title: Probiotics as Complementary Treatment for Metabolic Disorders.
abstract: Over the past decade, growing evidence has established the gut microbiota as one of the most important determinants of metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Indeed, obesogenic diet can drastically alter bacterial populations (i.e., dysbiosis) leading to activation of pro-inflammatory mechanisms and metabolic endotoxemia, therefore promoting insulin resistance and cardiometabolic disorders. To counteract these deleterious effects, probiotic strains have been developed with the aim of reshaping the microbiome to improve gut health. In this review, we focus on benefits of widely used probiotics describing their potential mechanisms of action, especially their ability to decrease metabolic endotoxemia by restoring the disrupted intestinal mucosal barrier. We also discuss the perspective of using new bacterial strains such as butyrate-producing bacteria and the mucolytic Akkermansia muciniphila, as well as the use of prebiotics to enhance the functionality of probiotics. Finally, this review introduces the notion of genetically engineered bacterial strains specifically developed to deliver anti-inflammatory molecules to the gut.
authors: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Québec, QC, Canada. ; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada. ; University of Bordeaux, UMR 5248, CBMN, Bordeaux, France.
authors: Mélanie
authors: M
authors: Le Barz
authors: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Québec, QC, Canada. ; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors: Fernando F
authors: FF
authors: Anhê
authors: Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors: Thibaut V
authors: TV
authors: Varin
authors: Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors: Yves
authors: Y
authors: Desjardins
authors: Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada. ; Research Centre, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada. ; Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors: Emile
authors: E
authors: Levy
authors: Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors: Denis
authors: D
authors: Roy
authors: University of Bordeaux, UMR 5248, CBMN, Bordeaux, France.
authors: Maria C
authors: MC
authors: Urdaci
authors: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Québec, QC, Canada. ; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors: André
authors: A
authors: Marette
keywords: Gut permeability; Insulin resistance; Metabolic disorders; Mucosal barrier; Obesity; Probiotics