title: Regulation of Intracellular Structural Tension by Talin in the Axon Growth and Regeneration.
abstract: Intracellular tension is the most important characteristic of neuron polarization as well as the growth and regeneration of axons, which can be generated by motor proteins and conducted along the cytoskeleton. To better understand this process, we created Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based tension probes that can be incorporated into microfilaments to provide a real-time measurement of forces in neuron cytoskeletons. We found that our probe could be used to assess the structural tension of neuron polarity. Nerve growth factor (NGF) upregulated structural forces, whereas the glial-scar inhibitors chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) and aggrecan weakened such forces. Notably, the tension across axons was distributed uniformly and remarkably stronger than that in the cell body in NGF-stimulated neurons. The mechanosensors talin/vinculin could antagonize the effect of glial-scar inhibitors via structural forces. However, E-cadherin was closely associated with glial-scar inhibitor-induced downregulation of structural forces. Talin/vinculin was involved in the negative regulation of E-cadherin transcription through the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. Collectively, this study clarified the mechanism underlying intracellular tension in the growth and regeneration of axons which, conversely, can be regulated by talin and E-cadherin.
authors: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, No. 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.
authors: Wang
authors: W
authors: Dingyu
authors: Physiology and Biophysics Department, Center for Single Molecule Studies, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
authors: Meng
authors: M
authors: Fanjie
authors: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, No. 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.
authors: Ding
authors: D
authors: Zhengzheng
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Mingde Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
authors: Huang
authors: H
authors: Baosheng
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, No. 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Chao
authors: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, No. 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.
authors: Pan
authors: P
authors: Yi
authors: Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
authors: Wu
authors: W
authors: Huiwen
authors: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China. guoj@njmu.edu.cn.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, No. 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China. guoj@njmu.edu.cn.
authors: Guo
authors: G
authors: Jun
authors: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.|Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
authors: Hu
authors: H
authors: Gang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000071437:Axon Guidance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000071446:Neuronal Outgrowth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D016608:Talin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D016608:Talin; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor
keywords: Axons growth and regeneration; E-cadherin; Förster resonance energy transfer; Mechanical forces; PC12; Talin