Recurrence of gestational diabetes in primiparous women.
BACKGROUND
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk for diabetes in the next pregnancy and later in life. Thus, estimating the risk of GDM in further pregnancies provides a time frame for possible preventive measures. We aimed to calculate the recurrence rate of GDM in primiparous women and evaluate the factors involved such as age, body mass index, weight gain, time between pregnancy and postpartum OGTT results.


METHODS
We established a prospective cohort during a 5-year period at the Department of Obstetrics at Kolding Hospital. Women with diet-treated GDM in their first pregnancy and a subsequent pregnancy constituted our study population. Multiparity and insulin-treated GDM were exclusion criteria.


RESULTS
Among 15 735 deliveries, 535 women were diagnosed with GDM (3.4%). Of these, 209 (39.1%) were nulliparous women, treated with diet only. Seventy-two of these women had a subsequent pregnancy and they all attended the recommended screening procedure, a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test at 14-20 (early) or 27-30 (late) weeks' gestation. The recurrence rate of GDM was 47.2%. The risk of recurrence was less in women who lost weight between the first and the subsequent pregnancy.


CONCLUSIONS
Recurrence of diet-treated GDM was 47.2% in primiparous women with previous GDM and the recurrence was associated with weight gain between pregnancies.
Department of Obstetrics, Herning Hospital, Herning, Denmark.
Anne R
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-6460
AR
Kruse
Department of Obstetrics, Kolding Hospital, Kolding, Denmark.
Mette S
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7144-6294
MS
Darling
Institute of Regional Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Mia K L
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5456-4141
MK
Hansen
Institute of Regional Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Miriam J
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9037-1707
MJ
Markman
Department of Obstetrics, Herning Hospital, Herning, Denmark.
Finn F
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3274-690X
FF
Lauszus
Department of Obstetrics, Kolding Hospital, Kolding, Denmark.
Hanne B
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3680-8154
HB
Wielandt
D000328:Adult; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D015430:Weight Gain
Pregnancy; body mass index; gestational diabetes; glucose tolerance test; recurrence