title: SCCmec IX in meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and meticillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci from pigs and workers at pig farms in Khon Kaen, Thailand.
abstract: Livestock-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, clonal complex (CC) 398, has been reported in Europe, whereas CC9 MRSA has mostly been found in Asia. Therefore, we aimed to detect MRSA on pig farms in north-eastern Thailand. A total of 257 nasal swabs (159 samples from pigs and 98 from pig-farm workers) were collected from three pig farms in north-eastern Thailand from 2010 to 2011. MRSA isolates were confirmed for femA and mecA genes by PCR. The MICs of eight antimicrobials, namely vancomycin (VA), cefazolin (CZ), ofloxacin (OF), tetracycline (TET), erythromycin (ER), oxacillin (OX), cefoxitin (FOX) and gentamicin (GN), were tested by agar dilution method. The virulence genes for Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin (lukSF-PV), toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tst) and α-haemolysin (hla) were detected by PCR. Strain typing was performed by staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) mec, agr, spa and multilocus sequence typing. Four MRSA were isolated: three from workers and one from a pig. All the MRSA isolates were resistant to OX, GN, ER, TET and CZ, and they all carried hla only. Two MRSA from humans carried SCCmec II-sequence type (ST)764-agrII, whereas the two remaining MRSA (one each from a human and a pig) contained SCCmec IX-ST9-agrII. Interestingly, meticillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates carrying SCCmec IX were also obtained from five workers and three pigs. This study suggests that the SCCmec IX element is distributed among the Staphylococcus found in pigs and pig-farm workers, and pigs may be a reservoir for MRSA in the community.
authors: Graduate School, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors: Siwaporn
authors: S
authors: Sinlapasorn
authors: Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors: Aroonlug
authors: A
authors: Lulitanond
authors: Research Group for Preventive Technology in Livestock, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors: Sunpetch
authors: S
authors: Angkititrakul
authors: Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors: Aroonwadee
authors: A
authors: Chanawong
authors: Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors: Chotechana
authors: C
authors: Wilailuckana
authors: Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors: Ratree
authors: R
authors: Tavichakorntrakool
authors: Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors: Kanoksak
authors: K
authors: Chindawong
authors: Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors: Charinya
authors: C
authors: Seelaget
authors: Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors: Mana
authors: M
authors: Krasaesom
authors: Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors: Sarawut
authors: S
authors: Chartchai
authors: Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
authors: Lumyai
authors: L
authors: Wonglakorn
authors: Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors: Pipat
authors: P
authors: Sribenjalux
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008712:Methicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016106:Methicillin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008712:Methicillin