Subcellular Localization of Proteins Responding to Mitoxantrone-Induced DNA Damage in Leukaemic Cells.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the subcellular localization of proteins participating in the double-strand break response pathway - p53, Mdm2, p21 and Chk2. MOLT-4 cells were pre-treated with mitoxantrone in concentrations 1 nmol/l and 5 nmol/l. The trypan blue technique was used to determine cell viability and proliferation. Western blotting was used to evaluate changes in p53, Mdm2 and Chk2 protein expression and sandwich ELISA was used to evaluate changes in the p21 protein amount. After 1 nmol/l mitoxantrone cells did not die, but their ability to proliferate was decreased. The p53 protein was activated and phosphorylated at serines 15 and 392 and accumulated in the nucleus after 24 and 48 h. The Mdm2 protein was present in the cytoplasm with its maximal level after 8 and 16 h. The p21 protein was detected in the nucleus after 24 and 48 h. Increased levels of phosphorylated Chk2 at threonine 68 were observed in the cytoplasmic fraction after 24 and 48 h of mitoxantrone treatment. We used mitoxantrone as an inducer of double-strand breaks to bring new data about the subcellular distribution of proteins responding to DNA damage. In MOLT-4 cells, the p53 protein was activated. p53 was phosphorylated at serines 15 and 392 and accumulated in the nucleus. The Mdm2 protein was activated in advance to p53 and occurred in the cytoplasm. The p21 protein was present in the nucleus. Chk2 kinase was activated by the phosphorylation at threonine 68 and we observed increased levels of this protein in the cytoplasmic fraction.
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
J
J
Ćmielová
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
M
M
Lesná
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
M
M
Řezáčová
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000032:analysis; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000737:chemistry; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded; D004260:DNA Repair; D006801:Humans; D008942:Mitoxantrone / Q000633:toxicity*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D010766:Phosphorylation; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000473:pathology*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D021381:Protein Transport; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000187:drug effects*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D008942:Mitoxantrone; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; C578634:CHEK2 protein, human