Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire (CD-Quest) in a Sample of Undergraduate Students.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to assess the initial psychometric properties of the Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire (CD-Quest) in its Brazilian Portuguese version tested in adult undergraduate students.


METHODS
Brazilian undergraduate medical and psychology students comprising the sample (n=184) completed the following measures: Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory. These self-report instruments were administered collectively in classrooms.


RESULTS
The Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire showed adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.85) and concurrent validity with Beck Depression Inventory (r=0.65, p<0.001) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (r=0.52, p<0.001). Furthermore, it was able to discriminate between groups possessing depressive (Beck Depression Inventory composite score ≥12) and anxious (Beck Anxiety Inventory composite score ≥ 11) indicators from those not possessing them (p<0.001). Principal components showed the measure was unidimensional, and it explained about 29 percent of the data variance. A confirmatory factor analysis showed that all the regression coefficients are greater than or equal to 0.40 CONCLUSION: The original Brazilian version of the Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire is adequate for use in the context of national undergraduate students and is able to separate different cognitive distortions. However, further studies using clinical samples are needed.
Dr. de Oliveira is from the Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health and the Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Dr. Seixas is from the Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Dr. Osório and Dr. Crippa are from the Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, and, and the National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT) for Translational Medicine, Brazil: Dr. Abreu and Dr. Menezes are from the Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Dr. Pidgeon is from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Bond University, Old Coast, Australia; Dr. Sudak is from the Department of Psychiatry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; and Dr. Wenzel is from the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Irismar Reis
IR
de Oliveira
Dr. de Oliveira is from the Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health and the Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Dr. Seixas is from the Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Dr. Osório and Dr. Crippa are from the Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, and, and the National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT) for Translational Medicine, Brazil: Dr. Abreu and Dr. Menezes are from the Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Dr. Pidgeon is from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Bond University, Old Coast, Australia; Dr. Sudak is from the Department of Psychiatry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; and Dr. Wenzel is from the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Camila
C
Seixas
Dr. de Oliveira is from the Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health and the Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Dr. Seixas is from the Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Dr. Osório and Dr. Crippa are from the Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, and, and the National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT) for Translational Medicine, Brazil: Dr. Abreu and Dr. Menezes are from the Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Dr. Pidgeon is from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Bond University, Old Coast, Australia; Dr. Sudak is from the Department of Psychiatry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; and Dr. Wenzel is from the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Flávia L
FL
Osório
Dr. de Oliveira is from the Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health and the Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Dr. Seixas is from the Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Dr. Osório and Dr. Crippa are from the Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, and, and the National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT) for Translational Medicine, Brazil: Dr. Abreu and Dr. Menezes are from the Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Dr. Pidgeon is from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Bond University, Old Coast, Australia; Dr. Sudak is from the Department of Psychiatry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; and Dr. Wenzel is from the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
José Alexandre S
JA
Crippa
Dr. de Oliveira is from the Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health and the Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Dr. Seixas is from the Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Dr. Osório and Dr. Crippa are from the Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, and, and the National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT) for Translational Medicine, Brazil: Dr. Abreu and Dr. Menezes are from the Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Dr. Pidgeon is from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Bond University, Old Coast, Australia; Dr. Sudak is from the Department of Psychiatry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; and Dr. Wenzel is from the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
José Neander
JN
de Abreu
Dr. de Oliveira is from the Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health and the Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Dr. Seixas is from the Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Dr. Osório and Dr. Crippa are from the Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, and, and the National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT) for Translational Medicine, Brazil: Dr. Abreu and Dr. Menezes are from the Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Dr. Pidgeon is from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Bond University, Old Coast, Australia; Dr. Sudak is from the Department of Psychiatry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; and Dr. Wenzel is from the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Igor Gomes
IG
Menezes
Dr. de Oliveira is from the Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health and the Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Dr. Seixas is from the Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Dr. Osório and Dr. Crippa are from the Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, and, and the National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT) for Translational Medicine, Brazil: Dr. Abreu and Dr. Menezes are from the Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Dr. Pidgeon is from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Bond University, Old Coast, Australia; Dr. Sudak is from the Department of Psychiatry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; and Dr. Wenzel is from the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Aileen
A
Pidgeon
Dr. de Oliveira is from the Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health and the Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Dr. Seixas is from the Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Dr. Osório and Dr. Crippa are from the Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, and, and the National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT) for Translational Medicine, Brazil: Dr. Abreu and Dr. Menezes are from the Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Dr. Pidgeon is from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Bond University, Old Coast, Australia; Dr. Sudak is from the Department of Psychiatry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; and Dr. Wenzel is from the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Donna
D
Sudak
Dr. de Oliveira is from the Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health and the Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Dr. Seixas is from the Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Dr. Osório and Dr. Crippa are from the Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, and, and the National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT) for Translational Medicine, Brazil: Dr. Abreu and Dr. Menezes are from the Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Dr. Pidgeon is from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Bond University, Old Coast, Australia; Dr. Sudak is from the Department of Psychiatry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; and Dr. Wenzel is from the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Amy
A
Wenzel
CD-Quest; Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire; Validation; questionnaire