Anxiety, depression, and attachment before and after the first-trimester screening for Down syndrome: comparing couples who undergo ART with those who conceive spontaneously.
OBJECTIVE
This study's aim was to describe the emotional status of parents to be before and after the first-trimester combined prenatal screening test.


METHODS
One hundred three couples participated, of which 52 had undergone an in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment [assisted reproductive technology (ART)] and 51 had conceived spontaneously. Participants completed the state scale of the State-trait Anxiety Inventory, the Edinburgh Depression Scale, and the Maternal and Paternal Antenatal Attachment Questionnaire before the first-trimester combined prenatal screening test at around 12 weeks of gestational age (T1) and just after receiving the results at approximately 14 weeks of gestational age (T2).


RESULTS
We observed a significant decrease in anxiety and depression symptoms and a significant increase in attachment from T1 to T2. Results showed no differences between groups at either time point, which suggests that ART parents are more similar to than different from parents conceiving spontaneously. Furthermore, given the importance of anxiety during pregnancy, a subsample of women with clinical anxiety was identified. They had significantly higher rates of clinical depression and lower attachment.


CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that, regardless of whether conception was through ART or spontaneous, clinical anxiety in women over the prenatal testing period is associated with more vulnerability during pregnancy (i.e. clinical depression and less attachment to fetus).
Institute of Psychotherapy, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Laura
L
Udry-Jørgensen
Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Joëlle
J
Darwiche
FABER Foundation, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Marc
M
Germond
Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics and Genetics, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Dorothea
D
Wunder
Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics and Genetics, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Yvan
Y
Vial
D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted / Q000523:psychology*; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology