title: Hepatitis E Virus in Cambodia: Prevalence among the General Population and Complete Genome Sequence of Genotype 4.
abstract: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a growing public health problem in many countries. In this study, we investigated HEV seroprevalence among the general population in the Siem Reap province, Cambodia, and performed HEV genetic analysis with the aim to develop an HEV prevention strategy. This seroepidemiological cross-sectional study conducted from 2010 to 2014 included 868 participants from four different locations in Siem Reap province, Cambodia. They answered questionnaires and provided blood samples for the analysis of hepatitis virus infections. Among the participants (360 men and 508 women; age range, 7-90 years), the prevalence of anti-HEV IgG was 18.4% (95% confidence interval: 15.9-21.0); HEV RNA was detected in two participants (0.23%) and was classified as genotype 3 and 4. Full-length genome of the genotype 4 isolate, CVS-Sie10, was sequenced; it contained 7,222 nucleotides and three ORFs and demonstrated high sequence identity with the swine China isolates swGX40 (95.57%), SS19 (94.37%), and swDQ (91.94%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that men, elderly people, and house workers were risk groups significantly associated with the positivity for anti-HEV IgG. This is the first report on the detection of HEV genotype 4 in humans in Cambodia and on the complete genome sequence of HEV genotype 4 from this country. Our study demonstrates that new HEV infection cases occur frequently among the general population in Cambodia, and effective preventive measures are required.
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors: Hiroko
authors: H
authors: Yamada
authors: Department of Medical Sciences, Toshiba General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Kazuaki
authors: K
authors: Takahashi
authors: Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
authors: Olline
authors: O
authors: Lim
authors: Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
authors: Somana
authors: S
authors: Svay
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors: Channarena
authors: C
authors: Chuon
authors: Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
authors: Sirany
authors: S
authors: Hok
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Binh Thuan Medical College, Phan Thiet City, Binh Thuan Province, Vietnam.
authors: Son Huy
authors: SH
authors: Do
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors: Mayumi
authors: M
authors: Fujimoto
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors: Tomoyuki
authors: T
authors: Akita
authors: Department of Management Studies, Graduate School of Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors: Noboru
authors: N
authors: Goto
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors: Keiko
authors: K
authors: Katayama
authors: Department of Medical Sciences, Toshiba General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Masahiro
authors: M
authors: Arai
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors: Junko
authors: J
authors: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002160:Cambodia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D016679:Genome, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies / Q000378:metabolism*; D016751:Hepatitis E / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D016752:Hepatitis E virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA / Q000379:methods*; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies