title: Risk factors for recurrent wheezing--International Study of Wheezing in Infants (EISL) phase 3.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aimed to identify factors associated with recurrent wheezing (RW) in infants in the first year of life living in the Southern region of São Paulo city and participating in the "Estudio Internacional de Sibilancias en Lactantes (EISL)" - phase 3 (P3).
  
  
  METHODS
  1335 parents of infants who were attended in primary care health units in the Southern region of São Paulo city from 2009 to 2010 answered the EISL-P3 written questionnaire. The wheezing group was stratified in accordance to the frequency of wheezing episodes as occasional wheezing (OW, less than three episodes), or RW (three or more episodes). Wheezing-associated factors were evaluated using multivariate analysis and were expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most relevant factors related to OW were pneumonia (OR=3.10, 95%CI=1.68-5.73), hospitalisation due to pneumonia (OR=2.88, 95%CI=1.26-6.56) and recurrent upper respiratory infection (URI, OR=1.87, 95%CI=1.25-2.81). Regarding RW, recurrent URI (OR=5.34, 95%CI=3.83-7.45), pneumonia (OR=4.06, 95%CI=2.87-5.74) and asthmatic siblings (OR=3.02, 95%CI=1.67-5.45) were the most significantly associated factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present study, we found that recurrent URI, positive history of pneumonia and familiar history of asthma were the most relevant factors associated with RW. The precocious knowledge of these factors can enable the identification of the probable asthmatic infants and can improve both prevention strategies and treatment of these patients.
authors: Federal University of São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: carolaaranda@yahoo.com.br.
authors: C S
authors: CS
authors: Aranda
authors: Federal University of São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Wandalsen
authors: Federal University of São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Fonzar
authors: Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
authors: A C D
authors: AC
authors: Bianca
authors: Hospital CRS El Pino, University of Santiago, Santiago, Chile.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Mallol
authors: Federal University of São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Solé
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001938:Brazil; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007391:International Cooperation; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012008:Recurrence; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000209:etiology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D035781:Siblings; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Asthma; Infants; Respiratory sounds; Respiratory tract infections; Risk factors