title: Diversity of exophillic acid derivatives in strains of an endophytic Exophiala sp.
abstract: Members of the fungal genus Exophiala are common saprobes in soil and water environments, opportunistic pathogens of animals, or endophytes in plant roots. Their ecological versatility could imply a capacity to produce diverse secondary metabolites, but only a few studies have aimed at characterizing their chemical profiles. Here, we assessed the secondary metabolites produced by five Exophiala sp. strains of a particular phylotype, isolated from roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum growing in different European localities. Exophillic acid and two previously undescribed compounds were isolated from these strains, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods using MS, 1D and 2D NMR. Bioassays revealed a weak activity of these compounds against disease-causing protozoa and mammalian cells. In addition, 18 related structures were identified by UPLC/MS based on comparisons with the isolated structures. Three Exophiala strains produced derivatives containing a β-d-glucopyranoside moiety, and their colony morphology was distinct from the other two strains, which produced derivatives lacking β-d-glucopyranoside. Whether the chemical/morphological strain types represent variants of the same genotype or independent genetic populations within Exophiala remains to be evaluated.
authors: Merck Stiftungsprofessur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors: Zakaria
authors: Z
authors: Cheikh-Ali
authors: Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors: Kyriaki
authors: K
authors: Glynou
authors: Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors: Tahir
authors: T
authors: Ali
authors: Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors: Sebastian
authors: S
authors: Ploch
authors: Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Parasite Chemotherapy, Socinstrasse 57, P.O. Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
authors: Marcel
authors: M
authors: Kaiser
authors: Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Thines
authors: Merck Stiftungsprofessur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Electronic address: h.bode@bio.uni-frankfurt.de.
authors: Helge B
authors: HB
authors: Bode
authors: Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Electronic address: maciavicente@em.uni-frankfurt.de.
authors: Jose G
authors: JG
authors: Maciá-Vicente
mesh_terms: D001565:Benzoates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D060026:Endophytes / Q000737:chemistry*; D005093:Exophiala / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D005658:Fungi / Q000378:metabolism; D005697:Galactosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; D005697:Galactosides; C484148:exophillic acid
keywords: Endophytes; Exophiala sp.; Exophillic acid; Fungi; Microthlaspi perfoliatum; Secondary metabolites