title: Two-Center Prospective, Randomized, Clinical, and Radiographic Study Comparing Osteotome Sinus Floor Elevation with or without Bone Graft and Simultaneous Implant Placement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate stability and success rate of hydrophilic nanostructured implants placed via osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) without grafting material or using β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), deproteinized bovine bone (DBB), or their combination, and also to assess three-dimensional volumetric stability of endo-sinus bone gained in the aforementioned conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  OSFE with simultaneous implant placement (10-mm long SLActive-BL®, Straumann, Basel, Switzerland) was performed. Grafting materials were randomly allocated to implant sites, whereas one site was left without graft. Implant stability was measured by resonance frequency analysis over 6 months. Implant success was evaluated after 2 years of loading. Volume of new endo-sinus bone was calculated from CBCT images using 3D Slicer®software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 180 implants were inserted into posterior maxilla of 45 patients with 6.59 ± 0.45 mm of residual bone height, and all remained successful after 2 years. Implant stability steadily increased during healing, without significant difference between groups (p = .658). After 2 years, endo-sinus bone significantly shrank (p < .001) in all groups (DBB:66.34%; β-TCP:61.44%; new bone formed from coagulum: 53.02%; β-TCP + DBB:33.47%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endo-sinus bone gained after OSFE inevitably and significantly shrinks regardless of whether grafting material is applied or not. Grafting material offers no significant advantage to stability nor clinical success of hydrophilic and nanostructured implants placed simultaneously with OSFE.
authors: Clinic of Oral Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. maleksa64@gmail.com.
authors: Aleksa
authors: A
authors: Marković
authors: Clinic of Oral Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Tijana
authors: T
authors: Mišić
authors: Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors: José Luís
authors: JL
authors: Calvo-Guirado
authors: Department of Prosthodontics and Digital Technology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
authors: Rafael Arcesio
authors: RA
authors: Delgado-Ruíz
authors: Clinic of Oral Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Bojan
authors: B
authors: Janjić
authors: Department of Prosthodontics and Digital Technology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
authors: Marcus
authors: M
authors: Abboud
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002417:Cattle; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010027:Osteotomy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D059546:Sinus Floor Augmentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C018392:tricalcium phosphate
keywords: bone graft; implant stability; implant success; no grafting; osteotome sinus floor elevation; posterior maxilla; volumetric changes