title: Behavioral Effects and Tunneling Responses of Eastern Subterranean Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) Exposed to Chlorantraniliprole-Treated Soils.
abstract: Intrinsic toxicities of chlorantraniliprole, fipronil, and imidacloprid were evaluated with topical applications on worker termites. Worker termites were exposed to substrates treated with formulated chlorantraniliprole to study contact toxicity, tunneling, and postexposure behaviors. The intrinsic toxicities (LD50, ng/termite) of chlorantraniliprole (1.25, 0.96, and 0.44) and fipronil (0.12, 0.11, and 0.13) at 11 d were similar for workers from three termite colonies. Imidacloprid toxicity (LD50) values were highly variable among the workers from three different colonies, values at 11 d ranging from 0.7 to 75 ng/termite. Termite workers exposed to sand and soils treated with chlorantraniliprole at 50 ppm exhibited delayed mortality and, for most of the exposure times, it took >5 d to observe 90-100% mortality in termite workers. Exposure to chlorantraniliprole-treated sand (50 ppm) for as little as 1 min stopped feeding and killed 90-100% of the workers. Tunneling (≈ 2 h) in different soil types treated with chlorantraniliprole at 50 ppm, even those with high organic matter (6.3%) and clay content (30%), caused immediate feeding cessation in worker termites and mortality in the next 7-14 d. Worker termites exposed for 1 and 60 min to sand treated with chlorantraniliprole (50 ppm) were able to walk normally for 4 h after exposure in most cases. Delayed toxicity, increased aggregation, and grooming were observed in exposed termites and discussed in the context of horizontal transfer effects within termite colonies.
authors: DuPont Crop Protection, 1090 Elkton Rd., Stine-Haskell Research Center, Bldg. S210 N, Office 259, Newark, DE 19713. raj.k.saran@dupont.com.
authors: Raj K
authors: RK
authors: Saran
authors: DuPont Engineering Research and Technology, Applied Statistics, 974 Centre Rd., Chestnut Run Plaza 723/1139, Wilmington, DE.
authors: Melissa
authors: M
authors: Ziegler
authors: DuPont Crop Protection, 1090 Elkton Rd., Stine-Haskell Research Center, Bldg. S210 N, Office 259, Newark, DE 19713.
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Kudlie
authors: DuPont Crop Protection, 1090 Elkton Rd., Stine-Haskell Research Center, Bldg. S210 N, Office 259, Newark, DE 19713.
authors: Danielle
authors: D
authors: Harrison
authors: DuPont Crop Protection, 1090 Elkton Rd., Stine-Haskell Research Center, Bldg. S210 N, Office 259, Newark, DE 19713.
authors: David M
authors: DM
authors: Leva
authors: Syngenta, 410 S. Swing Rd., Greensboro, NC 27409.
authors: Clay
authors: C
authors: Scherer
authors: Syngenta, 410 S. Swing Rd., Greensboro, NC 27409.
authors: Mark A
authors: MA
authors: Coffelt
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007093:Imidazoles; D007300:Insect Control; D007306:Insecticides; D020049:Isoptera; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D011720:Pyrazoles; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D011720:Pyrazoles; D012987:Soil; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates; C082359:imidacloprid; C517733:chlorantranilipole; C082360:fipronil
keywords: Reticulitermes flavipes; aggregation; feeding cessation; lethal dose