title: Synthesis, characterisation, and catalytic evaluation of hierarchical faujasite zeolites: milestones, challenges, and future directions.
abstract: Faujasite (X, Y, and USY) zeolites represent one of the most widely-applied and abundant catalysts and sorbents in the chemical industry. In the last 5 years substantial progress was made in the synthesis, characterisation, and catalytic exploitation of hierarchically-structured variants of these zeolites. Hererin, we provide an overview of these contributions, highlighting the main advancements regarding the evaluation of the nature and functionality of introduced secondary porosity. The novelty, efficiency, versatility, and sustainability of the reported bottom-up and (predominately) top-down strategies are discussed. The crucial role of the relative stability of faujasites in aqueous media is highlighted. The interplay between the physico-chemical properties of the hierarchical zeolites and their use in petrochemical and biomass-related catalytic processes is assessed.
authors: Department M2S, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium. danny.verboekend@biw.kuleuven.be.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Verboekend
authors: Department M2S, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium. danny.verboekend@biw.kuleuven.be.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Nuttens
authors: Department M2S, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium. danny.verboekend@biw.kuleuven.be.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Locus
authors: Department M2S, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium. danny.verboekend@biw.kuleuven.be.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Van Aelst
authors: Delft Solids Solutions B.V., Molenweer 2 B, 2291 NR Wateringen, The Netherlands.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Verolme
authors: Delft Solids Solutions B.V., Molenweer 2 B, 2291 NR Wateringen, The Netherlands.
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Groen
authors: Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Pérez-Ramírez
authors: Department M2S, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium. danny.verboekend@biw.kuleuven.be.
authors: B F
authors: BF
authors: Sels