title: Kinematic and Kinetic Analysis of the Single-Leg Triple Hop Test in Women With and Without Patellofemoral Pain.
abstract: METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the biomechanical strategies of the trunk and lower extremity during the transition period between the first and second hop of a single-leg triple hop test in women with and without patellofemoral pain (PFP).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Recent literature has shown that PFP is associated with biomechanical impairments of the lower extremities. A number of studies have analyzed the position of the trunk and lower extremities for functional activities such as walking, squatting, jumping, and the step-down test. However, studies on more challenging activities, such as the single-leg triple hop test, may be more representative of sports requiring jumping movements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women between 18 and 35 years of age (control group, n = 20; PFP group, n = 20) participated in the study. Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data were collected during the transition period between the first and second hops while participants performed the single-leg triple hop test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the control group, women with PFP exhibited greater (P<.05) anterior and ipsilateral trunk lean, contralateral pelvic drop, hip internal rotation and adduction, and ankle eversion, while exhibiting less hip and knee flexion. A significant difference (P<.05) in time to peak joint angle was also found between groups for all the variables analyzed, except anterior pelvic tilt and hip flexion. In addition, women with PFP exhibited greater (P<.05) hip and knee abductor internal moments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to the control group, women with PFP exhibited altered trunk, pelvis, hip, knee, and ankle kinematics and kinetics.
authors: Department of Rehabilitation Science, Human Motion Analysis Laboratory, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Amir Curcio
authors: AC
authors: dos Reis
authors: João Carlos Ferrari
authors: JC
authors: Correa
authors: André Serra
authors: AS
authors: Bley
authors: Nayra Deise dos Anjos
authors: ND
authors: Rabelo
authors: Thiago Yukio
authors: TY
authors: Fukuda
authors: Paulo Roberto Garcia
authors: PR
authors: Lucareli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000842:Ankle / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006615:Hip / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D007717:Knee / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D046788:Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010388:Pelvis / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D059385:Plyometric Exercise; D060726:Torso / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: anterior knee pain; biomechanics; hip; patella