Characterization of aerosols and fibers emitted from composite materials combustion.
This work investigates the aerosols emitted during combustion of aircraft and naval structural composite materials (epoxy resin/carbon fibers and vinyl ester/glass fibers and carbon nanotubes). Combustion tests were performed at lab-scale using a modified cone calorimeter. The aerosols emitted have been characterized using various metrological devices devoted to the analysis of aerosols. The influence of the nature of polymer matrices, the incorporation of fibers and carbon nanotubes as well as glass reinforcements on the number concentration and the size distribution of airborne particles produced, was studied in the 5 nm-10 μm range. Incorporation of carbon fibers into epoxy resin significantly reduced the total particle number concentration. In addition, the interlaced orientation of carbon fibers limited the particles production compared to the composites with unidirectional one. The carbon nanotubes loading in vinyl ester resin composites influenced the total particles production during the flaming combustion with changes during kinetics emission. Predominant populations of airborne particles generated during combustion of all tested composites were characterized by a PN50 following by PN(100-500).
Laboratoire national de métrologie et d'essais (LNE), Pole Energie, Environnement et Combustion, 29, avenue Roger Hennequin, 78197 Trappes, France. Electronic address: carine.chivas-joly@lne.fr.
C
C
Chivas-Joly
Laboratoire national de métrologie et d'essais (LNE), Département métrologie des gaz et des aérosols, 1 rue Gaston Boissier, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
F
F
Gaie-Levrel
Laboratoire national de métrologie et d'essais (LNE), Département métrologie des gaz et des aérosols, 1 rue Gaston Boissier, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
C
C
Motzkus
Laboratoire national de métrologie et d'essais (LNE), Plateforme CARMEN, 29, avenue Roger Hennequin, 78197 Trappes, France.
S
S
Ducourtieux
Laboratoire national de métrologie et d'essais (LNE), Plateforme CARMEN, 29, avenue Roger Hennequin, 78197 Trappes, France.
A
A
Delvallée
Laboratoire national de métrologie et d'essais (LNE), Pole Energie, Environnement et Combustion, 29, avenue Roger Hennequin, 78197 Trappes, France.
F
F
De Lagos
DGA-Aeronautical Systems, 47 rue Saint-Jean, 31130 Balma, France.
S Le
SL
Nevé
DCNS Research, Indret, 44620 La Montagne, France.
J
J
Gutierrez
Centre des Matériaux des Mines d'Alès (C2MA), 6 Avenue de Clavières, 30319 Alès Cedex, France.
J-M
JM
Lopez-Cuesta
Aerosol released; Combustion; Composites; Cone calorimeter; Nanoparticles