title: Supercritical extraction of sunflower oil: A central composite design for extraction variables.
abstract: Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction of sunflower seed for the production of vegetable oil is investigated and compared to conventional methods. The effects of extracting variables, namely pressure, temperatures, particle size, SC-CO2 flow rate and co-solvent, on SC-CO2 extraction are investigated. The maximum yield for sunflower oil is found to be about 54.37 wt%, and is obtained when SC-CO2 extraction is carried out at 80 °C, 400 bar, 0.75 mm particle and 10 g/min solvent flow with 5% co-solvent. A central composite design is used to develop the model and also to predict the optimum conditions. At optimum conditions obtained based on desirability function, 80.54 °C, 345 bar, 1.00 mm, 10.50 g/min and 7.58% ethanol, SC-CO2 extraction has performed and found that extraction yield dropped by 2.88% from the predicted value. Fatty acid composition of SC-CO2 and hexane extracted oil shows negligible difference and found high source of linoleic acid.
authors: Department of Chemical Engineering, NIT Hamirpur, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh 177005, India. Electronic address: mit.rai123456@gmail.com.
authors: Amit
authors: A
authors: Rai
authors: Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
authors: Bikash
authors: B
authors: Mohanty
authors: Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
authors: Ravindra
authors: R
authors: Bhargava
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D000431:Ethanol; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D010316:Particle Size; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011312:Pressure; D012997:Solvents; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D010938:Plant Oils; D012997:Solvents; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Central composite design; Seed oil; Sunflower; Supercritical fluid extraction