title: Gastrointestinal cancers in inflammatory bowel disease: An update with emphasis on imaging findings.
abstract: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal cancers depending on the specific type of IBD, the extent of the disease and its location. Patients with IBD and extensive colonic involvement are at increased risk of colorectal cancer whereas patients with Crohn disease have an increased risk for small-bowel and anal carcinoma. These cancers preferentially develop on sites of longstanding inflammation. In regards to colon cancer, several key pathogenic events are involved, including chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability and hypermethylation. The risk for colon cancer in IBD patients correlates with longer disease duration, presence of sclerosing cholangitis, pancolitis, family history of colorectal cancer, early onset of the disease and severity of bowel inflammation. Identification of increased colorectal cancer risk in individual IBD patients has led to formal surveillance guidelines. Conversely, although an increased risk for other types of cancer has been well identified, no specific formal screening recommendations exist. Consequently, the role of the radiologist is crucial to alert the referring gastroenterologist when a patient with IBD presents with unusual imaging findings at either computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. This review provides an update on demographics, molecular, clinical and histopathological features of gastrointestinal cancers in IBD patients including colorectal carcinoma, small bowel adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine tumors and anal carcinoma, along with a special emphasis on the current role of CT and MR imaging.
authors: Department of Abdominal Imaging, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010 Paris, France. Electronic address: matthias_barral@yahoo.fr.
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Barral
authors: Department of Abdominal Imaging, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010 Paris, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010 Paris, France. Electronic address: anthony.dohan@lrb.aphp.fr.
authors: Anthony
authors: A
authors: Dohan
authors: Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010 Paris, France; Department of Digestive Diseases, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 1 avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France. Electronic address: matthieu.allez@sls.aphp.fr.
authors: Matthieu
authors: M
authors: Allez
authors: Department of Abdominal Imaging, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010 Paris, France. Electronic address: mourad.boudiaf@lrb.aphp.fr.
authors: Mourad
authors: M
authors: Boudiaf
authors: Department of Digestive Diseases, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010 Paris, France. Electronic address: marine.camus@gmail.com.
authors: Marine
authors: M
authors: Camus
authors: Department of Radiology, CHU Nancy-Brabois, Allée du Morvan, 54511 Nancy cedex, France. Electronic address: v_croiselaurent@yahoo.fr.
authors: Valérie
authors: V
authors: Laurent
authors: Department of Radiology, Hôpital Robert Debré, 11 Boulevard Pasteur, 51092 Reims cedex, France. Electronic address: choeffel-fornes@chu-reims.fr.
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Hoeffel
authors: Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010 Paris, France. Electronic address: philippe.soyer@lrb.aphp.fr.
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Soyer
mesh_terms: D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D019175:DNA Methylation; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D053842:Microsatellite Instability; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Anal Cancer; Colorectal cancer; Computed tomography, MR imaging, Gastrointestinal cancer; Crohn disease; Diagnostic imaging; Inflammatory bowel disease; Small bowel cancer; Ulcerative colitis