title: Livestock-Associated Methicillin Resistant and Methicillin Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Sequence Type (CC)1 in European Farmed Animals: High Genetic Relatedness of Isolates from Italian Cattle Herds and Humans.
abstract: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Sequence Type (ST)1, Clonal Complex(CC)1, SCCmec V is one of the major Livestock-Associated (LA-) lineages in pig farming industry in Italy and is associated with pigs in other European countries. Recently, it has been increasingly detected in Italian dairy cattle herds. The aim of this study was to analyse the differences between ST1 MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) from cattle and pig herds in Italy and Europe and human isolates. Sixty-tree animal isolates from different holdings and 20 human isolates were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), spa-typing, SCCmec typing, and by micro-array analysis for several virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and strain/host-specific marker genes. Three major PFGE clusters were detected. The bovine isolates shared a high (≥90% to 100%) similarity with human isolates and carried the same SCCmec type IVa. They often showed genetic features typical of human adaptation or present in human-associated CC1: Immune evasion cluster (IEC) genes sak and scn, or sea; sat and aphA3-mediated aminoglycoside resistance. Contrary, typical markers of porcine origin in Italy and Spain, like erm(A) mediated macrolide-lincosamide-streptograminB, and of vga(A)-mediated pleuromutilin resistance were always absent in human and bovine isolates. Most of ST(CC)1 MRSA from dairy cattle were multidrug-resistant and contained virulence and immunomodulatory genes associated with full capability of colonizing humans. As such, these strains may represent a greater human hazard than the porcine strains. The zoonotic capacity of CC1 LA-MRSA from livestock must be taken seriously and measures should be implemented at farm-level to prevent spill-over.
authors: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri", Diagnostic Department, Rome, Italy.
authors: Patricia
authors: P
authors: Alba
authors: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri", Diagnostic Department, Rome, Italy.
authors: Fabiola
authors: F
authors: Feltrin
authors: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri", Diagnostic Department, Rome, Italy.
authors: Gessica
authors: G
authors: Cordaro
authors: VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors: María Concepción
authors: MC
authors: Porrero
authors: Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany.
authors: Britta
authors: B
authors: Kraushaar
authors: Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (VAR-CODA-CERVA), Groeselenberg, Belgium; Université Libre de Bruxelles, Department of Microbiology, Hôpital Erasme Laboratoire de Référence MRSA-Staphylocoques, Brussels, Belgium.
authors: María Angeles
authors: MA
authors: Argudín
authors: Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Suvi
authors: S
authors: Nykäsenoja
authors: Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immuno-mediated Diseases, Rome, Italy.
authors: Monica
authors: M
authors: Monaco
authors: Statens Serum Institut, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Stegger
authors: National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
authors: Frank M
authors: FM
authors: Aarestrup
authors: Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (VAR-CODA-CERVA), Groeselenberg, Belgium; Ross University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biosciences, Basseterre, St. Kitts and Nevis, West Indies; Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and poultry diseases, Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Butaye
authors: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri", Diagnostic Department, Rome, Italy.
authors: Alessia
authors: A
authors: Franco
authors: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri", Diagnostic Department, Rome, Italy.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Battisti
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic / Q000382:microbiology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D055231:Lincosamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D058751:Livestock / Q000382:microbiology*; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008712:Methicillin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D013030:Spain; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D025381:Streptogramin B / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D055231:Lincosamides; D018942:Macrolides; D025381:Streptogramin B; D008712:Methicillin