title: Seasonal and Particle Size-Dependent Variations of Hexabromocyclododecanes in Settled Dust: Implications for Sampling.
abstract: Particle size is a significant parameter which determines the environmental fate and the behavior of dust particles and, implicitly, the exposure risk of humans to particle-bound contaminants. Currently, the influence of dust particle size on the occurrence and seasonal variation of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) remains unclear. While HBCDs are now restricted by the Stockholm Convention, information regarding HBCD contamination in indoor dust in China is still limited. We analyzed composite dust samples from offices (n = 22), hotels (n = 3), kindergartens (n = 2), dormitories (n = 40), and main roads (n = 10). Each composite dust sample (one per type of microenvironment) was fractionated into 9 fractions (F1-F9: 2000-900, 900-500, 500-400, 400-300, 300-200, 200-100, 100-74, 74-50, and <50 μm). Total HBCD concentrations ranged from 5.3 (road dust, F4) to 2580 ng g(-1) (dormitory dust, F4) in the 45 size-segregated samples. The seasonality of HBCDs in indoor dust was investigated in 40 samples from two offices. A consistent seasonal trend of HBCD levels was evident with dust collected in the winter being more contaminated with HBCDs than dust from the summer. Particle size-selection strategy for dust analysis has been found to be influential on the HBCD concentrations, while overestimation or underestimation would occur with improper strategies.
authors: School of Environment, Henan Normal University , Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.|Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp , 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.|POPs Research Center, School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China.
authors: Zhiguo
authors: Z
authors: Cao
authors: Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp , 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
authors: Fuchao
authors: F
authors: Xu
authors: Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp , 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.|POPs Research Center, School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China.
authors: Wenchao
authors: W
authors: Li
authors: School of Environment, Henan Normal University , Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
authors: Jianhui
authors: J
authors: Sun
authors: School of Environment, Henan Normal University , Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
authors: Mohai
authors: M
authors: Shen
authors: School of Environment, Henan Normal University , Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
authors: Xianfa
authors: X
authors: Su
authors: School of Environment, Henan Normal University , Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
authors: Jinglan
authors: J
authors: Feng
authors: POPs Research Center, School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China.
authors: Gang
authors: G
authors: Yu
authors: Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp , 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
authors: Adrian
authors: A
authors: Covaci
mesh_terms: D053000:Analytic Sample Preparation Methods; D002681:China; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D012621:Seasons; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D017132:Workplace
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; C089796:hexabromocyclododecane