title: Meeting report: discussions and preliminary findings on extracellular RNA measurement methods from laboratories in the NIH Extracellular RNA Communication Consortium.
abstract: Extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) have been identified in all tested biofluids and have been associated with a variety of extracellular vesicles, ribonucleoprotein complexes and lipoprotein complexes. Much of the interest in exRNAs lies in the fact that they may serve as signalling molecules between cells, their potential to serve as biomarkers for prediction and diagnosis of disease and the possibility that exRNAs or the extracellular particles that carry them might be used for therapeutic purposes. Among the most significant bottlenecks to progress in this field is the lack of robust and standardized methods for collection and processing of biofluids, separation of different types of exRNA-containing particles and isolation and analysis of exRNAs. The Sample and Assay Standards Working Group of the Extracellular RNA Communication Consortium is a group of laboratories funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health to develop such methods. In our first joint endeavour, we held a series of conference calls and in-person meetings to survey the methods used among our members, placed them in the context of the current literature and used our findings to identify areas in which the identification of robust methodologies would promote rapid advancements in the exRNA field.
authors: Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.|Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA; llaurent@ucsd.edu.
authors: Louise C
authors: LC
authors: Laurent
authors: Department of Urology, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors: Asim B
authors: AB
authors: Abdel-Mageed
authors: Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
authors: P David
authors: PD
authors: Adelson
authors: Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
authors: Jorge
authors: J
authors: Arango
authors: Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.|Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Leonora
authors: L
authors: Balaj
authors: Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.|Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Xandra
authors: X
authors: Breakefield
authors: Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Carlson
authors: Center for Theoretical and Applied Neuro-Oncology, Division of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors: Bob S
authors: BS
authors: Carter
authors: School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: Blanca
authors: B
authors: Majem
authors: Center for Theoretical and Applied Neuro-Oncology, Division of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors: Clark C
authors: CC
authors: Chen
authors: Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Emanuele
authors: E
authors: Cocucci
authors: Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Kirsty
authors: K
authors: Danielson
authors: Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
authors: Amanda
authors: A
authors: Courtright
authors: Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Saumya
authors: S
authors: Das
authors: Department of Urology, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors: Zakaria Y
authors: ZY
authors: Abd Elmageed
authors: Exosome Diagnostics GmbH, Martinsried, Germany.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Enderle
authors: NXPharmaGen, Miami, FL, USA.
authors: Alan
authors: A
authors: Ezrin
authors: Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Ferrer
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
authors: Jane
authors: J
authors: Freedman
authors: Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.|Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Galas
authors: Department of Neurology, Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Roopali
authors: R
authors: Gandhi
authors: TGen, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
authors: Matthew J
authors: MJ
authors: Huentelman
authors: Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
authors: Kendall
authors: K
authors: Van Keuren-Jensen
authors: Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
authors: Yashar
authors: Y
authors: Kalani
authors: School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Anna M
authors: AM
authors: Krichevsky
authors: Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.|Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Charles
authors: C
authors: Lai
authors: Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors: Madhu
authors: M
authors: Lal-Nag
authors: Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Clara D
authors: CD
authors: Laurent
authors: Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Trevor
authors: T
authors: Leonardo
authors: School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: Li
authors: Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
authors: Ivana
authors: I
authors: Malenica
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors: Debasis
authors: D
authors: Mondal
authors: Department of Neurology, Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Parham
authors: P
authors: Nejad
authors: Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.|Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
authors: Tushar
authors: T
authors: Patel
authors: Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.|Department of Veteran's Affairs, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors: Robert L
authors: RL
authors: Raffai
authors: Center for Cancer Computational Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Renee
authors: R
authors: Rubio
authors: Exosome Diagnostics, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors: Johan
authors: J
authors: Skog
authors: Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Spetzler
authors: School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Sun
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
authors: Kahraman
authors: K
authors: Tanriverdi
authors: Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.|Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors: Kasey
authors: K
authors: Vickers
authors: Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors: Liang
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: Center for Cancer Computational Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Yaoyu
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Zhiyun
authors: Z
authors: Wei
authors: Department of Neurology, Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Howard L
authors: HL
authors: Weiner
authors: School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Wong
authors: Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
authors: Irene K
authors: IK
authors: Yan
authors: Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
authors: Ashish
authors: A
authors: Yeri
authors: Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Gould
keywords: RNA sequencing; exosomes; extracellular RNA; extracellular vesicles; microvesicles