title: Relationships between Micro-Vascular and Iodine-Staining Patterns in the Vicinity of the Tumor Front of Superficial Esophageal Squamous Carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to clarify differences between micro-vascular and iodine-staining patterns in the vicinity of the tumor fronts of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten consecutive patients with ESCCs who were treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) were enrolled. At the edge of the iodine-unstained area, we observed 183 sites in total using image-enhanced magnifying endoscopy. We classified the micro-vascular and iodine-staining patterns into three types: Type A, in which the line of vascular change matched the border of the iodine-unstained area; Type B, in which the border of the iodine-unstained area extended beyond the line of vascular change; Type C, in which the line of vascular change extended beyond the border of the iodine-unstained area. Then, by examining histopathological sections, we compared the diameter of intra-papillary capillary loops (IPCLs) in cancerous areas and normal squamous epithelium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We investigated 160 sites that the adequate quality of pictures were obtained. There was no case in which the line of vascular change completely matched the whole circumference of the border of an iodine-unstained area. Among the 160 sites, type A was recognized at 76 sites (47.5%), type B at 79 sites (49.4%), and type C at 5 sites (3.1%). Histological examination showed that the mean diameter of the IPCLs in normal squamous epithelium was 16.2±3.7 μm, whereas that of IPCLs in cancerous lesions was 21.0±4.4 μm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The development of iodine-unstained areas tends to precede any changes in the vascularity of the esophageal surface epithelium.
authors: Department of Esophageal and General Surgery Tokyo Medical and Dental University Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
authors: Shunsuke
authors: S
authors: Ohta
authors: Department of Esophageal and General Surgery Tokyo Medical and Dental University Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
authors: Kenro
authors: K
authors: Kawada
authors: Department of Esophageal and General Surgery Tokyo Medical and Dental University Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
authors: Jirawat
authors: J
authors: Swangsri
authors: Department of Esophageal and General Surgery Tokyo Medical and Dental University Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
authors: Naoto
authors: N
authors: Fujiwara
authors: Department of Esophageal and General Surgery Tokyo Medical and Dental University Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
authors: Katsumasa
authors: K
authors: Saito
authors: Department of Esophageal and General Surgery Tokyo Medical and Dental University Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
authors: Hisashi
authors: H
authors: Fujiwara
authors: Department of Esophageal and General Surgery Tokyo Medical and Dental University Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
authors: Tairo
authors: T
authors: Ryotokuji
authors: Department of Esophageal and General Surgery Tokyo Medical and Dental University Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
authors: Takuya
authors: T
authors: Okada
authors: Department of Esophageal and General Surgery Tokyo Medical and Dental University Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
authors: Yutaka
authors: Y
authors: Miyawaki
authors: Department of Esophageal and General Surgery Tokyo Medical and Dental University Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
authors: Yutaka
authors: Y
authors: Tohkairin
authors: Department of Esophageal and General Surgery Tokyo Medical and Dental University Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
authors: Yasuaki
authors: Y
authors: Nakajima
authors: Department of Esophageal and General Surgery Tokyo Medical and Dental University Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
authors: Youichi
authors: Y
authors: Kumagai
authors: Department of Esophageal and General Surgery Tokyo Medical and Dental University Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
authors: Kagami
authors: K
authors: Nagai
authors: Department of Human Pathology Tokyo Medical and Dental University Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Ito
authors: Department of Human Pathology Tokyo Medical and Dental University Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
authors: Yoshinobu
authors: Y
authors: Eishi
authors: Department of Esophageal and General Surgery Tokyo Medical and Dental University Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
authors: Tatsuyuki
authors: T
authors: Kawano
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007455:Iodine / Q000378:metabolism*; D055806:Microvessels / Q000473:pathology*; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D007455:Iodine