title: Association of parental body mass index before pregnancy on infant growth and body composition: Evidence from a pregnancy cohort study in Malaysia.
abstract: Parental body mass index (BMI) is strongly linked with the development of offspring overweight and obesity. However, there are a limited number of studies focusing on the association of parental body mass index before pregnancy on offspring growth and body composition in early life, particularly in developing countries.
  
  
  
  Data from the University Sains Malaysia (USM) Pregnancy Cohort which consists of 153 mother-offspring pairs were used. Data were collected using interview-administered questionnaires and anthropometric measurements were also obtained. Multiple linear regression and generalised equation estimation (GEE) were used to examine the direction and impact of the association between parental BMI and child growth and body composition (weight for age, height for age, body mass index for age, weight for height and fat mass at age 2m, 6m, and 12m). Potential confounders, including validated measures of maternal diets and physical activity during pregnancy, were considered.
  
  
  
  Of 153 parents, one-quarter of the mothers and 42.2% of the fathers, respectively, were overweight or obese before pregnancy. A significant association was found between maternal BMI and child's weight for height z-score (WHZ) and body mass index for age z-score (BAZ).
  
  
  
  Having high pre-pregnancy BMI may increase BMI and WAZ of offspring in early life. Findings from this study emphasise the importance of monitoring maternal weight status, particularly before and during pregnancy and early life of offspring among Malaysians.
authors: School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Australia; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia. Electronic address: nurzalinda.zalbahar@uq.net.au.
authors: Nurzalinda
authors: N
authors: Zalbahar
authors: School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia.
authors: Hamid Jan B
authors: HJ
authors: Jan Mohamed
authors: School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia.
authors: See Ling
authors: SL
authors: Loy
authors: School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Australia; School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Australia.
authors: Jake
authors: J
authors: Najman
authors: School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Australia; Mater Research, The University of Queensland, Australia.
authors: Harold David
authors: HD
authors: McIntyre
authors: School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Australia.
authors: Abdullah
authors: A
authors: Mamun
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D009765:Obesity; D050177:Overweight; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Infant body composition; Infant growth; Parental BMI