title: Effects of Resistance Training With and Without Caloric Restriction on Arterial Stiffness in Overweight and Obese Older Adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Arterial stiffness is an important marker of vascular aging that is increased in sedentary, obese older adults. Weight loss induced by caloric restriction (CR) can improve arterial stiffness in this population; however, the effects of resistance training (RT) are not clear. This pilot study determined the effects of RT with and without CR on arterial stiffness in overweight and obese older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (mean age = 68±3 years, mean body mass index = 31.1±2.7 kg/m(2), 56% female, 13% Black) were randomly assigned to 3 days/week of supervised moderate-intensity RT (n = 16) or RT+CR (n = 16) for 5 months. Three indices of arterial stiffness were measured: brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, large artery elasticity, and small artery elasticity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Body mass was significantly reduced in the RT+CR group compared to the RT group (-6.2±4.8 vs. 0.2±1.2 kg, P = 0.0006). Within-group analyses showed that none of the arterial stiffness measures changed with RT or RT+CR. There were also no significant between-group differences, though median changes in large artery elasticity were slightly greater with RT+CR: 0.7 (-2.5, 5.1) vs. 0.3 (-2.6, 0.9) ml/mm Hg × 10, P = 0.07. Changes in large artery elasticity were negatively correlated with changes in waist circumference (r = -0.36, P < 0.05), systolic blood pressure (r = -0.38, P = 0.03), and diastolic blood pressure (r = -0.41, P = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of RT and CR, leading to a modest amount of weight loss (7%), tended to increase large artery elasticity more than RT alone. Our data suggest that reductions in waist circumference and blood pressure may promote improvements in elasticity.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Trial Number NCT01049698.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA;
authors: Margie E
authors: ME
authors: Jefferson
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA;
authors: Barbara J
authors: BJ
authors: Nicklas
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA;
authors: Elizabeth A
authors: EA
authors: Chmelo
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA;
authors: Charlotte I
authors: CI
authors: Crotts
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA;
authors: Hossam A
authors: HA
authors: Shaltout
authors: Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; Department of General Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA;
authors: Debra I
authors: DI
authors: Diz
authors: Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University; Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
authors: Anthony P
authors: AP
authors: Marsh
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; tbrinkle@wakehealth.edu.
authors: Tina E
authors: TE
authors: Brinkley
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009657:North Carolina; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D055070:Resistance Training; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D059289:Vascular Stiffness; D055105:Waist Circumference; D015431:Weight Loss
keywords: aging; arterial elasticity; blood pressure; exercise; hypertension; obesity; pulse wave velocity; weight loss.