title: Ionizing radiation exposure as a result of diagnostic imaging in patients with lymphoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Survival rates among patients with lymphoma continue to improve. Strategies aimed at reducing potential treatment-related toxicity are increasingly prioritized. While radiological procedures play an important role, ionizing radiation exposure has been linked to an increased risk of malignancy, particularly among individuals whose cumulative radiation exposure exceeds a specific threshold (75 millisieverts).
  
  
  METHODS
  Within this retrospective study, the cumulative radiation exposure dose was quantified for 486 consecutive patients with lymphoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median estimated total cumulative effective dose (CED) of ionizing radiation per subject was 69 mSv (42-118). However, younger patients (under 40 years) had a median CED of 89 mSv (55-124).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights the considerable radiation exposure occurring among patients with lymphoma as a result of diagnostic imaging. To limit the risk of secondary carcinogenesis, consideration should be given to monitoring cumulative radiation exposure in individual patients as well as considering imaging modalities, which do not impart an ionizing radiation dose.
authors: Department of Haematology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland. maeve.crowley@gmail.com.
authors: M P
authors: MP
authors: Crowley
authors: Department of Radiology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.
authors: S B
authors: SB
authors: O'Neill
authors: Department of Haematology, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Kevane
authors: Department of Radiology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.
authors: D C
authors: DC
authors: O'Neill
authors: HRB Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Eustace
authors: Department of Haematology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.
authors: M R
authors: MR
authors: Cahill
authors: Department of Medical Oncology, Bon Secours Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Bird
authors: Department of Radiology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.
authors: M M
authors: MM
authors: Maher
authors: Department of Radiology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: O'Regan
authors: Department of Haematology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: O'Shea
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: Diagnostic imaging; Lymphoma; Radiation