title: Incidence and Mortality of Breast Cancer and their Relationship to Development in Asia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the incidence and mortality of breast cancer, and its relationship with human development index (HDI) and its components in Asia in 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was an ecologic study in Asia for assessment of the correlation between age-specific incidence rate (ASIR) and age-specific mortality rate (ASMR) with HDI and its details that include: life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling and gross national income (GNI) per capita. Data about SIR and SMR for every Asian country for the year 2012 were obtained from the global cancer project. We used a bivariate method for assessment of the correlation between SIR and SMR and HDI and its individual components. Statistical significance was assumed if P<0.05. All reported P-values are two-sided. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (Version 15.0, SPSS Inc.).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2012, 639,824 cases of breast cancer were recorded in Asian countries. Countries with the highest standardized incidence rate (ASIR) (per 100,000) were Israel (80.5), Lebanon (78.7), Armenia (74.1) and the highest standard mortality rate (ASMR) was observed in Pakistan (25.2), Armenia (24.2), and Lebanon (24). There was a positive correlation between the ASIR of breast cancer and HDI (r = 0.556, p <0.001), whereas there was a negative correlation between the ASMR of breast cancer and HDI (r = -0.051).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Breast cancer incidence in countries with higher development is greater, while mortality is greatest in countries with less development. There was a positive and significant relationship between the ASIR of breast cancer and HDI and its components. Also there was a negative but non significant relationship between the ASMR of breast cancer and HDI.
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran E-mail : alesaleh70@yahoo.com.
authors: Mahshid
authors: M
authors: Ghoncheh
authors: Abdollah
authors: A
authors: Mohammadian-Hafshejani
authors: Hamid
authors: H
authors: Salehiniya
mesh_terms: D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D003906:Developing Countries; D004493:Education; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007182:Income; D008017:Life Expectancy; D011379:Prognosis; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D015996:Survival Rate