title: Bioassay-guided isolation of proanthocyanidins with antioxidant activity from peanut (Arachis hypogaea) skin by combination of chromatography techniques.
abstract: Purification and bioassay-guided fractionation were employed to isolate proanthocyanidins with antioxidant activity from peanut skin (Arachis hypogaea Runner 886). The crude extract was prepared with acetone (60% v/v) and purified using chromatographic methods, including a semipreparative HPLC technique. As a result, two proanthocyanidins were isolated and identified using NMR, epicatechin-(2 β → O → 7, 4 β → 8)-catechin (proanthocyanidin A1) and epicatechin-(β → 2 O → 7, 4 β → 8)-epicatechin (proanthocyanidin A2). Despite the structural similarity, differences were observed in their antioxidant activity. Proanthocyanidin A1 proved to be more active, with EC50 value for DPPH radical scavenging of 18.25 μg/mL and reduction of Fe(3+)-TPTZ complex of 7.59 mmol/g, higher than that of synthetic antioxidant BHT. This compound evaluated by ABTS(+) was similar to that of natural quercetin. Therefore, peanut skin is an important source of bioactive compounds that may be used as a mild antioxidant for food preservation.
authors: Department of Chemistry, Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), 85501-970 Pato Branco, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: tatianeoldoni@utfpr.edu.br.
authors: Tatiane L C
authors: TL
authors: Oldoni
authors: Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo (USP), 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors: Priscilla S
authors: PS
authors: Melo
authors: Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo (USP), 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors: Adna P
authors: AP
authors: Massarioli
authors: Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo (USP), 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors: Ivani A M
authors: IA
authors: Moreno
authors: Faculty of Applied Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13484-350 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors: Rosângela M N
authors: RM
authors: Bezerra
authors: Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13414-903 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors: Pedro L
authors: PL
authors: Rosalen
authors: Department of Chemistry, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo (USP), 14040-901 RibeirãoPreto, SP, Brazil.
authors: Gil V J
authors: GV
authors: da Silva
authors: Institute of Biological and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), 35400-000 OuroPreto, MG, Brazil.
authors: Andréa M
authors: AM
authors: Nascimento
authors: Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo (USP), 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors: Severino M
authors: SM
authors: Alencar
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D010367:Arachis / Q000737:chemistry*; D001681:Biological Assay; D002392:Catechin / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000032:analysis*; D011794:Quercetin / Q000032:analysis; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; C473739:proanthocyanidin A1; C473740:proanthocyanidin A2; D002392:Catechin; D011794:Quercetin
keywords: (+)-Catechin (PubChem CID: 9064); (−)-Epicatechin (PubChem CID: 72276); Antioxidant activity; By-product; Chromatography; Epigallocatechin (PubChem CID: 72277); Ferulic acid (PubChem CID: 445858); Gallic acid (PubChem CID: 370); Phenolic compounds; Proanthocyanidin A1 (PubChem CID: 9872976); Proanthocyanidin A2 (PubChem CID: 124025); Purification; Quercetin (PubChem CID: 5280343); p-Coumaric acid (PubChem CID: 637542)