title: Tobacco Use and Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke among Urban Residents: A Community-Based Investigation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In 2005, China acceded to the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC), the foundation for the global fight against tobacco. Certain cities in China have established local regulations to control tobacco use ahead of national policy; however, without the enforcement of statutory law, some of these regulations are merely lip service. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of city policy on smoking prevalence and on second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure status among non-smokers in Changchun City.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey covering a multiple-stage, representative sample of the urban population aged ≥15 years was conducted between 1 Dec 2013 and 31 Jan 2014. The WHO and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed the questionnaires used, which included demographic characteristics, smoking behaviors and SHS exposure status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall cigarette smoking prevalence was 23.5%; daily cigarette smoking prevalence was 21.2%. Smoking prevalence and cigarettes consumed per day was higher among men (p < 0.05) and those aged 45-64 years (p < 0.05). Among current smokers, 8.1% planned to quit within 12 months; 53.4% had no intention of quitting. Overall SHS exposure prevalence was 41.9% (workplace) and 34.1% (at home) over the previous 30 days. The weighted workplace SHS exposure prevalence increased with age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high proportion of smokers with no intention of quitting and the high level of SHS exposure may constitute one of the most significant barriers to successful smoking cessation in the city. A continued drive to promote full implementation of the WHO FCTC is still needed.
authors: Changchun Health Education Centre, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China. arui1103@126.com.
authors: Zhaorui
authors: Z
authors: Xu
authors: Editorial Office of Journal of Jilin University Medicine Edition, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China. hanhz@jlu.edu.cn.
authors: Hongzhi
authors: H
authors: Han
authors: Changchun Institute of Health Supervision, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China. zhuangcheng@hotmail.com.
authors: Cheng
authors: C
authors: Zhuang
authors: Changchun Health Education Centre, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China. zcy20150701@sina.com.
authors: Chunyu
authors: C
authors: Zhang
authors: Changchun Health Education Centre, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China. zhaoping19@163.com.
authors: Ping
authors: P
authors: Zhao
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Jilin 130021, China. yaoyan@jlu.edu.cn.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Yao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
keywords: second-hand smoke; tobacco