title: Functional movement disorder: a long journey to diagnosis.
abstract: A 61-year-old man presented to a country clinic with involuntary orofacial movements and progressive cognitive decline, causing significant disability and psychosocial distress. Review of records uncovered a 7-year history of presentations to several specialties, including memory clinics, neurology, internal medicine and emergency departments, with varied symptoms, extensive complex work up and inconclusive diagnosis. Comprehensive review at our hospital highlighted inconsistent neurological signs, fluctuating cognition and psychosocial stressors, which preceded symptom onset, leading to the diagnosis of a functional movement disorder (FMD), which subsequently improved with relaxation therapy, cognitive-behavioural therapy and physiotherapy. We illustrate a variety of somatic symptoms, diagnostic clues and management outcomes for FMDs, and the importance of diagnostic criteria to minimise costly, time-consuming and ultimately unnecessary tests of exclusion.
authors: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fremantle Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors: Sneha
authors: S
authors: Bharadwaj
authors: Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors: Melissa
authors: M
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Neurology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors: Andrew Campbell
authors: AC
authors: Moffat
mesh_terms: D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D020820:Dyskinesias / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D005145:Face; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests