title: Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in a Brazilian Atlantic Forest Toposequence.
abstract: The diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was studied in the Atlantic Forest in Serra do Mar Park (SE Brazil), based on seven host plants in relationship to their soil environment, altitude and seasonality. The studied plots along an elevation gradient are located at 80, 600, and 1,000 m. Soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected in four seasons from SE Brazilian winter 2012 to autumn 2013. AMF spores in rhizosperic soils were morphologically classified and chemical, physical and microbiological soil caracteristics were determined. AMF diversity in roots was evaluated using the NS31/AM1 primer pair, with subsequent cloning and sequencing. In the rhizosphere, 58 AMF species were identified. The genera Acaulospora and Glomus were predominant. However, in the roots, only 14 AMF sequencing groups were found and all had high similarity to Glomeraceae. AMF species identities varied between altitudes and seasons. There were species that contributed the most to this variation. Some soil characteristics (pH, organic matter, microbial activity and microbial biomass carbon) showed a strong relationship with the occurrence of certain species. The highest AMF species diversity, based on Shannon's diversity index, was found for the highest altitude. Seasonality did not affect the diversity. Our results show a high AMF diversity, higher than commonly found in the Atlantic Forest. The AMF detected in roots were not identical to those detected in rhizosperic soil and differences in AMF communities were found in different altitudes even in geographically close-lying sites.
authors: Soil Science Department, Soil Microbiology Lab, University of São Paulo, ESALQ, Pádua Dias Ave, no. 11, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. joice.agro@yahoo.com.br.
authors: Joice Andrade
authors: JA
authors: Bonfim
authors: EMBRAPA (Brazilian Company for Research in Agriculture, Husbandry and Environment), 340, Highway, km 127.5, CEP 13820-000, Jaguariuna, SP, Brazil. rafaellfvasc@gmail.com.
authors: Rafael Leandro Figueiredo
authors: RL
authors: Vasconcellos
authors: Soil Science Department, Soil Microbiology Lab, University of São Paulo, ESALQ, Pádua Dias Ave, no. 11, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors: Thiago
authors: T
authors: Gumiere
authors: Soil Science Department, Soil Microbiology Lab, University of São Paulo, ESALQ, Pádua Dias Ave, no. 11, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors: Denise
authors: D
authors: de Lourdes Colombo Mescolotti
authors: Agroscope, Federal Research Institute for Sustainability Sciences, Plant-Soil-Interactions, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046, Zürich, Switzerland. fritz.oehl@agroscope.admin.ch.|Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida da Engenharia s/n, CEP 50740-600, Recife, Brazil. fritz.oehl@agroscope.admin.ch.
authors: Fritz
authors: F
authors: Oehl
authors: Soil Science Department, Soil Microbiology Lab, University of São Paulo, ESALQ, Pádua Dias Ave, no. 11, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. ejbncard@usp.br.
authors: Elke Jurandy Bran
authors: EJ
authors: Nogueira Cardoso
mesh_terms: D000531:Altitude; D044822:Biodiversity; D001938:Brazil; D065928:Forests; D005658:Fungi / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010802:Phylogeny; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology; D058441:Rhizosphere; D012621:Seasons; D012988:Soil Microbiology
keywords: AMF spores; Forest soils; Glomeromycetes; Seasonality; Species diversity