title: Flexible Ureterorenoscopy and Laser Lithotripsy for the Treatment of Allograft Kidney Lithiasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of flexible ureterorenoscopy (F-URS) and laser lithotripsy for the treatment of allograft kidney lithiasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective analysis of 897 consecutive renal transplantations that were performed at our center between February 2008 and December 2014, 6 patients were found to have allograft lithiasis. F-URS and laser lithotripsy were performed 6 times on 5 patients (twice for 1 patient who had stone recurrence after 6 months). Percutaneous nephrolithotomy was used for the remaining patient. Patient demographics and stone characteristics (age, sex, stone size, stone analysis, location, history of shockwave lithotripsy) and perioperative measures (duration of operation, fluoroscopic imaging, success and complication rates) were reviewed. In addition, the technical difficulties of standard F-URS procedures in transplanted kidneys were reviewed and some facilitative techniques were defined to increase the success rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 5 patients underwent 6 F-URS procedures and laser lithotripsy operations for renal graft lithiasis. The mean stone size was 9.2 mm (7.5-11 mm). The mean operation and fluoroscopy times were calculated as 55 minutes (40-70 minutes) and 57.5 seconds (40-80 seconds), respectively. Treatment was successful in all patients and no severe complications or mortality occurred. One patient experienced transient hematuria and recovered within 36 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  F-URS is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive treatment modality for small- and medium-sized stones in allograft kidney lithiasis.
authors: Medicana International Istanbul Hospital, Urology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Sevinc
authors: Medicana International Istanbul Hospital, Urology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: muhsinbalaban1980@yahoo.com.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Balaban
authors: Medicana International Istanbul Hospital, Urology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Ozkaptan
authors: Medicana International Istanbul Hospital, Urology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Karadeniz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D064591:Allografts; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000628:therapy*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D017602:Lithotripsy, Laser / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000379:methods*