title: Microbiological Analysis of Necrosols Collected from Urban Cemeteries in Poland.
abstract: Decomposition of organic matter is the primary function in the soil ecosystem, which involves bacteria and fungi. Soil microbial content depends on many factors, and secondary biological and chemical contaminations change and affect environmental feedback. Little work has been done to estimate the microbiological risk for cemetery employees and visitors. The potential risk of infection for people in the cemetery is primarily associated with injury and wound contamination during performing the work. The aim of this study was to analyze the microbiota of cemetery soil obtained from cemeteries and bacterial composition in selected soil layers encountered by gravediggers and cemetery caretakers. The most common bacterial pathogens were Enterococcus spp. (80.6%), Bacillus spp. (77.4%), and E. coli (45.1%). The fungi Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp. were isolated from 51% and 6.4% of samples, respectively. Other bacterial species were in the ground cemetery relatively sparse. Sampling depth was not correlated with bacterial growth (p > 0.05), but it was correlated with several differences in microbiota composition (superficial versus deep layer).
authors: Laboratory of Neurotoxicology and Environmental Diagnosis, Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland.
authors: Ireneusz
authors: I
authors: Całkosiński
authors: Division of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Administration, Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland.
authors: Katarzyna
authors: K
authors: Płoneczka-Janeczko
authors: Laboratory of Neurotoxicology and Environmental Diagnosis, Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland.
authors: Magda
authors: M
authors: Ostapska
authors: Department of Logistics and Transport Systems, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Technology, 50-371 Wroclaw, Poland.
authors: Krzysztof
authors: K
authors: Dudek
authors: Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
authors: Andrzej
authors: A
authors: Gamian
authors: Division of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Administration, Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland.
authors: Krzysztof
authors: K
authors: Rypuła
mesh_terms: D001230:Aspergillus / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D001407:Bacillus / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D055699:Cemeteries; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D064307:Microbiota; D010407:Penicillium / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014853:Walkers