title: Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids in Water: Assessment of Photocatalytic and Photochemical Transformation.
abstract: The photoinduced transformation of two ionic liquids, 1-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate (HMIM) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate (EMIM), was investigated under photocatalytic conditions in the presence of irradiated TiO2. We monitored substrate disappearance, transformation products (TPs), degree of mineralization, and toxicity of the irradiated systems. Acute toxicity measures suggested in both cases the occurrence of more toxic TPs than the parent molecules. A total of five TPs were detected by HPLC-HRMS from HMIM and nine from EMIM. Complete mineralization and stoichiometric release of nitrogen was achieved for both compounds within 4 h of irradiation. The photochemical transformation kinetics and pathways in surface waters (direct photolysis and indirect photoreactions) were studied for EMIM, to assess its persistence in sunlit water bodies such as rivers or lakes. Environmental phototransformation would be dominated by direct photolysis, with half-life times of up to one month under fine-weather conditions.
authors: Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino , via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy.
authors: Paola
authors: P
authors: Calza
authors: Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino , via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy.
authors: Davide
authors: D
authors: Vione
authors: Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino , via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy.
authors: Debora
authors: D
authors: Fabbri
authors: Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino , via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy.
authors: Riccardo
authors: R
authors: Aigotti
authors: Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino , via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy.
authors: Claudio
authors: C
authors: Medana
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis / Q000528:radiation effects; D004777:Environment; D006207:Half-Life; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D007700:Kinetics; D008903:Minerals / Q000737:chemistry; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D013997:Time Factors; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D008903:Minerals; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; C018100:1-methylimidazole; C518739:1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium