title: High-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA amplicons characterizes bacterial composition in cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with purulent meningitis.
abstract: Purulent meningitis (PM) is a severe infectious disease that is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. It has been recognized that bacterial infection is a major contributing factor to the pathogenesis of PM. However, there is a lack of information on the bacterial composition in PM, due to the low positive rate of cerebrospinal fluid bacterial culture. Herein, we aimed to discriminate and identify the main pathogens and bacterial composition in cerebrospinal fluid sample from PM patients using high-throughput sequencing approach. The cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected from 26 PM patients, and were determined as culture-negative samples. The polymerase chain reaction products of the hypervariable regions of 16S rDNA gene in these 26 samples of PM were sequenced using the 454 GS FLX system. The results showed that there were 71,440 pyrosequencing reads, of which, the predominant phyla were Proteobacteria and Firmicutes; and the predominant genera were Streptococcus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Neisseria. The bacterial species in the cerebrospinal fluid were complex, with 61.5% of the samples presenting with mixed pathogens. A significant number of bacteria belonging to a known pathogenic potential was observed. The number of operational taxonomic units for individual samples ranged from six to 75 and there was a comparable difference in the species diversity that was calculated through alpha and beta diversity analysis. Collectively, the data show that high-throughput sequencing approach facilitates the characterization of the pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid and determine the abundance and the composition of bacteria in the cerebrospinal fluid samples of the PM patients, which may provide a better understanding of pathogens in PM and assist clinicians to make rational and effective therapeutic decisions.
authors: Neurology Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Brain Diseases of Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
authors: Aicui
authors: A
authors: Liu
authors: Neurology Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Brain Diseases of Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
authors: Chao
authors: C
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
authors: Zhijuan
authors: Z
authors: Liang
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors: Zhi-Wei
authors: ZW
authors: Zhou
authors: Neurology Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Brain Diseases of Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: Neurology Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Brain Diseases of Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
authors: Qiaoli
authors: Q
authors: Ma
authors: Neurology Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Brain Diseases of Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
authors: Guowei
authors: G
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors: Shu-Feng
authors: SF
authors: Zhou
authors: Neurology Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Brain Diseases of Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
authors: Zhenhai
authors: Z
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000382:microbiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016920:Meningitis, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
keywords: Bioinformatics; OTU; cerebrospinal fluid sample