title: Influence of diphenyl diselenide on chlorpyrifos-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: Exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF) poses several harmful effects to human and animal health. The present study investigated the influence of diphenyl diselenide (DPDS) on CPF-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. Firstly, the time course lethality response of virgin flies (2- to 3-day-old) to CPF (0.075-0.6μg/g) and DPDP (5-40μmol/kg) in the diet for 28 consecutive days were investigated. Subsequently, the protective effect of DPDS (10, 20 and 40μmol/kg) on CPF (0.15μg/g)-induced mortality, locomotor deficits, neurotoxicity and oxidative stress was assessed in a co-exposure paradigm for 7 days. Results showed that CPF exposure significantly decreased the percent live flies in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, whereas the percent live flies with DPDS treatment was not statistically different from control following 28 days of treatment. In the co-exposure study, CPF significantly increased flies mortality while the survivors exhibited significant locomotor deficits with decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Dietary supplementation with DPDS was associated with marked decrease in mortality, improvement in locomotor activity and restoration of AChE activity in CPF-exposed flies. Moreover, CPF exposure significantly decreased catalase and glutathione-S-transferase activities, total thiol level with concomitant significant elevation in the levels of reactive oxygen species and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the head and body regions of the treated flies. Dietary supplementation with DPDS significantly improved the antioxidant status and prevented CPF-induced oxidative stress, thus demonstrating the protective effect of DPDS in CPF-treated flies.
authors: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors: Isaac A
authors: IA
authors: Adedara
authors: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors: Claudia V
authors: CV
authors: Klimaczewski
authors: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors: Nilda B V
authors: NB
authors: Barbosa
authors: Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors: Ebenezer O
authors: EO
authors: Farombi
authors: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Diogo O
authors: DO
authors: Souza
authors: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: jbtrocha@gmail.com.
authors: Joao B T
authors: JB
authors: Rocha
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000633:toxicity*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D006257:Head; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D015415:Biomarkers; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; C061132:diphenyldiselenide; D002374:Catalase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D004390:Chlorpyrifos
keywords: Chlorpyrifos; Diphenyl diselenide (DPDS); Drosophila melanogaster; Neurotoxicity; Oxidative stress