title: Genetic and antigenic characterization of H5N1 viruses of clade 2.3.2.1 isolated in India.
abstract: The recurrent circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in Indian poultry since 2006 resulted in emergence of the viruses of distinct antigenic clades of haemagglutinin (HA) with the majority of the H5N1 outbreaks since 2011 belonging to clade 2.3.2.1. The present study was aimed to characterize the antigenic profile of a collection of H5N1 HPAI viruses of clade 2.3.2.1 isolated in India by applying antigenic cartography, serological data and phylogenetic analysis. Eleven H5N1 viruses (2 of clade 2.2 and 9 of clade 2.3.2.1) were selected based on genetic analysis and were further characterized by antigenic cartography analysis based on cross HI (hemagglutination inhibition) data. This study highlights the intercladal antigenic differences between clades 2.3.2.1 and 2.2 and the intracladal antigenic divergence among the clade 2.3.2.1 viruses. Five viruses of clade 2.3.2.1 were also studied for analysis of glycosylation pattern of Hemagglutinin (HA) gene and the growth kinetics analysis in MDCK cells in which the viruses CL03485/H5N1 and 03CL488/H5N1 showed better replication kinetics than other viruses. The study presents a baseline data of antigenicity and other factors that can be used in the selection of suitable H5 vaccine strains or HA donor viruses to develop H5 vaccine strains by reverse genetics or other methods for control of currently circulating H5N1 viruses in Indian region.
authors: ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), Anand Nagar, Bhopal, MP 462021, India.
authors: Sushant
authors: S
authors: Bhat
authors: ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), Anand Nagar, Bhopal, MP 462021, India. Electronic address: sandeep.bhatia@hsadl.in.
authors: Sandeep
authors: S
authors: Bhatia
authors: ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), Anand Nagar, Bhopal, MP 462021, India.
authors: Aravind S
authors: AS
authors: Pillai
authors: ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), Anand Nagar, Bhopal, MP 462021, India.
authors: Richa
authors: R
authors: Sood
authors: ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), Anand Nagar, Bhopal, MP 462021, India.
authors: Vikas Kumar
authors: VK
authors: Singh
authors: ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), Anand Nagar, Bhopal, MP 462021, India.
authors: Om Prakash
authors: OP
authors: Shrivas
authors: ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), Anand Nagar, Bhopal, MP 462021, India.
authors: Suchitra K
authors: SK
authors: Mishra
authors: ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), Anand Nagar, Bhopal, MP 462021, India.
authors: Namrata
authors: N
authors: Mawale
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D002645:Chickens; D004285:Dogs; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D007194:India; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D061985:Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; D010802:Phylogeny; D011201:Poultry Diseases; D014776:Virus Cultivation
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral
keywords: Antigenic cartography; Growth kinetics; HPAI H5N1; Phylogenetic analysis