title: Cellular Subcompartments through Cytoplasmic Streaming.
abstract: Cytoplasmic streaming occurs in diverse cell types, where it generally serves a transport function. Here, we examine streaming in multicellular fungal hyphae and identify an additional function wherein regimented streaming forms distinct cytoplasmic subcompartments. In the hypha, cytoplasm flows directionally from cell to cell through septal pores. Using live-cell imaging and computer simulations, we identify a flow pattern that produces vortices (eddies) on the upstream side of the septum. Nuclei can be immobilized in these microfluidic eddies, where they form multinucleate aggregates and accumulate foci of the HDA-2 histone deacetylase-associated factor, SPA-19. Pores experiencing flow degenerate in the absence of SPA-19, suggesting that eddy-trapped nuclei function to reinforce the septum. Together, our data show that eddies comprise a subcellular niche favoring nuclear differentiation and that subcompartments can be self-organized as a consequence of regimented cytoplasmic streaming.
authors: Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory and Department of Biological Sciences, The National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore.
authors: Laurent
authors: L
authors: Pieuchot
authors: Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory and Department of Biological Sciences, The National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore.
authors: Julian
authors: J
authors: Lai
authors: Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory and Department of Biological Sciences, The National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore.
authors: Rachel Ann
authors: RA
authors: Loh
authors: Institute of High Performance Computing, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138632, Singapore.
authors: Fong Yew
authors: FY
authors: Leong
authors: Bioinformatics Institute, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138671, Singapore.
authors: Keng-Hwee
authors: KH
authors: Chiam
authors: Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
authors: Jason
authors: J
authors: Stajich
authors: Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory and Department of Biological Sciences, The National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore. Electronic address: gregory@tll.org.sg.
authors: Gregory
authors: G
authors: Jedd
mesh_terms: D002451:Cell Compartmentation; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism; D003595:Cytoplasmic Streaming; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D025301:Hyphae / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D009491:Neurospora / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D012212:Rheology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism