title: Soluble costimulatory molecule sTim3 regulates the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 in patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion.
abstract: This study is to investigate the mechanism of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA). A total of 35 cases of URSA patients (URSA group), 20 cases with normal pregnancy (normal pregnancy group) and 20 healthy non-pregnancy candidates (healthy control group) were enrolled in this study. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used for detection of serum soluble Tim-3 (sTim3) and Galectin-9. Cytokine bead array (CBA) determination method was used to detect IFN-γ and IL-4 expression levels. Compared with the healthy control group, sTim-3 levels in normal pregnancy group and URSA group increased, and URSA group had significantly higher sTim-3 levels than normal pregnancy group (P < 0.05). Compared with the healthy control group, Galectin-9 levels in normal pregnancy group and URSA group also increased. However, the normal pregnancy group had significantly higher Galectin-9 level than URSA group (P < 0.05). IFN-γ levels in normal pregnancy group and URSA group were lower than those in healthy control group, and IFN-γ levels in the normal pregnancy group were significantly lower than those in URSA group (P < 0.05). Levels of IL-4 in normal pregnancy group and URSA groups increased compared with the healthy control group, and the IL-4 levels in normal pregnancy group were significantly higher than those in URSA group (P < 0.05). Th1/Th2 imbalance, sTim-3 and Galectin-9 expression increase are found in the patients with URSA, ant this might be involved in the regulation of immunity in pregnancy.
authors: Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, P. R. China.
authors: Mengru
authors: M
authors: Wu
authors: Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, P. R. China.
authors: Yuejie
authors: Y
authors: Zhu
authors: Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, P. R. China.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Zhao
authors: Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, P. R. China.
authors: Haiquan
authors: H
authors: Ai
authors: Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, P. R. China.
authors: Qiaoqiao
authors: Q
authors: Gong
authors: Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, P. R. China.
authors: Jia
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, P. R. China.
authors: Junda
authors: J
authors: Zhao
authors: Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, P. R. China.
authors: Qingli
authors: Q
authors: Wang
authors: Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, P. R. China.
authors: Xiaoling
authors: X
authors: La
authors: Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, P. R. China ; Department of Immunology, School of Preclinical Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, P. R. China.
authors: Jianbing
authors: J
authors: Ding
keywords: IFN-γ; IL-4; galectin-9; sTim-3; unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion