Biosynthesis and Regulation of Bioprotective Alkaloids in the Gramineae Endophytic Fungi with Implications for Herbivores Deterrents.
Four kinds of bioprotective alkaloids-peramine, loline, ergot alkaloid, indole-diterpenes, produced by grass-fungal endophyte symbioses, are deterrents or toxic to vertebrate and invertebrate herbivores. Ergot alkaloids have pharmacological properties and widely are used clinically. The regulation of alkaloids biosynthesis is under intensive study to improve the yield for better agricultural and medicinal application. In this paper, we summarize the structure, related genes, regulation, and toxicity of alkaloids. We focus on the biosynthesis and the regulation network of alkaloids.
Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
Hongping
H
Luo
Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
Longxiang
L
Xie
Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
Jie
J
Zeng
Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China. georgex@swu.edu.cn.
Jianping
J
Xie
D000470:Alkaloids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways; D060026:Endophytes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D005658:Fungi / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D060434:Herbivory / Q000187:drug effects*; D006109:Poaceae / Q000382:microbiology*; D013559:Symbiosis
D000470:Alkaloids