title: Risk of second primary malignancy after nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the United States: A population-based study.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of second primary malignancies in patients diagnosed with an index nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in the United States.
  
  
  
  The cohort was assembled from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database with a primary NPC between 1973 and 2005.
  
  
  
  There was a 47% increased risk of second primary malignancy. The sites with increased risk include the oral cavity and pharynx (standardized incidence ratio [SIR] = 7.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.21-9.49), esophagus (SIR = 3.50; 95% CI = 1.68-6.44), nose, nasal cavity, and middle ear (SIR = 15.54; 95% CI = 5.70-33.83), and lung and bronchus (SIR = 2.39; 95% CI = 1.91-2.96).
  
  
  
  Patients with NPC are likely at a significant risk for second primary malignancies, most notably in the oral cavity and pharynx, which is most likely related to genetic susceptibility, increased surveillance, and treatment effects. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1130-E1136, 2016.
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR.
authors: Jason Y K
authors: JY
authors: Chan
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors: Zhen
authors: Z
authors: Gooi
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors: Wojciech K
authors: WK
authors: Mydlarz
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors: Nishant
authors: N
authors: Agrawal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077274:Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D018426:SEER Program; D015996:Survival Rate; D014481:United States
keywords: disease surveillance; nasopharyngeal carcinoma; oral cavity cancer; second primary cancer; survival