title: Antibody-based exosite inhibitors of ADAMTS-5 (aggrecanase-2).
abstract: Adamalysin-like metalloproteinases with thrombospondin (TS) motifs (ADAMTS)-5 is the multi-domain metalloproteinase that most potently degrades aggrecan proteoglycan in the cartilage and its activity is implicated in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). To generate specific exosite inhibitors for it, we screened a phage display antibody library in the presence of the zinc-chelating active site-directed inhibitor GM6001 (Ilomastat) and isolated four highly selective inhibitory antibodies. Two antibodies were mapped to react with exosites in the catalytic/disintegrin domains (Cat/Dis) of the enzyme, one in the TS domain and one in the spacer domain (Sp). The antibody reacting with the Sp blocked the enzyme action only when aggrecan or the Escherichia coli-expressed aggrecan core protein were substrates, but not against a peptide substrate. The study with this antibody revealed the importance of the Sp for effective aggrecanolytic activity of ADAMTS-5 and that this domain does not interact with sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) but with the protein moiety of the proteoglycan. An antibody directed against the Cat/Dis of ADAMTS-5 was effective in a cell-based model of aggrecan degradation; however, the anti-Sp antibody was ineffective. Western blot analysis of endogenous ADAMTS-5 expressed by human chondrocytes showed the presence largely of truncated forms of ADAMTS-5, thus explaining the lack of efficacy of the anti-Sp antibody. The possibility of ADAMTS-5 truncation must then be taken into account when considering developing anti-ancillary domain antibodies for therapeutic purposes.
authors: Kennedy institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, U.K. Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 65 Aspenlea Road, London W6 8LH, U.K.
authors: Salvatore
authors: S
authors: Santamaria
authors: Kennedy institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, U.K.
authors: Kazuhiro
authors: K
authors: Yamamoto
authors: Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, U.K.
authors: Kenneth
authors: K
authors: Botkjaer
authors: Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, U.K.
authors: Christopher
authors: C
authors: Tape
authors: IONTAS Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K.
authors: Michael R
authors: MR
authors: Dyson
authors: IONTAS Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: McCafferty
authors: Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, U.K.
authors: Gillian
authors: G
authors: Murphy
authors: Kennedy institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, U.K. Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 65 Aspenlea Road, London W6 8LH, U.K. hideaki.nagase@kennedy.ox.ac.uk.
authors: Hideaki
authors: H
authors: Nagase
mesh_terms: D051722:ADAM Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000071116:ADAMTS5 Protein; D053674:Aggrecans / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000276:immunology; D002356:Cartilage / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D020134:Catalytic Domain / Q000276:immunology; D061505:Cell Surface Display Techniques; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000276:immunology; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000235:genetics; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D053674:Aggrecans; D000906:Antibodies; D004151:Dipeptides; C078131:N-(2(R)-2-(hydroxamidocarbonylmethyl)-4-methylpentanoyl)-L-tryptophan methylamide; D051722:ADAM Proteins; D000071116:ADAMTS5 Protein; C121532:ADAMTS5 protein, human
keywords: adamalysin-like metalloproteinases with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5; aggrecan; exosite inhibition; osteoarthritis; phage display; substrate selectivity