title: Conceptualizing psychological processes in response to globalization: Components, antecedents, and consequences of global orientations.
abstract: The influences of globalization have permeated various aspects of life in contemporary society, from technical innovations, economic development, and lifestyles, to communication patterns. The present research proposed a construct termed global orientation to denote individual differences in the psychological processes of acculturating to the globalizing world. It encompasses multicultural acquisition as a proactive response and ethnic protection as a defensive response to globalization. Ten studies examined the applicability of global orientations among majority and minority groups, including immigrants and sojourners, in multicultural and relatively monocultural contexts, and across Eastern and Western cultures. Multicultural acquisition is positively correlated with both independent and interdependent self-construals, bilingual proficiency and usage, and dual cultural identifications. Multicultural acquisition is promotion-focused, while ethnic protection is prevention-focused and related to acculturative stress. Global orientations affect individuating and modest behavior over and above multicultural ideology, predict overlap with outgroups over and above political orientation, and predict psychological adaptation, sociocultural competence, tolerance, and attitudes toward ethnocultural groups over and above acculturation expectations/strategies. Global orientations also predict English and Chinese oral presentation performance in multilevel analyses and the frequency and pleasantness of intercultural contact in cross-lagged panel models. We discuss how the psychological study of global orientations contributes to theory and research on acculturation, cultural identity, and intergroup relations.
authors: Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
authors: Sylvia Xiaohua
authors: SX
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Psychology, Iowa State University.
authors: Ben C P
authors: BCP
authors: Lam
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge.
authors: Bryant P H
authors: BPH
authors: Hui
authors: Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
authors: Jacky C K
authors: JCK
authors: Ng
authors: Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
authors: Winnie W S
authors: WWS
authors: Mak
authors: School of Hospitality and Tourism Management, University of Surrey.
authors: Yanjun
authors: 0000-0003-1782-1027
authors: Y
authors: Guan
authors: Department of Psychological Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education.
authors: Emma E
authors: 0000-0002-9417-9106
authors: EE
authors: Buchtel
authors: Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
authors: Willie C S
authors: WCS
authors: Tang
authors: Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
authors: Victor C Y
authors: VCY
authors: Lau
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation; D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude / Q000208:ethnology*; D001955:British Columbia / Q000208:ethnology; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D008297:Male; D012933:Social Identification; D055815:Young Adult