title: Parrot bornavirus-2 and -4 RNA detected in wild bird samples in Japan are phylogenetically adjacent to those found in pet birds in Japan.
abstract: Bornaviruses (family Bornaviridae) are non-segmented negative-strand RNA viruses. Avian bornaviruses (ABVs), which are causative agents of proventricular dilatation disease, are a genetically diverse group with at least 15 genotypes, including parrot bornaviruses (PaBVs) and aquatic bird bornavirus 1(ABBV-1). Borna disease virus 1(BoDV-1), which infects mammals and causes neurological diseases, has also been reported to infect avian species, although the numbers of the cases have been markedly fewer than those of ABVs. In this study, we conducted genetic surveillance to detect ABVs (PaBV-1 to -5 and ABBV-1) and BoDV-1 in wild birds in Japan. A total of 2078 fecal or cloacal swab samples were collected from wild birds in 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2011, in two regions of Japan. The results demonstrated the presence of PaBV-2 and -4 RNA, while no positive results for other PaBVs, ABBV-1, and BoDV-1 were obtained. PaBV-2 and -4 RNA were detected in 18 samples (0.9 %) of the genera Anas, Grus, Larus, Calidris, Haliaeetus, and Emberiza, in which either PaBV-2 RNA or PaBV-4 RNA, or both PaBV-2 and -4 RNA were detected in 15 (0.7 %), 5 (0.2 %), and 2 (0.1 %) samples, respectively. The nucleotide sequences of PaBV-2 and -4 detected in these samples from wild birds are phylogenetically close to those found in samples from pet birds in Japan, with identities ranging from 99.8 to 100 % and from 98.2 to 99.4 %, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the detection of PaBV-2 and -4 RNA detected in samples from wild birds.
authors: Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan. sassa_y@cc.tuat.ac.jp.
authors: Yukiko
authors: Y
authors: Sassa
authors: Research Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Japan, 2-11 Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
authors: Vuong Nghia
authors: VN
authors: Bui
authors: Institute for Raptor Biomedicine Japan, 2-2101 Hokuto, Kushiro, Hokkaido, 084-0922, Japan.
authors: Keisuke
authors: K
authors: Saitoh
authors: Institute for Raptor Biomedicine Japan, 2-2101 Hokuto, Kushiro, Hokkaido, 084-0922, Japan.
authors: Yukiko
authors: Y
authors: Watanabe
authors: Laboratory of Ethology, TUAT, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Koyama
authors: Department of Basic Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, 069-8501, Japan.
authors: Daiji
authors: D
authors: Endoh
authors: Transboundary Animal Diseases Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
authors: Masayuki
authors: M
authors: Horie
authors: Laboratory of Human Tumor Viruses, Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
authors: Keizo
authors: K
authors: Tomonaga
authors: Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, TUAT, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.|Research and Education center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, TUAT, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
authors: Tetsuya
authors: T
authors: Furuya
authors: Research and Education center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, TUAT, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Nagai
authors: Research and Education center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, TUAT, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
authors: Tsutomu
authors: T
authors: Omatsu
authors: Research Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Japan, 2-11 Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
authors: Kunitoshi
authors: K
authors: Imai
authors: Research Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Japan, 2-11 Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
authors: Haruko
authors: H
authors: Ogawa
authors: Research and Education center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, TUAT, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
authors: Tetsuya
authors: T
authors: Mizutani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D001717:Birds / Q000821:virology*; D028981:Bornaviridae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002988:Cloaca / Q000821:virology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D016679:Genome, Viral; D007564:Japan; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018701:Mononegavirales Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Avian bornavirus; Neurological disorder; PDD; Wild bird