title: Development and validation of a direct-comparison method for cardiac (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine washout rates derived from late 3-hour and 4-hour imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The washout rate (WR) has been used in (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) imaging to evaluate cardiac sympathetic innervation. However, WR varies depending on the time between the early and late MIBG scans. Late scans are performed at either 3 or 4 hours after injection of MIBG. The aim of this study was to directly compare the WR at 3 hours (WR3h) with the WR at 4 hours (WR4h).
  
  
  METHODS
  We hypothesized that the cardiac count would reduce linearly between the 3-hour and 4-hour scans. A linear regression model for cardiac counts at two time-points was generated. We enrolled a total of 96 patients who underwent planar (123)I-MIBG scintigraphy early (15 min) and during the late phase at both 3 and 4 hours. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: a model-creation group (group 1) and a clinical validation group (group 2). Cardiac counts at 15 minutes (countearly), 3 hours (count3h) and 4 hours (count4h) were measured. Cardiac count4h was mathematically estimated using the linear regression model from countearly and count3h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group 1, the actual cardiac count4h/countearly was highly significantly correlated with count3h/countearly (r = 0.979). In group 2, the average estimated count4h was 92.8 ± 31.9, and there was no significant difference between this value and the actual count4h (91.9 ± 31.9). Bland-Altman analysis revealed a small bias of -0.9 with 95 % limits of agreement of -6.2 and +4.3. WR4h calculated using the estimated cardiac count4h was comparable to the actual WR4h (24.3 ± 9.6 % vs. 25.1 ± 9.7 %, p = ns). Bland-Altman analysis and the intraclass correlation coefficient showed that there was excellent agreement between the estimated and actual WR4h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The linear regression model that we used accurately estimated cardiac count4h using countearly and count3h. Moreover, WR4h that was mathematically calculated using the estimated count4h was comparable to the actual WR4h.
authors: Department of Physics, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan. okuda@kanazawa-med.ac.jp.
authors: Koichi
authors: K
authors: Okuda
authors: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan.
authors: Kenichi
authors: K
authors: Nakajima
authors: Department of Radiology, Okayama Kyokuto Hospital, 567-1 Kurata, Okayama, Okayama, 441-8570, Japan.
authors: Shuichi
authors: S
authors: Sugino
authors: FUJIFILM RI Pharma Co., Ltd., 14-1, kyobashi 2-Chome, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0031, Japan.
authors: Yumiko
authors: Y
authors: Kirihara
authors: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan.
authors: Shinro
authors: S
authors: Matsuo
authors: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan.
authors: Junichi
authors: J
authors: Taki
authors: Department of Physics, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
authors: Mitsumasa
authors: M
authors: Hashimoto
authors: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan.
authors: Seigo
authors: S
authors: Kinuya
mesh_terms: D019797:3-Iodobenzylguanidine; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D055414:Myocardial Perfusion Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019797:3-Iodobenzylguanidine
keywords: Cardiac 123I-MIBG imaging; Cardiac sympathetic innervation; Linear regression model; Washout rate