title: Profiling monoterpenol glycoconjugation in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Muscat of Alexandria using a novel putative compound database approach, high resolution mass spectrometry and collision induced dissociation fragmentation analysis.
abstract: In this work we present a novel approach for the identification of plant metabolites using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to accurate mass time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The workflow involves developing an in-house compound database consisting of exact masses of previously identified as well as putative compounds. The database is used to screen accurate mass spectrometry (MS) data to identify possible compound matches. Subsequent tandem MS data is acquired for possible matches and used for structural elucidation. The methodology is applied to profile monoterpene glycosides in Vitis vinifera cv. Muscat of Alexandria grape berries over three developmental stages. Monoterpenes are a subclass of terpenes, the largest class of plant secondary metabolites, and are found in two major forms in the plant, "bound" to one or more sugar moieties or "free" of said sugar moieties. In the free form, monoterpenes are noted for their fragrance and play important roles in plant defense and as attractants for pollinators. However, glycoconjugation renders these compounds odorless, and it is this form that the plant uses for monoterpene storage. In order to gain insight into monoterpene biochemistry and their fate in the plant an analysis of intact glycosides is essential. Eighteen monoterpene glycosides were identified including a monoterpene trisaccharide glycoside, which is tentatively identified here for this first time in any plant. Additionally, while previous studies have identified monoterpene malonylated glucosides in other grapevine tissue, we tentatively identify them for the first time in grape berries. This analytical approach can be readily applied to other plants and the workflow approach can also be used for other classes of compounds. This approach, in general, provides researchers with data to support the identification of putative compounds, which is especially useful when no standard is available.
authors: Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Food Safety and Measurement Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
authors: Anna K
authors: AK
authors: Hjelmeland
authors: Agilent Technologies, Inc., Wilmington, DE, 19808, USA.
authors: Jerry
authors: J
authors: Zweigenbaum
authors: Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Food Safety and Measurement Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. Electronic address: seebeler@ucdavis.edu.
authors: Susan E
authors: SE
authors: Ebeler
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D016208:Databases, Factual; D006027:Glycosides / Q000032:analysis*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000032:analysis*; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D006027:Glycosides; D039821:Monoterpenes
keywords: Aroma; Glycoconjugation; Glycosides; Grapes; Monoterpenes; Quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry; UHPLC; Ultra high pressure liquid chromatography; qTOF MS