title: PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-Dependent Activation of the mTORC2 Kinase Complex.
abstract: mTOR serves as a central regulator of cell growth and metabolism by forming two distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. Although mechanisms of mTORC1 activation by growth factors and amino acids have been extensively studied, the upstream regulatory mechanisms leading to mTORC2 activation remain largely elusive. Here, we report that the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of SIN1, an essential and unique component of mTORC2, interacts with the mTOR kinase domain to suppress mTOR activity. More importantly, PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, but not other PtdInsPn species, interacts with SIN1-PH to release its inhibition on the mTOR kinase domain, thereby triggering mTORC2 activation. Mutating critical SIN1 residues that mediate PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 interaction inactivates mTORC2, whereas mTORC2 activity is pathologically increased by patient-derived mutations in the SIN1-PH domain, promoting cell growth and tumor formation. Together, our study unravels a PI3K-dependent mechanism for mTORC2 activation, allowing mTORC2 to activate AKT in a manner that is regulated temporally and spatially by PtdIns(3,4,5)P3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SIN1-PH domain interacts with the mTOR kinase domain to suppress mTOR activity, and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 binds the SIN1-PH domain to release its inhibition on the mTOR kinase domain, leading to mTORC2 activation. Cancer patient-derived SIN1-PH domain mutations gain oncogenicity by loss of suppressing mTOR activity as a means to facilitate tumorigenesis.
authors: Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Pengda
authors: P
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Wenjian
authors: W
authors: Gan
authors: Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Y Rebecca
authors: YR
authors: Chin
authors: Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Kohei
authors: K
authors: Ogura
authors: Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Jianping
authors: J
authors: Guo
authors: Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Jinfang
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Wang
authors: Cancer Center at Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Blenis
authors: Cancer Center at Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York.
authors: Lewis C
authors: LC
authors: Cantley
authors: Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Alex
authors: A
authors: Toker
authors: Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Department of Immunobiology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. wwei2@bidmc.harvard.edu bing.su@yale.edu.
authors: Bing
authors: B
authors: Su
authors: Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. wwei2@bidmc.harvard.edu bing.su@yale.edu.
authors: Wenyi
authors: W
authors: Wei
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002384:Catalysis; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D064593:Heterografts; D006801:Humans; D000076225:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2; D051379:Mice; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D054730:Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs / Q000235:genetics; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C117307:KRAS protein, human; C493277:MAPKAP1 protein, human; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates; C060974:phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate; D000076225:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)