title: Comparison of the breadth and complexity of bovine viral diarrhea (BVDV) populations circulating in 34 persistently infected cattle generated in one outbreak.
abstract: Exposure to bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) results in acute and persistent infections. Persistent infections result from in utero exposure during the first trimester of gestation. Clinical presentation, in persistently infected cattle (PI), is highly variable. The reasons for this variation is largely unknown. The BVDV circulating in PI exist as quasispecies (swarms of individual viruses). An outbreak resulting in 34 PI cattle presented an opportunity to compare a large number of PI׳s. Methods were developed to compare the circulating viral populations within PI animals. It was found that PI animals generated in the same outbreak carry circulating viral populations that differ widely in size and diversity. Further, it was demonstrated that variation in PI viral populations could be used as a quantifiable phenotype. This observation makes it possible to test the correlation of this phenotype to other phenotypes such as growth rate, congenital defects, viral shed and cytokine expression.
authors: National Animal Disease Center, ARS/USDA, Ames, IA 50010, United States. Electronic address: julia.ridpath@ars.usda.gov.
authors: J F
authors: JF
authors: Ridpath
authors: National Animal Disease Center, ARS/USDA, Ames, IA 50010, United States.
authors: D O
authors: DO
authors: Bayles
authors: National Animal Disease Center, ARS/USDA, Ames, IA 50010, United States.
authors: J D
authors: JD
authors: Neill
authors: National Animal Disease Center, ARS/USDA, Ames, IA 50010, United States.
authors: S M
authors: SM
authors: Falkenberg
authors: National Animal Disease Center, ARS/USDA, Ames, IA 50010, United States.
authors: F V
authors: FV
authors: Bauermann
authors: Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University Brookings, SD 57006, United States.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Holler
authors: Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University Brookings, SD 57006, United States.
authors: L J
authors: LJ
authors: Braun
authors: Antelope Research Station, Buffalo, SD 57720, United States.
authors: D B
authors: DB
authors: Young
authors: Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University Brookings, SD 57006, United States.
authors: S E
authors: SE
authors: Kane
authors: Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University Brookings, SD 57006, United States.
authors: C C L
authors: CC
authors: Chase
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001912:Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D002417:Cattle; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D001908:Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: Bovine viral diarrhea virus; Persistent infection; Viral swarms