title: Low prevalence of CCR5-Δ32, CCR2-64I and SDF1-3'A alleles in the Baiga and Gond tribes of Central India.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) which causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), by infecting CD4(+) immune cells and hence weakening the host defense mechanism till death, is one of the major factor responsible for human demises worldwide. Both innate (monocytes and macrophages) and adaptive (T cells) immune cells expresses chemokines receptors (2 and 5) and stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) which play crucial role in HIV-1 virus entry and progression. Allele variants of genes CCR5 (CCR5-Δ32), CCR2 (CCR2-64I) and SDF1 (SDFA-3'A; the ligand of CXCR4) are known to slow down the HIV-1 progression in infected individual. In the present study, the frequency of CCR5-Δ32, CCR2-64I and SDF1-3'A alleles in primitive tribe (Baiga) and a non-primitive tribe (Gond) of central India were investigated. A total 200 seronegative samples for HIV from healthy individuals of tribes were analyzed and observed allele frequencies of CCR5-Δ32, CCR2-64I and SDF1-3'A were (0, 0.035, 0.080) and (0, 0.110, 0.100) in Baiga and Gond respectively. Minor allele frequency of these alleles of Gond and Baiga tribes were compared with different populations of the world for relative hazard (RH), which indicate the risk of progression after infection of HIV1. The RH values were calculated based on genotypic frequency, showed the high RH value (RH1-AIDS1993-0.98, RH2-AIDS1987-0.98 and death/RH3-0.97) in Baiga tribe, indicates the low level of resistance against HIV-1 progression after infection.
authors: Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Indore-Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 460066 India.
authors: Deepak
authors: D
authors: Bharti
authors: Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Indore-Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 460066 India.
authors: Ashish
authors: A
authors: Kumar
authors: Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Indore-Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 460066 India.
authors: Ranjeet Singh
authors: RS
authors: Mahla
authors: Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Indore-Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 460066 India.
authors: Sushil
authors: S
authors: Kumar
authors: Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Indore-Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 460066 India.
authors: Harshad
authors: H
authors: Ingle
authors: Chemical Engineering Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395007 India.
authors: Tushar
authors: T
authors: Yadav
authors: Pathogenomics Lab, ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Anand Nagar, Bhopal, 462022 India.
authors: Anamika
authors: A
authors: Mishra
authors: Pathogenomics Lab, ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Anand Nagar, Bhopal, 462022 India.
authors: Ashwin Ashok
authors: AA
authors: Raut
authors: Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Indore-Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 460066 India ; Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Himanshu
authors: H
authors: Kumar
keywords: Chemokine receptors; HIV-1 resistant polymorphisms; Non-primitive tribes; Primitive tribes; Relative hazard