title: Enhanced oral bioavailability of vancomycin in rats treated with long-term parenteral nutrition.
abstract: Long-term parenteral nutrition (PN) can induce intestinal atrophy, leading to a loss of epithelial integrity in the small intestines. This change may alter the intestinal permeability of vancomycin (VCM), a non-absorbable antibiotic. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of PN on the pharmacokinetics of VCM in rats. VCM was intravenously (5 mg/kg) or intraduodenally (20 mg/kg) administered to control and PN rats, which were prepared by administration of PN for 9 days. After intravenous administration, there were no significant differences in any of the VCM pharmacokinetic parameters between the control and PN rats. However, after intraduodenal administration, the maximum concentration and area under the plasma concentration-time curve of VCM in PN rats was approximately 2.4- and 2.6-fold higher, respectively, than in the control rats; the calculated bioavailability was approximately 0.5 and 1.3 % in control and PN rats, respectively. These results indicated that PN administration did not affect VCM disposition, but enhanced VCM absorption; however, the enhanced oral VCM bioavailability was statistically, not clinically, significant. Therefore, while long-term PN administration may play a role in the enhancement of VCM bioavailability, this effect may be negligible without any complications.
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8586 Japan.
authors: Keizo
authors: K
authors: Fukushima
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8586 Japan.
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Okada
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8586 Japan.
authors: Yoriko
authors: Y
authors: Hayashi
authors: Department of Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8586 Japan.
authors: Hideki
authors: H
authors: Ichikawa
authors: Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395 Japan.
authors: Asako
authors: A
authors: Nishimura
authors: Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395 Japan.
authors: Nobuhito
authors: N
authors: Shibata
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8586 Japan.
authors: Nobuyuki
authors: N
authors: Sugioka
keywords: Absorption; Bioavailability; Intestinal atrophy; Parenteral nutrition; Pharmacokinetics; Vancomycin