title: Efficacy of a Multicomponent Positive Psychology Self-Help Intervention: Study Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Positive psychology interventions have been found to enhance well-being and decrease clinical symptomatology. However, it is still unknown how flourishing can also be increased. Although multicomponent interventions seem to be necessary for this purpose, different formats can be used. A cost-effective approach could be a positive psychology-based self-help book with tailored email support to reach large target groups and to prevent dropout.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study will evaluate the efficacy of a comprehensive multicomponent self-help intervention with or without email support on well-being and flourishing, and will seek to determine the working mechanisms underlying the intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this 3-armed, parallel, randomized controlled trial, 396 participants with low or moderate levels of well-being and without clinical symptomatology will be randomly assigned to (1) a self-help book condition with weekly email support, (2) a self-help book condition without email support but with a weekly information email, or (3) a waiting list control condition. Online measurements will be assessed at baseline, at post-test (3 months after baseline), and at 6 and 12 months after baseline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary outcomes are well-being and flourishing (ie, high levels of well-being). Secondary outcomes are the well-being components included in the intervention: positive emotion, use of strengths, optimism, self-compassion, resilience, and positive relations. Other measures include depressive and anxiety symptoms, personality traits, direct medical and non-medical costs, life-events, and client satisfaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study will add knowledge to the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a multicomponent positive psychology intervention. We will also explore who can benefit most from this intervention. If the intervention is found to be effective, our results will be especially relevant for public mental health services, governments, and primary care.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The Netherlands Trial Register NTR4297; http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=4297 (Archived by WebCite at http://webcitation.org/6Uwb5SUUM).
authors: Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, Netherlands. m.schotanus@utwente.nl.
authors: Marijke
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6506-5599
authors: M
authors: Schotanus-Dijkstra
authors: Constance Hc
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7083-3169
authors: CH
authors: Drossaert
authors: Marcel E
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6900-3088
authors: ME
authors: Pieterse
authors: Jan A
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8161-0414
authors: JA
authors: Walburg
authors: Ernst T
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7861-1245
authors: ET
authors: Bohlmeijer
keywords: email support; flourishing; mental-health promotion; positive psychology; self-help; well-being