Macrophages and dendritic cells in the post-testicular environment.
Macrophages (MΦ) and dendritic cells (DCs) are heterogeneous families of functionally and developmentally related immune cells that play crucial roles in tissue homeostasis and the regulation of immune responses. During the past 5 years, immunologists have generated a considerable amount of data that challenge dogmas about the ontogeny and functions of these highly versatile cells. The male excurrent duct system plays a critical role in the establishment of fertility by allowing sperm maturation, transport and storage. In addition, it is challenged by pathogens and must establish a protective and tolerogenic environment for a continuous flow of autoantigenic spermatozoa. The post-testicular environment and, in particular, the epididymis contain an intricate network of DCs and MΦ; however, the immunophysiology of this intriguing and highly specialized mucosal system is poorly understood. This review summarizes the current trends in mouse MΦ and DC biology and speculates about their roles in the steady-state epididymis. Unraveling immune cell functions in the male reproductive tract is an essential prerequisite for the design of innovative strategies aimed at controlling male fertility and treating infertility.
Division of Nephrology, Center for Systems Biology and Program in Membrane Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 8.218, Boston, MA 02114-2790, USA. dasilva.nicolas@mgh.harvard.edu.
Nicolas
N
Da Silva
Division of Nephrology, Center for Systems Biology and Program in Membrane Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 8.218, Boston, MA 02114-2790, USA.
Claire R
CR
Barton
D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D004822:Epididymis / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D013079:Sperm Maturation; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology
D000941:Antigens
Antigen-presenting cells; Dendritic cells; Epididymis; Macrophages; Peripheral tolerance; Sperm maturation; Spermatozoa