title: Self-regulated learning and academic performance in medical education.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Medical schools aim to graduate medical doctors who are able to self-regulate their learning. It is therefore important to investigate whether medical students' self-regulated learning skills change during medical school. In addition, since these skills are expected to be helpful to learn more effectively, it is of interest to investigate whether these skills are related to academic performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional design, the Self-Regulation of Learning Self-Report Scale (SRL-SRS) was used to investigate the change in students' self-regulated learning skills. First and third-year students (N = 949, 81.7%) SRL-SRS scores were compared with ANOVA. The relation with academic performance was investigated with multinomial regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only one of the six skills, reflection, significantly, but positively, changed during medical school. In addition, a small, but positive relation of monitoring, reflection, and effort with first-year GPA was found, while only effort was related to third-year GPA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The change in self-regulated learning skills is minor as only the level of reflection differs between the first and third year. In addition, the relation between self-regulated learning skills and academic performance is limited. Medical schools are therefore encouraged to re-examine the curriculum and methods they use to enhance their students' self-regulated learning skills. Future research is required to understand the limited impact on performance.
authors: a Institute of Medical Education Research Rotterdam , Erasmus MC, The Netherlands .
authors: Susanna M
authors: SM
authors: Lucieer
authors: b University of Groningen , The Netherlands .|c HAN University of Applied Sciences , The Netherlands .
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Jonker
authors: b University of Groningen , The Netherlands .
authors: Chris
authors: C
authors: Visscher
authors: d Erasmus University Rotterdam , The Netherlands .|e University Utrecht, University College Roosevelt , The Netherlands , and.
authors: Remy M J P
authors: RM
authors: Rikers
authors: a Institute of Medical Education Research Rotterdam , Erasmus MC, The Netherlands .|f Erasmus MC , The Netherlands.
authors: Axel P N
authors: AP
authors: Themmen
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D020377:Self Efficacy; D000068356:Self-Control; D055815:Young Adult