title: Dietary changes in migrant adolescents with increasing length of stay in Australia and associated risk of wheeze--a retrospective, cross sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have reported that asthma prevalence increases on migration to Australia. We hypothesised that changes in dietary intake contribute to this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to assess dietary intake in relation to migration status, length of stay in Australia and the association with self-reported wheeze.
  
  
  METHODS
  Students (n = 144) in a multicultural high school in Western Sydney completed the asthma symptoms ISAAC video questionnaire (AVQ3.0), spirometry and allergy skin prick tests. A dietitian administered a'Food Frequency' and 'Food Habits' questionnaire and a dietary history interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Students who spoke a language other than English, consumed a traditional or mixed dietary pattern, with lower consumption of saturated fat, compared to students who spoke English only. Saturated fat intake increased and fibre intake decreased with length of time in Australia. Intake of foods high in saturated or trans fatty acids were positively associated with length of stay in Australia. No associations between nutrient intake or whole food intake and self-reported wheeze were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As time progressed, dietary intake of immigrant children changed. While this was not associated with the development of wheeze in the students in this cohort, these changes are likely to have negative health consequences.
authors: Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. Lisa.Wood@newcastle.edu.au.
authors: Lisa G
authors: LG
authors: Wood
authors: Primary Health Care Education and Research Unit, Western Clinical School and School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. marivic.lagleva@sydney.edu.au.
authors: Marivic
authors: M
authors: Lagleva
authors: Primary Health Care Education and Research Unit, Western Clinical School and School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. smita.shah@health.nsw.gov.au.
authors: Smita
authors: S
authors: Shah
authors: Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. Bronwyn.berthon@newcastle.edu.au.
authors: Bronwyn S
authors: BS
authors: Berthon
authors: School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. sally.galbraith@unsw.edu.au.
authors: Sally
authors: S
authors: Galbraith
authors: University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. r.henry@unsw.edu.au.
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Henry
authors: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Randwick Campus, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Helen.Kepreotes@SESIAHS.HEALTH.NSW.GOV.AU.
authors: Helen
authors: H
authors: Kepreotes
authors: Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. Peter.Gibson@hnehealth.nsw.gov.au.|Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia. Peter.Gibson@hnehealth.nsw.gov.au.
authors: Peter G
authors: PG
authors: Gibson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014171:Transients and Migrants
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber