title: Host-feeding sources and habitats jointly affect wing developmental stability depending on sex in the major Chagas disease vector Triatoma infestans.
abstract: Fluctuating asymmetry (FA), a slight and random departure from bilateral symmetry that is normally distributed around a 0 mean, has been widely used to infer developmental instability. We investigated whether habitats (ecotopes) and host-feeding sources influenced wing FA of the hematophagous bug Triatoma infestans. Because bug populations occupying distinct habitats differed substantially and consistently in various aspects such as feeding rates, engorgement status and the proportion of gravid females, we predicted that bugs from more open peridomestic habitats (i.e., goat corrals) were more likely to exhibit higher FA than bugs from domiciles. We examined patterns of asymmetry and the amount of wing size and shape FA in 196 adult T. infestans collected across a gradient of habitat suitability and stability that decreased from domiciles, storerooms, kitchens, chicken coops, pig corrals, to goat corrals in a well-defined area of Figueroa, northwestern Argentina. The bugs had unmixed blood meals on human, chicken, pig and goat depending on the bug collection ecotope. We documented the occurrence of FA in wing shape for bugs fed on all host-feeding sources and in all ecotopes except for females from domiciles or fed on humans. FA indices for wing shape differed significantly among host-feeding sources, ecotopes and sexes. The patterns of wing asymmetry in females from domiciles and from goat corrals were significantly different; differences in male FA were congruent with evidence showing that they had higher mobility than females across habitats. The host-feeding sources and habitats of T. infestans affected wing developmental stability depending on sex.
authors: Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires-IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2 C1428EGA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: julietanattero@ege.fcen.uba.ar.
authors: Julieta
authors: J
authors: Nattero
authors: MIVEGEC, UMR CNRS-IRD-UM1 5290, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, FR-34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. Electronic address: dujjepi@gmail.com.
authors: Jean-Pierre
authors: JP
authors: Dujardin
authors: Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires-IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2 C1428EGA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: mpfernandez@ege.fcen.uba.ar.
authors: María
authors: M
authors: Del Pilar Fernández
authors: Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires-IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2 C1428EGA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: gurtler@ege.fcen.uba.ar.
authors: Ricardo E
authors: RE
authors: Gürtler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001118:Argentina; D014355:Chagas Disease / Q000635:transmission; D017753:Ecosystem; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors; D008297:Male; D014224:Triatoma / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D014921:Wings, Animal / Q000033:anatomy & histology*
keywords: Environmental variance; Fluctuating asymmetry; Geometric morphometrics; Triatominae; Wing morphology