Causes of Vitamin D Deficiency and Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Metabolic Complications in Obesity: a Review.
Obese subjects are often characterized by low plasma 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25OHD) levels. Many explanations for this association have been proposed. Low plasma 25OHD is associated with obesity-related comorbidities such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and low-grade inflammation. In this review, we discuss the proposed mechanisms for low 25OHD in obesity and explore the results of recent RCTs on vitamin D (VD) supplementation on obesity and its metabolic complications such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Although the results from these clinical randomized controlled trials vary, the general picture is that VD treatment of obese individuals does not seem to be an effective treatment of obesity-related metabolic complications.
Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology MEA, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage- Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark. louisewamberg@dadlnet.dk.
Louise
L
Wamberg
Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology MEA, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage- Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark. amtssp@gmail.com.
Steen B
SB
Pedersen
Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology MEA, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage- Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark. rejnmark@post6.tele.dk.
Lars
L
Rejnmark
Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology MEA, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage- Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark. bjoric@rm.dk.
Bjørn
B
Richelsen
D000273:Adipose Tissue; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
Adipose tissue; Inflammation; Insulin resistance; Obesity; Review; Vitamin D