title: Relationships Between Imaging Assessments and Outcomes in Solitaire With the Intention for Thrombectomy as Primary Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Imaging findings can predict outcomes in patients with acute stroke. Relationships between imaging findings and clinical and imaging outcomes in patients randomized to intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator-alone versus tissue-type plasminogen activator plus endovascular therapy (Solitaire device) in the Solitaire With the Intention for Thrombectomy as Primary Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke (SWIFT PRIME) study were assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated associations between imaging assessments (baseline mismatch profiles/ischemic core volumes and successful reperfusion) with imaging outcomes (27-hour infarct volume/growth) and clinical outcomes (modified Rankin Scale scores at 90 days). Imaging variables that predict favorable clinical outcomes were assessed in both univariate and multivariate models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and ninety-five patients were included. Successful reperfusion and infarct volume (assessed at 27 hours) were powerful independent predictors of favorable clinical outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score of 0-2 at 90 days). Patients with the target mismatch profile at baseline had a higher rate of reperfusion, lesser infarct growth, smaller infarct volumes, and better clinical outcomes in the Solitaire plus tissue-type plasminogen activator (intervention) group than those in the tissue-type plasminogen activator-alone (control) group. Patients with larger mismatch volumes at baseline had a trend toward better treatment response in the intervention group than patients who had smaller (<50 mL) mismatch volumes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients who achieved reperfusion had substantially more favorable clinical and imaging outcomes in both the intervention and the control groups. Infarct volume at 27 hours strongly correlated with clinical outcome at 90 days in both treatment groups. SWIFT PRIME patients with the target mismatch profile had a highly favorable response to endovascular therapy on both clinical and imaging outcomes. Both reperfusion and infarct volumes at 27 hours were powerful and independent predictors of 90-day clinical outcomes.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01657461.
authors: From the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (G.W.A.); Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.G.); Division of Interventional Neuroradiology (R.J.) and Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center, David Geffen School of Medicine (J.L.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, Montpellier, France (A.B.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.-C.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY (E.I.L.); Division of Neuroradiology and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical Imaging and Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.M.P.); Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France (C.C.); and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (D.R.Y.). albers@stanford.edu.
authors: Gregory W
authors: GW
authors: Albers
authors: From the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (G.W.A.); Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.G.); Division of Interventional Neuroradiology (R.J.) and Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center, David Geffen School of Medicine (J.L.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, Montpellier, France (A.B.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.-C.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY (E.I.L.); Division of Neuroradiology and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical Imaging and Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.M.P.); Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France (C.C.); and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (D.R.Y.).
authors: Mayank
authors: M
authors: Goyal
authors: From the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (G.W.A.); Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.G.); Division of Interventional Neuroradiology (R.J.) and Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center, David Geffen School of Medicine (J.L.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, Montpellier, France (A.B.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.-C.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY (E.I.L.); Division of Neuroradiology and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical Imaging and Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.M.P.); Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France (C.C.); and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (D.R.Y.).
authors: Reza
authors: R
authors: Jahan
authors: From the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (G.W.A.); Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.G.); Division of Interventional Neuroradiology (R.J.) and Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center, David Geffen School of Medicine (J.L.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, Montpellier, France (A.B.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.-C.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY (E.I.L.); Division of Neuroradiology and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical Imaging and Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.M.P.); Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France (C.C.); and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (D.R.Y.).
authors: Alain
authors: A
authors: Bonafe
authors: From the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (G.W.A.); Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.G.); Division of Interventional Neuroradiology (R.J.) and Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center, David Geffen School of Medicine (J.L.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, Montpellier, France (A.B.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.-C.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY (E.I.L.); Division of Neuroradiology and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical Imaging and Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.M.P.); Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France (C.C.); and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (D.R.Y.).
authors: Hans-Christoph
authors: HC
authors: Diener
authors: From the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (G.W.A.); Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.G.); Division of Interventional Neuroradiology (R.J.) and Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center, David Geffen School of Medicine (J.L.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, Montpellier, France (A.B.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.-C.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY (E.I.L.); Division of Neuroradiology and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical Imaging and Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.M.P.); Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France (C.C.); and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (D.R.Y.).
authors: Elad I
authors: EI
authors: Levy
authors: From the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (G.W.A.); Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.G.); Division of Interventional Neuroradiology (R.J.) and Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center, David Geffen School of Medicine (J.L.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, Montpellier, France (A.B.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.-C.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY (E.I.L.); Division of Neuroradiology and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical Imaging and Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.M.P.); Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France (C.C.); and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (D.R.Y.).
authors: Vitor M
authors: VM
authors: Pereira
authors: From the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (G.W.A.); Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.G.); Division of Interventional Neuroradiology (R.J.) and Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center, David Geffen School of Medicine (J.L.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, Montpellier, France (A.B.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.-C.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY (E.I.L.); Division of Neuroradiology and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical Imaging and Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.M.P.); Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France (C.C.); and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (D.R.Y.).
authors: Christophe
authors: C
authors: Cognard
authors: From the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (G.W.A.); Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.G.); Division of Interventional Neuroradiology (R.J.) and Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center, David Geffen School of Medicine (J.L.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, Montpellier, France (A.B.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.-C.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY (E.I.L.); Division of Neuroradiology and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical Imaging and Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.M.P.); Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France (C.C.); and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (D.R.Y.).
authors: Dileep R
authors: DR
authors: Yavagal
authors: From the Stanford Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (G.W.A.); Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.G.); Division of Interventional Neuroradiology (R.J.) and Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center, David Geffen School of Medicine (J.L.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, Montpellier, France (A.B.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.-C.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY (E.I.L.); Division of Neuroradiology and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical Imaging and Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.M.P.); Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France (C.C.); and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (D.R.Y.).
authors: Jeffrey L
authors: JL
authors: Saver
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods; D020521:Stroke / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D017131:Thrombectomy; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator
keywords: perfusion imaging; reperfusion; stroke; thrombectomy; tissue-type plasminogen activator