title: Informing a realistic laboratory erosion-testing regime--observations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure aspects of fizzy drink consumption in a social environment to inform the development of a laboratory testing regime.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an observational study in which participants were invited to attend one of four pizza and soft drink parties. All such foods and drinks were served in an air conditioned room at a temperature of 24°C. All drinks were at a temperature of 4°C and each participant was asked to spit out, into graduated cups, their first and second sips. Both the temperature and volume of these were measured. Upon completion of the party the volume of drinks consumed was determined. Video footage of the experiment was recorded for subsequent analysis to determine sip count and the elapsed time period between first and last sip. These values were compared to the analogous measured value of expectorated volume in order to assess the usefulness of video observation in the context of this work.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean expectorated beverage temperature was 14.9±2.0°C. The mean time spent drinking was 44.2±17.4 minutes with a mean consumption rate of 13.3±6.0 ml/min. Only the sip volume and sip count per can values were significantly different between sexes (P<0.05) with females displaying lower values for volume and a higher sip count. There was close agreement between the sip volume values observed and calculated using video observation derived parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several human drinking behaviour values were reported in this study and these will be of value in the development of more realistic laboratory erosion-testing regimes. It is concluded, within the limitations of this work, that (1) there are differences in the drinking behaviour of males and females with respect to sip volume and count, (2) the intraoral rise in temperature of a 4°C beverage is lower than that used in previous laboratory simulations and (3) the values derived from video observation agree with those measured directly validating this technique for use in further studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The work provides valuable quantitative data on which to base simulated laboratory erosion work. Perhaps the most significant finding is that sipped beverages attain a temperature of only 14.9°C.
authors: All of The Dental School, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK. Electronic address: a.s.qutieshat@dundee.a.uk.
authors: A S
authors: AS
authors: Qutieshat
authors: All of The Dental School, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK. Electronic address: a.g.mason@dundee.ac.uk.
authors: A G
authors: AG
authors: Mason
authors: All of The Dental School, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK. Electronic address: r.g.chadwick@dundee.ac.uk.
authors: R G
authors: RG
authors: Chadwick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002253:Carbonated Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018865:Dental Research / Q000379:methods*; D004327:Drinking Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012107:Research Design; D014077:Tooth Erosion; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Behaviour; Carbonated beverages; Erosion; Observation