Effect of Dietary ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid DHA on Glycolytic Enzymes and Warburg Phenotypes in Cancer.
The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) are a class of lipids that has been shown to have beneficial effects on some chronic degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory disorders, diabetes, and cancer. Among ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has received particular attention for its antiproliferative, proapoptotic, antiangiogenetic, anti-invasion, and antimetastatic properties, even though the involved molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Recently, some in vitro studies showed that DHA promotes the inhibition of glycolytic enzymes and the Warburg phenotype. For example, it was shown that in breast cancer cell lines the modulation of bioenergetic functions is due to the capacity of DHA to activate the AMPK signalling and negatively regulate the HIF-1α functions. Taking into account these considerations, this review is focused on current knowledge concerning the role of DHA in interfering with cancer cell metabolism; this could be considered a further mechanism by which DHA inhibits cancer cell survival and progression.
Tuscia University, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, (DEB), Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
Laura
L
Manzi
Tuscia University, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, (DEB), Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
Lara
L
Costantini
Tuscia University, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, (DEB), Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
Romina
R
Molinari
Tuscia University, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, (DEB), Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy ; Complex Equipment Center, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
Nicolò
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Merendino
D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004032:Diet; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases