title: Dry needling for the management of thoracic spine pain.
abstract: Thoracic spine pain is as disabling as neck and low back pain without receiving the same level of attention in the scientific literature. Among the different structures that can refer pain to the thoracic spine, muscles often play a relevant role. Trigger points (TrPs) from neck, shoulder and spinal muscles can induce pain in the region of the thoracic spine. There is a lack of evidence reporting the presence of TrPs in the region of the thoracic spine, but clinical evidence suggests that TrPs can be a potential source of thoracic spine pain. The current paper discusses the role of TrPs in the thoracic spine and dry needling (DN) for the management of TrPs in the thoracic multifidi and longissimus thoracis. This paper also includes a brief discussion of the application of DN in other tissues such as tendons, ligaments and scars.
authors: Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain ; Esthesiology Laboratory of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain ; Cátedra de Investigación y Docencia en Fisioterapia: Terapia Manual y Punción Seca, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
authors: César
authors: C
authors: Fernández-de-Las-Peñas
authors: Myopain Seminars, LLC, Bethesda, MD, USA ; Bethesda Physiocare, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors: Michelle
authors: M
authors: Layton
authors: Myopain Seminars, LLC, Bethesda, MD, USA ; Bethesda Physiocare, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA ; Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Valencia, Spain.
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Dommerholt
keywords: Dry needling; Muscle pain; Pain; Thoracic spine; Trigger points