title: [Molecular characterization of resistance mechanisms: methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus, extended spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemases].
abstract: Multi-drug resistance in bacterial pathogens increases morbidity and mortality in infected patients and it is a threat to public health concern by their high capacity to spread. For both reasons, the rapid detection of multi-drug resistant bacteria is critical. Standard microbiological procedures require 48-72 h to provide the antimicrobial susceptibility results, thus there is emerging interest in the development of rapid detection techniques. In recent years, the use of selective and differential culture-based methods has widely spread. However, the capacity for detecting antibiotic resistance genes and their low turnaround times has made molecular methods a reference for diagnosis of multidrug resistance. This review focusses on the molecular methods for detecting some mechanisms of antibiotic resistance with a high clinical and epidemiological impact: a) Enzymatic resistance to broad spectrum β-lactam antibiotics in Enterobacteriaceae, mainly extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenemases; and b) methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus.
authors: Laboratorio de Antibióticos, Servicio de Bacteriología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Majadahonda, Madrid, España. Electronic address: jesus.oteo@isciii.es.
authors: Jesús
authors: J
authors: Oteo
authors: Laboratorio de Antibióticos, Servicio de Bacteriología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Majadahonda, Madrid, España.
authors: María
authors: M
authors: Belén Aracil
mesh_terms: D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D016106:Methicillin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D018440:beta-Lactam Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001618:beta-Lactamases; C063912:carbapenemase
keywords: BLEE; Carbapenemasas; Carbapenemases; ESBL; MRSA; Resistence enterobacteriaceae; Resistencia enterobacterias; SARM