title: Naringin ameliorates cognitive deficits via oxidative stress, proinflammatory factors and the PPARγ signaling pathway in a type 2 diabetic rat model.
abstract: Naringenin is a flavonoid polyphenolic compound, which facilitates the removal of free radicals, oxidative stress and inflammation. The present study aimed to obtain a better understanding of the effects of curcumin on the regulation of diabetes‑associated cognitive decline, and its underlying mechanisms. An experimental diabetes mellitus (DM) rat model was induced by streptozoticin (50 mg/kg). Following treatment with naringin (100 and 200 mg/kg) for 16 weeks, the body weight and blood glucose levels of the DM rats were measured. A morris water maze test was used to analyze the effects of naringin on the cognitive deficit of the DM rats. The levels of oxidative stress, proinflammatory factors, caspase‑3 and caspase‑9, and the protein expression of peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ (PPARγ) were quantified in the DM rats using a commercially‑available kit and western blot assay, respectively. In addition, a GW9662 PPARγ inhibitor (0.3 mg/kg) was administered to the DM rats to determine whether PPARγ affected the effects of naringin on the cognitive deficit of the DM rats. The results demonstrated that naringin increased the body weight, blood glucose levels, and cognitive deficits of the DM rats. The levels of oxidative stress and proinflammatory factors in the naringin‑treated rats were significantly lower, compared with those of the DM rats. In addition, naringin activated the protein expression of PPARγ, and administration of the PPARγ inhibitor decreased the protein expression of PPARγ, and attenuated the effects of naringin on cognitive deficit. The results also demonstrated that naringin decreased the expression levels of caspase‑3 and caspase‑9 in the DM rats. These results suggested that naringin ameliorated cognitive deficits via oxidative stress, proinflammatory factors and the PPARγ signaling pathway in the type 2 diabetic rat model. Furthermore, oxidative stress, proinflammatory factors and PPARγ signaling may be involved in mediating these effects.
authors: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China.
authors: Zhonghua
authors: Z
authors: Qi
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China.
authors: Yinghui
authors: Y
authors: Xu
authors: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China.
authors: Zhanhua
authors: Z
authors: Liang
authors: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China.
authors: Sheng
authors: S
authors: Li
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China.
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China.
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Wei
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China.
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Dong
mesh_terms: D000813:Anilides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D044950:Flavanones / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C457499:2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide; D000813:Anilides; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016207:Cytokines; D044950:Flavanones; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; C005274:naringin