title: Suspension of Egg Hatching Caused by High Humidity and Submergence in Spider Mites.
abstract: We tested the effects of high humidity and submergence on egg hatching of spider mites. In both the high humidity and submergence treatments, many Tetranychus and Panonychus eggs did not hatch until after the hatching peak of the lower humidity or unsubmerged controls. However, after humidity decreased or water was drained, many eggs hatched within 1-3 h. This was observed regardless of when high humidity or submergence treatments were implemented: either immediately after oviposition or immediately before hatching was due. Normal eyespot formation was observed in most eggs in the high humidity and submergence treatments, which indicates that spider mite embryos develop even when eggs are underwater. Therefore, delays in hatching are not caused by delayed embryonic development. A delay in hatching was always observed in Panonychus citri (McGregor) but was more variable in Tetranychus urticae Koch and Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida. The high humidity and submergence treatments affected but did not suppress larval development in these species. In contrast, many Oligonychus eggs died following the high humidity treatments. In Tetranychus and Panonychus spider mites, suspension of egg hatching may mitigate the adverse effects of rainfall.
authors: Laboratory of Ecological Information, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan. mhosaka@kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors: Masashi
authors: M
authors: Ubara
authors: Laboratory of Ecological Information, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan. mhosaka@kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors: Masahiro
authors: M
authors: Osakabe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006813:Humidity / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development; D009758:Nymph / Q000254:growth & development; D010063:Ovum / Q000254:growth & development*; D040102:Tetranychidae / Q000254:growth & development*; D014867:Water / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014867:Water
keywords: Acari; Tetranychidae; delayed hatching; embryonic development; environmental adaptation