title: Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration for the Treatment of Gastric Varices: Polidocanol Foam Versus Liquid Ethanolamine Oleate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical results of the management of gastric varices by balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration with polidocanol foam versus ethanolamine oleate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients treated with ethanolamine oleate and 21 patients treated with polidocanol foam were enrolled in this study. Early therapeutic effects were assessed mainly by dynamic contrast-enhanced CT. Subjective symptoms, objective findings associated with the procedures, and changes in laboratory data during the obliteration process were evaluated. Rebleeding from gastric varices was assessed after the procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete obliteration was confirmed in all but one case of early recanalization after treatment with polidocanol foam. One patient died of acute respiratory distress syndrome after treatment with ethanolamine oleate. The total sclerosant volume was significantly lower for 3% polidocanol foam (13.5 ± 6.8 mL) than for 5% ethanolamine oleate (30.6 ± 15.6 mL) (p < 0.01). Polidocanol foam caused fewer severe reactions, including pain, during and after injection. High body temperature, hemoglobinuria, and reactive pleural effusion were not observed with polidocanol foam. The variance in laboratory data values associated with hemolysis was significantly greater with ethanolamine oleate. No postprocedural rebleeding from the gastric varices was observed during a median follow-up time of 39.5 months after procedures with ethanolamine oleate and 34 months after procedures with polidocanol foam.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polidocanol foam can achieve obliteration of gastric varices comparable to that of ethanolamine oleate but with a significantly lower sclerosant dose and reduced risk of hemolysis-induced complications and harmful reactions, including pain and fever.
authors: 1 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
authors: Chihiro
authors: C
authors: Itou
authors: 1 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Koizumi
authors: 2 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kouseikai Hospital, Aichi, Japan.
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Hashimoto
authors: 3 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokai University Oiso Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors: Kazunori
authors: K
authors: Myojin
authors: 4 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors: Tatehiro
authors: T
authors: Kagawa
authors: 4 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors: Tetsuya
authors: T
authors: Mine
authors: 1 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
authors: Yutaka
authors: Y
authors: Imai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D021721:Balloon Occlusion / Q000379:methods*; D003287:Contrast Media; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077423:Polidocanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D009829:Oleic Acids; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; D000077423:Polidocanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C033343:ethanolamine oleate
keywords: balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration; ethanolamine oleate; gastric varices; hemolysis; polidocanol foam