title: Effects of short-term exposure of mature oocytes to sodium nitroprusside on in vitro embryo production and gene expression in bovine.
abstract: Stress tolerance can be induced in embryos by oocyte exposure to hydrostatic pressure, osmotic agents, heat shock, or reactive oxygen species. This study assessed the effects of exposing bovine oocytes to a nitric oxide (NO) donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), on subsequent in vitro embryo production, embryo quality and the expression of genes involved in NO production (iNOS, eNOS, and nNOS), stress tolerance (HSP70 and HSP90), oxidative stress (HIF1A and PRDX5), and apoptosis (BCL2A1). In vitro mature oocytes were incubated with SNP (control, 10(-6) M, 10(-5) M, and 10(-4) M) for 1 hour before in vitro fertilization, and cultured until Day 7. Cleavage and blastocyst rates were recorded. Next, embryo quality (ratio of inner cell mass to total cell number) and relative gene expression of iNOS, eNOS, nNOS, HSP70, HSP90, HIF1A, PRDX5, and BCL2A1 were determined in expanded blastocysts. Cleavage rates were significantly lower for 10(-4) M SNP compared with the control and 10(-5) M SNP treatments (77 ± 7.1%, 82 ± 8.4%, and 84.9 ± 4.1%, respectively). Total blastocyst rates were lower in the 10(-4) M SNP group relative to the control group (26.2 ± 4.9% and 34.1 ± 7.8%, respectively). Embryo quality was similar among the groups. However, our relative gene expression analysis revealed the downregulation of endothelial oxide nitric synthase messenger RNA in expanded blastocysts in all the treatment groups compared with the control treatment. These results suggest that the short-term exposure of mature bovine oocytes to a NO donor does not induce their stress tolerance and has no beneficial effect on the in vitro embryo production of bovine embryos.
authors: Centro de Biotecnología de la Reproducción (BIOREN-CEBIOR), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Cheuquemán
authors: Centro de Biotecnología de la Reproducción (BIOREN-CEBIOR), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Loren
authors: Centro de Biotecnología de la Reproducción (BIOREN-CEBIOR), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Arias
authors: Centro de Biotecnología de la Reproducción (BIOREN-CEBIOR), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Risopatrón
authors: Centro de Biotecnología de la Reproducción (BIOREN-CEBIOR), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Felmer
authors: Centro ANDROGEN, La Coruña, Spain.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Álvarez
authors: Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Mogas
authors: Centro de Biotecnología de la Reproducción (BIOREN-CEBIOR), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. Electronic address: raul.sanchez@ufrontera.cl.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Sánchez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000662:veterinary; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D009599:Nitroprusside; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
keywords: Embryo quality; Gene expression; Nitric oxide; Oocyte; Stress tolerance; eNOS