title: Characterization of Rhinitis According to the Asthma Status in Adults Using an Unsupervised Approach in the EGEA Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The classification of rhinitis in adults is missing in epidemiological studies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify phenotypes of adult rhinitis using an unsupervised approach (data-driven) compared with a classical hypothesis-driven approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  983 adults of the French Epidemiological Study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma (EGEA) were studied. Self-reported symptoms related to rhinitis such as nasal symptoms, hay fever, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, and sensitivities to different triggers (dust, animals, hay/flowers, cold air…) were used. Allergic sensitization was defined by at least one positive skin prick test to 12 aeroallergens. Mixture model was used to cluster participants, independently in those without (Asthma-, n = 582) and with asthma (Asthma+, n = 401).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three clusters were identified in both groups: 1) Cluster A (55% in Asthma-, and 22% in Asthma+) mainly characterized by the absence of nasal symptoms, 2) Cluster B (23% in Asthma-, 36% in Asthma+) mainly characterized by nasal symptoms all over the year, sinusitis and a low prevalence of positive skin prick tests, and 3) Cluster C (22% in Asthma-, 42% in Asthma+) mainly characterized by a peak of nasal symptoms during spring, a high prevalence of positive skin prick tests and a high report of hay fever, allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis. The highest rate of polysensitization (80%) was found in participants with comorbid asthma and allergic rhinitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This cluster analysis highlighted three clusters of rhinitis with similar characteristics than those known by clinicians but differing according to allergic sensitization, and this whatever the asthma status. These clusters could be easily rebuilt using a small number of variables.
authors: INSERM, U1168, VIMA: Aging and chronic diseases, Epidemiological and Public health approaches, F-94807, Villejuif, France; Univ Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMR-S 1168, F-78180, Montigny le Bretonneux, France.
authors: Emilie
authors: E
authors: Burte
authors: INSERM, U1168, VIMA: Aging and chronic diseases, Epidemiological and Public health approaches, F-94807, Villejuif, France; Univ Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMR-S 1168, F-78180, Montigny le Bretonneux, France; University hospital, Montpellier, France.
authors: Jean
authors: J
authors: Bousquet
authors: INSERM, U1168, VIMA: Aging and chronic diseases, Epidemiological and Public health approaches, F-94807, Villejuif, France; Univ Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMR-S 1168, F-78180, Montigny le Bretonneux, France.
authors: Raphaëlle
authors: R
authors: Varraso
authors: CHU de Lyon, Pneumology Department, Lyon, France.
authors: Frédéric
authors: F
authors: Gormand
authors: Allergology Department, Centre de l'Asthme et des Allergies, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau (APHP), APHP, Paris, France; Université Paris 6 Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
authors: Jocelyne
authors: J
authors: Just
authors: Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France.
authors: Régis
authors: R
authors: Matran
authors: INSERM, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CHU de Grenoble, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CHU de Grenoble, Pediatric Department, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
authors: Isabelle
authors: I
authors: Pin
authors: INSERM, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CHU de Grenoble, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
authors: Valérie
authors: V
authors: Siroux
authors: INSERM, U1168, VIMA: Aging and chronic diseases, Epidemiological and Public health approaches, F-94807, Villejuif, France; Univ Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMR-S 1168, F-78180, Montigny le Bretonneux, France; CREAL-Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Bénédicte
authors: B
authors: Jacquemin
authors: INSERM, U1168, VIMA: Aging and chronic diseases, Epidemiological and Public health approaches, F-94807, Villejuif, France; Univ Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMR-S 1168, F-78180, Montigny le Bretonneux, France.
authors: Rachel
authors: R
authors: Nadif
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D015995:Prevalence; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens