title: Intestinal microbial metabolism of phosphatidylcholine: a novel insight in the cardiovascular risk scenario.
abstract: Intestinal microbiota is a "dynamic organ" influencing host metabolism, nutrition, physiology and immune system. Among its several interactions, the role of a phosphatidylcholine metabolite derived by gut flora activity, i.e., trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), allows perceiving a novel insight in the cardiovascular risk scenario, being a strong predictor of this condition. Based on current reports, including the paper of Tang et al., we describe here: the possible role of intestinal microbiota in cardiovascular risk as well as potential interventions to reduce gut flora TMAO production by diet, probiotics and antibiotics. Finally, we highlight the possibility of evaluating, monitoring and modulating TMAO in order to use its serum levels as a marker of cardiovascular risk in the next future, when the need of controlled studies on large series will be satisfied.
authors: Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors: Enzo
authors: E
authors: Ierardi
authors: Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Sorrentino
authors: Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors: Mariabeatrice
authors: M
authors: Principi
authors: Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors: Floriana
authors: F
authors: Giorgio
authors: Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Losurdo
authors: Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors: Alfredo
authors: A
authors: Di Leo
keywords: Intestinal microbiota; antibiotics; cardiovascular risk; choline; probiotics; trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)