title: The immunomodulation to diabetes control: New proposals for the reversion of this disease.
abstract: The diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder, characterized by the hyperglycemia with deficiency in the use of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, resultant of the impairment in secretion and/or insulin action. Severely, the type 1 diabetes provokes the compromise of several organs, causing different disorders and until death of patient. In this way, the literature has shown the general treatments for the type 1 diabetes and currently the focus in immunotherapy and/or immunomodulation, to control of this hyperglycemic condition. The use of new therapies is necessary due to the high increase of incidence of this disease around the world. Recent studies showed an increase of 40% in the cases since 1997. This disease affects different organs, including the glandular tissues, mainly the pancreas. Despite all therapies for diabetes control, the damages occurred remain irreversible. Thus, in addition to general treatments, the use of immunotherapy may open new perspectives for treatment of this disease. Within this aspect, the anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies may be effective, mainly by protect and maintain the pancreatic acinar cells. Thus, these treatments based in the immunomodulation can be an option for diabetes control and to reverse the damage caused by this disease.
authors: Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Rafael Dias
authors: RD
authors: Mâncio
authors: Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Elaine
authors: E
authors: Minatel
authors: Professor of the Graduation and Post Graduation Program (Specialization and MSc degrees) in Orthodontics, Sacred Heart University, USC, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Maurício
authors: M
authors: de Almeida Cardoso
authors: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University D.I Khan, KPK, Pakistan; School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University-WC, Uganda.
authors: Barkat
authors: B
authors: Ali Khan
authors: Department of Morphology and Basic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: caldeira@fmj.br.
authors: Eduardo
authors: E
authors: José Caldeira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000276:immunology*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000276:immunology*; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D017252:CD3 Complex
keywords: Antigen–antibody complex; Diabetes mellitus; Immunotherapy; Treatment; Type 1