Histamine levels in embryonic chicken livers infected with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus.
Histamine is an endogenous nitrogenous compound with extensive effects on immunologic cells and involved in many physiological functions. The current aim was to determine histamine levels in embryonic liver and its association with the pathogenicity of a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) isolate serially passaged in chicken embryos. A vvIBDV isolate and the passaged viruses were inoculated into SPF embryonated chicken eggs (0.2 ml per egg) via the chorioallantoic membrane. Embryonic livers were collected at 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h post-inoculation and histamine contents were quantified by fluorescence spectrophotometry analyses. Results showed that the histamine content in embryonic livers infected with the original vvIBDV isolate and the early passaged viruses significantly increased 48 h post-inoculation, as compared with the adapted IBDV isolate (p<0.01) and controls (p<0.01), with the concentration peaking from 72 h to 96 h. Most of the infected chicken embryos died from 48 h to 96 h post-inoculation. Moreover, the histamine content in dead embryos was markedly increased compared with live embryos (p<0.05), peaking at 72 h post-inoculation (p<0.01). There was an association between histamine content in embryonic livers and an elevation in histidine decarboxylase activity. Taken together, our results suggest that an excess of histamine correlates with inflammatory responses during vvIBDV infection. This study provides an incremental step in the understanding of the pathogenesis of vvIBDV.
Animal Science and Technology College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Tianjin road 70, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: my86369@163.com.
Yinju
Y
Li
Animal Science and Technology College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Tianjin road 70, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China.
Lei
L
He
Animal Science and Technology College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Tianjin road 70, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China.
Xiangchao
X
Cheng
Animal Science and Technology College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Tianjin road 70, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China.
Jing
J
Li
Animal Science and Technology College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Tianjin road 70, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China.
Yanyan
Y
Jia
Animal Science and Technology College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Tianjin road 70, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China.
Danfang
D
Yang
D000818:Animals; D018175:Birnaviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology*; D002645:Chickens; D006632:Histamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D006640:Histidine Decarboxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D007243:Infectious bursal disease virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019562:Viral Load; D014774:Virulence
D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D012367:RNA, Viral; D006632:Histamine; D006640:Histidine Decarboxylase
Chicken embryo; HDC; Histamine; Infectious bursal disease virus; vvIBDV