title: Sex differences in clinical characteristics and inpatient outcomes among 2442 hospitalized Chinese patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: The Nanchang Atrial Fibrillation Project.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Limited data exists on the impact of sex on clinical characteristics and outcomes among nonvalvular AF patients from China. We investigated the impact of gender on risk factors and inpatient mortality in a hospitalized nonvalvular AF cohort in Nanchang, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied consecutive patients hospitalized with nonvalvular AF between May 2011 and December 2013. Predictors of inpatient mortality were evaluated using multivariate regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 2442 patients (43.7% female; mean age 71.8), with a median hospital stay of 10 days (IQR: 7-14). Inpatient mortality was 2.2%. Mean age, CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores were higher in females vs. males (all p<0.0001). Oral anticoagulation use during hospitalization was 33.3% without sex differences, and length of stay and inpatient outcomes were comparable between sexes. On multivariate analyses, the significant risk factors of inpatient death in females were previous ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA)/thromboembolism (TE) (Odds Ratio (OR): 2.27; 95% Confidence Intervals (CI): 1.43-3.61), peripheral artery disease (OR: 5.75, 95% CI: 1.49-22.16) and chronic renal disease (OR: 5.68, 95% CI: 1.46-22.13). Among males, only age (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.11) and previous ischemic stroke/TIA/TE (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.25-2.63) were independent predictors of inpatient mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sex related differences in clinical characteristics and stroke risk profile were evident in Chinese nonvalvular AF patients, but no sex disparity was evident in the low antithrombotic therapy use or inpatient mortality. Previous ischemic stroke/TIA/TE was an important predictor of inpatient mortality in both female and male patients.
authors: Cardiovascular Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
authors: Qinmei
authors: Q
authors: Xiong
authors: University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
authors: Alena
authors: A
authors: Shantsila
authors: University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
authors: Deirdre A
authors: DA
authors: Lane
authors: Cardiovascular Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
authors: Qiongqiong
authors: Q
authors: Zhou
authors: Cardiovascular Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Cardiovascular Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Shen
authors: Cardiovascular Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
authors: Xiaoshu
authors: X
authors: Cheng
authors: Cardiovascular Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
authors: Kui
authors: K
authors: Hong
authors: University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom. Electronic address: g.y.h.lip@bham.ac.uk.
authors: Gregory Y H
authors: GY
authors: Lip
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Atrial fibrillation; Inpatient mortality; Oral anticoagulation; Sex