title: Pre-sedation and transport of Rhamdia quelen in water containing essential oil of Lippia alba: metabolic and physiological responses.
abstract: The effects of transporting silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) for 6 h in plastic bags containing 0 (control), 30 or 40 µL/L of essential oil (EO) from Lippia alba leaves were investigated. Prior to transport, the fish in the two experimental groups were sedated with 200 µL/L of EO for 3 min. After transport, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, alkalinity, water hardness, pH, temperature and un-ionized ammonia levels in the transport water did not differ significantly among the groups. However, total ammonia nitrogen levels and net Na(+), Cl(-) and K(+) effluxes were significantly lower in the groups transported with EO of L. alba than those in the control group. PvO2, PvCO2 and HCO3(-) were higher after transporting fish in 40 µL/L of EO of L. alba, but there were no significant differences between groups regarding blood pH or hematocrit. Cortisol levels were significantly higher in fish transported in 30 µL/L of EO of L. alba compared to those of the control group. The metabolic parameters (glycogen, lactate, total amino acid, total ammonia and total protein) showed different responses after adding EO to the transport water. In conclusion, while the EO of L. alba is recommended for fish transport in the conditions tested in the present study because it was effective in reducing waterborne total ammonia levels and net ion loss, the higher hepatic oxidative stress in this species with the same EO concentrations reported by a previous study led us to conclude that the 10-20 µL/L concentration range of EO and lack of pre-sedation before transport are more effective.
authors: CIMAR - Laboratório Associado, Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
authors: Alexssandro G
authors: AG
authors: Becker
authors: Curso de Farmácia da Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Prédio 9, Avenida Batista Bonoto Sobrinho 733, Santiago, RS, 97700-000, Brazil.
authors: Thaylise V
authors: TV
authors: Parodi
authors: Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
authors: Carla C
authors: CC
authors: Zeppenfeld
authors: Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
authors: Joseânia
authors: J
authors: Salbego
authors: Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
authors: Mauro A
authors: MA
authors: Cunha
authors: Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
authors: Clarissa G
authors: CG
authors: Heldwein
authors: Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
authors: Vania L
authors: VL
authors: Loro
authors: Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
authors: Berta M
authors: BM
authors: Heinzmann
authors: Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil. bbaldisserotto@hotmail.com.
authors: Bernardo
authors: B
authors: Baldisserotto
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D002397:Catfishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D032411:Lippia; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D018515:Plant Leaves; D014186:Transportation; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D029941:Fish Proteins; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D014867:Water; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D019344:Lactic Acid; D000641:Ammonia; D006003:Glycogen; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Anesthetics; Blood gases; Cortisol; Ion fluxes; Silver catfish; Transport of fish