title: Dopamine uptake dynamics are preserved under isoflurane anesthesia.
abstract: Fast scan cyclic voltammetry is commonly used for measuring the kinetics of dopamine release and uptake. For experiments using an anesthetized preparation, urethane is preferentially used because it does not alter dopamine uptake kinetics compared to freely moving animals. Unfortunately, urethane is highly toxic, can induce premature death during experiments, and cannot be used for recovery surgeries. Isoflurane is an alternative anesthetic that is less toxic than urethane, produces a stable level of anesthesia over extended periods, and is often used for recovery surgeries. Despite these benefits, the effects of isoflurane on dopamine release and uptake have not been directly characterized. In the present studies, we assessed the utility of isoflurane for voltammetry experiments by testing dopamine signaling parameters under baseline conditions, after treatment with the dopamine uptake inhibitor cocaine, and after exposure to increasing concentrations of isoflurane. Our results indicate that surgical levels of isoflurane do not significantly alter terminal mechanisms of dopamine release and uptake over prolonged periods of time. Consequently, we propose that isoflurane is an acceptable anesthetic for voltammetry experiments, which in turn permits the design of studies in which dopamine signaling is examined under anesthesia prior to recovery and subsequent experimentation in the same animals.
authors: Drexel University College of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, 2900 W Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States.
authors: Zachary D
authors: ZD
authors: Brodnik
authors: Drexel University College of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, 2900 W Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States. Electronic address: respana@drexelmed.edu.
authors: Rodrigo A
authors: RA
authors: España
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D014520:Urethane / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D014520:Urethane; D007530:Isoflurane; D003042:Cocaine; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: Cocaine; Dopamine transporter; Fast scan cyclic voltammetry; Nucleus accumbens; Urethane