title: Induction of labor in breech presentations at term: a retrospective observational study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to evaluate whether induction of breech delivery at term is feasible and safe for mother and child compared with spontaneous vaginal breech delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 268 singleton term breech deliveries with an attempted vaginal delivery were identified in a single-center retrospective observational study. Out of these, 73 cases had an induction of labor for various medical and obstetric reasons and were compared to 195 spontaneous singleton breech deliveries. The main outcome measure was the mode of delivery. Secondary outcomes included maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The vaginal delivery rate in the induction group was 64.4% compared with 80% in the spontaneous delivery group. No statistical differences were observed between the two delivery groups regarding neonatal and maternal morbidity and mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The vaginal delivery rate was significantly lower in induced than in spontaneous breech deliveries. The neonatal and maternal morbidity and mortality rates were similar implying that induction in breech delivery is an option and it is time for clinical reappraisal.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 2, 00029, Helsinki, Finland. georg.macharey@hus.fi.
authors: Georg
authors: G
authors: Macharey
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 2, 00029, Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Veli-Matti
authors: VM
authors: Ulander
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 2, 00029, Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Seppo
authors: S
authors: Heinonen
authors: Department of Health and Social Affairs, Fresenius University of Applied Sciences, Idstein, Germany.
authors: Karel
authors: K
authors: Kostev
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 2, 00029, Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Mika
authors: M
authors: Nuutila
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 2, 00029, Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Mervi
authors: M
authors: Väisänen-Tommiska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001946:Breech Presentation; D002585:Cesarean Section; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007751:Labor, Induced; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D047929:Term Birth
keywords: Breech presentation; Cesarean; Induction; Mode of delivery; Morbidity; Mortality