title: Adolescent Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms: Codevelopment of Behavioral and Academic Problems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increasing evidence suggests the existence of heterogeneity in the development of depressive symptoms during adolescence, but little remains known regarding the implications of this heterogeneity for the development of commonly co-occurring problems. In this study, we derived trajectories of depressive symptoms in adolescents and examined the codevelopment of multiple behavioral and academic problems in these trajectories.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 6,910 students from secondary schools primarily located in disadvantaged areas of Quebec (Canada) who were assessed annually from the age 12 to 16 years. Trajectories were identified using growth mixture modeling. The course of behavioral (delinquency, substance use) and academic adjustment (school liking, academic achievement) in trajectories was examined by deriving latent growth curves for each covariate conditional on trajectory membership.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified five trajectories of stable-low (68.1%), increasing (12.1%), decreasing (8.7%), transient (8.7%), and stable-high (2.4%) depressive symptoms. Examination of conditional latent growth curves revealed that the course of behavioral and academic problems closely mirrored the course of depressive symptoms in each trajectory.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pattern of results suggests that the course of depressive symptoms and other adjustment problems over time is likely to involve an important contribution of shared underlying developmental process(es).
authors: École de psychoéducation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada. Electronic address: frederic.nault-briere@umontreal.ca.
authors: Frédéric N
authors: FN
authors: Brière
authors: École de psychoéducation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Institut de Recherche en Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal (IRSPUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada; School Environment Research Group (SERG), Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors: Michel
authors: M
authors: Janosz
authors: École de psychoéducation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Institut de Recherche en Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal (IRSPUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors: Jean-Sébastien
authors: JS
authors: Fallu
authors: École de psychoéducation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Institut de Recherche en Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal (IRSPUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors: Julien
authors: J
authors: Morizot
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D041923:Adolescent Development; D002648:Child; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D057566:Self Report; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Academic adjustment; Adolescence; Delinquency; Depression; Developmental trajectories; Substance use