title: Arthroscopic Talocalcaneal Coalition Resection in Children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the technique and outcomes of arthroscopic talocalcaneal coalition (TCC) resection in pediatric patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a prospective study of 16 consecutive feet with persistent symptomatic TCCs in 15 children. The mean age was 11.8 years (range, 8 to 15 years), and the mean follow-up period was 28 months (range, 12 to 44 months). A posterior arthroscopic TCC resection was performed. The plantar footprint, subtalar motion, pain, and the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot scale score were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans were used to classify the coalition according to the Rozansky classification, to measure the percentage of involvement of the surface area, and to determine the degree of hindfoot valgus. Postoperative CT scans at 1 year (n = 15) and 3 years (n = 5) were used to assess recurrences. Patient satisfaction was also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TCC distribution according to the Rozansky classification was type I in 7 cases, type II in 3, type III in 3, and type IV in 3. In all cases the arthroscopic approach enabled complete coalition resection. All patients increased by at least 1 stage in the footprint classification and showed clinical subtalar mobility after surgery. All patients showed a statistically significant improvement in pain after surgery except for 1 patient in whom complex regional pain syndrome developed (P < .001). The mean American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society score was 56.8 (range, 45 to 62) preoperatively versus 90.9 (range, 36 to 100) postoperatively, showing a statistically significant increase (P < .001). Preoperative CT scans showed that all TCCs involved the medial subtalar joint facet, with mean involvement of 40.8% of the articular surface. All postoperative CT scans showed complete synostosis resections with no recurrences at final follow-up. At final follow-up, all patients were either satisfied (n = 4 [27%]) or extremely satisfied (n = 10 [67%]) with the outcome, except the 1 patient (7%) in whom complex regional pain syndrome developed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arthroscopic TCC resection provides good outcomes (symptom relief and restoration of subtalar motion), with no recurrence of the coalition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level IV, therapeutic case series.
authors: Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery and Microsurgery, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: knorr.j@chu-toulouse.fr.
authors: Jorge
authors: J
authors: Knörr
authors: Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery and Microsurgery, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Francisco
authors: F
authors: Soldado
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
authors: Mariano E
authors: ME
authors: Menendez
authors: Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery and Microsurgery, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Pedro
authors: P
authors: Domenech
authors: Unidad Cirugía Artroscópica, Hospital Vhitas San José, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
authors: Mikel
authors: M
authors: Sanchez
authors: Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hôpital des Enfants, Toulouse, France.
authors: Jérôme
authors: J
authors: Sales de Gauzy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D002348:Carpal Bones / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005532:Foot Deformities, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006228:Hand Deformities, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013199:Stapes / Q000002:abnormalities*; D013580:Synostosis / Q000601:surgery*; D013639:Tarsal Bones / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D013710:Tendons / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome