title: Depression and anxiety before and after limb length discrepancy correction in patients with unilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Limb length discrepancy (LLD) is common in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and may influence the psychological status of these patients. The present study aims to investigate depression and anxiety in DDH patients with different extents of LLD and to assess the effect of LLD correction on these two psychological factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  161 patients with DDH were recruited and divided into two groups based on whether they could perceive LLD preoperatively. The patients who could not perceive LLD were assigned to group N, and those who could perceive LLD were assigned to group P. Depression/anxiety, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores and LLD were assessed one week before, six months and two years after total hip arthroplasty (THA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depression and anxiety were significantly higher in group P patients compared to group N patients. The patients in group N presented significant improvement in depression and anxiety six months after arthroplasty, while DDH patients in group P did two years after arthroplasty. Correlation analyses revealed their improvement was associated with pain relief and improved hip function in both groups of patients and was also related to changes in the perception of LLD in group P patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression and anxiety levels were higher in DDH patients with perceived LLD. Their improvement was related to pain relief and improved hip function following THA. In DDH patients with perceived LLD, a change in the perception of LLD also played a part in their improvement.
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, PR China. Electronic address: liuryu@126.com.
authors: Ruiyu
authors: R
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, PR China. Electronic address: 13619268146@163.com.
authors: Yongwei
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, PR China. Electronic address: drfan2140@163.com.
authors: Lihong
authors: L
authors: Fan
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, PR China. Electronic address: 380388269@qq.com.
authors: Mingchao
authors: M
authors: Mu
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, PR China. Electronic address: kunzheng_wang@126.com.
authors: Kunzheng
authors: K
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Joint Surgery, Hong-Hui Hospital, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Nanguo Road, Nanshao Men, Beilin District, Xi'an 710054, PR China. Electronic address: songweibone@126.com.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Song
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000523:psychology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005121:Extremities / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006615:Hip / Q000601:surgery*; D006618:Hip Dislocation, Congenital / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000523:psychology; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Depression and anxiety; Developmental dysplasia of the hip; Limb length discrepancy; Perception; Total hip arthroplasty