title: Effects of Group Counseling Transmitted Through Videoconferencing on Changes in Eating Behaviors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of constructivism-based dietary group counseling transmitted through videoconferencing (VC) and face-to-face (FF) counseling on changes in eating behaviors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Altogether, 74 participants with high risk of type 2 diabetes were divided into FF and VC groups based on their place of residence in northern Finland. Constructivism-based dietary group counseling, a nonrandomized intervention, was performed (evaluations at 0, 6, and 21 months). The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-18 was used to evaluate cognitive restraint eating (CR), emotional eating (EE), and uncontrolled eating (UE). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and ANCOVA (significance level of 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cognitive restraint eating increased and UE decreased between baseline and 6 months in both groups, but between baseline and 21 months only in the FF group (P = .005 and P = .021, respectively). Emotional eating decreased only in the VC group (P = .016). There were no differences between groups at 6 or 21 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Constructivism-based counseling delivered through videoconferencing was effective at improving eating behaviors.
authors: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. Electronic address: nina.nevanpera@ttl.fi.
authors: Nina
authors: N
authors: Nevanperä
authors: Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
authors: Anna-Maria
authors: AM
authors: Keränen
authors: Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
authors: Olavi
authors: O
authors: Ukkola
authors: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Jaana
authors: J
authors: Laitinen
mesh_terms: D003376:Counseling / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D006963:Hyperphagia; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D049269:Videoconferencing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: cognitive restraint; constructivism-based group counseling; emotional eating; uncontrolled eating; videoconferencing