title: Regulatory Effect of Catalpol on Th1/Th2 cells in Mice with Bone Loss Induced by Estrogen Deficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Estradiol (E2 ) deficiency can cause bone loss and the skew of Th1/Th2 cells. However, the correlation between the Th1/Th2 cells and the bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency remains unclear. Our aim was to investigate the role of Th1/Th2 in bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency and elucidated the therapeutical effect of catalpol in this condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Young, sham-operated (Sham), ovariectomized (Ovx), and naturally aged mice, treated with catalpol at different doses or control vehicle, were used in this study as indicated in each experiment. ELISA assay, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and flow cytometry were used to analyze E2 , C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (CTx-I), bone mineral density (BMD), and Th1/Th2 subsets, respectively. The mRNA and protein expressions of specific transcription factors for Th1/Th2 cells (T-bet and GATA-3) were analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bone mineral density and E2 levels positively correlated with the proportion of Th2 subset while negatively correlated with that of Th1 subset and the ratio of Th1/Th2. Catalpol alleviated bone loss effectively by regulating Th1/Th2 polarization. Catalpol promoted the expression of Th2-specific transcription factors while inhibited that associated with Th1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Th1/Th2 skew is involved in bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency. Catalpol alleviates bone loss effectively by regulating Th1/Th2 paradigm.
authors: Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.|Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.|Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Disease, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.|School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Jinan University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors: Nannan
authors: N
authors: Lai
authors: Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China.
authors: Jianhai
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
authors: Xingyan
authors: X
authors: Ma
authors: Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Wang
authors: Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
authors: Xiuming
authors: X
authors: Miao
authors: Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.|Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Disease, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
authors: Zhaoxia
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.|Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Disease, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
authors: Yuqi
authors: Y
authors: Guo
authors: Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.|Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Disease, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.|Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Disease, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
authors: Chengfang
authors: C
authors: Yao
authors: Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.|Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.|Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Disease, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
authors: Xia
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.|Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Disease, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
authors: Guosheng
authors: G
authors: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D032267:Rehmannia / Q000276:immunology; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D058408:Th1-Th2 Balance / Q000187:drug effects; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D000098815:T-bet Transcription Factor
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D000098815:T-bet Transcription Factor; C078040:catalpol; D004958:Estradiol
keywords: Bone loss; Catalpol; Th1/Th2 skew; cytokine; estrogen deficiency; transcription factors