title: MRI and Ultrasound Imaging of the Shoulder Using Positional Maneuvers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this article is to review the normal anatomy and pathologic conditions of the shoulder on the basis of the appearance on MR and ultrasound images obtained during performance of abduction external rotation and flexion adduction internal rotation positional maneuvers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Positional MRI and ultrasound are highly useful in evaluation of the shoulder. Knowledge of the normal appearance of anatomic structures and pathologic changes in nontraditional imaging planes is necessary to avoid pitfalls in interpretation.
authors: 1 Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, 660 First Ave, Rm 218, New York NY 10016.
authors: Luis S
authors: LS
authors: Beltran
authors: 1 Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, 660 First Ave, Rm 218, New York NY 10016.
authors: Ronald
authors: R
authors: Adler
authors: 1 Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, 660 First Ave, Rm 218, New York NY 10016.
authors: Taylor
authors: T
authors: Stone
authors: 2 Department of Radiology, Maimonides Medical Center, New York, NY.|3 Present address: Schenectady Radiologists, Schenectady, NY.
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Surace
authors: 2 Department of Radiology, Maimonides Medical Center, New York, NY.
authors: Javier
authors: J
authors: Beltran
authors: 1 Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, 660 First Ave, Rm 218, New York NY 10016.
authors: Jenny T
authors: JT
authors: Bencardino
mesh_terms: D001175:Arthrography; D006801:Humans; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D056888:Patient Positioning; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: MRI; abduction external rotation; flexion adduction internal rotation; positional imaging; ultrasound