A two-stage epidemiological study of eating disorders and muscle dysmorphia in male university students in Buenos Aires.
OBJECTIVE
Studies using traditional screening instruments tend to report a lower prevalence of eating disorders (EDs) in men than is observed in women. It is therefore unclear whether such instruments are valid for the assessment of ED in males. Lack of a formal diagnostic definition of muscle dysmorphia syndrome (MD) makes it difficult to identify men at risk. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of ED and MD in male university students of Buenos Aires.


METHODS
A cross-sectional, two-stage, representative survey was of 472 male students from six different schools in Buenos Aires, mostly aged between 18 and 28 years. The first stage involved administration of self-report questionnaires (Eating Attitude Test-26; scores ≥15 indicate "at risk" status). In Stage 2 students at risk of developing EDs were evaluated with a clinical interview, the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE; 12th edition). Two control students were interviewed for every at risk student.


RESULTS
The prevalence of EDs among university male students was 1.9% (n = 9). All participants with an ED presented with illness classified as eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS). Using the Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) with a 52-point threshold we identified possible MD in 6.99% (n = 33) of the sample.


CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of ED detected in this study is comparable with previous findings in male populations, and below that observed in female populations. However, the prevalence of possible cases of MD resembles the total rate of EDs in women. Characteristics associated with EDs and MD in men are also discussed.
Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.|Research Department, Fundación Foro, Buenos Aires, Argentina.|School of Human and Behavioral Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Emilio J
EJ
Compte
Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Ana R
AR
Sepulveda
School of Human and Behavioral Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.|Department of Cognitive Psychotherapy, Institute of Cognitive Neurology (INECO), Buenos Aires, Argentina.|UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile.
Fernando
F
Torrente
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001118:Argentina / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult
Buenos Aires; eating behaviors; males; muscle dysmorphia; prevalence; university