title: Determination of (210)Po in calcium supplements and the possible related dose assessment to the consumers.
abstract: The aim of this pioneer study was to investigate the most popular calcium supplements as a potential additional source of polonium (210)Po in human diet. The analyzed calcium pharmaceutics contained organic or inorganic calcium compounds; some from natural sources as mussels' shells, fish extracts, or sedimentary rocks. The objectives of this research were to investigate the naturally occurring (210)Po activity concentrations in calcium supplements, find the correlations between (210)Po concentration in medicament and calcium chemical form, and calculate the effective radiation dose connected to analyzed calcium supplement consumption. As results showed, (210)Po concentrations in natural origin calcium supplements (especially sedimentary rocks) were higher than the other analyzed. Also the results of (210)Po analysis obtained for inorganic forms of calcium supplements were higher. The highest (210)Po activity concentrations were determined in mineral tablets made from sedimentary rocks: dolomite and chalk - 3.88 ± 0.22 and 3.36 ± 0.10 mBq g(-1) respectively; while the lowest in organic calcium compounds: calcium lactate and calcium gluconate - 0.07 ± 0.02 and 0.17 ± 0.01 mBq g(-1). The annual effective radiation doses from supplements intake were estimated as well. The highest annual radiation dose from (210)Po taken with 1 tablet of calcium supplement per day was connected to sample made from chalk - 2.5 ± 0.07 μSv year(-1), while the highest annual radiation dose from (210)Po taken with 1 g of pure calcium per day was connected to dolomite - 12.7 ± 0.70 μSv year(-1).
authors: University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry and Radiochemistry Chair, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland. Electronic address: dagmara.struminska@ug.edu.pl.
authors: Dagmara I
authors: DI
authors: Strumińska-Parulska
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis*; D005503:Food Additives / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D011044:Poland; D011059:Polonium / Q000032:analysis*; D000069079:Radiation Exposure; D011834:Radiation Monitoring
chemical_list: D005503:Food Additives; D011059:Polonium; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Calcium; Effective radiation dose; Human health; Polonium (210)Po; Supplement