title: Family Functioning and Parental Bonding During Childhood in Adults Diagnosed With ADHD.
abstract: This work assesses family functioning, parental bonding, and the relationship between the two in adults diagnosed with ADHD.
  
  
  
  The study used a retrospective, ex post facto design and consisted of 100 adult participants, who were distributed into two groups: with and without diagnosis of ADHD. Two family assessment instruments were applied: the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale short spanish version (FACES-20esp)) and the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). The diagnosis of ADHD was done by using a semistructured interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) criteria (Conners' Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV [CAADID]).
  
  
  
  The results showed that higher rigidity and lower emotional connection were significantly associated with ADHD family functioning. Regarding parental bonding, the results showed significant differences only in the care dimension, with the ADHD group reporting lower care than the control group.
  
  
  
  The results suggest that ADHD families present dysfunctional family functioning with a rigid, separated typology, and parental bonding based on control without affection.
authors: 1 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy of the Family Therapy School at Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.|2 Department of Psychiatry at Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Spain.
authors: José E
authors: JE
authors: Montejo
authors: 1 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy of the Family Therapy School at Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Mariona
authors: M
authors: Durán
authors: 1 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy of the Family Therapy School at Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
authors: María
authors: M
authors: Del Mar Martínez
authors: 1 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy of the Family Therapy School at Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Ainoa
authors: A
authors: Hilari
authors: 1 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy of the Family Therapy School at Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Nicoletta
authors: N
authors: Roncalli
authors: 1 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy of the Family Therapy School at Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Vilaregut
authors: 2 Department of Psychiatry at Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Spain.
authors: Montserrat
authors: M
authors: Corrales
authors: 2 Department of Psychiatry at Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Spain.
authors: Mariana
authors: M
authors: Nogueira
authors: 2 Department of Psychiatry at Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Spain.|3 Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Miguel
authors: M
authors: Casas
authors: 1 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy of the Family Therapy School at Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Juan Luis
authors: JL
authors: Linares
authors: 2 Department of Psychiatry at Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Spain.|3 Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
authors: J Antoni
authors: JA
authors: Ramos-Quiroga
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005195:Family Relations / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009769:Object Attachment; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ADHD; family functioning; parental bonding