title: The cell ratchet: interplay between efficient protrusions and adhesion determines cell motion.
abstract: Many physiological and pathological processes involve directed cell motion. In general, migrating cells are represented with a polarized morphology with extending and retracting protrusions at the leading edge. However, cell motion is a more complex phenomenon. Cells show heterogeneous morphologies and high protrusive dynamics is not always related to cell shape. This prevents the quantitative prediction of cell motion and the identification of cellular mechanisms setting directionality. Here we discuss the importance of protrusion fluctuations in directed cell motion. We show how their spatiotemporal distribution and dynamics determine the fluctuations and directions of cell motion for NIH3T3 fibroblasts plated on micro-patterned adhesive ratchets. (1) We introduce efficient protrusions and direction index which capture short-term cell motility over hours: these new read-outs allow the prediction of parameters characteristic for the long-term motion of cells over days. The results may have important implications for the study of biological phenomena where directed cell migration is involved, in morphogenesis and in cancer.
authors: a Laboratory of Cell Physics; ISIS/IGBMC; Université de Strasbourg and CNRS (UMR 7006) ; Strasbourg , France.|b Development and Stem Cells Program; IGBMC; CNRS (UMR 7104); INSERM (U964); Université de Strasbourg ; Illkirch , France.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Caballero
authors: c Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée; CNRS UMR 7600; Université Pierre et Marie Curie ; Paris , France.|d Laboratoire Jean Perrin; CNRS FRE 3231; Université Pierre et Marie Curie ; Paris , France.
authors: Raphaël
authors: R
authors: Voituriez
authors: a Laboratory of Cell Physics; ISIS/IGBMC; Université de Strasbourg and CNRS (UMR 7006) ; Strasbourg , France.|b Development and Stem Cells Program; IGBMC; CNRS (UMR 7104); INSERM (U964); Université de Strasbourg ; Illkirch , France.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Riveline
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002465:Cell Movement; D048430:Cell Shape; D022081:Cell Surface Extensions / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells
keywords: cell migration; direction index; efficient protrusion; persistent random walk model; protrusion fluctuations; ratchet