American Black Bears as Hosts of Blacklegged Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in the Northeastern United States.
Ticks and whole blood were collected from American black bears (Ursus americanus Pallas) between October 2011 and October 2012 across four counties in northwestern New Jersey, an area where blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis Say) and their associated tick-borne pathogens are prevalent. Adult American dog ticks (Dermacentor variabilis Say) were the most frequently collected tick species in late spring, whereas adult and nymphal blacklegged ticks were found in both the late spring and fall months. Additionally, for blacklegged ticks, we determined the quality of bloodmeals that females acquired from black bears compared with bloodmeals from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman), the most important host for the adult stage of this tick species. Measures of fecundity after feeding on each host species were not significantly different, suggesting that the bloodmeal a female blacklegged tick acquires from a black bear is of similar quality to that obtained from a white-tailed deer. These results establish the American black bear as both a host and quality bloodmeal source to I. scapularis. Thus, black bears may help support blacklegged tick populations in areas where they are both present. In addition, samples of black bear blood were tested for DNA presence of three tick-borne pathogens. Anaplasma phagocytophilum Foggie and Babesia microti Franca were found in 9.2 and 32.3% of blood samples, respectively. All blood samples were quantitative polymerase chain reaction-negative for Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigerwalt, & Brenner. Although circulating pathogens were found in blood, the status of black bears as reservoirs for these pathogens remains unknown.
Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Rd., Bronx, NY, 10458. Vector Ecology Laboratory, Louis Calder Center-Biological Field Station, Fordham University, PO Box 887, Armonk, NY 10504.
Christine P
CP
Zolnik
Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Rd., Bronx, NY, 10458.
Amanda M
AM
Makkay
New York State Department of Health, Louis Calder Center, 53 Whippoorwill Rd., Armonk, NY, 10504.
Richard C
RC
Falco
Vector Ecology Laboratory, Louis Calder Center-Biological Field Station, Fordham University, PO Box 887, Armonk, NY 10504. thdaniels@fordham.edu.
Thomas J
TJ
Daniels
D041081:Anaplasma phagocytophilum / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D041001:Babesia microti / Q000502:physiology; D001404:Babesiosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission; D025065:Borrelia burgdorferi / Q000502:physiology; D016873:Ehrlichiosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission; D005260:Female; D018884:Ixodes / Q000502:physiology*; D008193:Lyme Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission; D008297:Male; D009515:New Jersey / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D001503:Ursidae / Q000469:parasitology*
American black bear; Babesia microti; Ixodes scapularis; Ursus americanus; blacklegged tick