Coronal joint spaces of the Temporomandibular joint: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
The joint space measurements of the temporomandibular joint have been used to determine the condyle position variation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the coronal joint spaces measurements of the temporomandibular joint.


METHODS
An electronic database search was performed with the terms "condylar position"; "joint space"AND"TMJ". Inclusionary criteria included: tomographic 3D imaging of the TMJ, presentation of at least two joint space measurements on the coronal plane. Exclusionary criteria were: mandibular fractures, animal studies, surgery, presence of genetic or chronic diseases, case reports, opinion or debate articles or unpublished material. The risk of bias of each study was judged as high, moderate or low according to the "Cochrane risk of bias tool". The values used in the meta-analysis were the medial, superior and lateral joint space measurements and their differences between the right and left joint.


RESULTS
From the initial search 2706 articles were retrieved. After excluding the duplicates and all the studies that did not match the eligibility criteria 4 articles classified for final review. All the retrieved articles were judged as low level of evidence. All of the reviewed studies were included in the meta-analysis concluding that the mean coronal joint space values were: medial joint space 2.94 mm, superior 2.55 mm and lateral 2.16 mm.


CONCLUSIONS
the analysis also showed high levels of heterogeneity. Right and left comparison did not show statistically significant differences. Key words:Temporomandibular joint, systematic review, meta-analysis.
Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal. Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto.
Eugénio
E
Martins
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto.
Joana-Cristina
JC
Silva
Departamento de matemática, Universidade de Trás-os-montes e Alto Douro.
Carlos A
CA
Pires
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto.
Maria-João-Feio
MJ
Ponces-Ramalhão
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto.
Jorge-Dias
JD
Lopes