title: Development and evaluation of alginate-chitosan nanocapsules for controlled release of acetamiprid.
abstract: Smart formulations based on nanomaterials have the capability to reduce the consumption of hazardous pesticides and their impact on human health and environment. Nanoformulations of agrochemicals have the potential to improve food productivity without compromising with the ecosystem. In the present work, controlled release nanocapsules containing acetamiprid were prepared by polyelectrolyte complexation of two natural macromolecules, i.e. alginate and chitosan. The size, morphology and chemical interaction studies of the prepared nanocapsules were investigated by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The zetapotential studies revealed stability of the nanocapsules. TEM results show spherical morphology of the nanocapsules. The encapsulation efficiency was found to be 62% as quantified by Ultra High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC). Nanocapsules were analysed for controlled release in vitro at three different pH. Maximum release was observed at pH 10 followed by pH 7 and 4, respectively. A non-Fickian release mechanism was found to be followed by the nanoformulation. A controlled release pattern was also found from nanoformulation as compared to commercial formulation in soil. Thus this formulation can reduce the frequency of application of pesticides by controlling the release and will subsequently reduce their side effects.
authors: Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125 001, India. Electronic address: ksandeep36@yahoo.com.
authors: Sandeep
authors: S
authors: Kumar
authors: Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125 001, India.
authors: Neetu
authors: N
authors: Chauhan
authors: Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) , New Delhi 110 012, India.
authors: Madhuban
authors: M
authors: Gopal
authors: Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) , New Delhi 110 012, India.
authors: Rajesh
authors: R
authors: Kumar
authors: Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125 001, India.
authors: Neeraj
authors: N
authors: Dilbaghi
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D010316:Particle Size; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D053769:Nanocapsules; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D011725:Pyridines; D012987:Soil; C464485:acetamiprid; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Acetamiprid; Chitosan; Controlled release; Nanocapsules; Pesticide; Polyelectrolyte complexation