title: Phenyllactic Acid from Lactobacillus plantarum PromotesAdipogenic Activity in 3T3-L1 Adipocyte via Up-Regulationof PPAR-γ2.
abstract: Synthetic drugs are commonly used to cure various human ailments at present. However, the uses of synthetic drugs are strictly regulated because of their adverse effects. Thus, naturally occurring molecules may be more suitable for curing disease without unfavorable effects. Therefore, we investigated phenyllactic acid (PLA) from Lactobacillus plantarum with respect to its effects on adipogenic genes and their protein expression in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes by qPCR and western blot techniques. PLA enhanced differentiation and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells at the concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 μM. Maximum differentiation and lipid accumulation were observed at a concentration of 100 μM of PLA, as compared with control adipocytes (p < 0.05). The mRNA and protein expression of PPAR-γ2, C/EBP‑α, adiponectin, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and SREBP-1 were increased by PLA treatment as compared with control adipocytes (p < 0.05). PLA stimulates PPAR-γ mRNA expression in a concentration dependent manner, but this expression was lesser than agonist (2.83 ± 0.014 fold) of PPAR-γ2. Moreover, PLA supplementation enhances glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes (11.81 ± 0.17 mM) compared to control adipocytes, but this glucose uptake was lesser than that induced by troglitazone (13.75 ± 0.95 mM) and insulin treatment (15.49 ± 0.20 mM). Hence, we conclude that PLA treatment enhances adipocyte differentiation and glucose uptake via activation of PPAR-γ2, and PLA may thus be the potential candidate for preventing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).
authors: Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330801, Korea. ilavenil@korea.kr.
authors: Soundharrajan
authors: S
authors: Ilavenil
authors: The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori-Shi 6808553, Japan. pioioiq@nate.com.
authors: Da Hye
authors: DH
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. mvalanarasu@gmail.com.
authors: Mariadhas
authors: M
authors: Valan Arasu
authors: Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330801, Korea. srigopalram82@korea.kr.
authors: Srisesharam
authors: S
authors: Srigopalram
authors: Department of Biotechnology, PRIST University, Tamilnadu 613403, India. drravinikesh@yahoo.co.in.
authors: Ravikumar
authors: R
authors: Sivanesan
authors: Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330801, Korea. choiwh@korea.kr.
authors: Ki Choon
authors: KC
authors: Choi
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002839:Chromans / Q000494:pharmacology; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005990:Glycerol / Q000378:metabolism; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007773:Lactates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048191:Lactiplantibacillus plantarum / Q000737:chemistry*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077288:Troglitazone; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D002839:Chromans; D007773:Lactates; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; C017648:3-phenyllactic acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases; D000077288:Troglitazone; D005947:Glucose; D005990:Glycerol
keywords: 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte; PPAR-γ antagonist; adipocyte differentiation; glucose uptake; phenyllactic acid; troglitazone; type-2 diabetes