title: Effects of Interrupting Children's Sedentary Behaviors With Activity on Metabolic Function: A Randomized Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Limited data suggest that interrupting sedentary behaviors with activity improves metabolic parameters in adults.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We tested whether interrupting sitting with short, moderate-intensity walking bouts improved glucose tolerance in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants underwent two experimental conditions in random order on different days: continuous sitting for 3 hours or sitting interrupted by walking (3 min of moderate-intensity walking every 30 min). Insulin, C-peptide, glucose, and free fatty acids were measured every 30 minutes for 3 hours during an oral glucose tolerance test. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated from hormone and substrate measurements. Children were given a buffet meal after each condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at the National Institutes of Health Hatfield Clinical Research Center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight normal-weight 7-11 year olds participated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patterns of substrate/hormone secretion and AUC, as well as energy intake, were examined by experimental condition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interrupting sitting resulted in a 32% lower insulin AUC (P < .001), 17% lower C-peptide AUC (P < .001), and 7% lower glucose AUC (P = .018) vs continuous sitting. Mixed model results indicated that insulin (P = .036) and free fatty acid concentrations (P = .009) were significantly lower in the interrupted vs the continuous sitting condition. Lunchtime buffet meal energy intake did not significantly differ between the conditions (975 ± 387 vs 963 ± 309 kcal; P = .85).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interrupting sedentary time with brief moderate-intensity walking improved short-term metabolic function in non-overweight children without increasing subsequent energy intake. These findings suggest that interrupting sedentary behavior may be a promising prevention strategy for reducing cardiometabolic risk in children.
authors: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (B.R.B., D.B.), and Pediatric Oncology Branch (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9762; Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics (B.R.B., A.P., S.M.B., I.L.T., J.A.Y.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1103; Nutrition (S.B.B., A.B.C.), Rehabilitation Medicine (B.E.D.), and Nursing (K.P.S.) Departments, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (R.J.B., J.D.H., K.Y.C.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2560; and Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (D.R.R.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors: Britni R
authors: BR
authors: Belcher
authors: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (B.R.B., D.B.), and Pediatric Oncology Branch (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9762; Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics (B.R.B., A.P., S.M.B., I.L.T., J.A.Y.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1103; Nutrition (S.B.B., A.B.C.), Rehabilitation Medicine (B.E.D.), and Nursing (K.P.S.) Departments, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (R.J.B., J.D.H., K.Y.C.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2560; and Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (D.R.R.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Berrigan
authors: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (B.R.B., D.B.), and Pediatric Oncology Branch (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9762; Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics (B.R.B., A.P., S.M.B., I.L.T., J.A.Y.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1103; Nutrition (S.B.B., A.B.C.), Rehabilitation Medicine (B.E.D.), and Nursing (K.P.S.) Departments, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (R.J.B., J.D.H., K.Y.C.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2560; and Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (D.R.R.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors: Alexia
authors: A
authors: Papachristopoulou
authors: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (B.R.B., D.B.), and Pediatric Oncology Branch (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9762; Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics (B.R.B., A.P., S.M.B., I.L.T., J.A.Y.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1103; Nutrition (S.B.B., A.B.C.), Rehabilitation Medicine (B.E.D.), and Nursing (K.P.S.) Departments, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (R.J.B., J.D.H., K.Y.C.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2560; and Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (D.R.R.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors: Sheila M
authors: SM
authors: Brady
authors: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (B.R.B., D.B.), and Pediatric Oncology Branch (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9762; Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics (B.R.B., A.P., S.M.B., I.L.T., J.A.Y.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1103; Nutrition (S.B.B., A.B.C.), Rehabilitation Medicine (B.E.D.), and Nursing (K.P.S.) Departments, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (R.J.B., J.D.H., K.Y.C.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2560; and Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (D.R.R.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors: Shanna B
authors: SB
authors: Bernstein
authors: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (B.R.B., D.B.), and Pediatric Oncology Branch (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9762; Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics (B.R.B., A.P., S.M.B., I.L.T., J.A.Y.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1103; Nutrition (S.B.B., A.B.C.), Rehabilitation Medicine (B.E.D.), and Nursing (K.P.S.) Departments, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (R.J.B., J.D.H., K.Y.C.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2560; and Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (D.R.R.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors: Robert J
