title: Coxsackievirus B3 induces autophagy in HeLa cells via the AMPK/MEK/ERK and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways.
abstract: In a previous study, the number of autophagosomes increased after coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection. However, the exact mechanism by which CVB3 regulates the number of autophagosomes is unclear. Earlier studies have found that infection with CVB3 activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). ERK is essential for CVB3 replication and can increase the number of autophagosomes. In the current study, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 was activated in HeLa cells after CVB3 infection. The ERK kinase inhibitor, U0126, was then used to inhibit the activity of ERK. Treatment with U0126 led to a significant reduction in the number of autophagosomes indicating that the CVB3-induced autophagosome accumulation may have occurred via the ERK pathway. The relationship between CVB3 infection and ERK pathway activation was also investigated. The results showed that the RasGAP protein could be further cleaved, leading to the activation of the Ras/Raf/MEK (mitogen/extracellular signal-regulated kinase)/ERK pathway and that CVB3 infection could result in an increase in the concentration of calcium in the cytoplasm, resulting in mitochondrial damage, a decrease in the concentration of ATP and activation of the AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase)/MEK/ERK pathway. In summary, CVB3 might directly or indirectly induce autophagy via AMPK/MEK/ERK and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways in the host cells, representing a pivotal mechanism for CVB3 pathogenesis.
authors: Department of Molecular Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, China.
authors: Le
authors: L
authors: Xin
authors: Department of Molecular Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, China.
authors: Xiaolin
authors: X
authors: Ma
authors: Department of Molecular Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, China.
authors: Zonghui
authors: Z
authors: Xiao
authors: Department of Molecular Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, China. Electronic address: helen919@163.com.
authors: Hailan
authors: H
authors: Yao
authors: Department of Molecular Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, China. Electronic address: bjzheweiliu@163.com.
authors: Zhewei
authors: Z
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D001343:Autophagy; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D029822:Enterovirus B, Human / Q000502:physiology*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D010588:Phagosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D048490:raf Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D048490:raf Kinases; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D018631:ras Proteins; D002118:Calcium
keywords: AMPK; Autophagy; Coxsackievirus; ERK; RasGAP