title: Mangiferin and naringenin affect the photostability and phototoxicity of sunscreens containing avobenzone.
abstract: Efficient UV-absorbing molecules are designed to protect against UV-light exposure. However, the development of photostable sunscreens is important to preserve the photoprotective efficacy and to prevent the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and photodegradation products, which can promote phototoxic or photoallergic contact dermatitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of mangiferin and naringenin on the photostability and phototoxicity of sunscreens containing avobenzone. Cosmetic sunscreen formulations containing octocrylene (OCT), octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) and avobenzone (AVO) were prepared and supplemented or not with mangiferin, naringenin, or with both compounds in combination. For photostability studies, samples of the formulations were spread onto glass plates, exposed to UVA radiation and then analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine UV filters and the antioxidants recovery. The phototoxicity of the UV filters and antioxidants was evaluated using 3T3 fibroblast cultures that were subjected (or not) to irradiation according to OECD TG 432. The photostability studies demonstrated that AVO and naringenin showed the highest photodegradation when present in formulation FN (containing octocrylene, avobenzone, octyl methoxycinnamate and naringenin). The addition of mangiferin to this combination (FMN) resulted in an improved photostability of both substances compared to FN. The in vitro phototoxicity test showed that only avobenzone was considered phototoxic. The combination containing AVO/naringenin exhibited phototoxic potential; however, this was reduced by the addition of mangiferin (combination CMN). The results of this study are promising because it was demonstrated that mangiferin could increase the photostability and reduce the phototoxic potential of the combination of naringenin and AVO.
authors: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Camila Martins
authors: CM
authors: Kawakami
authors: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: lorena@fcfrp.usp.br.
authors: Lorena Rigo
authors: LR
authors: Gaspar
mesh_terms: D000179:Acrylates / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D017484:Dermatitis, Phototoxic / Q000209:etiology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004355:Drug Stability; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D044950:Flavanones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011427:Propiophenones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D044004:Xanthones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates; D002934:Cinnamates; D004338:Drug Combinations; D044950:Flavanones; D011427:Propiophenones; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D044004:Xanthones; C013592:mangiferin; C118580:octylmethoxycinnamate; C088673:octocrylene; C049935:avobenzone; C005273:naringenin
keywords: Avobenzone; Mangiferin; Naringenin; Photostability; Phototoxicity