Chronic consumption of a low-fat diet improves cardiometabolic risk factors according to the CLOCK gene in patients with coronary heart disease.
METHODS
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) gene have been associated with cardiometabolic conditions such as obesity and dyslipidemia. Our aim was to examine whether the chronic consumption of two healthy diets interacts with SNPs of the CLOCK gene in order to improve lipid metabolism and inflammation status in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).


RESULTS
The diets were low-fat (LF) diet and Mediterranean diet (MedDiet). CLOCK SNPs (rs1801260, rs3749474, rs4580704) and the study procedures were performed in 897 patients from the CORDIOPREV clinical trial. After 12 months of intervention, we found significant gene-diet interactions between rs4580704 SNP and the LF diet. Specifically, major allele carriers C/C displayed a greater decrease in high sensitivity C-reactive protein (p < 0.001) and a significant increase in HDL/apolipoprotein A1 ratio (p = 0.029) than minor G allele carriers (G/G + C/G). No other gene-diet interactions were observed in this research.


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that rs4580704 SNP interacts with the LF diet improving inflammation status and dyslipidemia related with CHD. The shift toward "personalized nutrition" based on gene-nutrient interactions may be suitable for promoting cardiovascular health in patients with CHD.
Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.|CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Francisco
F
Gomez-Delgado
Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.|CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Antonio
A
Garcia-Rios
Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.|CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Juan Francisco
JF
Alcala-Diaz
Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.|CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Oriol
O
Rangel-Zuñiga
Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.|CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Javier
J
Delgado-Lista
Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.|CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Elena M
EM
Yubero-Serrano
Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.|CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Javier
J
Lopez-Moreno
CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Biomedical Research Laboratory, Endocrinology Department, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain.
Francisco Jose
FJ
Tinahones
Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, J.M.-US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
Jose M
JM
Ordovas
Department of physiology, University of Murcia, IMIB, Murcia, Spain.
Marta
M
Garaulet
Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.|CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Jose
J
Lopez-Miranda
Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.|CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Pablo
P
Perez-Martinez
D056926:CLOCK Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000069463:Olive Oil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012307:Risk Factors
D000069463:Olive Oil; D056926:CLOCK Proteins; C538943:CLOCK protein, human
CLOCK gene; CORDIOPREV clinical trial; Coronary heart disease; Gene-diet interaction; Lipid metabolism