title: PERVALE-S: a new cognitive task to assess deaf people's ability to perceive basic and social emotions.
abstract: A poorly understood aspect of deaf people (DP) is how their emotional information is processed. Verbal ability is key to improve emotional knowledge in people. Nevertheless, DP are unable to distinguish intonation, intensity, and the rhythm of language due to lack of hearing. Some DP have acquired both lip-reading abilities and sign language, but others have developed only sign language. PERVALE-S was developed to assess the ability of DP to perceive both social and basic emotions. PERVALE-S presents different sets of visual images of a real deaf person expressing both basic and social emotions, according to the normative standard of emotional expressions in Spanish Sign Language. Emotional expression stimuli were presented at two different levels of intensity (1: low; and 2: high) because DP do not distinguish an object in the same way as hearing people (HP) do. Then, participants had to click on the more suitable emotional expression. PERVALE-S contains video instructions (given by a sign language interpreter) to improve DP's understanding about how to use the software. DP had to watch the videos before answering the items. To test PERVALE-S, a sample of 56 individuals was recruited (18 signers, 8 lip-readers, and 30 HP). Participants also performed a personality test (High School Personality Questionnaire adapted) and a fluid intelligence (Gf) measure (RAPM). Moreover, all deaf participants were rated by four teachers for the deaf.
  
  
  RESULTS
  there were no significant differences between deaf and HP in performance in PERVALE-S. Confusion matrices revealed that embarrassment, envy, and jealousy were worse perceived. Age was just related to social-emotional tasks (but not in basic emotional tasks). Emotional perception ability was related mainly to warmth and consciousness, but negatively related to tension. Meanwhile, Gf was related to only social-emotional tasks. There were no gender differences.
authors: Laboratorio de Inteligencia Emocional, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Cádiz Cadiz, Spain.
authors: José M
authors: JM
authors: Mestre
authors: Laboratorio de Inteligencia Emocional, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Cádiz Cadiz, Spain.
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Larrán
authors: Centro de Educación Especial para Sordos, Junta de Andalucía Jerez de la Frontera, Spain.
authors: Joaquín
authors: J
authors: Herrero
authors: Laboratorio de Inteligencia Emocional, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Cádiz Cadiz, Spain.
authors: Rocío
authors: R
authors: Guil
authors: Laboratorio de Inteligencia Emocional, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Cádiz Cadiz, Spain.
authors: Gabriel G
authors: GG
authors: de la Torre
keywords: adaptation criteria in deaf people; assessing emotional perception; deaf; emotional knowledge in deaf people; emotional perception ability; emotional perception measure