title: Immunomodulatory potential of a brewers' spent grain protein hydrolysate incorporated into low-fat milk following in vitro gastrointestinal digestion.
abstract: Brewers' spent grain (BSG) protein rich fraction was previously hydrolysed using Alcalase (U) and three additional fractions were prepared by membrane fractionation; a 5-kDa retentate (U > 5), a 5-kDa permeate (U < 5) and a 3-kDa permeate (U < 3). In the present study, these fractions were added to milk, subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID) and their anti-inflammatory potential was investigated. The digestates caused a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in interleukin-6 (IL-6) production in Concanavalin-A (ConA)-stimulated Jurkat T cells. The samples did not significantly alter the production of IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. IL-2 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production in stimulated Jurkat T cells and IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production in stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were not affected in the presence of the digestates. Results show that a SGID milk product supplemented with BSG hydrolysate and its associated ultrafiltered fractions can confer anti-inflammatory effects in Jurkat T cells.
authors: a School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork , Cork , Ireland and.
authors: Damian
authors: D
authors: Crowley
authors: a School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork , Cork , Ireland and.
authors: Yvonne
authors: Y
authors: O'Callaghan
authors: a School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork , Cork , Ireland and.
authors: Aoife
authors: A
authors: McCarthy
authors: b Department of Life Sciences , University of Limerick , Limerick , Ireland.
authors: Alan
authors: A
authors: Connolly
authors: b Department of Life Sciences , University of Limerick , Limerick , Ireland.
authors: Charles O
authors: CO
authors: Piggott
authors: b Department of Life Sciences , University of Limerick , Limerick , Ireland.
authors: Richard J
authors: RJ
authors: FitzGerald
authors: a School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork , Cork , Ireland and.
authors: Nora M
authors: NM
authors: O'Brien
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004063:Digestion; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry*; D005526:Food, Formulated; D005527:Food, Fortified / Q000032:analysis; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D051379:Mice; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates
keywords: Bioactive; brewers’ spent grain; low-fat milk; protein hydrolysate; ultrafiltration