Glyphosate and AMPA in the estuaries of the Baltic Sea method optimization and field study.
Water samples from ten German Baltic estuaries were collected in 2012 in order to study the presence of the herbicide glyphosate, its primary metabolite AMPA and their potential transport to the marine environment. For the analyses an LC-MS/MS based analytical method after derivatization with FMOC-Cl was optimized and validated for marine water samples. All investigated estuarine stations were contaminated with AMPA and nine of them also with glyphosate. Concentration ranges observed were 28 to 1690ng/L and 45 to 4156ng/L for glyphosate and AMPA, respectively with strong spatial and temporal fluctuations. Both contaminants were found at inbound sampling sites in the stream Muehlenfliess and concentrations decreased along the salinity gradient to the estuaries of the Baltic Sea. The data obtained in this study clearly depict the transport of glyphosate and AMPA to the Baltic Sea. Hence, detailed fate and risk assessment for both contaminants in marine environments are required.
Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemuende, Department of Marine Chemistry, Seestrasse 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany. Electronic address: wael.skeff@io-warneumuende.de.
Wael
W
Skeff
Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemuende, Department of Marine Chemistry, Seestrasse 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany.
Christine
C
Neumann
Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemuende, Department of Marine Chemistry, Seestrasse 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany.
Detlef E
DE
Schulz-Bull
D001454:Baltic States; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D063366:Estuaries; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000737:chemistry; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis; D007555:Isoxazoles; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D013777:Tetrazoles; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D000097797:Glyphosate
D005449:Fluorenes; D005998:Glycine; D006540:Herbicides; D007555:Isoxazoles; D063065:Organophosphonates; D013777:Tetrazoles; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000097797:Glyphosate; C054007:1-(9-fluorenyl)methyl chloroformate; C418233:2-amino-3-(3-hydrox-5(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)isoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid
AMPA; Baltic Sea estuaries; Glyphosate; Herbicide; LC–MS/MS