title: Microbe-associated immunomodulatory metabolites: Influence on T cell fate and function.
abstract: During the past two decades, a growing interest surrounding the interaction between microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and pattern recognition receptors has occurred. This attention is now driven alongside bacterial-derived metabolites, which impact immune cell differentiation and function. Hence, this review introduces the term meta-MAMP as a means to classify the microbial derived-metabolites, which influence the immune response by affecting specific cellular processes. We discuss two prominent examples of meta-MAMPs: the first, rapamycin (isolated from Streptomyces), was discovered in the 1970s and since then has been thoroughly studied. The second, soraphen A (isolated from Myxobacteria), was discovered in the early 1990s but only recently identified as a promising immunomodulator. Both meta-MAMPs are similar in their remarkable capacity to modulate T cell fate by targeting key metabolic pathways triggered upon T cell activation. In this context, we highlight the progress made in the field of immunometabolism and the possibility of modulating metabolic pathways such as cellular fatty acid metabolism as a strategy for immunomodulation. We focus on the use of microbial metabolites as auspicious agents for T cell fate modulation.
authors: Institut für Infektionsimmunologie, TWINCORE - Zentrum f. Experimentelle und Klinische Infektionsforschung GmbH a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig and the Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany. Electronic address: carla.castro@twincore.de.
authors: C N
authors: CN
authors: Castro
authors: Institut für Infektionsimmunologie, TWINCORE - Zentrum f. Experimentelle und Klinische Infektionsforschung GmbH a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig and the Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Freitag
authors: Institut für Infektionsimmunologie, TWINCORE - Zentrum f. Experimentelle und Klinische Infektionsforschung GmbH a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig and the Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Berod
authors: Institut für Infektionsimmunologie, TWINCORE - Zentrum f. Experimentelle und Klinische Infektionsforschung GmbH a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig and the Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Lochner
authors: Institut für Infektionsimmunologie, TWINCORE - Zentrum f. Experimentelle und Klinische Infektionsforschung GmbH a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig and the Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Sparwasser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D000069452:Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000069452:Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules
keywords: Fatty acid synthesis; Glycolysis; Immunometabolism; Rapamycin; Soraphen A; T cell fate; meta-MAMPs