title: One of the Mechanisms to Increase HSV-1 Uptake in HSV-1-Infected, Activated T Lymphocytes Is the Formation of Filopodia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the host transcription factor E2F-1 and/or any mechanisms that may support viral entry and its effect on the HSV-1 production in anti-CD3-activated Jurkat cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expressions of ICP4, HVEM and E2F-1 were studied using reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot. HSV-1 production was determined by plaque titration assay and HSV-1 DNA load was quantified by real-time PCR. The viral uptake was observed by electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In anti-CD3-activated Jurkat cells, there was a significant increase in the HSV-1 production. The expression of ICP4 mRNA after HSV-1 infection occurred 2 h prior to the synthesis of the ICP4 protein, which was significantly higher in activated than nonactivated T cells. There were no significant differences in the expressions of E2F-1 mRNA. The HVEM expression was positively correlated with the HSV-1 DNA in the activated T cells. From the electron micrograph, the formations of filopodia were observed only in HSV-1-infected, activated cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High expressions of viral receptor protein and filopodia formations are the key factors that enhance the HSV-1 entry into activated T lymphocytes, resulting in an increased production of the virus.
authors: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors: Parvapan
authors: P
authors: Bhattarakosol
authors: Pornnapa
authors: P
authors: Donchai
mesh_terms: D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000276:immunology; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D011554:Pseudopodia / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D053240:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14 / Q000235:genetics; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000648:ultrastructure / Q000821:virology*; D053586:Virus Internalization; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor; C493753:E2F1 protein, human; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053240:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14; C506028:TNFRSF14 protein, human; C072628:herpes simplex virus IE3 protein, Human herpesvirus 1