Lower extremity musculoskeletal disorders in nurses: A narrative literature review.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the narrative review was to describe and analyze lower extremity musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in nurses and to identify factors associated with these disorders. The ultimate goal was to promote lower extremity health in nurses by recognizing factors that could improve their well-being at work.


METHODS
A systematic search on the Medline, CINAHL, and PsychInfo databases was conducted, producing altogether 945 citations, of which 35 were selected for this review. The studies were analyzed by content analysis.


RESULTS
Nurses have different MSDs in their lower extremities, with which the knee, foot, and ankle being most commonly affected. These problems are often correlated, and problems in the ankle can first appear as knee problems.


CONCLUSIONS
Musculoskeletal disorders in lower extremities and their resulting disability are common within the nursing workforce worldwide, representing a major cause of sick leave absence and often leading to long-term absence.
Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland minna.stolt@utu.fi.
Minna
M
Stolt
Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Riitta
R
Suhonen
Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Turku, Finland.
Petri
P
Virolainen
Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Helena
H
Leino-Kilpi
D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D033262:Narration; D009726:Nurses; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors
Musculoskeletal disorders; lower extremity; narrative review; nursing; work well-being