title: Household food insufficiency is associated with dietary intake in Korean adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association of food insufficiency with dietary intake and eating and health behaviours.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from a secondary source, the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2012).
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample size consisted of 15 603 adults over 19 years of age (8898 households).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences in socio-economic factors were observed according to food insufficiency level (P<0·05), but BMI was similar among groups. Regarding macronutrients, lower protein intake and higher carbohydrate intake were found in the severely food-insufficient group, but we found no association with fat intake. Regarding micronutrients, Ca, Fe, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin niacin and vitamin C intakes were negatively associated with food insufficiency level (P trend<0·05). Consumption of different food groups, such as meat, fish, eggs and beans, vegetables and fruits, was significantly lower as food insufficiency level decreased after controlling for all possible variables; food group consumption also differed by sex. Overall eating and health behaviours were poorer in the mildly and severely food-insufficient groups, who received more food assistance but less nutritional education.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results showed that dietary intake as well as eating and health behaviours are adversely associated with food insufficiency. These findings suggest that specific strategies to help food-insufficient individuals should be developed in order to improve their dietary quality and health status.
authors: 1Department of Food and Nutrition,Seoul National University,1 Gwanak-ro,Gwanak-gu,Seoul 151-742,Republic of Korea.
authors: Sang Eun
authors: SE
authors: Lee
authors: 2Major of Food and Nutrition,School of Human Ecology,The Catholic University of Korea,Bucheon,Republic of Korea.
authors: Yoon Ju
authors: YJ
authors: Song
authors: 3National Academy of Agricultural Science,Rural Development Administration,Jeonju,Republic of Korea.
authors: Young
authors: Y
authors: Kim
authors: 3National Academy of Agricultural Science,Rural Development Administration,Jeonju,Republic of Korea.
authors: Jeongsook
authors: J
authors: Choe
authors: 1Department of Food and Nutrition,Seoul National University,1 Gwanak-ro,Gwanak-gu,Seoul 151-742,Republic of Korea.
authors: Hee-Young
authors: HY
authors: Paik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004531:Eggs; D002149:Energy Intake; D007887:Fabaceae; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D063105:Food Assistance; D005523:Food Supply; D005638:Fruit; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014675:Vegetables; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Dietary intake; Eating and health behaviour; Food insecurity; Food insufficiency; KNHANES