title: Retinal layer location of increased retinal thickness in eyes with subclinical and clinical macular edema in diabetes type 2.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the retinal layer predominantly affected in eyes with subclinical and clinical macular edema in diabetes type 2.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 194 type 2 diabetic eyes/patients with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (ETDRS levels 20/35) were examined with Cirrus spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) at the baseline visit (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01145599). Automated segmentation of the retinal layers of the eyes with subclinical and clinical macular edema was compared with a sample of 31 eyes from diabetic patients with normal OCT and an age-matched control group of 58 healthy eyes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the 194 eyes in the study, 62 had subclinical macular edema and 12 had clinical macular edema. The highest increases in retinal thickness (RT) were found in the inner nuclear layer (INL; 33.6% in subclinical macular edema and 81.8% in clinical macular edema). Increases were also found in the neighboring layers. Thinning of the retina was registered in the retinal nerve fiber, ganglion cells and inner plexiform layers in the diabetic eyes without macular edema.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increase in RT occurring in diabetic eyes with macular edema is predominantly located in the INL but extends to neighboring retinal layers indicating that it may be due to extracellular fluid accumulation.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita Salute - Scientific Institute of San Raffael, Milan, Italy.
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Bandello
authors: Amparo Navea
authors: AN
authors: Tejerina
authors: Stela
authors: S
authors: Vujosevic
authors: Monica
authors: M
authors: Varano
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Egan
authors: Sobha
authors: S
authors: Sivaprasad
authors: Geeta
authors: G
authors: Menon
authors: Pascale
authors: P
authors: Massin
authors: Frank D
authors: FD
authors: Verbraak
authors: Henrik
authors: H
authors: Lund-Andersen
authors: Jose P
authors: JP
authors: Martinez
authors: Ignasi
authors: I
authors: Jürgens
authors: R M Erica
authors: RM
authors: Smets
authors: Caroline
authors: C
authors: Coriat
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Wiedemann
authors: Victor
authors: V
authors: Ágoas
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Querques
authors: Frank G
authors: FG
authors: Holz
authors: Sandrina
authors: S
authors: Nunes
authors: Dalila
authors: D
authors: Alves
authors: Catarina
authors: C
authors: Neves
authors: Torcato
authors: T
authors: Santos
authors: Luisa
authors: L
authors: Ribeiro
authors: José
authors: J
authors: Cunha-Vaz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055351:Retinal Neurons / Q000473:pathology*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D055815:Young Adult