title: Gender Disparities in Academic Practice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In academia, women remain underrepresented. The authors' sought to examine differences in faculty position and professional satisfaction among academic physicians by gender.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2008 to 2012, academic faculty members at a single institution were surveyed (2008, n = 737; 2010, n = 1151; and 2012, n = 971) regarding current position, choice of position, professional satisfaction, and desire for leaving. Logistic regression was performed to compare aspects of professional satisfaction by gender.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men more often held tenure track positions compared with women (2008, 45 percent versus 20 percent; 2010, 47 percent versus 20 percent; and 2012, 49 percent versus 20 percent; p < 0.001). Women were more likely to engage in only clinical activities compared with men (2008, 31 percent versus 18 percent; 2010, 28 percent versus 14 percent; and 2012, 33 percent versus 13 percent; p < 0.001) and less likely to participate in research. Women chose tracks to accommodate work-life balance [2008, OR, 1.9 (95 percent CI, 1.29 to 2.76); 2010, OR, 2.0 (95 percent CI, 1.38 to 2.76); and 2012, OR, 2.1 (95 percent CI, 1.40 to 3.00)], rather than the opportunity of tenure [2008, OR, 0.4 (95 percent CI, 0.23 to 0.75); 2010, OR, 0.5 (95 percent CI, 0.35 to 0.85); and 2012, OR, 0.5 (95 percent CI, 0.29 to 0.76) compared with men. Men reported higher professional satisfaction compared with women (2008, 5.7 versus 5.4, p < 0.009; 2012, 5.3 versus 5.0, p < 0.03). Men were more likely to leave because of leadership opportunities (14.4 percent versus 9.2 percent, p < 0.03) and compensation (14.2 percent versus 9.2 percent, p < 0.03) compared with women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women report lower levels of professional satisfaction in academic practice compared with men. Given the increasing pressures of academic practice, efforts to align work-life balance and professional goals could potentially improve faculty satisfaction and retention.
authors: Ann Arbor, Mich. From the Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, the Brachial Plexus Program, the Departments of Neurosurgery, Internal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Pathology, University of Michigan Health System, and the Center for Statistical Consultation and Research, University of Michigan.
authors: Jennifer F
authors: JF
authors: Waljee
authors: Kate Wan-Chu
authors: KW
authors: Chang
authors: H Myra
authors: HM
authors: Kim
authors: Margaret R
authors: MR
authors: Gyetko
authors: Elisabeth H
authors: EH
authors: Quint
authors: Nicholas W
authors: NW
authors: Lukacs
authors: James O
authors: JO
authors: Woolliscroft
authors: Kevin C
authors: KC
authors: Chung
mesh_terms: D002322:Career Mobility; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005180:Faculty, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan; D010822:Physicians, Women / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012737:Sex Factors