title: Strategies for combining immunotherapy with radiation for anticancer therapy.
abstract: Radiation therapy controls local disease but also prompts the release of tumor-associated antigens and stress-related danger signals that primes T cells to promote tumor regression at unirradiated sites known as the abscopal effect. This may be enhanced by blocking inhibitory immune signals that modulate immune activity through a variety of mechanisms. Indeed, abscopal responses have occurred in patients with lung cancer or melanoma when given anti-CTLA4 antibody and radiation. Other approaches involve expanding and reinfusing T or NK cells or engineered T cells to express receptors that target specific tumor peptides. These approaches may be useful for immunocompromised patients receiving radiation. Preclinical and clinical studies are testing both immune checkpoint-based strategies and adoptive immunotherapies with radiation.
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors: Steven N
authors: SN
authors: Seyedin
authors: Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA.
authors: Jonathan E
authors: JE
authors: Schoenhals
authors: Faculty, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Dean A
authors: DA
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA.
authors: Maria A
authors: MA
authors: Cortez
authors: Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA.
authors: Xiaohong
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA.
authors: Sharareh
authors: S
authors: Niknam
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors: Chad
authors: C
authors: Tang
authors: Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: David S
authors: DS
authors: Hong
authors: Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Aung
authors: A
authors: Naing
authors: Department of Immunology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Padmanee
authors: P
authors: Sharma
authors: Department of Immunology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: James P
authors: JP
authors: Allison
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors: Joe Y
authors: JY
authors: Chang
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors: Daniel R
authors: DR
authors: Gomez
authors: Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: John V
authors: JV
authors: Heymach
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors: Ritsuko U
authors: RU
authors: Komaki
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Laurence J
authors: LJ
authors: Cooper
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors: James W
authors: JW
authors: Welsh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology / Q000637:transplantation*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D016499:Radioimmunotherapy; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000637:transplantation*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
keywords: CAR T cells; OX40; abscopal effect; immune checkpoints; immunotherapy; ipilimumab; lung cancer; melanoma; nivolumab; radiation