title: Comparison of selected methods for recovery of Giardia spp. cysts and Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in wastewater.
abstract: More precise methods are needed to recover Giardia and Cryptosporidium (oo)cysts from wastewater in order to advance research related to their inactivation, removal, quantification, and species differentiation. This study applied different methods to recover the maximum number of (oo)cysts from wastewater samples using ColorSeed®. Immunomagnetic separation assisted in capturing oocysts mainly in samples with medium and low turbidity. A triple centrifugation method reached recovery rates of 85% and 20%, for Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts, respectively, in raw wastewater, and 62.5 and 17.5% in secondary-treated effluent. For low turbidity-treated effluent, membrane filtration reached 67.5% recovery for Giardia cysts and 22.5% for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Simple, quick and low-cost methods do not involve much handling of the samples and could be useful, particularly in developing countries.
authors: Department of Agronomic and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Linha 7 de Setembro, BR 386, Km 40, 98400-000, Frederico Westphalen - Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil E-mail: medeiroscg@yahoo.com.br.
authors: Raphael Corrêa
authors: RC
authors: Medeiros
authors: Hydraulics and Sanitation Department, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, 13566-590, São Carlos - São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Luiz Antonio
authors: LA
authors: Daniel
mesh_terms: D003458:Cryptosporidium / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005374:Filtration; D005872:Giardia / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018189:Immunomagnetic Separation; D033661:Oocysts / Q000166:cytology*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000469:parasitology*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D062065:Wastewater