title: High Prolactin Excretion in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Renal Function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The metabolic clearance of prolactin (PRL) is partially executed by the kidney. Here, we investigate the urine excretion of PRL in patients with Diabetes Mellitus and renal impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum and urine samples were collected from male, mestizo patients in central Mexico employing a cross-sectional study design. Ninety-eight individuals had either no diabetes and normal renal function (control), diabetes and normal renal function, or diabetes with impaired renal function. PRL was determined by a chemiluminescent immunometric assay; protein, albumin, and creatinine were evaluated using quantitative colorimetric assays. The results were analyzed using ANOVA-testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and renal impairment had significantly higher urine PRL levels than patients with Diabetes Mellitus and normal renal function and control patients. Higher urine PRL levels were associated with lower glomerular filtration rates, higher serum creatinine, and higher urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratios (UACR). Urine PRL levels correlated positively with UACR. Serum PRL levels were similar among groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and impaired renal function demonstrate a high urinary PRL excretion. Urinary PRL excretion in the context of proteinuria could contribute to PRL dysregulation in renal impairment.
authors: Jakob
authors: J
authors: Triebel
authors: Aura Ileana
authors: AI
authors: Moreno-Vega
authors: Miguel
authors: M
authors: Vázquez-Membrillo
authors: Gabriel
authors: G
authors: Nava
authors: Renata
authors: R
authors: García-Franco
authors: Ellery
authors: E
authors: López-Star
authors: Olivia
authors: O
authors: Baldivieso-Hurtado
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Ochoa
authors: Yazmín
authors: Y
authors: Macotela
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Bertsch
authors: Gonzalo
authors: G
authors: Martinez de la Escalera
authors: Carmen
authors: C
authors: Clapp
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D011388:Prolactin / Q000652:urine*; D065667:Renal Elimination; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011388:Prolactin; D003404:Creatinine