title: Intracochlear Bleeding Enhances Cochlear Fibrosis and Ossification: An Animal Study.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intracochlear bleeding during cochleostomy on cochlear inflammatory response and residual hearing in a guinea pig animal model. Auditory brainstem response threshold shifts were greater in blood injected ears (p<0.05). Interleukin-1β, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide synthase 2, cytokines that are related to early stage inflammation, were significantly increased in blood injected ears compared to normal and cochleostomy only ears at 1 day after surgery; with the increased IL-1β being sustained until 3 days after the surgery (p<0.05). Hair cells were more severely damaged in blood injected ears than in cochleostomy only ears. Histopathologic examination revealed more extensive fibrosis and ossification in blood injected ears than cochleostomy only ears. These results show that intracochlear bleeding enhanced cochlear inflammation resulting in increased fibrosis and ossification in an experimental animal model.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Kyeung A
authors: KA
authors: Ryu
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Ah-Ra
authors: AR
authors: Lyu
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Heesung
authors: H
authors: Park
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jin Woong
authors: JW
authors: Choi
authors: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Gang Min
authors: GM
authors: Hur
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Brain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yong-Ho
authors: YH
authors: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D003051:Cochlea / Q000601:surgery*; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006198:Hair Cells, Auditory / Q000473:pathology; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009999:Ossification, Heterotopic / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011183:Postoperative Complications
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators