title: Biomarkers Associated with Vascular Calcification in Peritoneal Dialysis.
abstract: ♦
  
  
  
  Vascular calcification is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality. However, some factors related to vascular calcification in patients with end-stage renal disease receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD) remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), magnesium, and phosphate clearance with vascular calcification in PD subjects, assessed by plain radiographs. ♦
  
  
  
  Simple vascular calcification scores (SVCS) obtained from plain X-rays of the pelvis and hands, and the Kauppila Index (KI) from lateral lumbar X-rays were assessed in 76 adults receiving PD for ≥ 6 months (43 women, median age 39 years, median time on PD 1.4 years). Levels of OPG, OPN, OCN, and FGF-23 were determined by luminometry. ♦
  
  
  
  Serum OPG levels were higher in subjects with vascular calcification (n = 22 with SVCS > 3; n = 19 with KI > 7) compared with those with less calcification (p < 0.001). Spearman's correlation coefficients between OPG and SVCS and KI were r = 0.49 and r = 0.51, respectively (both p < 0.001). Subjects with vascular calcification had significantly lower renal phosphate clearance. Multiple regression analysis showed that vascular calcification assessed by SVCS was associated with age (r = 0.2, p = 0.042), diabetes mellitus (r = 2.4, p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.09, p = 0.037), and OPG (r = 0.22, p = 0.001). Vascular calcification assessed by KI was associated with age (r = 0.16, p < 0.001), time on PD (r = 0.54, p = 0.001) and OPG (r = 0.08, p = 0.04). Osteocalcin, OPN, FGF-23, and magnesium were not associated with vascular calcification. ♦
  
  
  
  Higher levels of OPG were consistently associated with vascular calcification in subjects on PD.
authors: Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico carlos.ramirezs@incmnsz.mx.
authors: Juan C
authors: JC
authors: Ramirez-Sandoval
authors: Department of Radiology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: Ivan
authors: I
authors: Casanova
authors: Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: Alejandro
authors: A
authors: Villar
authors: Department of Physiology of Nutrition, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: F Enrique
authors: FE
authors: Gomez
authors: Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: Cristino
authors: C
authors: Cruz
authors: Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: Ricardo
authors: R
authors: Correa-Rotter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D000089703:Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000097:blood; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000097:blood*; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D061205:Vascular Calcification / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C000717427:FGF23 protein, human; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D015675:Osteocalcin; D053495:Osteopontin; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D000089703:Fibroblast Growth Factor-23
keywords: FGF-23; Vascular calcification; cardiovascular mortality; osteoprotegerin; peritoneal dialysis; phosphorus