title: Parity as a factor affecting the white-coat effect in pregnant women: the BOSHI study.
abstract: Parity has previously been reported to affect the difference in blood pressure (BP) measured in the office and at home, also known as the white-coat effect, during pregnancy. The objective of this study was to identify possible factors that cause the white-coat effect during pregnancy, focusing on parity. In total, 530 pregnant women (31.3±4.7 years old) who delivered at a maternal clinic were eligible for the study. The association between parity and the white-coat effect (clinic BP compared with home BP) was investigated for each trimester of pregnancy by multivariate analysis of covariance adjusted for age, body mass index, family history of hypertension and smoking habits. The magnitudes of the white-coat effect for systolic BP in the first, second and third trimesters were 4.1±9.8, 3.4±7.1 and 1.8±6.0 mm Hg, respectively and those for diastolic BP were 3.8±7.4, 1.6±5.8 and 2.4±4.9 mm Hg, respectively. Parity was significantly and negatively associated with the white-coat effect for systolic BP in the first trimester of pregnancy (nulliparous women: 5.07±0.61 mm Hg and multiparous women: 2.78±0.74 mm Hg, P=0.02) as well as for diastolic BP in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Age, body mass index, family history of hypertension and smoking were not significantly associated with the white-coat effect in any trimester of pregnancy. Parity may have an influence on the white-coat effect in pregnancy; however, the observed effect, on average 1-2 mm Hg, was small.
authors: Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.|Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan.
authors: Mami
authors: M
authors: Ishikuro
authors: Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.|Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan.
authors: Taku
authors: T
authors: Obara
authors: Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors: Hirohito
authors: H
authors: Metoki
authors: Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.|Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan.
authors: Takayoshi
authors: T
authors: Ohkubo
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors: Noriyuki
authors: N
authors: Iwama
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors: Mikiko
authors: M
authors: Katagiri
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors: Hidekazu
authors: H
authors: Nishigori
authors: Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.|Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan.
authors: Yoko
authors: Y
authors: Narikawa
authors: Suzuki Memorial Hospital, Iwanuma, Japan.
authors: Katsuyo
authors: K
authors: Yagihashi
authors: Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.|Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan.
authors: Masahiro
authors: M
authors: Kikuya
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors: Nobuo
authors: N
authors: Yaegashi
authors: Suzuki Memorial Hospital, Iwanuma, Japan.
authors: Kazuhiko
authors: K
authors: Hoshi
authors: Suzuki Memorial Hospital, Iwanuma, Japan.
authors: Masakuni
authors: M
authors: Suzuki
authors: Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.|Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan.|Department of Disaster Public Health, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Sendai, Japan.
authors: Shinichi
authors: S
authors: Kuriyama
authors: Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan.
authors: Yutaka
authors: Y
authors: Imai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D046110:Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D059466:White Coat Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*