title: Facial reanimation using hypoglossal-facial neurorrhaphy with end-to-side coaptation between the jump interpositional nerve graft and hypoglossal nerve: Outcome and duration of preoperative paralysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this report, we described the use of hypoglossal-facial neurorrhaphy with end-to-side coaptation between the jump interpositional nerve graft and the hypoglossal nerve for facial reanimation and analyzed the relationship between the outcome of surgery and duration of preoperative paralysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed hypoglossal-facial neurorrhaphy with the jump interpositional nerve graft on nine men and 10 women with unilateral complete facial paralysis. The patients, with a mean age of 39.7 ± 18.1 years (range, 8-65 years) at the time of surgery, experienced preoperative paralysis ranging from 1 to 150 months (mean, 16.9 ± 34.9 months). The movement of the corners of the mouth was evaluated 12 months after surgery using a unique method based on the House-Brackmann grading scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean follow-up was 5.6 ± 1.6 years (range, 3-9 years). The movement of the corners of mouth was classified as excellent in two cases, good in seven cases, fair in two cases, and poor in eight cases. Nine of the 11 cases with preoperative paralysis of 6 months or less had excellent or good results, whereas none of the eight cases with preoperative paralysis of 7 months or longer yielded excellent or good results, showing a significant difference (P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To achieve successful reanimation of the corners of the mouth, hypoglossal-facial neurorrhaphy with end-to-side coaptation between the jump interpositional nerve graft and the hypoglossal nerve should be performed within 6 months after the onset of facial nerve paralysis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:460-466, 2016.
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan. oktms-okt@umin.ac.jp.
authors: Masayuki
authors: M
authors: Okochi
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
authors: Kazuki
authors: K
authors: Ueda
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
authors: Hiromi
authors: H
authors: Okochi
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
authors: Emiko
authors: E
authors: Asai
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
authors: Takao
authors: T
authors: Sakaba
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
authors: Akiyoshi
authors: A
authors: Kajikawa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000601:surgery*; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007002:Hypoglossal Nerve / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult