Long-term efficacy of hepatitis B vaccination as post-transplant prophylaxis in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive recipients and HBsAg negative recipients of anti-hepatitis B core positive grafts.
OBJECTIVE
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation after liver transplantation in HBV patients, or in HBV negative recipients of anti-hepatitis B core (HBc) positive grafts, has been prevented by prophylactic use of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and/or nucleoside/nucleotide analogs (NA). Vaccination against HBV is an alternative that may provide a chance to discontinue prophylaxis by producing anti-hepatitis B surface (HBs) antibodies.


METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed 40 HBV positive recipients (HBV+ group) and 27 HBV negative recipients of anti-HBc positive grafts (HBV-/anti-HBc+ graft group), who were administrated double-dose hepatitis B vaccination. Recipients were regarded as responders when anti-HBs greater than 100 IU/L was maintained for 6 months or more without HBIG. Response rates of vaccine and long-term outcomes were analyzed.


RESULTS
Eighteen of the 40 patients in the HBV+ group (45%) and 18 of the 27 patients in the HBV-/anti-HBc+ graft group (67%) responded to vaccination after a median of four and three times, respectively. Younger age was the only independent factor associated with vaccine response in the HBV-/anti-HBc+ graft group (P = 0.03), whereas no factor was found to be an independent predictor for vaccine response in the HBV+ group. Among the 18 responders in the HBV+ group, 17 remained without NA or HBIG 8.2 years after the start of vaccination. Ten of those required periodic booster vaccination. All 18 responders in the HBV-/anti-HBc+ graft group remained free from HBV prophylaxis 6.2 years after the start of vaccination.


CONCLUSIONS
Younger recipients have a greater chance to develop sufficient anti-HBs after double-dose HBV vaccination, leading to discontinue HBV prophylaxis.
Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Atsushi
A
Yoshizawa
Organ Transplantation Unit, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Noriyo
N
Yamashiki
Organ Transplantation Unit, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.|Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Yoshihide
Y
Ueda
Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.|Organ Transplantation Unit, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Toshimi
T
Kaido
Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Hideaki
H
Okajima
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Hiroyuki
H
Marusawa
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Tsutomu
T
Chiba
Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.|Organ Transplantation Unit, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Shinji
S
Uemoto
antibody to hepatitis B core antigen; antiviral agents; hepatitis B hyperimmunoglobulin