title: Validity of Laser Doppler Flowmetry in Predicting Outcome in Murine Intraluminal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) can reliably reflect brain perfusion in experimental stroke by monitoring both the degree and the duration of relative regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Variation in rCBF was continuously monitored in 68 mice undergoing middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and 25 mice undergoing sham-operation and documented as LDF (%). Transcranial LDF changes in the territory of right middle cerebral artery during MCAO procedure were correlated with corrected infarct volume (CIV) and neurological deficit score (NDS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-three C57BL/6 mice (Harlan Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN) between 9 and 11 weeks old were randomly selected and assigned to either MCAO for 45 minutes (n = 68) or sham group (n = 25). Ischemia was induced using the transient intraluminal filament model of MCAO based on Koizumi's method and transcranial LDF was used to measure CBF during the procedure. Neurological deficits were measured at 2 and 23 hours after MCA reperfusion with NDS and 2% triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining of carefully dissected brains was performed at 23 hours after reperfusion to determine infarct area.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO), there was a negative association between LDF drop from base line and NDS at 2 hours (r = -0.43, P = 0.038) and 23 hours (r = -0.61, P = 0.003). Also, a negative correlation was noted between MCA reperfusion LDF and NDS at 23 hours (r = -0.53, P = 0.001). Moreover, post-MCA reperfusion LDF had a positive association with initial CCAO LDF (r = 0.761, P = 0.000) and MCA occlusion LDF (r = 0.31, P = 0.036) in predicting neurological outcome. NDS at 23 hours corresponded well with the infarct volume (r = 0.31, P = 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Greater augmentation of rCBF after MCA reperfusion was associated with improved neurological deficit scoring. Interestingly, greater reduction of regional cerebral blood flow after CCAO was also associated with improved neurological outcomes. The favorable neurological outcome is possibly due to interplay of factors such as vascular reserve, collaterals, and autoregulation mechanisms. We propose LDF changes as an additional noninvasive prognosticator of stroke outcome in the setting of experimental brain ischemia.
authors: Vishnumurthy Shushrutha Hedna and Saeed Ansari contributed equally to this work. ; Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
authors: Vishnumurthy Shushrutha
authors: VS
authors: Hedna
authors: Vishnumurthy Shushrutha Hedna and Saeed Ansari contributed equally to this work. ; Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA ; Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
authors: Saeed
authors: S
authors: Ansari
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Shima
authors: S
authors: Shahjouei
authors: Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA ; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
authors: Peter Y
authors: PY
authors: Cai
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
authors: Abdullah Shafique
authors: AS
authors: Ahmad
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Mocco
authors: Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institute, St. Cloud MN 56303.
authors: Adnan I
authors: AI
authors: Qureshi
keywords: intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion; ischemic stroke; laser doppler flowmetry; middle cerebral artery; murine stroke; neurological deficit