title: Oxidative Stress, Motor Abilities, and Behavioral Adjustment in Children Treated for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine associations among oxidative stress, fine and visual-motor abilities, and behavioral adjustment in children receiving chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) .
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, repeated-measures design .
  
  
  METHODS
  Two pediatric oncology settings in the southwestern United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  89 children with ALL were followed from diagnosis to the end of chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serial cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected during scheduled lumbar punctures and analyzed for oxidative stress biomarkers. Children completed fine motor dexterity, visual processing speed, and visual-motor integration measures at three time points. Parents completed child behavior ratings at the same times.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oxidative stress, fine motor dexterity, visual processing, visual-motor integration, and behavioral adjustment .
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with ALL had below-average fine motor dexterity, visual processing speed, and visual-motor integration following the induction phase of ALL therapy. By end of therapy, visual processing speed normalized, and fine motor dexterity and visual-motor integration remained below average. Oxidative stress measures correlated with fine motor dexterity and visual-motor integration. Decreased motor functioning was associated with increased hyperactivity and anxiety .
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxidative stress occurs following chemo-therapy for childhood ALL and is related to impaired fine motor skills and visual symptoms .
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early intervention should be considered to prevent fine motor and visual-spatial deficits, as well as behavioral problems.
authors: Duke University in Durham, NC.
authors: Marilyn J
authors: MJ
authors: Hockenberry
authors: St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.
authors: Kevin R
authors: KR
authors: Krull
authors: The College of Nursing, The University of Arizona, Tucson.
authors: Kathleen C
authors: KC
authors: Insel
authors: Baylor College of Medicine.
authors: Lynnette L
authors: LL
authors: Harris
authors: University of Arizona.
authors: Patricia M
authors: PM
authors: Gundy
authors: Baylor College of Medicine.
authors: Kristin B
authors: KB
authors: Adkins
authors: University of Arizona.
authors: Alice E
authors: AE
authors: Pasvogel
authors: College of Medicine, Baylor University, Houston, TX.
authors: Olga A
authors: OA
authors: Taylor
authors: University of Arizona.
authors: Kari M
authors: KM
authors: Koerner
authors: College of Nursing, University of Arizona.
authors: David W
authors: DW
authors: Montgomery
authors: University of Arizona.
authors: Adam K
authors: AK
authors: Ross
authors: Indiana University Health.
authors: Adam
authors: A
authors: Hill
authors: University of Arizona.
authors: Ida M
authors: IM
authors: Moore
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000293:Adolescent; D001519:Behavior; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011597:Psychomotor Performance
keywords: cerebrospinal fluid; childhood leukemia; fine motor dexterity; oxidative stress; visual-motor integration