Stable coronary artery disease: revascularisation and invasive strategies.
Stable coronary artery disease is the most common clinical manifestation of ischaemic heart disease and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Myocardial revascularisation is a mainstay in the treatment of symptomatic patients or those with ischaemia-producing coronary lesions, and reduces ischaemia to a greater extent than medical treatment. Documentation of ischaemia and plaque burden is fundamental in the risk stratification of patients with stable coronary artery disease, and several invasive and non-invasive techniques are available (eg, fractional flow reserve or intravascular ultrasound) or being validated (eg, instantaneous wave-free ratio and optical coherence tomography). The use of new-generation drug-eluting stents and arterial conduits greatly improve clinical outcome in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). PCI is feasible, safe, and effective in many patients with stable coronary artery disease who remain symptomatic despite medical treatment. In patients with multivessel and left main coronary artery disease, the decision between PCI or CABG is guided by the local Heart Team (team of different cardiovascular specialists, including non-invasive and invasive cardiologists, and cardiac surgeons), who carefully judge the possible benefits and risks inherent to PCI and CABG. In specific subsets, such as patients with diabetes and advanced, multivessel coronary artery disease, CABG remains the standard of care in view of improved protection against recurrent ischaemic adverse events.
Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
Raffaele
R
Piccolo
The Zena and Michael A Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Gennaro
G
Giustino
The Zena and Michael A Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: Roxana.Mehran@mountsinai.org.
Roxana
R
Mehran
Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
Stephan
S
Windecker
D057791:Cardiac Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D053805:Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000379:methods*; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000379:methods; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011182:Postoperative Care; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors