title: The rural-urban effect on spatial genetic structure of type II Toxoplasma gondii strains involved in human congenital toxoplasmosis, France, 2002-2009.
abstract: Congenital toxoplasmosis involves Toxoplasma gondii type II strains in 95% of cases in France. We used spatial principal component analysis (sPCA) and 15 microsatellite markers to investigate the spatial genetic structure of type II strains involved in 240 cases of congenital toxoplasmosis in France from 2002 through 2009. Mailing addresses of patients were geo-referenced a posteriori in decimal degrees and categorized into urban or rural areas of residence. No spatial genetic structure was found for type II strains that infected mothers who were living in urban areas, but a global spatial genetic structure was found for those that infected mothers who were living in a rural environment. Our results suggest that sources of infection by T. gondii are different in rural and urban areas in France, and advocate for targeted messages in the prevention of toxoplasmosis according to the type of residence of susceptible people.
authors: INSERM, UMR_S 1094, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France; Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges, France. Electronic address: ajz@unilim.fr.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Ajzenberg
authors: INSERM, UMR_S 1094, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France.
authors: Frédéric
authors: F
authors: Collinet
authors: EA3800, SFR Cap-Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France; Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôpital Maison Blanche, Reims, France.
authors: Dominique
authors: D
authors: Aubert
authors: EA3800, SFR Cap-Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France; Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôpital Maison Blanche, Reims, France.
authors: Isabelle
authors: I
authors: Villena
authors: INSERM, UMR_S 1094, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France; Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges, France.
authors: Marie-Laure
authors: ML
authors: Dardé
authors: Members of the French ToxoBs network group who contributed data are listed in the appendix.
authors: CNRS, UMR5558, Université de Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
authors: Sébastien
authors: S
authors: Devillard
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D017125:Genes, Protozoan; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D005843:Geography; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D012424:Rural Population; D062206:Spatial Analysis; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D014125:Toxoplasmosis, Congenital / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000266:history / Q000469:parasitology*; D014505:Urban Population
keywords: Congenital toxoplasmosis; Microsatellite markers; Rural; Spatial genetic structure; Spatial principal component analysis; Urban