title: Renal blood perfusion in GK rats using targeted contrast enhanced ultrasonography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore application of targeted contrast enhanced ultrasonography in diagnosis of early stage vascular endothelial injury and diabetic nephropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Targeted SonoVue-TM microbubble was prepared by attaching anti-TM monoclonal antibody to the surface of ordinary microbubble SonoVue by biotin - avidin bridge method and ultrasonic instrument was used to evaluate the developing situation of targeted microbubble in vitro. Twenty 12-week-old male GK rats and 20 Wistar rats were enrolled in this study, and were randomly divided into targeted angiography group and ordinary angiography group. Targeted microbubbles SonoVue-TM or general microbubble SonoVue were rapidly injected to the rats via tail vein; the developing situation of the two contrast agents in rats kidneys was dynamically observed. Time-intensity curve was used to analyze rat kidney perfusion characteristics in different groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Targeted ultrasound microbubble SonoVue-TM was successfully constructed, and it could be used to develop an external image. Targeted microbubbles SonoVue-TM enabled clear development of experimental rat kidney. Time-intensity curve shapes of rat kidney of the two groups showed as single apex with steep ascending and slowly descending branch. Compared with the control group, the rising slope of the GK rat renal cortex, medulla in targeted angiography group increased (P < 0.05); the peak intensity of medulla increased (P < 0.05), and the total area under the curve of medulla increased (P < 0.05). Compared with control group, the ascending branch of the GK rat in renal cortex, medulla in ordinary angiography group increased (P < 0.05). The peak intensity of the curve increased (P < 0.05), and the total area under the curve increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the ordinary angiography group, the peak of GK rat medulla curve in targeted angiography group intensity increased (P < 0.05), and the total area under the curve increased (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Targeted microbubbles SonoVue-TM can make a clear development of experimental rat kidney, its stable performance meet the requirement of ultrasonic observation time limit, and it can reflect early changes of blood perfusion in GK rat kindey.
authors: Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China.
authors: Bo
authors: B
authors: Liu
authors: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: Liang
authors: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors: Li-Ping
authors: LP
authors: Gu
authors: Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China.
authors: Chao-Qing
authors: CQ
authors: Wang
authors: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors: Xing-Hua
authors: XH
authors: Li
authors: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors: Yi-Min
authors: YM
authors: Jiang
authors: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors: Wei-Mei
authors: WM
authors: Li
authors: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors: Qing-Zhi
authors: QZ
authors: Guo
authors: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China. Electronic address: mafang59@126.com.
authors: Fang
authors: F
authors: Ma
keywords: Contrast enhanced ultrasonography; GK rats; Targeted microbubble contrast agent; Thrombomodulin