title: The Effect of 1-Ethyl-3-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl) Carbodiimide Suture Coating on Tendon Repair Strength and Cell Viability in a Canine Model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if impregnating a suture with a cross-linking agent, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), improved suture pull-out strength and cell viability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Canine flexor digitorum profundus tendons were cut in canine zone D, and a single suture loop was placed in each end, with sutures soaked in either saline or an EDC solution with a concentration of 1%, 10%, or 50%. Suture pull-out strength, stiffness, and elongation to failure was determined by pulling the loop until failure. Cytotoxicity of the EDC treatment was evaluated by suspending treated sutures over cultured tenocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mechanical properties for the EDC-treated side were improved over controls when treated with the 10% and 50% EDC solutions. The ratio of dead to live cells was significantly increased at all distances from the suture for the 50% EDC-treated group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Suture treated with a 10% EDC solution provided the best combination of mechanical reinforcement and limited toxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sutures so treated may improve the ability of a tendon repair to sustain early mobilization.
authors: Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Biomechanics Laboratory, Rochester, MN.
authors: Andrew R
authors: AR
authors: Thoreson
authors: Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Biomechanics Laboratory, Rochester, MN.
authors: Ryo
authors: R
authors: Hiwatari
authors: Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Biomechanics Laboratory, Rochester, MN.
authors: Kai-Nan
authors: KN
authors: An
authors: Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Biomechanics Laboratory, Rochester, MN.
authors: Peter C
authors: PC
authors: Amadio
authors: Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Biomechanics Laboratory, Rochester, MN. Electronic address: zhao.chunfeng@mayo.edu.
authors: Chunfeng
authors: C
authors: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D004285:Dogs; D005022:Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide; D008422:Materials Testing; D023421:Models, Animal; D011897:Random Allocation; D012016:Reference Values; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013537:Sutures; D013710:Tendons / Q000601:surgery*; D013718:Tensile Strength; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D005022:Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide
keywords: Cross-linking; repair; suture; tendon