title: [Current Guidelines to Prevent Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current guidelines for the prevention of obesity in childhood and adolescence are presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was performed in Medline via PubMed, and appropriate studies were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Programs to prevent childhood obesity were to date mainly school-based. Effects were limited to date. Analyses tailored to different age groups show that prevention programs have the best effects in younger children (< 12 years). Evidence based recommendations for preschool- and early school age imply the need for interventions addressing parents and teachers alike. During adolescence, school-based interventions were most effective when adolescents were directly addressed. To date, obesity prevention programs have mainly focused on behavior oriented prevention. Recommendations for condition oriented prevention have been suggested by the German Alliance of Non-communicable Diseases and include one hour of physical activity at school, promotion of healthy food choices by taxing unhealthy foods, mandatory quality standards for meals at kindergarten and schools as well as a ban on unhealthy food advertisement addressing children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Behavior oriented prevention programs showed hardly any or only limited effects in the long term. Certain risk groups for the development of obesity are not reached effectively by available programs. Due to the heterogeneity of available studies, universally valid conclusions cannot be drawn. The combination with condition oriented prevention, which has to counteract on an obesogenic environment, is crucial for sustainable success of future obesity prevention programs.
authors: IFB AdipositasErkrankungen, Universität Leipzig.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Blüher
authors: Institut für Humangenetik, Universität Jena.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Kromeyer-Hauschild
authors: Institut für Bewegungs- und Neurowissenschaft, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Graf
authors: Training/Coaching, Grünewald-Funk Consulting, Berlin.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Grünewald-Funk
authors: Abteiliung für Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin, Universität Wien.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Widhalm
authors: Abteilung für Rehabilitative und Präventive Sportmedizin, Medizinische Universität Freiburg.
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Korsten-Reck
authors: IFB AdipositasErkrankungen, Universität Leipzig.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Markert
authors: IFB AdipositasErkrankungen, Universität Leipzig.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Güssfeld
authors: Institut für Humanernährung und Lebensmittelkunde, Christian-Albrechts Universität Kiel.
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Müller
authors: Abteilung für Pädiatrische Endokrinologie und Diabetes, Klinik für Pädiatrie, Universität Ulm.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Moss
authors: Abteilung für Pädiatrsiche Endokrinologie und Diabetes, Interdisziplinäre Adipositas-Abteilung, Klinik für Pädiatrie, Universität Ulm.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Wabitsch
authors: Abteilung für Pädiatrische Endokrinologie und Diabetes, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Wiegand
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004035:Diet Therapy; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012572:School Health Services; D012931:Social Environment; D016896:Treatment Outcome