title: The impact of delivery style on doctors' experience of stress during simulated bad news consultations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between doctors' bad news delivery style and their experience of physiological stress during simulated bad news consultations.
  
  
  METHODS
  31 doctors participated in two simulated breaking bad news (BBN) consultations. Delivery style was categorized as either blunt, forecasting or stalling (i.e. avoidant), based on the time to deliver the bad news and qualitative analysis of the interaction content and doctor's language style. Doctors' heart rate (HR) and skin conductance (SC) were recorded in consecutive 30s epochs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Doctors experienced a significant decrease in HR (F(1,36)=44.9, p<.0001) and SC (F(1,48)=5.6, p<.001) between the pre- and post-news delivery phases of the consultation. Between-group comparisons for the three delivery styles did not identify any significant differences in HR (F(2,36)=2.2, p>.05) or SC (F(2,48)=.66, p>.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Doctors experience heightened stress in the pre-news delivery phase of breaking bad news interactions. Delaying the delivery of bad news exposes doctors to a longer period of increased stress.This suggests that medical students and doctors should be taught to deliver bad news without delay, to help mitigate their response to this stressful encounter.
authors: Psycho-oncology Co-operative Research Group, School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney Australia. Electronic address: joanne.shaw@Sydney.edu.au.
authors: Joanne
authors: J
authors: Shaw
authors: Research School of Psychology, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra Australia.
authors: Rhonda
authors: R
authors: Brown
authors: Pam McLean Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney Australia.
authors: Stewart
authors: S
authors: Dunn
mesh_terms: D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016544:Patient Simulation; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology*; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014342:Truth Disclosure
keywords: Breaking bad news; Communication; Doctors; Physiological; Stress