title: Aqueous Extract of Nypa fruticans Wurmb. Vinegar Alleviates Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Normoglycemic Rats.
abstract: Nypa fruticans Wurmb. vinegar, commonly known as nipa palm vinegar (NPV) has been used as a folklore medicine among the Malay community to treat diabetes. Early work has shown that aqueous extract (AE) of NPV exerts a potent antihyperglycemic effect. Thus, this study is conducted to evaluate the effect of AE on postprandial hyperglycemia in an attempt to understand its mechanism of antidiabetic action. AE were tested via in vitro intestinal glucose absorption, in vivo carbohydrate tolerance tests and spectrophotometric enzyme inhibition assays. One mg/mL of AE showed a comparable outcome to the use of phloridzin (1 mM) in vitro as it delayed glucose absorption through isolated rat jejunum more effectively than acarbose (1 mg/mL). Further in vivo confirmatory tests showed AE (500 mg/kg) to cause a significant suppression in postprandial hyperglycemia 30 min following respective glucose (2 g/kg), sucrose (4 g/kg) and starch (3 g/kg) loadings in normal rats, compared to the control group. Conversely, in spectrophotometric enzymatic assays, AE showed rather a weak inhibitory activity against both α-glucosidase and α-amylase when compared with acarbose. The findings suggested that NPV exerts its anti-diabetic effect by delaying carbohydrate absorption from the small intestine through selective inhibition of intestinal glucose transporters, therefore suppressing postprandial hyperglycemia.
authors: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia. namy11_pha015@student.usm.my.|Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia. namy11_pha015@student.usm.my.
authors: Nor Adlin
authors: NA
authors: Yusoff
authors: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia. amzaini@usm.my.
authors: Mariam
authors: M
authors: Ahmad
authors: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia. basselalhindi@yahoo.com.
authors: Bassel
authors: B
authors: Al-Hindi
authors: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia. tw_rozan@yahoo.com.|Pharmacology & Therapeutic Department, Medical Faculty, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia. tw_rozan@yahoo.com.
authors: Tri
authors: T
authors: Widyawati
authors: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia. yammunfei@yahoo.com.
authors: Mun Fei
authors: MF
authors: Yam
authors: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia. rozi@usm.my.
authors: Roziahanim
authors: R
authors: Mahmud
authors: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia. niza@usm.my.
authors: Khairul Niza Abdul
authors: KN
authors: Razak
authors: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia. amzaini@usm.my.
authors: Mohd Zaini
authors: MZ
authors: Asmawi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D028023:Arecaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000378:metabolism; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000516:alpha-Amylases; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases
keywords: Nypa fruticans Wurmb; acarbose; alpha glucosidase; oral glucose tolerance test; postprandial hyperglycemia; vinegar