title: The Arabidopsis immune regulator SRFR1 dampens defences against herbivory by Spodoptera exigua and parasitism by Heterodera schachtii.
abstract: Plants have developed diverse mechanisms to fine tune defence responses to different types of enemy. Cross-regulation between signalling pathways may allow the prioritization of one response over another. Previously, we identified SUPPRESSOR OF rps4-RLD1 (SRFR1) as a negative regulator of ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 (EDS1)-dependent effector-triggered immunity against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 expressing avrRps4. The use of multiple stresses is a powerful tool to further define gene function. Here, we examined whether SRFR1 also impacts resistance to a herbivorous insect in leaves and to a cyst nematode in roots. Interestingly, srfr1-1 plants showed increased resistance to herbivory by the beet army worm Spodoptera exigua and to parasitism by the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii compared with the corresponding wild-type Arabidopsis accession RLD. Using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to measure the transcript levels of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonate/ethylene (JA/ET) pathway genes, we found that enhanced resistance of srfr1-1 plants to S. exigua correlated with specific upregulation of the MYC2 branch of the JA pathway concurrent with suppression of the SA pathway. In contrast, the greater susceptibility of RLD was accompanied by simultaneously increased transcript levels of SA, JA and JA/ET signalling pathway genes. Surprisingly, mutation of either SRFR1 or EDS1 increased resistance to H. schachtii, indicating that the concurrent presence of both wild-type genes promotes susceptibility. This finding suggests a novel form of resistance in Arabidopsis to the biotrophic pathogen H. schachtii or a root-specific regulation of the SA pathway by EDS1, and places SRFR1 at an intersection between multiple defence pathways.
authors: Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA.|Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA.
authors: Phuong Dung T
authors: PD
authors: Nguyen
authors: Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA.|Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA.
authors: Sharon
authors: S
authors: Pike
authors: Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA.|Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA.
authors: Jianying
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA.|Division of Biochemistry and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA.
authors: Arati
authors: A
authors: Nepal Poudel
authors: Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA.|Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA.
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Heinz
authors: Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA.|Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA.
authors: Jack C
authors: JC
authors: Schultz
authors: Division of Biochemistry and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA.
authors: Abraham J
authors: AJ
authors: Koo
authors: Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA.|Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA.
authors: Melissa G
authors: MG
authors: Mitchum
authors: Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA.|Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA.
authors: Heidi M
authors: HM
authors: Appel
authors: Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA.|Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA.
authors: Walter
authors: W
authors: Gassmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D060434:Herbivory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000494:pharmacology; D010271:Parasites / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D018411:Spodoptera / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014431:Tylenchoidea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D054883:Oxylipins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C543708:SRFR1 protein, Arabidopsis; C011006:jasmonic acid; D020156:Salicylic Acid
keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana; beet armyworm; beet cyst nematode; jasmonic acid; salicylic acid; signalling