title: Effects of premedication with sustained-release buprenorphine hydrochloride and anesthetic induction with ketamine hydrochloride or propofol in combination with diazepam on intraocular pressure in healthy sheep.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of diazepam combined with ketamine hydrochloride or propofol for induction of anesthesia (IOA) following premedication with sustained-release buprenorphine hydrochloride (SRB) on intraocular pressure (IOP) in sheep.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 healthy adult sheep.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diazepam with ketamine or propofol was given IV to each of 10 sheep after premedication with SRB (0.01 mg/kg, SC); after > 4 weeks, each sheep received the other induction combination with no premedication. For both eyes, IOPs were measured before premedication (if given), 10 minutes prior to (baseline) and immediately following administration of ketamine or propofol (time of IOA), after endotracheal intubation, and 5 minutes after IOA. Peak end-tidal P(CO2), globe position, and pupillary diameter were also analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were not available for all sheep for all anesthetic episodes. Propofol-diazepam administration alone had no significant effect on IOP, whereas there was a significant decrease in IOP immediately following ketamine-diazepam administration alone. At 5 minutes after ketamine-diazepam administration, SRB-premedicated sheep had significantly higher IOP than unpremedicated sheep. Intraocular pressure was significantly higher at baseline, at intubation, and 5 minutes after IOA in SRB-premedicated sheep receiving propofol-diazepam, compared with unpremedicated sheep. Peak end-tidal P(CO2) at intubation was significantly higher in SRB-premedicated sheep. For sheep receiving either anesthetic treatment, IOPs did not differ significantly with or without SRB premedication. Globe position or pupillary diameter and IOP were not significantly related at any time point.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggested that both ketamine-diazepam and propofol-diazepam combinations were suitable for IOA without increasing IOP in sheep. The use of SRB should be avoided in sheep when increases in IOP are undesirable.
authors: Bonnie J
authors: BJ
authors: Gatson
authors: Luisito
authors: L
authors: Pablo
authors: Caryn E
authors: CE
authors: Plummer
authors: Tiffany D
authors: TD
authors: Granone
mesh_terms: D000777:Anesthetics; D000818:Animals; D002047:Buprenorphine; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D003975:Diazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011292:Premedication; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012756:Sheep; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D002047:Buprenorphine; D007649:Ketamine; D003975:Diazepam; D015742:Propofol