Poor sleep quality associated with high risk of hypertension and elevated blood pressure in China: results from a large population-based study.
Little information is available concerning the association between sleep quality and blood pressure (BP) in Chinese individuals. This study evaluated the association between sleep quality, as determined by the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and hypertension in a rural Chinese population. Using a multistage cluster and random sampling method, a representative sample of 9404 adults aged 20-93 years in northeastern China was selected from 2012 to 2013. Sleep quality was assessed by PSQI, and trained observers measured BP. A sleep disorder (SD) was diagnosed for any participant with a score of 6 or greater. Overall, 1218 male participants (25.53%) and 1261 female participants (27.22%) were defined as having SDs. Compared with the normal subjects, participants with hypertension had higher global PSQI scores and subscores in all elements. The odds ratios (ORs) of hypertension, systolic hypertension and diastolic hypertension among participants with SDs were 2.38 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.13-2.65), 2.52 (95% CI: 2.26-2.80) and 1.93 (95% CI: 1.74-2.14) in contrast to the reference group, respectively. The risk for hypertension in poor sleepers with subscores over 0 in all of the elements was significantly increased, with ORs ranging from 1.16 (95% CI: 1.04-2.30) to 3.88 (95% CI: 1.24-12.16). The global PSQI score and its components were associated with hypertension and high BP.
Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Ru-Qing
RQ
Liu
Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Zhengmin
Z
Qian
Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Edwin
E
Trevathan
Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Jen-Jen
JJ
Chang
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Alan
A
Zelicoff
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
Yuan-Tao
YT
Hao
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA.
Shao
S
Lin
Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Guang-Hui
GH
Dong
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011153:Population; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012737:Sex Factors; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult