title: Elevated concentration of cytokines in aqueous in post-vitrectomy eyes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aim to study the level of inflammatory cytokines in aqueous of post-vitrectomy eyes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aqueous samples were obtained from post-vitrectomy eyes that underwent cataract surgery. Samples from age-related cataract patients were also collected as controls. The concentrations of cytokines were measured by array-based multiplex sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system and microparticle-based multiplex cytokine assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen post-vitrectomy eyes from 18 patients were included; all received one vitrectomy with gas injection for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The mean interval between vitrectomy and cataract surgery was 22.33 months (range 6 to 80). Primary results show that in post-vitrectomy eyes the levels of many cytokines, such as B-lymphocyte chemo-attractant, I-309, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, interferon γ-induced protein-10 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1, were higher than control. Further analysis demonstrated that the levels of IL-8, interferon γ-induced protein-10 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 were significantly elevated in post-vitrectomy eyes, even after the subjects were divided by their refractive state.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The concentrations of some cytokines were increased in the anterior chambers of post-vitrectomy eyes even a long time after vitreous surgery. This surge in post-operative cytokines might cause changing in the micro-environment of the anterior, and this might contribute to the development of secondary glaucoma or fasten the development of cataract in these eyes.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors: RuiPing
authors: R
authors: Gu
authors: Department of Ophthalmology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Zhou
authors: Department of Ophthalmology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.|Department of Ophthalmology, No. 5 People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
authors: ChunHui
authors: C
authors: Jiang
authors: Department of Ophthalmology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Yu
authors: Department of Ophthalmology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors: GeZhi
authors: G
authors: Xu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D058450:Endotamponade; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D014821:Vitrectomy
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: aqueous; blood-retinal barrier; pars plana vitrectomy