title: Stressful Parental-Bonding Exaggerates the Functional and Emotional Disturbances of Primary Dysmenorrhea.
abstract: Some evidence suggests that women with primary dysmenorrhea (or painful period) often have traumatic experience with parental attachments, but the exact relationship is still unclear.
  
  
  
  This study aims to investigate associations between styles of the parental bonding and the detailed aspects of the disorder in Chinese university-student women.
  
  
  
  From university-student women, we have invited 50 primary dysmenorrhea patients and 111 healthy volunteers, to undergo tests of the Functional and Emotional Measure of Dysmenorrhea (FEMD), the Family Relationship Questionnaire (FRQ), and the visual analogue scale for the pain intensity experienced.
  
  
  
  Besides the high scores of the FEMD Functional and Emotional scales, the dysmenorrhea patients also scored significantly higher than the healthy controls on the FRQ scales of Paternal Dominance and Maternal Abuse. In patients, the FEMD Emotional scale was negatively predicted by the Paternal Freedom Release scale, and the FEMD Functional scale was positively predicted by the Maternal Dominance scale.
  
  
  
  Inappropriate parental bonding or chronic traumatic attachment styles have respective relationships with the functional and emotional disturbances experienced by the primary dysmenorrhea patients.
authors: Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/ School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
authors: Kai
authors: K
authors: Xu
authors: Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/ School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
authors: Liuxi
authors: L
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/ School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
authors: Lingyun
authors: L
authors: Fu
authors: Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/ School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
authors: Shaofang
authors: S
authors: Xu
authors: Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/ School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
authors: Hongying
authors: H
authors: Fan
authors: Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/ School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
authors: Qianqian
authors: Q
authors: Gao
authors: Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/ School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
authors: You
authors: Y
authors: Xu
authors: Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/ School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China. wangmufan@msn.com.
authors: Wei
authors: 0000-0002-6822-8162
authors: W
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000523:psychology*; D044466:Asian People; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004412:Dysmenorrhea / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions; D005195:Family Relations / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009769:Object Attachment; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Emotional disturbance; Family relationships; Parental bonding; Primary dysmenorrhea