title: Downstream Processing, Formulation Development and Antithrombotic Evaluation of Microbial Nattokinase.
abstract: The present research work describes the downstreaming of nattokinase (NK) produced by Bacillus subtilis under solid state fermentation; and the role of efficient oral formulation of purified NK in the management of thrombotic disorders. Molecular weight of purified NK was estimated to be 28 kDa with specific activity of 504.4 FU/mg. Acid stable nattokinase loaded chitosan nanoparticles (sNLCN) were fabricated for oral delivery of this enzyme. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to investigate and validate the effect of process (independent) variables on the quality attributes (dependent variables) of nanoparticles. The integrity, conformational stability and preservation of fibrinolytic activity of NK (in both free and sNLCN forms) were established by SDS-PAGE, CD analysis and in vitro clot lytic examination, respectively. A 'tail thrombosis model' demonstrated significant decrease in frequency of thrombosis in Wistar rats upon peroral administration of sNLCN in comparison with negative control and free NK group. Furthermore, coagulation analysis, namely the measurement of prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time illustrated that sNLCN showed significantly (p < 0.001) higher anti-thrombotic potential in comparison to the free NK. Further, sNLCN showed anti-thrombotic profile similar to warfarin. This study signifies the potential of sNLCN in oral delivery of NK for the management of thrombotic disorders.
authors: Rohit
authors: R
authors: Kapoor
authors: Harshad
authors: H
authors: Harde
authors: Sanyog
authors: S
authors: Jain
authors: Amulya Kumar
authors: AK
authors: Panda
authors: Bibhu Prasad
authors: BP
authors: Panda
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000201:enzymology*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004058:Diffusion; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013381:Subtilisins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D053769:Nanocapsules; D013381:Subtilisins; C053771:nattokinase