title: The Role of Interface on the Impact Characteristics and Cranial Fracture Patterns Using the Immature Porcine Head Model.
abstract: The role of impact interface characteristics on the biomechanics and patterns of cranial fracture has not been investigated in detail, and especially for the pediatric head. In this study, infant porcine skulls aged 2-19 days were dropped with an energy to cause fracturing onto four surfaces varying in stiffness from a rigid plate to one covered with plush carpeting. Results showed that heads dropped onto the rigid surface produced more extensive cranial fracturing than onto carpeted surfaces. Contact forces generated at fracture initiation and the overall maximum contact forces were generally lower for the rigid than carpeted impacts. While the degree of cranial fracturing from impacts onto the heavy carpeted surface was comparable to that of lower-energy rigid surface impacts, there were fewer diastatic fractures. This suggests that characteristics of the cranial fracture patterns may be used to differentiate energy level from impact interface in pediatric forensic cases.
authors: Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratories, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
authors: Trevor S
authors: TS
authors: Deland
authors: Department of Anthropology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
authors: Emily
authors: E
authors: Niespodziewanski
authors: Department of Anthropology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
authors: Todd W
authors: TW
authors: Fenton
authors: Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratories, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
authors: Roger C
authors: RC
authors: Haut
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006257:Head; D006801:Humans; D023421:Models, Animal; D012886:Skull; D012887:Skull Fractures; D013552:Swine
keywords: forensic science; geographic information system; infant; interface effect; porcine; skull fracture