title: Mitotic arrest induced in human DU145 prostate cancer cells in response to KHC-4 treatment.
abstract: In this study, the antitumor activity of KHC-4 was analyzed using human prostate cancer (CaP) cells and the underlining anticancer mechanisms of KHC-4 were identified. KHC-4 inhibited cell proliferation and induced cytotoxicity in the castration-resistant CaP DU145 cell line. The most effective concentration of KHC-4 was 0.1 μM. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that KHC-4 treatment caused G2/M arrest and a subsequent increase in the sub-G1 population. Furthermore, KHC-4 is up-regulated p21, p27, and p53 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The exposure of cells to KHC-4 induced Cdk1/cyclin B1 complex activity, which led to cell cycle arrest. Moreover, KHC-4 inhibited the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 to inhibit tumor cell metastasis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1879-1887, 2016.
authors: Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City 600, Taiwan.|Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors: Cheng-Huang
authors: CH
authors: Shen
authors: Division of Urology, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital Taichung Branch, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors: Tien-Huang
authors: TH
authors: Lin
authors: Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors: You-Liang
authors: YL
authors: Hsieh
authors: Department of Nursing, MeiHo University, Pingtung, Taiwan.
authors: Chia-Yao
authors: CY
authors: Shen
authors: Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors: Sheng-Chu
authors: SC
authors: Kuo
authors: School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors: Hsi-Chin
authors: HC
authors: Wu
authors: Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors: Wen-Shin
authors: WS
authors: Chien
authors: School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors: Dennis Jine-Yuan
authors: DJ
authors: Hsieh
authors: Department of Dermatology, Taipei City Hospital, Renai Branch, Taiwan, Taipei.
authors: Su-Ying
authors: SY
authors: Wen
authors: Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors: Wei-Jen
authors: WJ
authors: Ting
authors: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Biomaterials Translational Research Center, China medical university hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors: Chun-Hsu
authors: CH
authors: Yao
authors: Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors: Chih-Yang
authors: CY
authors: Huang
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D059565:G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008938:Mitosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D064129:Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C577043:2'-fluoro-6-morpholinyl-2-phenyl-4-quinolone; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009025:Morpholines; D015363:Quinolones
keywords: DU145 cells; KHC-4; antiproliferation; cell cycle arrest; cell migration; inhibition