Deep brain stimulation induces antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects in epileptic rats.
BACKGROUND
Status epilepticus (SE) is a severe condition that may lead to hippocampal cell loss and epileptogenesis. Some of the mechanisms associated with SE-induced cell death are excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of the present study is to test the hypothesis that DBS has anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects when applied during SE.


METHODS
Rats undergoing pilocarpine-induced SE were treated with anterior thalamic nucleus (AN) deep brain stimulation (DBS). Inflammatory changes and caspase 3 activity were measured within 1 week of treatment.


RESULTS
In pilocarpine-treated rats, DBS countered the significant increase in hippocampal caspase 3 activity and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels that follows SE but had no effect on tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα).


CONCLUSIONS
DBS has anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects when given to animals undergoing status.
Disciplina de Neurofisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 5 andar, 04023-062, São Paulo, Brazil. beatriz.oamorim@gmail.com.
Beatriz O
BO
Amorim
Disciplina de Neurofisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 5 andar, 04023-062, São Paulo, Brazil. lucovolan@gmail.com.
Luciene
L
Covolan
Disciplina de Neurofisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 5 andar, 04023-062, São Paulo, Brazil. elenn_ferreira@msn.com.
Elenn
E
Ferreira
Disciplina de Neurofisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 5 andar, 04023-062, São Paulo, Brazil. jgabrito@gmail.com.
José Geraldo
JG
Brito
Disciplina de Neurofisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 5 andar, 04023-062, São Paulo, Brazil. diegopannunzio@hotmail.com.
Diego P
DP
Nunes
Disciplina de Neurofisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 5 andar, 04023-062, São Paulo, Brazil. baratchowisky@bol.com.br.
David G
DG
de Morais
Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada. j.nobrega@utoronto.ca.
José N
JN
Nobrega
Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, MG, 36301-160, Brazil. amr@ufsj.edu.br.
Antonio M
AM
Rodrigues
Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, MG, 36301-160, Brazil. acga@ufsj.edu.br.
Antonio Carlos G
AC
deAlmeida
Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada. c.hamani@sympatico.ca.|Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. c.hamani@sympatico.ca.
Clement
C
Hamani
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology
D016207:Cytokines; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists; D010862:Pilocarpine; D053148:Caspase 3