title: Elimination of motion and pulsation artifacts using BLADE sequences in shoulder MR imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the ability of proton-density with fat-suppression BLADE (proprietary name for periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction in MR systems from Siemens Healthcare, PDFS BLADE) and turbo inversion recovery magnitude-BLADE (TIRM BLADE) sequences to reduce motion and pulsation artifacts in shoulder magnetic resonance examinations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one consecutive patients who had been routinely scanned for shoulder examination participated in the study. The following pairs of sequences with and without BLADE were compared: (a) Oblique coronal proton-density sequence with fat saturation of 25 patients and (b) oblique sagittal T2 TIRM-weighed sequence of 20 patients. Qualitative analysis was performed by two experienced radiologists. Image motion and pulsation artifacts were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In oblique coronal PDFS BLADE sequences, motion artifacts have been significantly eliminated, even in five cases of non-diagnostic value with conventional imaging. Similarly, in oblique sagittal T2 TIRM BLADE sequences, image quality has been improved, even in six cases of non-diagnostic value with conventional imaging. Furthermore, flow artifacts have been improved in more than 80% of all the cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of BLADE sequences is recommended in shoulder imaging, especially in uncooperative patients because it effectively eliminates motion and pulsation artifacts.
authors: Department of Medical Radiological Technologists, Technological Education Institute of Athens, Greece, Athens, Greece.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Lavdas
authors: Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece. mvlychou@med.uth.gr.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Vlychou
authors: Department of Medical Radiological Technologists, Technological Education Institute of Athens, Greece, Athens, Greece.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Zaloni
authors: Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Vassiou
authors: Department of Orthopedics, IASO Hospital, Larissa, Greece.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Tsagkalis
authors: Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Dailiana
authors: Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Fezoulidis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016477:Artifacts; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009038:Motion; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging; Motion artifacts; Periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction; Pulsation artifacts; Shoulder