Effects of pH and fluoride concentration of dentifrices on fluoride levels in saliva, biofilm, and biofilm fluid in vivo.
BACKGROUND
Acidic dentifrices have been shown to be more effective than neutral ones against dental caries using in vitro, in situ, and clinical protocols.


OBJECTIVE
Given the scarcity of studies assessing intraoral fluoride (F) retention after using such formulations, the present study evaluated the influence of pH and F concentration of dentifrices on F uptake by saliva, biofilm, and biofilm fluid.


METHODS
Volunteers (n = 22) were randomly assigned to dentifrices containing 0 (placebo), 550 (LFD, low-fluoride dentifrice), and 1100 ppm F (CD, conventional dentifrice) at pH 4.5 and 7.0 and brushed their teeth 3 times/day following a double-blind, crossover protocol. Saliva and biofilm samples were collected after 7 days of using the dentifrices, 1 and approximately 12 h after last brushing. F and calcium (Ca) analyses were performed with the inverted electrode after buffering with TISAB III and the Arsenazo III method, respectively. Data were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA, Tukey's HSD test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient (p < 0.05).


RESULTS
F concentrations in biofilm fluid and whole biofilm 1 h after brushing with acidic F-toothpastes were higher than those related to neutral counterparts, although the differences were small and not significant; no increases were observed in salivary F concentrations influenced by dentifrice pH. Moreover, no definite trend was observed for Ca concentrations in these compartments.


CONCLUSIONS
Dentifrice pH had some influence on F uptake by the biofilm fluid, having lesser or no impact on F uptake by the biofilm and saliva, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Toothbrushing with acidic toothpastes leads to slight increases in F concentrations in the biofilm fluid when compared to neutral formulations, which may contribute to the higher anticaries effect of acidic formulations.
Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio 1193, CEP: 16015-050, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
Karina Yuri
KY
Kondo
Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
Marília Afonso Rabelo
MA
Buzalaf
Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio 1193, CEP: 16015-050, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
Michele Mauricio
MM
Manarelli
Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio 1193, CEP: 16015-050, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
Alberto Carlos Botazzo
AC
Delbem
Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio 1193, CEP: 16015-050, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. jpessan@foa.unesp.br.
Juliano Pelim
JP
Pessan
D000328:Adult; D018441:Biofilms; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D014099:Toothbrushing
D003802:Dentifrices; D005459:Fluorides
Biofilm; Biofilm fluid; Dental plaque; Dentifrices; Fluoride; Saliva