title: Vascular stiffness in insulin resistance and obesity.
abstract: Obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes are associated with a substantially increased prevalence of vascular fibrosis and stiffness, with attendant increased risk of cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease. Although the underlying mechanisms and mediators of vascular stiffness are not well understood, accumulating evidence supports the role of metabolic and immune dysregulation related to increased adiposity, activation of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system, reduced bioavailable nitric oxide, increased vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM remodeling in the pathogenesis of vascular stiffness. This review will give a brief overview of the relationship between obesity, insulin resistance and increased vascular stiffness to provide a contemporary understanding of the proposed underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies.
authors: Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia, MO, USA ; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital Columbia, MO, USA.
authors: Guanghong
authors: G
authors: Jia
authors: Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia, MO, USA ; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital Columbia, MO, USA.
authors: Annayya R
authors: AR
authors: Aroor
authors: Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia, MO, USA ; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital Columbia, MO, USA ; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia, MO, USA.
authors: Vincent G
authors: VG
authors: DeMarco
authors: Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital Columbia, MO, USA ; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia, MO, USA ; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri Columbia, MO, USA.
authors: Luis A
authors: LA
authors: Martinez-Lemus
authors: Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia, MO, USA ; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri Columbia, MO, USA.
authors: Gerald A
authors: GA
authors: Meininger
authors: Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia, MO, USA ; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital Columbia, MO, USA ; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia, MO, USA ; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri Columbia, MO, USA.
authors: James R
authors: JR
authors: Sowers
keywords: cardiovascular disease; insulin resistance; obesity; vascular resistance