title: Time Savings with Once-Monthly C.E.R.A.:  A Time and Motion Study Conducted in  13 Haemodialysis Centres in Italy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We sought to document the time required by health care professionals to administer erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and continuous erythropoiesis receptor activator (C.E.R.A.) in the management of renal anaemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Time and Motion study was conducted in 13 centres in Italy. The time spent on preparation, distribution, and injection for both ESA and C.E.R.A. groups was measured. A multilevel model was run to account for the centre-clustering effect.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average number of ESA injections/patient/year was 89. The average uptake of C.E.R.A. was 26%. The average time per session was 1.54 min for ESA (95% CI 1.21-1.86) vs. 1.64 min for C.E.R.A. (95% CI 1.31-1.97). Estimated time/patient/year was 137 min for ESA and 20 min for C.E.R.A. Assuming a 100% uptake of C.E.R.A., annual time savings/centre would be 84% (194 h).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Substantial annual time savings on frequent anaemia management-related tasks were found when a switchover was made from ESAs to C.E.R.A.
authors: Erwin
authors: E
authors: De Cock
authors: Persefoni
authors: P
authors: Kritikou
authors: Simona
authors: S
authors: Ravera
authors: Armando
authors: A
authors: Filippini
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004920:Erythropoiesis / Q000187:drug effects; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006397:Hematinics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000191:economics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D013996:Time and Motion Studies
chemical_list: D006397:Hematinics; D004921:Erythropoietin