title: Detection of the F129L mutation in the cytochrome b gene in Phakopsora pachyrhizi.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Asian soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is mostly controlled by demethylation inhibitor (DMI) and quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides. Mutations in the cytochrome b (CYTB) gene can lead to pathogen resistance to QoIs. The occurrence of the mutations in codons 129, 137 and 143 in the CYTB gene was investigated, and a pyrosequencing assay was developed for rapid and quantitative detection of the F129L mutation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Molecular analysis of the CYTB gene showed the presence of the F129L mutation in field samples and monouredinial isolates, while other mutations (G143A and G137R) were not found. The pyrosequencing was an effective method for quantitative detection of the F129L mutation, and many of the P. pachyrhizi samples showed high frequency of F129L.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report of the occurrence of the F129L mutation in P. pachyrhizi. The practical relevance of this mutation for field efficacy of QoIs needs further investigation. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors: Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors: Ana C
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3418-7873
authors: AC
authors: Klosowski
authors: Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors: Louise L
authors: LL
authors: May De Mio
authors: BASF SE, Limburgerhof, Germany.
authors: Simone
authors: S
authors: Miessner
authors: BASF SA, Estação Experimental Agrícola, Santo Antônio de Posse, Brazil.
authors: Ronaldo
authors: R
authors: Rodrigues
authors: BASF SE, Limburgerhof, Germany.
authors: Gerd
authors: G
authors: Stammler
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution / Q000235:genetics; D045303:Cytochromes b / Q000235:genetics*; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal / Q000235:genetics*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology; D005800:Genes, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D000067563:Phakopsora pachyrhizi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D045303:Cytochromes b
keywords: Asian soybean rust; QoI fungicides; cytochrome b; fungicide resistance; point mutation