title: Qualitative patterns at Raven's colored progressive matrices in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Visuo-spatial and problem-solving abilities are commonly impaired in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Conversely, subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) do not exhibit overt involvement of cognitive domains other than memory. Consequently, a detection of an impairment at the Raven's colored progressive matrices (RCPM) could be useful to discriminate aMCI from AD and to mark the progression from one condition to another.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the pattern of errors at RCPM in subjects suffering from AD as compared with that of aMCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients with AD, 15 subjects with aMCI and 31 Healthy Controls (HC) received the RCPM. The errors were classified as: (1) difference (D); (2) inadequate individuation (II); (3) repetition of the pattern (RP); (4) incomplete correlation (IC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No difference approached significance between aMCI subjects and HC. AD patients always exhibited a higher number of errors as compared with HC. AD patients showed higher number of errors as compared with aMCI only on RP and IC errors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the visuo-spatial and problem-solving impairment that characterize AD, and probably subtend the progression from aMCI to dementia, do not affect to the same extent all cognitive dimensions explored by RCPM.
authors: Neurological and Stroke Unit, CTO Hospital, AORN "Ospedali Dei Colli", Viale Colli Aminei, 21, 80131, Naples, Italy. ferdinando.ivano.ambra@gmail.com.
authors: Ferdinando Ivano
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9078-8000
authors: FI
authors: Ambra
authors: Neurological and Stroke Unit, CTO Hospital, AORN "Ospedali Dei Colli", Viale Colli Aminei, 21, 80131, Naples, Italy.
authors: Alessandro
authors: A
authors: Iavarone
authors: Neurological and Stroke Unit, CTO Hospital, AORN "Ospedali Dei Colli", Viale Colli Aminei, 21, 80131, Naples, Italy.
authors: Bruno
authors: B
authors: Ronga
authors: Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors: Sergio
authors: S
authors: Chieffi
authors: Neurological and Stroke Unit, CTO Hospital, AORN "Ospedali Dei Colli", Viale Colli Aminei, 21, 80131, Naples, Italy.
authors: Gabriele
authors: G
authors: Carnevale
authors: Department of Nuclear Medicine, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors: Leonardo
authors: L
authors: Iaccarino
authors: Neurological and Stroke Unit, CTO Hospital, AORN "Ospedali Dei Colli", Viale Colli Aminei, 21, 80131, Naples, Italy.
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Cimminella
authors: Neurological and Stroke Unit, CTO Hospital, AORN "Ospedali Dei Colli", Viale Colli Aminei, 21, 80131, Naples, Italy.
authors: Angela
authors: A
authors: Chiavazzo
authors: Neurological and Stroke Unit, CTO Hospital, AORN "Ospedali Dei Colli", Viale Colli Aminei, 21, 80131, Naples, Italy.
authors: Elisabetta
authors: E
authors: Garofalo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000818:Animals; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011340:Problem Solving
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Cognitive assessment; Dementia; Mild cognitive impairment; Neuropsychology; Raven’s progressive matrices