title: Outcomes from a computer-assisted intervention simultaneously targeting cannabis and tobacco use.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cannabis users frequently report concurrent tobacco use, and tobacco use is associated with poorer outcomes during treatment for cannabis use disorders (CUD). Interventions that simultaneously target both tobacco and cannabis use disorders may enhance cessation outcomes for either or both substances.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study evaluated an intervention integrating highly effective treatments for cannabis and tobacco use disorders. Thirty-two participants meeting diagnostic criteria for CUD and reporting daily tobacco use were enrolled in a 12-week computer-assisted behavioral treatment for CUD. Participants were encouraged to participate in a tobacco intervention that included a computer-assisted behavioral treatment tailored for tobacco and cannabis co-users, and nicotine-replacement therapy (NRT). Cannabis and tobacco outcomes were evaluated using descriptive statistics and were compared to a historical control group that received treatment for CUD but not tobacco.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants achieved 3.6±4.3 consecutive weeks of cannabis abstinence, which was comparable to the historical control group (3.1±4.4). A majority of the sample (78%) completed at least one tobacco module and 44% initiated NRT. Over half (56%) initiated tobacco quit attempts, and 28% were tobacco abstinent for at least two consecutive weeks. Participants showed greater reduction in tobacco use (cigarettes per day) than the historical control group, but differences in tobacco abstinence rates during the final month of treatment were not statistically significant (12.5% vs. 4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest that providing a tobacco intervention during treatment for CUD is feasible and may positively impact tobacco use without negatively affecting cannabis use outcomes.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Rivermill Complex, Suite B3-1, 85 Mechanic St., Lebanon, NH 03766, United States. Electronic address: Dustin.C.Lee@Dartmouth.edu.
authors: Dustin C
authors: DC
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Rivermill Complex, Suite B3-1, 85 Mechanic St., Lebanon, NH 03766, United States.
authors: Alan J
authors: AJ
authors: Budney
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Rivermill Complex, Suite B3-1, 85 Mechanic St., Lebanon, NH 03766, United States.
authors: Mary F
authors: MF
authors: Brunette
authors: Departments of Psychiatry and Psychological Science, University of Vermont, UHC Campus/OH3, Stop # 482, 1 South Prospect St., Burlington, VT 05401, United States.
authors: John R
authors: JR
authors: Hughes
authors: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CMU. 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland.
authors: Jean-Francois
authors: JF
authors: Etter
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Rivermill Complex, Suite B3-1, 85 Mechanic St., Lebanon, NH 03766, United States.
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Stanger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D002188:Cannabis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cannabis; Co-use; Computer-assisted; Incentives; Tobacco; Treatment