title: Environmentally realistic concentrations of the antibiotic Trimethoprim affect haemocyte parameters but not antioxidant enzyme activities in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum.
abstract: Several biomarkers were measured to evaluate the effects of Trimethoprim (TMP; 300, 600 and 900 ng/L) in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum after exposure for 1, 3 and 7 days. The actual TMP concentrations were also measured in the experimental tanks. The total haemocyte count significantly increased in 7 day-exposed clams, whereas alterations in haemocyte volume were observed after 1 and 3 days of exposure. Haemocyte proliferation was increased significantly in animals exposed for 1 and 7 days, whereas haemocyte lysate lysozyme activity decreased significantly after 1 and 3 days. In addition, TMP significantly increased haemolymph lactate dehydrogenase activity after 3 and 7 days. Regarding antioxidant enzymes, only a significant time-dependent effect on CAT activity was recorded. This study demonstrated that environmentally realistic concentrations of TMP affect haemocyte parameters in clams, suggesting that haemocytes are a useful cellular model for the assessment of the impact of TMP on bivalves.
authors: Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy. Electronic address: matozzo@bio.unipd.it.
authors: Valerio
authors: V
authors: Matozzo
authors: Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy.
authors: Chiara
authors: C
authors: De Notaris
authors: Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Via Venezia, 8, 35131 Padova, Italy.
authors: Livio
authors: L
authors: Finos
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
authors: Raffaella
authors: R
authors: Filippini
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Piovan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D002452:Cell Count; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D012621:Seasons; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014295:Trimethoprim
keywords: Antibiotic; Antioxidant enzyme; Clam; Haemocyte; Trimethoprim