title: The effects of A2B receptor modulators on vascular endothelial growth factor and nitric oxide axis in chronic cyclosporine nephropathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To investigate the actions of adenosine A2B receptor modulators on VEGF and NO levels in CsA nephropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nephropathy was induced by administrating 25 mg/kg (s.c) of CsA for 5 weeks. The VEGF and NO levels were measured in kidney tissue. Serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, urinary albumin excretion, blood urea nitrogen, kidney pathology score were measured to assess renal function. The analysis of mRNA expression of A2B receptor and VEGF was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of CsA for 5 weeks induced adverse renal function. The mRNA expression of VEGF was reduced in renal tissue after 5 weeks of CsA treatment. The renal VEGF and NO levels were also reduced in these animals. In vivo administration of A2B adenosine receptor agonist increased renal VEGF which was inhibited by a selective A2B AR antagonist (MRS1754) in CsA-treated animals. The increase in VEGF was associated with reversal of adverse renal functions. The effects of A2B AR modulators were prominent in CsA-treated animals compared with control animals suggesting CsA treatment may upregulate A2B ARs. The mRNA expression of A2B AR was increased after 5 weeks of CsA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A2B AR modulators may provide new therapeutic options to retard CsA nephropathy by mediating renal VEGF and NO.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India.
authors: Leena
authors: L
authors: Patel
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India.
authors: Aswin
authors: A
authors: Thaker
keywords: A2B adenosine receptor; CsA nephropathy; VEGF; nitric oxide