title: Menopause and the Heart.
abstract: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in postmenopausal US women. The contribution of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy to cardiovascular risk is one of the most controversial women's health topics. Strikingly discordant results, between observational and randomized clinical trials, have been reported. Remaining questions regarding time of hormone therapy initiation are discussed, as are ongoing trials focused on these questions. Cardiovascular concerns, cautions, and current recommendations for use are delineated.
authors: Penn Heart and Vascular Center for Women's Cardiovascular Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors: Chileshe
authors: C
authors: Nkonde-Price
authors: Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Cardiovascular Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 773G, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. Electronic address: jeffrey.bender@yale.edu.
authors: Jeffrey R
authors: JR
authors: Bender
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016387:Women's Health
keywords: Cardiovascular risk; Heart; Hormone replacement therapy; Menopause