title: HPV vaccines: their pathology-based discovery, benefits, and adverse effects.
abstract: The discovery of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine illustrates the power of in situ-based pathologic analysis in better understanding and curing diseases. The 2 available HPV vaccines have markedly reduced the incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasias, genital warts, and cervical cancer throughout the world. Concerns about HPV vaccine safety have led some physicians, health care officials, and parents to refuse providing the recommended vaccination to the target population. The aims of the study were to discuss the discovery of HPV vaccine and review scientific data related to measurable outcomes from the use of HPV vaccines. The strong type-specific immunity against HPV in humans has been known for more than 25 years. Multiple studies confirm the positive risk benefit of HPV vaccination with minimal documented adverse effects. The most common adverse effect, injection site pain, occurred in about 10% of girls and was less than the rate reported for other vaccines. Use of HPV vaccine should be expanded into more diverse populations, mainly in low-resource settings.
authors: Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, IOC, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
authors: Alcina F
authors: AF
authors: Nicol
authors: Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz.
authors: Cecilia V
authors: CV
authors: de Andrade
authors: Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz.
authors: Fabio B
authors: FB
authors: Russomano
authors: Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará and Post-graduate Student at Medicina Tropical - IOC - Fiocruz - Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
authors: Luana S L
authors: LS
authors: Rodrigues
authors: Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, IOC, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
authors: Nathalia S
authors: NS
authors: Oliveira
authors: Center for Technology Development in Health (CDTS)/(INCT-IDPN)-Fiocruz, Brazil.
authors: David William
authors: DW
authors: Provance
authors: Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA. Electronic address: nuovo.1@osu.edu.
authors: Gerard J
authors: GJ
authors: Nuovo
mesh_terms: D003218:Condylomata Acuminata / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines
keywords: Adverse events; Cervical cancer; HPV vaccine; Human papillomavirus; Vaccination