title: Distinct Responses of Cytotoxic Ganoderma lucidum Triterpenoids in Human Carcinoma Cells.
abstract: The medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum is well recognized for its effective cancer-preventative and therapeutic properties, while specific components responsible for these anticancer effects are not well studied. Six triterpenoids that are ganolucidic acid E, lucidumol A, ganodermanontriol, 7-oxo-ganoderic acid Z, 15-hydroxy-ganoderic acid S, and ganoderic acid DM were isolated and identified from an extract of the mushroom. All compounds reduced cell growth in three human carcinoma cells (Caco-2, HepG2, and HeLa cells) dose dependently with LC50s from 20.87 to 84.36 μM. Moreover, the six compounds induced apoptosis in HeLa cells with a maximum increase (22%) of sub-G1 accumulations and 43.03% apoptotic cells in terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay (15-hydroxy-ganoderic acid S treatment). Apoptosis was further confirmed by annexin-V staining. Four of the compounds also caused apoptosis in Caco-2 cells with maximum 9.5% increase of sub-G1 accumulations (7-oxo-ganoderic acid Z treatment) and maximum 29.84% apoptotic cells in TUNEL assay (ganoderic acid DM treatment). Contrarily, none of the compounds induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. The different responses of the three cell lines following these treatments indicated that the bioactive properties of these compounds may vary from cells of different sites of origin and are likely acting under diverse regulatory mechanisms.
authors: Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Weimei
authors: W
authors: Ruan
authors: Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Wei
authors: School of Food and Nutrition, Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors: David G
authors: DG
authors: Popovich
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006367:HeLa Cells; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007810:Lanosterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D020940:Reishi; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: C515758:15-hydroxy-ganoderic acid S; C515759:7-oxo-ganoderic acid Z; D014315:Triterpenes; C558586:ganodermanontriol; D007810:Lanosterol
keywords: Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids; apoptosis; cell cycle; cytotoxicity; isolation