title: A review of Neospora caninum in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).
abstract: A number of countries in the world have reported infections with Neospora caninum in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), from Africa to Asia, Europe and South America and recently Australia. In general, clinical manifestations (such as abortion) seem rare, which has raised the prospect that buffalo may be inherently resistant to clinical effects of N. caninum infection. Worldwide, the seroprevalence of N. caninum infection (as a measure of exposure determined by the detection of antibody) in buffalo is high, at approximately 48%. This reported seroprevalence is three or four times higher than that reported from the world's cattle populations, which have collective seroprevalence rates of 16.1% for dairy cattle and 11.5% for beef cattle. However, there is a lack of standardisation in seroprevalence studies and some studies may well under-estimate the true level of infection. Epidemiologic evidence supports post-natal transmission, and in utero transmission has also been demonstrated. The causes for water buffalo to have markedly higher seroprevalence but apparently lower neosporosis abortion rates than cattle warrant further investigation.
authors: School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371 South Australia, Australia; City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China. Electronic address: michael.reichel@adelaide.edu.au.
authors: Michael P
authors: MP
authors: Reichel
authors: School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371 South Australia, Australia.
authors: Milton M
authors: MM
authors: McAllister
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary & Animals Sciences, Jhang Subcampus, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
authors: Amar
authors: A
authors: Nasir
authors: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
authors: Dadin P
authors: DP
authors: Moore
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002020:Buffaloes / Q000469:parasitology*; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014943:Global Health; D018688:Neospora / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
keywords: Abortion; Bubalus bubalis; Neospora caninum; Serology; Water buffalo