title: Effects of an antioxidant beverage on biomarkers of oxidative stress in Alzheimer's patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to test whether daily consumption of a beverage with high antioxidant power, combining extracts of green tea and apple over a period of 8 months, would affect blood and urinary concentrations of biomarkers of oxidative stress in Alzheimer's patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 100 subjects, 48 of them were Alzheimer's patients, aged 76.5 ± 3.5 years, and 52 were control subjects, aged 79 ± 4 years, without dementia. Three blood and urine samples were taken from each participant, the first (T i) before starting the antioxidant or placebo beverage intake, the second (T m) 4 months after the antioxidant or placebo beverage intake and the third (T f) 8 months after the antioxidant or placebo beverage intake, and concentrations of biomarkers of oxidative stress were measured on serum, lysed erythrocytes or urine by UV-Vis spectrophotometry or by competitive in vitro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, according to the parameter analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The administration of the antioxidant beverage to the Alzheimer's patients prevented the decrease in total antioxidant status in the moderate phase of the disease (T i = 1.40 ± 0.10 mmol/L vs T f = 1.20 ± 0.08 mmol/L), increased values of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in initial (165 and 24 % respectively) and moderate phase (75 and 85 % respectively), and prevented the increase in protein carbonyls in moderate phase (T i = 0.17 ± 0.07 nmol/mg protein vs T f = 0.21 ± 0.06 nmol/mg protein), with a significant decrease in protein carbonyls since the fourth month of the intake in initial phase (T m = 0.21 ± 0.06 nmol/mg protein vs T f = 0.11 ± 0.05 nmol/mg protein).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that antioxidant beverage could be used as a natural complementary therapy for alleviate or decrease the oxidative stress effects in the stages of Alzheimer's disease.
authors: Departamento de Tecnología de la Alimentación y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos, s/n, 30107, Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain. jmrubio@ucam.edu.
authors: Jose M
authors: JM
authors: Rubio-Perez
authors: Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital General Universitario Santa Lucía, C/Mezquita, s/n, Paraje los Arcos, Santa Lucía, 30202, Cartagena, Spain.
authors: Maria D
authors: MD
authors: Albaladejo
authors: Departamento de Tecnología de la Alimentación y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos, s/n, 30107, Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain.
authors: Pilar
authors: P
authors: Zafrilla
authors: Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Hero España, S.A., Avenida de Murcia, 1, 30820, Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain.
authors: Maria L
authors: ML
authors: Vidal-Guevara
authors: Departamento de Tecnología de la Alimentación y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos, s/n, 30107, Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain.
authors: Juana M
authors: JM
authors: Morillas-Ruiz
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D028421:Isoprostanes / Q000652:urine; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D028421:Isoprostanes; D008055:Lipids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013662:Tea; D006710:Homocysteine; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D005293:Ferritins; D005492:Folic Acid; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; D014805:Vitamin B 12
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Antioxidant; Apple; Beverage; Green tea; Oxidative stress