title: Extraction of Peptidoglycan from L. paracasei subp. Paracasei X12 and Its Preliminary Mechanisms of Inducing Immunogenic Cell Death in HT-29 Cells.
abstract: L. paracasei subp. paracasei X12 was previously isolated from a Chinese traditional fermented cheese with anticancer activities and probiotic potential. Herein, the integral peptidoglycan (X12-PG) was extracted by a modified trichloroacetic acid (TCA) method. X12-PG contained the four representative amino acids Asp, Glu, Ala and Lys, and displayed the similar lysozyme sensitivity, UV-visible scanning spectrum and molecular weight as the peptidoglycan standard. X12-PG could induce the production of apoptotic bodies observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). X12-PG could significantly induced the translocation of calreticulin (CRT) and the release of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), the two notable hallmarks of immunogenic cell death (ICD), with the endoplastic reticulum (ER) damaged and subsequently intracellular [Ca(2+)] elevated. Our findings implied that X12-PG could induce the ICD of HT-29 cells through targeting at the ER. The present results may enlighten the prospect of probiotics in the prevention of colon cancer.
authors: School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150000, China. tianpei0202@gmail.com.
authors: Pei-Jun
authors: PJ
authors: Tian
authors: Center of Safety and Evaluation of Drugs, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150000, China. lbl73@163.com.
authors: Bao-Long
authors: BL
authors: Li
authors: School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150000, China. shanyujuan@hit.edu.cn.
authors: Yu-Juan
authors: YJ
authors: Shan
authors: School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150000, China. zzjjnn-4@163.com.
authors: Jin-Na
authors: JN
authors: Zhang
authors: School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150000, China. hgdchenjingyu@gmail.com.
authors: Jing-Yu
authors: JY
authors: Chen
authors: Center of Safety and Evaluation of Drugs, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150000, China. hzyyumin@gmail.com.
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Yu
authors: School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150000, China. lanweizhang@yahoo.com.cn.
authors: Lan-Wei
authors: LW
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D037282:Calreticulin / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000737:chemistry*; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C576483:CALR protein, human; D037282:Calreticulin; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; C585491:HMGB1 protein, human; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D002118:Calcium
keywords: calcium; calreticulin; immunogenic cell death; peptidoglycan