title: Clinoenstatite coatings have high bonding strength, bioactive ion release, and osteoimmunomodulatory effects that enhance in vivo osseointegration.
abstract: A number of coating materials have been developed over past two decades seeking to improve the osseointegration of orthopedic metal implants. Despite the many candidate materials trialed, their low rate of translation into clinical applications suggests there is room for improving the current strategies for their development. We therefore propose that the ideal coating material(s) should possess the following three properties: (i) high bonding strength, (ii) release of functional ions, and (iii) favourable osteoimmunomodulatory effects. To test this proposal, we developed clinoenstatite (CLT, MgSiO3), which as a coating material has high bonding strength, cytocompability and immunomodulatory effects that are favourable for in vivo osteogenesis. The bonding strength of CLT coatings was 50.1 ± 3.2 MPa, more than twice that of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings, at 23.5 ± 3.5 MPa. CLT coatings released Mg and Si ions, and compared to HA coatings, induced an immunomodulation more conducive for osseointegration, demonstrated by downregurelation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhancement of osteogenesis, and inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. In vivo studies demonstrated that CLT coatings improved osseointegration with host bone, as shown by the enhanced biomechanical strength and increased de novo bone formation, when compared with HA coatings. These results support the notion that coating materials with the proposed properties can induce an in vivo environment better suited for osseointegration. These properties could, therefore, be fundamental when developing high-performance coating materials.
authors: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia. Electronic address: chengtiewu@mail.sic.ac.cn.
authors: Chengtie
authors: C
authors: Wu
authors: The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia; Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia.
authors: Zetao
authors: Z
authors: Chen
authors: The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia; Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
authors: Qianju
authors: Q
authors: Wu
authors: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
authors: Deliang
authors: D
authors: Yi
authors: The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia; Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia.
authors: Thor
authors: T
authors: Friis
authors: Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Chinese Academy of Science, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China.
authors: Xuebin
authors: X
authors: Zheng
authors: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia. Electronic address: jchang@mail.sic.ac.cn.
authors: Jiang
authors: J
authors: Chang
authors: The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia; Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China. Electronic address: xinquanj@aliyun.com.
authors: Xinquan
authors: X
authors: Jiang
authors: The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia; Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia. Electronic address: yin.xiao@qut.edu.au.
authors: Yin
authors: Y
authors: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016348:Osseointegration; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible
keywords: Bioceramics; Coating; Osseointegration; Osteoimmunomodulation