title: A Novel Use of Direct Platelet Application During Surgery for Clopidogrel-Associated Intracerebral Hemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dual antiplatelet therapy is associated with increased rates of intracerebral hemorrhage, especially in the context of subarachnoid hemorrhage. We present a case of a spontaneous hemorrhage in a patient treated with a Pipeline stent for a ruptured dissecting vertebrobasilar aneurysm and the novel use of direct application of platelets during surgery to control bleeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 54-year-old previously healthy woman presented with an intradural right vertebral artery dissection with a ruptured 6-mm pseudoaneurysm. The patient was started on aspirin and clopidogrel and the vessel was reconstructed with 2 Pipeline Embolization Devices. On postbleed day number 14, she became obtunded with a blown right pupil; computed tomography of the head demonstrated a large right temporal intracerebral hematoma. The patient was taken emergently to the operating room for evacuation of the clot. Intraoperatively, satisfactory control of bleeding was not achieved despite transfusing several units of platelets intravenously. Ultimately, a mixture of Floseal and platelets applied directly to the hematoma wall allowed prompt hemostasis. At 3 months the patient was doing extremely well clinically and angiography demonstrated occlusion of the aneurysm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first reported description of direct application of platelets to achieve intraoperative hemostasis. Platelets are activated by thrombin and collagen and the use of Floseal (a bovine-derived, gelatin matrix and human-derived thrombin) further potentiated the effectiveness of this strategy. With the increased incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage associated with dual antiplatelet therapy, this technique may provide a useful tool in the neurosurgical armamentarium.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA. Electronic address: bkillory@gmail.com.
authors: Brendan D
authors: BD
authors: Killory
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA.
authors: Kent J
authors: KJ
authors: Kilbourn
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Ollenschleger
mesh_terms: D017541:Aneurysm, False / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D017542:Aneurysm, Ruptured / Q000601:surgery; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000628:therapy*; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D005260:Female; D006487:Hemostasis; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017713:Platelet Transfusion / Q000379:methods*; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020217:Vertebral Artery Dissection / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine
keywords: Clopidogrel; Intracranial hemorrhage; Pipeline Embolization Device; Platelets