title: Effects of inflow velocity profile on two-dimensional hemodynamic analysis by ordinary and ultrasonic-measurement-integrated simulations.
abstract: Two-dimensional ultrasonic-measurement-integrated (2D-UMI) simulation correctly reproduces hemodynamics even with an inexact inflow velocity distribution. This study aimed to investigate which is superior, a two-dimensional ordinary (2D-O) simulation with an accurate inflow velocity distribution or a 2D-UMI simulation with an inaccurate one. 2D-O and 2D-UMI simulations were performed for blood flow in a carotid artery with four upstream velocity boundary conditions: a velocity profile with backprojected measured Doppler velocities (condition A), and velocity profiles with a measured Doppler velocity distribution, a parabolic one, and a uniform one, magnitude being obtained by inflow velocity estimation (conditions B, C, and D, respectively). The error of Doppler velocity against the measurement data was sensitive to the inflow velocity distribution in the 2D-O simulation, but not in the 2D-UMI simulation with the inflow velocity estimation. Among the results in conditions B, C, and D, the error in the worst 2D-UMI simulation with condition D was 31 % of that in the best 2D-O simulation with condition B, implying the superiority of the 2D-UMI simulation with an inaccurate inflow velocity distribution over the 2D-O simulation with an exact one. Condition A resulted in a larger error than the other conditions in both the 2D-O and 2D-UMI simulations.
authors: Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.
authors: Takaumi
authors: T
authors: Kato
authors: Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.
authors: Shusaku
authors: S
authors: Sone
authors: Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan. funamoto@fris.tohoku.ac.jp.
authors: Kenichi
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-0910
authors: K
authors: Funamoto
authors: Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
authors: Toshiyuki
authors: T
authors: Hayase
authors: Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.
authors: Hiroko
authors: H
authors: Kadowaki
authors: Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
authors: Nobuyuki
authors: N
authors: Taniguchi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Computational fluid dynamics; Hemodynamics; Measurement-integrated simulation; Ultrasound color Doppler imaging; Upstream boundary condition