title: Clonal in vitro propagation of peat mosses (SphagnumL.) as novel green resources for basic and applied research.
abstract: As builders and major components of peatlands,Sphagnopsida(peat mosses) are very important organisms for ecosystems and world's climate. Nowadays manySphagnumspecies as well as their habitats are largely protected, while their scientific and economic relevance remains considerable. Advanced methods of in vitro cultivation provide the potential to work in a sustainable way with peat mosses and address aspects of basic research as well as biotechnological and economical topics like biomonitoring or the production of renewable substrates for horticulture (Sphagnumfarming). Here, we describe the establishment of axenic in vitro cultures of the five peat moss speciesSphagnum fimbriatumWils. and Hook.,Sphagnum magellanicumBrid.,Sphagnum palustreL.,Sphagnum rubellumWils. andSphagnum subnitensRuss. and Warnst. with specific focus on large-scale cultivation ofS. palustrein bioreactors. Axenic, clonal cultures were established to produce high quantities of biomass under standardized laboratory conditions. For advanced production ofS.palustrewe tested different cultivation techniques, growth media and inocula, and analyzed the effects of tissue disruption. While cultivation on solid medium is suitable for long term storage, submerse cultivation in liquid medium yielded highest amounts of biomass. By addition of sucrose and ammonium nitrate we were able to increase the biomass by around 10- to 30-fold within 4 weeks. The morphology of in vitro-cultivated gametophores showed similar phenotypic characteristics compared to material from the field. Thus the tested culture techniques are suitable to produceS. palustrematerial for basic and applied research.
authors: Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors: Anna K
authors: AK
authors: Beike
authors: Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Campus Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.
authors: Valeria
authors: V
authors: Spagnuolo
authors: Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors: Volker
authors: V
authors: Lüth
authors: Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors: Feray
authors: F
authors: Steinhart
authors: BIOVIA Consultor Ambiental, Edificio Emprendia, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Ramos-Gómez
authors: Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Krebs
authors: Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Naples, Italy.
authors: Paola
authors: P
authors: Adamo
authors: BIOVIA Consultor Ambiental, Edificio Emprendia, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors: Ana Isabel
authors: AI
authors: Rey-Asensio
authors: Department of Cellular Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Angel Fernández
authors: Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Campus Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy ; AMRA S.c.a r.l., Via Nuova Agnano 11, 80125 Naples, Italy.
authors: Simonetta
authors: S
authors: Giordano
authors: Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors: Eva L
authors: EL
authors: Decker
authors: Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany ; BIOSS - Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany ; FRIAS - Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Freiburg, Germany.
authors: Ralf
authors: R
authors: Reski
keywords: Biomonitoring; In vitro cultivation; Moss bag technique; Mosses; Sphagnum; Sphagnum propagule