title: MDCT and MRI of the ampulla of Vater. Part II: non-epithelial neoplasms, benign ampullary disorders, and pitfalls.
abstract: The purpose of this two-part article is to review the cross-sectional imaging features of benign and malignant ampullary conditions with endoscopic and histopathologic correlation and to present the most common pitfalls in the evaluation of the ampulla. In this part, we will review the mesenchymal and secondary neoplasms of the ampulla, a vast array of benign ampullary conditions, causes of bulging papilla, and pitfalls. Familiarity with ampullary pathologic conditions and pitfalls, as well as the use of optimized MDCT and MRI techniques, may improve the diagnostic accuracy of radiologists facing ampullary abnormalities.
authors: Division of Body MRI, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA. pragia@hotmail.com.
authors: Francesco
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1681-1284
authors: F
authors: Alessandrino
authors: Department of Radiology, Faulkner Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Souza
authors: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Center of Radiology and MR, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Aleksandar M
authors: AM
authors: Ivanovic
authors: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St-Boniface Hospital, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors: Dejana
authors: D
authors: Radulovic
authors: Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
authors: Eric U
authors: EU
authors: Yee
authors: Division of Body MRI, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
authors: Koenraad J
authors: KJ
authors: Mortele
mesh_terms: D014670:Ampulla of Vater / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D003137:Common Bile Duct Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D003138:Common Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography
keywords: Ampulla of Vater; Ampullary stenosis; Ampullitis; CT–MRI; Papilla