title: Interventions for Intrauterine Resuscitation in Suspected Fetal Distress During Term Labor: A Systematic Review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intrauterine resuscitation techniques during term labor are commonly used in daily clinical practice. Evidence, however, to support the beneficial effect of intrauterine resuscitation techniques on fetal distress during labor is limited and sometimes contradictory. In contrast, some of these interventions may even be harmful.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To give insight into the current evidence on intrauterine resuscitation techniques. In addition, we formulate recommendations for current clinical practice and propose directions for further research.
  
  
  METHODS
  We systematically searched the electronic PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases for studies on intrauterine resuscitation for suspected fetal distress during term labor until February 2015. Eligible articles and their references were independently assessed by 2 authors. Judgment was based on methodological quality and study results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our literature search identified 15 studies: 4 studies on amnioinfusion, 1 study on maternal hyperoxygenation, 1 study on maternal repositioning, 1 study on intravenous fluid administration, and 8 studies on tocolysis. Of these 15 research papers, 3 described a randomized controlled trial; all other studies were observational reports or case reports.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Little robust evidence to promote a specific intrauterine resuscitation technique is available. Based on our literature search, we support the use of tocolysis and maternal repositioning for fetal distress. We believe the effect of amnioinfusion and maternal hyperoxygenation should be further investigated in properly designed randomized controlled trials to make up the balance between beneficial and potential hazardous effects.
authors: Resident, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, and Clinical Researcher, Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven.
authors: Lauren M
authors: LM
authors: Bullens
authors: Gynecologist-Perinatologist, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, MàximaMedical Center, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.
authors: Pieter J
authors: PJ
authors: van Runnard Heimel
authors: Clinical Researcher, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Màxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, and Biomedical Engineer, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven.
authors: M Beatrijs
authors: MB
authors: van der Hout-van der Jagt
authors: Gynecologist-Perinatologist, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Màxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, and Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors: S Guid
authors: SG
authors: Oei
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005316:Fetal Distress / Q000628:therapy*; D046128:Fetal Therapies / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000628:therapy*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011247:Pregnancy; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D015145:Tocolysis
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen