title: Beneficial Effect of Etanercept on Hyperoxic Lung Injury Model in Neonatal Rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether prophylaxis with etanercept, an anti-inflammatory drug, would decrease the severity of lung injury in a neonatal rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD);
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat pups were divided into three groups: pups exposed to room air (group 1; n = 10), to hyperoxia + placebo (group 2; n = 9), and to hyperoxia + etanercept (group 3; n = 8). Lung morphology was assessed by alveolar surface area percentage, which is a measure of alveolar size. The severities of lung inflammation and antioxidant capacity were assessed by quantifying tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) from lung homogenate;
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of alveolar surface areas were significantly higher in group 3 compared to group 2 (p = .004) and similar in both group 1 and group 3 (p = .21). The mean level of lung MDA was significantly higher in group 2 compared to group 1 and group 3 (p < .05 for both). Lung homogenate SOD activities in group 3 was significantly higher than group 2 (p < .001). Furthermore, group 3 pups had lower levels of TNF-α and TGF-β in lung homogenate than that in group 2 (p < .05 for both) but similar in both group 1 and group 3;
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Etanercept has favorable effects on alveolarization as well as inflammation and oxidative stress markers in a neonatal rat model of BPD.
authors: a Division of Neonatology , Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity Teaching Hospital , Ankara , Turkey.
authors: Mehmet Yekta
authors: MY
authors: Oncel
authors: b Division of Neonatology , Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Faculty of Medicine , Kahramanmaraş , Turkey.
authors: Sadik
authors: S
authors: Yurttutan
authors: a Division of Neonatology , Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity Teaching Hospital , Ankara , Turkey.
authors: Evrim
authors: E
authors: Alyamac Dizdar
authors: a Division of Neonatology , Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity Teaching Hospital , Ankara , Turkey.
authors: Ismail Kursat
authors: IK
authors: Gokce
authors: c Department of Pathology , Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey.
authors: Ipek Isik
authors: II
authors: Gonul
authors: d Department of Physiology , Gulhane Military Medical Academy , Ankara , Turkey.
authors: Turgut
authors: T
authors: Topal
authors: a Division of Neonatology , Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity Teaching Hospital , Ankara , Turkey.
authors: Fuat Emre
authors: FE
authors: Canpolat
authors: a Division of Neonatology , Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity Teaching Hospital , Ankara , Turkey.|e Department of Pediatrics , Yıldırım Beyazıt University, School of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey.
authors: Ugur
authors: U
authors: Dilmen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000068800:Etanercept / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018496:Hyperoxia / Q000150:complications*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000502:physiology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000032:analysis; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000068800:Etanercept
keywords: bronchopulmonary dysplasia; etanercept; hyperoxic lung injury; neonatal rats