title: Demonstrating correction of low levels of astigmatism with realistic scenes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Modern standard visual acuity tests are primarily designed as diagnostic tools for use during subjective refraction and normally bear little relation to real-world situations. We have developed a methodology to create realistic rendered scenes that demonstrate potential vision improvement in a relevant and engaging way. Low-cylindrical refractive error can be made more noticeable by optimizing the contrast and spatial frequencies, and by testing four different visual perception skills: motion tracking, pattern recognition, visual clutter differentiation and contrast sensitivity. Using a 1.00DC lens during iteration, we created a range of still and video scenes before optimizing to a selection 3-D rendered street scenes. These were assessed on everyday relevance, emotional and visual engagement and sensitivity to refractive correction for low-cylinder astigmats (0.75-1.00DC, n=74) wearing best spherical equivalent correction and then with astigmatism corrected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most promising visual elements involved or combined optimized textures, distracting patterns behind text, faces at a distance, and oblique text. 91.9% of subjects (95% CI: 83.2, 97.0) reported an overall visual improvement when viewing the images with astigmatic correction, and 96% found the images helpful to determine which type of contact lens to use. Our method, which combines visual science with design thinking, takes a new approach to creating vision tests. The resultant test scenes can be used to improve patient interaction and help low cylinder astigmats see relevant, every-day benefits in correcting low levels (0.75 & 1.00DC) of astigmatism.
authors: Innovia Technology Ltd., Cambridge UK. Electronic address: apm_clae@innoviatech.com.
authors: Andy
authors: A
authors: Milton
authors: Proxama, Norwich, UK.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Murphy
authors: Innovia Technology Ltd., Cambridge UK.
authors: Ben
authors: B
authors: Rose
authors: Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc., Jacksonville, FL, USA.
authors: Giovanna
authors: G
authors: Olivares
authors: Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc., Jacksonville, FL, USA.
authors: Borm Kim
authors: BK
authors: Little
authors: Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc., Jacksonville, FL, USA.
authors: Charis
authors: C
authors: Lau
authors: Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Wokingham, UK.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Sulley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001251:Astigmatism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Correction assessment; Low-cylinder; Relevance; Subjective refraction; Toric