title: Short-term effects on antioxidant enzymes and long-term genotoxic and carcinogenic potential of CuO nanoparticles compared to bulk CuO and ionic copper in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis.
abstract: The aim of this work was to study short-term effects on antioxidant enzyme activities and long-term genotoxic and carcinogenic potential of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) in comparison to bulk CuO and ionic copper in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis after 21 days exposure to 10 μg Cu L(-1). Then, mussels were kept for up to 122 days in clean water. Cu accumulation depended on the form of the metal and on the exposure time. CuO NPs were localized in lysosomes of digestive cells, as confirmed by TEM and X ray microanalysis. CuO NPs, bulk CuO and ionic copper produced different effects on antioxidant enzyme activities in digestive glands, overall increasing antioxidant activities. CuO NPs significantly induced catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. Fewer effects were observed in gills. Micronuclei frequency increased significantly in mussels exposed to CuO NPs and one organism treated with CuO NPs showed disseminated neoplasia. However, transcription levels of cancer-related genes did not vary significantly. Thus, short-term exposure to CuO NPs provoked oxidative stress and genotoxicity, but further studies are needed to determine whether these early events can lead to cancer development in mussels.
authors: CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Basque Country, Spain.
authors: Pamela
authors: P
authors: Ruiz
authors: CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Basque Country, Spain.
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Katsumiti
authors: CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Basque Country, Spain.
authors: Jose A
authors: JA
authors: Nieto
authors: CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Basque Country, Spain.
authors: Jaume
authors: J
authors: Bori
authors: CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Basque Country, Spain.
authors: Alba
authors: A
authors: Jimeno-Romero
authors: Intrinsiq Materials Ltd, Cody Technology Park, Hampshire, UK.
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Reip
authors: Department of Applied Mathematics, Statistics and Operations Research, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.
authors: Inmaculada
authors: I
authors: Arostegui
authors: CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Basque Country, Spain.
authors: Amaia
authors: A
authors: Orbea
authors: CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Basque Country, Spain. Electronic address: mirenp.cajaraville@ehu.es.
authors: Miren P
authors: MP
authors: Cajaraville
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D003300:Copper / Q000633:toxicity*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity; D049878:Mytilus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002273:Carcinogens; D009153:Mutagens; D003300:Copper; C030973:cupric oxide
keywords: Bioaccumulation and subcellular localization; Copper oxide nanoparticles; Histopathology; Long-term effects; Micronuclei frequency; Mytilus galloprovincialis; Transcription level of cancer-related genesp53, ras and gadd45α