title: Analysis of Globodera rostochiensis effectors reveals conserved functions of SPRYSEC proteins in suppressing and eliciting plant immune responses.
abstract: Potato cyst nematodes (PCNs), including Globodera rostochiensis (Woll.), are important pests of potato. Plant parasitic nematodes produce multiple effector proteins, secreted from their stylets, to successfully infect their hosts. These include proteins delivered to the apoplast and to the host cytoplasm. A number of effectors from G. rostochiensis predicted to be delivered to the host cytoplasm have been identified, including several belonging to the secreted SPRY domain (SPRYSEC) family. SPRYSEC proteins are unique to members of the genus Globodera and have been implicated in both the induction and the repression of host defense responses. We have tested the properties of six different G. rostochiensis SPRYSEC proteins by expressing them in Nicotiana benthamiana and N. tabacum. We have found that all SPRYSEC proteins tested are able to suppress defense responses induced by NB-LRR proteins as well as cell death induced by elicitors, suggesting that defense repression is a common characteristic of members of this effector protein family. At the same time, GrSPRYSEC-15 elicited a defense responses in N. tabacum, which was found to be resistant to a virus expressing GrSPRYSEC-15. These results suggest that SPRYSEC proteins may possess characteristics that allow them to be recognized by the plant immune system.
authors: Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke, QC, Canada ; Horticulture R & D Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada St-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada ; Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Shawkat
authors: S
authors: Ali
authors: Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
authors: Maxime
authors: M
authors: Magne
authors: School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University Ithaca, NY, USA.
authors: Shiyan
authors: S
authors: Chen
authors: Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
authors: Natasa
authors: N
authors: Obradovic
authors: Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
authors: Lubna
authors: L
authors: Jamshaid
authors: School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University Ithaca, NY, USA ; US Department of Agriculture, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Agricultural Research Service Ithaca, NY, USA.
authors: Xiaohong
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Horticulture R & D Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada St-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada.
authors: Guy
authors: G
authors: Bélair
authors: Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Moffett
keywords: Globodera; NB-LRR proteins; PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI); SPRYSEC; cyst nematodes; effector proteins; plant-parasitic nematode