title: Zearalenone in the Intestinal Tissues of Immature Gilts Exposed per os to Mycotoxins.
abstract: Zearalenone and its metabolites, α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol, demonstrate estradiol-like activity and disrupt physiological functions in animals. This article evaluates the carryover of zearalenone and its selected metabolites from the digesta to intestinal walls (along the entire intestines) in pre-pubertal gilts exposed to low doses of zearalenone over long periods of time. The term "carryover" describes the transfer of mycotoxins from feed to edible tissues, and it was used to assess the risk of mycotoxin exposure for consumers. The experimental gilts with body weight of up to 25 kg were per os administered zearalenone at a daily dose of 40 μg/kg BW (Group E, n = 18) or placebo (Group C, n = 21) over a period of 42 days. In the first weeks of exposure, the highest values of the carryover factor were noted in the duodenum and the jejunum. In animals receiving pure zearalenone, the presence of metabolites was not determined in intestinal tissues. In the last three weeks of the experiment, very high values of the carryover factor were observed in the duodenum and the descending colon. The results of the study indicate that in animals exposed to subclinical doses of zearalenone, the carryover factor could be determined by the distribution and expression of estrogen receptor beta.
authors: Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland. lukasz.zielonka@uwm.ed.pl.
authors: Łukasz
authors: Ł
authors: Zielonka
authors: Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, Poznań 60-625, Poland. agat@up.poznan.pl.
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Waśkiewicz
authors: Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, Poznań 60-625, Poland. monika.beszterda@up.poznan.pl.
authors: Monika
authors: M
authors: Beszterda
authors: Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, Poznań 60-625, Poland. marian.kostecki@up.poznan.pl.
authors: Marian
authors: M
authors: Kostecki
authors: Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland. michal.dabrowski@uwm.edu.pl.
authors: Michał
authors: M
authors: Dąbrowski
authors: Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland. obremski@uwm.edu.pl.
authors: Kazimierz
authors: K
authors: Obremski
authors: Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, Poznań 60-625, Poland. piotrg@up.poznan.pl.
authors: Piotr
authors: P
authors: Goliński
authors: Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland. gajecki@uwm.edu.pl.
authors: Maciej
authors: M
authors: Gajęcki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D015025:Zearalenone
keywords: carryover; gilts; intestine; metabolites; per os; zearalenone