title: Sulfur dioxide residue in sulfur-fumigated edible herbs: The fewer, the safer?
abstract: The residual content of sulfur dioxide is frequently regarded as the exclusive indicator in the safety evaluation of sulfur-fumigated edible herbs. To examine the feasibility of such assessment criteria, here the variations in residual sulfur dioxide content during sulfur-fumigation and the potential mechanisms involved were investigated, using Angelicae Sinensis Radix (ASR) as a model herb. The residual sulfur dioxide content and ten major bioactive components in sulfur-fumigated ASR samples were dynamically examined at 13 successive time points within 72 h sulfur-fumigation. The relationship between the content variation tendency of sulfur dioxide and the ten chemicals was discussed. The results suggested that sulfur dioxide-involved chemical transformation of the original components in ASR might cause large consumption of residual sulfur dioxide during sulfur-fumigation. It implies that without considering the induced chemical transformation of bioactive components, the residual sulfur dioxide content alone might be inadequate to comprehensively evaluate the safety of sulfur-fumigated herbs.
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
authors: Su-Min
authors: SM
authors: Duan
authors: School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Xu
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
authors: Ying-Jia
authors: YJ
authors: Bai
authors: No. 359 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Zhenjiang 212001, PR China.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Ding
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Kong
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
authors: Huan-Huan
authors: HH
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
authors: Xiu-Yang
authors: XY
authors: Li
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
authors: Qing-Shan
authors: QS
authors: Zhang
authors: School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong.
authors: Hu-Biao
authors: HB
authors: Chen
authors: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China. Electronic address: liulifang69@126.com.
authors: Li-Fang
authors: LF
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, PR China. Electronic address: songlinli64@126.com.
authors: Song-Lin
authors: SL
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry*; D005651:Fumigation / Q000379:methods*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide
keywords: (E)-ligustilide (PubChem CID: 5877292); (Z)-ligustilide (PubChem CID: 529865); Angelicae Sinensis Radix; Butylidenephthalide (PubChem CID: 642376); Chemical transformation; Coniferyl ferulate (PubChem CID: 6441913); Ferulic acid (PubChem CID: 445858); Levistolide A (PubChem CID: 70698035); Riligustilide (PubChem CID: 6442656); Senkyunolide A (PubChem CID: 3085257); Senkyunolide H (PubChem CID: 5316704); Senkyunolide I (PubChem CID: 11521428); Sulfur dioxide residue; Sulfur-fumigation; Variation tendency