title: Biological Activity of Mesoporous Dendrimer-Coated Titanium Dioxide: Insight on the Role of the Surface-Interface Composition and the Framework Crystallinity.
abstract: Hitherto, the field of nanomedicine has been overwhelmingly dominated by the use of mesoporous organosilicas compared to their metal oxide congeners. Despite their remarkable reactivity, titanium oxide-based materials have been seldom evaluated and little knowledge has been gained with respect to their "structure-biological activity" relationship. Herein, a fruitful association of phosphorus dendrimers (both "ammonium-terminated" and "phosphonate-terminated") and titanium dioxide has been performed by means of the sol-gel process, resulting in mesoporous dendrimer-coated nanosized crystalline titanium dioxide. A similar organo-coating has been reproduced using single branch-mimicking dendrimers that allow isolation of an amorphous titanium dioxide. The impact of these materials on red blood cells was evaluated by studying cell hemolysis. Next, their cytotoxicity toward B14 Chinese fibroblasts and their antimicrobial activity were also investigated. Based on their variants (cationic versus anionic terminal groups and amorphous versus crystalline titanium dioxide phase), better understanding of the role of the surface-interface composition and the nature of the framework has been gained. No noticeable discrimination was observed for amorphous and crystalline material. In contrast, hemolysis and cytotoxicity were found to be sensitive to the nature of the interface composition, with the ammonium-terminated dendrimer-coated titanium dioxide being the most hemolytic and cytotoxic material. This surface-functionalization opens the door for creating a new synergistic machineries mechanism at the cellular level and seems promising for tailoring the biological activity of nanosized organic-inorganic hybrid materials.
authors: Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz , 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
authors: Katarzyna
authors: K
authors: Milowska
authors: Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz , 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
authors: Aneta
authors: A
authors: Rybczyńska
authors: Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz , 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
authors: Joanna
authors: J
authors: Mosiolek
authors: Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz , 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
authors: Joanna
authors: J
authors: Durdyn
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz , 137 Pomorska Street, 90-235 Lodz, Poland.
authors: Eligia M
authors: EM
authors: Szewczyk
authors: Euromed Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes (UEMF), Fès-Shore , Route de Sidi Hrazem, 30070 Fès, Morocco.
authors: Nadia
authors: N
authors: Katir
authors: Université Mohammed V Agdal, Faculté des Sciences, and MAScIR foundation, 10100 Rabat, Morocco.
authors: Younes
authors: Y
authors: Brahmi
authors: Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC) CNRS , 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France.
authors: Jean-Pierre
authors: JP
authors: Majoral
authors: Euromed Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes (UEMF), Fès-Shore , Route de Sidi Hrazem, 30070 Fès, Morocco.
authors: Mosto
authors: M
authors: Bousmina
authors: Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz , 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Bryszewska
authors: Euromed Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes (UEMF), Fès-Shore , Route de Sidi Hrazem, 30070 Fès, Morocco.
authors: Abdelkrim
authors: A
authors: El Kadib
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D016466:CHO Cells; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D050091:Dendrimers / Q000737:chemistry*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D050997:Nanomedicine; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D016062:Porosity; D053838:Scattering, Small Angle; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D050091:Dendrimers; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: amorphous material; crystalline material; cytotoxicity; hemolysis; phosphorus dendrimers; titanium dioxide