title: A dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor improves hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance by AMPK-dependent and JNK-dependent inhibition of LECT2 expression.
abstract: Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) is a recently discovered hepatokine that mediates obesity-related metabolic disturbances. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are novel therapeutic agents for inflammatory disorders including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, no research has examined the connections or functions of LECT2 and the novel DPP-4 inhibitor, gemigliptin, in NAFLD pathogenesis. High-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6 mice were used to investigate the effect of gemigliptin on hepatic steatosis and LECT2 expression. In the HepG2 cell line, LECT2 and gemigliptin signaling were analyzed by Western blot. LECT2 increased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation, sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1 cleavage, lipid accumulation, and insulin resistance in HepG2 cells; these events were significantly decreased by treatment with a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor. Gemigliptin increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and inhibited tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α-induced mTOR phosphorylation, SREBP-1 cleavage, lipid accumulation, and LECT2 expression in HepG2 cells; these events were attenuated by an AMPK inhibitor. Gemigliptin recovered TNFα-induced inhibition of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and Akt phosphorylation that was abolished in LECT2 knockdown cells or by AMPK inhibition. In preliminary in vivo experiments, gemigliptin induced AMPK phosphorylation and inhibited LECT2 expression in liver tissues from HFD-fed mice. Mice fed with HFD and gemigliptin showed improved hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance compared to HFD-fed mice. Gemigliptin might alleviate hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance by inhibiting LECT2 expression by AMPK-dependent and JNK-dependent mechanisms, suggesting a direct protective effect against NAFLD progression.
authors: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Hwan-Jin
authors: HJ
authors: Hwang
authors: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Tae Woo
authors: TW
authors: Jung
authors: Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Baek-Hui
authors: BH
authors: Kim
authors: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Ho Cheol
authors: HC
authors: Hong
authors: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Ji A
authors: JA
authors: Seo
authors: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Sin Gon
authors: SG
authors: Kim
authors: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Nan Hee
authors: NH
authors: Kim
authors: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Kyung Mook
authors: KM
authors: Choi
authors: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Dong Seop
authors: DS
authors: Choi
authors: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Sei Hyun
authors: SH
authors: Baik
authors: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: deisy21@naver.com.
authors: Hye Jin
authors: HJ
authors: Yoo
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000188:drug therapy*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010881:Piperidones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C534891:LC15-0444; C491213:Lect2 protein, mouse; D010881:Piperidones; D011743:Pyrimidines; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4
keywords: AMP-activated protein kinase; Compound C (PubChem CID: 11524144); Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor; Gemigliptin (PubChem CID: 11953153); Hepatokine; Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; SP600125 (PubChem CID: 8515); c-Jun N-terminal kinase