title: Supplemental nutrition assistance program participation and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, overall and by source.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This paper examined patterns in adults' sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and caloric intake by Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation status and by source of purchases in the United States (US).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analysis of consumption of SSBs by source of purchases using 24-hour dietary recall data obtained from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2010 (N=17,891). Bivariate analysis and multivariable regressions were used to examine the association between SNAP participation and SSB calories consumed overall and by source.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SSBs account for approximately 12% of total daily caloric intake (258 kcal) among SNAP participants, higher than that of SNAP-eligible nonparticipants (9% total daily intake, 205 kcal) and SNAP-ineligible nonparticipants (6% total daily intake, 153 kcal). Among income-eligible adults, participating in SNAP is associated with 28.9 additional SSB calories, of which most were obtained from a store. From 2003-04 to 2009-10, SSB prevalence and caloric intake were flat among SNAP participants while it declined among both SNAP-eligible and SNAP-ineligible nonparticipants; this pattern held for all sources of SSBs except for those purchased from fast-food restaurants, which were not statistically reduced among nonparticipants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SNAP participants consumed more SSB calories compared to SNAP-eligible nonparticipants; and their SSB prevalence and caloric intake trend was flat over the 2003-04 to 2009-10 period. SNAP-Education interventions that focus on improving access to healthy food in poor neighborhoods may benefit SNAP participants.
authors: Economic and Health Policy Research Program, Intramural Research Department, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: binh211@gmail.com.
authors: Binh T
authors: BT
authors: Nguyen
authors: Division of Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, and Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors: Lisa M
authors: LM
authors: Powell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002253:Carbonated Beverages / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D063105:Food Assistance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D013549:Sweetening Agents
keywords: Fast-food; SNAP; Sugar-sweetened beverages