title: Self-reported Adherence to a Low-Sodium Diet and Health Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure.
abstract: Most clinicians rely on patients' self-report of following a low-sodium diet to determine adherence of patients with heart failure (HF). Whether self-reported adherence to a low-sodium diet is associated with cardiac event-free survival is unclear.
  
  
  
  To determine (1) whether self-reported is concordant with adherence to a low-sodium diet measured by food diaries and 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and (2) whether self-reported adherence to a low-sodium diet predicts cardiac event-free survival.
  
  
  
  Adherence to a low-sodium diet was measured using 3 measures in 119 HF patients: (1) self-reported adherence, 1 item from the Self-care of Heart Failure Index scale; (2) a 3-day food diary; (3) 24-hour urinary sodium excretion. Patients were followed up for a median of 297 days to determine cardiac hospitalization or emergency department visit. One-way analysis of variance and Cox regression were used to address our purposes.
  
  
  
  Self-reported adherence was concordant with adherence to a low-sodium diet measured by food diaries and 24-hour urinary sodium excretion. Thirty-one patients who reported they always follow a low-sodium diet had an average sodium intake less than 3 g/d (F = 5.07, P = .002) and 3.3 g of a mean 24-hour urinary sodium excretion (F = 3.393, P = .020). Patients who reported they never or rarely follow a low-sodium diet had 4.7 times greater risk of having cardiac events than did those who always followed a low-sodium diet (P = .017).
  
  
  
  Self-reported adherence to a low-sodium diet predicted cardiac event-free survival demonstrating clinicians can use this as an indicator of adherence.
authors: Eun Kyeung Song, PhD, RN Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Korea. Debra K. Moser, DNSc, RN Professor, College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington. Seok-Min Kang, MD, PhD Professor, Cardiology Division, Severance Hospital, Yonsei Cardiovascular Center and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Seoul, Korea. Terry A. Lennie, PhD, RN Professor, College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington.
authors: Eun Kyeung
authors: EK
authors: Song
authors: Debra K
authors: DK
authors: Moser
authors: Seok-Min
authors: SM
authors: Kang
authors: Terry A
authors: TA
authors: Lennie
mesh_terms: D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D006333:Heart Failure; D006801:Humans; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012648:Self Care; D057566:Self Report