title: In vitro Cytotoxicity of Bisphenol A in  Monocytes Cell Line.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in the production of many plastics, which are used to build biomaterials that sometimes are in direct contact with blood. It is believed that the release of BPA into bloodstream may give rise to cytotoxic events for blood components. The aim of the present study was to perform an in vitro investigation of the observable cytotoxic effect of BPA, at increasing concentrations, on the monocyte cell line.
  
  
  METHODS
  We incubated in vitro monocyte cells (U937) for 24 h in cell line medium samples (RPMI 1640) at different concentrations of BPA. We then generated curves to evaluate viability, necrosis and apoptosis of monocytes against increasing concentrations of BPA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage values of concentrations of BPA corresponding to 50% of the viability and necrosis of the monocytes were 1.39 and 1.48 ng/ml, respectively. Based on our observations, we reported an increasing cytotoxic effect for higher concentrations. The apoptotic effect reached the maximum value at BPA concentration of 1.5 ng/ml; at still higher concentrations, we observed a predominantly necrotic cell death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Viability, necrosis and apoptosis of monocytes are strongly and positively correlated with BPA concentration. A direct contact of such compound with biological components of blood may lead to high levels of cytotoxicity, and require us to evaluate additional factors while judging the bio-incompatibility of BPA.
authors: Mauro
authors: M
authors: Neri
authors: Grazia Maria
authors: GM
authors: Virzì
authors: Alessandra
authors: A
authors: Brocca
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Garzotto
authors: Jeong Chul
authors: JC
authors: Kim
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Ramponi
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: de Cal
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Lorenzin
authors: Alessandra
authors: A
authors: Brendolan
authors: Federico
authors: F
authors: Nalesso
authors: Monica
authors: M
authors: Zanella
authors: Claudio
authors: C
authors: Ronco
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D009336:Necrosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds