title: Mitochondrial mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction.
abstract: Endothelial cells play an important physiological role in vascular homeostasis. They are also the first barrier that separates blood from deeper layers of blood vessels and extravascular tissues. Thus, they are exposed to various physiological blood components as well as challenged by pathological stimuli, which may exert harmful effects on the vascular system by stimulation of excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The major sources of ROS are NADPH oxidase and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. Modulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism in endothelial cells is thought to be a promising target for therapy in various cardiovascular diseases. Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is a regulator of mitochondrial ROS generation and can antagonise oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction. Several studies have revealed the important role of UCP2 in hyperglycaemia-induced modifications of mitochondrial function in endothelial cells. Additionally, potassium fluxes through the inner mitochondrial membrane, which are involved in ROS synthesis, affect the mitochondrial volume and change both the mitochondrial membrane potential and the transport of calcium into the mitochondria. In this review, we concentrate on the mitochondrial role in the cytoprotection phenomena of endothelial cells.
authors: Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warszawa, Poland.
authors: Adam
authors: A
authors: Szewczyk
authors: Department of Bioenergetics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.
authors: Wieslawa
authors: W
authors: Jarmuszkiewicz
authors: Department of Bioenergetics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Koziel
authors: Department of Bioenergetics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.
authors: Izabela
authors: I
authors: Sobieraj
authors: Department of Bioenergetics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.
authors: Wioletta
authors: W
authors: Nobik
authors: Department of Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warszawa, Poland.
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Lukasiak
authors: Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warszawa, Poland.
authors: Agata
authors: A
authors: Skup
authors: Department of Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warszawa, Poland.
authors: Piotr
authors: P
authors: Bednarczyk
authors: Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warszawa, Poland.
authors: Beata
authors: B
authors: Drabarek
authors: Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warszawa, Poland.
authors: Dorota
authors: D
authors: Dymkowska
authors: Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warszawa, Poland. Electronic address: A.Wrzosek@nencki.gov.pl.
authors: Antoni
authors: A
authors: Wrzosek
authors: Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warszawa, Poland.
authors: Krzysztof
authors: K
authors: Zablocki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D015221:Potassium Channels; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: Endothelial dysfunction; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial potassium channels; Reactive oxygen species; Uncoupling protein