title: Vaginal metastasis presenting as postmenopausal bleeding.
abstract: Vaginal cancer is rare worldwide and represents 2% of all gynaecological cancers in Singapore. Primary vaginal malignancies are rare and vaginal metastases constitute the majority of vaginal malignancies. Most of these metastases arise from the cervix, endometrium or ovary, although they can also metastasise from distant sites such as the colon, breast and pancreas. We report a rare case of vaginal metastasis in a patient with previous gastric and rectal adenocarcinomas. An 89-year-old woman with a history of gastric and rectal malignancy presented with postmenopausal bleeding. A 2-cm vaginal tumour at the introitus was discovered upon examination. This case demonstrates the importance of performing a gynaecological examination during follow-up for patients with a history of malignancy. The prognosis for vaginal metastasis is poor, as it is often associated with disseminated disease. Depending on the extent of the lesions, radiotherapy or surgery can be considered.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.
authors: Qiu Ju
authors: QJ
authors: Ng
authors: Department of Gynaecological Oncology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.
authors: Rama Padma
authors: RP
authors: Namuduri
authors: Department of Gynaecological Oncology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.
authors: Kwai Lam
authors: KL
authors: Yam
authors: Department of Women's Pathology and Cytology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.
authors: Soo Kim
authors: SK
authors: Lim-Tan
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D017698:Postmenopause; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014625:Vaginal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*
keywords: colon carcinoma; postmenopausal bleed; recurrence; vaginal metastasis