title: Determination of phthalate esters in vegetable oils using direct immersion solid-phase microextraction and fast gas chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.
abstract: Phthalates are a group of synthetic compounds mainly used as plasticizers, which have been classified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals and potential human-cancer causing agents. They can be found in high amounts in foods, deriving mainly from plastic packaging. The analytical determination of these compounds is very challenging since they are ubiquitous. Therefore, minimization of sample manipulation is highly desirable. The present work exploited the application of a solid-phase microextraction method for the analysis of phthalates in vegetable oil. A preliminary comparison between a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and a Carbopack Z/PDMS fiber was carried out both in the headspace and direct immersion extraction modes. Before immersing the fiber, a rapid liquid-liquid extraction was performed using acetonitrile to remove the bulk of triglycerides. PDMS in the direct immersion mode showed the best performance. The method was fully validated obtaining a good linearity with a coefficient of correlation of over 0.9960 for all compounds, repeatability and accuracy values generally better than 10%, and very good limit of quantification values.
authors: "Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute" Department, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Barp
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università di Udine, Via Sondrio 2A, 33100 Udine, Italy; Chromaleont S.r.l., C/o "Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute" Department, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy. Electronic address: giopurcaro@gmail.com.
authors: Giorgia
authors: G
authors: Purcaro
authors: "Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute" Department, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
authors: Flavio A
authors: FA
authors: Franchina
authors: "Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute" Department, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
authors: Mariosimone
authors: M
authors: Zoccali
authors: "Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute" Department, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
authors: Danilo
authors: D
authors: Sciarrone
authors: "Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute" Department, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
authors: Peter Q
authors: PQ
authors: Tranchida
authors: "Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute" Department, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; Chromaleont S.r.l., C/o "Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute" Department, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
authors: Luigi
authors: L
authors: Mondello
mesh_terms: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis*; D004951:Esterification; D004952:Esters / Q000032:analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000032:analysis*; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004952:Esters; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D010938:Plant Oils; D010968:Plasticizers; C032279:phthalic acid
keywords: Fast gas chromatography; Phthalates; Solid-phase microextraction; Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry