title: Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity: A population-based analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity (NCSCC) is an infrequent malignancy that has been historically difficult to characterize. This study provides new insight into NCSCC utilizing a population-based database. We analyze the propensity for cervical and distant metastasis from NCSCC, as well as survival outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective database analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2004-2012) was queried for NCSCC cases. Data were analyzed with respect to various demographic and clinicopathologic factors. The results were further examined for regional and distant metastasis. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1,180 cases of NCSCC were identified in the SEER database between 2004 and 2012. The mean age at diagnosis was 65.8 years. American Joint Committee on Cancer stage was known in 1,050 cases, of which 53.4% were stage I, 13.3% were stage II, 10.2% were stage III, and 23.0% were stage IV. By tumor (T) stage classification, T1 was the most common (56.6%), followed by T4 (19.3%). Most cases had no nodal (N) involvement at diagnosis (90.8%). Cervical nodal involvement was present in 9.1% of cases, while distant metastasis was seen in 1.9%. Five-year disease-specific survival was 69.5% overall, 39.6% in cases with neck involvement and 0.0% for metastatic cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study represents the only known population-based investigation of NCSCC. Metastasis to cervical nodes or distant sites, especially with T1 tumors, is rare. However, any cervical involvement or distant metastasis discovered on presentation is a poor prognostic indicator.
  
  
  METHODS
  4. Laryngoscope, 126:560-565, 2016.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey, U.S.A.
authors: Aykut A
authors: AA
authors: Unsal
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.
authors: Pariket M
authors: PM
authors: Dubal
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.
authors: Tapan D
authors: TD
authors: Patel
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.
authors: Alejandro
authors: A
authors: Vazquez
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.|Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.
authors: Soly
authors: S
authors: Baredes
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.|Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.|Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.
authors: James K
authors: JK
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.|Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.|Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.|Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.
authors: Jean Anderson
authors: JA
authors: Eloy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016208:Databases, Factual; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000473:pathology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018426:SEER Program; D012737:Sex Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: SEER; Squamous cell carcinoma; metastasis; nasal cavity; population-based; sinonasal malignancies; sinonasal neoplasm