title: Gender and Age Differences in Hourly and Daily Patterns of Sedentary Time in Older Adults Living in Retirement Communities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Total sedentary time varies across population groups with important health consequences. Patterns of sedentary time accumulation may vary and have differential health risks. The purpose of this study is to describe sedentary patterns of older adults living in retirement communities and illustrate gender and age differences in those patterns.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline accelerometer data from 307 men and women (mean age = 84±6 years) who wore ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers for ≥ 4 days as part of a physical activity intervention were classified into bouts of sedentary time (<100 counts per minute). Linear mixed models were used to account for intra-person and site-level clustering. Daily and hourly summaries were examined in mutually non-exclusive bouts of sedentary time that were 1+, 5+, 10+, 20+, 30+, 40+, 50+, 60+, 90+ and 120+ minutes in duration. Variations by time of day, age and gender were explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men accumulated more sedentary time than women in 1+, 5+, 10+, 20+, 30+, 40+, 50+ and 60+ minute bouts; the largest gender-differences were observed in 10+ and 20+ minute bouts. Age was positively associated with sedentary time, but only in bouts of 10+, 20+, 30+, and 40+ minutes. Women had more daily 1+ minute sedentary bouts than men (71.8 vs. 65.2), indicating they break up sedentary time more often. For men and women, a greater proportion of time was spent being sedentary during later hours of the day than earlier. Gender differences in intra-day sedentary time were observed during morning hours with women accumulating less sedentary time overall and having more 1+ minute bouts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patterns identified using bouts of sedentary time revealed gender and age differences in the way in which sedentary time was accumulated by older adults in retirement communities. Awareness of these patterns can help interventionists better target sedentary time and may aid in the identification of health risks associated with sedentary behavior. Future studies should investigate the impact of patterns of sedentary time on healthy aging, disease, and mortality.
authors: San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health (Epidemiology), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America; Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Bellettiere
authors: Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America.
authors: Jordan A
authors: JA
authors: Carlson
authors: Department of Health Services, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
authors: Dori
authors: D
authors: Rosenberg
authors: Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.
authors: Anant
authors: A
authors: Singhania
authors: Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.
authors: Loki
authors: L
authors: Natarajan
authors: Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America; Computational Science Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California.
authors: Vincent
authors: V
authors: Berardi
authors: Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.
authors: Andrea Z
authors: AZ
authors: LaCroix
authors: Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.
authors: Dorothy D
authors: DD
authors: Sears
authors: Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.
authors: Kevin
authors: K
authors: Moran
authors: Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.
authors: Katie
authors: K
authors: Crist
authors: Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.
authors: Jacqueline
authors: J
authors: Kerr
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D000367:Age Factors; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D012179:Retirement / Q000523:psychology*; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012737:Sex Factors