title: Vitamin D deficiency in patients with intestinal malabsorption syndromes--think in and outside the gut.
abstract: There is a very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, which is defined by a serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] of lower than 20 ng/mL, in all populations of the world. Unfortunately, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with intestinal malabsorption syndromes, including cystic fibrosis (CF), celiac disease (CD), short bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is higher than that in the general population, indicating the presence of disease-specific causative factors. In this review, we aimed to present clinical findings to highlight the roles of insufficient exposure to sunlight and inflammation in the development of vitamin D deficiency in patients with intestinal malabsorption syndromes. Furthermore, we aimed to present experimental evidence that supported a role of vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of IBD. Finally, we reviewed clinical intervention strategies aiming to normalize vitamin D status in and even to improve the conditions of patients and to discuss certain issues that needed to be addressed in future research.
authors: George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
authors: Samantha L
authors: SL
authors: Margulies
authors: George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
authors: Divya
authors: D
authors: Kurian
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
authors: Mark S
authors: MS
authors: Elliott
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
authors: Zhiyong
authors: Z
authors: Han
mesh_terms: D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000150:complications; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008286:Malabsorption Syndromes / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D013472:Sunlight; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: deficiency; diet; malabsorption syndromes; sunlight; supplementation; vitamin D