title: Differences in maternal temperature during labour with remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia or epidural analgesia: a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidural analgesia and remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia are two popular techniques for the treatment of labour pain, each with its own efficacy and toxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parturients requesting analgesia were randomly assigned to either patient-controlled intravenous remifentanil or epidural analgesia. Control patients consisted of parturients not requesting pain medication. The primary objective was to compare the incidence of maternal fever (temperature ⩾ 38°C); secondary outcomes included the incidence of low oxygen saturation, pain scores, nausea and vomiting, sedation scores, pruritus and neonatal outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 140 parturients were analysed: 49 received remifentanil analgesia, 49 epidural analgesia and 42 no analgesia (controls). Fever (temperature ⩾ 38°C) developed in 10% of remifentanil patients compared to 37% of epidural patients and 7% of control patients (P<0.001). One or more hypoxaemic events (oxygen saturation <90% for at least 1 min) occurred in 48% of patients on remifentanil versus 15% of patients on epidural analgesia and 20% of control patients (P=0.003). Although pain intensity scores differed significantly between the two groups in favour of the epidural, mean satisfaction scores were similar in both analgesia groups (remifentanil 8.1 ± 1.2 vs. epidural 8.4 ± 1.2). Remifentanil analgesia was associated with a higher incidence of nausea and deeper levels of sedation. The differences in haemodynamic parameters between groups were small and clinically insignificant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During treatment of labour pain, epidural analgesia is associated with a higher incidence of maternal fever, while remifentanil analgesia results in more frequent and deeper hypoxaemic events.
authors: Department of Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: m.r.douma@lumc.nl.
authors: M R
authors: MR
authors: Douma
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Stienstra
authors: Department of Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Middeldorp
authors: Department of Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors: M S
authors: MS
authors: Arbous
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Dahan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods*; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical / Q000379:methods*; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled / Q000379:methods*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D009035:Mothers; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D000077208:Remifentanil; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D017409:Sufentanil / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D010880:Piperidines; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D017409:Sufentanil; D000077208:Remifentanil
keywords: Analgesia; Analgesia epidural; Fever; Hypoxia; Obstetrical; Remifentanil