A mobile, high-throughput semi-automated system for testing cognition in large non-primate animal models of Huntington disease.
For reasons of cost and ethical concerns, models of neurodegenerative disorders such as Huntington disease (HD) are currently being developed in farm animals, as an alternative to non-human primates. Developing reliable methods of testing cognitive function is essential to determining the usefulness of such models. Nevertheless, cognitive testing of farm animal species presents a unique set of challenges. The primary aims of this study were to develop and validate a mobile operant system suitable for high throughput cognitive testing of sheep.



We designed a semi-automated testing system with the capability of presenting stimuli (visual, auditory) and reward at six spatial locations. Fourteen normal sheep were used to validate the system using a two-choice visual discrimination task. Four stages of training devised to acclimatise animals to the system are also presented.



All sheep progressed rapidly through the training stages, over eight sessions. All sheep learned the 2CVDT and performed at least one reversal stage. The mean number of trials the sheep took to reach criterion in the first acquisition learning was 13.9±1.5 and for the reversal learning was 19.1±1.8.



This is the first mobile semi-automated operant system developed for testing cognitive function in sheep.



We have designed and validated an automated operant behavioural testing system suitable for high throughput cognitive testing in sheep and other medium-sized quadrupeds, such as pigs and dogs. Sheep performance in the two-choice visual discrimination task was very similar to that reported for non-human primates and strongly supports the use of farm animals as pre-clinical models for the study of neurodegenerative diseases.
Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK.
Sebastian D
SD
McBride
Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK.
Nicholas
N
Perentos
Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK. Electronic address: ajm41@cam.ac.uk.
A Jennifer
AJ
Morton
D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000818:Animals; D057205:Automation, Laboratory / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003071:Cognition; D003216:Conditioning, Operant; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012193:Reversal Learning; D012201:Reward; D034561:Sheep, Domestic; D014796:Visual Perception
Cognition; Huntington disease; Large-animal; Learning; Memory; Operant