title: Investigating trajectories of social recovery in individuals with first-episode psychosis: a latent class growth analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Social disability is a hallmark of severe mental illness yet individual differences and factors predicting outcome are largely unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore trajectories and predictors of social recovery following a first episode of psychosis (FEP).
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 764 individuals with FEP were assessed on entry into early intervention in psychosis (EIP) services and followed up over 12 months. Social recovery profiles were examined using latent class growth analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three types of social recovery profile were identified: Low Stable (66%), Moderate-Increasing (27%), and High-Decreasing (7%). Poor social recovery was predicted by male gender, ethnic minority status, younger age at onset of psychosis, increased negative symptoms, and poor premorbid adjustment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Social disability is prevalent in FEP, although distinct recovery profiles are evident. Where social disability is present on entry into EIP services it can remain stable, highlighting a need for targeted intervention.
authors: Jo Hodgekins, BSc, PhD, ClinPsyD, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Max Birchwood, PhD, DSc, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK; Rose Christopher, BSc, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Max Marshall, MB BS, MD, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Sian Coker, BSc, DPhil, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Linda Everard, BSc, Birmingham and Solihull NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Helen Lester, MB, BCH, MD (deceased), previously at the University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK; Peter Jones, PhD, FMedSci, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Tim Amos, MB BS, MRCPsych, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Swaran Singh, MBBS, MD, FRCPsych, DM, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Vimal Sharma, MD, FRCPsych, PhD, University of Chester, Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust; Nick Freemantle, MA, PhD, University College London, London; David Fowler, MSc, CPsychol, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
authors: Jo
authors: J
authors: Hodgekins
authors: Jo Hodgekins, BSc, PhD, ClinPsyD, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Max Birchwood, PhD, DSc, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK; Rose Christopher, BSc, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Max Marshall, MB BS, MD, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Sian Coker, BSc, DPhil, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Linda Everard, BSc, Birmingham and Solihull NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Helen Lester, MB, BCH, MD (deceased), previously at the University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK; Peter Jones, PhD, FMedSci, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Tim Amos, MB BS, MRCPsych, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Swaran Singh, MBBS, MD, FRCPsych, DM, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Vimal Sharma, MD, FRCPsych, PhD, University of Chester, Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust; Nick Freemantle, MA, PhD, University College London, London; David Fowler, MSc, CPsychol, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
authors: Max
authors: M
authors: Birchwood
authors: Jo Hodgekins, BSc, PhD, ClinPsyD, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Max Birchwood, PhD, DSc, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK; Rose Christopher, BSc, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Max Marshall, MB BS, MD, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Sian Coker, BSc, DPhil, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Linda Everard, BSc, Birmingham and Solihull NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Helen Lester, MB, BCH, MD (deceased), previously at the University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK; Peter Jones, PhD, FMedSci, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Tim Amos, MB BS, MRCPsych, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Swaran Singh, MBBS, MD, FRCPsych, DM, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Vimal Sharma, MD, FRCPsych, PhD, University of Chester, Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust; Nick Freemantle, MA, PhD, University College London, London; David Fowler, MSc, CPsychol, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
authors: Rose
authors: R
authors: Christopher
authors: Jo Hodgekins, BSc, PhD, ClinPsyD, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Max Birchwood, PhD, DSc, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK; Rose Christopher, BSc, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Max Marshall, MB BS, MD, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Sian Coker, BSc, DPhil, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Linda Everard, BSc, Birmingham and Solihull NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Helen Lester, MB, BCH, MD (deceased), previously at the University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK; Peter Jones, PhD, FMedSci, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Tim Amos, MB BS, MRCPsych, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Swaran Singh, MBBS, MD, FRCPsych, DM, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Vimal Sharma, MD, FRCPsych, PhD, University of Chester, Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust; Nick Freemantle, MA, PhD, University College London, London; David Fowler, MSc, CPsychol, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
authors: Max
authors: M
authors: Marshall
authors: Jo Hodgekins, BSc, PhD, ClinPsyD, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Max Birchwood, PhD, DSc, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK; Rose Christopher, BSc, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Max Marshall, MB BS, MD, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Sian Coker, BSc, DPhil, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Linda Everard, BSc, Birmingham and Solihull NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Helen Lester, MB, BCH, MD (deceased), previously at the University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK; Peter Jones, PhD, FMedSci, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Tim Amos, MB BS, MRCPsych, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Swaran Singh, MBBS, MD, FRCPsych, DM, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Vimal Sharma, MD, FRCPsych, PhD, University of Chester, Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust; Nick Freemantle, MA, PhD, University College London, London; David Fowler, MSc, CPsychol, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
authors: Sian
authors: S
authors: Coker
authors: Jo Hodgekins, BSc, PhD, ClinPsyD, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Max Birchwood, PhD, DSc, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK; Rose Christopher, BSc, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Max Marshall, MB BS, MD, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Sian Coker, BSc, DPhil, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Linda Everard, BSc, Birmingham and Solihull NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Helen Lester, MB, BCH, MD (deceased), previously at the University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK; Peter Jones, PhD, FMedSci, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Tim Amos, MB BS, MRCPsych, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Swaran Singh, MBBS, MD, FRCPsych, DM, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Vimal Sharma, MD, FRCPsych, PhD, University of Chester, Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust; Nick Freemantle, MA, PhD, University College London, London; David Fowler, MSc, CPsychol, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
authors: Linda
authors: L
authors: Everard
