title: Psychological Characteristics in Patients during Treatment for Tobacco Dependence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies compare mood in tobacco cessation patients with mood in continuing smokers and then estimate the effects of a tobacco cessation program according to status of mood. We investigated whether mood in patients (n = 7) dependent on tobacco improved through the standard Japanese 12-week program for smoking cessation comparing smokers (n = 11) and nonsmokers (n = 16).
  
  
  METHODS
  A brief Japanese version of the short profile of mood states (POMS) was used in this study. The subscale includes 5 negative mood factors (tension-anxiety, depression, anger-hostility, fatigue and confusion-bewilderment) and positive mood factors (vigor-activity). We also examined expiratory CO concentration (ppm), percentage of COHb, urinary nicotine and its metabolite concentration, Brinkman index, and tobacco dependence score (TDS) for both smoking cessation group and smokers group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the short profiles for mood state points in nonsmokers were below 50. Two of TDS items in smoking cessation patients were significantly higher in percentage than those in smokers. Brinkman indices and expiratory CO concentration were significantly higher in smoking cessation patients than those in smokers. The rate of improvement in tension-anxiety points in smoking cessation patients was significantly higher than that in smokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Counseling according to the standard program in the treatment of tobacco dependence may be an effective procedure to improve mood status.
authors: Department of Fundamental Nursing, School of Health Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
authors: Akiko
authors: A
authors: Matsuda
authors: †Division of Pharmacotherapeutics, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
authors: Junichi
authors: J
authors: Hasegawa
authors: †Division of Pharmacotherapeutics, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
authors: Xinhui
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: †Division of Pharmacotherapeutics, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Tsuno
authors: †Division of Pharmacotherapeutics, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
authors: Norimasa
authors: N
authors: Miura
keywords: mood states; psychological characteristic; smoker; smoking cessation; tobacco dependence