title: A practical guide to small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) of flexible and intrinsically disordered proteins.
abstract: Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is a biophysical method to study the overall shape and structural transitions of biological macromolecules in solution. SAXS provides low resolution information on the shape, conformation and assembly state of proteins, nucleic acids and various macromolecular complexes. The technique also offers powerful means for the quantitative analysis of flexible systems, including intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). Here, the basic principles of SAXS are presented, and profits and pitfalls of the characterization of multidomain flexible proteins and IDPs using SAXS are discussed from the practical point of view. Examples of the synergistic use of SAXS with high resolution methods like X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), as well as other experimental and in silico techniques to characterize completely, or partially unstructured proteins, are presented.
authors: European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, Notkestr. 85, Geb. 25a, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
authors: Alexey G
authors: AG
authors: Kikhney
authors: European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, Notkestr. 85, Geb. 25a, 22607 Hamburg, Germany. Electronic address: d.svergun@embl-hamburg.de.
authors: Dmitri I
authors: DI
authors: Svergun
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003198:Computer Simulation; D064267:Intrinsically Disordered Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D018583:Pliability; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017510:Protein Folding; D053838:Scattering, Small Angle; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D064267:Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
keywords: Disorder; Flexibility; Intrinsically disordered protein; Small angle scattering; Small-angle X-ray scattering