Phlorofucofuroeckol B suppresses inflammatory responses by down-regulating nuclear factor κB activation via Akt, ERK, and JNK in LPS-stimulated microglial cells.
Microglial activation has been implicated in many neurological disorders for its inflammatory and neurotrophic effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of phlorofucofuroeckol B (PFF-B) isolated from Ecklonia stolonifera, on the production of inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia. PFF-B decreased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 and the expression of pro-inflammatory proteins such as cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. Profoundly, PFF-B inhibited activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) by preventing the degradation of inhibitor κB-α (IκB-α), which led to prevent the nuclear translocation of p65 NF-κB subunit. Moreover, PFF-B inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, ERK, and JNK. These results indicate that the anti-inflammatory effect of PFF-B on LPS-stimulated microglial cells is mainly regulated by the inhibition of IκB-α/NF-κB and Akt/ERK/JNK pathways. Our study suggests that PFF-B can be considered as a therapeutic agent against neuroinflammation by inhibiting microglial activation.
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, South Korea.
Dong-Kyung
DK
Yu
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, South Korea.
Bonggi
B
Lee
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, South Korea.
Misung
M
Kwon
Food and Safety Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-705, South Korea.
Nayoung
N
Yoon
Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea.
Taisun
T
Shin
Department of Marine Biology, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyoung 650-757, South Korea.
Nam-Gil
NG
Kim
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, South Korea.
Jae-Sue
JS
Choi
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, South Korea. Electronic address: hrkim@pknu.ac.kr.
Hyeung-Rak
HR
Kim
D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004147:Dioxins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D000459:Phaeophyceae / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001572:Benzofurans; D016207:Cytokines; D004147:Dioxins; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; C516536:phlorofucofuroeckol B; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4
Ecklonia stolonifera; Microglia; Neuroinflammation; Nuclear factor-κB; Phlorofucofuroeckol B