title: Estrogen Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and Lung Adenocarcinoma Risk in Never-Smoking Women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association between estrogen receptor (ER) gene polymorphism and lung cancer risk is rarely studied. This study aimed to explore the ER gene polymorphisms associated with the lung adenocarcinoma risk in never-smoking women.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study evaluated 532 never-smoking female patients with lung adenocarcinoma and 532 healthy controls. The ESR1 and ESR2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data were retrieved from a genome-wide association study. Using a multivariate-adjusted logistic regression assay, the associations of ESR1 and ESR2 SNPs with the lung adenocarcinoma risk were estimated. Expression quantitative trait loci analysis was performed to investigate the possible functional roles of ER gene SNPs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For ESR1, seven tagged SNPs were identified. Among them, rs7753153 and rs985192 were associated with lung adenocarcinoma risk (rs7753153: odds ratios [OR], 1.509; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.168-1.950; rs985192: OR, 1.309; 95% CI, 1.001-1.712). For ESR2, only rs3020450 was associated with lung adenocarcinoma risk (OR, 2.110; 95% CI, 1.007-4.422). Subjects without hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use carrying at-risk genotypes had a significantly higher lung adenocarcinoma risk than subjects with HRT carrying no at-risk genotypes (rs7753153 GG: OR, 2.133; 95% CI, 1.415-3.216; rs985192 AA/AC, OR: 1.752, 95% CI: 1.109-2.768; rs3020450 AG/GG, OR: 7.162, 95% CI: 1.608-31.90). Risk genotypes of rs7753153 (p = 0.0248) and rs9479122 (p = 0.0251) were associated with decreased ESR1 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ER gene SNPs are associated with lung adenocarcinoma risk in never-smoking women. The joint effects of ER gene SNPs and HRT use on lung adenocarcinoma risk highlight the importance of the gene-environment interaction in lung carcinogenesis.
authors: *Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; †Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan; ‡Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; §Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; ‖Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; ¶Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; #Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, and Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; **Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; ††National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan; ‡‡Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan; §§Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; ‖‖Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; ¶¶Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; and ##Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Kuan-Yu
authors: KY
authors: Chen
authors: Chin-Fu
authors: CF
authors: Hsiao
authors: Gee-Chen
authors: GC
authors: Chang
authors: Ying-Huang
authors: YH
authors: Tsai
authors: Wu-Chou
authors: WC
authors: Su
authors: Yuh-Min
authors: YM
authors: Chen
authors: Ming-Shyan
authors: MS
authors: Huang
authors: Fang-Yu
authors: FY
authors: Tsai
authors: Shih-Sheng
authors: SS
authors: Jiang
authors: I-Shou
authors: IS
authors: Chang
authors: Chih-Yi
authors: CY
authors: Chen
authors: Chao A
authors: CA
authors: Hsiung
authors: Chien-Jen
authors: CJ
authors: Chen
authors: Pan-Chyr
authors: PC
authors: Yang
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics*; D000077192:Adenocarcinoma of Lung; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D011960:Receptors, Estrogen