title: Dietary patterns are associated with excess weight and abdominal obesity in a cohort of young Brazilian adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the present study was to investigate whether dietary patterns are associated with excess weight and abdominal obesity among young adults (23-25 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2061 participants of a birth cohort from Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, started in 1978-1979. Twenty-seven subjects with caloric intake outside ±3 standard deviation range were excluded, leaving 2034 individuals. Excess weight was defined as body mass index (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2)), abdominal obesity as waist circumference (WC > 80 cm for women; >90 cm for men) and waist/hip ratio (WHR > 0.85 for women; >0.90 for men). Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment was used to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) adjusted for socio-demographic and lifestyle variables. Four dietary patterns were identified by principal component analysis: healthy, traditional Brazilian, bar and energy dense.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the adjusted analysis, the bar pattern was associated with a higher prevalence of excess weight (PR 1.46; 95 % CI 1.23-1.73) and abdominal obesity based on WHR (PR 2.19; 95 % CI 1.59-3.01). The energy-dense pattern was associated with a lower prevalence of excess weight (PR 0.73; 95 % CI 0.61-0.88). Men with greater adherence to the traditional Brazilian pattern showed a lower prevalence of excess weight (PR 0.65; 95 % CI 0.51-0.82), but no association was found for women. There was no association between the healthy pattern and excess weight/abdominal obesity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this sample, the bar pattern was associated with higher prevalences of excess weight and abdominal obesity, while the energy-dense (for both genders) and traditional Brazilian (only for men) patterns were associated with lower prevalences of excess weight.
authors: Department of Nutrition, State University of Ceará, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, Coordination of Nutrition Course, Itapery, Fortaleza, CE, 60740-000, Brazil. soraia.arruda@uece.br.
authors: Soraia Pinheiro
authors: SP
authors: Machado Arruda
authors: Department of Public Health, Federal University of Maranhão, Rua Barão de Itapary, 155, Centro, São Luís, MA, 65.020-070, Brazil.
authors: Antônio Augusto Moura
authors: AA
authors: da Silva
authors: Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Graduate Program in Nutrition, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 367, CCS - Bloco J - 2º andar, sala 29, Cidade Universitária - Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors: Gilberto
authors: G
authors: Kac
authors: Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Graduate Program in Nutrition, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 367, CCS - Bloco J - 2º andar, sala 29, Cidade Universitária - Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors: Ana Amélia Freitas
authors: AA
authors: Vilela
authors: Department of Pediatrics and Puericulture, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcellos, 2350, Bom Fim, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
authors: Marcelo
authors: M
authors: Goldani
authors: Department of Pediatrics and Puericulture, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
authors: Heloisa
authors: H
authors: Bettiol
authors: Department of Pediatrics and Puericulture, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
authors: Marco Antônio
authors: MA
authors: Barbieri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D055105:Waist Circumference; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio; D015430:Weight Gain; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins
keywords: Abdominal obesity; Dietary patterns; Excess weight; Young adults