title: Efficacy and safety of topical difluprednate in persistent diabetic macular edema.
abstract: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment of diabetic macular edema (persistent type) with difluprednate ophthalmic emulsion 0.05 % (off label use). 20 patients with persistent diabetic macular edema were enrolled. In all subjects, more than 4 months had passed since prior treatment. All patients were treated with difluprednate ophthalmic emulsion 0.05 % three times daily for 3 months. At the end of 3 months the visual acuity had increased by two lines to a mean value of 0.61 ± 0.18 on logMAR from a baseline value of 0.885 ± 0.20 and the central retinal thickness had decreased from 423 ± 72.04 microns to 345 ± 68.7 microns. Hence, there was a total of 18.4 % decrease in retinal thickness on difluprednate. Major side effects included raised intraocular pressure in 20 %. Difluprednate is a potent and strong steroid which causes a rapid decrease in persistent diabetic macular edema. However, the potential side effect of raised intraocular pressure limits its use as an adjuvant therapy in non-steroid responders.
authors: Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Room no 116, Chandigarh, India. mailsavleen@gmail.com.
authors: Savleen
authors: S
authors: Kaur
authors: Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
authors: Sonam
authors: S
authors: Yangzes
authors: Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
authors: Swati
authors: S
authors: Singh
authors: SGHSC Eye Hospital, Sohanna, Chandigarh, Punjab, India.
authors: Nishant
authors: N
authors: Sachdev
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005477:Fluprednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D005477:Fluprednisolone; C015808:difluprednate
keywords: Diabetic macular edema; Medical treatment; Steroid