title: Neural reward processing in individuals remitted from major depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dysfunctional behavioural and neural processing of reward has been found in currently depressed individuals. However, little is known about altered reward processing in remitted depressed individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 23 medication-free individuals with remitted major depressive disorder (rMDD) and 23 matched healthy controls (HCs) performed a reward task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We also investigated reward dependence, novelty seeking and harm avoidance using the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire and their association with neural responses of reward processing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to HCs, individuals with rMDD exhibited enhanced responses to reward-predicting cues in the hippocampus, amygdala and superior frontal gyrus. When reward was delivered, rMDD subjects did not significantly differ from HCs. In both groups neural activity during reward anticipation was negatively correlated with harm avoidance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that rMDD is characterized by hyperactivation in fronto-limbic regions during reward anticipation. Alterations in neural activation during reward processing might reflect an increased effort in remitted depressed individuals to allocate neural activity for executive and evaluative processes during anticipatory reward processing.
authors: Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience,Central Institute of Mental Health,Medical Faculty Mannheim,Heidelberg University,Mannheim,Germany.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Ubl
authors: Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Central Institute of Mental Health,Medical Faculty Mannheim,Heidelberg University,Mannheim,Germany.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Kuehner
authors: Department of Clinical Psychology,Central Institute of Mental Health,Medical Faculty Mannheim,Heidelberg University,Mannheim,Germany.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Kirsch
authors: Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim,Heidelberg University,Mannheim,Germany.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ruttorf
authors: Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience,Central Institute of Mental Health,Medical Faculty Mannheim,Heidelberg University,Mannheim,Germany.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Flor
authors: School of Applied Psychology,SRH University of Applied Science,Heidelberg,Germany.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Diener
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D011930:Reaction Time; D012201:Reward; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Functional magnetic resonance imaging; remitted depression; reward; temperament