title: Estrogen receptor signal in regulation of B cell activation during diverse immune responses.
abstract: The role of signalling through oestrogen receptors (ERs) in the regulation of B cell activation is an area of growing importance not only in terms protective immunity but also in the determination of the mechanisms of the onset of autoimmune disorders and cancers. The mode of signalling action of this single chain nuclear receptor protein molecule depends on its ability to bind to the promoters of Pax5, HOXC4 and apolipoprotein B RNA-editing enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) genes. ER-mediated transcriptional regulation induces class switch recombination of the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (VH) to DH-JH genes and somatic hypermutation in developing B cells. The mode of action of ER is associated with BCR-signal pathways that involve the regulator proteins BAFF and APRIL. Additionally, the plasma membrane-bound G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor-1 (GEPR1) directs diverse cell signalling events in B cells that involve the MAPK pathways. These signals are immensely important during progenitor and precursor B cell activation. We have focused our goals on the medicinal aspects of ER-signalling mechanisms and their effects on polyclonal B cell activation.
authors: Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Saint James School of Medicine, Albert Lake Drive, A-I-2640, The Quarter, British West Indies, Anguilla.
authors: Josaine
authors: J
authors: Asaba
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, Trident Technical College, North Charleston, SC, USA.
authors: Mausumi
authors: M
authors: Bandyopadhyay
authors: Strom Thurmond Building, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Kindy
authors: Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Saint James School of Medicine, Albert Lake Drive, A-I-2640, The Quarter, P.O. Box 318, British West Indies, Anguilla; Department of Biochemistry, Saint James School of Medicine, Albert Lake Drive, A-I-2640, The Quarter, P.O. Box 318, British West Indies, Anguilla. Electronic address: sdasgupta@mail.sjsm.org.
authors: Subhajit
authors: S
authors: Dasgupta
mesh_terms: D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D053264:B-Cell Activating Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D017578:Immunoglobulin Class Switching / Q000235:genetics; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D051757:PAX5 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D053300:Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000098830:AICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase)
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D053264:B-Cell Activating Factor; C098691:HOXC4 protein, human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D051757:PAX5 Transcription Factor; C497281:PAX5 protein, human; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; C114631:TNFSF13 protein, human; C505719:TNFSF13B protein, human; D053300:Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13; D000098830:AICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase); D003564:Cytidine Deaminase
keywords: B cell; Bone marrow; Class switch; Estrogen receptor; Immunoglobulin