title: Dietary carbohydrate and lipid source affect cholesterol metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles.
abstract: Plant feedstuffs (PF) are rich in carbohydrates, which may interact with lipid metabolism. Thus, when considering dietary replacement of fishery by-products with PF, knowledge is needed on how dietary lipid source (LS) and carbohydrates affect lipid metabolism and other metabolic pathways. For that purpose, a 73-d growth trial was performed with European sea bass juveniles (IBW 74 g) fed four diets differing in LS (fish oil (FO) or a blend of vegetable oils (VO)) and carbohydrate content (0 % (CH-) or 20 % (CH+) gelatinised starch). At the end of the trial no differences among diets were observed on growth and feed utilisation. Protein efficiency ratio was, however, higher in the CH+ groups. Muscle and liver fatty acid profiles reflected the dietary LS. Dietary carbohydrate promoted higher plasma cholesterol and phospholipids (PL), whole-body and hepatic (mainly 16 : 0) lipids and increased muscular and hepatic glycogen. Except for PL, which were higher in the FO groups, no major alterations between FO and VO groups were observed on plasma metabolites (glucose, TAG, cholesterol, PL), liver and muscle glycogen, and lipid and cholesterol contents. Activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme - lipogenesis-related enzymes - increased with carbohydrate intake. Hepatic expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism was up-regulated with carbohydrate (HMGCR and CYP3A27) and VO (HMGCR and CYP51A1) intake. No dietary regulation of long-chain PUFA biosynthesis at the transcriptional level was observed. Overall, very few interactions between dietary carbohydrates and LS were observed. However, important insights on the direct relation between dietary carbohydrate and the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway in European sea bass were demonstrated.
authors: 1CIMAR/CIIMAR-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental,Universidade do Porto,Porto 4050-123,Portugal.
authors: Carolina
authors: C
authors: Castro
authors: 3INRA,UR1067 Nutrition Metabolism Aquaculture,Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle F-64310,France.
authors: Geneviève
authors: G
authors: Corraze
authors: 1CIMAR/CIIMAR-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental,Universidade do Porto,Porto 4050-123,Portugal.
authors: Amalia
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9971-8623
authors: A
authors: Pérez-Jiménez
authors: 3INRA,UR1067 Nutrition Metabolism Aquaculture,Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle F-64310,France.
authors: Laurence
authors: L
authors: Larroquet
authors: 3INRA,UR1067 Nutrition Metabolism Aquaculture,Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle F-64310,France.
authors: Marianne
authors: M
authors: Cluzeaud
authors: 3INRA,UR1067 Nutrition Metabolism Aquaculture,Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle F-64310,France.
authors: Stéphane
authors: S
authors: Panserat
authors: 1CIMAR/CIIMAR-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental,Universidade do Porto,Porto 4050-123,Portugal.
authors: Aires
authors: A
authors: Oliva-Teles
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001492:Bass / Q000378:metabolism*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005941:Glucokinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D010729:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP) / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011770:Pyruvate Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013213:Starch / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005395:Fish Oils; D010938:Plant Oils; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014280:Triglycerides; D013213:Starch; D002784:Cholesterol; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases; D005941:Glucokinase; D011770:Pyruvate Kinase; D010729:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP)
keywords: Carbohydrates; Cholesterol; FA fatty acid; FAS fatty acid synthase; FM fishmeal; FO fish oil; G6PDH glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; GK glucokinase; Gene expression; LC-PUFA long-chain PUFA; LS lipid source; Lipid source; Metabolism; PEPCK phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; PF plant feedstuff; PL phospholipid; VO vegetable oil