title: Ultra-deep sequencing provides insights into the virology of hepatitis C super-infections in a case of three sequential infections with different genotypes.
abstract: The current epidemic of Hepatitis C infection in HIV-positive men who have sex with men is associated with increasing use of recreational drugs. Multiple HCV infections have been reported in haemophiliacs and intravenous drug users. Using ultra-deep sequencing analysis, we present the case of an HIV-positive MSM with evidence of three sequential HCV infections, each occurring during the acute phase of the preceding infection, following risk exposures. We observed rapid replacement of the original strain by the incoming genotype at subsequent time points. The impact of HCV super-infection remains unclear and UDS may provide new insights.
authors: Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1E 6JB, England, UK.
authors: Emily
authors: E
authors: Chung
authors: Clinical Microbiology and Virology, University College London NHS Foundation Trust, London W1T 4EU, England, UK.
authors: R Bridget
authors: RB
authors: Ferns
authors: Illumina Cambridge Ltd, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Cambridge CB10 1XL, England, UK.
authors: Miao
authors: M
authors: He
authors: Illumina Cambridge Ltd, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Cambridge CB10 1XL, England, UK.
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Rigatti
authors: Clinical Microbiology and Virology, University College London NHS Foundation Trust, London W1T 4EU, England, UK.
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Grant
authors: Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London NW3 2QG, England, UK.
authors: Adele
authors: A
authors: McCormick
authors: Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London NW3 2QG, England, UK.
authors: Sanjay
authors: S
authors: Bhagani
authors: Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London NW3 2QG, England, UK.
authors: Daniel Peter
authors: DP
authors: Webster
authors: Clinical Microbiology and Virology, University College London NHS Foundation Trust, London W1T 4EU, England, UK. Electronic address: e.nastouli@ucl.ac.uk.
authors: Eleni
authors: E
authors: Nastouli
authors: Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1E 6JB, England, UK.
authors: Laura Jane
authors: LJ
authors: Waters
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D005838:Genotype; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology*; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012367:RNA, Viral; D015163:Superinfection; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Genotype; HIV; Hepatitis C; Super-infection; Ultra-deep sequencing