title: Paper-Based Textbooks with Audio Support for Print-Disabled Students.
abstract: Utilizing invisible 2-dimensional codes and digital audio players with a 2-dimensional code scanner, we developed paper-based textbooks with audio support for students with print disabilities, called "multimodal textbooks." Multimodal textbooks can be read with the combination of the two modes: "reading printed text" and "listening to the speech of the text from a digital audio player with a 2-dimensional code scanner." Since multimodal textbooks look the same as regular textbooks and the price of a digital audio player is reasonable (about 30 euro), we think multimodal textbooks are suitable for students with print disabilities in ordinary classrooms.
authors: Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors: Akio
authors: A
authors: Fujiyoshi
authors: Universal Design Laboratory for Testing and Education, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Akiko
authors: A
authors: Ohsawa
authors: Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors: Takuya
authors: T
authors: Takaira
authors: Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors: Yoshiaki
authors: Y
authors: Tani
authors: National Center for University Entrance Examinations, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Mamoru
authors: M
authors: Fujiyoshi
authors: Dai-ni Enzan Elementary School, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Yuko
authors: Y
authors: Ota
mesh_terms: D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000193:education*; D018961:Educational Technology / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D013334:Students; D013782:Textbooks as Topic