title: The rise of Ramularia from the Mycosphaerella labyrinth.
abstract: In this study we aimed to resolve the Ramularia endophylla species-complex by applying a polyphasic approach involving morphology and multi-gene phylogeny. Eleven partial genes were targeted for amplification and sequencing for a total of 81 isolates representing R. endophylla s. lat. and 32 isolates representing 11 Ramularia species that were previously linked to a Mycosphaerella sexual morph in literature. A Bayesian phylogenetic analysis, as well as a parsimony analysis, was performed on a combined five-locus dataset and the resulting trees showed significant support for three species within the complex, including the previously described R. endophylla and R. vizellae, and one novel species, Ramularia unterseheri. A parsimony analysis was also separately performed with mating-type gene sequences (MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1) and the resulting tree topologies were in accordance with that of the multigene analysis. A bibliographic review of the proposed links between Ramularia spp. and their purported Mycosphaerella sexual morphs is also presented, confirming six connections in Ramularia. In spite of more than 10 000 species having been described in Mycosphaerella, the majority is shown to belong to other genera, suggesting that the taxa identified as Mycosphaerella in much of the plant pathology literature needs to be revisited.
authors: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Sandra Isabel Rodrigues
authors: SI
authors: Videira
authors: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Johannes Zacharias
authors: JZ
authors: Groenewald
authors: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Gerard J M
authors: GJ
authors: Verkley
authors: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Biologie, Geobotanik, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099, Halle (Saale), Germany.
authors: Uwe
authors: U
authors: Braun
authors: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl.
authors: Pedro Willem
authors: PW
authors: Crous
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D049770:Genes, Mating Type, Fungal; D058507:Host Specificity; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D010944:Plants / Q000145:classification / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins
keywords: Cercosporoid; Cryptic species; Multigene; Nomenclature; Phylogeny