title: Synergistic effects of gene polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system on essential hypertension in Kazakhs in Xinjiang.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the synergistic effects of gene polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) on essential hypertension (EH) in Kazakhs in Xinjiang.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional case-control association study was conducted in 52 1 hypertensive and 623 normotensive subjects of Kazakh ethnicity on eight common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) interspersed over five genes of the RAAS. SNPs were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Interactions among the SNPs were analyzed by the multifactor dimensionality reduction method (MDR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In single-locus analysis, subjects with AGT -6G, ACE D, and CYP11B2 -344C had increased susceptibility to EH (OR: 1.249; 1.425; 1.201). When subgrouped by sex, males with the t allele of REN Taq I had decreased risk for EH (OR: 0.529), and those with AGT -6G and CYP11B2 -344 C had increased risk for EH (OR: 1.498; 1.449). In females, carrying ACE D increased the risk for EH. (OR: 1.327). In six AGT haplotypes, H1 was protective, while H3 increased susceptibility to EH (OR: 0.683; 2.025). Interaction analysis by MDR showed that there was a strong synergistic effect between ACE I/D and CY11B2 (T-344C) and a moderate interaction between both ACE I/D and CY11B2 T-344C and AGT A-6G.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a strong synergistic effect between ACE I/D and CY11B2 T-344C and a moderate effect between both ACE I/D and CY11B2 T-344C and AGT A-6G. AGT -6G, ACE D, and CY11B2 -344C increased susceptibility to EH. REN Taq I, AGT -6G, CY11B2 -344 C and ACE D were associated with male and female EH, respectively. H1 and H3 of AGT were protective and risk haplotypes, respectively.
authors: a Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , China .
authors: Shudong
authors: S
authors: Niu
authors: b Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (National laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology) , Beijing , China .
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Zhang
authors: a Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , China .
authors: Keyong
authors: K
authors: Zhang
authors: c Department of Cardiology , The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University , Urumuqi , China .
authors: Pengcheng
authors: P
authors: Zhu
authors: a Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , China .
authors: Jingping
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: b Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (National laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology) , Beijing , China .
authors: Yujing
authors: Y
authors: Sun
authors: a Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , China .
authors: Ning
authors: N
authors: He
authors: d Altay Region People's Hospital , Aletai City , China , and.
authors: Mingtao
authors: M
authors: Zhang
authors: a Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , China .
authors: Zhiying
authors: Z
authors: Gao
authors: a Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , China .
authors: Xueyan
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: e People's General Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region , Urumuqi , China.
authors: Amuti
authors: A
authors: Simayi
authors: a Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , China .
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Ge
authors: a Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , China .
authors: Mingyu
authors: M
authors: Cong
authors: b Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (National laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology) , Beijing , China .
authors: Wenna
authors: W
authors: Zhou
authors: a Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , China .
authors: Changchun
authors: C
authors: Qiu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000235:genetics*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000235:genetics*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019405:Cytochrome P-450 CYP11B2 / Q000235:genetics*; D000075222:Essential Hypertension; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000208:ethnology; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D065840:Protective Factors; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C534931:AGT protein, human; D000808:Angiotensinogen; D019405:Cytochrome P-450 CYP11B2; C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A
keywords: Essential hypertension; Xinjiang Kazakh; haplotype; multifactor dimensionality reduction; renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system