title: Frailty, Inflammation and Immunosenescence.
abstract: Frailty is a still-evolving concept of a complex phenomenon. There are several algorithms and strategies for assessing frailty syndrome, but currently, no universally accepted definition or measurement protocol has been determined. Consequently, the biological cause(s) of frailty are also poorly defined. Much circumstantial experimental data point to the dysregulation of several key physiological systems, including the neuroendocrine, musculoskeletal, metabolic and immune/inflammatory systems, resulting from alterations in functional reserves. Immune dysregulation and inflammation as causes of frailty have gained some support from the results of longitudinal studies, but a true causal relationship has not been established. This chapter will describe the immune/inflammatory alterations found in frailty and their putative causal relationships with this state.
authors: Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que., Canada.
authors: Tamas
authors: T
authors: Fulop
authors: Janet
authors: J
authors: McElhaney
authors: Graham
authors: G
authors: Pawelec
authors: Alan A
authors: AA
authors: Cohen
authors: José A
authors: JA
authors: Morais
authors: Gilles
authors: G
authors: Dupuis
authors: Sarra
authors: S
authors: Baehl
authors: Xavier
authors: X
authors: Camous
authors: Jacek M
authors: JM
authors: Witkowski
authors: Anis
authors: A
authors: Larbi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*; D002170:Canada; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D000068884:Immunosenescence / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D015994:Incidence; D007249:Inflammation / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment