title: Platelet-Rich Plasma Attenuates 30-kDa Fibronectin Fragment-Induced Chemokine and Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression by Meniscocytes and Articular Chondrocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Proteolytic fragments of fibronectin have catabolic effects on cartilage and menisci. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is increasingly being used to treat a range of joint conditions, but it is unknown whether PRP influences fibronectin fragment (FN-f) procatabolic activity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The procatabolic activity of FN-f on meniscocytes and articular chondrocytes is attenuated by cotreatment with PRP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled laboratory study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human meniscocytes were treated with FN-f (30 kDa) with or without PRP coincubation, and gene expression was analyzed by complementary DNA microarray analysis. Validation of altered expression of known and novel chemokine and protease genes was undertaken by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in articular chondrocytes and meniscocytes. Chemokine release was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and intracellular pathway signaling was evaluated by Western immunoblotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microarray analysis and RT-PCR showed increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, MMP13, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 (CXCL8), CCL5, CCL20, and CXCL10 chemokines in meniscocytes after treatment with FN-f. Upregulation of these genes was significantly attenuated by PRP. Similar results were seen with articular chondrocytes, although no changes in MMP2 or MMP9 levels were identified. PRP-induced suppression of gene expression was associated with activation of Akt and p44/p42.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PRP treatment attenuates the 30-kDa FN-f-induced expression of a range of proinflammatory chemokines and MMPs, including IL-8, IL-6, CCL20, CCL5, CXCL10, MMP1, MMP3, and MMP13, by both meniscocytes and articular chondrocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations provide support for the use and further trials of PRP in management of cartilage and meniscal injuries.
authors: Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Orthopedics, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Chih-Chien
authors: CC
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Chian-Her
authors: CH
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Yi-Jen
authors: YJ
authors: Peng
authors: Osteoarticular Research Group, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors: Donald M
authors: DM
authors: Salter
authors: Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan herngsheng131419@gmail.com.
authors: Herng-Sheng
authors: HS
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018925:Chemokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D008592:Menisci, Tibial / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma / Q000502:physiology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D005353:Fibronectins; D004247:DNA; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases
keywords: chemokine; chondrocyte; fibronectin fragment; matrix metalloproteinase; platelet-rich plasma