title: The mortality patterns of lung cancer between 1990 and 2013 in Xuanwei, China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the variations in the mortality trends, especially death due to lung cancer, from 1990 to 2013 in Xuanwei City.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mortality data were collected in Xuanwei during the 2nd and 3rd National Retrospective Sampling Survey on Mortality and Routine Death Registration System (DRS) during 2011-2013. According to the result of the survey on under-reported deaths, mortality data from DRS during 2011-2013 were adjusted. Disease specific mortality rate, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and 45Q15 were calculated in Xuanwei and compared with those in rural areas of China.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During three periods, 1990-1992, 2004-2005 and 2011-2013, lung cancer contributed to 56.86%, 58.45% and 63.03% of deaths from all cancers respectively with a much higher proportion than rural areas nationally. The ASMR of lung cancer for males surged from 41.43/10(5) to 88.17/10(5) during 1990-2005 and it surged from 37.70/10(5) to 74.45/10(5) for females. Although they declined slightly during 2011-2013 (82.53/10(5) and 62.62/10(5) for males and females respectively), the ASMR of lung cancer among males in Xuanwei was three times of that in rural areas in China, and it was six times higher among females. The 45Q15 of lung cancer for males in Xuanwei was 3-5 times of that in rural areas of China and for females it was 7-9 times. The high-mortality areas of lung cancer were still located in Laibin, Longchang, Wanshui and Shuanglong Communities. High-mortality areas of lung cancer expanded to their surrounding areas and those in southeast.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although indoor air pollution caused by smoky coal has been fairly well controlled, patterns of death due to lung cancer have not obviously changed. The mortality rate of lung cancer among females was similar to that among males. Therefore, further studies should be conducted to comprehensively explore the risk factors of lung cancer in Xuanwei.
authors: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Cancer Hospital/Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
authors: Gongbo
authors: G
authors: Chen
authors: National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Sun
authors: Institute of Geographic Sciences and Nature Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors: Hongyan
authors: H
authors: Ren
authors: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
authors: Xia
authors: X
authors: Wan
authors: Xuanwei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuanwei, Qujing, Yunnan 655400, China.
authors: Hecang
authors: H
authors: Huang
authors: Xuanwei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuanwei, Qujing, Yunnan 655400, China.
authors: Xiangyun
authors: X
authors: Ma
authors: Xuanwei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuanwei, Qujing, Yunnan 655400, China.
authors: Bofu
authors: B
authors: Ning
authors: Cancer Hospital/Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
authors: Xiaonong
authors: X
authors: Zou
authors: National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors: Weijiang
authors: W
authors: Hu
authors: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China. Electronic address: yangghuan@vip.sina.com.
authors: Gonghuan
authors: G
authors: Yang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects; D002681:China; D003031:Coal / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D003031:Coal; D012906:Smoke
keywords: Causes of death; Lung cancer; Mortality patterns; Xuanwei