title: Potential functional applications of extracellular vesicles: a report by the NIH Common Fund Extracellular RNA Communication Consortium.
abstract: The NIH Extracellular RNA Communication Program's initiative on clinical utility of extracellular RNAs and therapeutic agents and developing scalable technologies is reviewed here. Background information and details of the projects are presented. The work has focused on modulation of target cell fate by extracellular vesicles (EVs) and RNA. Work on plant-derived vesicles is of intense interest, and non-mammalian sources of vesicles may represent a very promising source for different therapeutic approaches. Retro-viral-like particles are intriguing. Clearly, EVs share pathways with the assembly machinery of several other viruses, including human endogenous retrovirals (HERVs), and this convergence may explain the observation of viral-like particles containing viral proteins and nucleic acid in EVs. Dramatic effect on regeneration of damaged bone marrow, renal, pulmonary and cardiovascular tissue is demonstrated and discussed. These studies show restoration of injured cell function and the importance of heterogeneity of different vesicle populations. The potential for neural regeneration is explored, and the capacity to promote and reverse neoplasia by EV exposure is described. The tremendous clinical potential of EVs underlies many of these projects, and the importance of regulatory issues and the necessity of general manufacturing production (GMP) studies for eventual clinical trials are emphasized. Clinical trials are already being pursued and should expand dramatically in the near future.
authors: Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; pquesenberry@lifespan.org.
authors: Peter J
authors: PJ
authors: Quesenberry
authors: Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors: Jason
authors: J
authors: Aliotta
authors: Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Camussi
authors: Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.|Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors: Asim B
authors: AB
authors: Abdel-Mageed
authors: Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors: Sicheng
authors: S
authors: Wen
authors: Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Goldberg
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors: Huang-Ge
authors: HG
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.
authors: Ciro
authors: C
authors: Tetta
authors: Department of Molecular Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors: Jeffrey
authors: J
authors: Franklin
authors: Department of Molecular Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors: Robert J
authors: RJ
authors: Coffey
authors: Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Kirsty
authors: K
authors: Danielson
authors: Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Vinita
authors: V
authors: Subramanya
authors: Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Ionita
authors: I
authors: Ghiran
authors: Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Saumya
authors: S
authors: Das
authors: Department of Surgery, Center for Theoretical and Applied Neuro-Oncology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors: Clark C
authors: CC
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors: Kae M
authors: KM
authors: Pusic
authors: Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors: Aya D
authors: AD
authors: Pusic
authors: Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors: Devasis
authors: D
authors: Chatterjee
authors: Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors: Richard P
authors: RP
authors: Kraig
authors: Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
authors: Leonora
authors: L
authors: Balaj
authors: Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Dooner
keywords: cancer; cell fate change; extracellular vesicles; functional effects; pulmonary heart disease; renal