title: Mild Cognitive Impairment in newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease: A longitudinal prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In PD, Mild Cognitive Impairment (PD-MCI) occurs since early stages of disease. The aims were to assess presence of PD-MCI in untreated, drug-naive PD patients, and to follow-up the sample over 4 years to ascertain evolution of neurocognitive profile.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-six patients underwent neuropsychological testing at baseline (T0), and after 2 (T1:n = 62) and 4 years (T2:n = 55). Diagnosis of PD-MCI and PD-associated dementia (PDD) was made according to current consensus criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PD-MCI occurred in 25/76 patients (32.9%) at baseline, and 4 of them reverted from PD-MCI to Normal Cognition (Reverters), 7 remained stable (Non-Reverters) and 2 developed PDD at T2; 12 patients were lost to the follow-up. Among the 51 patients with normal cognition (PD-CN) at T0, 27 had normal cognition at T2 (5 of them were Reverters with respect to diagnosis at T1), 5 had MCI at T1 and T2 (Non-Reverters), 9 had MCI at T2 only, whereas 1 developed PDD; 9 patients were lost to the follow-up. At baseline, Reverters (n = 9) had younger age at onset and better performance on constructional visuospatial task than Non-Reverters (n = 12). Compared to patients without PD-MCI at all evaluations (n = 19), Reverters had poorer performance on verbal immediate recall and attention tasks and higher level of apathy at T0. Reduced performance on the Stroop Test at baseline predicted PD-MCI at T2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Executive dysfunctions predicted development of PD-MCI after few years from onset. Reversal from PD-MCI to PD-CN was related to young age at onset and high level of apathy at baseline evaluation.
authors: Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy; IDC-Hermitage-Capodimonte, Naples, Italy.
authors: Gabriella
authors: G
authors: Santangelo
authors: IDC-Hermitage-Capodimonte, Naples, Italy; University Parthenope, Naples, Italy.
authors: Carmine
authors: C
authors: Vitale
authors: Neurodegenerative Diseases Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
authors: Marina
authors: M
authors: Picillo
authors: Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
authors: Marcello
authors: M
authors: Moccia
authors: Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy.
authors: Sofia
authors: S
authors: Cuoco
authors: IDC-Hermitage-Capodimonte, Naples, Italy.
authors: Katia
authors: K
authors: Longo
authors: Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy.
authors: Domenica
authors: D
authors: Pezzella
authors: Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy.
authors: Assunta
authors: A
authors: di Grazia
authors: Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, London, UK; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e del Movimento, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Erro
authors: Neurodegenerative Diseases Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
authors: Maria Teresa
authors: MT
authors: Pellecchia
authors: IDC-Hermitage-Capodimonte, Naples, Italy.
authors: Marianna
authors: M
authors: Amboni
authors: Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy. Electronic address: luigi.trojano@unina2.it.
authors: Luigi
authors: L
authors: Trojano
authors: Neurodegenerative Diseases Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy. Electronic address: pbarone@unisa.it.
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Barone
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies
keywords: Apathy; Mild Cognitive Impairment; PD-MCI; Parkinson's Disease–Mild Cognitive Impairment; Parkinson's disease