title: Occurrence, source identification and ecological risk evaluation of metal elements in surface sediment: toward a comprehensive understanding of heavy metal pollution in Chaohu Lake, Eastern China.
abstract: In the present study, surface sediment samples from 48 sites covering the whole water area and three main estuaries of Chaohu Lake were collected to determine the concentrations of 25 metal elements using microwave-assisted digestion combined with ICP-MS. Spatial variation, source appointments, and contamination evaluation were examined using multivariate statistical techniques and pollution indices. The results show that for the elements Cd, Pb, Zr, Hf, U, Sr, Zn, Th, Rb, Sn, Cs, Tl, Bi, and Ba, which had higher coefficients of variation (CV), the concentrations were significantly higher in the eastern lake than in the western lake, but other elements with low CV values did not show spatial differences. The accumulation of Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Cd, Sn, Cs, Ba, Hf, Ta, Tl, Pb, Bi, U, and Th in the surface sediments was inferred as long-term agricultural cultivation impact, but that of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, and Ni may have been a natural occurrence. The contribution from industrial and municipal impact was negligible, despite the rapid urbanization around the studied area. Principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR) predicted the contribution from agricultural activities to range from 0.45 ± 1.31% for Co to 92.7 ± 17.7% for Cd. The results of the pollution indices indicate that Chaohu Lake was weakly to moderately affected by Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, and Ni but was severely contaminated by Hf and Cd. The overall pollution level in the eastern lake was higher than that in the western lake with respect to the pollution level index (PLI). Therefore, our results can help comprehensively understand the sediment contamination by metals in Chaohu Lake.
authors: School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China. wangjizh@hfut.edu.cn.|Laboratory for Nanomineralogy and Environmental Material, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China. wangjizh@hfut.edu.cn.
authors: Ji-Zhong
authors: JZ
authors: Wang
authors: School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.|Laboratory for Nanomineralogy and Environmental Material, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
authors: Shu-Chuan
authors: SC
authors: Peng
authors: School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.|Laboratory for Nanomineralogy and Environmental Material, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
authors: Tian-Hu
authors: TH
authors: Chen
authors: Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.|Anhui Academy of Environmental Science Research, Hefei, 230071, China.
authors: Liu
authors: L
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium; D002681:China; D004463:Ecology; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D063366:Estuaries; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D060106:Lakes; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D002104:Cadmium; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Contamination assessments; Metal elements; Sources appointment; Spatial variation