title: Analytical, toxicological and kinetic investigation of decomposition of the drug diclofenac in waters and wastes using gamma radiation.
abstract: The radiolytic decomposition of the drug diclofenac (DCF), and in limited extent, also two other widely used drugs, ibuprofen and carbamazepine, was examined using liquid chromatography (LC) methods. The efficiency of DCF decomposition was examined in function of the absorbed dose of gamma radiation, and also in the presence of selected scavengers of radicals, which are commonly present in natural waters and wastes. Three different tests were employed for the monitoring of toxicity changes in the irradiated DCF solutions. The LC/mass spectrometry (MS) was used for the determination of products of DCF radiolysis. Using pulse-radiolysis method with the spectrophotometric detection, the rate constant values were determined for reactions of DCF with the main products of water radiolysis: hydroxyl radicals (1.24 ± 0.02) × 10(10) M(-1) s(-1) and hydrated electrons (3.1 ± 0.2) × 10(9) M(-1) s(-1). Their values indicate that both oxidative and reductive processes in radiolytic decomposition of DCF can take place in irradiated diluted aqueous solutions of DCF. The possibility of decomposition of all examined analytes was investigated in samples of river water and hospital waste. Compared to the previous studies, the conducted measurements in real samples were carried out at the concentration levels, which are close to those reported earlier in environmental samples. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
authors: Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland. a.bojanowska@ichtj.waw.pl.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Bojanowska-Czajka
authors: Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Kciuk
authors: Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Gumiela
authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Borowiecka
authors: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Nałęcz-Jawecki
authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Koc
authors: Faculty of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain.
authors: J F
authors: JF
authors: Garcia-Reyes
authors: Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: D Solpan
authors: DS
authors: Ozbay
authors: Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland.|Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Trojanowicz
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000032:analysis / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000633:toxicity*; D005720:Gamma Rays; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011044:Poland; D011675:Pulse Radiolysis; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000633:toxicity*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004008:Diclofenac; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Diclofenac; Pulse radiolysis; Radiolytic decomposition; Toxicity monitoring