title: Interleukin-6 as an emerging regulator of renal cell cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our knowledge on the molecular basis of kidney cancer metastasisis still relatively low. About 25-30% of patients suffering from clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)present metastatic disease at the time of primary diagnosis. Only 10% of patients diagnosed with stage IV disease survive 5 years and 20-50% of patients diagnosed with localized tumor develop metastases within 3 years. High mortality of patients with this cancer is associated with a large potential for metastasis and resistance to oncologic treatments such as chemo- and radiotherapy. Literature data based on studies conducted on other types of cancers suggest that in metastatic ccRCC, the complex of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its soluble receptor (sIL-6R; complex IL-6/sIL-6R) and the signal transduction pathway (gp130/STAT3) might play a key role in this process.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Therefore, in this review we focus on the role of IL-6 and its signaling pathways as a factor for development and spread of RCC. Analyzing the molecular basis of cancer spreading will enable the development of prognostic tests, evaluate individual predisposition for metastasis, and produce drugs that target metastases. As the development of effective systemic treatments evolve from advancements in molecular biology, continued studies directed at understanding the genetic and molecular complexities of this disease are critical to improve RCC treatment options.
authors: Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: kaminska-katarzyna@hotmail.com.
authors: Katarzyna
authors: K
authors: Kamińska
authors: Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Anna M
authors: AM
authors: Czarnecka
authors: Medical Oncology Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
authors: Bernard
authors: B
authors: Escudier
authors: Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.
authors: Fei
authors: F
authors: Lian
authors: Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Cezary
authors: C
authors: Szczylik
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors; D015850:Interleukin-6
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6
keywords: Interleukin-6; Metastasis; Renal cancer