title: Heritable alteration of DNA methylation induced by whole-chromosome aneuploidy in wheat.
abstract: Aneuploidy causes changes in gene expression and phenotypes in all organisms studied. A previous study in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana showed that aneuploidy-generated phenotypic changes can be inherited to euploid progenies and implicated an epigenetic underpinning of the heritable variations. Based on an analysis by amplified fragment length polymorphism and methylation-sensitive amplified fragment length polymorphism markers, we found that although genetic changes at the nucleotide sequence level were negligible, extensive changes in cytosine DNA methylation patterns occurred in all studied homeologous group 1 whole-chromosome aneuploid lines of common wheat (Triticum aestivum), with monosomic 1A showing the greatest amount of methylation changes. The changed methylation patterns were inherited by euploid progenies derived from the aneuploid parents. The aneuploidy-induced DNA methylation alterations and their heritability were verified at selected loci by bisulfite sequencing. Our data have provided empirical evidence supporting earlier suggestions that heritability of aneuploidy-generated, but aneuploidy-independent, phenotypic variations may have an epigenetic basis. That at least one type of aneuploidy - monosomic 1A - was able to cause significant epigenetic divergence of the aneuploid plants and their euploid progenies also lends support to recent suggestions that aneuploidy may have played an important and protracted role in polyploid genome evolution.
authors: Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.|School of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China.
authors: Lihong
authors: L
authors: Gao
authors: Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
authors: Moussa
authors: M
authors: Diarso
authors: Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
authors: Ai
authors: A
authors: Zhang
authors: Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
authors: Huakun
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: School of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China.
authors: Yuzhu
authors: Y
authors: Dong
authors: Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
authors: Lixia
authors: L
authors: Liu
authors: Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
authors: Zhenling
authors: Z
authors: Lv
authors: Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
authors: Bao
authors: B
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D054458:Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis; D000782:Aneuploidy; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D003596:Cytosine / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D057890:Epigenomics; D018745:Genome, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D011123:Polyploidy; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant; D003596:Cytosine
keywords: DNA methylation; epigenetic diversification and inheritance; restored euploidy; wheat (Triticum aestivum); whole-chromosome aneuploidy