title: Transformation of organic matters in animal wastes during composting.
abstract: The transformation of organic matters in swine, cow and chicken manures was compared and evaluated using elemental analysis, FTIR, (13)C NMR, pyrolysis/GC/MS, Biolog and multiple fluorochrome over 60 days composting. The results revealed that cow manure exhibited the greatest C/N and aromaticity, whereas chicken manure exhibited the highest nitrogen and sulfur contents. O-alkyl-C was predominant carbon structure in the three manures. Alkyl-C and carboxyl-C were decomposed dramatically in initial 10 days, and mineralization of O-alkyl-C dominated the curing stage. During pyrolysis of chicken, cow, and swine manures, the majority products were fatty acids, phenols and cholestene derivatives, respectively, however, phenols and cholestene derivatives were strongly reduced in the mature manures. Furthermore, microorganisms in the raw cow, chicken and swine manure demonstrated the highest degradation capabilities for carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids, respectively. Spatial differences in the contents of solid organics in the manure particles were negligible through detection by multiple staining methods during composting.
authors: School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWER), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China. Electronic address: hitwk@sina.com.
authors: Ke
authors: K
authors: Wang
authors: Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
authors: Chao
authors: C
authors: He
authors: School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWER), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China. Electronic address: sjyou@hit.edu.cn.
authors: Shijie
authors: S
authors: You
authors: School of Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
authors: Weijie
authors: W
authors: Liu
authors: School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWER), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Wang
authors: School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWER), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China.
authors: Ruijun
authors: R
authors: Zhang
authors: Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
authors: Huanhuan
authors: H
authors: Qi
authors: Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
authors: Nanqi
authors: N
authors: Ren
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D002645:Chickens; D004285:Dogs; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D002241:Carbohydrates; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008055:Lipids; D008372:Manure; D012987:Soil; D002244:Carbon; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: (13)C NMR; Compost; Manure; Organic matter; Pyrolysis/GC/MS