title: Molecular Detection of Leishmania in Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) Collected in the Caititu Indigenous Reserve of the Municipality of Lábrea, State of Amazonas, Brazil.
abstract: Phlebotominae sand flies are of medical importance because they are vectors of human pathogens, such as protozoa of the genus Leishmania Ross, etiological agent of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). In Lábrea, a municipality in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, ACL is primarily associated with subsistence activities, such as collection and extraction of forest products, undertaken by both indigenous and nonindigenous people. Data on ACL in indigenous populations are scarce, such that there is little information on the identity of the etiologic agent(s), reservoir host(s) and insect vector(s). The aim of this work was to study the sand fly fauna collected during an 8-d surveillance of different habitats in the Indigenous Reserve Caititu, Lábrea. In total, 1,267 sand flies were collected in different habitats for eight consecutive days, of which 819 (64.6%) were females and 448 (35.4%) males, from 10 genera and 32 species. The most abundant genera were Psychodopygus (34.3%), Trichophoromyia (22.9%), and Nyssomyia (15.3%). The most abundant species were Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis (Mangabeira) (n = 235, 18.5%), Psychodopygus davisi (Root) (n = 228, 18.0%) and Nyssomyia antunesi (Coutinho) (n = 135, 10.7%). Direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products demonstrated the presence of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in the following species of sand flies: Evandromyia apurinan (Shimabukuro, Silveira, & Silva), Nyssomyia umbratilis (Ward & Fraiha), Nyssomyia yuilli yuilli (Young & Porter), Ps. davisi, Sciopemyia servulolimai (Damasceno & Causey), and Th. ubiquitalis. The presence of natural infection by Leishmania detected in the sand fly species investigated in this study suggests their possible role in the transmission cycle of ACL in the studied area.
authors: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde, Sociedade e Endemias na Amazônia (Universidade Federal do Amazonas/Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane/Universidade Federal do Pará), Rua Terezina 476, Adrianópolis, 69057-070 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. tullioromao@gmail.com.
authors: T R R
authors: TR
authors: Silva
authors: Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz/MG, Centro de Referência Nacional e Internacional para Flebotomíneos, Avenida Augusto de Lima 1715, Barro Preto, 31190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors: M D G
authors: MD
authors: Assis
authors: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde, Sociedade e Endemias na Amazônia (Universidade Federal do Amazonas/Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane/Universidade Federal do Pará), Rua Terezina 476, Adrianópolis, 69057-070 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz/MG, Centro de Referência Nacional e Internacional para Flebotomíneos, Avenida Augusto de Lima 1715, Barro Preto, 31190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors: M P
authors: MP
authors: Freire
authors: Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz/MG, Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Avenida Augusto de Lima 1715, Barro Preto, 31190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors: F D
authors: FD
authors: Rego
authors: Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz/MG, Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Avenida Augusto de Lima 1715, Barro Preto, 31190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors: C M F
authors: CM
authors: Gontijo
authors: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde, Sociedade e Endemias na Amazônia (Universidade Federal do Amazonas/Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane/Universidade Federal do Pará), Rua Terezina 476, Adrianópolis, 69057-070 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz/MG, Centro de Referência Nacional e Internacional para Flebotomíneos, Avenida Augusto de Lima 1715, Barro Preto, 31190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz/MG, Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Avenida Augusto de Lima 1715, Barro Preto, 31190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors: P H F
authors: PH
authors: Shimabukuro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D005260:Female; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000469:parasitology*; D007891:Leishmania / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000635:transmission*; D008297:Male; D011576:Psychodidae / Q000469:parasitology*
keywords: Amazon; cutaneous leishmaniasis; indigenous people; sand fly