Stem Cell Differentiation Toward the Myogenic Lineage for Muscle Tissue Regeneration: A Focus on Muscular Dystrophy.
Skeletal muscle tissue engineering is one of the important ways for regenerating functionally defective muscles. Among the myopathies, the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive disease due to mutations of the dystrophin gene leading to progressive myofiber degeneration with severe symptoms. Although current therapies in muscular dystrophy are still very challenging, important progress has been made in materials science and in cellular technologies with the use of stem cells. It is therefore useful to review these advances and the results obtained in a clinical point of view. This article focuses on the differentiation of stem cells into myoblasts, and their application in muscular dystrophy. After an overview of the different stem cells that can be induced to differentiate into the myogenic lineage, we introduce scaffolding materials used for muscular tissue engineering. We then described some widely used methods to differentiate different types of stem cell into myoblasts. We highlight recent insights obtained in therapies for muscular dystrophy. Finally, we conclude with a discussion on stem cell technology. We discussed in parallel the benefits brought by the evolution of the materials and by the expansion of cell sources which can differentiate into myoblasts. We also discussed on future challenges for clinical applications and how to accelerate the translation from the research to the clinic in the frame of DMD.
WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
Serge
S
Ostrovidov
National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction & School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.
Xuetao
X
Shi
WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
Ramin Banan
RB
Sadeghian
WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
Sahar
S
Salehi
Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.
Toshinori
T
Fujie
College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea.
Hojae
H
Bae
WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.|Christian Medical College Bagayam Campus, Centre for Stem Cell Research, Vellore, 632002, India.
Murugan
M
Ramalingam
WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan. alik@mit.edu.|College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea. alik@mit.edu.|Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02139, USA. alik@mit.edu.|Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. alik@mit.edu.|Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. alik@mit.edu.|Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21569, Saudi Arabia. alik@mit.edu.
Ali
A
Khademhosseini
D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D024510:Muscle Development / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D020388:Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / Q000628:therapy*; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
DMD; Muscle; Muscular dystrophy; Scaffold; Stem cells; Tissue engineering