Urological consequences following renal transplantation: a review of the literature.
Renal transplant (RT) represents the treatment of choice for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) but harbours a wide range of possible complications and therapeutic challenges of urological competence. Dialysis years and clinical medical background of these patients are risk factors for sexual dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). On the contrary, RT itself may have a number of possible surgical complications such as ureteral stenosis and urinary leakage, while immunosuppressive treatment is a known risk factor for de-novo malignancies.The present review describes the main urologic problems of RT patients and their up-to-date treatment options according to the most recently available literature evidences.
Department of Urology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin - Italy.
Anna
A
Palazzetti
Department of Urology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin - Italy.
Marco
M
Oderda
Department of Urology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin - Italy.
Ettore
E
Dalmasso
Department of Urology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin - Italy.
Marco
M
Falcone
Department of Urology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin - Italy.
Andrea
A
Bosio
Department of Urology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin - Italy.
Omid
O
Sedigh
Department of Urology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin - Italy.
Bruno
B
Frea
Department of Urology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin - Italy.
Paolo
P
Gontero
D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000209:etiology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology