title: Locomotive biomechanics in persons with chronic ankle instability and lateral ankle sprain copers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the locomotive biomechanics of participants with chronic ankle instability (CAI) to those of lateral ankle sprain (LAS) copers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight participants with CAI and 42 LAS copers each performed 5 self-selected paced gait trials. 3-D lower extremity temporal kinematic and kinetic data were collected for these participants from 200ms pre- to 200ms post-heel strike (period 1) and from 200ms pre- to 200ms post-toe off (period 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CAI group displayed increased hip flexion bilaterally during period 1 compared to LAS copers. During period 2, CAI participants exhibited reduced hip extension bilaterally, increased knee flexion bilaterally and increased ankle inversion on the 'involved' limb. They also displayed a bilateral decrease in the flexor moment pattern at the knee.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering that all of the features which distinguished CAI participants from LAS copers were also evident in our previously published research (within 2-weeks following acute first-time LAS); these findings establish a potential link between these features and long-term outcome following first-time LAS. Clinicians must be cognizant of the capacity for these movement and motor control impairments to cascade proximally from the injured joint up the kinetic chain and recognise the value that gait re-training may have in rehabilitation planning to prevent CAI.
authors: School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address: cailbhe.doherty@ucdconnect.ie.
authors: Cailbhe
authors: C
authors: Doherty
authors: Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster Sports Academy, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, Co. Antrim, United Kingdom.
authors: Chris
authors: C
authors: Bleakley
authors: Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, United States.
authors: Jay
authors: J
authors: Hertel
authors: School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College Dublin, Ireland.
authors: Brian
authors: B
authors: Caulfield
authors: St Vincent's University Hospital, Ireland.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Ryan
authors: School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College Dublin, Ireland; Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Ireland.
authors: Eamonn
authors: E
authors: Delahunt
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Ankle joint [MeSH]; Biomechanical phenomena [MeSH]; Gait [MeSH]; Joint instability [MeSH]; Kinematics [MeSH]; Kinetics [MeSH]