title: ABC transporter PEN3/PDR8/ABCG36 interacts with calmodulin that, like PEN3, is required for Arabidopsis nonhost resistance.
abstract: Nonhost resistance (NHR) is the most prevalent form of plant immunity. In Arabidopsis, NHR requires membrane-localized ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter PENETRATION (PEN) 3. Upon perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PEN3 becomes phosphorylated, suggestive of PEN3 regulation by post-translational modification. Here, we investigated the PEN3 protein interaction network. We probed the Arabidopsis protein microarray AtPMA-5000 with the N-terminal cytoplasmic domain of PEN3. Several of the proteins identified to interact with PEN3 in vitro represent cellular Ca(2+) sensors, including calmodulin (CaM) 3, CaM7 and several CaM-like proteins, pointing to the importance of Ca(2+) sensing to PEN3-mediated NHR. We demonstrated co-localization of PEN3 and CaM7, and we confirmed PEN3-CaM interaction in vitro and in vivo by PEN3 pull-down with CaM Sepharose, CaM overlay assay and bimolecular fluorescence complementation. We also show that just like in pen3, NHR to the nonadapted fungal pathogens Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei is compromised in the Arabidopsis cam7 and pen3 cam7 mutants. Our study discloses CaM7 as a PEN3-interacting protein crucial to Arabidopsis NHR and emphasizes the importance of Ca(2+) sensing to plant immunity.
authors: Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52056, Germany.
authors: Ruth
authors: R
authors: Campe
authors: Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52056, Germany.
authors: Caspar
authors: C
authors: Langenbach
authors: Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52056, Germany.
authors: Franz
authors: F
authors: Leissing
authors: Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1801, USA.|National Institute for Laser, Plasma & Radiation Physics, Str. Atomistilor, Nr. 409, Magurele, 077125, Bucharest, Romania.
authors: George V
authors: GV
authors: Popescu
authors: Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1801, USA.
authors: Sorina C
authors: SC
authors: Popescu
authors: Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52056, Germany.
authors: Katharina
authors: K
authors: Goellner
authors: Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52056, Germany.
authors: Gerold J M
authors: GJ
authors: Beckers
authors: Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52056, Germany.
authors: Uwe
authors: U
authors: Conrath
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000502:physiology; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000067563:Phakopsora pachyrhizi / Q000502:physiology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D057865:Plant Immunity; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C541275:CaM3 protein, Arabidopsis; C465131:CaM7 protein, Arabidopsis; D002147:Calmodulin; C510424:PDR8 protein, Arabidopsis
keywords: ABC transporter; Arabidopsis protein microarrays; CaM7; PDR8; PEN3; Phakopsora pachyrhizi; calmodulin; nonhost resistance