title: Elevated IL-3 and IL-12p40 levels in the lower airway of infants with RSV-induced bronchiolitis correlate with recurrent wheezing.
abstract: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the first cause of hospitalization due to bronchiolitis in infants. RSV bronchiolitis has been linked to asthma and recurrent wheezing, however the mechanisms behind this association have not been elucidated. Here, we evaluated the cytokine and chemokine profiles in the airways in infants with RSV bronchiolitis. Nasopharyngeal Aspirates (NPA) and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids (BALF) from infants hospitalized due to RSV bronchiolitis and healthy controls were analyzed for cytokine and chemokine production. We observed elevated levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-3, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13), pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-β, MCP-1/CCL2, MIP-1α/CCL3 and IL-8/CXCL8) in BALF from infants with RSV bronchiolitis, as compared to controls. We found a direct correlation of IL-3 and IL-12p40 levels with the development of recurrent wheezing later in life. These results suggest that IL-3 and IL-12p40 could be considered as molecular predictors for recurrent wheezing due to RSV infection.
authors: División de Pediatría, Unidad de Enfermedades Respiratorias Pediátricas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors: Pablo
authors: P
authors: Bertrand
authors: Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors: Margarita K
authors: MK
authors: Lay
authors: The Cleveland Clinic Pediatric Institute and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, United States.
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Piedimonte
authors: División de Pediatría, Unidad de Enfermedades Respiratorias Pediátricas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors: Pablo E
authors: PE
authors: Brockmann
authors: Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors: Christian E
authors: CE
authors: Palavecino
authors: División de Pediatría, Unidad de Enfermedades Respiratorias Pediátricas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors: Jury
authors: J
authors: Hernández
authors: Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors: Miguel A
authors: MA
authors: León
authors: Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; INSERM U1064, Nantes, France.
authors: Alexis M
authors: AM
authors: Kalergis
authors: Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: sbueno@bio.puc.cl.
authors: Susan M
authors: SM
authors: Bueno
mesh_terms: D001980:Bronchi / Q000378:metabolism*; D001988:Bronchiolitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012008:Recurrence; D012135:Respiratory Sounds; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007377:Interleukin-3; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018664:Interleukin-12
keywords: Asthma; Bronchiolitis; Interleukin-12p40; Interleukin-3; Respiratory Syncytial Virus; T helper 2