooked in routine clinical evaluation. Whereas evidence for the pulmonary manifestations of Inflammatory bowel disease is increasing, little is known about the immunologic and physiologic mechanisms regulating cross-talk between the gut and lung during disease. This review examines reported lung involvement in Inflammatory bowel disease and discusses the possible immune pathways that underlie pulmonary pathologies. These mechanisms include dysfunctional immune-cell homing, systemic inflammation, and microbial dysbiosis; all of which may contribute to Inflammatory bowel disease-induced pulmonary inflammation. These mechanisms are discussed in the context of our current knowledge of the shared mucosal immune system and the immunology of Inflammatory bowel disease.
authors: *Gastrointestinal Research Group, Viruses, Infection/Immunity, Vaccines and Asthma Program, and Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia; and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: Sean W
authors: SW
authors: Mateer
authors: *Gastrointestinal Research Group, Viruses, Infection/Immunity, Vaccines and Asthma Program, and Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia; and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: Steven
authors: S
authors: Maltby
authors: *Gastrointestinal Research Group, Viruses, Infection/Immunity, Vaccines and Asthma Program, and Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia; and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: Ellen
authors: E
authors: Marks
authors: *Gastrointestinal Research Group, Viruses, Infection/Immunity, Vaccines and Asthma Program, and Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia; and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: Paul S
authors: PS
authors: Foster
authors: *Gastrointestinal Research Group, Viruses, Infection/Immunity, Vaccines and Asthma Program, and Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia; and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: Jay C
authors: JC
authors: Horvat
authors: *Gastrointestinal Research Group, Viruses, Infection/Immunity, Vaccines and Asthma Program, and Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia; and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: Philip M
authors: PM
authors: Hansbro
authors: *Gastrointestinal Research Group, Viruses, Infection/Immunity, Vaccines and Asthma Program, and Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia; and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia simon.keely@newcastle.edu.au.
authors: Simon
authors: S
authors: Keely
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064806:Dysbiosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
keywords: T cells; homing; lung; microbiome; neutrophil