title: Psychometric properties of the Albanian version of the Orofacial Esthetic Scale: OES-ALB.
abstract: The aim was to adapt the Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES) and to test psychometric properties of the Albanian language version in the cultural environment of the Republic of Kosovo.
  
  
  METHODS
  The OES questionnaire was translated from the original English version according to the accepted techniques. The reliability (internal consistency), and validity (construct, convergent and discriminative) were tested in 169 subjects, test-retest in 61 dental students (DS), and responsiveness in 51 prosthodontic patients with treatment needs (PPTN).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The corrected item correlation coefficients of OES-ALB ranged from 0.686 to 0.909. The inter-item correlation coefficient ranged between 0.572 and 0.919. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.961 and IIC 0.758. Test- retest was confirmed by good ICCs and by no significant differences of the OES scores through the period of 14 days without any orofacial changes (p > 0.05). Construct validity was proved by the presence of one-factor composition that assumed 79.079% of the variance. Convergent validity showed significant correlation between one general question about satisfaction with orofacial esthetics and the OES summary score, as well as between the sum of the 3 OHIP-ALB49 questions related to orofacial aesthetics and the OES summary score. Discriminative validity was confirmed with statistically significant differences between DS, prosthodontic patients without treatment need and PPTN (p < 0.01). Responsiveness was confirmed by a significant increase of OES scores after PPTN patients received new fixed partial or removable dentures (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results proved excellent psychometric properties of the OES-ALB questionnaire in the Republic of Kosovo.
authors: Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo. vbimbashi@gmail.com.
authors: Venera
authors: V
authors: Bimbashi
authors: Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb and Clinical Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia. celebic@sfzg.hr.
authors: Asja
authors: A
authors: Čelebić
authors: Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina and University Dentistry Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo. gloria.staka@uni-pr.edu.
authors: Gloria
authors: G
authors: Staka
authors: Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina and University Dentistry Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo. drfloraa.hoxha@gmail.com.
authors: Flurije
authors: F
authors: Hoxha
authors: Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. persic@sfzg.hr.
authors: Sanja
authors: S
authors: Peršić
authors: Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. petricevic@sfzg.hr.
authors: Nikola
authors: N
authors: Petričević
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003824:Denture, Complete / Q000523:psychology; D003830:Denture, Partial, Fixed / Q000523:psychology; D003832:Denture, Partial, Removable / Q000523:psychology; D003778:Dentures / Q000523:psychology; D004954:Esthetics; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D063826:Kosovo; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating; D055815:Young Adult