title: Potential role of nuclear receptor ligand all-trans retinoic acids in the treatment of fungal keratitis.
abstract: Fungal keratitis (FK) is a worldwide visual impairment disease. This infectious fungus initiates the primary innate immune response and, later the adaptive immune response. The inflammatory process is related to a variety of immune cells, including macrophages, helper T cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and Treg cells, and is associated with proinflammatory, chemotactic and regulatory cytokines. All-trans retinoic acids (ATRA) have diverse immunomodulatory actions in a number of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. These retinoids regulate the transcriptional levels of target genes through the activation of nuclear receptors. Retinoic acid receptor α (RAR α), retinoic acid receptor γ (RAR γ), and retinoid X receptor α (RXR α) are expressed in the cornea and immune cells. This paper summarizes new findings regarding ATRA in immune and inflammatory diseases and analyzes the perspective application of ATRA in FK.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China.
authors: Hong-Yan
authors: HY
authors: Zhou
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Zhong
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China.
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China.
authors: Miao-Miao
authors: MM
authors: Bi
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China.
authors: Shuang
authors: S
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Glaucoma, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China.
authors: Wen-Song
authors: WS
authors: Zhang
keywords: all-trans retinoic acid; cornea; fungal keratitis; nuclear receptor