Proton pump inhibitors for the treatment of cancer in companion animals.
The treatment of cancer presents a clinical challenge both in human and veterinary medicine. Chemotherapy protocols require the use of toxic drugs that are not always specific, do not selectively target cancerous cells thus resulting in many side effects. A recent therapeutic approach takes advantage of the altered acidity of the tumour microenvironment by using proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to block the hydrogen transport out of the cell. The alteration of the extracellular pH kills tumour cells, reverses drug resistance, and reduces cancer metastasis. Human clinical trials have prompted to consider this as a viable and safe option for the treatment of cancer in companion animals. Preliminary animal studies suggest that the same positive outcome could be achievable. The purpose of this review is to support investigations into the use of PPIs for cancer treatment cancer in companion animals by considering the evidence available in both human and veterinary medicine.
School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, College Road, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK. Megan.walsh@nottingham.ac.uk.
Megan
M
Walsh
Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy. stefano.fais@iss.it.
Stefano
S
Fais
SAFU, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Via delle Messi d' Oro 156, Rome, Italy. spugnini.vet@tiscali.it.
Enrico Pierluigi
EP
Spugnini
Institute for Clinical Biology and Metabolism, c) Postas 13, 01004, Vitoria, Spain. salvaszh@telefonica.net.
Salvador
S
Harguindey
College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyya, 21955, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. tmabuzneid@uqu.edu.sa.
Tareq
T
Abu Izneid
Equivet Roma Hospital, Equine Veterinary Clinic, Via di Torre di Sant'Anastasia 83, 00134, Rome, Italy.
Licia
L
Scacco
School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, College Road, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK. paula.williams@nottingham.ac.uk.
Paula
P
Williams
School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, College Road, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK. cinzia.allegrucci@nottingham.ac.uk.
Cinzia
C
Allegrucci
School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, College Road, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK. cyril.rauch@nottingham.ac.uk.
Cyril
C
Rauch
College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyya, 21955, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. zhomran@uqu.edu.sa.
Ziad
Z
Omran
D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D057805:Pets; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors