Clinical Applications of Cystoscopy in Chelonians.
The medical approach to chelonians can be challenging. Cystoscopy may be useful to evaluate morphologic changes in the viscera without the need of celiotomy, and is a valuable diagnostic tool. The size and transparency of the urinary bladder in chelonians allows visualization of most coelomic organs. Through cystoscopy the external aspect of stomach, intestine, heart, lungs, liver, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, testes, and ovaries may be visualized. Although a definitive diagnosis cannot be achieved, rapid identification of the diseased system through cystoscopy may be possible. Furthermore, cystoscopy is fundamental for diagnosis and treatment of lower urogenital disorders.
Clinica per Animali Esotici, Centro Veterinario Specialistico, Via Sandro Giovannini 53, Roma 00137, Italy.
Nicola
N
Di Girolamo
Clinica per Animali Esotici, Centro Veterinario Specialistico, Via Sandro Giovannini 53, Roma 00137, Italy. Electronic address: paolsell@gmail.com.
Paolo
P
Selleri
D000818:Animals; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D014426:Turtles / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000033:anatomy & histology
Celioscopy; Chelonians; Cystoscopy; Liver; Tortoises; Turtles