title: An improved embryo-rescue protocol for hybrid progeny from seedlessVitis viniferagrapes × wild ChineseVitisspecies.
abstract: A highly efficient technique of embryo rescue is critical when using stenospermocarpicVitis viniferacultivars (female parents) to breed novel, disease-resistant, seedless grape cultivars by hybridizing with wild ChineseVitisspecies (male parents) having many disease-resistance alleles. The effects of various factors on the improvement of embryo formation, germination, and plantlet development for seven hybrid combinations were studied. The results indicated that Beichun and Shuangyou were the best male parents. The best sampling time for ovule inoculation differed among the female parents. When hybrid ovules were cultured on a double-phase medium with five different solid medium types, percent embryo formation was highest (11.3-28.3%) on a modified MM3 medium. Percentages of embryo germination (15.4-55.4%) and plantlet development (11.15-44.6%) were all highest when embryos were cultured on Woody Plant Medium + 5.7 μM indole-3-acetic acid + 4.4 μM 6-benzylaminopurine + 1.4 μM gibberellic acid + 2% sucrose + 0.05% casein hydrolysate + 0.3% activated charcoal + 0.7% agar. In the absence of other amino acids, the addition of proline significantly increased embryo formation (36.1%), embryo germination (64.6%), and plantlet development (90.5%). A highly efficient protocol has been developed for hybrid embryo rescue from seedlessV. viniferagrapes × wild ChineseVitisspecies that results in a significant improvement in breeding efficiency for new disease-resistant seedless grapes.
authors: College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 People's Republic of China.
authors: Gui Rong
authors: GR
authors: Li
authors: College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 People's Republic of China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Ji
authors: College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 People's Republic of China.
authors: Gang
authors: G
authors: Wang
authors: College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 People's Republic of China.
authors: Jian Xia
authors: JX
authors: Zhang
authors: College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 People's Republic of China.
authors: Yue Jin
authors: YJ
authors: Wang
keywords: Embryo rescue; Hybrid progeny; In vitro culture; Seedless grapes; Wild Chinese Vitis species