title: Green tea consumption and risk of cardiovascular and ischemic related diseases: A meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of green tea intake on risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have not been well-defined. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between green tea consumption, CVD, and ischemic related diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  All observational studies and randomized trials that were published through October 2014 and that examined the association between green tea consumption and risk of cardiovascular and ischemic related diseases as the primary outcome were included in this meta-analysis. The quality of the included studies was evaluated according to the Cochrane Handbook 5.0.2 quality evaluation criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 9 studies including 259,267 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that those who didn't consume green tea had higher risks of CVD (OR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.09-1.29), intracerebral hemorrhage (OR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.03-1.49), and cerebral infarction (OR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.01-1.30) compared to <1 cup green tea per day. Those who drank 1-3 cups of green tea per day had a reduced risk of myocardial infarction (OR=0.81, 95% CI: 0.67-0.98) and stroke (OR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.47-0.86) compared to those who drank <1 cup/day. Similarly, those who drank ≥4 cups/day had a reduced risk of myocardial infarction compared to those who drank <1 cup/day (OR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.56-0.84). Those who consumed ≥10 cups/day of green tea were also shown to have lower LDL compared to the <3 cups/day group (MD=-0.90, 95% CI: -0.95 to -0.85).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our meta-analysis provides evidence that consumption of green tea is associated with favorable outcomes with respect to risk of cardiovascular and ischemic related diseases.
authors: Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Department of Cardiology, Huaxi Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Pang
authors: Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. Electronic address: Zhangccu@163.com.
authors: Zheng
authors: Z
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. Electronic address: tongzhang_zheng@brown.edu.
authors: Tong-zhang
authors: TZ
authors: Zheng
authors: Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, USA.
authors: Bryan A
authors: BA
authors: Bassig
authors: Department of Cardiology, Huaxi Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors: Chen
authors: C
authors: Mao
authors: Department of Cardiology, Huaxi Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors: Xingbin
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, USA.
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Zhu
authors: Brown-China Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, USA.
authors: Kunchong
authors: K
authors: Shi
authors: Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors: Junbo
authors: J
authors: Ge
authors: Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors: Yue-jin
authors: YJ
authors: Yang
authors: Department of Cardiology, Huaxi Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors: Dejia-Huang
authors: Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Bai
authors: Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Peng
mesh_terms: D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D013662:Tea
chemical_list: D013662:Tea
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Green tea; Ischemic related disease; Meta-analysis