Anthocyanin biosynthesis is differentially regulated by light in the skin and flesh of white-fleshed and teinturier grape berries.
Light exclusion reduces the concentration and modifies the composition of grape anthocyanins, by altering the expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis and transport, in a cultivar- and tissue-specific manner. Unlike most grapes, teinturier grapes accumulate anthocyanins both in skin and flesh. However, the concentration and composition of anthocyanins in both tissues differ, providing a valuable system to study tissue-specific regulation of anthocyanin synthesis. Furthermore, little is known about the mechanisms controlling the sensitivity of anthocyanin accumulation to light. Here, light was excluded from Gamay (white-fleshed) and Gamay Fréaux (teinturier mutant) berries throughout berry development. Under light-exposed conditions, the skin of Gamay Fréaux accumulated the highest level of anthocyanins, followed by the skin of Gamay, while the pulp of Gamay Fréaux had much lower anthocyanins than the skins. Network analysis revealed the same order on the number of significant correlations among metabolites and transcripts in the three colored tissues, indicating a higher connectivity that reflects a higher efficiency of the anthocyanin pathway. Compared to light conditions, light exclusion reduced the total amount of anthocyanins, most severely in the skin of Gamay and to a lesser extent in the flesh and skin of Gamay Fréaux. Coordinated decrease in the transcript abundance of structural, regulatory and transporter genes by light exclusion correlated with the reduced anthocyanin concentration in a cultivar- and tissue-specific manner. Moreover, light exclusion increased the ratio of dihydroxylated to trihydroxylated anthocyanins, in parallel with F3'H and F3'5'H transcript amounts. Sugars and ABA only play a limited role in the control of anthocyanin synthesis in the berries, in contrast with what has been described in cell suspensions. This study provides novel insights into the regulation of anthocyanin in wild type and teinturier cultivars.
UMR 1287 EGFV, INRA, Univ. de Bordeaux, ISVV, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France.|Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.
Le
L
Guan
UMR 1287 EGFV, INRA, Univ. de Bordeaux, ISVV, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France. zhanwu.dai@bordeaux.inra.fr.
Zhanwu
Z
Dai
Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.
Ben-Hong
BH
Wu
UMR 1287 EGFV, INRA, Univ. de Bordeaux, ISVV, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
Jing
J
Wu
UMR 1287 EGFV, INRA, Univ. de Bordeaux, ISVV, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
Isabelle
I
Merlin
UMR 1287 EGFV, INRA, Univ. de Bordeaux, ISVV, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
Ghislaine
G
Hilbert
UMR 1287 EGFV, INRA, Univ. de Bordeaux, ISVV, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
Christel
C
Renaud
UMR 1287 EGFV, INRA, Univ. de Bordeaux, ISVV, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
Eric
E
Gomès
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture Flagship, PMB2, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.
Everard
E
Edwards
Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.
Shao-Hua
SH
Li
UMR 1287 EGFV, INRA, Univ. de Bordeaux, ISVV, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
Serge
S
Delrot
D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005632:Fructose / Q000032:analysis; D005638:Fruit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D008027:Light; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D064210:Secondary Metabolism; D027843:Vitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*
D000872:Anthocyanins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D005632:Fructose; D005947:Glucose
Fruit color; Gamay Fréaux; Ripening; Secondary metabolism; Solar radiation; Vitis