title: The follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: characteristics of preoperative ultrasonography and cytology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to validate the ultrasonography (US) and cytopathological features that are used in the diagnosis of the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) and to characterize the role of BRAF (V600E) mutation analysis in the diagnosis of FVPTC.
  
  
  METHODS
  From May 2012 to February 2014, 40 thyroid nodules from 40 patients (mean age, 56.2 years; range, 26 to 81 years) diagnosed with FVPTC were included in this study. The US features of the nodules were analyzed and the nodules were classified as probably benign or suspicious for malignancy. Twenty-three thyroid nodules (57.5%) underwent BRAF (V600E) mutation analysis. Clinical information and histopathologic results were obtained by reviewing the medical records of the patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty nodules (75.0%) were classified as suspicious for malignancy, while 10 (25.0%) were classified as probably benign. Seven of the eight nodules (87.5%) with atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) cytology showed suspicious US features, while one of the two nodules (50.0%) with follicular neoplasm cytology presented suspicious US features. Five of the 23 nodules (21.7%) that underwent BRAF (V600E) mutation analysis had positive results, all of which were diagnosed as suspicious for malignancy or malignant based on cytology. None of the nodules with benign, AUS/FLUS, or follicular neoplasm cytology were positive for the BRAF (V600E) mutation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  US features allow nodules to be classified as suspicious for malignancy, and the presence of suspicious US features in nodules with ambiguous cytology may aid in the diagnosis of FVPTC. BRAF (V600E) mutation analysis is of limited value in the diagnosis of FVPTC.
authors: Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Jung Hyun
authors: 0000-0002-2100-3513
authors: JH
authors: Yoon
authors: Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
authors: Hyeong Ju
authors: 0000-0003-1615-7152
authors: HJ
authors: Kwon
authors: Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Eun-Kyung
authors: 0000-0002-3368-5013
authors: EK
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Hee Jung
authors: 0000-0002-5643-5885
authors: HJ
authors: Moon
authors: Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Jin Young
authors: 0000-0002-6212-1495
authors: JY
authors: Kwak
keywords: Biopsy, fine-needle; Carcinoma, papillary; Carcinoma, papillary, follicular; Thyroid gland; Ultrasonography