title: Correction of secondary deformity after Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum by means of cultured autologous cartilage cell injection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For some cases of pectus excavatum, ideal chest shape cannot be achieved solely by performing the Nuss procedure. This manuscript presents a case where the residual deformity following Nuss was corrected using injection-transplantation of cultured autologous chondrocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The treatment was performed for an 18-year-old male, who sought improvement of his chest shape after previously undergoing the Nuss procedure. A 1cm(2) auricular cartilage piece was harvested from his ear. Chondrocytes were isolated from the cartilage piece and were cultured. The cultured chondrocytes were processed into gel form and were injection-transplanted to the deformed region of the patient's chest. The grafted chondrocytes consolidated in one month, presenting elasticity equivalent to ordinary costal cartilage. The patient's chest remains in an optimal shape after a one-year postoperative follow up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Secondary correction of the chest deformity after previous operation for pectus excavatum is often tricky, because of the possible adhesion of the lungs or pericardium with the thoracic wall. Transplantation of cultured autologous chondrocytes does not require intra-thoracic maneuvers, and so is less invasive than other surgical interventions. Hence, priority can be placed, in some cases, on the chondrocyte transplantation rather than the re-correction of the thorax with the Nuss procedure or Ravitch procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transplantation of cultured autologous chondrocytes is recommended as a useful option for secondary correction of chest deformity after the Nuss procedure.
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine/Graduate School of Medicine, Kagawa University Kagawa Prefecture, Kida County Miki-Cho Ikenobe 1750-1, Japan.
authors: Motoki
authors: M
authors: Tamai
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine/Graduate School of Medicine, Kagawa University Kagawa Prefecture, Kida County Miki-Cho Ikenobe 1750-1, Japan. Electronic address: nagasao@med.kagawa-u.ac.jp.
authors: Tomohisa
authors: T
authors: Nagasao
authors: Yanaga Clinic and Tissue Culture Laboratory, 1-2-12 Tenjin, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka 810-0001, Japan.
authors: Hiroko
authors: H
authors: Yanaga
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine/Graduate School of Medicine, Kagawa University Kagawa Prefecture, Kida County Miki-Cho Ikenobe 1750-1, Japan.
authors: Yusuke
authors: Y
authors: Hamamoto
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine/Graduate School of Medicine, Kagawa University Kagawa Prefecture, Kida County Miki-Cho Ikenobe 1750-1, Japan.
authors: Tetsukuni
authors: T
authors: Kogure
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine/Graduate School of Medicine, Kagawa University Kagawa Prefecture, Kida County Miki-Cho Ikenobe 1750-1, Japan.
authors: Yoshio
authors: Y
authors: Tanaka