title: Identification and characterization of ANO9 in stage II and III colorectal carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The precise role and potential underlying mechanisms of anoctamin 9 (ANO9) remain largely unknown. This study aims to characterize the role and oncogenic mechanisms of ANO9 in stage II and III colorectal cancer (CRC).
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the expression of ANO9 in colorectal cancerous tissues and cells using real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Multiple cellular and molecular approaches such as gene transfection, CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, and invasion assay were also performed to explore its oncogenic mechanisms. Furthermore, the clinical significance of ANO9 in clinical CRC specimens was assessed by clinical correlation and survival analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lower expression of ANO9 messenger RNA (mRNA) was frequently detected both in CRC tissues with recurrence and metastasis-derived cell lines. Compared with matched nontumorous tissues, lower expression of ANO9 protein was observed in tumors, which was significantly correlated with tumorigenesis (p < 0.05). In vitro functional studies showed that ANO9 contributed to tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion. Moreover, investigation of clinical CRC specimens showed that ANO9 were markedly overexpressed in metastatic tissue compared with primary tissue. Decreased expression of ANO9 was correlated with poor prognostic outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlighted the role of ANO9 in progression and metastasis of stage II and III CRC. These findings suggested that up-regulation of ANO9, as a metastasis-related gene, could be a novel approach for inhibiting CRC progression.
authors: Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
authors: Chunxiang
authors: C
authors: Li
authors: Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
authors: Sanjun
authors: S
authors: Cai
authors: Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.|Colorectal Cancer Institute of the Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
authors: Xishan
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.|Colorectal Cancer Institute of the Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
authors: Zheng
authors: Z
authors: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000075368:Anoctamins; D017209:Apoptosis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D049294:Phospholipid Transfer Proteins; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D034622:RNA Interference; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012307:Risk Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C570645:ANO9 protein, human; D000075368:Anoctamins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D049294:Phospholipid Transfer Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: ANO9; colorectal cancer; metastasis; prognosis