Nanoleakage in Hybrid Layer and Acid-Base Resistant Zone at the Adhesive/Dentin Interface.
The aim of interfacial nanoleakage evaluation is to gain a better understanding of degradation of the adhesive-dentin interface. The acid-base resistant zone (ABRZ) is recognized at the bonded interface under the hybrid layer (HL) in self-etch adhesive systems after an acid-base challenge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate nanoleakage in HL and ABRZ using three self-etch adhesives; Clearfil SE Bond (SEB), Clearfil SE One (SEO), and G-Bond Plus (GBP). One of the three adhesives was applied on the ground dentin surface and light cured. The specimens were longitudinally divided into two halves. One half remained as the control group. The others were immersed in ammoniacal silver nitrate solution, followed by photo developing solution under fluorescent light. Following this, the specimens were subjected to acid-base challenges with an artificial demineralization solution (pH4.5) and sodium hypochlorite, and prepared in accordance with common procedures for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination. The TEM images revealed silver depositions in HL and ABRZ due to nanoleakage in all the adhesives; however, the extent of nanoleakage was material dependent. Funnel-shaped erosion beneath the ABRZ was observed only in the all-in-one adhesive systems; SEO and GBP, but not in the two-step self-etch adhesive system; SEB.
1Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry,Division of Oral Health Sciences,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences,Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU),1-5-45,Yushima,Bunkyo-ku,Tokyo 113-8549,Japan.
Toru
T
Nikaido
2Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences,University of California,Box 0758,707 Parnassus Ave.,San Francisco,CA 94143-0758,USA.
Hamid
H
Nurrohman
1Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry,Division of Oral Health Sciences,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences,Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU),1-5-45,Yushima,Bunkyo-ku,Tokyo 113-8549,Japan.
Tomohiro
T
Takagaki
3Biomimetics Biomaterials Biophotonics & Technology Laboratory,Department of Restorative Dentistry,University of Washington School of Dentistry;1959 NE Pacific St.,Box 357456,Seattle,WA 98195-7456,USA.
Alireza
A
Sadr
4Instrumental Analysis Research Center,Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU);1-5-45,Yushima,Bunkyo-ku,Tokyo 113-8549,Japan.
Shizuko
S
Ichinose
1Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry,Division of Oral Health Sciences,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences,Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU),1-5-45,Yushima,Bunkyo-ku,Tokyo 113-8549,Japan.
Junji
J
Tagami
D000143:Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000468:Alkalies / Q000378:metabolism*; D003738:Dental Cements; D003763:Dental Leakage; D003804:Dentin; D006801:Humans; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008963:Molar; D012834:Silver / Q000378:metabolism; D013194:Staining and Labeling
D000143:Acids; D000468:Alkalies; D003738:Dental Cements; C000212:ammoniacal silver; D012834:Silver
HL; TEM; acid–base resistant zone; dentin bonding; nanoleakage; self-etch system