title: Persistent endosulfan sulfate is found with highest abundance among endosulfan I, II, and sulfate in German forest soils.
abstract: Endosulfan - an agricultural insecticide and banned by Stockholm Convention - is produced as a 2:1 to 7:3 mixture of isomers endosulfan I (ESI) and endosulfan II (ESII). Endosulfan is transformed under aerobic conditions into endosulfan sulfate (ESS). The study shows for 76 sampling locations in German forests that endosulfan is abundant in all samples with an opposite ratio between the ESI and ESII than the technical product, where the main metabolite ESS is found with even higher abundance. The ratio between ESI/ESII and ESS show clear dependence on the type of stands (coniferous vs. deciduous) and humus type and increases from deciduous via mixed to coniferous forest stands. The study argues for a systematic monitoring of ESI, ESII, and ESS and underlines the need for further research, specifically on the fate of endosulfan including biomagnifications and bioaccumulation in soil.
authors: Federal Environment Agency, Section Soil State and Soil Monitoring, Am Wörlitzer Platz, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany. Electronic address: bernd.bussian@uba.de.
authors: Bernd M
authors: BM
authors: Bussian
authors: Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Molecular EXposomics, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
authors: Marchela
authors: M
authors: Pandelova
authors: BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
authors: Petra
authors: P
authors: Lehnik-Habrink
authors: University of Potsdam, Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
authors: Bernhard
authors: B
authors: Aichner
authors: Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Molecular EXposomics, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
authors: Bernhard
authors: B
authors: Henkelmann
authors: Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Molecular EXposomics, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; TUM - Technische Universität München, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Department für Bio-wissenschaftliche Grundlagen, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, 85350 Freising, Germany.
authors: Karl-Werner
authors: KW
authors: Schramm
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D004726:Endosulfan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D065928:Forests; D005858:Germany; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C544689:endosulfan sulfate; D004726:Endosulfan
keywords: Diffuse pollution; Endosulfan; Forest soils; Soil monitoring; Stockholm-convention