title: Are Salmonella-Induced Gastroenteritis Neglected in Developing Countries? Feedback from Microbiological Investigations in N'Djamena Hospitals, Chad.
abstract: Salmonella is considered to be one of the main pathogens causing human gastroenteritis worldwide. Looking for Salmonella in Africa in patients suffering from gastroenteritis is rather unusual, and the use of antibiotics is not subject to any regulation. This study intends for stressing the possible prominent importance of Salmonella in digestive diseases in Africa as well as identifying antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates from faeces samples of human origin. All samples were collected from five N'Djamena hospitals, from patients suffering from diarrhoea. The collecting was undertaken over two periods of six months each: from August 2010 to January 2011 and from September 2011 to February 2012. Salmonella isolates were obtained by standard cultivation and serotyping methods. A total of 43 Salmonella isolates were identified, belonging to 21 different serovars. The most prevalent serovar was Salmonella Stanleyville (n = 7), followed by S. Anatum (n = 4) and S. Kottbus (n = 3). The other serovars were under-represented. The majority of these isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics tested (CLSI Standards), except two S. Enteritidis isolates that exhibited resistance to fluoroquinolones. The different serovars and antibiotic resistance profiles that were observed highlight the substantial diversity of Salmonella in N'Djamena, Chad. Roughly, one out of ten patients who consulted for gastroenteritis was shedding Salmonella spp. and none of them would have been diagnosed outside the context of this research program. This study may encourage local clinicians to explore more often salmonellosis suspicion in their daily practice.
authors: Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (FSEA), Université de N'Djamena, N'Djamena, Chad; Université Paris-Est, ENVA, Unité MASQ (Microbiologie des Aliments, Sécurité et Qualité), Maisons Alfort, France; Laboratoire de Recherches Vétérinaires et Zootechniques de Farcha (LRVZ/ F), N'Djamena, Chad.
authors: Djim-Adjim
authors: DA
authors: Tabo
authors: Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Mission Antibiorésistance, Maisons-Alfort, France.
authors: Sophie A
authors: SA
authors: Granier
authors: Laboratoire de Recherches Vétérinaires et Zootechniques de Farcha (LRVZ/ F), N'Djamena, Chad.
authors: Colette D
authors: CD
authors: Diguimbaye
authors: Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Mission Antibiorésistance, Maisons-Alfort, France.
authors: Muriel
authors: M
authors: Marault
authors: Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Mission Antibiorésistance, Maisons-Alfort, France.
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Brisabois
authors: Laboratoire de Recherches Vétérinaires et Zootechniques de Farcha (LRVZ/ F), N'Djamena, Chad.
authors: Baïzina
authors: B
authors: Mama
authors: Université Paris-Est, ENVA, Unité MASQ (Microbiologie des Aliments, Sécurité et Qualité), Maisons Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Mission Antibiorésistance, Maisons-Alfort, France.
authors: Yves
authors: Y
authors: Millemann
mesh_terms: D002596:Chad / Q000453:epidemiology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology*; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D058069:Neglected Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology*; D012703:Serotyping