title: Tip-of-the-Iceberg Fractures: Small Fractures That Mean Big Trouble.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several small and seemingly unimportant fractures are associated with other more serious injuries, usually to adjacent soft tissues. The purpose of this article is to discuss 11 of these injuries, in each case describing the fracture (the tip) and the injuries that lie beneath the surface (the iceberg).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some fractures should be considered analogous to the tip of an iceberg. Their recognition is important because the commonly associated injuries, which are often more serious than the fracture itself, are typically not evident on radiographs and require advanced imaging for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
authors: 1 Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, 1215 Lee St, Box 800170, Charlottesville, VA 22908.
authors: Jennifer L
authors: JL
authors: Pierce
authors: 1 Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, 1215 Lee St, Box 800170, Charlottesville, VA 22908.
authors: Erin C
authors: EC
authors: McCrum
authors: 1 Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, 1215 Lee St, Box 800170, Charlottesville, VA 22908.
authors: Alexandra K
authors: AK
authors: Rozas
authors: 1 Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, 1215 Lee St, Box 800170, Charlottesville, VA 22908.
authors: Dawn M
authors: DM
authors: Hrelic
authors: 1 Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, 1215 Lee St, Box 800170, Charlottesville, VA 22908.
authors: Mark W
authors: MW
authors: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis; D005360:Fibula / Q000293:injuries; D033023:Foot Joints / Q000293:injuries; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000175:diagnosis; D010329:Patella / Q000293:injuries; D016119:Posterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000293:injuries; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis; D000092464:Elbow Injuries
keywords: Lisfranc fracture; Segond fracture; arcuate; avulsion; stress