title: Bounce back: Effectiveness of an elementary school-based intervention for multicultural children exposed to traumatic events.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a school-based intervention for diverse children exposed to a range of traumatic events, and to examine its effectiveness in improving symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, and anxiety.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 74 schoolchildren (Grades 1-5) and their primary caregivers. All participating students endorsed clinically significant posttraumatic stress symptoms. School clinicians were trained to deliver Bounce Back, a 10-session cognitive-behavioral group intervention. Children were randomized to immediate or delayed (3-month waitlist) intervention. Parent- and child-report of posttraumatic stress and depression, and child report of anxiety symptoms, were assessed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bounce Back was implemented with excellent clinician fidelity. Compared with children in the delayed condition, children who received Bounce Back immediately demonstrated significantly greater improvements in parent- and child-reported posttraumatic stress and child-reported anxiety symptoms over the 3-month intervention. Upon receipt of the intervention, the delayed intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in parent- and child-reported posttraumatic stress, depression, and anxiety symptoms. The immediate treatment group maintained or showed continued gains in all symptom domains over the 3-month follow-up period (6-month assessment).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings support the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of the Bounce Back intervention as delivered by school-based clinicians for children with traumatic stress. Implications are discussed.
authors: Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles.
authors: Audra K
authors: AK
authors: Langley
authors: Department of Psychology, California State University, Long Beach.
authors: Araceli
authors: A
authors: Gonzalez
authors: Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles.
authors: Catherine A
authors: CA
authors: Sugar
authors: Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles.
authors: Diana
authors: D
authors: Solis
authors: RAND Corporation.
authors: Lisa
authors: L
authors: Jaycox
mesh_terms: D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D065246:Culturally Competent Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D015397:Program Evaluation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012572:School Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*