Premenstrual syndrome: A mini review.
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is characterized by recurrent, moderate-to-severe affective, physical, and behavioral symptoms that develop during the luteal menstrual cycle and disappear within a few days of menstruation. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe and disabling condition that can affect personal relationships and occupational activities. PMS occurs in 30-40% of reproductive-age females; PMDD affects 3-8% of this population. Although the etiology of PMS is unclear, several theories suggest increased sensitivity to normal hormonal changes and neurotransmitter abnormalities. The diagnostic method of PMS is the Daily Record of Severity of Problems, which women with PMS can use to self-report several symptoms and their severity. Although combined oral contraceptives and serotonergic antidepressants are effective drugs, each is a different option for treating PMS/PMDD. Serotonergic antidepressants are the drugs of choice for improving both physical and mood symptoms. Combined oral contraceptives appear to primarily improve physical symptoms. Clinicians should consider each patient's situation individually. Other treatment options include lifestyle modification, cognitive behavioral therapy, and herbal medicine (e.g., chasteberry).
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
Aeli
A
Ryu
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: heeobgy@schmc.ac.kr.
Tae-Hee
TH
Kim
D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008183:Luteal Phase; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020950:Vitex
D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D028321:Plant Preparations; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Contraceptives; Oral; Premenstrual dysphoric disorder; Premenstrual syndrome; combined