title: Differential embryotoxicity of the organic pollutants in rural and urban air particles.
abstract: Airborne particulate matter (PM) is a recognized risk factor for human populations. Here we assessed the toxic potential of the organic constituents from PM collected in urban and rural sites during warm and cold periods of 2012/2013, and fractionated into 6 size fractions. The finest PM fraction (<0.5 μm) showed the highest biological activity (dioxin-like activity and fish embryotoxicity) in all samples, and the maximal activity was observed in rural samples from the cold period. Zebrafish embryo transcriptome analysis showed a strong induction of the AhR signaling pathway correlated to PAH concentrations. Oxidative stress-related genes and pancreatic and eye-lens gene markers appeared de-regulated in embryos exposed to urban extracts, whereas exposure to rural extracts affected genes implicated in basic cellular functions. The observed effects can be directly related to air pollution-related human disorders, suggesting different potential adverse outcomes for human populations exposed to air pollution from specific sources.
authors: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Barcelona, Spain; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors: Sofia R
authors: SR
authors: Mesquita
authors: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Barend L
authors: BL
authors: van Drooge
authors: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Eva
authors: E
authors: Oliveira
authors: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Joan O
authors: JO
authors: Grimalt
authors: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Barata
authors: Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors: Natividade
authors: N
authors: Vieira
authors: Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Guimarães
authors: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: benjami.pina@idaea.csic.es.
authors: Benjamin
authors: B
authors: Piña
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D063990:Gene Ontology; D006801:Humans; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012423:Rural Health; D014504:Urban Health; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Air pollution; Air quality; Danio rerio; Embryo toxicity; GC–MS; PM10; Toxicogenomics