title: Transfer factor of (90)Sr and (137)Cs to lettuce and winter wheat at different growth stage applications.
abstract: The effect of clay soil contamination time on the transfer factors (Fvs) of (137)Cs and (90)Sr was investigated in four different growth stages of winter wheat and lettuce crops. The experiment was performed in an open field using lysimeters. The Fvs were the ratio of the activity concentrations of the radionuclides in crops to those in soil, both as dry weight (Bq kg(-1)). Significant difference of log-Fvs was evaluated using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Basically, Fvs of (90)Sr were higher than those of (137)Cs, despite of the application stage or crop' variety. Higher Fvs for both radionuclides were observed for lettuce in comparison to winter wheat. Fvs of (90)Sr showed comparable trends for both crops with enhanced Fvs obtained when contamination occurred in early stages, i.e. 1.20 for lettuce and 0.88 and 0.02 for winter wheat, straw and grains, respectively. Despite the fluctuation noted in the pattern of Fvs for (137)Cs, soil contaminated at the second stage gave the highest Fvs for lettuce and grains, with geometric means of 0.21 and 0.01, respectively. However, wheat-straw showed remarkable increase in Fv for the latest contamination (ripening stage), about 0.06. It could be concluded that soil contamination at early growth stages would represent high radiological risk for the scenarios studied with an exception to (137)Cs in winter wheat-straw which reflected greater hazard at the latest application.
authors: Department of Protection and Safety, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, P.O. Box 6091, Syria. Electronic address: prscientific10@aec.org.sy.
authors: Lina
authors: L
authors: Al Attar
authors: Department of Protection and Safety, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, P.O. Box 6091, Syria.
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Al-Oudat
authors: Department of Protection and Safety, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, P.O. Box 6091, Syria.
authors: Bassam
authors: B
authors: Safia
authors: Department of Protection and Safety, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, P.O. Box 6091, Syria.
authors: Basem Abdul
authors: BA
authors: Ghani
mesh_terms: D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes / Q000378:metabolism*; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018545:Lactuca / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000378:metabolism*; D013326:Strontium Radioisotopes / Q000378:metabolism*; D013593:Syria; D014908:Triticum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes; D012987:Soil; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive; D013326:Strontium Radioisotopes
keywords: Cesium; Growth stage; Lettuce; Strontium; Transfer factor; Wheat