title: Development of new UV-vis spectroscopic microwave-assisted method for determination of glucose in pharmaceutical samples.
abstract: A new UV-Visible spectroscopic method assisted with microwave for the determination of glucose in pharmaceutical formulations was developed. In this study glucose solutions were oxidized by ammonium molybdate in the presence of microwave energy and reacted with aniline to produce a colored solution. Optimum conditions of the reaction including wavelength, temperature, and pH of the medium and relative concentration ratio of the reactants were investigated. It was found that the optimal wavelength for the reaction is 610 nm, the optimal reaction time is 80s, the optimal reaction temperature is 160°C, the optimal reaction pH is 4, and the optimal concentration ratio aniline/ammonium molybdate solution was found to be 1:1. The limits of detection and quantification of the method are 0.82 and 2.75 ppm for glucose solution, respectively. The use of microwaves improved the speed of the method while the use of aniline improved the sensitivity of the method by shifting the wavelength.
authors: Department of Biological Sciences & Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Oman. Electronic address: mehboob@unizwa.edu.om.
authors: Fazal
authors: F
authors: Mabood
authors: Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, KPK, Pakistan. Electronic address: drzhussain@yahoo.com.
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Hussain
authors: Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, KPK, Pakistan.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Haq
authors: Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, KPK, Pakistan.
authors: M B
authors: MB
authors: Arian
authors: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Boqué
authors: H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
authors: K M
authors: KM
authors: Khan
authors: Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, KPK, Pakistan.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Hussain
authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, KPK, Pakistan.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Jabeen
authors: Department of Biological Sciences & Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Oman.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Hussain
authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, KPK, Pakistan.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ahmed
authors: Department of Biological Sciences & Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Oman.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Alharasi
authors: Department of Biological Sciences & Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Oman.
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Naureen
authors: Department of Biological Sciences & Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Oman.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Hussain
authors: Department of Chemistry, UNICAMP, Brazil.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Khan
authors: PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Shahrah-e-Dr. Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Karachi 75280, Pakistan.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Perveen
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008872:Microwaves; D008982:Molybdenum / Q000032:analysis; D012996:Solutions; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D012996:Solutions; D008982:Molybdenum; D005947:Glucose; C022175:ammonium molybdate; C023650:aniline
keywords: Aniline; Carbohydrates; Glucose analysis; Microwave assisted synthesis; Microwave synthesizer; Molybdenum blue complex; UV–vis spectrophotometry