title: Microfluidic Single-Cell Analysis of Transplanted Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes After Acute Myocardial Infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are attractive candidates for therapeutic use, with the potential to replace deficient cells and to improve functional recovery in injury or disease settings. Here, we test the hypothesis that human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) can secrete cytokines as a molecular basis to attenuate adverse cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Human iPSCs were generated from skin fibroblasts and differentiated in vitro with a small molecule-based protocol. Troponin(+) iPSC-CMs were confirmed by immunohistochemistry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and electrophysiological measurements. Afterward, 2×10(6) iPSC-CMs derived from a cell line transduced with a vector expressing firefly luciferase and green fluorescent protein were transplanted into adult NOD/SCID mice with acute left anterior descending artery ligation. Control animals received PBS injection. Bioluminescence imaging showed limited engraftment on transplantation into ischemic myocardium. However, magnetic resonance imaging of animals transplanted with iPSC-CMs showed significant functional improvement and attenuated cardiac remodeling compared with PBS-treated control animals. To understand the underlying molecular mechanism, microfluidic single-cell profiling of harvested iPSC-CMs, laser capture microdissection of host myocardium, and in vitro ischemia stimulation were used to demonstrate that the iPSC-CMs could release significant levels of proangiogenic and antiapoptotic factors in the ischemic microenvironment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transplantation of human iPSC-CMs into an acute mouse myocardial infarction model can improve left ventricular function and attenuate cardiac remodeling. Because of limited engraftment, most of the effects are possibly explained by paracrine activity of these cells.
authors: Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.|Depts of Medicine and Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.|Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
authors: Sang-Ging
authors: SG
authors: Ong
authors: Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.|Depts of Medicine and Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.|Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Medical Department I, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.
authors: Bruno C
authors: BC
authors: Huber
authors: Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.|Depts of Medicine and Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
authors: Won Hee
authors: WH
authors: Lee
authors: Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.|Depts of Medicine and Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
authors: Kazuki
authors: K
authors: Kodo
authors: Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.|Depts of Medicine and Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
authors: Antje D
authors: AD
authors: Ebert
authors: Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.|Depts of Medicine and Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Ma
authors: Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.|Depts of Medicine and Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
authors: Patricia K
authors: PK
authors: Nguyen
authors: Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.|Depts of Medicine and Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
authors: Sebastian
authors: S
authors: Diecke
authors: Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.|Depts of Medicine and Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
authors: Wen-Yi
authors: WY
authors: Chen
authors: Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.|Depts of Medicine and Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.|Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
authors: Joseph C
authors: JC
authors: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology* / Q000637:transplantation; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D016513:Mice, SCID; D044085:Microfluidics / Q000379:methods*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000502:physiology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D059010:Single-Cell Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation
keywords: cell transplantation; molecular imaging; myocardial infarction; myocytes, cardiac; paracrine communication; stem cells