title: High rate of microbleed formation following primary intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We sought to investigate the frequency of microbleed development following intracerebral hemorrhage in a predominantly African-American population and to identify predictors of new microbleed formation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the frequency and predictors of new microbleeds following intracerebral hemorrhage.
  
  
  METHODS
  The DECIPHER study was a prospective, longitudinal, magnetic resonance-based cohort study designed to evaluate racial/ethnic differences in risk factors for microbleeds and to evaluate the prognostic impact of microbleeds in this intracerebral hemorrhage population. We evaluated new microbleed formation in two time periods: from baseline to 30 days and from 30 days to year 1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 200 subjects enrolled in DECIPHER, 84 had magnetic resonance imaging at all required time points to meet criteria for this analysis. In the baseline to day 30 analysis, 11 (13·1%) had new microbleeds, compared with 25 (29·8%) in the day 30 to year 1 analysis. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that baseline number of microbleeds [odds ratio 1·05 (95% confidence interval 1·01, 1·08), P = 0·01] was associated with new microbleed formation at 30 days. A logistic regression model predicting new microbleed at one-year included baseline number of microbleeds [odds ratio 1·05 (1·00, 1·11), P = 0·046], baseline age [odds ratio 1·05 (1·00, 1·10), P = 0·04], and white matter disease score [odds ratio 1·18 (0·96, 1·45). P = 0·115]. Overall, 28 of 84 (33·3%) intracerebral hemorrhage subjects formed new microbleeds at some point in the first year post-intracerebral hemorrhage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that one-third of intracerebral hemorrhage subjects in this cohort surviving one-year developed new microbleeds, which suggests a dynamic and rapidly progressive vasculopathy. Future studies are needed to examine the impact of new microbleed formation on patient outcomes.
authors: Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors: Jason
authors: J
authors: Mackey
authors: Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors: Jeffrey J
authors: JJ
authors: Wing
authors: Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
authors: Gina
authors: G
authors: Norato
authors: Department of Neurology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
authors: Ian
authors: I
authors: Sobotka
authors: Department of Neurology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.|Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors: Ravi S
authors: RS
authors: Menon
authors: Department of Neurology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.|Central DuPage Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors: Richard E
authors: RE
authors: Burgess
authors: Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: M Chris
authors: MC
authors: Gibbons
authors: Medstar Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA.
authors: Nawar M
authors: NM
authors: Shara
authors: Medstar Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA.
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Fernandez
authors: Department of Neurology, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
authors: Annapurni
authors: A
authors: Jayam-Trouth
authors: Department of Neurology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Russell
authors: Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.|Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
authors: Dorothy F
authors: DF
authors: Edwards
authors: Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.|Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.|Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
authors: Chelsea S
authors: CS
authors: Kidwell
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: MRI; brain bleed; brain microbleeds; cerebral hemorrhage; hemorrhage; intracerebral hemorrhage