title: Dietary Tocotrienol/γ-Cyclodextrin Complex Increases Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and ATP Concentrations in the Brains of Aged Mice.
abstract: Brain aging is accompanied by a decrease in mitochondrial function. In vitro studies suggest that tocotrienols, including γ- and δ-tocotrienol (T3), may exhibit neuroprotective properties. However, little is known about the effect of dietary T3 on mitochondrial function in vivo. In this study, we monitored the effect of a dietary T3/γ-cyclodextrin complex (T3CD) on mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels in the brain of 21-month-old mice. Mice were fed either a control diet or a diet enriched with T3CD providing 100 mg T3 per kg diet for 6 months. Dietary T3CD significantly increased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels compared to those of controls. The increase in MMP and ATP due to dietary T3CD was accompanied by an increase in the protein levels of the mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). Furthermore, dietary T3CD slightly increased the mRNA levels of superoxide dismutase, γ-glutamyl cysteinyl synthetase, and heme oxygenase 1 in the brain. Overall, the present data suggest that T3CD increases TFAM, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP synthesis in the brains of aged mice.
authors: Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 6, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
authors: Anke
authors: A
authors: Schloesser
authors: Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 6, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
authors: Tuba
authors: T
authors: Esatbeyoglu
authors: Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 6, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
authors: Stefanie
authors: S
authors: Piegholdt
authors: Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 6, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
authors: Janina
authors: J
authors: Dose
authors: Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
authors: Naoko
authors: N
authors: Ikuta
authors: CycloChem Bio Co., Ltd., KIBC, 5-5-2 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
authors: Hinako
authors: H
authors: Okamoto
authors: CycloChem Bio Co., Ltd., KIBC, 5-5-2 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
authors: Yoshiyuki
authors: Y
authors: Ishida
authors: Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan ; CycloChem Bio Co., Ltd., KIBC, 5-5-2 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
authors: Keiji
authors: K
authors: Terao
authors: School of Natural System, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
authors: Seiichi
authors: S
authors: Matsugo
authors: Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 6, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
authors: Gerald
authors: G
authors: Rimbach
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D024508:Tocotrienols / Q000378:metabolism*; D047408:gamma-Cyclodextrins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D024508:Tocotrienols; D047408:gamma-Cyclodextrins; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; C023792:gamma-cyclodextrin