title: Combinatorial effects of epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor 2 and insulin-like growth factor 1 on trophoblast cell proliferation and embryogenesis in cattle.
abstract: Uterine secretions are crucial for conceptus development in mammals. This is especially important for species that undergo extended preimplantation development, like cattle and other ungulates. The present study examined cooperative interactions for epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) on the proliferation of the bovine trophoblast cell line CT1 and bovine embryo development. Proliferation of CT1 cells increased after supplementation of the culture medium with 10ngmL-1EGF, 10ngmL-1FGF2 or 50ngmL-1IGF1, as well as with any combination of two factors. Greater increases in CT1 cell proliferation were detected when the growth medium was supplemented with all three factors. Supplementing the culture medium with individual or multiple factors during bovine embryo culture resulted in several positive outcomes, including increased blastocyst development, expansion, and hatching to varying degrees depending on the particular factor or combination of factors. Supplementation of the culture medium with all three factors increased embryonic trophoblast cell numbers on Day 8, as well as hatching rates and blastocyst diameter on Day 12 after fertilisation. Western blot analyses and the use of pharmacological inhibitors suggest that EGF and IGF1 affect CT1 proliferation by activating mitogen-activated protein kinase 3/1, whereas FGF2 activates AKT. In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicate that there are cooperative interactions among EGF, FGF2 and IGF1 that enhance trophoblast cell development during early embryogenesis.
authors: Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, 175 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Xie
authors: Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, 175 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
authors: Sarah R
authors: SR
authors: McCoski
authors: Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, 175 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
authors: Sally E
authors: SE
authors: Johnson
authors: Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, 175 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
authors: Michelle L
authors: ML
authors: Rhoads
authors: Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, 175 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
authors: Alan D
authors: AD
authors: Ealy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I