Relationships Between Blood Pressure and 24-Hour Urinary Excretion of Sodium and Potassium by Body Mass Index Status in Chinese Adults.
This study examined the impact of overweight/obesity on sodium, potassium, and blood pressure associations using the Shandong-Ministry of Health Action on Salt Reduction and Hypertension (SMASH) project baseline survey data. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were collected in 1948 Chinese adults aged 18 to 69 years. The observed associations of sodium, potassium, sodium-potassium ratio, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were stronger in the overweight/obese population than among those of normal weight. Among overweight/obese respondents, each additional standard deviation (SD) higher of urinary sodium excretion (SD=85 mmol) and potassium excretion (SD=19 mmol) was associated with a 1.31 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 0.37-2.26) and -1.43 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, -2.23 to -0.63) difference in SBP, and each higher unit in sodium-potassium ratio was associated with a 0.54 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 0.34-0.75) increase in SBP. The association between sodium, potassium, sodium-potassium ratio, and prevalence of hypertension among overweight/obese patients was similar to that of SBP. Our study indicated that the relationships between BP and both urinary sodium and potassium might be modified by BMI status in Chinese adults.
Department of Cardiovascular Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Liuxia
L
Yan
Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.|Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Jinan, China.
Zhenqiang
Z
Bi
Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.|Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Jinan, China.
Junli
J
Tang
Department of Cardiovascular Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Linhong
L
Wang
Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Quanhe
Q
Yang
Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.|Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Jinan, China.
Xiaolei
X
Guo
Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Mary E
ME
Cogswell
Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Xiaofei
X
Zhang
Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Yuling
Y
Hong
Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Michael
M
Engelgau
Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.|Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Jinan, China.
Jiyu
J
Zhang
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Paul
P
Elliott
Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Sonia Y
SY
Angell
Department of Cardiovascular Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Jixiang
J
Ma
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D011188:Potassium / Q000652:urine*; D015995:Prevalence; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine*; D059349:Urine Specimen Collection / Q000379:methods
D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium