title: Acute predictors for mortality after severe TBI in Spain: Gender differences and clinical data.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The main objective of this study is to determine whether gender affects global mortality and functional outcome after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective cohort study included 629 patients with severe TBI (14.9% female) admitted to the ICU of a university hospital. Patients were split into gender groups to study potential differences in global mortality and functional outcome at ICU discharge and 6 months post-trauma using the GOS. The following variables were analysed: age, intracranial injury, injury mechanism, injury severity, factors contributing to secondary brain injury, monitoring level, treatment, complications, length of stay in the ICU and cause of death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences were found between gender groups in neuromonitoring level or surgical procedures. Women had higher APACHE II scores, a higher incidence of pre-hospital hypotension, anaemia and transfusion and higher mortality rates in the ICU (OR = 1.74; 95% CI = 1.09-2.77) and 6 months post-trauma (OR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.02-2.67). There were no significant differences in functional outcome at ICU discharge or 6 months post-injury. The multivariate analysis did not show gender as an independent predictive factor in mortality after severe TBI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, gender was not found to be an independent predictor for poorer outcome after severe TBI.
authors: a Neurocritical Care Unit, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital , Seville , Spain .
authors: M C
authors: MC
authors: Herrera-Melero
authors: a Neurocritical Care Unit, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital , Seville , Spain .|b IBiS/CSIC University of Seville , Seville , Spain .
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Egea-Guerrero
authors: b IBiS/CSIC University of Seville , Seville , Spain .|c Department Preventive Medicine and Public Health , University of Seville , Seville , Spain , and.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Vilches-Arenas
authors: a Neurocritical Care Unit, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital , Seville , Spain .
authors: M D
authors: MD
authors: Rincón-Ferrari
authors: a Neurocritical Care Unit, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital , Seville , Spain .
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Flores-Cordero
authors: d Human Neuropsychology Lab, University of Seville, Center for Brain Injury Rehabilitation (CRECER) , Seville , Spain.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: León-Carrión
authors: a Neurocritical Care Unit, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital , Seville , Spain .|b IBiS/CSIC University of Seville , Seville , Spain .
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Murillo-Cabezas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000401:mortality*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D023261:Glasgow Outcome Scale; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013030:Spain; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Death; emergency care; gender; head injury; neurocritical care; outcome; traumatic brain injury