title: Toward selective detection of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species with the use of fluorogenic probes--Limitations, progress, and perspectives.
abstract: Over the last 40 years, there has been tremendous progress in understanding the biological reactions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). It is widely accepted that the generation of ROS and RNS is involved in physiological and pathophysiological processes. To understand the role of ROS and RNS in a variety of pathologies, the specific detection of ROS and RNS is fundamental. Unfortunately, the intracellular detection and quantitation of ROS and RNS remains a challenge. In this short review, we have focused on the mechanistic and quantitative aspects of their detection with the use of selected fluorogenic probes. The challenges, limitations and perspectives of these methods are discussed.
authors: Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland.
authors: Karolina
authors: K
authors: Debowska
authors: Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland.
authors: Dawid
authors: D
authors: Debski
authors: Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, SREP, Centre de Saint Jérôme, Marseille Cedex 20, France.
authors: Micael
authors: M
authors: Hardy
authors: Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland.
authors: Malgorzata
authors: M
authors: Jakubowska
authors: Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
authors: Balaraman
authors: B
authors: Kalyanaraman
authors: Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland.
authors: Andrzej
authors: A
authors: Marcinek
authors: Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland.
authors: Radosław
authors: R
authors: Michalski
authors: Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland.
authors: Bartosz
authors: B
authors: Michalowski
authors: Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, SREP, Centre de Saint Jérôme, Marseille Cedex 20, France.
authors: Olivier
authors: O
authors: Ouari
authors: Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland. Electronic address: adam.sikora@p.lodz.pl.
authors: Adam
authors: A
authors: Sikora
authors: Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland.
authors: Renata
authors: R
authors: Smulik
authors: Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
authors: Jacek
authors: J
authors: Zielonka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: Fluorogenic probes; Hydrogen peroxide; Peroxynitrite; Protein hydroperoxides; Superoxide radical anion