title: Effects of Variations in Ligand Density on Cell Signaling.
abstract: Multiple simultaneous interactions between receptors and ligands dictate the extracellular and intracellular activities of cells. The concept of programmable ligand display is generally used to study the interaction between ligands, displayed on surfaces at various densities, with receptors present on cell surfaces. Various strategies are discussed here to display ligands on surfaces to study their effect on cell behavior. Only very few strategies have been reported where this display combines precise control over density with lateral spacing of ligands on surfaces. In this review, selected examples of strategies to control ligand density and spacing and their implications for biological functions of cells are discussed.
authors: Molecular Nanofabrication Group MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors: Tushar
authors: T
authors: Satav
authors: Molecular Nanofabrication Group MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors: Jurriaan
authors: J
authors: Huskens
authors: Molecular Nanofabrication Group MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors: Pascal
authors: P
authors: Jonkheijm
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008954:Models, Biological; D008956:Models, Chemical; D011485:Protein Binding; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface
keywords: cell signaling; ligand density; ligand spacing; multivalency; receptor clustering