Phytophthora infestans RXLR-WY Effector AVR3a Associates with Dynamin-Related Protein 2 Required for Endocytosis of the Plant Pattern Recognition Receptor FLS2.
Pathogens utilize effectors to suppress basal plant defense known as PTI (Pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity). However, our knowledge of PTI suppression by filamentous plant pathogens, i.e. fungi and oomycetes, remains fragmentary. Previous work revealed that the co-receptor BAK1/SERK3 contributes to basal immunity against the potato pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Moreover BAK1/SERK3 is required for the cell death induced by P. infestans elicitin INF1, a protein with characteristics of PAMPs. The P. infestans host-translocated RXLR-WY effector AVR3a is known to supress INF1-mediated cell death by binding the plant E3 ligase CMPG1. In contrast, AVR3aKI-Y147del, a deletion mutant of the C-terminal tyrosine of AVR3a, fails to bind CMPG1 and does not suppress INF1-mediated cell death. Here, we studied the extent to which AVR3a and its variants perturb additional BAK1/SERK3-dependent PTI responses in N. benthamiana using the elicitor/receptor pair flg22/FLS2 as a model. We found that all tested variants of AVR3a suppress defense responses triggered by flg22 and reduce internalization of activated FLS2. Moreover, we discovered that AVR3a associates with the Dynamin-Related Protein 2 (DRP2), a plant GTPase implicated in receptor-mediated endocytosis. Interestingly, silencing of DRP2 impaired ligand-induced FLS2 internalization but did not affect internalization of the growth receptor BRI1. Our results suggest that AVR3a associates with a key cellular trafficking and membrane-remodeling complex involved in immune receptor-mediated endocytosis. We conclude that AVR3a is a multifunctional effector that can suppress BAK1/SERK3-mediated immunity through at least two different pathways.
The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.
Angela
A
Chaparro-Garcia
The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.
Simon
S
Schwizer
The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.
Jan
J
Sklenar
The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.
Kentaro
K
Yoshida
The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.
Benjamin
B
Petre
The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.
Jorunn I B
JI
Bos
The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.
Sebastian
S
Schornack
The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.
Alexandra M E
AM
Jones
The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.
Tolga O
TO
Bozkurt
The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.
Sophien
S
Kamoun
D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000235:genetics; D034281:Dynamins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000276:immunology; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D000069452:Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D055750:Phytophthora infestans / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D057865:Plant Immunity / Q000235:genetics*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000378:metabolism; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
C562170:AVR3a protein, Phytophthora infestans; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D000069452:Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules; D011506:Proteins; D037521:Virulence Factors; C085101:elicitin, Phytophthora; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D011494:Protein Kinases; C463660:BAK1 protein, Arabidopsis; C411853:FLS2 protein, Arabidopsis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C434467:ADL6 protein, Arabidopsis; D034281:Dynamins