title: Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation in nanomedicine: small light strides against bad bugs.
abstract: The relentless advance of drug-resistance among pathogenic microbes, mandates a search for alternative approaches that will not cause resistance. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) involves the combination of nontoxic dyes with harmless visible light to produce reactive oxygen species that can selectively kill microbial cells. PDI can be broad-spectrum in nature and can also destroy microbial cells in biofilms. Many different kinds of nanoparticles have been studied to potentiate antimicrobial PDI by improving photosensitizer solubility, photochemistry, photophysics and targeting. This review will cover photocatalytic disinfection with titania nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterials (fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene), liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles. Natural polymers (chitosan and cellulose), gold and silver plasmonic nanoparticles, mesoporous silica, magnetic and upconverting nanoparticles have all been used for PDI.
authors: Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.|Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, BAR414, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.|Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors: Rui
authors: R
authors: Yin
authors: Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, BAR414, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.|Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors: Tanupriya
authors: T
authors: Agrawal
authors: Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, BAR414, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.|Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors: Usman
authors: U
authors: Khan
authors: Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, BAR414, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.|Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors: Gaurav K
authors: GK
authors: Gupta
authors: Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461.
authors: Vikrant
authors: V
authors: Rai
authors: Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, BAR414, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.|Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors: Ying-Ying
authors: YY
authors: Huang
authors: Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, BAR414, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.|Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.|Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors: Michael R
authors: MR
authors: Hamblin
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002384:Catalysis; D008027:Light; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D050997:Nanomedicine; D010778:Photochemotherapy
keywords: bacteria; carbon nanomaterials; fungi; liposomes; photodynamic therapy; photoinactivation; photosensitizer; titania photocatalysis; upconversion