title: Genome-wide association study of prostate cancer-specific survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Unnecessary intervention and overtreatment of indolent disease are common challenges in clinical management of prostate cancer. Improved tools to distinguish lethal from indolent disease are critical.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a genome-wide survival analysis of cause-specific death in 24,023 prostate cancer patients (3,513 disease-specific deaths) from the PRACTICAL and BPC3 consortia. Top findings were assessed for replication in a Norwegian cohort (CONOR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed no significant association between genetic variants and prostate cancer survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Common genetic variants with large impact on prostate cancer survival were not observed in this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future studies should be designed for identification of rare variants with large effect sizes or common variants with small effect sizes.
authors: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. Academic Primary Healthcare Center, Stockholm County Council, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. robert.szulkin@ki.se.
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Szulkin
authors: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Karlsson
authors: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Whitington
authors: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Aly
authors: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Henrik
authors: H
authors: Gronberg
authors: The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom. Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, United Kingdom.
authors: Rosalind A
authors: RA
authors: Eeles
authors: Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: Douglas F
authors: DF
authors: Easton
authors: The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
authors: Zsofia
authors: Z
authors: Kote-Jarai
authors: Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: Ali Amin
authors: AA
authors: Al Olama
authors: Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Benlloch
authors: Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
authors: Kenneth
authors: K
authors: Muir
authors: Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors: Graham G
authors: GG
authors: Giles
authors: Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors: Melissa C
authors: MC
authors: Southey
authors: Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors: Liesel M
authors: LM
authors: FitzGerald
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California.
authors: Brian E
authors: BE
authors: Henderson
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California.
authors: Fredrick R
authors: FR
authors: Schumacher
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California.
authors: Christopher A
authors: CA
authors: Haiman
authors: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine Kiinamyllynkatu 10, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors: Csilla
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authors: Sipeky
authors: Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital and Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
authors: Teuvo L J
authors: TL
authors: Tammela
authors: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark. Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Børge G
authors: BG
authors: Nordestgaard
authors: Cancer Epidemiology, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors: Timothy J
authors: TJ
authors: Key
authors: Cancer Epidemiology, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors: Ruth C
authors: RC
authors: Travis
authors: Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: David E
authors: DE
authors: Neal
authors: School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
authors: Jenny L
authors: JL
authors: Donovan
authors: Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Faculty of Medical Science, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors: Freddie C
authors: FC
authors: Hamdy
authors: Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: Paul D P
authors: PD
authors: Pharoah
authors: Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom. University College London, Department of Applied Health Research, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, United Kingdom.
authors: Nora
authors: N
authors: Pashayan
authors: Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: Kay-Tee
authors: KT
authors: Khaw
authors: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
authors: Janet L
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authors: Stanford
authors: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors: Stephen N
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authors: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors: Shannon K
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authors: McDonnell
authors: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors: Daniel J
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authors: Schaid
authors: Department of Urology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
authors: Christiane
authors: C
authors: Maier
authors: Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
authors: Walther
authors: W
authors: Vogel
authors: Department of Urology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
authors: Manuel
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authors: Luedeke
authors: Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany.
authors: Kathleen
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authors: Herkommer
authors: Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Adam S
authors: AS
authors: Kibel
authors: International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors: Cezary
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authors: Cybulski
authors: International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors: Jan
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authors: Lubiński
authors: International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors: Wojciech
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authors: Kluźniak
authors: Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah. George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors: Lisa
authors: L
authors: Cannon-Albright
authors: Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: Hermann
authors: H
authors: Brenner
authors: Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: Volker
authors: V
authors: Herrmann
authors: Saarland Cancer Registry, Saarbrücken, Germany.
authors: Bernd
authors: B
authors: Holleczek
authors: Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.
authors: Jong Y
authors: JY
authors: Park
authors: Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.
authors: Thomas A
authors: TA
authors: Sellers
authors: Biostatistics Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.
authors: Hui-Yi
authors: HY
authors: Lim
authors: Department of Urology and Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors: Chavdar
authors: C
authors: Slavov
authors: Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors: Radka P
authors: RP
authors: Kaneva
authors: Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors: Vanio I
authors: VI
authors: Mitev
authors: Molecular Cancer Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia.
authors: Amanda
authors: A
authors: Spurdle
authors: Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal. Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors: Manuel R
authors: MR
authors: Teixeira
authors: Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal.
authors: Paula
authors: P
authors: Paulo
authors: Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal.
authors: Sofia
authors: S
authors: Maia
authors: The University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom.
authors: Hardev
authors: H
authors: Pandha
authors: The University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom.
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Michael
authors: The University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom.
authors: Andrzej
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authors: Kierzek
authors: Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
authors: Jyotsna
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authors: Batra
authors: Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
authors: Judith A
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authors: Clements
authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors: Demetrius
authors: D
authors: Albanes
authors: Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
authors: Gerald L
authors: GL
authors: Andriole
authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors: Sonja I
authors: SI
authors: Berndt
authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland. Core Genotyping Facility, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland.
authors: Stephen
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authors: Chanock
authors: Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors: Susan M
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authors: Gapstur
authors: Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Edward L
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authors: Giovannucci
authors: Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: David J
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authors: Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Peter
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authors: Kraft
authors: Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii.
authors: Loic
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authors: Le Marchand
authors: Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Channing Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Ma
authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors: Alison M
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authors: Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Channing Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Kathryn L
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authors: Penney
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Meir J
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authors: Stevens
authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors: Stephanie J
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authors: Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece. Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece. Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors: Antonia
authors: A
authors: Trichopoulou
authors: Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Bas H
authors: BH
authors: Bueno-de-Mesquita
authors: Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Tjønneland
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM UMR1052, Center Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
authors: David G
authors: DG
authors: Cox
authors: Inherited Cancer Research Group, Department for Medical Genetics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Lovise
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authors: Maehle
authors: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine Kiinamyllynkatu 10, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. BioMediTech, University of Tampere and FimLab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.
authors: Johanna
authors: J
authors: Schleutker
authors: Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Sara
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authors: Lindström
authors: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Fredrik
authors: F
authors: Wiklund
mesh_terms: D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality*; D016019:Survival Analysis