title: The effects of carbamazepine on macroinvertebrate species: Comparing bivalves and polychaetes biochemical responses.
abstract: In the present study, the bivalve Scrobicularia plana and the polychaete Diopatra neapolitana were exposed to an increasing carbamazepine (CBZ) concentration gradient. Both species are among the most widely used bioindicators, and CBZ is one of the most commonly found drugs in the aquatic environment. After a chronic exposure (28 days), the results obtained revealed that CBZ induced biochemical alterations in both species. Our findings demonstrated that S. plana and D. neapolitana reduced the CBZ accumulation rate at higher CBZ concentrations, probably due to their capacity to decrease their feeding rates at stressful conditions. Nevertheless, this defence mechanism was not enough to prevent both species from oxidative stress. In fact, S. plana and D. neapolitana were not able to efficiently activate their antioxidant defence mechanisms which resulted in the increase of lipid peroxidation, especially at the highest CBZ concentrations. Comparing both species, it seems that S. plana was the most sensitive species since stronger biochemical alterations were observed in this species.
authors: Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: rosafreitas@ua.pt.
authors: Rosa
authors: R
authors: Freitas
authors: Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors: Ângela
authors: Â
authors: Almeida
authors: Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors: Adília
authors: A
authors: Pires
authors: Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors: Cátia
authors: C
authors: Velez
authors: Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors: Vânia
authors: V
authors: Calisto
authors: BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter -Str. 11, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Rudolf J
authors: RJ
authors: Schneider
authors: Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors: Valdemar I
authors: VI
authors: Esteves
authors: Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Geography, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, David Turpin Building, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
authors: Frederick J
authors: FJ
authors: Wrona
authors: Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors: Etelvina
authors: E
authors: Figueira
authors: Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors: Amadeu M V M
authors: AM
authors: Soares
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000633:toxicity*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011077:Polychaeta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000975:Antioxidants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002220:Carbamazepine
keywords: Biomarkers; Diopatra neapolitana; Oxidative stress; Pharmaceutical drugs; Scrobicularia plana