title: Predictive performance of Vancomycin population pharmacokinetic models in Iranian patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Many hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients receive vancomycin empirically during febrile neutropenia. There are several models for estimation of vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters and calculation of initial dosing regimen accordingly. However, the performance of these methods in HSCT patients remained to be evaluated. The aim of the study was to determine which of the vancomycin population pharmacokinetic methods best fit Iranian HSCT patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to evaluate predicted performance of seven vancomycin population pharmacokinetic models, the pharmacokinetic parameters of patients were estimated using each model's equations. Then the predicted steady-state trough vancomycin concentration was calculated based on each model's parameters and using a formula based on Sawchuk-Zaske method. The predicted steady-state trough vancomycin concentration and the real measured concentrations were compared to see which method was the most precise and least biased using mean squared error (MSE) and mean prediction error (ME) respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-six patients (65% men) were included in the study. Calculated metrics showed a range of 38% under-prediction bias with Rodvold to 34% over-prediction bias with Matzke and Burton models. Birt and revised Burton methods showed no significant bias (ME [95% confidence interval (CI)]: -0.067 [-0.235-0.101] and 0.066 [-0.105-0.238]). Birt and revised Burton were not different significantly considering MSE (95% CI) of 0.385 (0.227-0.544) and 0.401 (0.255-0.546), respectively. Comparisons of precision with naive predictors revealed a delta MSE (95% CI) of -0.128 (-1.379-1.890) for Birt and 0.026 (-0.596-0.940) for revised Burton models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the Birt and Burton revised methods performed well, none of the studied models showed acceptable performance to be implemented as a routine method for initial dose calculation in HSCT patients. A vancomycin pharmacokinetic model specific for this high-risk subpopulation of Iranian patients should be designed and validated.
authors: Research Center for Rational Use of Drugs, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Maryam
authors: M
authors: Taghizadeh-Ghehi
authors: Department of Pharmaceutics, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
authors: Saeed
authors: S
authors: Rezaee
authors: Research Center for Rational Use of Drugs and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Kheirollah
authors: K
authors: Gholami
authors: Research Center for Rational Use of Drugs and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Molouk
authors: M
authors: Hadjibabaie
keywords: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; Vancomycin; population pharmacokinetics; predictive performance