title: Neural correlates of reactive aggression in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid disruptive behaviour disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often linked with impulsive and aggressive behaviour, indexed by high comorbidity rates between ADHD and disruptive behaviour disorders (DBD). The present study aimed to investigate underlying neural activity of reactive aggression in children with ADHD and comorbid DBD using functional neuroimaging techniques (fMRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen boys with ADHD (age 9-14 years, 10 subjects with comorbid DBD) and 18 healthy controls were administered a modified fMRI-based version of the 'Point Subtraction Aggression Game' to elicit reactive aggressive behaviour. Trials consisted of an 'aggression phase' (punishment for a fictitious opponent) and an 'outcome phase' (presentation of the trial outcome).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the aggression phase, higher aggressive responses of control children were accompanied by higher activation of the ventral anterior cingulate cortex and the temporoparietal junction. Patients displayed inverted results. During the outcome phase, comparison between groups and conditions showed differential activation in the dorsal striatum and bilateral insular when subjects gained points. Losing points was accompanied by differential activation of regions belonging to the insula and the middle temporal sulcus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data support the hypothesis that deficient inhibitory control mechanisms are related to increased impulsive aggressive behaviour in young people with ADHD and comorbid DBD.
authors: Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.|Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Cognitive Neuroscience, Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany.|JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Jülich, Germany.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Bubenzer-Busch
authors: Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.|JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Jülich, Germany.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Herpertz-Dahlmann
authors: Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-8), Ethics in the Neurosciences, Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany.|Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Neuroimaging Lab, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Kuzmanovic
authors: Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.|JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Jülich, Germany.
authors: T J
authors: TJ
authors: Gaber
authors: Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.|JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Jülich, Germany.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Helmbold
authors: Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Medical Imaging Physics, Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany.|Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, iNANO, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: M G
authors: MG
authors: Ullisch
authors: Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.|Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Cognitive Neuroscience, Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany.|JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Jülich, Germany.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Baurmann
authors: Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.|Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology - Brain Network Modeling Group, Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany.
authors: S B
authors: SB
authors: Eickhoff
authors: Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Cognitive Neuroscience, Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany.|Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors: G R
authors: GR
authors: Fink
authors: Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.|Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Cognitive Neuroscience, Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany.|JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Jülich, Germany.|Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences & School of Pediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.|Specialised Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), Department of Health in Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
authors: F D
authors: FD
authors: Zepf
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000523:psychology*; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods
keywords: aggressive behaviour; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; disruptive behaviour disorders; fMRI; point subtraction aggression game