title: Isolation of oxalotrophic bacteria associated with Varroa destructor mites.
abstract: Bacteria associated with varroa mites were cultivated and genotyped by 16S RNA. Under our experimental conditions, the cultivable bacteria were few in number, and most of them proved to be fastidious to grow. Cultivation with seven different media under O2 /CO2 conditions and selection for colony morphology yielded a panel of species belonging to 13 different genera grouped in two different phyla, proteobacteria and actinobacteria. This study identified one species of actinobacteria that is a known commensal of the honey bee. Some isolates are oxalotrophic, a finding that may carry ramifications into the use of oxalic acid to control the number of phoretic mites in the managed colonies of honey bees.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxalic acid, legally or brevi manu, is widely used to control phoretic Varroa destructor mites, a major drive of current honey bees' colony losses. Unsubstantiated by sanctioned research are rumours that in certain instances oxalic acid is losing efficacy, forcing beekeepers to increase the frequency of treatments. This investigation fathoms the hypothesis that V. destructor associates with bacteria capable of degrading oxalic acid. The data show that indeed oxalotrophy, a rare trait among bacteria, is common in bacteria that we isolated from V. destructor mites. This finding may have ramifications in the use of oxalic acid as a control agent.
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases & Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Maddaloni
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases & Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors: D W
authors: DW
authors: Pascual
mesh_terms: D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000469:parasitology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019815:Oxalic Acid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020560:Proteobacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D057077:Varroidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D019815:Oxalic Acid
keywords: Bifidobacterium asteroides; Burkholderia; Varroa destructor; colony collapse disorder; commensals; oxalic acid; oxalotrophic bacteria