title: Effects of the Sequence of Isocaloric Meals with Different Protein Contents on Plasma Biochemical Indexes in Pigs.
abstract: Nutrient composition and pattern of food intake may play a significant role in weight gain. The aim of this study was to document the effects of a daily 3-meal pattern with isocaloric diets containing different dietary protein contents on growth performance and different plasma biochemical indexes including amino acid plasma concentration in castrated male pigs. Then, 21 DLY (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) pigs aged 60 days were assigned randomly into 3 groups: a control group (crude protein, CP 18.1%), a group receiving high then basal and then low CP meals (High-Low group) and a group receiving low then basal and then high CP meal (Low-High group) for 40 days with pigs being feed-restricted. On day 40, after 12 h fasting, blood samples were obtained for analysis. The results showed that the insulin/glucagon ratio was lower in the High-Low group (P<0.05) when compared with the control group. Compared with the control group, the average daily gain of pigs from the High-Low group increased by 14.10% (P = 0.046). Compared with the control group, serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) decreased significantly (P<0.05) in both the High-Low and Low-High groups. Plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA: valine, isoleucine and leucine) increased in the Low-High group (P<0.05) when compared with the control group; and plasma methionine and serine decreased in both the two experimental groups (P<0.05). Compared with the High-Low group, all the BCAA increased significantly (P<0.05) in the Low-High group. These findings suggest that the sequence and quantity of alimentary protein intake affect the insulin/glucagon ratio, as well as amino acid concentrations including BCAA, methionine and serine. It is proposed that meal pattern with pigs receiving high then basal and then low CP meals daily may help to improve the weight gain of pigs.
authors: Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China.
authors: Chunyan
authors: C
authors: Xie
authors: Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Wu
authors: Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
authors: Zhiyong
authors: Z
authors: Fan
authors: Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
authors: Cimin
authors: C
authors: Long
authors: Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China.
authors: Hongnan
authors: H
authors: Liu
authors: INRA/AgroParisTech, UMR 914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France.
authors: Patrick Christian
authors: PC
authors: Even
authors: INRA/AgroParisTech, UMR 914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France.
authors: Francois
authors: F
authors: Blachier
authors: Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China; School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 41008, China.
authors: Yulong
authors: Y
authors: Yin
mesh_terms: D000597:Amino Acids, Branched-Chain / Q000097:blood; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002369:Castration; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008715:Methionine / Q000097:blood; D012694:Serine / Q000097:blood; D013552:Swine; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects*; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000597:Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D012694:Serine; D005934:Glucagon; D008715:Methionine; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase