title: Accumulation and phytotoxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid in the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is widely used in the manufacture of many industrial and household products. To assess the potential environmental risk of PFOA, its accumulation, translocation and phytotoxic effects were investigated using the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana. Exposure to 18 μM PFOA-F in agar plates did not affect plant growth, but 181-1811 μM PFOA-F inhibited root and shoot growth. PFOA was more phytotoxic on shoot growth than NaF at the equivalent F concentration, with the latter having 3.9-7.6 times higher EC50 for shoot biomass than PFOA. PFOA was efficiently translocated from roots to shoots, where it existed as intact PFOA molecules without transformation evidenced by the (19)F NMR spectra. PFOA caused a significant increase in the concentration of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) in shoots, indicating that oxidative stress is a likely cause of PFOA phytotoxicity.
authors: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors: Xinping
authors: X
authors: Yang
authors: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors: Chengchen
authors: C
authors: Ye
authors: State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK. Electronic address: Fangjie.zhao@njau.edu.cn.
authors: Fang-Jie
authors: FJ
authors: Zhao
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D002210:Caprylates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D002210:Caprylates; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: (19)F NMR; Arabidopsis thaliana; Fluoride; Oxidative stress; Perfluorooctanoic acid; Phytotoxicity