title: Vitamin D reduces LPS-induced cytokine release in omental adipose tissue of women but not men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Both vitamin D deficiency and inflammation have been associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes risk. In vitro vitamin D treatment of subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissue (AT) may reduce inflammation, but data are conflicting.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of vitamin D (25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3) on the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in omental (OM) and SC human AT and to explore factors that could correlate with the individual response to vitamin D including age, smoking status, BMI, comorbidities, medication, HbA1c, apolipoprotein B, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and high sensitivity C-reactive protein.
  
  
  METHODS
  7 men and 8 women with severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fresh OM and SC AT explants sampled during surgery (n=15) were incubated for 24h in a control, 25(OH)D3 (150 nM) or 1,25(OH)2D3 (1 nM) medium. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 ng/ml) was added for another 24h.
  
  
  METHODS
  Change in TNF-α and IL-6 levels in collected media after vitamin D treatment (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age and BMI of the patients were 46.4±10.9 years and 48.8±7.5 kg/m(2), respectively. Eleven patients had type 2 diabetes. 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 reduced the LPS-induced increases in cytokine levels in OM AT of women but not in men. No effect was observed in SC AT. Apart from gender, none of the factors analyzed correlated with vitamin D response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We showed that 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 can lower cytokine release from OM but not SC AT explants and only in women.
authors: Department of Medicine, Laval University, 1050, de la Médecine avenue, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada.
authors: Pascalin
authors: P
authors: Roy
authors: Department of Medicine, Laval University, 1050, de la Médecine avenue, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada; Obesity and Metabolism Unit, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, 2725, Sainte-Foy Road, Québec G1V 4G5, Canada; Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec Research Centre, 2705, Laurier Boulevard, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada.
authors: Mélanie
authors: M
authors: Nadeau
authors: Department of Medicine, Laval University, 1050, de la Médecine avenue, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada; Cardiology Unit, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, 2725, Sainte-Foy Road, Québec G1V 4G5, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, 2440, Hochelaga Boulevard, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada.
authors: Marion
authors: M
authors: Valle
authors: Department of Medicine, Laval University, 1050, de la Médecine avenue, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada; Cardiology Unit, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, 2725, Sainte-Foy Road, Québec G1V 4G5, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, 2440, Hochelaga Boulevard, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada.
authors: Kerstin
authors: K
authors: Bellmann
authors: Department of Medicine, Laval University, 1050, de la Médecine avenue, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada; Cardiology Unit, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, 2725, Sainte-Foy Road, Québec G1V 4G5, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, 2440, Hochelaga Boulevard, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada.
authors: André
authors: A
authors: Marette
authors: Department of Medicine, Laval University, 1050, de la Médecine avenue, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada; Obesity and Metabolism Unit, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, 2725, Sainte-Foy Road, Québec G1V 4G5, Canada; Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec Research Centre, 2705, Laurier Boulevard, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada.
authors: André
authors: A
authors: Tchernof
authors: Department of Medicine, Laval University, 1050, de la Médecine avenue, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada; Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec Research Centre, 2705, Laurier Boulevard, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, 2440, Hochelaga Boulevard, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada. Electronic address: claudia.gagnon@crchuq.ulaval.ca.
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Gagnon
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009852:Omentum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: Adipose tissue; Human; Inflammation; Vitamin D