title: Liposomal bupivacaine for regional anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using a regional block in a multimodal approach to postoperative analgesia management involves addressing, which local anesthetic and how much should be used to ensure adequate pain relief to reduce related morbidity and mortality. This article will review literature surrounding the recently approved formulation of slow release liposomal bupivacaine, define its proven benefits, and identify ongoing studies to further examine the utility of this novel formulation by various routes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recent Phase II and III clinical trials have demonstrated the ability of liposomal bupivacaine to provide prolonged analgesia, maintain a high safety profile in therapeutic doses, and decrease opioid requirements when compared with placebo in local infiltration applications for up to 24 h. Between 24 and 72 h after study drug administration, there was minimal to no difference between EXPAREL and placebo treatments on mean pain intensity. Conventional bupivacaine or ropivacaine groups (current standard practice in many hospitals in the USA) were not compared. In addition, the analgesic efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and safety profile of liposomal bupivacaine has not thoroughly been studied in various standard clinical settings such as perineural, intrathecal, and epidural administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current published data do not provide superior clinical results for EXPAREL over conventional bupivacaine based upon the lack of adequately powered multicentered clinical trials with comparison groups. Further investigation is necessary to identify the analgesic efficacy and safety profile of liposomal bupivacaine versus standard local anesthetics and to define the optimal clinical indication for liposomal bupivacaine administration in regional anesthesia.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Uskova
authors: Jessica E
authors: JE
authors: O'Connor
mesh_terms: D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006801:Humans; D008247:Lysosomes
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004337:Drug Carriers; D002045:Bupivacaine