title: Improving Child Oral Health: Cost Analysis of a National Nursery Toothbrushing Programme.
abstract: Dental caries is one of the most common diseases of childhood. The aim of this study was to compare the cost of providing the Scotland-wide nursery toothbrushing programme with associated National Health Service (NHS) cost savings from improvements in the dental health of five-year-old children: through avoided dental extractions, fillings and potential treatments for decay.
  
  
  METHODS
  Estimated costs of the nursery toothbrushing programme in 2011/12 were requested from all Scottish Health Boards. Unit costs of a filled, extracted and decayed primary tooth were calculated using verifiable sources of information. Total costs associated with dental treatments were estimated for the period from 1999/00 to 2009/10. These costs were based on the unit costs above and using the data of the National Dental Inspection Programme and then extrapolated to the population level. Expected cost savings were calculated for each of the subsequent years in comparison with the 2001/02 dental treatment costs. Population standardised analysis of hypothetical cohorts of 1000 children per deprivation category was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The estimated cost of the nursery toothbrushing programme in Scotland was £1,762,621 per year. The estimated cost of dental treatments in the baseline year 2001/02 was £8,766,297, while in 2009/10 it was £4,035,200. In 2002/03 the costs of dental treatments increased by £213,380 (2.4%). In the following years the costs decreased dramatically with the estimated annual savings ranging from £1,217,255 in 2003/04 (13.9% of costs in 2001/02) to £4,731,097 in 2009/10 (54.0%). Population standardised analysis by deprivation groups showed that the largest decrease in modelled costs was for the most deprived cohort of children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The NHS costs associated with the dental treatments for five-year-old children decreased over time. In the eighth year of the toothbrushing programme the expected savings were more than two and a half times the costs of the programme implementation.
authors: Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors: Yulia
authors: Y
authors: Anopa
authors: Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors: Alex D
authors: AD
authors: McMahon
authors: Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors: David I
authors: DI
authors: Conway
authors: NHS Fife, Leven, United Kingdom.
authors: Graham E
authors: GE
authors: Ball
authors: Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors: Emma
authors: E
authors: McIntosh
authors: Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors: Lorna M D
authors: LM
authors: Macpherson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003729:Dental Care / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009909:Oral Health / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D062486:Public Health Surveillance; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D014099:Toothbrushing