title: Deficits in visual short-term memory binding in children at risk of non-verbal learning disabilities.
abstract: It has been hypothesized that learning disabled children meet short-term memory (STM) problems especially when they must bind different types of information, however the hypothesis has not been systematically tested. This study assessed visual STM for shapes and colors and the binding of shapes and colors, comparing a group of children (aged between 8 and 10 years) at risk of non-verbal learning disabilities (NLD) with a control group of children matched for general verbal abilities, age, gender, and socioeconomic level. Results revealed that groups did not differ in retention of either shapes or colors, but children at risk of NLD were poorer than controls in memory for shape-color bindings.
authors: CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, Brazil; Department of Psychology, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Italy. Electronic address: rbgarcia@gmail.com.
authors: Ricardo Basso
authors: RB
authors: Garcia
authors: Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy. Electronic address: irene.mammarella@unipd.it.
authors: Irene C
authors: IC
authors: Mammarella
authors: Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Italy.
authors: Arianna
authors: A
authors: Pancera
authors: Department of Psychology, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors: Cesar
authors: C
authors: Galera
authors: Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Italy.
authors: Cesare
authors: C
authors: Cornoldi
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003118:Color Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005556:Form Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Memory binding; Non-verbal learning disability; Short-term memory; Visual memory; Working memory