Association of Parental Environmental Exposures and Supplementation Intake with Risk of Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts: A Case-Control Study in Heilongjiang Province, China.
The aim of present study was to check the possible association of potential parental environmental exposures and maternal supplementation intake with the risk of nonsyndromic orofacial clefting (NSOC). A retrospective study comprised 499 cases and 480 controls was conducted in Heilongjiang Province. Chi-square analysis and unconditional multiple logistic regression were used in the study. The results showed that maternal history of fever and the common cold without fever (ORCL/P = 3.11 and 5.56, 95%CI: 1.67-5.82 and 2.96-10.47, ORCPO = 3.31 and 8.23, 95%CI: 1.58-6.94 and 4.08-16.95), paternal smoking and alcohol consumption (ORCL/P = 2.15 and 5.04, 95%CI: 1.37-3.38 and 3.00-8.46, ORCPO = 1.82 and 4.40, 95%CI: 1.06-3.13 and 2.50-7.74), maternal exposure to organic solvents, heavy metals, or pesticides (ORCL/P = 6.07, 5.67 and 5.97, 95%CI: 1.49-24.76, 1.34-24.09 and 2.10-16.98, ORCPO = 10.65, 7.28 and 3.48, 95%CI: 2.54-44.67, 1.41-37.63 and 1.06-11.46) and multivitamin use during the preconception period (ORCL/P = 0.06, 95%CI: 0.02-0.23, ORCPO = 0.06, 95%CI: 0.01-0.30) were associated with cleft lip or without cleft palate (CL/P) and cleft palate only (CPO). Maternal history of skin disease and negative life events (ORCL/P = 12.07 and 1.67, 95%CI: 1.81-80.05 and 1.95-2.67) were associated with CL/P. Some potential parental hazardous exposures during the periconception period and maternal use of multivitamins during the preconception period were associated with risk of NSOC.
Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 122 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150000, China. honorastar@163.com.
Yanru
Y
Hao
Department of Stomatology, Harbin Children's Hospital, 57 Youyi Road, Daoli District, Harbin 150000, China. tiansubao_doctor@163.com.
Subao
S
Tian
Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 122 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150000, China. jiaoxiaohui_dds@163.com.
Xiaohui
X
Jiao
Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 122 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150000, China. mina_doctor@163.com.
Na
N
Mi
Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 122 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150000, China. zhangbing_doctor@163.com.
Bing
B
Zhang
Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 122 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150000, China. zhangxuel@ems.hrbmu.edu.cn.
Tao
T
Song
Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 122 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150000, China. anle_doctor@163.com.
Le
L
An
Department of Medical Administration, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150000, China. zhengxudong_doctor@163.com.
Xudong
X
Zheng
Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150000, China. stevenchuang88@126.com.
Deshu
D
Zhuang
D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology; D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018812:Paternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D065840:Protective Factors; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
D004785:Environmental Pollutants
environmental exposures; folic acid; multivitamin use; nonsyndromic orofacial clefts; passive smoking; toxic occupational exposure