title: High serum levels of proinflammatory markers during epileptogenesis. Can omega-3 fatty acid administration reduce this process?
abstract: During the epileptogenic process, several events may occur, such as an important activation of the immune system in the central nervous system. The response to seizure activity results in an inflammation in the brain as well as in the periphery. Moreover, CRP and cytokines may be able to interact with numerous ligands in response to cardiac injury caused by sympathetic stimulation in ictal and postictal states. Based on this, we measured the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and cytokines during acute, silent, and chronic phases of rats submitted to the pilocarpine model of epilepsy. We have also analyzed the effect of a chronic treatment of these rats with omega-3 fatty acid in CRP and cytokine levels, during an epileptic focus generation. C-reactive protein and cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α presented high concentration in the blood of rats, even well after the occurrence of SE. We found reduced levels of CRP and all proinflammatory cytokines in the blood of animals with chronic seizures, treated with omega-3, when compared with those treated with vehicle solution. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that the omega-3 is an effective treatment to prevent SUDEP occurrence due to its capability to act as an anti-inflammatory compound, reducing the systemic inflammatory parameters altered by seizures.
authors: Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Disciplina de Neurociência, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Telma Luciana Furtado
authors: TL
authors: Gouveia
authors: Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Disciplina de Neurociência, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Paula Viviane
authors: PV
authors: Vieira de Sousa
authors: Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Sandro Soares
authors: SS
authors: de Almeida
authors: Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Disciplina de Neurociência, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Mariana Bocca
authors: MB
authors: Nejm
authors: Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Disciplina de Neurociência, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Joíse Marques
authors: JM
authors: Vieira de Brito
authors: Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Roberta Monterazzo
authors: RM
authors: Cysneiros
authors: Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Marlon Vilela
authors: MV
authors: de Brito
authors: Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Bruno Ramos
authors: BR
authors: Salu
authors: Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Maria Luiza Vilela
authors: ML
authors: Oliva
authors: Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Disciplina de Neurociência, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Fúlvio Alexandre
authors: FA
authors: Scorza
authors: Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Disciplina de Neurociência, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: naffahmazzacoratti@gmail.com.
authors: Maria da Graça
authors: Mda G
authors: Naffah-Mazzacoratti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003292:Convulsants; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000097:blood* / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D010862:Pilocarpine; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003292:Convulsants; D016207:Cytokines; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D010862:Pilocarpine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: C-reactive protein; Cytokines; Epileptogenesis; Omega-3 fatty acid; Pilocarpine; Temporal lobe epilepsy