title: Pedestrian fatality risk in accidents at unsignalized zebra crosswalks in Poland.
abstract: Poland has the second worst pedestrian fatality rate in the European Union. In the years 2007-2012, 9101 pedestrians were killed and 71328 injured on Polish roads. Almost 30% of pedestrian injury accidents took place at unsignalized zebra crosswalks. Based on police accident database, the worst problem in terms of numbers of fatalities occurs in built-up areas, on two-way undivided roads and at mid-block locations. Especially at risk are older people - almost 73% of pedestrians killed were 55 years or older. In order to show the effect of various factors on pedestrian fatality risk, a binary logit model with interaction terms was developed. The model shows that the following factors increase the probability of pedestrian's death at unsignalized zebra crosswalks: darkness, especially with no street lighting, divided road, two-way road, non built-up area, mid-block crosswalk location and summer time period. Speed limit is a crucial factor: probability of death increases by 37% with every 10km/h rise in the speed limit. Fatality risk increases also with victim's age and is higher for male pedestrians.
authors: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: p.olszewski@il.pw.edu.pl.
authors: Piotr
authors: P
authors: Olszewski
authors: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: p.szagala@il.pw.edu.pl.
authors: Piotr
authors: P
authors: Szagała
authors: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: m.wolanski@il.pw.edu.pl.
authors: Maciej
authors: M
authors: Wolański
authors: Motor Transport Institute, ul. Jagiellońska 80, 03-301 Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: anna.zielinska@its.waw.pl.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Zielińska
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000401:mortality* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002423:Cause of Death; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004779:Environment Design / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008029:Lighting; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000069636:Pedestrians / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011044:Poland; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Fatality risk; Logistic regression; Pedestrian crosswalks; Pedestrian safety