title: Prediction of brain atrophy using three drug scores in neuroasymptomatic HIV-infected patients with controlled viremia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite potent antiretroviral therapy, HIV still causes brain damage. Better penetration into the CNS and efficient elimination of monocyte/macrophages reservoirs are two main characteristics of an antiretroviral drug that could prevent brain damage. The aim of our study was to assess efficacy of three antiretroviral drug scores to predict brain atrophy in HIV-infected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross sectional study consisting of 56 HIV-infected patients with controlled viremia, who had no clinically evident neurocognitive impairment. All patients had MRI of the head. A typical T2 transversal slice was analyzed and ventricles-brain ratio (VBr) as an overall brain atrophy index was calculated. Three antiretroviral drug scores were used and correlated with VBr: 2008 and 2010 CNS penetration effectiveness scores (ΣCPE2008 and ΣCPE2010) and the recently established monocyte efficacy (ΣME) score. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ΣCPE2010 was significantly associated with VBr in both univariate (r=-0.285, p=0.033) and multivariate (β=-0.299, p=0.016) regression models, while ΣCPE2008 was not (r=-0.141, p=0.300 and β=-0.156, p=0.214). ΣME was associated with VBr in multivariate model only (r=-0.297, p=0.111 and β=-0.406, p=0.029). Age and reported duration of HIV infection were also significant predictors of overall brain atrophy in multivariate regression models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although based on similar type of research, ΣCPE2010 is a superior drug score compared to ΣCPE2008. ΣME is an efficient drug score in determining brain damage. Both ΣCPE2010 and ΣME scores should be taken into account in preventive strategies of brain atrophy and neurocognitive impairment in HIV-infected patients.
authors: Infectious Diseases Clinic - HIV/AIDS Centre, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Electronic address: markonovakovic@rocketmail.com.
authors: Marko
authors: M
authors: Novakovic
authors: Infectious Diseases Clinic - HIV/AIDS Centre, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
authors: Vesna
authors: V
authors: Turkulov
authors: Infectious Diseases Clinic - HIV/AIDS Centre, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Maric
authors: Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia; Diagnostic Imaging Centre, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia.
authors: Dusko
authors: D
authors: Kozic
authors: Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Maribor, Kranj, Slovenia.
authors: Uros
authors: U
authors: Rajkovic
authors: Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia; Diagnostic Imaging Centre, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia.
authors: Mladen
authors: M
authors: Bjelan
authors: Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia; Diagnostic Imaging Centre, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia.
authors: Milos
authors: M
authors: Lucic
authors: Infectious Diseases Clinic - HIV/AIDS Centre, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
authors: Snezana
authors: S
authors: Brkic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001284:Atrophy / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D019562:Viral Load; D014766:Viremia / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents
keywords: Brain atrophy; CPE; HAART; HIV; Monocyte efficacy score