title: Controversies and Misconceptions in Intensive Care Unit Nutrition.
abstract: The early initiation of enteral nutrition remains a fundamental component of the management of critically ill and injured patients in the intensive care unit. Trophic feeding is equivalent, if not superior, to full-dose feeding. Parenteral nutrition has no proved benefit over enteral nutrition, which is the preferred route of nutritional support in intensive care unit patients with a functional gastrointestinal tract. Continuous enteral and parental nutrition inhibits the release of important enterohormones. These changes are reversed with intermittent bolus feeding. Whey protein, which is high in leucine, has a greater effect on insulin release and protein synthesis than does a soy- or casein-based enteral formula.
authors: Eastern Virginia Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, 825 Fairfax Avenue, Suite 410, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA. Electronic address: hoopermh@evms.edu.
authors: Michael H
authors: MH
authors: Hooper
authors: Eastern Virginia Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, 825 Fairfax Avenue, Suite 410, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA.
authors: Paul E
authors: PE
authors: Marik
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Critical care nutrition; Enteral nutrition; ICU nutrition; Nutrition; Parenteral nutrition; Trophic feeding