title: Zincmethylphyrins and coproporphyrins, novel growth factors released by Sphingopyxis sp., enable laboratory cultivation of previously uncultured Leucobacter sp. through interspecies mutualism.
abstract: We have identified coproporphyrins including structurally new zincmethylphyrins I and III as growth factors A-F for the previously uncultured bacterial strain, Leucobacter sp. ASN212, from a supernatant of 210 l of Sphingopyxis sp. GF9 culture. Growth factors A-F induced significant growth of strain ASN212 at the concentrations of picomolar to nanomolar which would otherwise be unculturable in liquid medium or on agar plate. More interestingly, we found that the growth factors functioned as self-toxic compounds for the growth-factor producing strain GF9 at the picomolar to nanomolar levels. As a variety of bacteria could potentially produce coproporphyrins, our findings suggest that these compounds function as a novel class of signal molecules across a boundary at phylum level in the complex bacterial communities.
authors: Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors: Mohammad Nazrul Islam
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2445-6091
authors: MN
authors: Bhuiyan
authors: Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors: Ryogo
authors: R
authors: Takai
authors: Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors: Shinya
authors: S
authors: Mitsuhashi
authors: Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors: Kengo
authors: K
authors: Shigetomi
authors: Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
authors: Yasuhiro
authors: Y
authors: Tanaka
authors: Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors: Yoichi
authors: Y
authors: Kamagata
authors: Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Ubukata
mesh_terms: D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D003306:Coproporphyrins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D042301:Sphingomonadaceae / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D003306:Coproporphyrins; D003470:Culture Media; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins