title: Effective removal of cationic dyes using carboxylate-functionalized cellulose nanocrystals.
abstract: A novel carboxylate-functionalized adsorbent (CNM) based on cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was prepared and adsorptive removal of multiple cationic dyes (crystal violet, methylene blue, malachite green and basic fuchsin) were investigated. The maximum cationic dyes uptakes ranged from 30.0 to 348.9mgg(-1) following the order of: CNM>CNCs>raw cellulose. Furthermore, the removal of crystal violet by CNM was investigated representatively where kinetics, thermodynamics and isotherm analysis were employed to explain in-depth information associated with the adsorption process. The adsorption kinetics fitted well to the pseudo-second-order model and thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic. Meanwhile, isothermal study demonstrated a monolayer adsorption behavior following the Langmuir model with a calculated maximum absorption capacity of 243.9mgg(-1), which is higher than those of many other reported adsorbents. These findings prefigure the promising potentials of CNM as a versatile adsorbent for the efficient removal of cationic dyes from wastewater.
authors: Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China.
authors: Han
authors: H
authors: Qiao
authors: Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China. Electronic address: zhouyanmei@henu.edu.cn.
authors: Yanmei
authors: Y
authors: Zhou
authors: Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China.
authors: Fang
authors: F
authors: Yu
authors: Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China.
authors: Enze
authors: E
authors: Wang
authors: Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China.
authors: Yinghao
authors: Y
authors: Min
authors: Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China.
authors: Qi
authors: Q
authors: Huang
authors: Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China.
authors: Lanfang
authors: L
authors: Pang
authors: Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China.
authors: Tongsen
authors: T
authors: Ma
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D002412:Cations; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D005840:Gentian Violet / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D008299:Maleic Anhydrides / Q000737:chemistry; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D013816:Thermodynamics; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D002412:Cations; D002482:Cellulose; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005840:Gentian Violet; D008299:Maleic Anhydrides; D008751:Methylene Blue; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D062065:Wastewater; C005095:malachite green; C025485:basic fuchsin
keywords: Adsorption; Cationic dyes; Cellulose nanocrystals; Crystal violet; Maleic anhydride