title: Social anxiety in orthognathic patients.
abstract: There is evidence that patients seeking orthognathic treatment may be motivated by social anxiety disorder (SAD). The aim of this study was to investigate SAD in orthognathic patients using the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNES) and to compare these findings with those of the general population. This was a cross-sectional, questionnaire study conducted in two parts. Firstly, a national survey was conducted to yield data for the BFNES from a large, random sample of the UK general population. Secondly, orthognathic patients completed the BFNES. The BFNES scores are reported in two formats: the original 12-item scale (O-BFNES) and a shorter eight-item version (S-BFNES). With regards to the national survey, 1196 individuals participated. The mean O-BFNES score was 29.72 (standard deviation (SD) 9.39) and S-BFNES score was 15.59 (SD 7.67). With regards to the orthognathic sample, 61 patients participated. The mean O-BFNES score was 39.56 (SD 10.35) and the mean S-BFNES score was 24.21 (SD 8.41). Orthognathic patients had significantly higher scores than the general UK population (P<0.001), and multiple linear regression revealed that age, gender, and patient status were all independent predictors of BFNES scores. From the results of this study, orthognathic patients experience significantly higher levels of social anxiety than the general population.
authors: Orthodontic Department, Eastman Dental Hospital, UCLH, London, UK. Electronic address: fiona.ryan@alumni.ucl.ac.uk.
authors: F S
authors: FS
authors: Ryan
authors: Peninsula Dental School, Plymouth, Devon, UK.
authors: D R
authors: DR
authors: Moles
authors: Orthodontic Department, Eastman Dental Hospital, UCLH, London, UK.
authors: J T
authors: JT
authors: Shute
authors: Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Clarke
authors: Orthodontic Department, Eastman Dental Hospital, UCLH, London, UK.
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Cunningham
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019767:Maxillofacial Abnormalities / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012928:Social Desirability; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom
keywords: dentofacial deformity; fear of negative evaluation; orthognathic; psychology; social anxiety