Trace Element Levels in Congenital Hypogonadotrophic Hypogonadism.
Cardiometabolic diseases are prevalent in hypogonadism. The pathophysiologic mechanism of increased cardiometabolic risk in hypogonadal patients is not clear. Recently, trace elements have been linked to the development of chronic disease especially cardiovascular disease. We investigated the trace element levels in an unconfounded population of congenital hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (CHH) and also searched for the relationship with metabolic risk factors. A total of 89 patients with CHH (mean age 21.8 ± 2.0 years) and 80 healthy control subjects (mean age 21.3 ± 1.1 years) were enrolled. The demographic parameters, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels and plasma zinc, copper, and selenium levels, were measured in patients and healthy controls. The patients had higher waist circumferences (p = 0.014), triglyceride (p = 0.04), insulin (p = 0.004), HOMA-IR levels (p = 0.001), and lower selenium (p = 0.049), zinc (p = 0.004), and copper (p = 0.012) levels when compared to the healthy controls. There was a significant relationship between zinc levels and HOMA-IR levels (p = 0.015). In the regression analysis, zinc levels were independently associated with the calculated HOMA-IR levels (p = 0.015). The results of the present study show that plasma selenium, zinc, and copper levels are decreased in patients with CHH. Also, plasma zinc levels are independently associated with insulin resistance in patients with hypogonadism. Long-term follow-up studies are warranted to investigate the effect of trace elements on the increased cardiometabolic risk in hypogonadism.
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane School of Medicine, 06018, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey.
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Aydogdu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane School of Medicine, 06018, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey. cemhaymana@hotmail.com.
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Haymana
Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Gulhane School of Medicine, 06018, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey.
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Soykut
Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Gulhane School of Medicine, 06018, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey.
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Erdem
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane School of Medicine, 06018, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey.
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Basaran
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, 34668, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Baskoy
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane School of Medicine, 06018, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey.
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Dinc
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane School of Medicine, 06018, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey.
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Taslipinar
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane School of Medicine, 06018, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey.
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Sonmez
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Memorial Atasehir Hospital, 34750, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Bolu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane School of Medicine, 06018, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey.
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Azal
D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
D014131:Trace Elements
Cardiometabolic risk; Hypogonadism; Insulin resistance; Trace elements