title: Occurrence of Coliform and Escherichia coli Contamination and Absence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Romaine Lettuce from Retail Stores in the Upper Midwest.
abstract: A total of 720 whole, romaine lettuce heads were purchased from retail locations in the Upper Midwest and assessed for coliform and Escherichia coli contamination and for the presence of E. coli O157:H7. During a 16-month period (August 2010 through December 2011), coliform and E. coli counts were enumerated on Petrifilm, and the presence of E. coli O157:H7 and the virulence gene eae was evaluated by real-time PCR (qPCR). Over half (400 of 720) of the lettuce samples were processed with an immunomagnetic separation step before the qPCR assay. All retail lettuce samples were negative for E. coli O157:H7 when tested with the R.A.P.I.D. LT qPCR targeting a region of the O-antigen, and only two (0.28%) were positive for the eae gene when tested with LightCycler qPCR. On Petrifilm, coliform counts of most lettuce samples (96.4%) were between <10(1) and 10(3) CFU/g, and E. coli counts for nearly all lettuce samples (98.2%) were <10(1) CFU/g. No seasonal trend in coliform and E. coli counts was observed throughout the examination period nor was a difference in coliform counts observed between packaged and nonpackaged lettuce heads. These results contribute to the limited recorded data and understanding of microbial contamination of whole romaine lettuce heads purchased from retail locations, specifically revealing the absence of E. coli O157:H7 and low levels of contamination with coliforms and other E. coli strains.
authors: Department of Food Administration, Kwik Trip, Inc., La Crosse, Wisconsin 54602-2107, USA.
authors: Josephine D
authors: JD
authors: Greve
authors: Department of Food Administration, Kwik Trip, Inc., La Crosse, Wisconsin 54602-2107, USA.
authors: Mark S
authors: MS
authors: Zietlow
authors: Marshfield Food Safety, LLC, 2302 Kwik Trip Way, La Crosse, Wisconsin 54602-2107, USA.
authors: Kevin M
authors: KM
authors: Miller
authors: Department of Food Administration, Kwik Trip, Inc., La Crosse, Wisconsin 54602-2107, USA. jellingson@kwiktrip.com.
authors: Jay L E
authors: JL
authors: Ellingson
mesh_terms: D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D018189:Immunomagnetic Separation; D018545:Lactuca / Q000382:microbiology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C073819:eaeA protein, E coli