title: miR-155, identified as anti-metastatic by global miRNA profiling of a metastasis model, inhibits cancer cell extravasation and colonization in vivo and causes significant signaling alterations.
abstract: To gain insight into miRNA regulation in metastasis formation, we used a metastasis cell line model that allows investigation of extravasation and colonization of circulating cancer cells to lungs in mice. Using global miRNA profiling, 28 miRNAs were found to exhibit significantly altered expression between isogenic metastasizing and non-metastasizing cancer cells, with miR-155 being the most differentially expressed. Highly metastatic mesenchymal-like CL16 cancer cells showed very low miR-155 expression, and miR-155 overexpression in these cells lead to significantly decreased tumor burden in lungs when injected intravenously in immunodeficient mice. Our experiments addressing the underlying mechanism of the altered tumor burden revealed that miR-155-overexpressing CL16 cells were less invasive than CL16 control cells in vitro, while miR-155 overexpression had no effect on cancer cell proliferation or apoptosis in established lung tumors. To identify proteins regulated by miR-155 and thus delineate its function in our cell model, we compared the proteome of xenograft tumors derived from miR-155-overexpressing CL16 cells and CL16 control cells using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. >4,000 proteins were identified, of which 92 were consistently differentially expressed. Network analysis revealed that the altered proteins were associated with cellular functions such as movement, growth and survival as well as cell-to-cell signaling and interaction. Downregulation of the three metastasis-associated proteins ALDH1A1, PIR and PDCD4 in miR-155-overexpressing tumors was validated by immunohistochemistry. Our results demonstrate that miR-155 inhibits the ability of cancer cells to extravasate and/or colonize at distant organs and brings additional insight into the complexity of miR-155 regulation in metastatic seeding.
authors: Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
authors: Karina G
authors: KG
authors: Thomsen
authors: Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
authors: Mikkel G
authors: MG
authors: Terp
authors: Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
authors: Rikke R
authors: RR
authors: Lund
authors: Department of Biomarker Discovery, Exiqon A/S, Vedbaek, Denmark.
authors: Rolf
authors: R
authors: Søkilde
authors: Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Elias
authors: Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Bak
authors: Department of Biomarker Discovery, Exiqon A/S, Vedbaek, Denmark.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Litman
authors: Centre for Clinical Proteomics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
authors: Hans C
authors: HC
authors: Beck
authors: Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
authors: Maria B
authors: MB
authors: Lyng
authors: Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.|Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
authors: Henrik J
authors: HJ
authors: Ditzel
mesh_terms: D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; D000818:Animals; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D049308:Dioxygenases; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010641:Phenotype; D060066:Protein Interaction Maps; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C524942:MIRN155 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C114487:PDCD4 protein, human; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D049308:Dioxygenases; C105340:PIR protein, human; D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; C510223:ALDH1A1 protein, human; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase
keywords: LNA miRNA microarray; cancer; colonization; in vivo metastasis cell line model; miR-155