title: Epileptic encephalopathies: Optimizing seizure control and developmental outcome.
abstract: Cognitive and developmental outcomes in patients with epileptic encephalopathy are hypothesized to result from an interplay between the underlying epileptic pathologic substrate and the acquired consequences of frequent and repetitive seizures and epileptiform discharges that often straddle the interictal and ictal boundaries. This article briefly reviews the evidence related to this assumption, presents critical questions that need to be answered to clarify this relationship, and advances a set of concrete steps that may help improve developmental patient outcomes.
authors: Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.
authors: Lara
authors: L
authors: Jehi
authors: Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.
authors: Elaine
authors: E
authors: Wyllie
authors: NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York, New York, U.S.A.
authors: Orrin
authors: O
authors: Devinsky
mesh_terms: D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000209:etiology*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans
keywords: Development; Epileptic encephalopathy; Pediatric epilepsy