title: Rift Valley fever virus: A review of diagnosis and vaccination, and implications for emergence in Europe.
abstract: Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne virus, and is the causative agent of Rift Valley fever (RVF), a zoonotic disease characterised by an increased incidence of abortion or foetal malformation in ruminants. Infection in humans can also lead to clinical manifestations that in severe cases cause encephalitis or haemorrhagic fever. The virus is endemic throughout much of the African continent. However, the emergence of RVFV in the Middle East, northern Egypt and the Comoros Archipelago has highlighted that the geographical range of RVFV may be increasing, and has led to the concern that an incursion into Europe may occur. At present, there is a limited range of veterinary vaccines available for use in endemic areas, and there is no licensed human vaccine. In this review, the methods available for diagnosis of RVFV infection, the current status of vaccine development and possible implications for RVFV emergence in Europe, are discussed.
authors: Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw KT15 3NB, UK. Electronic address: Karen.Mansfield@apha.gsi.gov.uk.
authors: Karen L
authors: KL
authors: Mansfield
authors: Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw KT15 3NB, UK.
authors: Ashley C
authors: AC
authors: Banyard
authors: Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw KT15 3NB, UK; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK.
authors: Lorraine
authors: L
authors: McElhinney
authors: Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw KT15 3NB, UK.
authors: Nicholas
authors: N
authors: Johnson
authors: School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
authors: Daniel L
authors: DL
authors: Horton
authors: Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw KT15 3NB, UK.
authors: Luis M
authors: LM
authors: Hernández-Triana
authors: Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw KT15 3NB, UK; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK; Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK.
authors: Anthony R
authors: AR
authors: Fooks
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D009033:Culicidae / Q000821:virology; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans; D012295:Rift Valley Fever / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012296:Rift Valley fever virus; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: Rift valley fever; Vaccine; Virus