title: Evaluation of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on the growth and grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropped in northern Iran.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of four phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on the growth and yield of rice under different soil conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bacterial strains were Rahnella aquatillis (KM977991), Enterobacter sp. (KM977992), Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida. These studies were conducted on different rice cultivars ('Shiroodi', 'Tarom' and 'Tarom Hashemi') in both pot and field experiments. Measurements started from transplanting and continued throughout the growing season in field experiments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Single PSB inoculations in field trials increased grain yield, biological yield, total number of stems hill(-1) , number of panicles hill(-1) and plant height by 8·50-26·9%, 12·4-30·9%, 20·3-38·7%, 22·1-36·1% and 0·85-3·35% in experiment 1, by 7·74-14·7%, 4·22-12·6%, 6·67-16·7%, 4·0-15·4% and 3·15-4·20% in experiment 2 and by 23·4-37%, 16·1-36·4%, 30·2-39·1%, 28·8-34% and 2·11-4·55% in experiment 3, respectively, compared to the control. Our results indicate that the application of triple super phosphate together with PSB inoculations resulted in reducing the use of chemical fertilizers (about 67%) and increasing fertilizer use efficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study clearly indicates that these PSBs can be used as biofertilizers in ecological rice agricultural systems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To the best of our knowledge, this is first report on the association of Rahnella aquatilis with rice and also the application of a mathematical model to evaluate the effect of PSBs on rice growth.
authors: Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan and Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Bakhshandeh
authors: Department of Plant Pathology, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Rahimian
authors: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan and Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Pirdashti
authors: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan and Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
authors: G A
authors: GA
authors: Nematzadeh
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000032:analysis; D007492:Iran; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012275:Oryza / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000382:microbiology; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D012639:Seeds / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D010710:Phosphates
keywords: Enterobacter; Pseudomonas; Rahnella; phosphate solubilizing bacteria; plant growth promotion; rice