title: Chrono-immunology: progress and challenges in understanding links between the circadian and immune systems.
abstract: Development of inflammatory diseases, such as metabolic syndrome and cancer, is prevalent in individuals that encounter continuous disruption of their internal clock. Further, daily oscillations in susceptibility to infection as well as a multitude of other immunological processes have been described. Much progress has been made and various mechanisms have been proposed to explain circadian variations in immunity; yet much is still unknown. Understanding the crosstalk between the circadian and the immune systems will allow us to manipulate clock outputs to prevent and treat inflammatory diseases in individuals at risk. This review briefly summarizes current knowledge about circadian rhythms and their role in the immune system and highlights progress and challenges in chrono-immunological research.
authors: Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors: Sarah S
authors: SS
authors: Geiger
authors: Microorganism/Host Interaction, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors: Caio T
authors: CT
authors: Fagundes
authors: Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors: Richard M
authors: RM
authors: Siegel
mesh_terms: D056930:ARNTL Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D057906:Circadian Clocks / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000502:physiology*; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D008322:Mammals / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D018448:Models, Immunological; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D012890:Sleep / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D056930:ARNTL Transcription Factors; D016207:Cytokines
keywords: circadian; cytokines; immunity; metabolism; sleep