title: Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Early Prevention of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Disease: A Focus on Alzheimer's Disease.
abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and the most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. Furthermore, AD has provided the most positive indication to support the fact that inflammation contributes to neurodegenerative disease. The exact etiology of AD is unknown, but environmental and genetic factors are thought to contribute, such as advancing age, family history, presence of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes, and poor diet and lifestyle. It is hypothesised that early prevention or management of inflammation could delay the onset or reduce the symptoms of AD. Normal physiological changes to the brain with ageing include depletion of long chain omega-3 fatty acids and brains of AD patients have lower docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels. DHA supplementation can reduce markers of inflammation. This review specifically focusses on the evidence in humans from epidemiological, dietary intervention, and supplementation studies, which supports the role of long chain omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention or delay of cognitive decline in AD in its early stages. Longer term trials with long chain omega-3 supplementation in early stage AD are warranted. We also highlight the importance of overall quality and composition of the diet to protect against AD and dementia.
authors: Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, VIC, Australia.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Thomas
authors: Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, VIC, Australia.
authors: C J
authors: CJ
authors: Thomas
authors: Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, VIC, Australia.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Radcliffe
authors: Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, VIC, Australia.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Itsiopoulos
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3