The effectiveness of VIPP-V parenting training for parents of young children with a visual or visual-and-intellectual disability: study protocol of a multicenter randomized controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
Visual or visual-and-intellectual disabilities of children make daily interactions more difficult for their parents and may impact the quality of the parent-child relationship. To support these parents, an existing intervention (Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting; VIPP; Juffer F, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van IJzendoorn MH, 2008. Promoting positive parenting; an attachment-based intervention. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2008) was adapted for use with parents of children with a visual or visual-and-intellectual disability (VIPP-V). This attachment-based intervention was hypothesized to support parents' interpretation and understanding of the behavior of their child with a visual or visual-and-intellectual disability and respond to their child's signals in a sensitive way to improve parent-child interaction quality.


METHODS
A randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be conducted to assess the effectiveness of the adapted intervention VIPP-V (Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting in parents of children with Visual or visual-and-intellectual disabilities). Parent-child dyads will be randomized into two groups: 50 dyads will receive VIPP-V in combination with care-as-usual and 50 dyads will receive care-as-usual. Families with a child (1-5 years of age) with a visual or visual-and-intellectual disability will be recruited for participation in the study. Primary outcome measures are parental sensitivity and the quality of parent-child interaction. Secondary outcome measures are parental self-efficacy, and parenting stress. To assess feasibility of implementation of the intervention the experiences of early intervention workers with regard to using VIPP-V are assessed. Moderator variables are the child's developmental age, working alliance between parent and VIPP-V intervention worker and empathy of the VIPP-V intervention worker. Data will be collected approximately one week before the intervention starts (T1), one week (T2) and three months (T3) after the intervention. Parent-child dyads in the care-as-usual-only condition will be assessed at the same time points. Both intention-to-treat and completer analyses will be performed.


CONCLUSIONS
Descriptive findings in pilot cases suggest benefits from VIPP-V, and compatibility with existing services for parents of children with a visual or visual-and-intellectual disability. The current study will provide insight into the effectiveness of this intervention for parents of children with a visual or visual-and-intellectual disability, and, if the intervention is effective, prepare the field for broad-scale implementation.


BACKGROUND
Nederlands Trial Register NTR4306 (registered 5 December 2013).
Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, VU University, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.m.overbeek@vu.nl.|EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.m.overbeek@vu.nl.
Mathilde M
MM
Overbeek
Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, VU University, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. p.s.sterkenburg@vu.nl.|EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. p.s.sterkenburg@vu.nl.|Bartiméus, Doorn, The Netherlands. p.s.sterkenburg@vu.nl.
Paula S
PS
Sterkenburg
Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, VU University, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. s.kef@vu.nl.|EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. s.kef@vu.nl.
Sabina
S
Kef
Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, VU University, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. c.schuengel@vu.nl.|EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. c.schuengel@vu.nl.
Carlo
C
Schuengel
D000367:Age Factors; D002652:Child Behavior; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019988:Children with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D030141:Feedback, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D057194:Intention to Treat Analysis; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D009769:Object Attachment; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education* / Q000523:psychology; D012107:Research Design; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014741:Video Recording; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D019987:Persons with Visual Disabilities / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*