title: The impact of Sleep Time-Related Information and Communication Technology (STRICT) on sleep patterns and daytime functioning in American adolescents.
abstract: This cross-sectional study explored the extent and impact of mobile device-based Sleep Time-Related Information and Communication Technology (STRICT) use among American adolescents (N = 3139, 49.3% female, mean age = 13.3 years). Nearly 62% used STRICT after bedtime, 56.7% texted/tweeted/messaged in bed, and 20.8% awoke to texts. STRICT use was associated with insomnia, daytime sleepiness, eveningness, academic underperformance, later bedtimes and shorter sleep duration. Moderation analysis demonstrated that the association between STRICT use and insomnia increased with age, the association between STRICT use and daytime sleepiness decreased with age, and the association between STRICT use and shorter sleep duration decreased with age and was stronger in girls. Insomnia and daytime sleepiness partially mediated the relationship between STRICT use and academic underperformance. Our results illustrate the adverse interactions between adolescent STRICT use and sleep, with deleterious effects on daytime functioning. These worrisome findings suggest that placing reasonable limitations on adolescent STRICT use may be appropriate.
authors: JFK Neuroscience Institute/Seton Hall University, 65 James Street, Edison, NJ 08818, USA.
authors: Peter G
authors: PG
authors: Polos
authors: JFK Neuroscience Institute/Seton Hall University, 65 James Street, Edison, NJ 08818, USA. Electronic address: sbhat2012@yahoo.com.
authors: Sushanth
authors: S
authors: Bhat
authors: JFK Neuroscience Institute/Seton Hall University, 65 James Street, Edison, NJ 08818, USA.
authors: Divya
authors: D
authors: Gupta
authors: Edison Township Public Schools, 312 Pierson Ave, Edison, NJ 08837, USA.
authors: Richard J
authors: RJ
authors: O'Malley
authors: Seton Hall University School of Health and Medical Sciences, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA.
authors: Vincent A
authors: VA
authors: DeBari
authors: JFK Neuroscience Institute/Seton Hall University, 65 James Street, Edison, NJ 08818, USA.
authors: Hinesh
authors: H
authors: Upadhyay
authors: JFK Neuroscience Institute/Seton Hall University, 65 James Street, Edison, NJ 08818, USA.
authors: Saqib
authors: S
authors: Chaudhry
authors: JFK Neuroscience Institute/Seton Hall University, 65 James Street, Edison, NJ 08818, USA.
authors: Anitha
authors: A
authors: Nimma
authors: Seton Hall University School of Health and Medical Sciences, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA.
authors: Genevieve
authors: G
authors: Pinto-Zipp
authors: JFK Neuroscience Institute/Seton Hall University, 65 James Street, Edison, NJ 08818, USA.
authors: Sudhansu
authors: S
authors: Chokroverty
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D040421:Cell Phone / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005221:Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009515:New Jersey / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D061108:Social Media; D060145:Text Messaging; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Adolescents; Mobile phones; STRICT; Sleep; Smartphones; Texting