A bioactive hybrid three-dimensional tissue-engineering construct for cartilage repair.
The aim was to develop a hybrid three-dimensional-tissue engineering construct for chondrogenesis. The hypothesis was that they support chondrogenesis. A biodegradable, highly porous polycaprolactone-grate was produced by solid freeform fabrication. The polycaprolactone support was coated with a chitosan/polyethylene oxide nanofibre sheet produced by electrospinning. Transforming growth factor-β3-induced chondrogenesis was followed using the following markers: sex determining region Y/-box 9, runt-related transcription factor 2 and collagen II and X in quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, histology and immunostaining. A polycaprolactone-grate and an optimized chitosan/polyethylene oxide nanofibre sheet supported cellular aggregation, chondrogenesis and matrix formation. In tissue engineering constructs, the sheets were seeded first with mesenchymal stem cells and then piled up according to the lasagne principle. The advantages of such a construct are (1) the cells do not need to migrate to the tissue engineering construct and therefore pore size and interconnectivity problems are omitted and (2) the cell-tight nanofibre sheet and collagen-fibre network mimic a cell culture platform for mesenchymal stem cells/chondrocytes (preventing escape) and hinders in-growth of fibroblasts and fibrous scarring (preventing capture). This allows time for the slowly progressing, multiphase true cartilage regeneration.
Clinicum, Institute of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland mari.ainola@helsinki.fi.
Mari
M
Ainola
Institute of Biopolymers and Chemical Fibres, Lodz, Poland.
Waclaw
W
Tomaszewski
Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
Barbara
B
Ostrowska
Institute of Biopolymers and Chemical Fibres, Lodz, Poland.
Ewa
E
Wesolowska
Department of Materials & Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
H Daniel
HD
Wagner
Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
Wojciech
W
Swieszkowski
Clinicum, Institute of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Tarvo
T
Sillat
Clinicum, Institute of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
Emilia
E
Peltola
Clinicum, Institute of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ORTON Orthopaedic Hospital of the Invalid Foundation, Helsinki, Finland COXA Hospital for Joint Replacement, Tampere, Finland.
Yrjö T
YT
Konttinen
D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development*; D002449:Cell Aggregation / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
D011091:Polyesters; C016240:polycaprolactone
Scaffold; cartilage; chitosan; chondrogenesis; nanofibres; rapid prototyping