title: Persistent HIV Type 1 Seronegative Status Is Associated With Lower CD8+ T-Cell Activation.
abstract: We leveraged data from the Preexposure Prophylaxis Initiative (iPrEx), a global trial of preexposure chemoprophylaxis against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, to compare T-cell activation between those who remained negative for HIV-1 and those who became infected during the trial. The frequency of CD38(+)HLA-DR(+) CD8(+) T cells was greater in those who seroconverted, relative to the frequency in those who remained uninfected (1.30% vs 0.82%, respectively; P = .005). This translated to an odds ratio of 4.26 (95% confidence interval, 1.54-11.78) for the association between CD8(+) T-cell activation and infection with HIV-1. T-cell activation may be a biomarker for elevated HIV-1 infection risk.
authors: Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California-San Francisco.
authors: Peter J
authors: PJ
authors: Kuebler
authors: Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California.
authors: Megha L
authors: ML
authors: Mehrotra
authors: Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California-San Francisco.
authors: Brian I
authors: BI
authors: Shaw
authors: Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California-San Francisco.
authors: Kaitlyn S
authors: KS
authors: Leadabrand
authors: Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California-San Francisco.
authors: Jeffrey M
authors: JM
authors: Milush
authors: Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California-San Francisco.
authors: Vanessa A
authors: VA
authors: York
authors: Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California.
authors: Patricia
authors: P
authors: Defechereux
authors: Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California.
authors: Robert M
authors: RM
authors: Grant
authors: Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Esper G
authors: EG
authors: Kallás
authors: Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington D.C.
authors: Douglas F
authors: DF
authors: Nixon
mesh_terms: D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 / Q000032:analysis; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C498154:CD38 protein, human; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1
keywords: HESN; HIV-1; T-cell activation; infection risk