title: The Effects of Lead Exposure on Serum Uric Acid and Hyperuricemia in Chinese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.
abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between blood lead levels and both serum uric acid and hyperuricemia in adult residents living within an area of China with lead pollution. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 2120 subjects (1180 of whom were male) between the ages of 20 and 75 years who had undergone health examinations at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in a lead-polluted area of China between January 2013 and August 2014. Blood lead was positively correlated with serum uric acid in both males (r = 0.095, p = 0.001) and females (r = 0.134, p < 0.001). Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that for males, blood lead (p = 0.006), age (p = 0.001), current smoking (p = 0.012), education (p = 0.001), triglycerides (TG) (p < 0.001), and serum creatinine (p < 0.001) were independently associated with serum uric acid. For females, blood lead (p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.009), and TG (p < 0.001) were independently associated with serum uric acid. After multiple adjustments, blood lead was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of hyperuricemia when female subjects were categorized into quartiles (for the highest quartile vs. the lowest quartile, odds ratio (OR) = 2.190; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.106-4.338; p = 0.025); however, no such association was observed for male subjects. Continuous lead exposure has an independent impact on serum uric acid for both males and females, although this impact is more pronounced for females than for males. Lead exposure is significantly associated with hyperuricemia for females but not for males.
authors: The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China. daihaijiang1217@163.com.
authors: Haijiang
authors: H
authors: Dai
authors: The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China. mhzjxy3@163.com.
authors: Zhijun
authors: Z
authors: Huang
authors: Institute of Environment and Health, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China. qhdeng@mail.csu.edu.cn.
authors: Qihong
authors: Q
authors: Deng
authors: The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China. lydia0312_2000@163.com.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China. cwxyxiaoting@126.com.
authors: Ting
authors: T
authors: Xiao
authors: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Zixing 423400, China. ningxp01@sina.com.
authors: Xingping
authors: X
authors: Ning
authors: The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China. lydia0312_2000@163.com.
authors: Yao
authors: Y
authors: Lu
authors: The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China. yuanhong1975@163.com.|Institute of Environment and Health, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China. yuanhong1975@163.com.
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D014280:Triglycerides; D014527:Uric Acid; D007854:Lead
keywords: hyperuricemia; lead exposure; non-occupational exposure; uric acid