Combined Dietary Recommendations, Desmopressin, and Behavioral Interventions May Be Effective First-Line Treatment in Resolution of Enuresis.
OBJECTIVE
Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is a very common multifactorial pediatric disorder and in children with­out any other lower urinary tract symptoms is defined as monosymptomatic NE (MNE). Pharmacologi­cal, psychological/behavioral, and alternative interventions are commonly used and the first-line drug ther­apy for patients with MNE is desmopressin (dDAVP) but the response rate is less than 40-60% and the relapse rate is about 50-80% after treatment. Many studies show that some foods and beverages can promote diuresis or bladder irritability, which in some people can exacerbate bladder symptoms and NE. The pres­ent study aimed to compare the efficacy of combined specific dietary advices and dDAVP vs dDAVP alone.


METHODS
We enrolled in the study 172 patients affected by MNE between January 2013 and May 2014, of these 35 were excluded. The inclusion criterion was primary MNE and exclusion criteria included non-MNE, secondary MNE and lactose intolerance. Children were treated with dDAVP at a dose of 120 μg a day and were randomized to receive dietary recommendations. They were asked to fill out a char­ter depicting their wet and dry nights for the period of treatment. Sixty-seven patients were randomly as­signed to receive dDAVP and dietary advices (group A) and 70 patients to receive dDAVP alone (group B).


RESULTS
We included in our study 137 children, 102 (74.5%) male, and 35 (25.5%) female, aged be­tween 5 and 14 years. Our results show a higher response rate and a lower number of relapse in group A vs group B with 67.2% of responders in group A vs 58.6% in group B, after 3 months of ther­apy and 31.1% of relapse in group A vs 46.3% in group B one month, after the end of treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results show the effectiveness of specific dietary advices in the manage­ment of primary MNE. However further studies are needed to determine whether the differ­ence between therapy with combined dietary recommendations and dDAVP vs dDAVP alone.
Institute of Pediatrics, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
Pietro
P
Ferrara
Service of Pediatrics, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy.
Valentina
V
Del Volgo
Institute of Pediatrics, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
Valerio
V
Romano
Food Sciences and Human Nutrition Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy. scarpelli.valentina1@gmail.com.
Valentina
V
Scarpelli
Food Sciences and Human Nutrition Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy.
Laura
L
De Gara
Service of Clinical Nutrition, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
Giacinto Abele Donato
GA
Miggiano
D000293:Adolescent; D050034:Antidiuretic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D011897:Random Allocation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology*
D050034:Antidiuretic Agents; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin