title: Increase in acrolein-conjugated immunoglobulins in saliva from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We previously reported that the level of protein-conjugated acrolein (PC-Acro), a marker of cell or tissue damage, was increased in saliva from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), and that the level of PC-Acro was well correlated with the severity of pSS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acrolein-conjugated immunoglobulins were measured in saliva from pSS patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The activities of autoantibodies recognizing Sjögren's syndrome SSA (Ro) and SSB (La) proteins in saliva from pSS patients were approximately 3- to 5-fold higher than those from control subjects. We also found that autoantibody activities recognizing SSA (Ro) and SSB (La) proteins increased after acrolein treatment of saliva from control subjects. When an antibody against human serum albumin was treated with acrolein, the ability to recognize albumin was reduced but the ability to recognize other proteins was increased. Twenty-four and eleven kinds of acrolein-conjugated amino acids were found at the variable and constant regions of peptides, respectively, obtained from the immunoglobulins in saliva from pSS patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The altered recognition patterns of immunoglobulins due to acrolein conjugation are at least partially involved in autoimmune diseases.
authors: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, Japan.
authors: Tadao
authors: T
authors: Hirose
authors: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, Japan; Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, Japan.
authors: Ryotaro
authors: R
authors: Saiki
authors: Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, Japan.
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Uemura
authors: RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
authors: Takehiro
authors: T
authors: Suzuki
authors: RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
authors: Naoshi
authors: N
authors: Dohmae
authors: Department of Rheumatology, Niigata Rheumatic Center, Shibata, Niigata, Japan; Niigata Prefectural Kamo Hospital, Kamo, Niigata, Japan.
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Ito
authors: Niigata Prefectural Kamo Hospital, Kamo, Niigata, Japan.
authors: Hoyu
authors: H
authors: Takahashi
authors: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, Japan.
authors: Itsuko
authors: I
authors: Ishii
authors: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, Japan.
authors: Toshihiko
authors: T
authors: Toida
authors: Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan.
authors: Keiko
authors: K
authors: Kashiwagi
authors: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, Japan; Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, Japan. Electronic address: iga16077@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors: Kazuei
authors: K
authors: Igarashi
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000378:metabolism*; D000368:Aged; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000378:metabolism; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D000171:Acrolein
keywords: Acrolein; Immunoglobulins; LC–MS/MS; Sjögren's syndrome