title: Are we really at the dawn of understanding sporadic pediatric thyroid carcinoma?
abstract: Data from the National Cancer Institute and from the literature have disclosed an increasing incidence of thyroid cancer in children, adolescents and adults. Although children and adolescents with thyroid cancer tend to present with more advanced disease than adults, their overall survival rate is excellent; however, there is no clear explanation for the differences observed in the clinicopathological outcomes in these age groups. There has been an ongoing debate regarding whether the clinicopathological differences may be due to the existence of distinct genetic alterations. Efforts have been made to identify these acquired genetic abnormalities that will determine the tumor's biological behavior and ultimately allow molecular prognostication. However, most of the studies have been performed in radiation-exposed pediatric thyroid carcinoma. Therefore, our understanding of the role of these driver mutations in sporadic pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer development is far from complete, and additionally, there is a strong need for studies in both children and adolescents. The aim of this review is to present an extensive literature review with emphasis on the molecular differences between pediatric sporadic and radiation-exposed differentiated thyroid carcinomas and adult population.
authors: Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors LaboratoryDivision of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Pedro de Toledo 669, 11 andar, 04039-032, São Paulo, SP, BrazilDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, Dr Cesário Mota Jr, 112, 01221-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Maria Isabel C Vieira
authors: MI
authors: Cordioli
authors: Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors LaboratoryDivision of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Pedro de Toledo 669, 11 andar, 04039-032, São Paulo, SP, BrazilDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, Dr Cesário Mota Jr, 112, 01221-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Lais
authors: L
authors: Moraes
authors: Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors LaboratoryDivision of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Pedro de Toledo 669, 11 andar, 04039-032, São Paulo, SP, BrazilDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, Dr Cesário Mota Jr, 112, 01221-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Adriano Namo
authors: AN
authors: Cury
authors: Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors LaboratoryDivision of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Pedro de Toledo 669, 11 andar, 04039-032, São Paulo, SP, BrazilDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, Dr Cesário Mota Jr, 112, 01221-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil j.cerutti@unifesp.br.
authors: Janete M
authors: JM
authors: Cerutti
mesh_terms: D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D017668:Age of Onset; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004190:Disasters; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D052138:Genes, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000209:etiology; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / Q000235:genetics; D017354:Point Mutation; D018788:Radioactive Hazard Release; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D017678:Sex Distribution; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D027981:Symporters / Q000235:genetics; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D013965:Thyroidectomy; D055815:Young Adult; D000099209:Sodium-Iodide Symporters
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; D027981:Symporters; D000099209:Sodium-Iodide Symporters
keywords: BRAF; ETV6-NTRK3; RAS; RET/PTC; radiation-exposed papillary thyroid carcinomas; sporadic pediatric papillary thyroid carcinomas