title: HIV Testing and Diagnosis Rates in Kiev, Ukraine: April 2013-March 2014.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Data from Ukraine on risk factors for HIV acquisition are limited. We describe the characteristics of individuals testing for HIV in the main testing centres of the Ukrainian capital Kiev, including HIV risk factors, testing rates, and positivity rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  As part of a larger study to estimate HIV incidence within Kiev City, we included questions on possible risk factors for HIV acquisition and testing history to existing systems in 4 infectious disease clinics. Data were provided by the person requesting an HIV test using a handheld electronic tablet. All persons (≥16 yrs) presenting for an HIV test April 2013-March 2014 were included. Rates per 100,000 were calculated using region-specific denominators for Kiev.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period 6370 individuals tested for HIV, equivalent to a testing rate of 293.2 per 100,000. Of these, 467 (7.8%) were HIV-positive, with the highest proportion positive among 31-35 year olds (11.2%), males (9.4%), people who inject drugs (PWID) (17.9%) and men who have sex with men (MSM) (24.1%). Using published population size estimates of MSM, diagnosis rates for MSM ranged from 490.6 to 1548.3/100,000. A higher proportion of heterosexual women compared to heterosexual men reported contact with PWID, (16% vs. 4.7%) suggesting a bridging in risk between PWID and their sexual partners.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Collection of HIV risk factor information in Kiev, essential for the purposes of developing effective HIV prevention and response tools, is feasible. The high percentage of MSM among those testing positive for HIV, may indicate a significant level of undisclosed sex between men in national figures.
authors: MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors: Ruth
authors: R
authors: Simmons
authors: Perinatal Prevention of AIDS Initiative, Odessa, Ukraine.
authors: Ruslan
authors: R
authors: Malyuta
authors: Kyiv City AIDS Center, Kyiv, Ukraine.
authors: Nelli
authors: N
authors: Chentsova
authors: Kyiv City AIDS Center, Kyiv, Ukraine.
authors: Antonia
authors: A
authors: Medoeva
authors: Institute of Epidemiology, Kyiv, Ukraine.
authors: Yuri
authors: Y
authors: Kruglov
authors: Kyiv City AIDS Center, Kyiv, Ukraine.
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Yurchenko
authors: MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Copas
authors: MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors: Kholoud
authors: K
authors: Porter
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D020010:Heterosexuality / Q000523:psychology; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000523:psychology; D014455:Ukraine / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult