Vitamin D inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response potentially through the Toll-like receptor 4 signalling pathway in the intestine and enterocytes of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian).
The present study was conducted to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of vitamin D both in juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) in vivo and in enterocytes in vitro. In primary enterocytes, exposure to 10 mg lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/l increased lactate dehydrogenase activity in the culture medium (P<0·05) and resulted in a significant loss of cell viability (P<0·05). LPS exposure increased (P<0·05) the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8), which was decreased by pre-treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D3) in a dose-dependent manner (P<0·05). Further results showed that pre-treatment with 1,25D3 down-regulated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (Myd88) and NF-κB p65 mRNA expression (P<0·05), suggesting potential mechanisms against LPS-induced inflammatory response. In vivo, intraperitoneal injection of LPS significantly increased TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA expression in the intestine of carp (P<0·05). Pre-treatment of fish with vitamin D3 protected the fish intestine from the LPS-induced increase of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 mainly by downregulating TLR4, Myd88 and NF-κB p65 mRNA expression (P<0·05). These observations suggest that vitamin D could inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory response in juvenile Jian carp in vivo and in enterocytes in vitro. The anti-inflammatory effect of vitamin D is mediated at least in part by TLR4-Myd88 signalling pathways in the intestine and enterocytes of juvenile Jian carp.
1Department of Aquaculture,College of Animal Science and Technology,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,People's Republic of China.
Jun
J
Jiang
1Department of Aquaculture,College of Animal Science and Technology,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,People's Republic of China.
Dan
D
Shi
2Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,People's Republic of China.
Xiao-Qiu
XQ
Zhou
1Department of Aquaculture,College of Animal Science and Technology,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,People's Republic of China.
Long
L
Yin
2Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,People's Republic of China.
Lin
L
Feng
2Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,People's Republic of China.
Wei-Dan
WD
Jiang
2Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,People's Republic of China.
Yang
Y
Liu
2Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,People's Republic of China.
Ling
L
Tang
2Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,People's Republic of China.
Pei
P
Wu
1Department of Aquaculture,College of Animal Science and Technology,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,People's Republic of China.
Ye
Y
Zhao
D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002347:Carps / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D020895:Enterocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000187:drug effects*; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014807:Vitamin D; D002762:Cholecalciferol; C097949:1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
1; 25-dihydroxyvitamin D; 25D3 1; Cyprinus carpio var. Jian; DMEM Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium; Enterocytes; LDH lactate dehydrogenase; LPS lipopolysaccharide; Lipopolysaccharides; MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinases; TLR4 Toll-like receptor 4; Toll-like receptor 4-myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 signalling pathway