title: Analysis of distribution and severity of inflammation in patients with osteoarthitis compared to rheumatoid arthritis by ICG-enhanced fluorescence optical imaging and musculoskeletal ultrasound: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), hand synovitis appears especially in wrist, metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints. In hand osteoarthritis (OA), potential inflammatory changes are mainly present in PIP and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints. Joint inflammation can be visualised by fluorescence optical imaging (FOI) and musculoskeletal ultrasound (US).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Comparison of the amount and distribution of inflammatory signs in wrist and finger joints of the clinically dominant hand in patients with OA and RA by FOI and gray-scale (GSUS) and power Doppler US (PDUS).
  
  
  METHODS
  FOI and GSUS/PDUS were performed in 1.170 joints (wrists, MCP, PIP, DIP) in 90 patients (67 RA, 23 OA). Joint inflammation was graded by a semiquantitative score (0-3) for each imaging method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GSUS/PDUS showed wrist and MCP joints mostly affected in RA. DIP joints were graded higher in OA. In FOI, RA and OA featured inflammatory changes in the respective joint groups depending on the phase of fluorescence dye flooding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  US and FOI detected inflammation in both RA and OA highlighting the inflammatory component in the course of OA. The different inflammatory patterns and various shapes of fluorescence enhancement in FOI may offer opportunities to distinguish and determine the inflammatory status in both diseases.
authors: Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors: A-M
authors: AM
authors: Glimm
authors: Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors: S G
authors: SG
authors: Werner
authors: Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors: G R
authors: GR
authors: Burmester
authors: Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Backhaus
authors: Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ohrndorf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005384:Finger Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D050823:Hand Joints / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008662:Metacarpophalangeal Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D061848:Optical Imaging; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013585:Synovitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014955:Wrist Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
keywords: Osteoarthritis; Rheumatoid Arthritis; Synovitis; Ultrasonography