Odontogenic and rhinogenic chronic sinusitis: a modern microbiological comparison.
BACKGROUND
Odontogenic sinusitis and sinonasal complications of dental disease or treatment (SCDDT) play a relevant, often underappreciated role in paranasal sinus infections. Treating SCDDT patients requires tailored medical and surgical approaches in order to achieve acceptable success rates. These approaches differ from common rhinogenic sinusitis treatment protocols mostly because of the different etiopathogenesis. Our study comprehensively evaluated microbiology and antibiotic resistance in SCDDT patients and compared findings with a control group of patients affected by rhinogenic sinusitis.


METHODS
We performed microbiological sampling during surgery on 28 patients with SCDDT and 16 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Colonies were isolated, Gram-stained, and the species identified using classic biochemical methods. These results were confirmed by DNA pyrosequencing, and then the resistance profile of each SCDDT isolate to various antibiotics was tested.


RESULTS
Microbial growth was observed in all SCDDT patients, whereas samples from 60% of patients in the control group failed to yield any bacterial growth (p < 0.001). Anaerobes grew in 14% of SCDDT patients as compared to 7% of CRSwNP patients (p = 0.42). Of the isolates from SCDDT patients, 70% were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanate, whereas all isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin, teicoplanin, and vancomycin. Of the staphylococci identified, 80% were capable of producing beta-lactamase.


CONCLUSIONS
Given the extent of microbiological contamination within the maxillary sinus of SCDDT patients, these infections should be regarded as a different class of conditions from rhinogenic sinusitis. Our findings support the need for different approaches in the treatment of SCDDT patients.
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Alberto Maria
AM
Saibene
Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, National Institute for Research and Treatment (IRCCS) Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy.
Christian
C
Vassena
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Carlotta
C
Pipolo
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Mariele
M
Trimboli
Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, National Institute for Research and Treatment (IRCCS) Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy.
Elena
E
De Vecchi
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Giovanni
G
Felisati
Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, National Institute for Research and Treatment (IRCCS) Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy.|Laboratory of Technical Science for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Lorenzo
L
Drago
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000601:surgery; D064307:Microbiota / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D009057:Stomatognathic Diseases / Q000150:complications*
bacteriology; chronic disease; chronic rhinosinusitis; fungal sinusitis; medical therapy of chronic rhinosinusitis; paranasal sinus diseases; rhinosinusitis