title: Borrelia-induced cytokine production is mediated by spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) but is Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 independent.
abstract: Although it is known that Borrelia species express sugar-like structures on their outer surface, not much is known about the role of these structures in immune recognition by host cells. Fungi, like Candida albicans, are mainly recognized by C-type lectin receptors, in specific Dectin-1 and Dectin-2. In this study we assessed the role of Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 in the recognition process of Borrelia spirochetes. Using specific inhibitors against these receptors on human cells did not influenced cytokine production. Individuals carrying a SNP leading to an early stop codon in the DECTIN-1 gene also did not lead to differential induction of Borrelia-dependent cytokines. After injection of live Borrelia into knee joints of Dectin-2 deficient mice a trend towards lower inflammation was observed. Inhibition of Syk in human cells resulted in lower cytokine production after Borrelia stimulation. In conclusion, Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 seem not to play a major role in Borrelia recognition or Borrelia-induced inflammation. However, Syk seems to be involved in Borrelia-induced cytokine production.
authors: Department of Experimental Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: Marije.Doppenberg-Oosting@radboudumc.nl.
authors: Marije
authors: M
authors: Oosting
authors: Department of Experimental Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: Kathrin.Buffen@radboudumc.nl.
authors: Kathrin
authors: K
authors: Buffen
authors: Department of Experimental Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: jameschengnl@gmail.com.
authors: Shih-Chin
authors: SC
authors: Cheng
authors: Department of Experimental Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: Ineke.Verschueren@radboudumc.nl.
authors: Ineke C
authors: IC
authors: Verschueren
authors: Ozgene Pty Ltd., Bentley, Australia. Electronic address: ozgene@ozgene.com.
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: Koentgen
authors: Department of Experimental Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: Frank.vandeveerdonk@radboudumc.nl.
authors: Frank L
authors: FL
authors: van de Veerdonk
authors: Department of Experimental Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: Mihai.Netea@radboudumc.nl.
authors: Mihai G
authors: MG
authors: Netea
authors: Department of Experimental Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: Leo.Joosten@radboudumc.nl.
authors: Leo A B
authors: LAB
authors: Joosten
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D025065:Borrelia burgdorferi / Q000502:physiology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072377:Syk Kinase; D000099181:Dectin-1
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D000072377:Syk Kinase; D000099181:Dectin-1; C445340:dectin-2, mouse; C000606896:SYK protein, human; C000606897:Syk protein, mouse
keywords: Borrelia; Cytokines; Dectin-1; Dectin-2; Recognition; Syk