title: Baseline Plasma C-Reactive Protein Concentrations and Motor Prognosis in Parkinson Disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  C-reactive protein (CRP), a blood inflammatory biomarker, is associated with the development of Alzheimer disease. In animal models of Parkinson disease (PD), systemic inflammatory stimuli can promote neuroinflammation and accelerate dopaminergic neurodegeneration. However, the association between long-term systemic inflammations and neurodegeneration has not been assessed in PD patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the longitudinal effects of baseline CRP concentrations on motor prognosis in PD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of 375 patients (mean age, 69.3 years; mean PD duration, 6.6 years). Plasma concentrations of high-sensitivity CRP were measured in the absence of infections, and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS-III) scores were measured at five follow-up intervals (Days 1-90, 91-270, 271-450, 451-630, and 631-900).
  
  
  METHODS
  Change of UPDRS-III scores from baseline to each of the five follow-up periods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Change in UPDRS-III scores was significantly greater in PD patients with CRP concentrations ≥0.7 mg/L than in those with CRP concentrations <0.7 mg/L, as determined by a generalized estimation equation model (P = 0.021) for the entire follow-up period and by a generalized regression model (P = 0.030) for the last follow-up interval (Days 631-900). The regression coefficients of baseline CRP for the two periods were 1.41 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.21-2.61) and 2.62 (95% CI 0.25-4.98), respectively, after adjusting for sex, age, baseline UPDRS-III score, dementia, and incremental L-dopa equivalent dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Baseline plasma CRP levels were associated with motor deterioration and predicted motor prognosis in patients with PD. These associations were independent of sex, age, PD severity, dementia, and anti-Parkinsonian agents, suggesting that subclinical systemic inflammations could accelerate neurodegeneration in PD.
authors: Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center, National Hospital of Utano, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Umemura
authors: Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center, National Hospital of Utano, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Tomoko
authors: T
authors: Oeda
authors: Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center, National Hospital of Utano, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Yamamoto
authors: Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center, National Hospital of Utano, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Tomita
authors: Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center, National Hospital of Utano, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Masayuki
authors: M
authors: Kohsaka
authors: Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center, National Hospital of Utano, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Kwiyoung
authors: K
authors: Park
authors: Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center, National Hospital of Utano, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Sugiyama
authors: Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center, National Hospital of Utano, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Hideyuki
authors: H
authors: Sawada
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D002097:C-Reactive Protein