title: Risk factors for under-5 mortality: evidence from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2004-2011.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with mortality in children under 5 years of age using a nationally representative sample of singleton births for the period of 2004-2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pooled 2004, 2007 and 2011 cross-sectional data sets of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys were analysed. The surveys used a stratified two-stage cluster sample of 16,722 singleton live-born infants of the most recent birth of a mother within a 3-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcome measures were neonatal mortality (0-30 days), postneonatal mortality (1-11 months), infant mortality (0-11 months), child mortality (1-4 years) and under-5 mortality (0-4 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Survival information for 16,722 singleton live-born infants and 522 deaths of children <5 years of age included: 310 neonatal deaths, 154 postneonatal deaths, 464 infant deaths, 58 child deaths and 522 under-5 deaths. Multiple variable analysis showed that, over a 7-year period, mortality reduced significantly by 48% for postneonatal deaths, 33% for infant deaths and 29% for under-5 deaths, but there was no significant reduction in neonatal deaths (adjusted OR (AOR) = 0.79, 95% CI 0.59 to 1.06) or child deaths (AOR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.94). The odds of neonatal, postneonatal, infant, child and under-5 deaths decreased significantly among mothers who used contraceptive and mothers who had other children aged 3 years or older. The risk of neonatal, postneonatal, infant, child and under-5 deaths was significantly higher in mothers who reported a previous death of a sibling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that family planning is needed to further reduce the overall rate of under-5 deaths in Bangladesh. To reduce childhood mortality, public health interventions that focus on child spacing and contraceptive use by mothers may be most effective.
authors: School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: Tanvir
authors: T
authors: Abir
authors: School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: Kingsley Emwinyore
authors: KE
authors: Agho
authors: School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: Andrew Nicolas
authors: AN
authors: Page
authors: Faculty of Health and Medicine, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (CCEB), School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: Abul Hasnat
authors: AH
authors: Milton
authors: Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: Michael John
authors: MJ
authors: Dibley
mesh_terms: D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D002423:Cause of Death; D000067576:Child Health; D046688:Child Mortality; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003267:Contraception; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D066088:Infant Death; D000068104:Infant Health; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D016017:Odds Ratio; D066087:Perinatal Death; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D035781:Siblings; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: EPIDEMIOLOGY; PUBLIC HEALTH