title: Outcomes of women with gestational diabetes mellitus in Sweden.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The number of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy is increasing around the world and in our region in the south Sweden 1.2% of all pregnant women received the GDM diagnosis in the 90s and now it is about 2.2%. The aim of this study was to compare women with GDM 1995-99 against women with GDM 2012-13 regarding eventual differences in demographics and pregnancy outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  In our region in Sweden, all pregnant women are tested for GDM with a 2-h 75g oral glucose tolerance test and the 2-h cut off value for GDM is ≥10.0mmol/l in capillary plasma glucose. 1995-99 there were 131 women with GDM and their medical journals were compared against the 210 women with GDM during 2012-13. The same screening and diagnostic method was uses during the whole time period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 2012-13 GDM pregnancies there were more non-Scandinavian women, more women with insulin treatment during pregnancy and a higher frequency of cesarean deliveries compared to 1995. First weight of the women during GDM pregnancy 2012-13 was significantly higher than the weight of women with GDM 1995-99, 71kg (43-138; n=201) and 65kg (43-133; n=125) (p=0.008) respectively. However, there was no significant difference in weight of the mother at delivery. Birth weight of the child in GDM pregnancies 1995-99 was 3722.4g±578.2 (n=109; p=0.009), and in GDM pregnancies 2012-13 3555.6g±465.8 (n=162).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even though women with GDM 2012-13 weigh more when they start the pregnancy there is no difference in weight at delivery compared to women with GDM 1995-99. This is also reflected on the newborn, that 2012-13 had significantly lower birth weight but with the same gestational length as 1995-1999. We believe that this is due to a more active and intense treatment of women with GDM during pregnancy together with higher frequency of cesarean delivery. Prevention of large infants is crucial to avoid complications during delivery.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Institution of Clinical Science, Helsingborg Hospital, Lund University, Sweden. Electronic address: Charlotta.Nilsson@med.lu.se.
authors: Charlotta
authors: C
authors: Nilsson
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Institution of Clinical Science, Helsingborg Hospital, Lund University, Sweden.
authors: Caroline
authors: C
authors: Andersson
authors: Department of Endocrinology, Institution of Clinical Science, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden.
authors: Dag
authors: D
authors: Ursing
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institution of Clinical Science, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden.
authors: Helena
authors: H
authors: Strevens
authors: Department of Endocrinology, Institution of Clinical Science, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden.
authors: Mona
authors: M
authors: Landin-Olsson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D001835:Body Weight / Q000208:ethnology; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000639:trends; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin
keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus; Improved outcome