title: Dual-pulse nonlinear photoacoustic technique: a practical investigation.
abstract: The dual-pulse nonlinear photoacoustic technique is a recently developed technology based on temperature dependence of the Grüneisen parameter and involves consecutive excitations of biological tissue using two laser pulses with a short time delay. Here we review the principle of the technique and give a discussion about its technical aspects, including selection and combination of excitation laser wavelengths, determination of laser fluence, estimation of thermal relaxation function and probability of photoablation or cavitation. Comparisons between the dual-pulse technique and conventional photoacoustics as well as thermal photoacoustics are also presented. These investigations are supported by experimental results and will give a practical reference and guide for further developments of the technique.
authors: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors: Chao
authors: C
authors: Tian
authors: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors: Zhixing
authors: Z
authors: Xie
authors: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors: Mario L
authors: ML
authors: Fabiilli
authors: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA ; College of Physical Science and Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China.
authors: Shengchun
authors: S
authors: Liu
authors: School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
authors: Cheng
authors: C
authors: Wang
authors: Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors: Qian
authors: Q
authors: Cheng
authors: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors: Xueding
authors: X
authors: Wang
keywords: (170.3880) Medical and biological imaging; (170.5120) Photoacoustic imaging; (170.7170) Ultrasound