title: Subclinical Ptosis Correction: Incision, Partial Incision, and Nonincision: The Formation of the Double Fold.
abstract: Surgery to create eyelid folds accounts for the highest percentage of surgeries in Asians and Koreans who receive the surgery on the upper eyelid 2 to 3 times during their lifetimes for functional or cosmetic reasons. Patients are generally satisfied with the results-the eyes becoming brighter and bigger via the improvement of pseudoptosis by fold creation. The recent trend is to seek the "perfect" eye: a vertically and horizontally big palpebral fissure with more than 90% cornea showing. Surgery of the levator aponeurosis-Müller muscle complex is required to expose the cornea, except in those patients who inherently have good levator-Müller function. However, many complications occur during surgeries of the levator aponeurosis-Müller muscle complex, which increase the reoperation rate. Here, the authors briefly summarize recent experiences correcting subclinical ptosis using the nonincision, incision, and partial incision methods.
authors: Apgujeong YK Plastic Surgery Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Yong Kyu
authors: YK
authors: Kim
authors: Division of Plastic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors: Abdulla
authors: A
authors: Fakhro
authors: Division of Plastic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors: Anh H
authors: AH
authors: Nguyen
keywords: double eyelids; levator aponeurosis–Müller muscle complex; subclinical ptosis