title: Systemic lupus erythematosus and atherosclerosis: Review of the literature.
abstract: The purpose of this manuscript is to extensively review the literature related to systemic lupus erythematosus and atherosclerosis. The conclusion of this review has covered accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus, the role of complement, interferon in premature atherosclerosis, inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, leukocytes, innate and adaptive immunity, hydrolytic enzymes, reactive oxygen species, vascular endothelial growth factor, toll receptors in lupus nephritis, several specific anti-inflammatory pharmacological therapies, and potential prevention strategies for atherothrombotic events, interferons and the inflammasome. It is important for allergist-immunologists, rheumatologists both in academic institutions and in practice to understand this important disorder.
authors: Division of Allergy Immunology, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, United States. Electronic address: mfrieri@numc.edu.
authors: Marianne
authors: M
authors: Frieri
authors: Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, United States.
authors: Heather
authors: H
authors: Stampfl
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008024:Ligands; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000276:immunology*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008024:Ligands
keywords: Adaptive immunity; Complement; Cytokines; Innate; Interferon