Asymmetry of Inframammary Folds in Patients Undergoing Augmentation Mammaplasty.
BACKGROUND
Variation in the anatomical position of the inframammary fold (IMF) in women remains poorly studied.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of asymmetry between IMF locations on the chest wall of women undergoing breast augmentation and to determine breast measurements associated with IMF asymmetry.


METHODS
Three-dimensional imaging analysis of the breasts was performed in 111 women with micromastia, using the Vectra Imaging System(TM). The following measurements were recorded: vertical distance between right and left IMF (inter-fold distance), vertical distance between nipples (inter-nipple distance), and difference between projection of right and left breasts in anterior-posterior direction.


RESULTS
Asymmetry between the right and left IMF positions was found in the majority of patients (95.4%), with symmetry only found in 5 patients (4.6%). In the majority of patients (60.3%), the right IMF was located inferior to the left IMF with median inter-fold distance 0.4 cm (range, 0.1, 2.1 cm). In 39 patients (35.1%), the left IMF was located inferior to the right with median inter-fold distance 0.4 cm (range, 0.1, 1.7 cm). There was strong correlation between the degree of asymmetry of IMF and asymmetry of nipple areola complex (NAC) positions (r = 0.687, P < .01).


CONCLUSIONS
The majority of women with micromastia demonstrate asymmetry of the IMF, which correlates with asymmetry of NAC location. The authors propose a classification system based on most commonly observed IMF locations as types I (right IMF inferior to left), type II (left IMF inferior to right) and type III (both IMF located on the same level). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4: Diagnostic.
From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.
Max
M
Yeslev
From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.
Stephane A
SA
Braun
From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.
G Patrick
GP
Maxwell
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D059925:Anatomic Landmarks; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019928:Breast Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012984:Software; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult