title: Candidate biomarkers in heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients presenting with heart failure symptoms are categorized into heart failure (HF) with reduced and preserved ejection fraction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Aim is to investigate the additional use of candidate biomarkers to characterize patients with either sub-type of HF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature search was conducted in the electronic databases MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception through November 2014.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of 47 diseased and general population cohorts were included.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current studies could outline the additional use of candidate biomarkers especially GDF-15, MR-proADM and high-sensitive determined troponin, although major outcome studies are still missing.
authors: a Department of General and Interventional Cardiology , University Heart Center Hamburg , Germany and.
authors: Christoph
authors: C
authors: Sinning
authors: Elvin
authors: E
authors: Zengin
authors: Tanja
authors: T
authors: Zeller
authors: Renate B
authors: RB
authors: Schnabel
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Blankenberg
authors: Dirk
authors: D
authors: Westermann
mesh_terms: D053607:Adrenomedullin / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D055436:Growth Differentiation Factor 15 / Q000032:analysis; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000032:analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000032:analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013318:Stroke Volume
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C526140:GDF15 protein, human; D055436:Growth Differentiation Factor 15; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011498:Protein Precursors; C574167:mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin, human; D053607:Adrenomedullin
keywords: Growth-differentiation factor 15; heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction; highly sensitive determined troponin; soluble source of tumorigenicity 2