Prevalence of ten putative virulence genes in the emerging foodborne pathogen Arcobacter isolated from food products.
Arcobacter spp. are considered to be emerging food- and waterborne pathogens for both humans and animals. However, their virulence mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this study the presence of ten virulence genes (cadF, ciaB, cj1349, hecA, hecB, mviN, pldA, irgA, tlyA and iroE) was assessed in a set of 47 strains of Arcobacter butzleri, 10 of Arcobacter cryaerophilus and 1 Arcobacter skirrowii strain recovered from different food products (pork, chicken, beef, milk, clams and mussels). Overall, the genes cadF, ciaB, cj1349, mviN, pldA and tlyA were detected in all A. butzleri and A. skirrowii strains. Lower detection rates were observed for irgA, iroE, hecA and hecB. The genes hecB and iroE were detected neither in A. cryaerophilus nor in A. skirrowii. The genes hecA and irgA were not detected in A. skirrowii. It was noteworthy that the genes hecA and hecB were significantly (P < 0.05) highly detected in A. butzleri strains isolated from clams compared with strains isolated from milk and chicken. Therefore, our findings underline clams as a source of A. butzleri strains with high prevalence of putative virulence genes. This could be hazardous to human health, especially because these bivalves are usually consumed raw or undercooked.
Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain.
Cecilia
C
Girbau
Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain.
Cristian
C
Guerra
Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain.
Irati
I
Martínez-Malaxetxebarria
Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain.
Rodrigo
R
Alonso
Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain. Electronic address: aurora.fernandez@ehu.eus.
Aurora
A
Fernández-Astorga
D000818:Animals; D020640:Arcobacter / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D049872:Bivalvia; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology*; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology*; D012758:Shellfish / Q000382:microbiology*; D013552:Swine; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D037521:Virulence Factors
Arcobacter; Food; Prevalence; Virulence genes