title: The emerging role of multiple antiphospholipid antibodies positivity in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome.
abstract: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by clinical symptoms of vascular thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity in the presence of autoimmune antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Current laboratory APS criteria include the presence of at least one of the three relevant aPL: lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies and anti-β2 glycoprotein I antibodies. Therefore, patients could have a single aPL pattern or combinations of aPL. Evidence arising from clinical experience indicates that patients having the highest aPL titer and simultaneous aPL detected by different tests have a worse prognosis and a higher probability of recurrence of the APS clinical features. In recent years, an emerging role of multiple aPL positivity in the identification of high-risk patients with aPL/APS is evident. This paper will review the current knowledge on the clinical relevance of having single or multiple aPL positivity.
authors: a 1 Department of Physiology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: Ricardo
authors: R
authors: Forastiero
authors: b 2 Italian Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Martinuzzo
mesh_terms: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000382:microbiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid
keywords: antiphospholipid antibodies; antiphospholipid syndrome; arterial thrombosis; pregnancy morbidity; venous thrombosis