title: Source analysis of stimulus-preceding negativity constrained by functional magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: The stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN) is an event-related potential (ERP) reflecting anticipation. The anterior insular cortex is assumed to be one of the physiological sources of the SPN. However, the precise neural substrates of the SPN have yet to be confirmed. We therefore performed separate functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and ERP studies using the same time estimation task, followed by fMRI-constrained ERP source analysis. Dipole locations were determined by the fMRI results, while the time courses of dipole activities were modeled by the ERP data. Analysis revealed that the right anterior insula was significantly activated before delivery of the feedback stimulus, whereas the left anterior insula was not, and that the SPN mainly arose from four groups of brain regions related to, respectively: (1) the salience network, (2) reward expectation, (3) perceptual anticipation, and (4) arousal. The results suggest that the SPN pertains to multiple brain functions with complex interactions.
authors: Department of Human System Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ohokayama, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: kotani@hum.titech.ac.jp.
authors: Yasunori
authors: Y
authors: Kotani
authors: Department of Human System Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ohokayama, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Yoshimi
authors: Y
authors: Ohgami
authors: Department of Sport and Wellness, Rikkyo University 1-2-26 Kitano, Niiza, Saitama, Japan.
authors: Takayuki
authors: T
authors: Ishiwata
authors: Technology and Innovation Center Preparation Office, Daikin Industries, Ltd. JR Shinagawa East Bldg., 2-18-1 Konan, Minato, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Jun-Ichirou
authors: J
authors: Arai
authors: Department of Radiology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Shigeru
authors: S
authors: Kiryu
authors: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors: Yusuke
authors: Y
authors: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D059031:Anticipation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D030141:Feedback, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D012201:Reward
keywords: Dipole modeling; Insular cortex; Salience network; Stimulus-preceding negativity