Essential Oils of Echinophora lamondiana (Apiales: Umbelliferae): A Relationship Between Chemical Profile and Biting Deterrence and Larvicidal Activity Against Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae).
The essential oils from the flower, leaf, and stem of Echinophora lamondiana B.Yildiz et Z.Bahcecioglu were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In total, 41, 37, and 44 compounds were identified, which accounted for 98.0, 99.1, and 97.0% of flower, leaf, and stem essential oils, respectively. The monoterpenic hydrocarbons were found to be high in all samples of the essential oils. The major components of essential oils from flower, leaf, and stem of E. lamondiana were δ-3-carene (61.9, 75.0, and 65.9%, respectively), α-phellandrene (20.3, 14.1, and 12.8%, respectively), and terpinolene (2.7, 3.3, and 2.9%, respectively). Flower and leaf essential oils and terpinolene produced biting deterrence similar to 25 nmol/cm(2) N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET; 97%) against Aedes aegypti (L.) and Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say. Compounds (+)-δ-3-carene, (R)-(-)-α-phellandrene, and water-distilled essential oils were significantly less repellent than DEET. Among essential oils, leaf oil was the least toxic of the oils, with an LC50 value of 138.3 ppm, whereas flower essential oil killed only 32% larvae, and no mortality of stem oil at highest tested dosages against Ae aegypti was observed. Terpinolene and α-phellandrene showed higher toxicity than δ-3-carene in both the species. In contrast to Ae. aegypti, all the essential oils showed toxicity in An. quadrimaculatus, and toxicity was higher in leaf oil than the other two oils. These results could be useful in finding new, safe, and more effective natural biopesticides and biting deterrent or repellents against Ae. aegypti.
National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677. aali@olemiss.edu.
Abbas
A
Ali
National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677.
Nurhayat
N
Tabanca
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey.
Gulmira
G
Ozek
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey.
Temel
T
Ozek
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey.
Zeki
Z
Aytac
USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32608.
Ulrich R
UR
Bernier
USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32608. Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608.
Natasha M
NM
Agramonte
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey. Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
K Husnu Can
KH
Baser
National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677. Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677. Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Ikhlas A
IA
Khan
D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000187:drug effects*; D019661:Apiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings; D007302:Insect Repellents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry; D013045:Species Specificity
D007302:Insect Repellents; D009822:Oils, Volatile
Echinophora lamondiana; biting deterrent; larvicide; mosquito; repellent