title: Fullerene-Grafted Graphene for Efficient Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Photovoltaic Devices.
abstract: A simple lithiation reaction was developed to covalently attach monosubstituted C60 onto graphene nanosheets. Detailed spectroscopic (e.g., Fourier transform infrared, Raman) analyses indicated that C60 molecules were covalently attached onto the graphene surface through monosubstitution. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observation revealed that these monosubstituted C60 moieties acted as nucleation centers to promote the formation of C60 aggregates of ∼5 nm in diameter on the graphene surface. The resultant C60-grafted graphene nanosheets were used as electron acceptors in poly(3-hexylthiophene)-based bulk heterojunction solar cells to significantly improve the electron transport, and hence the overall device performance, yielding a power conversion efficiency of ∼1.22%.
authors: †Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.
authors: Dingshan
authors: D
authors: Yu
authors: Kyusoon
authors: K
authors: Park
authors: §Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, RXBP, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Durstock
authors: †Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.
authors: Liming
authors: L
authors: Dai
keywords: bulk heterojunction; fullerene; graphene; lithiation reaction; solar cell