title: Summary of European Association of Urology (EAU) Guidelines on Neuro-Urology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most patients with neuro-urological disorders require life-long medical care. The European Association of Urology (EAU) regularly updates guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of these patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To provide a summary of the 2015 updated EAU Guidelines on Neuro-Urology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Structured literature searches in several databases were carried out to update the 2014 guidelines. Levels of evidence and grades of recommendation were assigned where possible.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neurological disorders often cause urinary tract, sexual, and bowel dysfunction. Most neuro-urological patients need life-long care for optimal life expectancy and quality of life. Timely diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent upper and lower urinary tract deterioration. Clinical assessment should be comprehensive and usually includes a urodynamic investigation. The neuro-urological management must be tailored to the needs of the individual patient and may require a multidisciplinary approach. Sexuality and fertility issues should not be ignored. Numerous conservative and noninvasive possibilities of management are available and should be considered before a surgical approach is chosen. Neuro-urological patients require life-long follow-up and particular attention has to be paid to this aspect of management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current EAU Guidelines on Neuro-Urology provide an up-to-date overview of the available evidence for adequate diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of neuro-urological patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with a neurological disorder often suffer from urinary tract, sexual, and bowel dysfunction and life-long care is usually necessary. The update of the EAU Guidelines on Neuro-Urology, summarized in this paper, enables caregivers to provide optimal support to neuro-urological patients. Conservative, noninvasive, or minimally invasive approaches are often possible.
authors: Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: j.groen.1@erasmusmc.nl.
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Groen
authors: Department of Neuro-Urology, Swiss Paraplegic Center, Nottwil, Switzerland.
authors: Jürgen
authors: J
authors: Pannek
authors: Department of Urology, University Hospital of the Canary Islands, Tenerife, Spain.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Castro Diaz
authors: Department of Neuro-Urology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
authors: Giulio
authors: G
authors: Del Popolo
authors: Department of Urology, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.
authors: Tobias
authors: T
authors: Gross
authors: Department of Neuro-Urology, London Spinal Injuries Centre, Stanmore, UK.
authors: Rizwan
authors: R
authors: Hamid
authors: Department of Urology, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.
authors: Gilles
authors: G
authors: Karsenty
authors: Department of Neuro-Urology, Spinal Cord Injury Center, University of Zürich, Balgrist University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors: Thomas M
authors: TM
authors: Kessler
authors: Department of Neuro-Urology, Spinal Cord Injury Center, University of Zürich, Balgrist University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Schneider
authors: Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Lisette
authors: L
authors: 't Hoen
authors: Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Bertil
authors: B
authors: Blok
mesh_terms: D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000209:etiology; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D014572:Urology / Q000592:standards*
keywords: Bowel dysfunction; Life-long care; Neuro-urological patients; Neurological disorders; Sexual dysfunction; Upper and lower urinary tract deterioration