title: Impact of protein energy wasting status on survival among Afro-Caribbean hemodialysis patients: a 3-year prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We assessed the prognostic value of protein-energy wasting (PEW) on mortality in Afro-Caribbean MHD patients and analysed how diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and inflammation modified the predictive power of a severe wasting state.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 3-year prospective study was conducted in 216 patients from December 2011. We used four criteria from the nomenclature for PEW proposed by the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism in 2008: serum albumin 38 g/L, body mass index (BMI) ≤23 kg/m(2), serum creatinine ≤818 µmol/L and protein intake assessed by nPCR ≤0.8 g/kg/day. PEW status was categorized according the number of criteria. Cox regression analyses were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty deaths (18.5 %) occurred, 97.5 % with a CV cause. Deaths were distributed as follows: 7.4 % in normal nutritional status, 13.2 % in slight wasting (1 PEW criterion), 28 % in moderate wasting (2 criteria) and 50 % in severe wasting (3-4 criteria). Among the PEW markers, low serum albumin (HR 3.18; P = 0.001) and low BMI (HR 1.97; P = 0.034) were the most significant predictors of death. Among the PEW status categories, moderate wasting (HR 3.43; P = 0.021) and severe wasting (HR 6.59; P = 0.001) were significant predictors of death. Diabetes, CVD, and inflammation were all additives in predicting death in association with severe wasting with a strongest HR (7.76; P < 0.001) for diabetic patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The nomenclature for PEW predicts mortality in our Afro-Caribbean MHD patients and help to identify patients at risk of severe wasting to provide adequate nutritional support.
authors: Centre de dialyse AUDRA, Hôpital RICOU, Pointe-À-Pitre, Guadeloupe France ; Département de Santé Publique, Equipe de recherche Epidémiologie Clinique et Médecine ECM/LAMIA, EA 4540, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, 97159 Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe France.
authors: Lydia
authors: L
authors: Foucan
authors: Centre de dialyse AUDRA, Hôpital RICOU, Pointe-À-Pitre, Guadeloupe France ; Service de Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe France.
authors: Henri
authors: H
authors: Merault
authors: Département de Santé Publique, Equipe de recherche Epidémiologie Clinique et Médecine ECM/LAMIA, EA 4540, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, 97159 Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe France.
authors: Fritz-Line
authors: FL
authors: Velayoudom-Cephise
authors: Département de Santé Publique, Equipe de recherche Epidémiologie Clinique et Médecine ECM/LAMIA, EA 4540, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, 97159 Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe France.
authors: Laurent
authors: L
authors: Larifla
authors: Département de Santé Publique, Equipe de recherche Epidémiologie Clinique et Médecine ECM/LAMIA, EA 4540, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, 97159 Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe France.
authors: Cosmin
authors: C
authors: Alecu
authors: Centre de dialyse AUDRA, Hôpital RICOU, Pointe-À-Pitre, Guadeloupe France ; Service de Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe France.
authors: Jacques
authors: J
authors: Ducros
keywords: Afro-Caribbean patients; Body mass index; Hemodialysis; Mortality; Protein-energy wasting; Serum albumin