title: Comparison of duplicate portion and 24 h recall as reference methods for validating a FFQ using urinary markers as the estimate of true intake.
abstract: As FFQ are subject to measurement error, associations between self-reported intake by FFQ and outcome measures should be adjusted by correction factors obtained from a validation study. Whether the correction is adequate depends on the characteristics of the reference method used in the validation study. Preferably, reference methods should (1) be unbiased and (2) have uncorrelated errors with those in the FFQ. The aim of the present study was to assess the validity of the duplicate portion (DP) technique as a reference method and compare its validity with that of a commonly used reference method, the 24 h recall (24hR), for protein, K and Na using urinary markers as the unbiased reference method. For 198 subjects, two DP, two FFQ, two urinary biomarkers and between one and fifteen 24hR (web based and/or telephone based) were collected within 1·5 years. Multivariate measurement error models were used to estimate bias, error correlations between FFQ and DP or 24hR, and attenuation factors of these methods. The DP was less influenced by proportional scaling bias (0·58 for protein, 0·72 for K and 0·52 for Na), and correlated errors between DP and FFQ were lowest (protein 0·28, K 0·17 and Na 0·19) compared with the 24hR. Attenuation factors (protein 0·74, K 0·54 and Na 0·43) also indicated that the DP performed better than the 24hR. Therefore, the DP is probably the best available reference method for FFQ validation for nutrients that currently have no generally accepted recovery biomarker.
authors: 1Division of Human Nutrition,PO Box 17,Wageningen University,6700 AA Wageningen,The Netherlands.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Trijsburg
authors: 1Division of Human Nutrition,PO Box 17,Wageningen University,6700 AA Wageningen,The Netherlands.
authors: Jeanne H M
authors: JH
authors: de Vries
authors: 1Division of Human Nutrition,PO Box 17,Wageningen University,6700 AA Wageningen,The Netherlands.
authors: Hendriek C
authors: HC
authors: Boshuizen
authors: 1Division of Human Nutrition,PO Box 17,Wageningen University,6700 AA Wageningen,The Netherlands.
authors: Paul J M
authors: PJ
authors: Hulshof
authors: 1Division of Human Nutrition,PO Box 17,Wageningen University,6700 AA Wageningen,The Netherlands.
authors: Peter C H
authors: PC
authors: Hollman
authors: 1Division of Human Nutrition,PO Box 17,Wageningen University,6700 AA Wageningen,The Netherlands.
authors: Pieter
authors: P
authors: van 't Veer
authors: 1Division of Human Nutrition,PO Box 17,Wageningen University,6700 AA Wageningen,The Netherlands.
authors: Anouk
authors: A
authors: Geelen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000652:urine; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000652:urine; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D011188:Potassium / Q000652:urine; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D012964:Sodium; D009584:Nitrogen; D011188:Potassium
keywords: 24hR 24 h recall; 24hRT telephone-based 24 h recall collection; 24hRW web-based 24 h recall collection; DP duplicate portion; Dietary intake assessment; Duplicate portions; FCD food composition database; Measurement error models; PABA para-aminobenzoic acid; Reference methods; Validation