title: Body composition and resting metabolic rate of perimenopausal women using continuous progestogen contraception.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effect on body composition and in particular on fat mass (FM) of 12 months' use of a desogestrel (DSG)-only contraceptive pill or the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) was evaluated in women in the perimenopause.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational study comprised 102 perimenopausal women: 42 received a 75 μg DSG pill, 34 received the 52 mg LNG-IUS, and 26 received no treatment. Body composition, body weight and resting metabolic rate (RMR) were evaluated at baseline and again after 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FM did not change in the control group (- 0.5 ± 1.6%) but significantly increased in the LNG-IUS group (+ 1.1 ± 2.9%; p = 0.02 vs. controls) and in the DSG group (+ 2.8 ± 3.5%; p = 0.0001 vs. controls; p = 0.02 vs. LNG-IUS). Women treated with DSG or the LNG-IUS showed a non-significant increase in body weight, body mass index and waist circumference. RMR did not significantly vary in the control group (- 3.8 ± 292.9 kJ/ 24 h) and tended to decrease but not significantly in the LNG-IUS (115.5 ± 531.8 kJ/ 24 h) and DSG groups (305.9 ± 556.9 kJ/24 h).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this preliminary study seem to indicate that in perimenopausal women continuous use of the DSG-only pill and to a lesser extent the LNG-IUS may favour FM accumulation.
authors: a * Department of Obstetrics , Gynecology and Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Modena , Modena , Italy.
authors: Antonella
authors: A
authors: Napolitano
authors: a * Department of Obstetrics , Gynecology and Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Modena , Modena , Italy.
authors: Renata
authors: R
authors: Zanin
authors: a * Department of Obstetrics , Gynecology and Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Modena , Modena , Italy.
authors: Federica
authors: F
authors: Palma
authors: a * Department of Obstetrics , Gynecology and Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Modena , Modena , Italy.
authors: Cecilia
authors: C
authors: Romani
authors: a * Department of Obstetrics , Gynecology and Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Modena , Modena , Italy.
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Grandi
authors: b Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy.
authors: Costantino
authors: C
authors: Di Carlo
authors: a * Department of Obstetrics , Gynecology and Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Modena , Modena , Italy.
authors: Angelo
authors: A
authors: Cagnacci
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects*; D001481:Basal Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects*; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017135:Desogestrel / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007434:Intrauterine Devices; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D047648:Perimenopause; D011372:Progestins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D011372:Progestins; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D017135:Desogestrel
keywords: Body composition; Body weight; Desogestrel; Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system; Perimenopause; Progestogen-only pill