title: Evaporation-Induced Crumpling of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets in Aerosolized Droplets: Confinement Force Relationship.
abstract: A possible solution to solve the restacking issue of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets during large-scale production is to turn the two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets into three-dimensional (3D) crumpled balls that have excellent compressive properties but still maintain high free volumes. An aerosol-based process has been proven to be a rational method for this purpose, in which, the crumpling phenomenon, however, has hitherto remained unclear. Here we present a detailed understanding of the crumpling of GO nanosheets by a systematic investigation conducted in aerosolized droplets by means of in-line (e.g., scanning mobility particle sizer) and off-line (e.g., electron microscopy) measurements. Correlations between the confinement force and various parameters, such as evaporation rate and precursor concentration were established to derive a universally applicable equation. Both calculation and experimental results revealed that the evaporation rate plays an important role in controlling the crumpling process.
authors: Aerosol and Air Quality Research Laboratory, Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States.
authors: Wei-Ning
authors: WN
authors: Wang
authors: Aerosol and Air Quality Research Laboratory, Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States.
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Jiang
authors: Aerosol and Air Quality Research Laboratory, Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States.
authors: Pratim
authors: P
authors: Biswas
keywords: aerosol process; particle size distribution; scanning mobility particle sizer; self-avoiding sheets