title: Pharmacological Alternatives for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders: Wasp and Bee Venoms and Their Components as New Neuroactive Tools.
abstract: Neurodegenerative diseases are relentlessly progressive, severely impacting affected patients, families and society as a whole. Increased life expectancy has made these diseases more common worldwide. Unfortunately, available drugs have insufficient therapeutic effects on many subtypes of these intractable diseases, and adverse effects hamper continued treatment. Wasp and bee venoms and their components are potential means of managing or reducing these effects and provide new alternatives for the control of neurodegenerative diseases. These venoms and their components are well-known and irrefutable sources of neuroprotectors or neuromodulators. In this respect, the present study reviews our current understanding of the mechanisms of action and future prospects regarding the use of new drugs derived from wasp and bee venom in the treatment of major neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Epilepsy, Multiple Sclerosis and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
authors: Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil. ju.castroesilva@gmail.com.
authors: Juliana
authors: J
authors: Silva
authors: Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil. victoriananobio@gmail.com.
authors: Victoria
authors: V
authors: Monge-Fuentes
authors: Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil. flaviia.medeiros@hotmail.com.
authors: Flávia
authors: F
authors: Gomes
authors: Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil. kamila_farm@yahoo.com.br.
authors: Kamila
authors: K
authors: Lopes
authors: Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil. lilian.dosanjos@gmail.com.
authors: Lilian
authors: L
authors: dos Anjos
authors: Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil. gabriel_avohay@hotmail.com.
authors: Gabriel
authors: G
authors: Campos
authors: Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil. clauji55@gmail.com.
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Arenas
authors: Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil. andreia.biolchi@gmail.com.
authors: Andréia
authors: A
authors: Biolchi
authors: Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil. jacq.coimbra@gmail.com.
authors: Jacqueline
authors: J
authors: Gonçalves
authors: Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil. prigalante@yahoo.com.br.
authors: Priscilla
authors: P
authors: Galante
authors: Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil. leandro.ambrosio@gmail.com.
authors: Leandro
authors: L
authors: Campos
authors: Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil. mmortari@unb.br.
authors: Márcia
authors: M
authors: Mortari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001514:Bee Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014862:Wasp Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D001514:Bee Venoms; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D014862:Wasp Venoms
keywords: Apamin; AvTx-7; Mastoparan; Melittin; Pompilidotoxins; Wasp Kinin; bee venom; neurological disease; polyamine toxins; wasp venom