title: A Direct Aqueous Derivatization GSMS Method for Determining Benzoylecgonine Concentrations in Human Urine.
abstract: A sensitive and reliable method for extraction and quantification of benzoylecgonine (BZE) and cocaine (COC) in urine is presented. Propyl-chloroformate was used as derivatizing agent, and it was directly added to the urine sample: the propyl derivative and COC were then recovered by liquid-liquid extraction procedure. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect the analytes in selected ion monitoring mode. The method proved to be precise for BZE and COC both in term of intraday and interday analysis, with a coefficient of variation (CV)<6%. Limits of detection (LOD) were 2.7 ng/mL for BZE and 1.4 ng/mL for COC. The calibration curve showed a linear relationship for BZE and COC (r2>0.999 and >0.997, respectively) within the range investigated. The method, applied to thirty authentic samples, showed to be very simple, fast, and reliable, so it can be easily applied in routine analysis for the quantification of BZE and COC in urine samples.
authors: Section of Forensic Medicine, Department of "Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica", University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Via Roma 55, Pisa, 56126, Italy.
authors: Silvio
authors: S
authors: Chericoni
authors: Section of Forensic Medicine, Department of "Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica", University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Via Roma 55, Pisa, 56126, Italy.
authors: Fabio
authors: F
authors: Stefanelli
authors: Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa, 56126, Italy.
authors: Ylenia
authors: Y
authors: Da Valle
authors: Section of Forensic Medicine, Department of "Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica", University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Via Roma 55, Pisa, 56126, Italy.
authors: Mario
authors: M
authors: Giusiani
mesh_terms: D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine*; D053593:Forensic Toxicology; D005561:Formates / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D009294:Narcotics / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D005561:Formates; D009294:Narcotics; C005618:benzoylecgonine; C538931:propyl chloroformate; D003042:Cocaine
keywords: aqueous derivatization; benzoylecgonine; cocaine; forensic science; human urine; method validation; propyl-chloroformate