title: A biochar application protects rice pollen from high-temperature stress.
abstract: The influences of high temperature and fertilization with biochar and phosphorus (P) on the pollen characteristics of two rice cultivars (IR-64 and Huanghuazhan) were examined in controlled growth chambers. Temperature treatments included high daytime temperature (HDT), high nighttime temperature (HNT) and ambient temperature (AT). The fertilization treatments were control, biochar alone, P alone and biochar + P. High temperature severely reduced pollen fertility, anther dehiscence, pollen retention and pollen germination of both rice cultivars, with HNT more destructive than HDT. The Huanghuazhan cultivar performed better than IR-64 under high temperature, with higher pollen fertility, better anther dehiscence and greater pollen retention and germination rates. In both cultivars, the pollen of plants treated with biochar + P were more resistant to heat induced stress. Further studies are needed to test the ability of biochar to ameliorate the effects of different abiotic stresses in rice and other crops.
authors: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors: Shah
authors: S
authors: Fahad
authors: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors: Saddam
authors: S
authors: Hussain
authors: Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
authors: Shah
authors: S
authors: Saud
authors: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors: Mohsin
authors: M
authors: Tanveer
authors: Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors: Ali Ahsan
authors: AA
authors: Bajwa
authors: Department of Agricultural Extension, Agricultural University Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
authors: Shah
authors: S
authors: Hassan
authors: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors: Adnan Noor
authors: AN
authors: Shah
authors: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors: Abid
authors: A
authors: Ullah
authors: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors: Chao
authors: C
authors: Wu
authors: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors: Faheem Ahmed
authors: FA
authors: Khan
authors: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
authors: Farooq
authors: F
authors: Shah
authors: Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
authors: Sami
authors: S
authors: Ullah
authors: Horticulture College of Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
authors: Yajun
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Hubei, China. Electronic address: jhuang@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors: Jianliang
authors: J
authors: Huang
mesh_terms: D002606:Charcoal; D006358:Hot Temperature; D012275:Oryza / Q000502:physiology*; D011058:Pollen / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C540010:biochar; D002606:Charcoal
keywords: Anther dehiscence; Biochar; High temperature; Phosphorus fertilization; Pollen fertility