title: Behavioral and Antennal Responses of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) to Volatiles From Fruit Extracts.
abstract: Native to Southeast Asia, the spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), has become a serious pest of soft-skinned fruit crops since its introduction into North America and Europe in 2008. Current monitoring strategies use baits based on fermentation products; however, to date, no fruit-based volatile blends attractive to this fly have been identified. This is particularly important because females are able to cut into the epicarp of ripening fruit for oviposition. Thus, we conducted studies to: 1) investigate the behavioral responses of adult D. suzukii to volatiles from blueberry, cherry, raspberry, and strawberry fruit extracts; 2) identify the antennally active compounds from the most attractive among the tested extracts (raspberry) using gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry and coupled gas chromatography -electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD); and 3) test a synthetic blend containing the EAD-active compounds identified from raspberry extract on adult attraction. In olfactometer studies, both female and male D. suzukii were attracted to all four fruit extracts. The attractiveness of the fruit extracts ranks as: raspberry ≥ strawberry > blueberry ≥ cherry. GC analyses showed that the fruit extracts emit distinct volatile compounds. In GC-EAD experiments, 11 raspberry extract volatiles consistently elicited antennal responses in D. suzukii. In choice test bioassays, a synthetic EAD-active blend attracted more D. suzukii than a blank control, but was not as attractive as the raspberry extract. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a behaviorally and antennally active blend of host fruit volatiles attractive to D. suzukii, offering promising opportunities for the development of improved monitoring and behaviourally based management tools.
authors: Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy. Present Address: Department of Entomology and Wildlife, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast-Ghana. jonnieabraham@daad-alumni.de.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Abraham
authors: USDA, ARS, Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Ave., BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705.
authors: Aijun
authors: A
authors: Zhang
authors: Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
authors: Sergio
authors: S
authors: Angeli
authors: USDA, ARS, Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Ave., BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705.
authors: Sitra
authors: S
authors: Abubeker
authors: Department of Entomology, Rutgers University P.E. Marucci Center, 125A Lake Oswego Rd., Chatsworth, NJ 08019.
authors: Caryn
authors: C
authors: Michel
authors: USDA, ARS, Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Ave., BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Feng
authors: Department of Entomology, Rutgers University P.E. Marucci Center, 125A Lake Oswego Rd., Chatsworth, NJ 08019.
authors: Cesar
authors: C
authors: Rodriguez-Saona
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057506:Arthropod Antennae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002633:Chemotaxis; D004330:Drosophila / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D027824:Rosaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D029796:Vaccinium / Q000737:chemistry*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds
keywords: GC-EAD; Olfactometer; attractant; fruit; volatile organic compound