title: XRIndex: a brief screening tool for individual differences in security threat detection in x-ray images.
abstract: X-ray imaging is a cost-effective technique at security checkpoints that typically require the presence of human operators. We have previously shown that self-reported attention to detail can predict threat detection performance with small-vehicle x-ray images (Rusconi et al., 2012). Here, we provide evidence for the generality of such a link by having a large sample of naïve participants screen more typical dual-energy x-ray images of hand luggage. The results show that the Attention to Detail score from the autism-spectrum quotient (AQ) questionnaire (Baron-Cohen et al., 2001) is a linear predictor of threat detection accuracy. We then develop and fine-tune a novel self-report scale for security screening: the XRIndex, which improves on the Attention to Detail scale for predictive power and opacity to interpretation. The XRIndex is not redundant with any of the Big Five personality traits. We validate the XRIndex against security x-ray images with an independent sample of untrained participants and suggest that the XRIndex may be a useful aid for the identification of suitable candidates for professional security training with a focus on x-ray threat detection. Further studies are needed to determine whether this can also apply to trained professionals.
authors: Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London London, UK ; Department of Neurosciences, University of Parma Parma, Italy ; Division of Psychology, Abertay University Dundee, UK.
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Rusconi
authors: Department of Neurosciences, University of Parma Parma, Italy ; Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada.
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Ferri
authors: Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London London, UK.
authors: Essi
authors: E
authors: Viding
authors: Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London London, UK.
authors: Timothy
authors: T
authors: Mitchener-Nissen
keywords: applied psychology; autism spectrum disorders; security and human factors; threat detection; x-ray imaging