title: Sensitization to milk, egg and peanut from birth to 18 years: A longitudinal study of a cohort at risk of allergic disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Longitudinal data on the natural history of food sensitization beyond early childhood are scarce. We aimed to investigate the natural history of milk, egg and peanut sensitization from infancy to 18 years and assess whether early food sensitization predicted adolescent food allergy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sensitization to cow's milk, hen's egg and peanut was measured by skin prick testing at ages 6 months, 1, 2, 12 and 18 years in a high-risk allergy birth cohort (n = 620). Generalized additive models investigated interactions with sex, eczema and aeroallergen sensitization in infancy. Logistic regression assessed the relationships between early food sensitization and adolescent sensitization and probable food allergy up to 18 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of egg and peanut sensitization peaked at 12 months, while milk sensitization peaked at both 1 and 12 years. Boys with early eczema had the highest prevalences of milk and egg sensitization throughout follow-ups. However, neither sex nor eczema influenced the prevalence of peanut sensitization over time. New onset food sensitization beyond the age of 2 was observed in 7% of participants. Food sensitization at 12 months was associated with increased risk of adolescent food sensitization and adolescent probable food allergy, with sensitization to more than one food allergen had the strongest predictor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Food sensitization prevalence is highest in infancy and declines after 12 months of age. Boys with early-life eczema have the highest prevalence of milk and egg sensitization. Food sensitization at 12 months can predict children at greater risk of adolescent sensitization and probable food allergy at 12 and 18 years.
authors: Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|The Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Shatha A
authors: SA
authors: Alduraywish
authors: Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Caroline J
authors: CJ
authors: Lodge
authors: School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Don
authors: D
authors: Vicendese
authors: Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Adrian J
authors: AJ
authors: Lowe
authors: School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Bircan
authors: B
authors: Erbas
authors: Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Melanie C
authors: MC
authors: Matheson
authors: Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Hopper
authors: Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Hill
authors: Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Axelrad
authors: School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Abramson
authors: Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.|The Department of Allergy, Royal Children Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Katrina J
authors: KJ
authors: Allen
authors: Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
authors: Shyamali C
authors: SC
authors: Dharmage
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D017668:Age of Onset; D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D021181:Egg Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007428:Intradermal Tests; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D016269:Milk Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D021183:Peanut Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014739:Victoria / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens
keywords: birth cohort; egg; food allergy; food sensitization; milk; peanut