title: Hallux Rigidus: Nonoperative Treatment and Orthotics.
abstract: Hallux rigidus, the most common degenerative disorder of the foot, is accountable for abnormality of gait and restriction of activity levels and daily function. This article describes and reviews the available literature on nonoperative modalities available in the treatment of hallux rigidus, including manipulation and intra-articular injections, shoe modifications and orthotics, physical therapy, and experimental therapies.
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore.
authors: Remesh
authors: R
authors: Kunnasegaran
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore. Electronic address: gowreeson_thevendran@ttsh.com.sg.
authors: Gowreeson
authors: G
authors: Thevendran
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D061826:Foot Orthoses / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D020859:Hallux Rigidus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D008297:Male; D008349:Manipulation, Orthopedic / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones
keywords: Hallux rigidus; Nonoperative; Orthotics; Osteoarthritis