Effects of Dietary Exposure to Zearalenone (ZEN) on Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).
The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) is frequently contaminating animal feeds including feed used in aquaculture. In the present study, the effects of dietary exposure to ZEN on carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were investigated. ZEN at three different concentrations (low dose: 332 µg kg(-1), medium dose: 621 µg kg(-1) and high dose: 797 µg kg(-1) final feed, respectively) was administered to juvenile carp for four weeks. Additional groups received the mycotoxin for the same time period but were fed with the uncontaminated diet for two more weeks to examine the reversibility of the ZEN effects. No effects on growth were observed during the feeding trial, but effects on haematological parameters occurred. In addition, an influence on white blood cell counts was noted whereby granulocytes and monocytes were affected in fish treated with the medium and high dose ZEN diet. In muscle samples, marginal ZEN and α-zearalenol (α-ZEL) concentrations were detected. Furthermore, the genotoxic potential of ZEN was confirmed by analysing formation of micronuclei in erythrocytes. In contrast to previous reports on other fish species, estrogenic effects measured as vitellogenin concentrations in serum samples were not increased by dietary exposure to ZEN. This is probably due to the fact that ZEN is rapidly metabolized in carp.
Institute of Natural Resource Sciences (IUNR), Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Gruental, P.O. Box, Waedenswil CH-8820, Switzerland. constanze.pietsch@zhaw.ch.|Man Society Environment, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, Basel CH-4051, Switzerland. constanze.pietsch@zhaw.ch.
Constanze
C
Pietsch
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Bundesallee 50, Braunschweig 38116, Germany. susanne.kersten@fli.bund.de.
Susanne
S
Kersten
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Bundesallee 50, Braunschweig 38116, Germany. hana.valenta@fli.bund.de.
Hana
H
Valenta
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Bundesallee 50, Braunschweig 38116, Germany. sven.daenicke@fli.bund.de.
Sven
S
Dänicke
Christian Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Institut für Tierzucht und Tierhaltung, Olshausenstr. 40, Kiel 24098, Germany. cschulz@tierzucht.uni-kiel.de.|Gesellschaft für Marine Aquakultur (GMA) mbH, Hafentörn 3, Büsum D-25761, Germany. cschulz@tierzucht.uni-kiel.de.
Carsten
C
Schulz
Man Society Environment, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, Basel CH-4051, Switzerland. patricia.holm@unibas.ch.|Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW 405 Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. patricia.holm@unibas.ch.
Patricia
P
Burkhardt-Holm
Institute of Natural Resource Sciences (IUNR), Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Gruental, P.O. Box, Waedenswil CH-8820, Switzerland. ranka.junge@zhaw.ch.
Ranka
R
Junge
D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D002347:Carps / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D017747:Seafood / Q000382:microbiology; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D015029:Zeranol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity
C029659:zearalenol; D015025:Zearalenone; D015029:Zeranol
aquaculture; blood cell populations; estrogenic potential; feed quality; genotoxicity