Restructuring an evolving Irish trauma system: What can we learn from Europe and Australia?
OBJECTIVE
Major trauma is a leading cause of mortality and disability. Internationally, major trauma centres and comprehensive trauma networks are associated with improved outcomes. This study aimed to examine selected international trauma systems in Europe and Australia to identify common themes that may aid reconfiguration of the Irish trauma service.


METHODS
An electronic search strategy was utilised using Medline, and a search of the grey literature using Google and Google Scholar. Search terms included "trauma systems", "trauma care", "major trauma centre" and "trauma network". Relevant articles were reviewed and data summarised in a narrative format.


RESULTS
Republic of Ireland currently lacks designated major trauma centres and surrounding trauma networks. Lessons from international models and data from the on-going national trauma audit may guide reconfiguration. Well-functioning trauma systems internationally bear striking similarities, and involve a hub and spoke model. This model has a central major trauma centre, surrounded by a co-ordinated trauma network with trauma units. Concentration of major trauma into high volume centres is key, but these centres must be adequately resourced to deliver a high quality service. Investment in and co-ordination of prehospital care is essential to overcome geographical impediments to centralising trauma care. Funding of rehabilitation infrastructure and resources is also an integral part of a well-functioning trauma system. Trauma outcome data is key to informing trauma system design, with dissemination of this data and public engagement critical for change.


CONCLUSIONS
International models of trauma care provide valuable lessons for countries currently in process of reconfiguring trauma services.
Department of Surgery, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland. Electronic address: ibalasubramanian@rcsi.ie.
I
I
Balasubramanian
Department of Surgery, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland.
H M
HM
Mohan
Department of Surgery, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland.
R J
RJ
Whelan
Department of Surgery, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland.
F
F
McDermott
Department of Surgery, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland.
D C
DC
Winter
D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D014193:Trauma Centers / Q000458:organization & administration*; D014194:Traumatology / Q000458:organization & administration*
Major trauma; Trauma models; Trauma systems