title: Several Conventional Risk Markers Suggesting Presence of Albuminuria Are Weak Among Rural Africans With Hypertension.
abstract: The objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate risk markers indicating the presence of albuminuria in patients with hypertension in rural sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Urine albumin-creatinine ratio, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c ), blood pressure, anthropometry, and other patient characteristics including medications were assessed. We identified 160 patients with hypertension, of whom 68 (42.5%) were co-diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM). Among the included participants, 57 (35.6%) had albuminuria (microalbuminuria [n=43] and macroalbuminuria [n=14]). A backward multivariate logistic regression model identified age (per 10-year increment) (odds ratio [OR], 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.95), HbA1c >53 compared with <48 mmol/mol (OR, 3.81; 95% CI, 1.74-8.35), and treatment with dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (OR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.09-6.16) as the variables significantly associated with albuminuria. Only dysregulated DM and age were the conventional risk markers that seemed to suggest albuminuria among patients with hypertension in rural SSA.
authors: Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen.|Department of Internal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev.
authors: Jon B
authors: JB
authors: Rasmussen
authors: Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen.
authors: Lovisa S
authors: LS
authors: Nordin
authors: Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen.
authors: Jakúp A
authors: JA
authors: Thomsen
authors: Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte.|Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen.|Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Rossing
authors: Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen.
authors: Ib C
authors: IC
authors: Bygbjerg
authors: Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen.
authors: Dirk L
authors: DL
authors: Christensen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk; D012424:Rural Population; D015024:Zambia
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin