Position Effect on Facial Soft Tissue Depths: A Sonographic Investigation.
The head is positioned erect for an approximation; yet most facial soft tissue depths (FSTD) used are measured from supine subjects. Depth difference might be significant, but there is a paucity of data to verify. This study compared erect and supine values for 17 landmarks from 30 healthy New Zealand (European population affinity) women (18-30 or 40-55 years) in erect then supine positions. Height, weight, and sonographic FSTD data, totaling 1020 measurements, were obtained. Three midline and seven averaged bilateral values were compared using ANOVA, p values, and Pearson's correlations. Correlative strength of age and body mass index, BMI (kg/m(2) ), was determined by values. Results showed averaged erect and supine differences were significant for four of ten FSTDs. Between individuals, difference was various and not unidirectional. In conclusion, depth differences were observed but not all significant or unidirectional, BMI significantly influenced nine FSTD values, but age group did not.
Otago Radiology, Suite 1, Marinoto Clinic, 72 Newington Ave., Dunedin, 9010, New Zealand.
Louisa J
LJ
Baillie
Department of Anatomy - Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.|Otago Radiology, Suite 1, Marinoto Clinic, 72 Newington Ave., Dunedin, 9010, New Zealand.
Jillian C
JC
Muirhead
Department of Anatomy - Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
Phil
P
Blyth
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
Brian E
BE
Niven
Department of Anatomy - Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
George J
GJ
Dias
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D018732:Forensic Anthropology; D006257:Head; D006801:Humans; D009520:New Zealand; D012016:Reference Values; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult
European population affinity (Caucasoid); body mass index; facial approximation; facial soft tissue depth; forensic science; gravitational distortion; ultrasound