title: The Effect of Long-Term Continuous Cropping of Black Pepper on Soil Bacterial Communities as Determined by 454 Pyrosequencing.
abstract: In the present study, 3 replanted black pepper orchards with continuously cropping histories for 10, 21, and 55 years in tropical China, were selected for investigating the effect of monoculture on soil physiochemical properties, enzyme activities, bacterial abundance, and bacterial community structures. Results showed long-term continuous cropping led to a significant decline in soil pH, organic matter contents, enzymatic activities, and resulted in a decrease in soil bacterial abundance. 454 pyrosequencing analysis of 16S rRNA genes revealed that the Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria were the main phyla in the replanted black pepper orchard soils, comprising up to 73.82% of the total sequences; the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla decreased with long-term continuous cropping; and at genus level, the Pseudomonas abundance significantly depleted after 21 years continuous cropping. In addition, bacterial diversity significantly decreased after 55 years black pepper continuous cropping; obvious variations for community structures across the 3 time-scale replanted black pepper orchards were observed, suggesting monoculture duration was the major determinant for bacterial community structure. Overall, continuous cropping during black pepper cultivation led to a significant decline in soil pH, organic matter contents, enzymatic activities, resulted a decrease in soil bacterial abundance, and altered soil microbial community membership and structure, which in turn resulted in black pepper poor growth in the continuous cropping system.
authors: Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China; National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China.
authors: Wu
authors: W
authors: Xiong
authors: Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China.
authors: Zhigang
authors: Z
authors: Li
authors: National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China.
authors: Hongjun
authors: H
authors: Liu
authors: National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China.
authors: Chao
authors: C
authors: Xue
authors: Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
authors: Ruifu
authors: R
authors: Zhang
authors: Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China.
authors: Huasong
authors: H
authors: Wu
authors: National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China.
authors: Rong
authors: R
authors: Li
authors: National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China.
authors: Qirong
authors: Q
authors: Shen
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D044822:Biodiversity; D002681:China; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000254:growth & development*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis; D010802:Phylogeny; D029222:Piper nigrum / Q000254:growth & development*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000032:analysis*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012987:Soil