Novel Mediators of Adipose Tissue and Muscle Crosstalk.
The crosstalk between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle has gained considerable interest, since this process, specifically in obesity, substantially drives the pathogenesis of muscle insulin resistance. In this review, we discuss novel concepts and targets of this bidirectional organ communication system. This includes adipo-myokines like apelin and FGF21, inflammasomes, autophagy, and microRNAs (miRNAs). Literature analysis shows that the crosstalk between fat and muscle involves both extracellular molecules and intracellular organelles. We conclude that integration of these multiple crosstalk elements into one network will be required to better understand this process.
Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Ira
I
Indrakusuma
Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. Henrike.Sell@ddz.uni-duesseldorf.de.
Henrike
H
Sell
Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Jürgen
J
Eckel
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000073861:Apelin; D015444:Exercise; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D020239:Receptor Cross-Talk / Q000502:physiology*
C115436:APLN protein, human; D000073861:Apelin; D058847:Inflammasomes; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D035683:MicroRNAs; C414620:fibroblast growth factor 21; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors
Adipo-myokines; Autophagy; Inflammasomes; Interorgan crosstalk; miRNA