title: Assessment of Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb levels in beach and dune sands from Havana resorts, Cuba.
abstract: Concentrations of nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) in beach and dune sands from thirteen Havana (Cuba) resorts were estimated by X-ray fluorescence analysis. Determined mean metal contents (in mg·kg(-1)) in beach sand samples were 28±12 for Ni, 35±12 for Cu, 31±11 for Zn and 6.0±1.8 for Pb, while for dune sands were 30±15, 38±22, 37±15 and 6.8±2.9, respectively. Metal-to-iron normalization shows moderately severe and severe enrichment by Cu. The comparison with sediment quality guidelines shows that dune sands from various resorts must be considered as heavily polluted by Cu and Ni. Almost in every resort, the Ni and Cu contents exceed their corresponding TEL values and, in some resorts, the Ni PEL value. The comparison with a Havana topsoil study indicates the possible Ni and Cu natural origin.
authors: Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas (InSTEC), Ave. Salvador Allende y Luaces, POB 6163, La Habana 10600, Cuba. Electronic address: odrizo@instec.cu.
authors: Oscar
authors: O
authors: Díaz Rizo
authors: Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas (InSTEC), Ave. Salvador Allende y Luaces, POB 6163, La Habana 10600, Cuba.
authors: Fran
authors: F
authors: Buzón González
authors: Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas (InSTEC), Ave. Salvador Allende y Luaces, POB 6163, La Habana 10600, Cuba.
authors: Juana O
authors: JO
authors: Arado López
mesh_terms: D001493:Bathing Beaches; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis; D003462:Cuba; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000032:analysis; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis; D006294:Health Resorts; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D009532:Nickel / Q000032:analysis; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D007854:Lead; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D003300:Copper; D009532:Nickel; D007501:Iron; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Beach sand; Cuba; Enrichment factor; Havana resorts; Heavy metal; Sediment quality guidelines