Barriers to breast and cervical cancer screening for women with physical disability: A review.
This review critically examined the barriers to breast and cervical cancer screening services for women with physical disability and discussed ways forward to change practice. When compared to the rest of the community, women with disability were less likely to use preventive health screening services for multiple reasons. Moreover, women with disability live longer than in previous years, and as age is linked to an increased risk of developing cancer, it is imperative that the barriers to screening for these women become a focus of discussion. We designed an integrative literature review to investigate this. Multiple databases were systematically searched for literature published between 2001 and 2013. Search terms used were a combination (AND/OR) of key terms. After excluding duplicates and articles not meeting the eligibility criteria, twenty-five articles were systematically and critically reviewed. Sociodemographic factors were associated with less access to preventive health screening for women with disability. The literature reviewed indicated that this was complicated further by three prominent barriers: health insurance, health care workers, and physical barriers. Sociodemographic, health insurance, health workers, and physical barriers impair access for disabled women to breast and cervical cancer screening, which are vital measures in the timely detection of breast and cervical cancers and preventable morbidity and mortality. Measures are needed to address these limiting factors for women with disability so that they can be active participants in health care, rather than being marginalized because of their disability.
a School of Nursing and Midwifery , University of Western Sydney , Penrith , New South Wales , Australia.
Lucie
L
Ramjan
a School of Nursing and Midwifery , University of Western Sydney , Penrith , New South Wales , Australia.
Antoinette
A
Cotton
a School of Nursing and Midwifery , University of Western Sydney , Penrith , New South Wales , Australia.
Maricris
M
Algoso
a School of Nursing and Midwifery , University of Western Sydney , Penrith , New South Wales , Australia.
Kath
K
Peters
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D065006:Papanicolaou Test / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
Barriers; Pap smear; cancer; disability; mammography; preventive; screening; women