title: Zearalenone and Its Derivatives α-Zearalenol and β-Zearalenol Decontamination by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains Isolated from Bovine Forage.
abstract: Zearalenone (ZEA) and its derivatives are mycotoxins with estrogenic effects on mammals. The biotransformation for ZEA in animals involves the formation of two major metabolites, α- and β-zearalenol (α-ZOL and β-ZOL), which are subsequently conjugated with glucuronic acid. The capability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from silage to eliminate ZEA and its derivatives α-ZOL and β-ZOL was investigated as, also, the mechanisms involved. Strains were grown on Yeast Extract-Peptone-Dextrose medium supplemented with the mycotoxins and their elimination from medium was quantified over time by HPLC-FL. A significant effect on the concentration of ZEA was observed, as all the tested strains were able to eliminate more than 90% of the mycotoxin from the culture medium in two days. The observed elimination was mainly due to ZEA biotransformation into β-ZOL (53%) and α-ZOL (8%) rather than to its adsorption to yeast cells walls. Further, the biotransformation of α-ZOL was not observed but a small amount of β-ZOL (6%) disappeared from culture medium. ZEA biotransformation by yeasts may not be regarded as a full detoxification process because both main end-products are still estrogenic. Nonetheless, it was observed that the biotransformation favors the formation of β-ZOL which is less estrogenic than ZEA and α-ZOL. This metabolic effect is only possible if active strains are used as feed additives and may play a role in the detoxification performance of products with viable S. cerevisiae cells.
authors: Departamento de Zootecnia e Desenvolvimento Agrossocioambiental Sustentável, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Rua Vital Brazil n.64, Niterói 24230-340, RJ, Brazil. kellers@bol.com.br.
authors: Luiz
authors: L
authors: Keller
authors: CEB (Centre of Biological Engineering), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal. luisjap@deb.uminho.pt.
authors: Luís
authors: L
authors: Abrunhosa
authors: Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil. kelly.medvet@gmail.com.
authors: Kelly
authors: K
authors: Keller
authors: Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunología Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Veterinária, Rodovia BR 465 Km 7, Seropédica 23890-000, RJ, Brazil. shalako1953@gmail.com.
authors: Carlos Alberto
authors: CA
authors: Rosa
authors: Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km. 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina. lcavaglieri@exa.unrc.edu.ar.
authors: Lilia
authors: L
authors: Cavaglieri
authors: CEB (Centre of Biological Engineering), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal. avenan@deb.uminho.pt.
authors: Armando
authors: A
authors: Venâncio
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000382:microbiology*; D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D002417:Cattle; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015025:Zearalenone
keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; ZEA; adsorption; detoxification; α-ZOL; β-ZOL