title: Accelerometer-based Physical Activity Monitoring in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: Objective and Ambulatory Assessment of Actual Physical Activity During Daily Life Circumstances.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is important to assess physical activity objectively during daily life circumstances, to understand the association between physical activity and diseases and to determine the effectiveness of interventions. Accelerometer-based physical activity monitoring seems a promising method and could potentially capture all four FITT (i.e. Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type) components of physical activity considered by the World Health Organization (WHO).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the four FITT components of physical activity with an accelerometer during daily life circumstances and compare with self-reported levels of physical activity in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and a healthy control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (n=30) with end-stage knee OA and age-matched healthy subjects (n=30) were measured. An ambulant tri-axial accelerometer was placed onto the lateral side of the upper leg. Physical activity was measured during four consecutive days. Using algorithm-based peak detection methods in Matlab, parameters covering the four FITT components were assessed. Self-reported physical activity was assessed using the Short questionnaire to assess health enhancing physical activity (SQUASH).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Knee OA patients demonstrated fewer walking bouts (154 ±79 versus 215 ±65 resp.; p=0.002), step counts (4402 ±2960 steps/day versus 6943 ±2581 steps/day; p=0.001) and sit-to-stand (STS) transfers (37 ±14 versus 44 ±12; p=0.031) compared to controls. Knee OA patients demonstrated more time sitting (65 ±15% versus 57 ±10% resp.; p=0.029), less time walking (8 ±4% versus 11 ±4% resp.; p=0.014) and lower walking cadence (87 ±11steps/min versus 99 ± 8steps/min resp.; p<0.001). Accelerometer-based parameters of physical activity were moderately-strong (Pearsons's r= 0.28-0.49) correlated to self-reported SQUASH scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single ambulant accelerometer-based physical activity monitor feasibly captures the four FITT components of physical activity and provides more insight into the actual physical activity behavior and limitations of knee OA patients in their daily life.
authors: AHORSE Foundation, Department of Orthopaedics, Atrium Medical Center Heerlen, The Netherlands.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Verlaan
authors: AHORSE Foundation, Department of Orthopaedics, Atrium Medical Center Heerlen, The Netherlands.
authors: S A A N
authors: SA
authors: Bolink
authors: AHORSE Foundation, Department of Orthopaedics, Atrium Medical Center Heerlen, The Netherlands.
authors: S N
authors: SN
authors: Van Laarhoven
authors: AHORSE Foundation, Department of Orthopaedics, Atrium Medical Center Heerlen, The Netherlands.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Lipperts
authors: AHORSE Foundation, Department of Orthopaedics, Atrium Medical Center Heerlen, The Netherlands.
authors: I C
authors: IC
authors: Heyligers
authors: AHORSE Foundation, Department of Orthopaedics, Atrium Medical Center Heerlen, The Netherlands.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Grimm
authors: AHORSE Foundation, Department of Orthopaedics, Atrium Medical Center Heerlen, The Netherlands.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Senden
keywords: Accelerometer; FITT; activity monitor; knee osteoarthritis; physical activity