title: Changes in metabolic indices in response to whole blood donation in male subjects with normal glucose tolerance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have investigated the impact of venesection upon different metabolic indices in patients with various conditions (e.g., type 2 diabetes and iron overload). We aimed to investigate the changes on different metabolic indices including glycemic, iron, lipids and inflammatory markers at different time points after blood donation in male subjects with normal glucose tolerance.
  
  
  METHODS
  42 male subjects were recruited to the study. Glucose tolerance was assessed by oral glucose tolerance test before (visit A) and after the blood donation (1day, visit B; 1week, visit C; 3weeks, visit D; and 3months, visit E). Fasting glucose, HbA1c, insulin, lipids, uric acid, C-reactive protein, iron stores and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, ISI-gly) indices were measured. A repeated measures ANOVA was used for comparisons of quantitative variables between different visits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All subjects had normal glucose tolerance according to WHO criteria. Fasting glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR were significantly higher (~2%, p<0.05; ~21%, p<0.01; and ~11%, p<0.05 respectively) at visit B following donation. At visit D, the mean±SE for HbA1c (5.28±0.06%) was significantly lower with a difference in percentage of ~-3% and p<0.05 compared to visit A (5.44±0.06%). Ferritin decreased significantly at visits B, C, D and E (~-8%, p<0.01, ~-24%, p<0.001, ~-39%, p<0.001 and ~-29%, p<0.01 respectively), when compared to visit A.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At different time points after blood donation, glycemic status and iron stores are affected significantly in male blood donors with normal glucose tolerance. The changes were particularly evident three weeks after donation. Hence, the interpretation of these parameters in male blood donors needs to take this into account, and the mechanisms resulting in these effects need to be clarified.
authors: King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, P.O. Box 9515, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: boraiaa@ngha.med.sa.
authors: Anwar
authors: A
authors: Borai
authors: Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH Guildford, United Kingdom. Electronic address: callum.livingstone@nhs.net.
authors: Callum
authors: C
authors: Livingstone
authors: King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, P.O. Box 9515, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: anwarfa@NGHA.MED.SA.
authors: Anwar
authors: A
authors: Farzal
authors: King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, P.O. Box 9515, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: baljounda@NGHA.MED.SA.
authors: Dalal
authors: D
authors: Baljoon
authors: King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, P.O. Box 9515, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: alsofyaniab@NGHA.MED.SA.
authors: Abeer
authors: A
authors: Al Sofyani
authors: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: sbahijri@gmail.com.
authors: Suhad
authors: S
authors: Bahijri
authors: King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, P.O. Box 9515, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: KadamIM@ngha.med.sa.
authors: Ibrahim
authors: I
authors: Kadam
authors: King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, P.O. Box 9515, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: HafizK@ngha.med.sa.
authors: Khalid
authors: K
authors: Hafiz
authors: King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, P.O. Box 9515, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: AbdelaalMA@ngha.med.sa.
authors: Mohamed
authors: M
authors: Abdelaal
authors: Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Mayfield House, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PH, United Kingdom. Electronic address: G.Ferns@bsms.ac.uk.
authors: Gordon
authors: G
authors: Ferns
mesh_terms: D001782:Blood Donors; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D005215:Fasting; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Blood donation; HOMA-IR; Hb1Ac; Insulin resistance; Iron; Venesection