Systematic Review of Adverse Effects: A Further Step towards Modernization of Acupuncture in China.
As a further step towards the modernization of acupuncture, the objective of this review was to figure out the frequency and severity of adverse complications and events in acupuncture treatment reported from 1980 to 2013 in China. All first-hand case reports of acupuncture-related complications and adverse events that could be identified in the scientific literature were reviewed and classified according to the type of complication and adverse event, circumstance of the event, and long-term patient outcome. The selected case reports were published between 1980 and 2013 in 3 databases. Relevant papers were collected and analyzed by 2 reviewers. Over the 33 years, 182 incidents were identified in 133 relevant papers. Internal organ, tissue, or nerve injury is the main complications of acupuncture especially for pneumothorax and central nervous system injury. Adverse effects also included syncope, infections, hemorrhage, allergy, burn, aphonia, hysteria, cough, thirst, fever, somnolence, and broken needles. Qualifying training of acupuncturists should be systemized and the clinical acupuncture operations should be standardized in order to effectively prevent the occurrence of acupuncture accidents, enhance the influence of acupuncture, and further popularize acupuncture to the rest of the world.
Acupuncture Department, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China.
Junyi
J
Wu
Acupuncture Department, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China.
Yanmei
Y
Hu
Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
Yin
Y
Zhu
Acupuncture Department, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China.
Ping
P
Yin
Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, and TCM Research Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
Gerhard
G
Litscher
Acupuncture Department, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China.
Shifen
S
Xu