title: Effects of Pheromone Release Rate and Trap Placement on Trapping of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Canada.
abstract: The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is a devastating insect pest in its introduced range. A trapping system that increases trap catches or detection rates in low-density populations would be beneficial for survey programs. Five trapping experiments were conducted to investigate factors influencing capture rates of male beetles on dark green traps baited with the A. planipennis pheromone, (3Z)-dodecen-12-olide ((3Z)-lactone), plus the green leaf volatile, (3Z)-hexenol. Low doses (0.001-1.0 mg) of (3Z)-lactone + (3Z)-hexenol did not consistently increase captures of male A. planipennis. In other experiments, mean captures of males were significantly higher on traps baited with a moderate dose (3.0 mg/septum) of (3Z)-lactone + (3Z)-hexenol, compared with lower doses (0.001, 0.1, and 1.0 mg) or (3Z)-hexenol alone. Next, we demonstrated that addition of (3Z)-lactone to traps baited with (3Z)-hexenol resulted in significantly greater increases in male captures when pairs of traps were placed on the same tree, than when traps were placed on adjacent trees. Moreover, significantly more A. planipennis were captured on pheromone-baited traps placed in the southern versus northern aspect of the crown. These results highlight the importance of experimental set-up for elucidating lure treatment effects and also suggests the (3Z)-lactone may be more active at close range. Our findings increase our understanding of the pheromone ecology of this species and lend support toward the use of dark green traps baited with 3.0 mg (3Z)-lactone + (3Z)-hexenol deployed in the south aspect of the canopy for detection programs for this insect.
authors: Natural Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. kryall@nrcan.gc.ca.
authors: Krista L
authors: KL
authors: Ryall
authors: Natural Resources Canada, Atlantic Forestry Centre, 1350 Regent St., Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada.
authors: Peter J
authors: PJ
authors: Silk
authors: Natural Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada.
authors: Jeff
authors: J
authors: Fidgen
authors: Natural Resources Canada, Atlantic Forestry Centre, 1350 Regent St., Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Mayo
authors: Natural Resources Canada, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du PEPS, Québec, QC G1V 4C7, Canada.
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Lavallée
authors: INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531, boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.
authors: Claude
authors: C
authors: Guertin
authors: Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Forest Management Branch, 70 Foster Drive, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 6V5, Canada.
authors: Taylor
authors: T
authors: Scarr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002633:Chemotaxis; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D031661:Fraxinus / Q000737:chemistry; D000441:Hexanols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D007783:Lactones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009864:Ontario; D010675:Pheromones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D011156:Population Density; D011792:Quebec; D014197:Trees; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000441:Hexanols; D007783:Lactones; D010675:Pheromones; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C010411:insect attractants; C051918:3-hexen-1-ol
keywords: (3Z)-lactone; detection; emerald ash borer; pheromone; trap placement