Environmental Epigenetics: Crossroad between Public Health, Lifestyle, and Cancer Prevention.
Epigenetics provides the key to transform the genetic information into phenotype and because of its reversibility it is considered an ideal target for therapeutic interventions. This paper reviews the basic mechanisms of epigenetic control: DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and ncRNA expression and their role in disease development. We describe also the influence of the environment, lifestyle, nutritional habits, and the psychological influence on epigenetic marks and how these factors are related to cancer and other diseases development. Finally we discuss the potential use of natural epigenetic modifiers in the chemoprevention of cancer to link together public health, environment, and lifestyle.
Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
Massimo
M
Romani
Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
Maria Pia
MP
Pistillo
Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
Barbara
B
Banelli
D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics*; D004777:Environment; D057890:Epigenomics; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010641:Phenotype; D011634:Public Health
D002843:Chromatin; D006657:Histones