title: Evaluating Utility Gloves as a Potential Reservoir for Pathogenic Bacteria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This pilot study sought to determine the rate and degree to which gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus occurred on the inside of utility gloves used at University of Maine at Augusta, Dental Health Programs' dental hygiene clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five steam autoclave utility gloves were randomly selected to serve as control and a convenience sample of 10 used utility gloves were selected from the sterilization area. A sample was collected from a predetermined surface area from the inside of each steam autoclave utility glove and used utility glove. Each sample was used to inoculate a Petri plate containing 2 types of culture media. Samples were incubated at 37° C for 30 to 36 hours in aerobic conditions. Colony forming units (CFU) were counted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Confidence intervals (CI) estimated the rate of contamination with gram-negative K. pneumoniae, E. coli and P. aeruginosa on the inside of steam autoclave utility gloves to be n=33 95% CL [0.000, 0.049], used utility gloves to be n=70, 95% CL [0.000, 0.0303]. Data estimated the rate of contamination with gram-positive S. aureus on the inside of steam autoclave utility gloves to be n=35, 95% CL [0.233, 0.530], used utility gloves to be n=70, 95% CL [0.2730, 0.4975]. Culture media expressed a wide range of CFU from 0 to over 200.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk of utility glove contamination with gram-negative bacteria is likely low. The expressed growth of S. aureus from steam autoclave utility gloves controls raises questions about the effectiveness and safety of generally accepted sterilization standards for the governmentally mandated use of utility gloves.
authors: Kathy L
authors: KL
authors: Grant
authors: E Donald
authors: ED
authors: Naber
authors: William A
authors: WA
authors: Halteman
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000517:prevention & control; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D017575:Gloves, Protective / Q000382:microbiology*; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission; D006225:Hand / Q000382:microbiology; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D013242:Sterilization
keywords: dental hygiene; infection control; pathogenic bacteria; utility gloves