title: Determination of a selection of synthetic cannabinoids and metabolites in urine by UHPSFC-MS/MS and by UHPLC-MS/MS.
abstract: Two different analytical techniques, ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPSFC-MS/MS) and reversed phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), were used for the determination of two synthetic cannabinoids and eleven metabolites in urine; AM-2201 N-4-OH-pentyl, AM-2233, JWH-018 N-5-OH-pentyl, JWH-018 N-pentanoic acid, JWH-073 N-4-OH-butyl, JWH-073 N-butanoic acid, JWH-122 N-5-OH-pentyl, MAM-2201, MAM-2201 N-4-OH-pentyl, RCS-4 N-5-OH-pentyl, UR-144 degradant N-pentanoic acid, UR-144 N-4-OH-pentyl, and UR-144 N-pentanoic acid. Sample preparation included a liquid-liquid extraction after deconjugation with ß-glucuronidase. The UHPSFC-MS/MS method used an Acquity UPC(2 TM) BEH column with a mobile phase consisting of CO2 and 0.3% ammonia in methanol, while the UHPLC-MS/MS method used an Acquity UPLC® BEH C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of 5 mM ammonium formate (pH 10.2) and methanol. MS/MS detection was performed with positive electrospray ionization and two multiple reaction monitoring transitions. Deuterated internal standards were used for six of the compounds. Limits of quantification (LOQs) were between 0.04 and 0.4 µg/L. Between-day relative standard deviations at concentrations ≥ LOQ were ≤20%, with biases within ±19%. Recoveries ranged from 40 to 90%. Corrected matrix effects were within 100 ± 10%, except for MAM-2201 with UHPSFC-MS/MS, and for UR-144 N-pentanoic acid and MAM-2201 N-4-OH-pentyl with UHPLC-MS/MS. Elution order obtained by UHPSFC-MS/MS was almost opposite to that obtained by UHPLC-MS/MS, making this instrument setup an interesting combination for screening and confirmation analyses in forensic cases. The UHPLC-MS/MS method has, since August 2014, been successfully used for confirmation of synthetic cannabinoids in urine samples revealing a positive immunoassay screening result. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors: Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Forensic Sciences, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Berg
authors: Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Forensic Sciences, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Lakhwinder
authors: L
authors: Kaur
authors: Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Forensic Sciences, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Risnes
authors: Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Forensic Sciences, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Stine Marie
authors: SM
authors: Havig
authors: Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Forensic Sciences, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Ritva
authors: R
authors: Karinen
mesh_terms: D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction / Q000379:methods; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002186:Cannabinoids
keywords: UHPLC-MS/MS; UHPSFC-MS/MS; forensic toxicology; synthetic cannabinoids and metabolites; urine