title: The polyphenol PGG enhances expression of SR-BI and ABCA1 in J774 and THP-1 macrophages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Atherosclerosis is the major cause of cardiovascular disease. Epidemiological studies showed that the plasma concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level is inversely related to the incidence of atherosclerosis probably due to its role in reverse cholesterol transport. 1,2,3,4, 6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose (PGG) is a prototypical gallotannin and the central compound in the biosynthetic pathway of hydrolysable tannin. PGG is highly enriched in a number of medicinal herbals. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown PGG can influence parameters and processes known to be involved in the development of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the influences of PGG on parameters of reverse cholesterol transport.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We showed that PGG not only induced expression of SR-BI and ABCA1 in J774 and THP-1 macrophages, but was able to reverse the ox-LDL down-regulated expression of SR-BI and ABCA1 in these cells. Additionally, PGG was able to reverse the ox-LDL downregulated cholesterol efflux from cholesterol laden macrophages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, our data are suggesting that PGG is able to induce reverse cholesterol transport by influencing expression of key proteins of this pathway. We, therefore, suggest that PGG may represent a novel candidate for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis in humans.
authors: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing, 100069, PR China.
authors: Wenhua
authors: W
authors: Zhao
authors: Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors: Viktoria
authors: V
authors: Haller
authors: Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria. Electronic address: andreas.ritsch@i-med.ac.at.
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Ritsch
mesh_terms: D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D005487:Foam Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins / Q000737:chemistry*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D051122:Scavenger Receptors, Class B / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D002784:Cholesterol; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D051122:Scavenger Receptors, Class B; C577836:ABCA1 protein, human; C577833:Abca1 protein, mouse; C495124:SCARB1 protein, human; C454739:Scarb1 protein, mouse; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; C435084:pentagalloylglucose
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Cholesterol efflux; Foam cells; Macrophages; Polyphenols; Reverse cholesterol transport