title: Levels of uric acid may predict the future development of pulmonary hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus: a seven-year follow-up study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this paper is to assess whether pulmonary hypertension (PH) may be detected at one point in time or longitudinally predicted by serum uric acid (sUA) levels in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a post-hoc analysis of a long-term followed cohort of Mexican SLE patients. Echocardiography-based definitions of PH by the ESC/ERS/ISHLT and its associations with clinical and laboratory data on enrollment were studied. Especially, the impact that sUA levels at baseline may have on the future development of PH in patients with normal pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) was explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of the 156 SLE patients originally enrolled in the cohort, 44 met the inclusion criteria for the present study and were grouped as having (n =10) or not having (n = 34) PH. At baseline, sUA levels of 5.83 ± 1.79 and 5.82 ± 1.97 mg/dl (p = ns) were found in patients with and without PH, respectively. No association between PASP and other markers was found. In patients with normal PASP, the presence of sUA ≥ 7 mg/dl at baseline predicted future development of PH (relative risk 8.5, 1.0009 to 72; p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In SLE, sUA levels at one point in time are useless to detect PH. However, steady hyperuricemia may predict the future development of PH in patients with normal PASP at baseline.
authors: Department of Dermatology, Hospital General de Zona 32 Villa Coapa, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Castillo-Martínez
authors: Department of Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Marroquín-Fabián
authors: Department of Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: A C
authors: AC
authors: Lozada-Navarro
authors: Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Mora-Ramírez
authors: Department of Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Juárez
authors: Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Sánchez-Muñoz
authors: Division of Research, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Vargas-Barrón
authors: Division of Research, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Sandoval
authors: Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico Department of Health Care, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico LaSalle University School of Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico lmamezcuag@gmail.com.
authors: L M
authors: LM
authors: Amezcua-Guerra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D062186:Arterial Pressure; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014527:Uric Acid
keywords: Pulmonary hypertension; systemic lupus erythematosus; uric acid