title: Direct profiling of the phospholipid composition of adult Caenorhabditis elegans using whole-body imaging mass spectrometry.
abstract: A protocol for the direct analysis of the phospholipid composition in the whole body of adult soil nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), was developed, which combined freeze-cracking of the exoskeletal cuticle and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS). Biomolecules in the m/z range from 700 to 900 were more effectively detected in the freeze-cracked than from simple frozen adult nematode bodies. Different distribution of biomolecules was observed in a nematode body when the matrix was applied with a sublimation deposition method. The whole-body IMS technique was applied on genetically deficient mutant C. elegans to combine whole-body lipidomics and genetics, by comparing the fatty acid compositions, especially of the phosphatidylcholine (PC) species, between the wild-type and fat-1 mutants, which lack the gene encoding an n-3 fatty acid desaturase. A significant reduction of PC(20:5/20:5) and PC(20:4/20:5) and a marked increase of PC(20:4/20:4), PC(20:3/20:4), and PC(20:3/20:3) were detected in the fat-1 mutants in positive ion mode. In addition, phospholipid compositions other than PCs were analyzed in negative ion mode. A loss of a possible phosphatidylinositol (PI) with 18:0/20:5 and a compensative accumulation of putative PI(18:0/20:4) were detected in the fat-1 mutants. In conclusion, the whole-body MALDI-IMS technique is useful for the profiling of multiple biomolecules in C. elegans in both intra- and inter-individual levels.
authors: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
authors: Saira
authors: S
authors: Hameed
authors: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Ikegami
authors: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
authors: Eiji
authors: E
authors: Sugiyama
authors: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
authors: Shoko
authors: S
authors: Matsushita
authors: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
authors: Yoshishige
authors: Y
authors: Kimura
authors: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.|Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Innovation and Technology Center, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.
authors: Takahiro
authors: T
authors: Hayasaka
authors: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.|Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
authors: Yuki
authors: Y
authors: Sugiura
authors: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
authors: Noritaka
authors: N
authors: Masaki
authors: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
authors: Michihiko
authors: M
authors: Waki
authors: Research Equipment Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
authors: Isao
authors: I
authors: Ohta
authors: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
authors: Md Amir
authors: MA
authors: Hossen
authors: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan. setou@hama-med.ac.jp.
authors: Mitsutoshi
authors: M
authors: Setou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D005615:Freezing; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D051598:Whole Body Imaging / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D010743:Phospholipids
keywords: Caenorhabditis elegans; Cuticle; Exoskeleton; Freeze-cracking; Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-imaging mass spectrometry; Phosphatidylcholine; Phosphatidylinositol