title: Protobacco Media Exposure and Youth Susceptibility to Smoking Cigarettes, Cigarette Experimentation, and Current Tobacco Use among US Youth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Youth are exposed to many types of protobacco influences, including smoking in movies, which has been shown to cause initiation. This study investigates associations between different channels of protobacco media and susceptibility to smoking cigarettes, cigarette experimentation, and current tobacco use among US middle and high school students.
  
  
  METHODS
  By using data from the 2012 National Youth Tobacco Survey, structural equation modeling was performed in 2013. The analyses examined exposure to tobacco use in different channels of protobacco media on smoking susceptibility, experimentation, and current tobacco use, accounting for perceived peer tobacco use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2012, 27.9% of respondents were never-smokers who reported being susceptible to trying cigarette smoking. Cigarette experimentation increased from 6.3% in 6th grade to 37.1% in 12th grade. Likewise, current tobacco use increased from 5.2% in 6th grade to 33.2% in 12th grade. Structural equation modeling supported a model in which current tobacco use is associated with exposure to static advertising through perception of peer use, and by exposure to tobacco use depicted on TV and in movies, both directly and through perception of peer use. Exposure to static advertising appears to directly increase smoking susceptibility but indirectly (through increased perceptions of peer use) to increase cigarette experimentation. Models that explicitly incorporate peer use as a mediator can better discern the direct and indirect effects of exposure to static advertising on youth tobacco use initiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings underscore the importance of reducing youth exposure to smoking in TV, movies, and static advertising.
authors: Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, N.E., MS F-79, Atlanta, Georgia, 30341, United States of America.
authors: Erika B
authors: EB
authors: Fulmer
authors: Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 50 Beale Street, Suite 1300, San Francisco, California, 94105, United States of America.
authors: Torsten B
authors: TB
authors: Neilands
authors: Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, 140 Decatur Street, Suite 848, Atlanta, Georgia, 30303, United States of America.
authors: Shanta R
authors: SR
authors: Dube
authors: Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, N.E., MS F-79, Atlanta, Georgia, 30341, United States of America.
authors: Nicole M
authors: NM
authors: Kuiper
authors: Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, N.E., MS F-79, Atlanta, Georgia, 30341, United States of America.
authors: Rene A
authors: RA
authors: Arrazola
authors: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 530 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California, 94143-1390, United States of America.
authors: Stanton A
authors: SA
authors: Glantz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008402:Mass Media; D000067074:Peer Influence; D012574:Schools; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States