title: How Many Biochemistries Are Available To Build a Cell?
abstract: The manual experimental evolution of the bacterium Escherichia coli allowed the design of a noncanonical genetic code in which complete replacement of the endogenous building block tryptophan (left) by an exogenous one based on a thienylpyrrole (right) was achieved after 506 days of continuous culturing.
authors: Max-Planck-Institut für Terrestrische Mikrobiologie, Small Prokaryotic RNA Biology Group, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 10, 35043, Marburg, Germany. acevedor@mpi-marburg.mpg.de.|Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschafltich-Ökonomischer Exzellenz (LOEWE), Zentrum für Synthetische Mikrobiologie (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 6, 35042, Marburg, Germany. acevedor@mpi-marburg.mpg.de.
authors: Carlos G
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5877-2084
authors: CG
authors: Acevedo-Rocha
authors: School of the Environment, Washington State University, Webster Hall 1148, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA.|Beyond Center, Arizona State University, P. O. Box 871504, Tempe, AZ, 85827, USA.|Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Technical University Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Dirk
authors: D
authors: Schulze-Makuch
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000166:cytology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005815:Genetic Code; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D011758:Pyrroles; D013876:Thiophenes; D014364:Tryptophan
keywords: biocatalysis; chemical synthetic biology; continuous evolution; genetic code engineering; unnatural amino acids