authors: RJ
authors: Brychta
authors: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (B.R.B., D.B.), and Pediatric Oncology Branch (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9762; Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics (B.R.B., A.P., S.M.B., I.L.T., J.A.Y.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1103; Nutrition (S.B.B., A.B.C.), Rehabilitation Medicine (B.E.D.), and Nursing (K.P.S.) Departments, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (R.J.B., J.D.H., K.Y.C.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2560; and Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (D.R.R.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors: Jacob D
authors: JD
authors: Hattenbach
authors: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (B.R.B., D.B.), and Pediatric Oncology Branch (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9762; Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics (B.R.B., A.P., S.M.B., I.L.T., J.A.Y.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1103; Nutrition (S.B.B., A.B.C.), Rehabilitation Medicine (B.E.D.), and Nursing (K.P.S.) Departments, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (R.J.B., J.D.H., K.Y.C.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2560; and Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (D.R.R.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors: Ira L
authors: IL
authors: Tigner
authors: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (B.R.B., D.B.), and Pediatric Oncology Branch (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9762; Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics (B.R.B., A.P., S.M.B., I.L.T., J.A.Y.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1103; Nutrition (S.B.B., A.B.C.), Rehabilitation Medicine (B.E.D.), and Nursing (K.P.S.) Departments, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (R.J.B., J.D.H., K.Y.C.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2560; and Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (D.R.R.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors: Amber B
authors: AB
authors: Courville
authors: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (B.R.B., D.B.), and Pediatric Oncology Branch (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9762; Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics (B.R.B., A.P., S.M.B., I.L.T., J.A.Y.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1103; Nutrition (S.B.B., A.B.C.), Rehabilitation Medicine (B.E.D.), and Nursing (K.P.S.) Departments, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (R.J.B., J.D.H., K.Y.C.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2560; and Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (D.R.R.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors: Bart E
authors: BE
authors: Drinkard
authors: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (B.R.B., D.B.), and Pediatric Oncology Branch (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9762; Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics (B.R.B., A.P., S.M.B., I.L.T., J.A.Y.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1103; Nutrition (S.B.B., A.B.C.), Rehabilitation Medicine (B.E.D.), and Nursing (K.P.S.) Departments, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (R.J.B., J.D.H., K.Y.C.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2560; and Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (D.R.R.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors: Kevin P
authors: KP
authors: Smith
authors: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (B.R.B., D.B.), and Pediatric Oncology Branch (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9762; Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics (B.R.B., A.P., S.M.B., I.L.T., J.A.Y.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1103; Nutrition (S.B.B., A.B.C.), Rehabilitation Medicine (B.E.D.), and Nursing (K.P.S.) Departments, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (R.J.B., J.D.H., K.Y.C.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2560; and Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (D.R.R.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors: Douglas R
authors: DR
authors: Rosing
authors: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (B.R.B., D.B.), and Pediatric Oncology Branch (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9762; Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics (B.R.B., A.P., S.M.B., I.L.T., J.A.Y.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1103; Nutrition (S.B.B., A.B.C.), Rehabilitation Medicine (B.E.D.), and Nursing (K.P.S.) Departments, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (R.J.B., J.D.H., K.Y.C.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2560; and Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (D.R.R.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors: Pamela L
authors: PL
authors: Wolters
authors: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (B.R.B., D.B.), and Pediatric Oncology Branch (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9762; Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics (B.R.B., A.P., S.M.B., I.L.T., J.A.Y.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1103; Nutrition (S.B.B., A.B.C.), Rehabilitation Medicine (B.E.D.), and Nursing (K.P.S.) Departments, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (R.J.B., J.D.H., K.Y.C.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2560; and Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (D.R.R.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors: Kong Y
authors: KY
authors: Chen
authors: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (B.R.B., D.B.), and Pediatric Oncology Branch (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9762; Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics (B.R.B., A.P., S.M.B., I.L.T., J.A.Y.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1103; Nutrition (S.B.B., A.B.C.), Rehabilitation Medicine (B.E.D.), and Nursing (K.P.S.) Departments, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (R.J.B., J.D.H., K.Y.C.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2560; and Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (D.R.R.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors: Jack A
authors: JA
authors: Yanovski
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin