title: Perceived stress status and sympathetic nervous system activation in young male patients with coronary artery disease in China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Young Chinese male adults have faced increasing psychological stress. Whether this is associated with the increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in young Chinese males remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation and underlying mechanisms of perceived stress and CAD in young male patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 178 male patients diagnosed as young CAD (aged ≤ 55 years) by coronary angiography (CAG) were enrolled, and 181 age-matched non-CAD individuals were set as control group. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors and levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine were measured, and perceived stress status was accessed by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PSS score was correlated with levels of epinephrine (r=0.45), norepinephrine (r=0.41), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (r=0.38, p<0.01), and current smoking (r=0.32) (all p<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking (OR, 3.12; 95%CI, 1.23-7.91), triglycerides (OR, 1.42; 95%CI, 1.04-1.94), hs-CRP (OR, 3.57; 95%CI, 1.65-7.72), and PSS score (OR, 1.81; 95%CI, 1.23-2.66) were independently correlated with CAD in young patients. The association between PSS score and risk of CAD become insignificant (OR, 1.43; 95%CI, 0.96-2.13) when further adjusted for the levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After adjustment for multiple cardiovascular risk factors, high perceived stress was an independent risk factor for CAD in young Chinese male patients. Abnormal activation of the sympathetic nervous system may play an important role linking perceived stress with the risk of CAD.
authors: Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan, China.
authors: You
authors: Y
authors: Yang
authors: Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Cardiology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital at Xiamen, China.
authors: Minghui
authors: M
authors: Bi
authors: Department of Internal medicine, The First People's Hospital of Shunde Affiliated Xingtan Hospital, Foshan, China.
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Xiao
authors: Department of Psychology, The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan, China.
authors: Qiaopin
authors: Q
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Internal medicine, The First People's Hospital of Shunde Affiliated Xingtan Hospital, Foshan, China.
authors: Wenron
authors: W
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan, China.
authors: Wensheng
authors: W
authors: Li
authors: Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan, China.
authors: Yanxian
authors: Y
authors: Wu
authors: Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan, China. Electronic address: huyunzhao4406@163.com.
authors: Yunzhao
authors: Y
authors: Hu
authors: Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan, China. Electronic address: hyuli821@163.com.
authors: Yuli
authors: Y
authors: Huang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014280:Triglycerides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Coronary artery disease; Perceived stress status; Risk factors; Young