Antibiofilm efficacy of silver nanoparticles as a vehicle for calcium hydroxide medicament against Enterococcus faecalis.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present study was to investigate antibacterial characteristic and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilm suppression effect of different vehicles of calcium hydroxide as intracanal medicaments in short and long-term.


METHODS
Fifty-four human single-root teeth were contaminated with E. faecalis bacteria. The teeth were randomly divided into three experimental (n=16) and one control group (n=6). Each group was then exposed to various intracanal medicaments, namely calcium hydroxide paste (group 1), calcium hydroxide with chlorhexidine (group 2), calcium hydroxide with silver nanoparticles suspension (AgNPs) (group 3), and saline as the control group (group 4). Cultures were made from each group after one week and one month, and the number of colonies was counted. Moreover, a sample of each group was examined under electron microscope. Kruskal-Wallis test served for inter-group comparisons, and Mann-Whitney test served for comparison between the two incubation periods.


RESULTS
All the intracanal medicaments resulted in significant decrease in number of colonies compared to control group in both incubation periods. After one week, the mixture of calcium hydroxide and AgNPs was the most effective medicament against E. faecalis bacteria (p<.05). No significant difference in antibacterial effect of the medicaments existed after one month incubation period (p>.05).


CONCLUSIONS
AgNPs was more effective on the E. faecalis biofilm than other tested vehicles in short-term medication.


CONCLUSIONS
AgNPs seems to have a good potential to be used as an appropriate vehicle of calcium hydroxide in order to eliminate of E. faecalis biofilm from human dentine in short-term.
Department of Endodontics, Dental Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: farzaneh_afkhami@yahoo.com.
Farzaneh
F
Afkhami
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Seyyed Jalal
SJ
Pourhashemi
Department of Endodontics, Dental Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran.
Mona
M
Sadegh
General dentist, Tehran, Iran.
Yasaman
Y
Salehi
Dental Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mohammad Javad Kharrazi
MJ
Fard
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000187:drug effects; D003804:Dentin / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000494:pharmacology; D012834:Silver / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D012834:Silver; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D002710:Chlorhexidine
Calcium hydroxide; Medicament; Nano particles; Root canal disinfection