title: The Incremental Induction of Neuroprotective Properties by Multiple Therapeutic Strategies for Primary and Secondary Neural Injury.
abstract: Neural diseases including injury by endogenous factors, traumatic brain injury, and degenerative neural injury are eventually due to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus ROS generation in neural tissues is a hallmark feature of numerous forms of neural diseases. Neural degeneration and the neural damage process is complex, involving a vast array of tissue structure, transcriptional/translational, electrochemical, metabolic, and functional events within the intact neighbors surrounding injured neural tissues. During aging, multiple changes involving physical, chemical, and biochemical processes occur from the molecular to the morphological levels in neural tissues. Among many recommended therapeutic candidates, melatonin also plays a role in protecting the nervous system from anti-inflammation and efficiently safeguards neuronal cells via antioxidants and other endogenous/exogenous beneficial factors. Therefore, given the wide range of mechanisms responsible for neuronal damage, multi-action drugs or therapies for the treatment of neural injury that make use of two or more agents and target several pathways may have greater efficacy in promoting functional recovery than a single therapy alone.
authors: Department of Physical Therapy, College of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea. charm-soo@hanmail.net.|Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea. charm-soo@hanmail.net.|Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea. charm-soo@hanmail.net.
authors: Seunghoon
authors: S
authors: Lee
authors: Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea. charm-soo@hanmail.net.|Department of Physical Therapy, College of Life Sciences, Kyungnam University, Changwon 51767, Korea. charm-soo@hanmail.net.
authors: Sookyoung
authors: S
authors: Park
authors: Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea. charm-soo@hanmail.net.|Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea. charm-soo@hanmail.net.|Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea. charm-soo@hanmail.net.
authors: Jinyoung
authors: J
authors: Won
authors: National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang 28116, Korea. srlee@kribb.re.kr.
authors: Sang-Rae
authors: SR
authors: Lee
authors: National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang 28116, Korea. srlee@kribb.re.kr.
authors: Kyu-Tae
authors: KT
authors: Chang
authors: Department of Physical Therapy, College of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea. yonghong@inje.ac.kr.|Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea. yonghong@inje.ac.kr.|Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea. yonghong@inje.ac.kr.|Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea. yonghong@inje.ac.kr.
authors: Yonggeun
authors: Y
authors: Hong
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008550:Melatonin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D020196:Trauma, Nervous System / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D008550:Melatonin
keywords: exercise; melatonin; neural damages; risk factors; therapeutic intervention