title: Epicatechin Reduces Striatal MPP⁺-Induced Damage in Rats through Slight Increases in SOD-Cu,Zn Activity.
abstract: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by movement alterations caused by reduced dopaminergic neurotransmission in the nigrostriatal pathway, presumably by oxidative stress (OS). MPP(+) intrastriatal injection leads to the overproduction of free radicals (FR). The increasing formation of FR produces OS, a decline in dopamine (DA) content, and behavioral disorders. Epicatechin (EC) has shown the ability to be FR scavenger, an antioxidant enzyme inductor, a redox state modulator, and transition metal chelator. Acute administration of 100 mg/kg of EC significantly prevented (P < 0.05) the circling MPP(+)-induced behavior (10 μg/8 μL). Likewise, EC significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the formation of fluorescent lipid products caused by MPP(+). MPP(+) injection produced (P < 0.05) increased enzymatic activity of the constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS). This effect was blocked with acute EC pretreatment. Cu/Zn-dependent superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) activity was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced as a consequence of MPP(+) damage. EC produced a slight increase (≈20%) in Cu/Zn-SOD activity in the control group. Such effects persisted in animals injured with MPP(+). The results show that EC is effective against MPP(+)-induced biochemical and behavioral damage, which is possible by an increase in Cu/Zn-SOD activity.
authors: Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez, 14269 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Rubio-Osornio
authors: Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez, 14269 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Gorostieta-Salas
authors: Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez, 14269 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Montes
authors: Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez, 14269 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Pérez-Severiano
authors: Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez, 14269 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Rubio
authors: Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Gómez
authors: Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez, 14269 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Ríos
authors: Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Guevara
mesh_terms: D015655:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002392:Catechin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003300:Copper; D002392:Catechin; D015032:Zinc; D015655:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium