title: Right ventricular remodeling, its correlates, and its clinical impact in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Structural right ventricular (RV) abnormalities are present in a substantial proportion of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but the trigger for RV hypertrophy remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between RV and left ventricular (LV) remodeling and the impact of biventricular involvement on clinical status in this setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-nine patients with HCM and 30 normal subjects with a similar age and gender distribution were prospectively enrolled. Comprehensive echocardiography was performed in all, including the assessment of LV and RV function by tissue Doppler and speckle-tracking echocardiography. Measurement of RV free wall thickness (RVWT) was performed at end-diastole, in a zoomed subcostal view, focusing on the RV midwall.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with HCM had increased RVWT (6.4 ± 1.9 vs 3.6 ± 0.8 mm, P < .001) and lower values of RV global longitudinal strain (-19.4 ± 4.4% vs -23.8 ± 2.7%, P < .001) compared with control subjects. RVWT was independently related to LV mass and LV global longitudinal strain. Increased RVWT was correlated with New York Heart Association class (r = 0.20, P = .04) and calculated sudden cardiac death risk score (r = 0.52, P < .001) and was independently related to the presence of ventricular arrhythmias (odds ratio, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.28-3.19; P = .002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with HCM, the presence of RV hypertrophy was associated with increased LV mass and reduced LV longitudinal strain, correlated with increased calculated sudden cardiac death risk score, and independently related to the presence of ventricular arrhythmias. These data suggest more severe disease in patients with biventricular HCM.
authors: University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila," Euroecolab, Bucharest, Romania; Emergency Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases "Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu," Bucharest, Romania.
authors: Monica
authors: M
authors: Roşca
authors: University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila," Euroecolab, Bucharest, Romania; Emergency Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases "Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu," Bucharest, Romania.
authors: Andreea
authors: A
authors: Călin
authors: University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila," Euroecolab, Bucharest, Romania; Emergency Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases "Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu," Bucharest, Romania.
authors: Carmen C
authors: CC
authors: Beladan
authors: University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila," Euroecolab, Bucharest, Romania; Emergency Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases "Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu," Bucharest, Romania.
authors: Roxana
authors: R
authors: Enache
authors: University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila," Euroecolab, Bucharest, Romania.
authors: Anca D
authors: AD
authors: Mateescu
authors: University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila," Euroecolab, Bucharest, Romania.
authors: Maria-Magdalena
authors: MM
authors: Gurzun
authors: University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila," Euroecolab, Bucharest, Romania.
authors: Paula
authors: P
authors: Varga
authors: University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila," Euroecolab, Bucharest, Romania.
authors: Cristian
authors: C
authors: Băicuş
authors: University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila," Euroecolab, Bucharest, Romania; Emergency Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases "Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu," Bucharest, Romania.
authors: Ioan M
authors: IM
authors: Coman
authors: University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila," Euroecolab, Bucharest, Romania; Emergency Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases "Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu," Bucharest, Romania.
authors: Ruxandra
authors: R
authors: Jurcuţ
authors: University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila," Euroecolab, Bucharest, Romania; Emergency Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases "Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu," Bucharest, Romania.
authors: Carmen
authors: C
authors: Ginghină
authors: University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila," Euroecolab, Bucharest, Romania; Emergency Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases "Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu," Bucharest, Romania. Electronic address: bogdan.a.popescu@gmail.com.
authors: Bogdan A
authors: BA
authors: Popescu
mesh_terms: D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015897:Comorbidity; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012383:Romania / Q000453:epidemiology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D015996:Survival Rate; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
keywords: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; Right ventricle; Right ventricle remodeling; Speckle-tracking echocardiography; Ventricular arrhythmia