Development of an air-flow-assisted extractive electrospray ionization source for rapid analysis of phthalic acid esters in spirits.
BACKGROUND
Although traditional analytical techniques like gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (MS) offer satisfactory sensitivity and good reproducibility for the detection of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in a variety of matrices, they involve laborious sample pretreatment, are time-consuming, and some are expensive and environmentally unfriendly. Furthermore, there are thousands of spirits on the market; therefore, rapid and high-throughout methods suitable for the consistent detection and quantification of PAEs in spirits are urgently required.


METHODS
A new atmospheric pressure ionization method, named air-flow-assisted extractive electrospray ionization (EESI), has been developed. It is a variant on EESI and possesses the advantages of both EESI and air-flow-assisted ionization for direct analysis of samples without pretreatment. Combined with a quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer, the method was used to directly analyze four PAEs, i.e., dipentyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate and didecyl phthalate, in spirits.


RESULTS
The method exhibits excellent sensitivity, stability and convenience. Four different brands of spirits have been successfully analyzed. The total analysis time for one sample was within 1 min, and the limits of detection and limits of quantification of the samples are located in the range 0.011-0.035 and 0.038-0.087 µg g(-1), respectively. Very good linearities, with correlation coefficients of 0.9758-0.9990, are observed for the samples in the range of 0.035 to 10 µg g(-1).


CONCLUSIONS
The results indicate that the air-flow-assisted EESI combined with tandem mass spectrometry is an effective method for rapid and direct determination of PAEs in spirits without sample pretreatment.
School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
Jiufeng
J
Sun
School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
Wentian
W
Wang
School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
Li
L
Xu
School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
Junguo
J
Dong
Institute of Atmosphere Environment Security and Pollution Control, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
Wei
W
Gao
Institute of Atmosphere Environment Security and Pollution Control, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
Zhengxu
Z
Huang
School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
Ping
P
Cheng
Institute of Atmosphere Environment Security and Pollution Control, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
Zhen
Z
Zhou