title: Aberrant orbitofrontal connectivity in marijuana smoking adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Orbitofrontal (OFC) circuits have been implicated in the pathophysiology of substance use disorders. The current study examined OFC functional connectivity differences in marijuana-using adolescents (MJ) and non-using healthy controls (HC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) resting-state data were obtained on a 3T MRI scanner on 31 HC and 43 heavy MJ smokers. Image analyses were performed between groups (MJ, HC) for the left and right OFC separately. Regression analyses between OFC functional connectivity and lifetime MJ use, age of first MJ use and impulsivity also were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased OFC functional connectivity to frontal and motor regions was observed in heavy MJ users compared to HC. Earlier age of first MJ use was associated with increased functional connectivity of the right OFC to motor regions. High lifetime MJ use was associated with increased OFC functional connectivity to posterior brain regions in MJ youth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings indicate atypical OFC functional connectivity patterns in attentional/executive, motor and reward networks in adolescents with heavy MJ use. These anomalies may be related to suboptimal decision making capacities and increased impulsivity. Results also suggest different OFC connectivity patterns may be present in adolescents with early onset of MJ use and high lifetime exposure to MJ.
authors: The Brain Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; University of Utah Medical School, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors: Melissa Patricia
authors: MP
authors: Lopez-Larson
authors: The Brain Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors: Jadwiga
authors: J
authors: Rogowska
authors: The Brain Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; University of Utah Medical School, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; VISN 19 MIRREC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. Electronic address: Deborah.yurgelun-todd@hsc.utah.edu.
authors: Deborah
authors: D
authors: Yurgelun-Todd
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D003657:Decision Making / Q000187:drug effects; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D056344:Executive Function / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008385:Marijuana Smoking / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000473:pathology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D012201:Reward; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adolescents; Marijuana; Resting-state; fMRI