title: Toxicity of Vertimec® 18 EC (active ingredient abamectin) to the neotropical cladoceran Ceriodaphnia silvestrii.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the toxicity of abamectin to the neotropical cladoceran Ceriodaphnia silvestrii. To this end, acute and chronic bioassays were conducted with the commercial formulation Vertimec® 18 EC. In addition, the toxicity of water samples taken from a microcosm experiment evaluating the effects of a single application (144μga.i./L) and two applications (2×36μga.i./L) of Vertimec® 18 EC, in the presence or absence of a tadpole species (Lithobates catesbeianus), was also assessed. The acute LC50-48h for immobilization was 1.47μga.i./L and chronic NOEC-8d for survival and fertility (number of neonates per female) were 169 and 84nga.i./L, respectively. Irrespective of the presence of tadpoles, water samples from the microcosms applied with the single concentration of 144μga.i./L remained toxic until the end of the experiment, even when samples were diluted 32 times with culture medium. Water in the repeated pesticide treatment showed a similar toxic response after both applications. Toxicity of water samples from the microcosms was lower than that expected based on the generated LC50 values, which is explained by a potential reduced bioavailability of the test compound resulting from absorbance to organic material. Potential side-effects on C. silvestrii related with the use of Vertimec® 18 EC in Brazil and the suitability of this species for tropical toxicity testing are discussed.
authors: NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970 São Carlos, Brazil. Electronic address: maressa@sc.usp.br.
authors: Maressa P
authors: MP
authors: Casali-Pereira
authors: NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970 São Carlos, Brazil.
authors: Michiel A
authors: MA
authors: Daam
authors: NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970 São Carlos, Brazil.
authors: Juliana C
authors: JC
authors: de Resende
authors: NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970 São Carlos, Brazil.
authors: Ana M
authors: AM
authors: Vasconcelos
authors: NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970 São Carlos, Brazil.
authors: Evaldo L G
authors: EL
authors: Espíndola
authors: NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970 São Carlos, Brazil.
authors: Clarice M R
authors: CM
authors: Botta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D033361:Cladocera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; C048324:abamectin; D007559:Ivermectin
keywords: Aquatic ecotoxicology; Bioassays; Cladoceran; Model ecosystem; Pesticide; Tropics