title: Adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the graded chronic pain scale.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To adapt the Graded Chronic Pain Scale for use in Primary care patients in Spain, and to assess its psychometric properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical measures observational study investigating the severity of chronic pain. The methodology included a process of translation and back-translation following the international guidelines. Study participants were 75 patients who experienced lower back pain for more than six months and were sent to Primary Care physiotherapy units. Internal consistency, construct validity, test-retest reliability, floor and ceiling effects, and answering capacity were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Spanish version of the Graded Chronic Pain Scale had a high internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.87 and intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.81. Regarding construct validity, it was identified that two factors explained 72.37% of the variance. Convergent validity showed a moderate positive correlation with the Visual Analogue Scale, the activity avoidance subscale of the Tampa Scale of Kinesophobia, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Roland-Morris Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire, and the FearAvoidance Beliefs Questionnaire. A moderate negative correlation was identified with the Chronic Pain Self-Efficacy Scale. The mean time of questionnaire administration was 2minutes and 28seconds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Spanish version of the Graded Chronic Pain Scale appears to be a valid, reliable, and useful tool for measuring chronic pain at an early stage in Primary Care settings in Spain.
authors: Centro de Salud Entrevías, Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Madrid, España; Grupo de Investigación Motion in Brains de «Ciencias del Movimiento, Bioconducta y Estudio del Dolor», Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España; Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España. Electronic address: raul.ferrer@salud.madrid.org.
authors: Raúl
authors: R
authors: Ferrer-Peña
authors: Grupo de Investigación Motion in Brains de «Ciencias del Movimiento, Bioconducta y Estudio del Dolor», Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, España; Instituto de Neurociencia y dolor Craneofacial (INDCRAN), Madrid, España; Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España.
authors: Alfonso
authors: A
authors: Gil-Martínez
authors: Grupo de Investigación Motion in Brains de «Ciencias del Movimiento, Bioconducta y Estudio del Dolor», Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, España; Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España.
authors: Joaquín
authors: J
authors: Pardo-Montero
authors: Ejercicio libre de la profesión en Clínica Bonn, Madrid, España.
authors: Virginia
authors: V
authors: Jiménez-Penick
authors: Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España.
authors: Tomás
authors: T
authors: Gallego-Izquierdo
authors: Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, España; Instituto de Neurociencia y dolor Craneofacial (INDCRAN), Madrid, España; Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España.
authors: Roy
authors: R
authors: La Touche
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013030:Spain; D014177:Translations
keywords: Atención primaria de salud; Chronic pain; Dolor crónico; Dolor de la región lumbar; Escalas; Estudios de validación; Low back pain; Primary health care; Scales; Severity of illness index; Traducción; Translations; Validation studies; Índice de severidad de la enfermedad