title: Antiviral immunity in marine molluscs.
abstract: Marine molluscs, like all living organisms, are constantly exposed to viruses and have evolved efficient antiviral defences. We review here recent developments in molluscan antiviral immunity against viruses belonging to the order Herpesvirales. Emerging results suggest an interferon-like response and autophagy are involved in the antiviral defence of bivalves to viral infection. Multi-functional plasma proteins from gastropods and bivalves have been identified to have broad-spectrum antiviral activity against mammalian viruses. The antiviral defences present in molluscs can be enhanced by genetic selection, as shown by the presence of oyster strains specifically resistant to ostreid herpesvirus type 1. Whether varying amounts or different isoforms of these antiviral plasma proteins contributes to genetic resistance is worthy of further research. Other evolutionarily conserved antiviral mechanisms, such as RNA interference and apoptosis, still need further characterization.
authors: Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia.|Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
authors: Timothy J
authors: TJ
authors: Green
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.|Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Raftos
authors: School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Speck
authors: IFREMER, IHPE UMR 5244, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France.
authors: Caroline
authors: C
authors: Montagnani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D007109:Immunity; D008974:Mollusca / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*