title: Cortical brain atrophy and intra-individual variability in neuropsychological test performance in HIV disease.
abstract: To characterize the relationship between dispersion-based intra-individual variability (IIVd) in neuropsychological test performance and brain volume among HIV seropositive and seronegative men and to determine the effects of cardiovascular risk and HIV infection on this relationship. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was used to acquire high-resolution neuroanatomic data from 147 men age 50 and over, including 80 HIV seropositive (HIV+) and 67 seronegative controls (HIV-) in this cross-sectional cohort study. Voxel Based Morphometry was used to derive volumetric measurements at the level of the individual voxel. These brain structure maps were analyzed using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM2). IIVd was measured by computing intra-individual standard deviations (ISD's) from the standardized performance scores of five neuropsychological tests: Wechsler Memory Scale-III Visual Reproduction I and II, Logical Memory I and II, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III Letter Number Sequencing. Total gray matter (GM) volume was inversely associated with IIVd. Among all subjects, IIVd -related GM atrophy was observed primarily in: 1) the inferior frontal gyrus bilaterally, the left inferior temporal gyrus extending to the supramarginal gyrus, spanning the lateral sulcus; 2) the right superior parietal lobule and intraparietal sulcus; and, 3) dorsal/ventral regions of the posterior section of the transverse temporal gyrus. HIV status, biological, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) variables were not linked to IIVd -related GM atrophy. IIVd in neuropsychological test performance may be a sensitive marker of cortical integrity in older adults, regardless of HIV infection status or CVD risk factors, and degree of intra-individual variability links with volume loss in specific cortical regions; independent of mean-level performance on neuropsychological tests.
authors: Semel Institute for Neurosciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. lindsay.hines@sanfordhealth.org.|Sanford Brain and Spine Center, Sanford Health, Fargo, ND, USA. lindsay.hines@sanfordhealth.org.|Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, Fargo, ND, USA. lindsay.hines@sanfordhealth.org.
authors: Lindsay J
authors: LJ
authors: Hines
authors: Semel Institute for Neurosciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: Eric N
authors: EN
authors: Miller
authors: Semel Institute for Neurosciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: Charles H
authors: CH
authors: Hinkin
authors: The Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: Jeffery R
authors: JR
authors: Alger
authors: Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Barker
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.
authors: Karl
authors: K
authors: Goodkin
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors: Eileen M
authors: EM
authors: Martin
authors: Department of Psychology, Spalding University, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors: Victoria
authors: V
authors: Maruca
authors: Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
authors: Ann
authors: A
authors: Ragin
authors: Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Ned
authors: N
authors: Sacktor
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Joanne
authors: J
authors: Sanders
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Ola
authors: O
authors: Selnes
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.|Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.|Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors: James T
authors: JT
authors: Becker
mesh_terms: D001284:Atrophy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009929:Organ Size; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D066127:White Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
keywords: Cognition; HIV; Imaging; Intra-individual variability; Voxel-based morphometry