title: Language Evolution: Why Hockett's Design Features are a Non-Starter.
abstract: The set of design features developed by Charles Hockett in the 1950s and 1960s remains probably the most influential means of juxtaposing animal communication with human language. However, the general theoretical perspective of Hockett is largely incompatible with that of modern language evolution research. Consequently, we argue that his classificatory system-while useful for some descriptive purposes-is of very limited use as a theoretical framework for evolutionary linguistics. We see this incompatibility as related to the ontology of language, i.e. deriving from Hockett's interest in language as a product rather than a suite of sensorimotor, cognitive and social abilities that enable the use but also acquisition of language by biological creatures (thefaculty of language). After a reconstruction of Hockett's views on design features, we raise two criticisms:focus on the means at the expense of contentandfocus on the code itself rather than the cognitive abilities of its users. Finally, referring to empirical data, we illustrate some of the problems resulting from Hockett's approach by addressing three specific points-namelyarbitrariness and semanticity,cultural transmission, anddisplacement-and show how the change of perspective allows to overcome those difficulties.
authors: Center for Language Evolution Studies (CLES); Department of English, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bojarskiego 1, Toruń, 87-100 Poland.
authors: Sławomir
authors: S
authors: Wacewicz
authors: Center for Language Evolution Studies (CLES); Department of English, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bojarskiego 1, Toruń, 87-100 Poland.
authors: Przemysław
authors: P
authors: Żywiczyński
keywords: Animal communication; Biolinguistics; Displacement; Evolutionary linguistics; Language origins