title: Image Charge Effects on the Formation of Pickering Emulsions.
abstract: Vigorous mixing of an aqueous particle dispersion with oil usually produces a particle-stabilized emulsion (a "Pickering emulsion"), the longevity of which depends on the particles' wetting properties. A known exception occurs when particles fail to adsorb to the oil-water interface created during mixing because of a strong repulsion between charges on the particle surface and similar charges on the oil-water interface; in this case, no Pickering emulsion is formed. Here, we present experimental evidence that the rarely considered electrostatic image force can cause a much bigger hindrance to particle adsorption and prevent the formation of Pickering emulsions even when the particle interaction with the interface charge is attractive. A simple theoretical estimate confirms the observed magnitude of this effect and points at an important limitation of Pickering emulsification, a technology with widespread industrial applications and increasing popularity in materials research and development.
authors: Hongzhi
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: Virendra
authors: V
authors: Singh
authors: Sven Holger
authors: SH
authors: Behrens
keywords: Pickering emulsions; colloids; electric double layer; electrostatics; image charge; oil−water interfaces; particle adsorption