Metabolomic profiling in inner ear fluid by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in guinea pig cochlea.
The composition and homeostasis of inner ear fluids are important in hearing function. The purpose of this study was to perform metabolomic analysis of the inner ear fluid in guinea pig cochlea, which has not been previously reported in literature, using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Seventy-seven kinds of metabolites were detected in the inner ear fluid. Six metabolites, ascorbic acid, fructose, galactosamine, inositol, pyruvate+oxaloacetic acid, and meso-erythritol, were significantly more abundant, and nine metabolites, phosphate, valine, glycine, glycerol, ornithine, glucose, citric acid+isocitric acid, mannose, and trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline, were less abundant in the inner ear fluid than in plasma. The levels of ten metabolites, 3-hydroxy-butyrate, glycerol, fumaric acid, galactosamine, pyruvate+oxaloacetic acid, phosphate, meso-erythritol, citric acid+isocitric acid, mannose, and inositol, in the inner ear fluid significantly changed after loud noise exposure. These observations may help to elucidate various clinical conditions of sensorineural hearing loss, including noise-induced hearing loss.
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
Takeshi
T
Fujita
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan. Electronic address: daiy1013@aol.com.
Daisuke
D
Yamashita
The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
Yasuhiro
Y
Irino
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
Junko
J
Kitamoto
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
Yuriko
Y
Fukuda
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
Go
G
Inokuchi
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
Shingo
S
Hasegawa
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
Naoki
N
Otsuki
The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan; Division of Metabolomics Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
Masaru
M
Yoshida
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
Ken-ichi
K
Nibu
D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000818:Animals; D003051:Cochlea / Q000378:metabolism*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome; D009622:Noise
Cochlea; GC/MS; Inner ear; Metabolomics; Noise-induced hearing loss; Perilymph fluid