title: Genetic Networks Required to Coordinate Chromosome Replication by DNA Polymerases α, δ, and ε in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: Three major DNA polymerases replicate the linear eukaryotic chromosomes. DNA polymerase α-primase (Pol α) and DNA polymerase δ (Pol δ) replicate the lagging-strand and Pol α and DNA polymerase ε (Pol ε) the leading-strand. To identify factors affecting coordination of DNA replication, we have performed genome-wide quantitative fitness analyses of budding yeast cells containing defective polymerases. We combined temperature-sensitive mutations affecting the three replicative polymerases, Pol α, Pol δ, and Pol ε with genome-wide collections of null and reduced function mutations. We identify large numbers of genetic interactions that inform about the roles that specific genes play to help Pol α, Pol δ, and Pol ε function. Surprisingly, the overlap between the genetic networks affecting the three DNA polymerases does not represent the majority of the genetic interactions identified. Instead our data support a model for division of labor between the different DNA polymerases during DNA replication. For example, our genetic interaction data are consistent with biochemical data showing that Pol ε is more important to the Pre-Loading complex than either Pol α or Pol δ. We also observed distinct patterns of genetic interactions between leading- and lagging-strand DNA polymerases, with particular genes being important for coupling proliferating cell nuclear antigen loading/unloading (Ctf18, Elg1) with nucleosome assembly (chromatin assembly factor 1, histone regulatory HIR complex). Overall our data reveal specialized genetic networks that affect different aspects of leading- and lagging-strand DNA replication. To help others to engage with these data we have generated two novel, interactive visualization tools, DIXY and Profilyzer.
authors: Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
authors: Marion
authors: M
authors: Dubarry
authors: Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
authors: Conor
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4186-8506
authors: C
authors: Lawless
authors: High Throughput Screening Facility, Newcastle Biomedicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
authors: A Peter
authors: AP
authors: Banks
authors: Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
authors: Simon
authors: S
authors: Cockell
authors: Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom david.lydall@ncl.ac.uk.
authors: David
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2478-085X
authors: D
authors: Lydall
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics*; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods; D004256:DNA Polymerase I / Q000378:metabolism*; D004257:DNA Polymerase II / Q000378:metabolism*; D004258:DNA Polymerase III / Q000378:metabolism*; D004261:DNA Replication; D004843:Epistasis, Genetic; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D056084:Genetic Fitness; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation; D011485:Protein Binding; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; D004256:DNA Polymerase I; D004257:DNA Polymerase II; D004258:DNA Polymerase III
keywords: DIXY; DNA polymerase; DNA replication; Profilyzer; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; quantitative fitness analyses (QFA)