title: Mesenchymal Stem Cell Modulates T Follicular Helper Cell to Induce Immunotolerance of Islet Allograft.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To verify whether mesenchymal stem cells protected the islet allograft via modulating follicular B helper T cells (Tfh) cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The recipient mice were divided into 5 groups. Group A: the diabetic group (n = 12); Group B: islets alone group (n = 12); Group C: MSCs and islets co-transplanted group (n = 12, MSCs = 0.5 × 10(6)); Group D: MSCs and islets co-transplanted group (n = 12, MSCs = 1 × 10(6)); Group E: MSCs and islets co-transplanted group (n = 12, MSCs = 2 × 10(6)); One control group of normal NOD mice was set as well. ELISA was used to examine the autoantibody level of GAD65 Ab, insulin autoantibodies, and insulin. The Tfh count was determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The insulin expression of islet grafts, the infiltration of lymphocytes, and the Tfh cells were observed via hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was significant prolonged graft survival and more insulin expression of islet grafts observed in the co-transplant group. A lower level of the Tfh cells and autoantibody GAD65 Ab, insulin autoantibodies were also presented in the co-transplant group (P < .01). The infiltration of lymphocytes in the co-transplant group was notably less than in the islet-alone group (P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mesenchymal stem cells were able to protect the islet allograft by regulating the follicular helper T cells.
authors: Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Guan
authors: Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors: Z Y
authors: ZY
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors: Z Q
authors: ZQ
authors: Zhou
authors: Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Li
authors: Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors: D N
authors: DN
authors: Tong
authors: Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: gwzhoushsph@126.com.
authors: G W
authors: GW
authors: Zhou
mesh_terms: D064591:Allografts / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000276:immunology*; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology*