title: Can Increasing the Manufacturer's Recommended Shortest Curing Time of High-intensity Light-emitting Diodes Adequately Cure Sealants?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate sealant depth of cure after increasing the curing times of high-intensity light-emitting diode units (LEDs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Three sealants (opaque-unfilled, opaque-filled, and clear-filled) were light cured in a covered-slot mold with: (a) three LEDs (VALO, SmartLite, Fusion) for six to 15 seconds; and (b) a quartz-tungsten halogen (QTH) light for 40 seconds as a control (N=10). Twenty-four hours after light curing, microhardness was measured at the sealant surface and through the depth at 0.5 mm increments. Results were analyzed via analysis of variance followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (significance level 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The opaque-filled and clear-filled sealants cured with VALO for six or nine seconds had hardness values that were statistically equivalent to or better than the QTH to a depth of 1.5 mm. Using Fusion for 10 seconds (exposure limit) did not adequately cure the three sealants beyond one mm. SmartLite at 15 seconds (maximum exposure period without overheating) did not adequately cure the sealants beyond 0.5 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among the tested high-intensity LEDs, only VALO at double or triple the manufacturers' shortest curing time (six or nine seconds) provided adequate curing of opaque-filled and clear-filled sealants at 1.5 mm depth compared to the 40-second QTH light.
authors: Private practice, Greenville, S.C., USA.
authors: Caroline F
authors: CF
authors: Branchal
authors: Graduate Pediatric Dentistry Program, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Health, in the College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tenn., USA.
authors: Martha H
authors: MH
authors: Wells
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, in the College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tenn., USA.
authors: Daranee
authors: D
authors: Tantbirojn
authors: Biomaterials Research, Department of Bioscience Research, in the College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tenn., USA. antheun@uthsc.edu.
authors: Antheunis
authors: A
authors: Versluis
mesh_terms: D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D003116:Color; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D055117:Curing Lights, Dental / Q000145:classification*; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D055115:Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008422:Materials Testing; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects*; D058105:Polymerization; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C500418:Clinpro Sealant; D003188:Composite Resins; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants; D011140:Polyurethanes; C106663:Ultra Seal XT; C086661:Fluoroshield; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate