title: A Reaction-Based Fluorescent Probe for Imaging of Formaldehyde in Living Cells.
abstract: Formaldehyde (FA), in the 0.2-0.4 mM range, is produced and maintained endogenously via enzymatic pathways. At these levels, FA can promote cell proliferation as well as mediate memory formation. Once elevated, FA stress is known to induce cognitive impairments, memory loss, and neurodegeneration owing to its potent DNA and protein cross-linking mechanisms. Optical imaging is a powerful noninvasive approach used to study FA in living systems; however, biocompatible chemical probes for FA are currently lacking. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of Formaldehyde Probe 1 (FP1), a new fluorescent indicator based on the 2-aza-Cope sigmatropic rearrangement. The remarkable sensitivity, selectivity, and photostability of FP1 has enabled us to visualize FA in live HEK293TN and Neuroscreen-1 cells. We envision that FP1 will find widespread applications in the study of FA associated with normal and pathological processes.
authors: Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois , 600 South Mathews, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.
authors: Aaron
authors: A
authors: Roth
authors: Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois , 600 South Mathews, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.
authors: Hao
authors: H
authors: Li
authors: Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois , 600 South Mathews, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.
authors: Chelsea
authors: C
authors: Anorma
authors: Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois , 600 South Mathews, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.
authors: Jefferson
authors: J
authors: Chan
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000032:analysis / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000032:analysis*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005557:Formaldehyde