title: Etiology and pediatric chronic kidney disease progression: Taiwan Pediatric Renal Collaborative Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to examine the characteristics of Taiwanese children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and delineate the factors that lead to disease progression in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the records of the Taiwan Pediatric Renal Collaborative Study, a multicenter database of Taiwanese children with CKD. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify the main factors associated with disease progression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 382 children aged 1-18 years were included in the study (median age was 10.6 years; interquartile range: 6.4-13.8). There were 197 males (51.6%) and 185 females. CKD Stage 1 was diagnosed in 159 children (41.6%), Stage 2 in 160 (41.9%), Stage 3 in 51 (13.4%), and Stage 4 in 12 (3.1%). Fifty-six children (14.7%) experienced CKD progression. A multivariate analysis for all patients indicated that the risk for disease progression was increased in children with CKD secondary to a structural abnormality, genetic disease, anemia, elevated diastolic blood pressure, or elevated blood urea nitrogen. Compared with children with Stage 1 CKD, those with Stage 2 and Stage 4 CKD had decreased risk for CKD progression in this short-term cohort follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CKD etiology affects disease progression. Careful monitoring and treatment of anemia and elevated blood pressure in children with CKD may slow disease progression.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan. Electronic address: yuanyow@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
authors: Yuan-Yow
authors: YY
authors: Chiou
authors: Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors: Ching-Yuang
authors: CY
authors: Lin
authors: Department of Long Term Care, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors: Mei-Ju
authors: MJ
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Yee-Hsuan
authors: YH
authors: Chiou
authors: Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Yi-Fan
authors: YF
authors: Wang
authors: Section of Nephrology and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Hsin-Hui
authors: HH
authors: Wang
authors: Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: You-Lin
authors: YL
authors: Tain
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi City, Taiwan.
authors: Hsin-Hsu
authors: HH
authors: Chou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000740:Anemia / Q000150:complications*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016208:Databases, Factual; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications*; D007223:Infant; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010372:Pediatrics; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013624:Taiwan
keywords: children; chronic kidney diseases; disease progression; end-stage renal disease; pediatrics