title: Neuroprotective effect of Spirulina fusiform and amantadine in the 6-OHDA induced Parkinsonism in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multi-factorial etiology exists in pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. The imbalance of anti-oxidant enzymes and dopamine level leads to Parkinsonism. The objective of this study was to assess the protective effect of Spirulina fusiform alone and in combination with amantadine against Parkinsonism effect in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  S. fusiform was administered in different groups (500 mg/kg, once daily and twice daily) and a combination of spirulina (500 mg/kg, once daily) with amantadine (20 mg/kg once daily) for 30 days before and 14 days after a single injection of 6-OHDA into the dorsal striatum. Post lesion produced rotational behavior which was measured at two week intervals (37th and 44th day). Locomotors activity was also done at 44th and muscle coordination at 48th day. Dorsal striatum was isolated from rat brain for evaluating the antioxidant assays and dopamine content at 49th day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both the body rotations (ipsilateral and contralateral) were found to have a statistically significant (p<0.001) decrease by 34.26 and 52% after treatment with spirulina (Twice a day) in spirulina treated lesioned group. A higher percentage of improvement was shown in the reduction of ipsilateral (57.34%) and contralateral (78.3%) rotations in combination of spirulina with amantadine treated lesioned group rather than spirulina alone treated lesioned groups when compared with positive control lesioned group. Body movements and locomotor activity were improved statistically (p<0.0001) significant in both treated lesioned groups (Combination of spirulina with amantadine and spirulina twice daily). Similar results were also seen in anti-oxidant levels which later on reached to the normal value. The levels of dopamine content had a statistically significant (p<0.0001) increase by 78.3% only in case of spirulina with amantadine treated lesioned group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spirulina is a potent nutraceutical supplement all over the world, so my preclinical study may contribute to give an additional adjuvant drug therapy in aging related disorders (Neurodegenerative as well as diabetes associated neurodegenerative disorders).
authors: Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, M. M. University, Mullana, (Ambala), Haryana, India.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Chattopadhyaya
authors: Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, M. M. University, Mullana, (Ambala), Haryana, India. sumeetgupta25@gmail.com.
authors: Sumeet
authors: S
authors: Gupta
authors: College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Asad
authors: A
authors: Mohammed
authors: Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, M. M. University, Mullana, (Ambala), Haryana, India.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Mushtaq
authors: Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, M. M. University, Mullana, (Ambala), Haryana, India.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Chauhan
authors: FDD-NDDS Lipid Research Group, Sun Pharma Advance Research Centre, Vadodra, Gujarat, India.
authors: Saikat
authors: S
authors: Ghosh
authors: Saikant
authors: S
authors: Ghosh
mesh_terms: D000547:Amantadine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016627:Oxidopamine; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D053545:Spirulina
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D016627:Oxidopamine; D000547:Amantadine