title: Clinical Presentation and Management of Hallux Rigidus.
abstract: Hallux rigidus is the most commonly occurring arthritic condition of the foot and is marked by pain, limited motion in the sagittal plane of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and varying degrees of functional impairment. In conjunction with clinical findings, radiographic grading helps guide therapeutic choices. Nonsurgical management with anti-inflammatory medications, corticosteroid injections, or shoewear and activity modifications can be successful in appropriately selected patients. Patients with more severe disease or refractory to conservative management may benefit from surgical intervention. Operative options range from joint-preserving procedures (eg, cheilectomy with or without associated osteotomies) to joint-altering procedures (eg, arthroplasty or arthrodesis).
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
authors: Kamran S
authors: KS
authors: Hamid
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, North Carolina Orthopaedic Clinic, Duke University School of Medicine, 3609 Southwest Durham Drive, Durham, NC 27707, USA. Electronic address: selene.parekh@gmail.com.
authors: Selene G
authors: SG
authors: Parekh
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000368:Aged; D001178:Arthroplasty / Q000379:methods*; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D020859:Hallux Rigidus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009989:Orthotic Devices; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011379:Prognosis; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones
keywords: Arthritis; Degenerative joint disease; Hallux rigidus; Metatarsophalangeal joint