title: Impact of 3D Hierarchical Nanostructures on the Antibacterial Efficacy of a Bacteria-Triggered Self-Defensive Antibiotic Coating.
abstract: Titanium is often applied in implant surgery, but frequently implicated in infections associated with bacterial adhesion and growth on the implant surface. Here, we show that hierarchical nanostructuring of titanium and the subsequent coating of resulting topographical features with a self-defensive, antibacterial layer-by-layer (LbL) film enables a synergistic action of hierarchical nanotopography and localized, bacteria-triggered antibiotic release to dramatically enhance the antibacterial efficiency of surfaces. Although sole nanostructuring of titanium substrates did not significantly affect adhesion and growth of Staphylococcus aureus, the coating of 3D-nanopillared substrates with an ultrathin tannic acid/gentamicin (TA/G) LbL film resulted in a 10-fold reduction of the number of surface-attached bacteria. This effect is attributed to the enlarged surface area of the nanostructured coating available for localized bacteria-triggered release of antibiotics, as well as to the lower bacterial adhesion forces resulting in subsided activation of bacterial antibiotic-defense mechanisms when bacteria land on nanopillar tips. The result shows that a combination of 3D nanostructuring with a bacteria-triggered antibiotic-releasing coating presents a unique way to dramatically enhance antibacterial efficacy of biomaterial implants.
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering (FB40), University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Ferdi
authors: F
authors: Hizal
authors: Iryna
authors: I
authors: Zhuk
authors: Svetlana
authors: S
authors: Sukhishvili
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering (FB40), University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Henk J
authors: HJ
authors: Busscher
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering (FB40), University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Henny C
authors: HC
authors: van der Mei
authors: Chang-Hwan
authors: CH
authors: Choi
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013634:Tannins / Q000737:chemistry; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D005839:Gentamicins; D013634:Tannins; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: antibacterial coating; bacterial adhesion; biomaterial; nanostructure; titanium