title: Sleep-Wake Cycle and Daytime Sleepiness in the Myotonic Dystrophies.
abstract: Myotonic dystrophy is the most common type of muscular dystrophy in adults and is characterized by progressive myopathy, myotonia, and multiorgan involvement. Two genetically distinct entities have been identified, myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1 or Steinert's Disease) and myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2). Myotonic dystrophies are strongly associated with sleep dysfunction. Sleep disturbances in DM1 are common and include sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), periodic limb movements (PLMS), central hypersomnia, and REM sleep dysregulation (high REM density and narcoleptic-like phenotype). Interestingly, drowsiness in DM1 seems to be due to a central dysfunction of sleep-wake regulation more than SDB. To date, little is known regarding the occurrence of sleep disorders in DM2. SDB (obstructive and central apnoea), REM sleep without atonia, and restless legs syndrome have been described. Further polysomnographic, controlled studies are strongly needed, particularly in DM2, in order to clarify the role of sleep disorders in the myotonic dystrophies.
authors: University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Policlinico Tor Vergata, Department of Systems Medicine, Section of Neurophysiopathology, Sleep and Epilepsy Centre, 00133 Rome, Italy.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Romigi
authors: University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Policlinico Tor Vergata, Department of Systems Medicine, Section of Neurophysiopathology, Sleep and Epilepsy Centre, 00133 Rome, Italy.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Albanese
authors: University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Policlinico Tor Vergata, Department of Systems Medicine, Section of Neurophysiopathology, Sleep and Epilepsy Centre, 00133 Rome, Italy.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Liguori
authors: University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Policlinico Tor Vergata, Department of Systems Medicine, Section of Neurophysiopathology, Sleep and Epilepsy Centre, 00133 Rome, Italy.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Placidi
authors: University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Policlinico Tor Vergata, Department of Systems Medicine, Section of Neurosciences, 00133 Rome, Italy ; Fondazione S. Lucia IRCCS, 00100 Rome, Italy.
authors: M G
authors: MG
authors: Marciani
authors: University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Policlinico Tor Vergata, Department of Systems Medicine, Section of Neurosciences, 00133 Rome, Italy ; Fondazione S. Lucia IRCCS, 00100 Rome, Italy.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Massa