title: Iodine deficiency in a study population of pregnant women in Sweden.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Iodine deficiency in utero may impair neurological development of the fetus. In Sweden, iodine nutrition is considered to be adequate in the general population. The aim of this study was to evaluate iodine nutrition during pregnancy in Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, the total study population (n = 459) consisted of two cohorts (Värmland County, n = 273, and Uppsala County, n = 186) of pregnant non-smoking women without pre-gestational diabetes mellitus or known thyroid disease before or during pregnancy. Spot urine samples were collected in the third trimester of pregnancy for median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median UIC in the total study population was 98 μg/L (interquartile range 57-148 μg/L).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to WHO/UNICEF/IGN criteria, population-based median UIC during pregnancy should be 150-249 μg/L. Thus, our results indicate insufficient iodine status in the pregnant population of Sweden. There is an urgent need for further assessments in order to optimize iodine nutrition during pregnancy.
authors: Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors: Michaela
authors: M
authors: Granfors
authors: Human Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.|The Iodine Global Network (IGN), Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Andersson
authors: Human Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Stinca
authors: Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors: Helena
authors: H
authors: Åkerud
authors: Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors: Alkistis
authors: A
authors: Skalkidou
authors: Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors: Inger Sundström
authors: IS
authors: Poromaa
authors: Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors: Anna-Karin
authors: AK
authors: Wikström
authors: Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.|Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors: Helena Filipsson
authors: HF
authors: Nyström
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000652:urine; D008423:Maternal Age; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D007455:Iodine
keywords: Iodine; iodine deficiency; pregnancy; survey; urinary iodine concentration