title: [Brown syndrome: clinical and radiological correlation].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Brown syndrome is characterized by limitation of elevation in adduction, with complex mechanisms involving muscle, tendon, and trochlea. Here, we investigated mechanisms of Brown syndrome by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  It was a retrospective case series study. Fourteen patients with unilateral Brown syndrome between 3 and 54 years of age (10 cases of congenital and 4 cases with acquired disease) were included in the study. All patients underwent complete ophthalmic and orthoptic evaluation. Imaging of the ocular motor nerves at the brainstem was performed on 3D-FIESTA sequence, the orbits were imaged with FSE T1, T2WI using surface coils.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine of 10 with congenital Brown syndrome demonstrated hypoplasia of the superior oblique (SO) of the affected side. Abnormal low signal intensity in the trochlea area was found in one patient. Three of 4 acquired patients had a history of trauma and were demonstrated fracture of the trochlea, extensive scarring, and superior orbital fracture. One acquired case was demonstrated scarring of anterior part of the SO and hypoplasia of the posterior part.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brown syndrome consists of a series of diseases. Their clinical features are quite similar while their anatomical mechanism varies in numerous ways. Therefore, based on patient's individual pathophysiology, the management in Brown syndrome should be personalized.
authors: Beijing Tongren Eye Centre, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China.
authors: Yidi
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Fengyuan
authors: F
authors: Man
authors: Qinglin
authors: Q
authors: Chang
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Lu
authors: Jinghui
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Junfang
authors: J
authors: Xian
authors: Email: yhjiao2001@aliyun.com.
authors: Yonghong
authors: Y
authors: Jiao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001933:Brain Stem; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000151:congenital / Q000473:pathology*; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000294:innervation / Q000473:pathology; D009802:Oculomotor Nerve / Q000473:pathology*; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013710:Tendons; D014321:Trochlear Nerve / Q000473:pathology