title: Multi-modality sparse representation-based classification for Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The discrimination of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its prodromal stage known as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from normal control (NC) is important for patients' timely treatment. The simultaneous use of multi-modality data has been demonstrated to be helpful for more accurate identification. The current study focused on extending a multi-modality algorithm and evaluating the method by identifying AD/MCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, sparse representation-based classification (SRC), a well-developed method in pattern recognition and machine learning, was extended to a multi-modality classification framework named as weighted multi-modality SRC (wmSRC). Data including three modalities of volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and florbetapir PET from the Alzheimer's disease Neuroimaging Initiative database were adopted for AD/MCI classification (113 AD patients, 110 MCI patients and 117 NC subjects).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adopting wmSRC, the classification accuracy achieved 94.8% for AD vs. NC, 74.5% for MCI vs. NC, and 77.8% for progressive MCI vs. stable MCI, superior to or comparable with the results of some other state-of-the-art models in recent multi-modality researches.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The wmSRC method is a promising tool for classification with multi-modality data. It could be effective for identifying diseases from NC with neuroimaging data, which could be helpful for the timely diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
authors: College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors: Lele
authors: L
authors: Xu
authors: College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China. Electronic address: wuxia@bnu.edu.cn.
authors: Xia
authors: X
authors: Wu
authors: Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Banner Good Samaritan PET Center, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA.
authors: Kewei
authors: K
authors: Chen
authors: College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Yao
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D000069550:Machine Learning; D008875:Middle Aged; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods*; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013382:Subtraction Technique
keywords: Alzheimer's disease (AD); Mild cognitive impairment (MCI); Multi-modality; Neuroimaging data; Sparse representation-based classification (SRC)