title: The Prague Stroop Test: Normative standards in older Czech adults and discriminative validity for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to provide normative data for older and very old Czech adults on the Prague Stroop Test (PST) and to test its discriminative validity in individuals with Parkinson's disease mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  The construction of the PST was modeled after the Victoria Stroop Test. We examined 539 participants aged 60-96 that met strict inclusion criteria. After, we compared the PST scores for a group of 45 PD-MCI patients with a healthy adult sample (HAS) of 45 age- and education-matched individuals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  I. In the non-clinical sample, robust age- and education-related influences were observed on all PST scores. No gender effect was noted. II. For clinical cases, interference condition (PST-C) was able to discriminate between PD-MCI and HAS (all scores ps < .01). Area under the curve (AUC) was 77% when a screening cut-off of ≤ 27 s was used, showing sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 53%. A more conservative diagnostic cut-off of ≤ 33 s showed sensitivity of 60% and specificity of 80%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study provides PST normative data for basic, interference, and error scores stratified by age (60-96 years). PST appears to be a helpful tool for the diagnostics of PD-MCI especially in research settings at Level II (Litvan et al., 2012) and for PD-MCI attention/working memory and executive function subtyping.
authors: a Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience , First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic.
authors: Ondrej
authors: O
authors: Bezdicek
authors: Jiri
authors: J
authors: Lukavsky
authors: Hana
authors: H
authors: Stepankova
authors: Tomas
authors: T
authors: Nikolai
authors: Bradley N
authors: BN
authors: Axelrod
authors: Jiri
authors: J
authors: Michalec
authors: Evžen
authors: E
authors: Růžička
authors: Miloslav
authors: M
authors: Kopecek
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D018153:Czech Republic; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012016:Reference Values; D057190:Stroop Test / Q000592:standards*
keywords: Aging; Inhibition; Mild cognitive impairment; Normative data; Parkinson’s disease; Stroop Test