authors: Jo Hodgekins, BSc, PhD, ClinPsyD, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Max Birchwood, PhD, DSc, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK; Rose Christopher, BSc, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Max Marshall, MB BS, MD, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Sian Coker, BSc, DPhil, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Linda Everard, BSc, Birmingham and Solihull NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Helen Lester, MB, BCH, MD (deceased), previously at the University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK; Peter Jones, PhD, FMedSci, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Tim Amos, MB BS, MRCPsych, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Swaran Singh, MBBS, MD, FRCPsych, DM, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Vimal Sharma, MD, FRCPsych, PhD, University of Chester, Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust; Nick Freemantle, MA, PhD, University College London, London; David Fowler, MSc, CPsychol, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
authors: Helen
authors: H
authors: Lester
authors: Jo Hodgekins, BSc, PhD, ClinPsyD, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Max Birchwood, PhD, DSc, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK; Rose Christopher, BSc, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Max Marshall, MB BS, MD, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Sian Coker, BSc, DPhil, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Linda Everard, BSc, Birmingham and Solihull NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Helen Lester, MB, BCH, MD (deceased), previously at the University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK; Peter Jones, PhD, FMedSci, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Tim Amos, MB BS, MRCPsych, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Swaran Singh, MBBS, MD, FRCPsych, DM, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Vimal Sharma, MD, FRCPsych, PhD, University of Chester, Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust; Nick Freemantle, MA, PhD, University College London, London; David Fowler, MSc, CPsychol, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Jones
authors: Jo Hodgekins, BSc, PhD, ClinPsyD, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Max Birchwood, PhD, DSc, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK; Rose Christopher, BSc, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Max Marshall, MB BS, MD, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Sian Coker, BSc, DPhil, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Linda Everard, BSc, Birmingham and Solihull NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Helen Lester, MB, BCH, MD (deceased), previously at the University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK; Peter Jones, PhD, FMedSci, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Tim Amos, MB BS, MRCPsych, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Swaran Singh, MBBS, MD, FRCPsych, DM, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Vimal Sharma, MD, FRCPsych, PhD, University of Chester, Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust; Nick Freemantle, MA, PhD, University College London, London; David Fowler, MSc, CPsychol, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
authors: Tim
authors: T
authors: Amos
authors: Jo Hodgekins, BSc, PhD, ClinPsyD, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Max Birchwood, PhD, DSc, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK; Rose Christopher, BSc, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Max Marshall, MB BS, MD, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Sian Coker, BSc, DPhil, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Linda Everard, BSc, Birmingham and Solihull NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Helen Lester, MB, BCH, MD (deceased), previously at the University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK; Peter Jones, PhD, FMedSci, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Tim Amos, MB BS, MRCPsych, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Swaran Singh, MBBS, MD, FRCPsych, DM, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Vimal Sharma, MD, FRCPsych, PhD, University of Chester, Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust; Nick Freemantle, MA, PhD, University College London, London; David Fowler, MSc, CPsychol, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
authors: Swaran
authors: S
authors: Singh
authors: Jo Hodgekins, BSc, PhD, ClinPsyD, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Max Birchwood, PhD, DSc, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK; Rose Christopher, BSc, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Max Marshall, MB BS, MD, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Sian Coker, BSc, DPhil, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Linda Everard, BSc, Birmingham and Solihull NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Helen Lester, MB, BCH, MD (deceased), previously at the University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK; Peter Jones, PhD, FMedSci, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Tim Amos, MB BS, MRCPsych, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Swaran Singh, MBBS, MD, FRCPsych, DM, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Vimal Sharma, MD, FRCPsych, PhD, University of Chester, Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust; Nick Freemantle, MA, PhD, University College London, London; David Fowler, MSc, CPsychol, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
authors: Vimal
authors: V
authors: Sharma
authors: Jo Hodgekins, BSc, PhD, ClinPsyD, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Max Birchwood, PhD, DSc, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK; Rose Christopher, BSc, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Max Marshall, MB BS, MD, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Sian Coker, BSc, DPhil, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Linda Everard, BSc, Birmingham and Solihull NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Helen Lester, MB, BCH, MD (deceased), previously at the University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK; Peter Jones, PhD, FMedSci, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Tim Amos, MB BS, MRCPsych, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Swaran Singh, MBBS, MD, FRCPsych, DM, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Vimal Sharma, MD, FRCPsych, PhD, University of Chester, Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust; Nick Freemantle, MA, PhD, University College London, London; David Fowler, MSc, CPsychol, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
authors: Nick
authors: N
authors: Freemantle
authors: Jo Hodgekins, BSc, PhD, ClinPsyD, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Max Birchwood, PhD, DSc, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK; Rose Christopher, BSc, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Max Marshall, MB BS, MD, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Sian Coker, BSc, DPhil, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Linda Everard, BSc, Birmingham and Solihull NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Helen Lester, MB, BCH, MD (deceased), previously at the University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK; Peter Jones, PhD, FMedSci, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Tim Amos, MB BS, MRCPsych, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Swaran Singh, MBBS, MD, FRCPsych, DM, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Vimal Sharma, MD, FRCPsych, PhD, University of Chester, Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust; Nick Freemantle, MA, PhD, University College London, London; David Fowler, MSc, CPsychol, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK d.fowler@sussex.ac.uk.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Fowler
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012917:Social Adjustment; D066107:Social Skills; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom; D055815:Young Adult