title: A novel fungal fruiting structure formed by Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus carbonarius in grape berries.
abstract: Sour rot, is a pre-harvest disease that affects many grape varieties. Sour rot symptoms include initial berry cracking and breakdown of berry tissue. This is a disease complex with many filamentous fungi and bacteria involved, but is usually initiated by Aspergillus niger or Aspergillus carbonarius. Usually, by the time one sees the rot there are many other organisms involved and it is difficult to attribute the disease to one species. In this study two species of Aspergillus were shown to produce a previously unknown fruiting structure in infected berries. The nodulous morphology, bearing conidia, suggests them to be an 'everted polymorphic stroma'. This structure forms freely inside the berry pulp and assumes multiple shapes and sizes, sometimes sclerotium-like in form. It is composed of a mass of vegetative hyphae with or without tissue of the host containing spores or fruiting bodies bearing spores. Artificially inoculated berries placed in soil in winter showed the possible overwintering function of the fruiting body. Inoculated berry clusters on standing vines produced fruiting structures within 21 d post inoculation when wounds were made at veraison or after (July-September). Histological studies confirmed that the fruiting structure was indeed fungal tissue.
authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis 95616, USA.
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Pisani
authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis 95616, USA.
authors: Trang Thoaivan
authors: TT
authors: Nguyen
authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis 95616, USA. Electronic address: wdgubler@ucdavis.edu.
authors: Walter Douglas
authors: WD
authors: Gubler
mesh_terms: D001230:Aspergillus / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005638:Fruit / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D048690:Fruiting Bodies, Fungal / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D025301:Hyphae / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D027843:Vitis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*
keywords: Histology; Red globe; Sclerotium; Sour rot; Stroma