title: Shame among people living with HIV: a literature review.
abstract: Shame is consistently associated with poor adjustment (e.g., depressive symptoms) among community samples but, surprisingly, has rarely been directly examined among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH). This limited research on shame is likely due, in part, to shame's having been subsumed within measures of internalized stigma, an imprecise construct with varied definitions in the HIV literature. The current review summarizes research directly examining the correlates of shame among PLWH. Findings indicate that shame is associated with greater depressive symptoms, less healthcare utilization, and poorer physical health among PLWH. Directions for future research examining shame among PLWH are highlighted, including the need for more prospective research examining shame as a predictor of future adjustment.
authors: a Department of Psychiatry , Drexel University , 4641 Roosevelt Blvd, Philadelphia , PA 19124 , USA.
authors: David S
authors: DS
authors: Bennett
authors: a Department of Psychiatry , Drexel University , 4641 Roosevelt Blvd, Philadelphia , PA 19124 , USA.
authors: Kerry
authors: K
authors: Traub
authors: a Department of Psychiatry , Drexel University , 4641 Roosevelt Blvd, Philadelphia , PA 19124 , USA.
authors: Lauren
authors: L
authors: Mace
authors: b Department of Psychology , Drexel University , Stratton Hall, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA.
authors: Adrienne
authors: A
authors: Juarascio
authors: a Department of Psychiatry , Drexel University , 4641 Roosevelt Blvd, Philadelphia , PA 19124 , USA.
authors: C Virginia
authors: CV
authors: O'Hayer
mesh_terms: D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000523:psychology*; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology*; D012752:Shame; D057545:Social Stigma
keywords: HIV; adjustment; depressive symptoms; physical health; shame; stigma