Coagulation and ablation patterns of high-intensity focused ultrasound on a tissue-mimicking phantom and cadaveric skin.
High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) can be applied noninvasively to create focused zones of tissue coagulation on various skin layers. We performed a comparative study of HIFU, evaluating patterns of focused tissue coagulation and ablation upon application thereof. A tissue-mimicking (TM) phantom was prepared with bovine serum albumin and polyacrylamide hydrogel to evaluate the geometric patterns of HIFU-induced thermal injury zones (TIZs) for five different HIFU devices. Additionally, for each device, we investigated histologic patterns of HIFU-induced coagulation and ablation in serial sections of cadaveric skin of the face and neck. All HIFU devices generated remarkable TIZs in the TM phantom, with different geometric values of coagulation for each device. Most of the TIZs seemed to be separated into two or more tiny parts. In cadaveric skin, characteristic patterns of HIFU-induced ablation and coagulation were noted along the mid to lower dermis at the focal penetration depth of 3 mm and along subcutaneous fat to the superficial musculoaponeurotic system or the platysma muscle of the neck at 4.5 mm. Additionally, remarkable pre-focal areas of tissue coagulation were observed in the upper and mid dermis at the focal penetration depth of 3 mm and mid to lower dermis at 4.5 mm. For five HIFU devices, we outlined various patterns of HIFU-induced TIZ formation along pre-focal, focal, and post-focal areas of TM phantom and cadaveric skin of the face and neck.
Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
Hee-Jin
HJ
Kim
Baekseol Gonju Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
Han Gu
HG
Kim
Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 120-752, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Dermatology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China.
Zhenlong
Z
Zheng
Maylin Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
Hyoun Jun
HJ
Park
Yonseifams Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
Jeung Hyun
JH
Yoon
Samsung Feel Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
Wook
W
Oh
WITH ME Clinic, Incheon, Korea.
Cheol Woo
CW
Lee
Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 120-752, Seoul, Korea. drsbcho@gmail.com.|Kangskin Dermatology Clinic, Seoul, Korea. drsbcho@gmail.com.
Sung Bin
SB
Cho
D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002102:Cadaver; D002417:Cattle; D057086:High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology*
Ablation; Cadaver; Coagulation; Comparison study; High-intensity focused ultrasound; Tissue phantom