title: (1)H MRS: a potential biomarker of in utero placental function.
abstract: The placenta is a temporary organ that is essential for a healthy pregnancy. It performs several important functions, including the transport of nutrients, the removal of waste products and the metabolism of certain substances. Placental disorders have been found to account for over 50% of stillbirths. Despite this, there are currently no methods available to directly and non-invasively assess placental function in utero. The primary aim of this pilot study was to investigate the use of (1)H MRS for this purpose. (1)H MRS offers the possibility to detect several placental metabolites, including choline, lipids and the amino acids glutamine and glutamate (Glx), which are vital to fetal development and placental function. Here, in utero placental spectra were acquired from nine small for gestational age (SGA) pregnancies, a cohort who are at increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality, and from nine healthy gestation-matched pregnancies. All subjects were between 26 and 39 weeks of gestation. Placenta Glx, choline and lipids at 1.3 and 0.9 ppm were quantified as amplitude ratios to that of intrinsic H2O. Wilcoxon signed rank tests indicated a significant difference in Glx/H2O (p = 0.024) between the two groups, but not in choline/H2O (p = 0.722) or in either lipid/H2O ratio (1.3 ppm, p = 0.813; 0.9 ppm, p = 0.058). This study has demonstrated that (1)H MRS has potential for the detection of placental metabolites in utero. This warrants further investigation as a tool for the monitoring of placental function.
authors: Clinical Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors: Gillian
authors: G
authors: Macnaught
authors: Clinical Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors: Calum
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2816-4707
authors: C
authors: Gray
authors: Simpson Centre for Reproductive Health, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK.
authors: Jane
authors: J
authors: Walker
authors: MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors: Mary
authors: M
authors: Simpson
authors: MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors: Jane
authors: J
authors: Norman
authors: Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors: Scott
authors: S
authors: Semple
authors: MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors: Fiona
authors: F
authors: Denison
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002794:Choline / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020139:Gastroschisis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010920:Placenta / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D050497:Stillbirth; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D008055:Lipids; D002794:Choline
keywords: MRS; fetal growth restriction; glutamate; glutamine; placenta; spectroscopic quantification