title: Nanostructured lipid system as a strategy to improve the anti-Candida albicans activity of Astronium sp.
abstract: The genus Astronium (Anacardiaceae) includes species, such as Astronium fraxinifolium, Astronium graveolens, and Astronium urundeuva, which possess anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcerogenic, healing, and antimicrobial properties. Nanostructured lipid systems are able to potentiate the action of plant extracts, reducing the required dose and side effects and improving antimicrobial activity. This work aims to evaluate a nanostructured lipid system that was developed as a strategy to improve the anti-Candida albicans activity of hydroethanolic extracts of stems and leaves from Astronium sp. The antifungal activity against C. albicans (ATCC 18804) was evaluated in vitro by a microdilution technique. In addition to the in vitro assays, the Astronium sp. that showed the best antifungal activity and selectivity index was submitted to an in vivo assay using a model of vulvovaginal candidiasis infection. In these assays, the extracts were either used alone or were incorporated into the nanostructured lipid system (comprising 10% oil phase, 10% surfactant, and 80% aqueous phase). The results indicated a minimal inhibitory concentration of 125.00 µg/mL before incorporation into the nanostructured system; this activity was even more enhanced when this extract presented a minimal inhibitory concentration of 15.62 µg/mL after its incorporation. In vivo assay dates showed that the nanostructure-incorporated extract of A. urundeuva leaves was more effective than both the unincorporated extract and the antifungal positive control (amphotericin B). These results suggest that this nanostructured lipid system can be used in a strategy to improve the in vitro and in vivo anti-C. albicans activity of hydroethanolic extracts of Astronium sp.
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Bruna Vidal
authors: BV
authors: Bonifácio
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Matheus Aparecido dos Santos
authors: MA
authors: Ramos
authors: Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Patrícia Bento
authors: PB
authors: da Silva
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Kamila Maria Silveira
authors: KM
authors: Negri
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Érica
authors: É
authors: de Oliveira Lopes
authors: Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Leonardo Perez
authors: LP
authors: de Souza
authors: Coastal Campus of São Vicente, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Wagner
authors: W
authors: Vilegas
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Fernando Rogério
authors: FR
authors: Pavan
authors: Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Marlus
authors: M
authors: Chorilli
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Taís Maria
authors: TM
authors: Bauab
mesh_terms: D027926:Anacardiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects*; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: anticandidal activity; microdilution; microemulsion; plant extract; vulvovaginal candidiasis