title: Paediatric Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe Paediatric Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in terms of safety and efficacy in a group of 26 children.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, from January 2011 to June 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  PCNL of 26 children was done by standard technique. The patients were analyzed for age, gender, presenting symptoms, stone size, site, PCNL approach, operative time, stone clearance, hospital stay and per-operative and postoperative complications. Descriptive statistics were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 9.21 ±5.70 years. Seventeen (65.4%) patients were male whereas 9 (34.6%) patients were female. Flank pain was the most common presenting symptom. Mean stone size was 2.21 ±1.04 cm. Mean operative time was 158.8 ±39.63 minutes and mean hospital stay was 2.84 ±1.14 days. Postoperative transfusion was required in only one case (4%). There was no episode of sepsis or perinephric collection. Per-operative stone clearance was 93.28% ± 9.23%. Conversion to open was seen in one (4%) case. DJ stent was placed in 7 (27%) cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PCNL is a safe and effective way of treating renal stones in paediatric age group.
authors: Department of Urology and Kidney Transplant, Pakistan Kidney Institute, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad.
authors: Nadeem J
authors: NJ
authors: Iqbal
authors: Department of Urology and Kidney Transplant, Pakistan Kidney Institute, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad.
authors: Durre
authors: D
authors: Shohab
authors: Department of Urology and Kidney Transplant, Pakistan Kidney Institute, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad.
authors: Ijaz
authors: I
authors: Hussain
authors: Department of Medical Student, Pakistan Kidney Institute, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad.
authors: Rizwana
authors: R
authors: Sadaf
authors: Department of Medical Student, Pakistan Kidney Institute, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad.
authors: Sehrish
authors: S
authors: Waqar
authors: Department of Urology and Kidney Transplant, Pakistan Kidney Institute, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad.
authors: Gul
authors: G
authors: Nawaz
authors: Department of Urology and Kidney Transplant, Pakistan Kidney Institute, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad.
authors: Saeed
authors: S
authors: Akhter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008096:Lithotripsy; D008297:Male; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D061646:Operative Time; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000473:pathology; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000601:surgery*