title: COMPARISON BETWEEN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING ESTIMATES OF EXTRACRANIAL CEREBROSPINAL FLUID VOLUME AND PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS IN HEALTHY DOGS.
abstract: Dosages for myelography procedures in dogs are based on a hypothetical proportional relationship between bodyweight and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume. Anecdotal radiographic evidence and recent studies have challenged the existence of such a defined relationship in dogs. The objectives of this prospective cross-sectional study were to describe CSF volumes using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a group of clinically healthy dogs, measure the accuracy of MRI CSF volumes, and compare MRI CSF volumes with dog physical measurements. A sampling perfection with application optimized contrast using different flip-angle evolution MRI examination of the central nervous system was carried out on 12 healthy, male mongrel dogs, aged between 3 and 5 years with a bodyweight range of 7.5-35.0 kg. The images were processed with image analysis freeware (3D Slicer) in order to calculate the volume of extracranial CSF. Cylindrical phantoms of known volume were included in scans and used to calculate accuracy of MRI volume estimates. The accuracy of MRI volume estimates was 99.8%. Extracranial compartment CSF volumes ranged from 20.21 to 44.06 ml. Overall volume of the extracranial CSF increased linearly with bodyweight, but the proportional volume (ml/bodyweight kilograms) of the extracranial CSF was inversely proportional to bodyweight. Relative ratios of volumes in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbosacral regions were constant. Findings indicated that the current standard method of using body weight to calculate dosages of myelographic contrast agents in dogs may need to be revised.
authors: Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Hungary.
authors: László Z
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9927-652X
authors: LZ
authors: Reinitz
authors: Institute of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Oncology, Kaposvár University, Hungary.
authors: Gábor
authors: G
authors: Bajzik
authors: Institute of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Oncology, Kaposvár University, Hungary.
authors: Rita
authors: R
authors: Garamvölgyi
authors: Institute of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Oncology, Kaposvár University, Hungary.
authors: Örs
authors: Ö
authors: Petneházy
authors: School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
authors: András
authors: A
authors: Lassó
authors: Department of Biomathematics and Informatics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Hungary.
authors: Zsolt
authors: Z
authors: Abonyi-Tóth
authors: Institute of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Oncology, Kaposvár University, Hungary.
authors: Borbála
authors: B
authors: Lőrincz
authors: Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Hungary.
authors: Péter
authors: P
authors: Sótonyi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004285:Dogs / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012447:Sacrum / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: CSF; cerebrospinal fluid; dog; extracranial; subarachnoid space; volume