title: Trajectory and Predictors of Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Mothers With the FMR1 Premutation.
abstract: Although the FMR1 premutation is associated with elevated prevalence of psychiatric disorders, the longitudinal course of symptoms has not been established. The present study followed a sample of women with the FMR1 premutation to characterize the incidence, stability, and predictors of mood and anxiety disorders across a 3-year period.
  
  
  
  Participants included 83 women with the FMR1 premutation (mean age = 38.35) who completed the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders at two time points, 3 years apart. Additional information was obtained regarding demographic, child, and biomedical (e.g., medication, menopause, CGG repeats) factors.
  
  
  
  We found increased prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders over time, with adverse outcomes predicted by complex interactions among biological, behavioral, and environmental risk factors. Lifetime MDD increased from 46% to 54% and lifetime anxiety disorders increased from 28% to 35%. Midrange CGG repeats, elevated child problem behaviors, and divorced marital status conveyed elevated risk for psychiatric diagnoses. Primary ovarian insufficiency was highly prevalent (41%) but did not account for elevated rates of psychiatric diagnoses. Medication use was highly reported (41%), particularly in women with MDD or anxiety, with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors reported as the most commonly used medication across diagnostic groups.
  
  
  
  The elevated prevalence of depression and anxiety in women with the FMR1 premutation is a clear and pressing concern given the frequent occurrence of the FMR1 premutation in the general community and the adverse outcomes-at both individual and systems levels-associated with psychiatric disorders in this population.
authors: Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina. Electronic address: Jane.Roberts@sc.edu.
authors: Jane E
authors: JE
authors: Roberts
authors: Department of Psychology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
authors: Bridgette L
authors: BL
authors: Tonnsen
authors: Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
authors: Lindsay M
authors: LM
authors: McCary
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
authors: Amy L
authors: AL
authors: Ford
authors: School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
authors: Robert N
authors: RN
authors: Golden
authors: RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
authors: Donald B
authors: DB
authors: Bailey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1; C497683:FMR1 protein, human
keywords: Anxiety; Depression; FMR1 premutation; Fragile X; Longitudinal