Friend or foe: differential responses of rice to invasion by mutualistic or pathogenic fungi revealed by RNAseq and metabolite profiling.
The rice endophyte Harpophora oryzae shares a common pathogenic ancestor with the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Direct comparison of the interactions between a single plant species and two closely-related (1) pathogenic and (2) mutualistic fungi species can improve our understanding of the evolution of the interactions between plants and fungi that lead to either mutualistic or pathogenic interactions. Differences in the metabolome and transcriptome of rice in response to challenge by H. or M. oryzae were investigated with GC-MS, RNA-seq, and qRT-PCR. Levels of metabolites of the shikimate and lignin biosynthesis pathways increased continuously in the M. oryzae-challenged rice roots (Mo-roots); these pathways were initially induced, but then suppressed, in the H. oryzae-challenged rice roots (Ho-roots). Compared to control samples, concentrations of sucrose and maltose were reduced in the Ho-roots and Mo-roots. The expression of most genes encoding enzymes involved in glycolysis and the TCA cycle were suppressed in the Ho-roots, but enhanced in the Mo-roots. The suppressed glycolysis in Ho-roots would result in the accumulation of glucose and fructose which was not detected in the Mo-roots. A novel co-evolution pattern of fungi-host interaction is proposed which highlights the importance of plant host in the evolution of fungal symbioses.
State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Xi-Hui
XH
Xu
State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Chen
C
Wang
State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Shu-Xian
SX
Li
State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Zhen-Zhu
ZZ
Su
Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
Hui-Na
HN
Zhou
State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Li-Juan
LJ
Mao
State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Xiao-Xiao
XX
Feng
Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
Ping-Ping
PP
Liu
Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
Xia
X
Chen
Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
John
J
Hugh Snyder
Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), c/o Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
Christian P
CP
Kubicek
State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Chu-Long
CL
Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.|Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
Fu-Cheng
FC
Lin
D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D019295:Computational Biology; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics; D009154:Mutation; D012275:Oryza / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013559:Symbiosis; D059467:Transcriptome