title: Analysis of Metrics for Molecular Sonotransfer in Vitro.
abstract: Ultrasound induced microbubble (MB) cavitation is used to significantly enhance cell membrane permeabilization, thereby allowing delivery of various therapeutic agents into cells. In order to monitor and quantitatively control the extent of cavitation the uniform dosimetry model is needed. In present study we have simultaneously performed quantitative evaluation of three main sonoporation factors: (1) MB concentration, (2) MB cavitation extent, and (3) doxorubicin (DOX) sonotransfer into Chinese hamster ovary cells. MB concentration measurement results and passively recorded MB cavitation signals were used for MB sonodestruction rate and spectral root-mean-square (RMS) calculations, respectively. Subsequently, time to maximum value of RMS and inertial cavitation dose (ICD) quantifications were performed for every acoustic pressure value. This comprehensive research has led not only to explanation of relation of ICD and MB sonodestruction rate but also to the development of a new sonoporation metric: the inverse of time to maximum value of RMS (1/time to maximum value of RMS). ICD and MB sonodestruction rate intercorrelation and correlation with DOX sonotransfer suggest inertial cavitation to be the key mechanism for cell sonoporation. All these metrics were successfully used for doxorubicin sonotransfer prediction (R(2) > 0.9, p < 0.01) and therefore shows feasibility to be applied for future dosimetric applications for ultrasound-mediated drug and gene delivery.
authors: Biophysical Research Group, Vytautas Magnus University , Kaunas 44248, Lithuania.
authors: Martynas
authors: M
authors: Maciulevicius
authors: Biophysical Research Group, Vytautas Magnus University , Kaunas 44248, Lithuania.
authors: Mindaugas
authors: M
authors: Tamosiunas
authors: Biomedical Engineering Institute, Kaunas University of Technology , Kaunas 44249, Lithuania.
authors: Rytis
authors: R
authors: Jurkonis
authors: Biophysical Research Group, Vytautas Magnus University , Kaunas 44248, Lithuania.
authors: Mindaugas S
authors: MS
authors: Venslauskas
authors: Biophysical Research Group, Vytautas Magnus University , Kaunas 44248, Lithuania.
authors: Saulius
authors: S
authors: Satkauskas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D003412:Cricetulus; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D045423:Microbubbles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004317:Doxorubicin
keywords: doxorubicin; inertial cavitation dose; metric; microbubble sonodestruction; sonoporation