Men's condom use resistance: Alcohol effects on theory of planned behavior constructs.
OBJECTIVE
This study is a novel investigation of (a) the utility of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to predict men's condom use resistance (CUR; i.e., attempts to avoid condom use with a partner who wants to use one and (b) the effects of alcohol on endorsement of TPB-CUR constructs.


METHODS
Using an alcohol administration protocol, a between- and within-subjects experiment was conducted with a community sample of 312 young male nonproblem drinkers who have sex with women. After assessing endorsement of TPB-CUR constructs (e.g., attitudes, norms, self-efficacy, control, and intentions) in a sober state, beverage condition was experimentally manipulated between subjects and endorsement of TPB-CUR constructs was reassessed.


RESULTS
Analyses included repeated measures multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) with beverage condition (no alcohol vs. alcohol) as the between-subjects factor and time (prebeverage vs. postbeverage) as the within-subjects factor. Between-subjects, intoxicated participants reported significantly stronger CUR intentions, more favorable CUR attitudes and normative perceptions, and greater CUR self-efficacy than sober participants. There were significant within-subject changes for CUR intentions, attitudes, normative perceptions, and self-efficacy. Neither between- nor within-subjects effects were found for CUR control. An exploratory multigroup path analysis indicated that the relationships among the TPB-CUR constructs were similar for alcohol and no alcohol groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Findings indicated that alcohol intoxication increased men's CUR intentions and self-efficacy and led to more positive CUR attitudes and norms, yet had no effect on CUR control. Future research should examine whether there are similar effects of intoxication on TPB constructs related to other sexual risk behaviors.
School of Social Work, University of Washington.
Kelly Cue
KC
Davis
Prevention Research Center, Wayne State University.
Angela J
AJ
Jacques-Tiura
Institutional Research and Decision Support, University of California Merced.
Cynthia A
CA
Stappenbeck
School of Social Work, University of Washington.
Cinnamon L
CL
Danube
Diane M
DM
Morrison
Jeanette
J
Norris
William H
WH
George
D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D001290:Attitude; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011582:Psychological Theory; D012309:Risk-Taking; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D066262:Social Norms; D012938:Social Perception; D055815:Young Adult