title: Synergistic effect of fluoride and sodium hexametaphosphate in toothpaste on enamel demineralization in situ.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of a fluoride dentifrice containing sodium hexametaphosphate (HMP) on enamel demineralization in situ.
  
  
  METHODS
  This double-blind and cross-over study consisted of 3 phases (7 days each) in which 12 volunteers wore intraoral appliances containing four enamel bovine blocks. Specimens were treated (3×/day) with placebo (no F or HMP), 1100ppm F (1100F) and 1100F plus HMP1% (1100F-HMP1%) toothpastes, and the cariogenic challenge was performed using a 30% sucrose solution (6×/day). Final surface hardness, the percentage of surface hardness loss (%SH), the integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔKHN), as well as enamel calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and firmly-bound fluoride (F) were determined. Also, biofilm formed on the blocks were analyzed for F, Ca, P and insoluble extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) concentrations. Data were submitted 1-way ANOVA, followed by Student-Newman-Keuls' test (p<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  1100F-HMP1% promoted the lowest %SH and ΔKHN among all groups (p<0.001). The addition of HMP1% to 1100F did not enhance enamel F uptake, but significantly increased enamel Ca concentrations (p<0.001). Similar EPS concentrations were seen for 1100F-HMP1% and 1100F groups (p>0.05). All the groups were supersaturated with respect to HA. However, only 1100F-HMP1% group was supersaturated with respect to CaF2 (p<0.05). The ionic activities of F(-), CaF(+) and HF(0) for the 1100F-HMP1% group were the highest among all groups (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of HMP1% to a conventional toothpaste significantly reduces enamel demineralization in situ when compared to 1100F.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This dentifrice could be a viable alternative to patients at high risk of caries.
authors: Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, R. José Bonifácio 1193, 16015-050 Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
authors: Danielle Mendes
authors: DM
authors: da Camara
authors: Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, R. José Bonifácio 1193, 16015-050 Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
authors: Juliano Pelim
authors: JP
authors: Pessan
authors: Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, R. José Bonifácio 1193, 16015-050 Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
authors: Tamires Melo
authors: TM
authors: Francati
authors: Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, R. José Bonifácio 1193, 16015-050 Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
authors: José Antonio
authors: JA
authors: Santos Souza
authors: Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, R. José Bonifácio 1193, 16015-050 Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
authors: Marcelle
authors: M
authors: Danelon
authors: Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, R. José Bonifácio 1193, 16015-050 Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: adelbem@foa.unesp.br.
authors: Alberto Carlos Botazzo
authors: AC
authors: Delbem
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002417:Cattle; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000188:drug therapy; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010710:Phosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014089:Tooth Remineralization; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003802:Dentifrices; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010710:Phosphates; D014100:Toothpastes; C009285:sodium polymetaphosphate; D005459:Fluorides
keywords: Demineralization; Dental Enamel; Dentifrices; Fluorides; Polyphosphates