title: Morphological and Functional Alterations of Alveolar Macrophages in a Murine Model of Chronic Inflammatory Lung Disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic lung inflammation commonly induces a multitude of structural and functional adaptations within the lung tissue and airspaces. Yet the impact of a persistent inflammatory environment on alveolar macrophages is still incompletely understood. Here, we examined morphology and function of alveolar macrophages in a transgenic mouse model of chronic lung disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Imaging flow cytometry, flow cytometry, and microscopic evaluation of alveolar macrophages isolated from healthy and inflamed lungs were performed. Gene expression of polarization markers was compared by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The pro-inflammatory immune response of alveolar macrophages toward bacterial ligands was assessed in in vivo clodronate-liposome depletion studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chronic lung inflammation is associated with a substantially altered, activated alveolar macrophage morphology, and blunted TNF-α response by these cells following stimulation with ligands derived from the respiratory pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate pleiotropic effects of pulmonary inflammation on alveolar macrophage phenotype and function and suggest a functional impairment of these cells during infection with airborne pathogens.
authors: Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Infection Control and Prevention, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany. julia.boehme@helmholtz-hzi.de.|Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Brunswick, Germany. julia.boehme@helmholtz-hzi.de.
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Désirée Boehme
authors: Department of Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Pfälzer Platz, Gebäude 28, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors: Sabine
authors: S
authors: Pietkiewicz
authors: Department of Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Pfälzer Platz, Gebäude 28, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors: Inna
authors: I
authors: Lavrik
authors: Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Infection Control and Prevention, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.|Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Brunswick, Germany.
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Jeron
authors: Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Infection Control and Prevention, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.|Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Brunswick, Germany.
authors: Dunja
authors: D
authors: Bruder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051117:Scavenger Receptors, Class A / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C495140:Msr1 protein, mouse; C413576:Retnla protein, mouse; D051117:Scavenger Receptors, Class A; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: Alveolar macrophage; Chronic lung disease; Infection; Inflammation; Macrophage polarization