title: AMPK and autophagy in glucose/glycogen metabolism.
abstract: Glucose/glycogen metabolism is a primary metabolic pathway acting on a variety of cellular needs, such as proliferation, growth, and survival against stresses. The multiple regulatory mechanisms underlying a specific metabolic fate have been documented and explained the molecular basis of various pathophysiological conditions, including metabolic disorders and cancers. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been appreciated for many years as a central metabolic regulator to inhibit energy-consuming pathways as well as to activate the compensating energy-producing programs. In fact, glucose starvation is a potent physiological AMPK activating condition, in which AMPK triggers various subsequent metabolic events depending on cells or tissues. Of note, the recent studies show bidirectional interplay between AMPK and glycogen. A growing number of studies have proposed additional level of metabolic regulation by a lysosome-dependent catabolic program, autophagy. Autophagy is a critical degradative pathway not only for maintenance of cellular homeostasis to remove potentially dangerous constituents, such as protein aggregates and dysfunctional subcellular organelles, but also for adaptive responses to metabolic stress, such as nutrient starvation. Importantly, many lines of evidence indicate that autophagy is closely connected with nutrient signaling modules, including AMPK, to fine-tune the metabolic pathways in response to many different cellular cues. In this review, we introduce the studies demonstrating the role of AMPK and autophagy in glucose/glycogen metabolism. Also, we describe the recent advances on their contributions to the metabolic disorders.
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Research Center and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Joohun
authors: J
authors: Ha
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Electronic address: kuguan@ucsd.edu.
authors: Kun-Liang
authors: KL
authors: Guan
authors: Department of Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Tissue Regeneration, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jok011@khu.ac.kr.
authors: Joungmok
authors: J
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D006003:Glycogen; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D005947:Glucose
keywords: AMP-activated protein kinase; Autophagy; Cellular nutrient sensing pathways; Glucose/Glycogen metabolism