title: Early prophylaxis in children with severe haemophilia A: clinical and ultrasound imaging outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This observational study was undertaken with the aim to describe the characteristics and evaluate the outcomes of prophylactic treatment in children with severe haemophilia A (HA) treated at our centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five patients aged 4-19 years with severe HA, no history of inhibitors and treated with at least two infusions of factor VIII (FVIII) per week were studied. Prophylactic doses and annual joint bleeding rate (AJBR) were retrospectively evaluated over the last 5 years. Current joint status was assessed using the Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) (136 joints of 23 patients) and the Haemophilia Early Arthropathy Detection with Ultrasound (HEAD-US) procedure (124 joints of 21 patients).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median AJBR was 0.2 and median prophylaxis dose 65.4 IU-1kg-1week-1. Median total HJHS was 0 (range 0-13) and total HEAD-US 1 (0-8). At the joint level, 85.3% of joints were normal on HJHS and 79.0% on US. The ankle was the joint most commonly affected, considering bleeding and ultrasound results. Correlation was found between HEAD-US scores and bleeding scores but not between HEAD-US and HJHS scores. HJHS and HEAD-US scores were concordant in 91/124 (73.4%) joints (86 joints normal and five abnormal). Ultrasound detected minimal changes in 19.6% of joints with normal physical function, whereas 12.2% of joints considered normal on ultrasound showed changes at HJHS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A well-preserved joint status was found in our cohort. High-resolution US detected a higher percentage of abnormalities than the physical evaluation, but the clinical implications of these findings still need to be ascertained.
authors: Haemophilia Centre, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Altisent
authors: Haemophilia Centre, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Martorell
authors: Department of Rehabilitation, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Crespo
authors: Department of Radiology,, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Casas
authors: Department of Radiology,, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Torrents
authors: Haemophilia Centre, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Parra
keywords: annual joint bleeding rate; haemophilia joint health score; outcome assessment; prophylactic treatment; severe haemophilia A; ultrasound imaging