title: Plastic and Evolutionary Gene Expression Responses Are Correlated in European Grayling (Thymallus thymallus) Subpopulations Adapted to Different Thermal Environments.
abstract: Understanding how populations adapt to changing environmental conditions is a long-standing theme in evolutionary biology. Gene expression changes have been recognized as an important driver of local adaptation, but relatively little is known regarding the direction of change and in particular, about the interplay between plastic and evolutionary gene expression. We have previously shown that the gene expression profiles of European grayling (Thymallus thymallus) populations inhabiting different thermal environments include both plastic and evolutionary components. However, whether the plastic and evolutionary responses were in the same direction was not investigated in detail, nor was the identity of the specific genes involved. In this study, we show that the plastic changes in protein expression in response to different temperatures are highly correlated with the evolutionary response in grayling subpopulations adapted to different thermal environments. This finding provides preliminary evidence that the plastic response most likely facilitates adaptation during the early phases of colonization of thermal environments. The proteins that showed significant changes in expression level between warm and cold temperature treatments were mostly related to muscle development, which is consistent with earlier findings demonstrating muscle mass differentiation between cold and warm grayling populations.
authors: From the Department of Biology, University of Turku, Pharmacity, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4, 20014 University of Turku, Finland (Mäkinen, Papakostas, Leder, and Primmer); and Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, OSLO, Norway (Vøllestad). hasama@utu.fi.
authors: Hannu
authors: H
authors: Mäkinen
authors: From the Department of Biology, University of Turku, Pharmacity, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4, 20014 University of Turku, Finland (Mäkinen, Papakostas, Leder, and Primmer); and Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, OSLO, Norway (Vøllestad).
authors: Spiros
authors: S
authors: Papakostas
authors: From the Department of Biology, University of Turku, Pharmacity, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4, 20014 University of Turku, Finland (Mäkinen, Papakostas, Leder, and Primmer); and Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, OSLO, Norway (Vøllestad).
authors: Leif Asbjørn
authors: LA
authors: Vøllestad
authors: From the Department of Biology, University of Turku, Pharmacity, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4, 20014 University of Turku, Finland (Mäkinen, Papakostas, Leder, and Primmer); and Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, OSLO, Norway (Vøllestad).
authors: Erica H
authors: EH
authors: Leder
authors: From the Department of Biology, University of Turku, Pharmacity, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4, 20014 University of Turku, Finland (Mäkinen, Papakostas, Leder, and Primmer); and Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, OSLO, Norway (Vøllestad).
authors: Craig R
authors: CR
authors: Primmer
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D004777:Environment; D015870:Gene Expression; D005828:Genetics, Population; D060106:Lakes; D009664:Norway; D010641:Phenotype; D020543:Proteome / Q000235:genetics; D012487:Salmonidae / Q000235:genetics*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome
keywords: evolutionary adaptation; gene expression; plasticity; proteomics.