title: Hallux Rigidus: Relevant Anatomy and Pathophysiology.
abstract: Hallux rigidus is a painful condition of the great toe characterized by restriction of the metatarsophalangeal joint arc of motion and progressive osteophyte formation. Precise cause of hallux rigidus remains under debate. Anatomic variations and historical, clinical, and radiographic findings have been implicated in the development and progression of hallux rigidus. Radiologic findings associated with hallux rigidus include metatarsal head osteochondral defects, altered metatarsal head morphology, and an elevated hallux interphalangeus angle measure. Associated historical findings include a positive family history and history of trauma to the joint. An understanding of relevant anatomy and pathophysiology is essential during the approach to hallux rigidus treatment.
authors: Department of Orthopedics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 450 Broadway Street, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA.
authors: Douglas E
authors: DE
authors: Lucas
authors: Department of Orthopedics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 450 Broadway Street, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA. Electronic address: kjhunt@stanford.edu.
authors: Kenneth J
authors: KJ
authors: Hunt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D020859:Hallux Rigidus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008683:Metatarsophalangeal Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: Arthritis; Bunion; Forefoot pain; Great toe; Hallux valgus; Metatarsal head; Metatarsus primus elevatus; Osteochondral defect