title: Fluoride gel supplemented with sodium hexametaphosphate reduces enamel erosive wear in situ.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the effect of fluoride gels, supplemented or not with sodium hexametaphosphate (HMP), on enamel erosive wear in situ.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve healthy volunteers wore palatal appliances containing four bovine enamel discs. Subjects were randomly allocated into four experimental phases (double-blind, crossover protocol) according to the gels: Placebo (no fluoride or HMP), 1% NaF, 2% NaF, and 1% NaF+9% HMP. Enamel discs were selected after polishing and surface hardness analysis, and treated only once with the respective gels prior to each experimental phase. Erosion (ERO) was performed by extra-oral immersion of the appliance in 0.05M citric acid, pH 3.2 (four times/day, five minutes each, 5 days). Additional abrasion (ERO+ABR) was produced on only two discs by toothbrushing with fluoridated dentifrice after ERO (four times/day, 30s, 5 days). The specimens were submitted to profilometry and hardness analysis. The results were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 1% NaF+9% HMP gel promoted significantly lower enamel wear for ERO compared to the other groups, being statistically lower than 1% NaF and Placebo for ERO+ABR. Similarly, the lowest values of integrated lesion area were found for 1% NaF+9% HMP and 2% NaF, respectively, for ERO and ERO+ABR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of HMP to the 1% NaF gel promoted greater protective effect against ERO and ERO+ABR compared to the 1% NaF gel, achieving similar protective levels to those seen for the 2% NaF gel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gel containing 1% NaF+9% HMP showed a high anti-erosive potential, being a safer alternative when compared to a conventional 2% NaF gel.
authors: Araçatuba Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Conceição
authors: Araçatuba Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
authors: A C B
authors: AC
authors: Delbem
authors: Araçatuba Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Danelon
authors: Araçatuba Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
authors: D M
authors: DM
authors: da Camara
authors: University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Wiegand
authors: Araçatuba Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: jpessan@foa.unesp.br.
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: Pessan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002417:Cattle; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005782:Gels / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006244:Hardness / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D010710:Phosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000187:drug effects; D014072:Tooth Abrasion / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003802:Dentifrices; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D005782:Gels; D010710:Phosphates; C009285:sodium polymetaphosphate; D005459:Fluorides
keywords: Dental abrasion; Dental enamel; Dental erosion; Sodium hexametaphosphate; Topical fluorides