title: Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or both on psychological health in adolescents with obesity: The HEARTY randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of aerobic training, resistance training, and combined training on mood, body image, and self-esteem in adolescents with obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  After a 4-week prerandomization treatment, 304 postpubertal adolescents (91 males, 213 females) with obesity ages 14-18 years were randomized to 1 of 4 groups for 22 weeks: aerobic training (n = 75), resistance training (n = 78), combined aerobic and resistance training (n = 75), or nonexercising control (n = 76). All participants received dietary counseling, with a daily energy deficit of 250 kcal. Mood was measured using the Brunel Mood Scale. Body image was assessed using the Multiple Body Self-Relations Questionnaire, and physical self-perceptions and global self-esteem were measured using the Harter Physical Self-Perceptions Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median adherence was 62%, 56%, and 64% in aerobic, resistance, and combined training, respectively. Resistance and combined training produced greater improvements than control on vigor, and resistance training reduced depressive symptoms. All groups improved on body image and physical self-perceptions, but combined showed greater increases than control on perceived physical conditioning, while only resistance training showed greater increases than controls on global self-esteem. Both combined and resistance training demonstrated greater increases in perceived strength than control. Psychological benefits were more related to better adherence and reductions in body fat than changes in strength or fitness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resistance training, alone or in combination with aerobic training, may provide psychological benefits in adolescents with overweight or obesity, and therefore could be an alternative to aerobic training for some individuals in the biological and psychological management of adolescent obesity.
authors: Healthy Active Living & Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute.
authors: Gary S
authors: GS
authors: Goldfield
authors: School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa.
authors: Glen P
authors: GP
authors: Kenny
authors: Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary.
authors: Angela S
authors: AS
authors: Alberga
authors: School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa.
authors: Denis
authors: D
authors: Prud'homme
authors: Centre for Healthy Active Living, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute.
authors: Stasia
authors: S
authors: Hadjiyannakis
authors: Crabtree Laboratories, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University.
authors: Réjeanne
authors: R
authors: Gougeon
authors: Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute.
authors: Penny
authors: P
authors: Phillips
authors: Prevention & Rehabilitation Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute.
authors: Heather
authors: H
authors: Tulloch
authors: Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute.
authors: Janine
authors: J
authors: Malcolm
authors: Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, Dalhousie University.
authors: Steve
authors: S
authors: Doucette
authors: Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute.
authors: George A
authors: GA
authors: Wells
authors: Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute.
authors: Jinhui
authors: J
authors: Ma
authors: Healthy Active Living & Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute.
authors: Jameason D
authors: JD
authors: Cameron
authors: Departments of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary.
authors: Ronald J
authors: RJ
authors: Sigal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D001828:Body Image / Q000523:psychology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods; D012649:Self Concept; D016896:Treatment Outcome