title: Thoracic Kidney: Extremely Rare State of Aberrant Kidney.
abstract: The thorax is the rarest place among all forms of renal ectopia. We report a rare case of an unacquired thoracic kidney. Only about 200 cases of the thoracic kidney have ever been reported in medical literature worldwide. In this paper we present the rarest form of nontraumatic nonhernia associated, truly ectopic thoracic kidney. The differential diagnosis and management options and classification of this rare form of aberrant kidney are discussed.
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA ; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors: Mahdi
authors: M
authors: Khoshchehreh
authors: Pulmonology Department, Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Omalbanin
authors: O
authors: Paknejad
authors: National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, E19575/154 Darabad, Shaheed Bahonar Avenue, Tehran 19556, Iran.
authors: Mehrdad
authors: M
authors: Bakhshayesh-Karam
authors: Pulmonology Department, Sina Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Marzieh
authors: M
authors: Pazoki