title: Trends in Type of Health Insurance Coverage for US Children and Their Parents, 1998-2011.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine trends in health insurance type among US children and their parents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (1998-2011), we linked each child (n = 120,521; weighted n ≈ 70 million) with his or her parent or parents and assessed patterns of full-year health insurance type, stratified by income. We examined longitudinal insurance trends using joinpoint regression and further explored these trends with adjusted regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When comparing 1998 to 2011, the percentage of low-income families with both child and parent or parents privately insured decreased from 29.2% to 19.1%, with an estimated decline of -0.86 (95% confidence interval, -1.10, -0.63) unadjusted percentage points per year; middle-income families experienced a drop from 74.5% to 66.3%, a yearly unadjusted percentage point decrease of -0.73 (95% confidence interval, -0.98, -0.48). The discordant pattern of publicly insured children with uninsured parents increased from 10.4% to 27.2% among low-income families and from 1.4% to 6.7% among middle-income families. Results from adjusted models were similar to joinpoint regression findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During the past decade, low- and middle-income US families experienced a decrease in the percentage of child-parent pairs with private health insurance and pairs without insurance. Concurrently, there was a rise in discordant coverage patterns-mainly publicly insured children with uninsured parents.
authors: Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Ore.
authors: Jennifer E
authors: JE
authors: DeVoe
authors: Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Ore.
authors: Carrie J
authors: CJ
authors: Tillotson
authors: Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Ore; Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Ore.
authors: Miguel
authors: M
authors: Marino
authors: Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Ore.
authors: Jean
authors: J
authors: O'Malley
authors: Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Ore. Electronic address: angierh@ohsu.edu.
authors: Heather
authors: H
authors: Angier
authors: Department of Family Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
authors: Lorraine S
authors: LS
authors: Wallace
authors: Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Ore.
authors: Rachel
authors: R
authors: Gold
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D065326:Children's Health Insurance Program / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019458:Insurance Coverage / Q000639:trends*; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000639:trends*; D008297:Male; D017057:Medically Uninsured; D008875:Middle Aged; D010290:Parents; D011203:Poverty; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: access to care; family health; health insurance; uninsured