title: Do girls with depressive symptoms exhibit more physical aggression than boys? A cross sectional study in a national adolescent sample.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relationship between depression and aggressive behaviors in adolescents has previously been reported in clinical and epidemiological studies. However, there is conflicting evidence concerning the effect of gender on this relationship. This study tested whether the link between depressive symptoms and physical aggression differed between boys and girls in a large community-based sample of adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional sample of adolescents aged 15-19 (N = 6,677) was studied within the 2007 ESPAD national survey. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Adolescent Depression Rating Scale. We distinguished adolescents with subthreshold levels of depressive symptoms and adolescents with clinically significant levels of depressive symptoms. Physical aggressive behaviors in the last year were reported using items from the Antisocial Behavior Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for confounding variables, the odds-ratio between depressive symptoms and physical aggressive behaviors was around 1.4. This relationship was stronger for girls than for boys in presence of clinically significant levels of depressive symptoms, but did not differ between the genders in the case of subthreshold levels of depressive symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Girls with severe depressive symptoms were more likely to present physical aggressive behaviors than boys. Future studies will be needed to explore the role of irritability in these differences.
authors: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France ; 19 rue de Turenne, 75004 Paris, France.
authors: Xavier
authors: X
authors: Benarous
authors: Inserm U669, PSIGIAM, Maison des Adolescents, 97 Boulevard de Port Royal, 75679 Paris Cedex 14, France.
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Hassler
authors: Inserm U669, PSIGIAM, Maison des Adolescents, 97 Boulevard de Port Royal, 75679 Paris Cedex 14, France.
authors: Bruno
authors: B
authors: Falissard
authors: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France ; Inserm U669, PSIGIAM, Maison des Adolescents, 97 Boulevard de Port Royal, 75679 Paris Cedex 14, France.
authors: Angèle
authors: A
authors: Consoli
authors: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Cohen
keywords: Adolescents; Aggressive behaviors; Depression; Gender paradox; Physical aggression