title: Multimodal cancer imaging using lanthanide-based upconversion nanoparticles.
abstract: Multimodal nanoprobes that integrate different imaging modalities in one nano-system could offer synergistic effect over any modality alone to satisfy the higher requirements on the efficiency and accuracy for clinical diagnosis and medical research. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), particularly lanthanide (Ln)-based NPs have been regarded as an ideal building block for constructing multimodal bioprobes due to their fascinating properties. In this review, we first summarize recent advances in the optimizations of existing UCNPs. In particular, we highlight the applications of Ln-based UCNPs for multimodal cancer imaging in vitro and in vivo. The explorations of UCNPs-based multimodal nanoprobes for targeting diagnosis and imaging-guided therapeutics are also presented. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of Ln-based UCNPs in this rapid growing field are discussed.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130024, P. R. China.
authors: Dongmei
authors: D
authors: Yang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130024, P. R. China.
authors: Chunxia
authors: C
authors: Li
authors: State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130024, P. R. China.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D028581:Lanthanoid Series Elements / Q000737:chemistry*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D028581:Lanthanoid Series Elements
keywords: MRI; diagnosis; drug delivery; lanthanides; multimodal imaging; nanoparticles; targeting; therapy; upconversion; upconversion luminescence imaging; x-ray computed tomography imaging