title: Genetic Record for a Recent Invasion of Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Asia.
abstract: The cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley is an emerging invasive insect pest. Since its first report as a pest in the United States in 1991, it has invaded and colonized more than 23 countries over the past century. It was first recorded from Pakistan in 2006 and from China in 2008. In this study, we performed field surveys from 2010 to 2012 and obtained mtCOI sequences from specimens across China and Pakistan, then compared them with already available mtCOI sequences from additional Asian and North American countries. Our genetic analysis provides evidence that P. solenopsis should be classified into two groups, one of which is found only in the United States, and the other found only in Asia. The Asian group contains nine unique haplotypes, two of which have invaded and spread across China, Pakistan, India, and Vietnam over the last 4-6 yr. Our genetic analysis also indicates that P. solenopsis has a close relationship with the parasitoid wasp Aenasius bambawalei Hayat, providing preliminary evidence of a congruent spread of this mealybug and its parasitoids across China.
authors: Plant Quarantine Laboratory, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, No. 66 Huacheng Ave., Guangzhou 510623, People's Republic of China Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280th St., Homestead, FL 33031, USA *These two authors contributed equally to this work. majmail@163.com.
authors: Muhammad Z
authors: MZ
authors: Ahmed
authors: Plant Quarantine Laboratory, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, No. 66 Huacheng Ave., Guangzhou 510623, People's Republic of China *These two authors contributed equally to this work. majmail@163.com.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Ma
authors: Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors: Bao-Li
authors: BL
authors: Qiu
authors: Plant Quarantine Laboratory, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, No. 66 Huacheng Ave., Guangzhou 510623, People's Republic of China.
authors: Ri-Rong
authors: RR
authors: He
authors: Plant Quarantine Laboratory, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, No. 66 Huacheng Ave., Guangzhou 510623, People's Republic of China.
authors: Mu-Tao
authors: MT
authors: Wu
authors: Plant Quarantine Laboratory, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, No. 66 Huacheng Ave., Guangzhou 510623, People's Republic of China.
authors: Fan
authors: F
authors: Liang
authors: Plant Quarantine Laboratory, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, No. 66 Huacheng Ave., Guangzhou 510623, People's Republic of China.
authors: Ju-Peng
authors: JP
authors: Zhao
authors: Plant Quarantine Laboratory, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, No. 66 Huacheng Ave., Guangzhou 510623, People's Republic of China.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Lin
authors: Plant Quarantine Laboratory, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, No. 66 Huacheng Ave., Guangzhou 510623, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xue-Nan
authors: XN
authors: Hu
authors: Institute of plant protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 510640 Guangzhou, China.
authors: Li-Hua
authors: LH
authors: Lv
authors: Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
authors: Jesse W
authors: JW
authors: Breinholt
authors: Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors: Yong-Yue
authors: YY
authors: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000469:parasitology*; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D058865:Introduced Species; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010154:Pakistan; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014863:Wasps / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV
keywords: China; India; cotton; genetic variation; haplotype