Cytogenetic and Molecular Evidence of Additional Cryptic Diversity in High Elevation Black fly Simulium feuerborni (Diptera: Simuliidae) Populations in Southeast Asia.
Simulium feuerborni Edwards is geographically widespread in Southeast Asia. Previous cytogenetic study in Thailand revealed that this species is a species complex composed of two cytoforms (A and B). In this study, we cytologically examined specimens obtained from the Cameron Highlands, Malaysia, and Puncak, Java, Indonesia. The results revealed two additional cytoforms (C and D) of S. feuerborni. Specimens from Malaysia represent cytoform C, differentiated from other cytoforms by a fixed chromosome inversion on the long arm of chromosome III (IIIL-5). High frequencies of the B chromosome (33-83%) were also observed in this cytoform. Specimens from Indonesia represent the cytoform D. This cytoform is differentiated from others by a fixed chromosome inversion difference on the long arm of chromosome II (IIL-4). Mitochondrial DNA sequences support genetic differentiation among cytoforms A, B, and C. The pairwise F(ST) values among these cytoforms were highly significantly consistent with the divergent lineages of the cytoforms in a median-joining haplotype network. However, a lack of the sympatric populations prevented us from testing the species status of the cytoforms.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand. Biodiversity and Traditional Knowledge Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand. Corresponding author, e-mail: pairot.p@msu.ac.th.
Pairot
P
Pramual
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.
Jiraporn
J
Thaijarern
Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
Mohd
M
Sofian-Azirun
Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
Zubaidah
Z
Ya'cob
Division of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia. Jl Agatis Kampus IPB Darmaga Bogor 16680.
Upik Kesumawati
UK
Hadi
Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
Hiroyuki
H
Takaoka
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D007446:Chromosome Inversion; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D007214:Indonesia; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012843:Simuliidae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013785:Thailand
D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D019476:Insect Proteins
Simuliidae; Simulium; polytene chromosome; species complex