The population structure of Staphylococcus aureus in China and Europe assessed by multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis; clues to geographical origins of emergence and dissemination.
To compare the genetic population structure of Staphylococcus aureus from China and Europe, 1294 human isolates were characterized by multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). In total, MLVA identified 17 MLVA complexes (MCs), comprising 260 MLVA types (MTs) among the Chinese isolates and 372 MTs among the European isolates. The five most frequent MCs among the Chinese isolates belonged to MC398, MC5 subclade a, MC8, MC437 and MC7 and made up 55% of the sample. For the European isolates, the five most frequent MCs consisted of MC5 subclade a, MC45, MC8, MC30 and MC22, which accounted for 64% of the sample. Phylogeographic analysis of the major MCs shared between China and Europe points to a European origin of MC8 but cannot provide a consistent signal for MC5 subclade a, probably indicating a different origin. Diversity and frequency distributions of other lineages were also compared. Altogether, this study provides the first snapshot of two extant populations of S. aureus from Europe and China, and important clues on the emergence and dissemination of different lineages of S. aureus.
State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, The Netherlands; Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
X
X
Yan
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
L M
LM
Schouls
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
G N
GN
Pluister
State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
X
X
Tao
Heilongjiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Harbin, China.
X
X
Yu
Heilongjiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Harbin, China.
J
J
Yin
Chaoyang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Y
Y
Song
Anhui Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China.
S
S
Hu
Chaoyang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
F
F
Luo
Anhui Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China.
W
W
Hu
State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
L
L
He
State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
F
F
Meng
Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, The Netherlands.
T
T
Donker
Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, The Netherlands.
E
E
Tsompanidou
Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, The Netherlands.
J M
JM
van Dijl
State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China. Electronic address: zhangjianzhong@icdc.cn.
J
J
Zhang
Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: h.grundmann@umcg.nl.
H
H
Grundmann
D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D058889:Molecular Typing; D058974:Phylogeography; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification
Epidemiology; Staphylococcus aureus; methicillin-resistant; molecular methods; multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis