title: One-year follow-up of at-home bleaching in smokers before and after dental prophylaxis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This clinical study evaluated the color longevity after one-year of at-home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) in smokers and nonsmokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients, 30 smokers and 30 non-smokers were subjected to bleaching with 10% CP during three hours daily for three weeks. The color was measured at baseline and one week, one month and one year after the completion of dental bleaching using the spectrophotometer Vita Easyshade (ΔE*), shade guide Vita classical organized by value and Vita Bleachedguide 3D-MASTER (ΔSGU). In the one-year recall, the color was assessed before and after dental prophylaxis with Robinson brush and prophylaxis paste. Data from color evaluation were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test for the contrast of means (α=0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-seven smokers and 28 non-smokers attended the one-year recall. For both study groups, only the main factor assessment time was statistically significant for ΔSGU (Vita classical) and ΔE* (p<0.001). Effective whitening was observed for both groups at baseline, which was stable at one-month and one year after dental prophylaxis. A slight darkening was observed after one year when the color was measured without prophylaxis. For the Vita Bleachedguide 3D-MASTER, color rebound was observed irrespectively of dental prophylaxis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The bleaching with 10% CP remained stable in both groups as long as extrinsic stains from diet and cigarette smoke were removed by professional dental prophylaxis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT02017873.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that the bleaching is effective in smokers even after one-year, but dental prophylaxis may be necessary to remove extrinsic stains caused by diet and smoking.
authors: State University of Ponta Grossa, Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil.
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: de Geus
authors: State University of Ponta Grossa, Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil.
authors: M B
authors: MB
authors: de Lara
authors: State University of Ponta Grossa, Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil.
authors: T A
authors: TA
authors: Hanzen
authors: University of Chile, Restorative Dentistry, Santiago, Chile.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Fernández
authors: State University of Ponta Grossa, Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil.
authors: A D
authors: AD
authors: Loguercio
authors: State University of Ponta Grossa, Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Kossatz
authors: State University of Ponta Grossa, Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil. Electronic address: reis_ale@hotmail.com.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Reis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003777:Dental Prophylaxis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006699:Home Care Services; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: At-home bleaching; Color longevity; Dental prophylaxis; Smokers