title: The Triple-Code Model for Pancreatic Cancer: Cross Talk Among Genetics, Epigenetics, and Nuclear Structure.
abstract: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is painful, generally incurable, and frequently lethal. The current progression model indicates that this cancer evolves by mutations and deletions in key oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. This article describes an updated, more comprehensive model that includes concepts from the fields of epigenetics and nuclear architecture. Widespread use of next-generation sequencing for identifying genetic and epigenetic changes genome-wide will help identify and validate more and better markers for this disease. Epigenetic alterations are amenable to pharmacologic manipulations, thus this new integrated paradigm will contribute to advance this field from a mechanistic and translational point of view.
authors: Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Guggenheim 10-24A, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address: lomberk.gwen@mayo.edu.
authors: Gwen A
authors: GA
authors: Lomberk
authors: Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 10-42C, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Biophysics, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 10-42C, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 10-42C, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address: urrutia.raul@mayo.edu.
authors: Raul
authors: R
authors: Urrutia
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009154:Mutation; D009707:Nucleosomes; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009707:Nucleosomes
keywords: Epigenetics; Pancreatic adenocarcinoma; Triple-code hypothesis