title: Compilation of a preliminary checklist for the differential diagnosis of neurogenic stuttering.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neurogenic stuttering (NS) is the most frequently occurring acquired form of stuttering in children and adults. This form of stuttering is primarily caused by neurological incidents. Owing to controversies with regard to similarities between developmental stuttering (DS) and NS symptomatology, differential diagnosis is problematic. Differential diagnosis will guide the appropriate management of persons who stutter (PWS).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to describe and highlight the characteristics of NS in order to compile a preliminary checklist for accurate diagnosis and intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  An explorative, applied mixed method, multiple case study research design was followed. Purposive sampling was used to select four participants. A comprehensive assessment battery was compiled for data collection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results revealed a distinct pattern of core stuttering behaviours in NS, although discrepancies existed regarding stuttering severity and frequency. It was also found that DS and NS can co-occur. The case history and the core stuttering pattern are important considerations during differential diagnosis, as these are the only consistent characteristics in people with NS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is unlikely that all the symptoms of NS are present in an individual. The researchers scrutinised the findings of this study and the findings of previous literature to compile a potentially workable checklist.
authors: Mariska
authors: M
authors: Lundie
authors: Department Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria. ursula.zsilavecz@up.ac.za.
authors: Zandria
authors: Z
authors: Erasmus
authors: Ursula
authors: U
authors: Zsilavecz
authors: Jeannie
authors: J
authors: Van der Linde
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis; D001364:Awareness; D000070642:Brain Injuries, Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis; D057189:Checklist / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019303:Multilingualism; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D013019:South Africa; D013342:Stuttering / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D014705:Verbal Behavior