title: Growth restriction and gender influence cerebral oxygenation in preterm neonates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of fetal growth restriction and gender on cerebral oxygenation in preterm neonates during the first 3 days of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, The Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  68 (41 males) small for gestational age (SGA) (birth weight <10th percentile) and 136 (82 males) appropriate for gestational age (AGA) (birth weight 20th-80th percentile) neonates, matched for gender, gestational age, ventilatory and blood pressure support.
  
  
  METHODS
  Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2) and cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE) as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy throughout the first 72 h of life were compared between SGA and AGA neonates. The effect of gender was also explored within these comparisons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SGA neonates demonstrated higher rScO2 (71% SEM 0.2 vs 68% SEM 0.2) and lower cFTOE (0.25 SEM 0.002 vs 0.29 SEM 0.002) than AGA neonates. There was an independent effect of gender on rScO2 and cFTOE, resulting in the finding that SGA males displayed highest rScO2 and lowest cFTOE (73% SEM 0.3 respectively 0.24 SEM 0.003). AGA males and SGA females showed comparable rScO2 (69% SEM 0.2 vs 69% SEM 0.4) and cFTOE (0.28 SEM 0.002 vs 0.28 SEM 0.004). AGA females showed lowest rScO2 and highest cFTOE (66% SEM 0.2 respectively 0.30 SEM 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Growth restriction and gender influence cerebral oxygenation and oxygen extraction in preterm neonates throughout the first 3 days of life.
authors: Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors: Emily
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4153-5840
authors: E
authors: Cohen
authors: Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Willem
authors: W
authors: Baerts
authors: Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Alderliesten
authors: Department of Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Derks
authors: Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Petra
authors: P
authors: Lemmers
authors: Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: van Bel
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000502:physiology*; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000502:physiology*; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Cerebral oxygenation; Fetal growth restriction (FGR); Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR); Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS); Small for gestational age (SGA)