title: Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor C isoform 2 expression and its prognostic significance for non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor C isoform 2 (RORC2) is regarded as a pathogenic factor for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and tumours. Previous studies have primarily focused on RORC2 expression in IL-17-producing immune cells but not in carcinoma cells; thus, little is known about the roles of RORC2 in the progression of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we analysed the expression of RORC2 and its participation in tumour progression in NSCLC.
  
  
  METHODS
  RORC2 expression in NSCLC and adjacent normal lung tissues was assessed via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. RORC2 expression in NSCLC cell lines was examined by qRT-PCR, Western blotting and flow cytometry. The effects of inhibiting RORC2 activity on the proliferation of NSCLC cells were evaluated. The prognostic value of RORC2 for NSCLC was revealed based on Kaplan-Meier analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High RORC2 expression was observed in lung cancer tissues and was significantly related to age (p = 0.013) and regional lymph node metastasis (p = 0.009). RORC2 expression was higher in the A549, H460, SPC-A1 and H1299 cell lines than in a control cell line. In addition, cell proliferation was decreased in NSCLC cells upon the blocking of RORC2 activity using a specific inhibitor. High RORC2 expression correlated with worse overall survival (p = 0.030).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that RORC2 is expressed by lung cancer cells and greatly contributes to tumour cell proliferation and overall survival in NSCLC. These findings strongly imply that RORC2 is associated with tumour progression.
authors: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of the Health Ministry, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
authors: Qi
authors: Q
authors: Huang
authors: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of the Health Ministry, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
authors: Jinshuo
authors: J
authors: Fan
authors: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of the Health Ministry, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.|Department of Respiratory Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 98 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Qian
authors: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of the Health Ministry, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
authors: Zhilei
authors: Z
authors: Lv
authors: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of the Health Ministry, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xiuxiu
authors: X
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of the Health Ministry, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
authors: Jieli
authors: J
authors: Han
authors: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of the Health Ministry, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: Wu
authors: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of the Health Ministry, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.|Department of Respiratory, the First Hospital of Xi'an City, Xi'an, 710002, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
authors: Caiyun
authors: C
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of the Health Ministry, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.|Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, 201-209 Hubin Road, Xiamen, 361004, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
authors: Jiao
authors: J
authors: Du
authors: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of the Health Ministry, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
authors: Mengfei
authors: M
authors: Guo
authors: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of the Health Ministry, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
authors: Guorong
authors: G
authors: Hu
authors: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of the Health Ministry, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China. whuhjy@126.com.
authors: Yang
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-7073
authors: Y
authors: Jin
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D017209:Apoptosis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018196:Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D057132:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015996:Survival Rate; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D057132:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C539900:RORC protein, human
keywords: Cell proliferation; Non-small cell lung cancer; Prognosis; RORC2