title: Development of telmisartan in the therapy of spinal cord injury: pre-clinical study in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Decrease of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-δ (PPARδ) expression has been observed after spinal cord injury (SCI). Increase of PPARδ may improve the damage in SCI. Telmisartan, the antihypertensive agent, has been mentioned to increase the expression of PPARδ. Thus, we are going to screen the effectiveness of telmisartan in SCI for the development of it in clinical application.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, we used compressive SCI in rats. Telmisartan was then used to evaluate the influence in rats after SCI. Change in PPARδ expression was identified by Western blots. Also, behavioral tests were performed to check the recovery of damage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recovery of damage from SCI was observed in telmisartan-treated rats. Additionally, this action of telmisartan was inhibited by GSK0660 at the dose sufficient to block PPARδ. However, metformin at the dose enough to activate adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase failed to produce similar action as telmisartan. Thus, mediation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in this action of telmisartan can be rule out. Moreover, telmisartan reversed the expressions of PPARδ in rats with SCI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The obtained data suggest that telmisartan can improve the damage of SCI in rats through an increase in PPARδ expression. Thus, telmisartan is useful to be developed as an agent in the therapy of SCI.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Shuang Ho Hospital-Taipei Medical University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
authors: Chien-Min
authors: CM
authors: Lin
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Shuang Ho Hospital-Taipei Medical University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
authors: Jo-Ting
authors: JT
authors: Tsai
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Shuang Ho Hospital-Taipei Medical University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
authors: Chen Kuei
authors: CK
authors: Chang
authors: Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
authors: Juei-Tang
authors: JT
authors: Cheng
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Shuang Ho Hospital-Taipei Medical University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
authors: Jia-Wei
authors: JW
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001565:Benzoates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D059225:Nociception / Q000187:drug effects; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products / Q000378:metabolism; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D000077333:Telmisartan; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C000593874:Ager protein, rat; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001565:Benzoates; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; C104200:Hbp1 protein, rat; D047495:PPAR gamma; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D000077333:Telmisartan
keywords: AMPK; PPARδ; angiotensin receptor blocker; metformin; spinal cord injury