title: Genetic diversity analysis of the cucurbit powdery mildew fungus Podosphaera xanthii suggests a clonal population structure.
abstract: The sexual stage of Podosphaera xanthii is rarely found worldwide. However, chasmothecia are frequently recorded in northern Italy, suggesting the presence of an actively mating population. With the aim of investigating the genetic structure of the Italian population with respect to populations from other countries, genetic diversity analysis was performed both on 92 isolates from European and American countries by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and on 59 isolates by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) methods. Mating type frequencies were tested for random mating and two-locus linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis was performed. Results showed very low levels of genetic diversity: MLST showed no variations in eight housekeeping gene fragments and, accordingly, UPGMA dendrogram from AFLP data showed a high similarity (0.91-1.00 simple matching similarity coefficient) between isolates. Moreover, the random mating test showed no deviations from mating-type 1:1 ratio in the Italian population but deviations were observed in populations from Europe and American countries while two-locus LD analysis showed the presence of significant LD. The results suggest that the populations of P. xanthii are likely to be predominantly clonal, and asexual reproduction, producing a huge amount of conidia, appears to be the predominant type of reproduction of the species.
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
authors: Alessandro
authors: A
authors: Pirondi
authors: Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ''La Mayora'' - Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31 (Campus Universitario de Teatinos), 29071 Málaga, Spain.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Vela-Corcía
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
authors: Luca
authors: L
authors: Dondini
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
authors: Agostino
authors: A
authors: Brunelli
authors: Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ''La Mayora'' - Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31 (Campus Universitario de Teatinos), 29071 Málaga, Spain.
authors: Alejandro
authors: A
authors: Pérez-García
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: marina.collina@unibo.it.
authors: Marina
authors: M
authors: Collina
mesh_terms: D054458:Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D028464:Cucurbita / Q000382:microbiology*; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D014644:Genetic Variation; D007558:Italy; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D010802:Phylogeny; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal
keywords: AFLP; Asexual reproduction; Chasmothecia; Genetic drift; Mating types; Transposons