title: Inherited forms of mineralocorticoid hypertension.
abstract: Aldosterone plays an essential role in the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis in the distal nephron. Monogenic forms of mineralocorticoid hypertension result from genetic defects leading to excessive production of aldosterone (or other mineralocorticoids) from the adrenal cortex or to illegitimate mineralocorticoid effects in the kidney. They are characterized in the majority of cases by early onset, severe or resistant hypertension and associated with suppressed renin levels. Depending on their causes, these diseases are distinguished at the clinical and biochemical level and differently affect aldosterone levels and kalemia. The diagnosis is confirmed by genetic testing, which allows in many cases targeted treatment to prevent severe cardiovascular consequences of high blood pressure or aldosterone excess. In this review we describe the different forms of inherited mineralocorticoid hypertension, providing an overview of their clinical and biochemical features, their underlying genetic defects and specific therapeutic options.
authors: INSERM, UMRS_970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Génétique, Paris, France. Electronic address: maria-christina.zennaro@inserm.fr.
authors: Maria-Christina
authors: MC
authors: Zennaro
authors: INSERM, UMRS_970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors: Sheerazed
authors: S
authors: Boulkroun
authors: INSERM, UMRS_970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Génétique, Paris, France.
authors: Fabio
authors: F
authors: Fernandes-Rosa
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D006929:Hyperaldosteronism / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology*; D056929:Liddle Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D043204:Mineralocorticoid Excess Syndrome, Apparent / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation
keywords: 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; apparent mineralocorticoid excess; congenital adrenal hyperplasia; epithelial sodium channel; familial hyperkalemic hypertension; mineralocorticoid receptor; primary aldosteronism