title: Utilizing the concept of geste antagoniste for conservative management of oro-mandibular tardive dyskinesia: a case report and mini-review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This case report highlights the implication of the concept of "geste antagoniste" in conservatively managing oromotor dysfunction and its complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 66-year-old female with a 1-year history of tardive dyskinesia (TD) was referred to the Craniofacial Pain Department (CPC) at Tufts University School of Dental Medicine for management of sore labial/lingual mucosa secondary to excessive daytime involuntary activity of the tongue, lips, and mandible. A detailed head/neck examination revealed excessive involuntary movements of the tongue, lips, and mandible with generalized tenderness of her masticatory muscles. No TMJ or bone pathology was evident in a panoramic radiograph.
  
  
  METHODS
  A lower daytime appliance with bilateral posterior contacts was fabricated to protect her oral mucosa. On reevaluation, excessive movement of the jaw/tongue was significantly reduced with the presence of the appliance in her mouth. Face/neck muscle tenderness was also greatly reduced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of oral appliance therapy in TD patients plays an important role in protecting the teeth/oral mucosa. The subsequent inhibition of excessive motor activity is proposed and should be further investigated.
authors: a Department of Maxillofacial Pathology, Oral Medicine and Orofacial Pain , Tufts University School of Dental Medicine , Boston , MA , USA.|b Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry , King AbdulAziz University , Saudi Arabia.
authors: Arwa M
authors: AM
authors: Farag
authors: a Department of Maxillofacial Pathology, Oral Medicine and Orofacial Pain , Tufts University School of Dental Medicine , Boston , MA , USA.
authors: Robert W
authors: RW
authors: Mier
authors: a Department of Maxillofacial Pathology, Oral Medicine and Orofacial Pain , Tufts University School of Dental Medicine , Boston , MA , USA.
authors: Leopoldo P
authors: LP
authors: Correa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002012:Bruxism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D009968:Orthodontic Appliances, Removable; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D000071057:Tardive Dyskinesia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Antipsychotic medications; Geste antagoniste; Motor dysfunction; Oral appliance; Oro-mandibular movement; Orofacial pain; Tardive dyskinesia