title: The effects of intensity on V̇O2 kinetics during incremental free swimming.
abstract: Swimming and training are carried out with wide variability in distances and intensities. However, oxygen uptake kinetics for the intensities seen in swimming has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the oxygen uptake kinetics throughout low-moderate to severe intensities during incremental swimming exercise. We hypothesized that the oxygen uptake kinetic parameters would be affected by swimming intensity. Twenty male trained swimmers completed an incremental protocol of seven 200-m crawl swims to exhaustion (0.05 m·s(-1) increments and 30-s intervals). Oxygen uptake was continuously measured by a portable gas analyzer connected to a respiratory snorkel and valve system. Oxygen uptake kinetics was assessed using a double exponential regression model that yielded both fast and slow components of the response of oxygen uptake to exercise. From low-moderate to severe swimming intensities changes occurred for the first and second oxygen uptake amplitudes (P ≤ 0.04), time constants (P = 0.01), and time delays (P ≤ 0.02). At the heavy and severe intensities, a notable oxygen uptake slow component (>255 mL·min(-1)) occurred in all swimmers. Oxygen uptake kinetics whilst swimming at different intensities offers relevant information regarding cardiorespiratory and metabolic stress that might be useful for appropriate performance diagnosis and training prescription.
authors: a Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors: Kelly
authors: K
authors: de Jesus
authors: a Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Sousa
authors: a Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors: Karla
authors: K
authors: de Jesus
authors: a Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors: João
authors: J
authors: Ribeiro
authors: a Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.|b Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors: Leandro
authors: L
authors: Machado
authors: c National Institute for Physical Education of Catalonia, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Ferran
authors: F
authors: Rodríguez
authors: d Finnish Society of Sport Sciences, Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Kari
authors: K
authors: Keskinen
authors: a Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.|b Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors: João Paulo
authors: JP
authors: Vilas-Boas
authors: a Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.|b Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors: Ricardo J
authors: RJ
authors: Fernandes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015308:Anaerobic Threshold; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018763:Muscle Fatigue; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D012119:Respiration; D013550:Swimming; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: cinétique de consommation d’oxygène; crawl; exercice; exercise; front-crawl; gas exchange; intensities; intensités; modeling; modélisation; oxygen uptake kinetics; échanges gazeux