Electrospun polycaprolactone 3D nanofibrous scaffold with interconnected and hierarchically structured pores for bone tissue engineering.
For the first time, electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) 3D nanofibrous scaffold has been developed by an innovative and convenient approach (i.e., thermally induced nanofiber self-agglomeration followed by freeze drying), and the scaffold possesses interconnected and hierarchically structured pores including macropores with sizes up to ≈300 μm. The novel PCL 3D scaffold is soft and elastic with very high porosity of ≈96.4%, thus it is morphologically/structurally similar to natural extracellular matrix and well suited for cell functions and tissue formation. The in vitro studies reveal that the scaffold can lead to high cell viability; more importantly, it is able to promote more potent BMP2-induced chondrogenic than osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Consistent to the in vitro findings, the in vivo results indicate that the electrospun PCL 3D scaffold acts as a favorable synthetic extracellular matrix for functional bone regeneration through the physiological endochondral ossification process.
Program of Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA.
Tao
T
Xu
Program of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA.
Jacob M
JM
Miszuk
Program of Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA.
Yong
Y
Zhao
Program of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA.
Hongli
H
Sun
Program of Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA.
Hao
H
Fong
D000818:Animals; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000378:metabolism; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D008422:Materials Testing; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
C525719:Bmp2 protein, mouse; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D011091:Polyesters; C016240:polycaprolactone
3D scaffolds; electrospinning; nanofibers; polycaprolactone; tissue engineering