An immunoregulatory peptide from tsetse fly salivary glands of Glossina morsitans morsitans.
Tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans is an important insect vector of African trypanosomes, which cause human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). As other hematophagous arthropods, tsetse fly relies heavily on the pharmacological propriety of their saliva to suppress host's immune reactions and get blood meal. However little information is available on immune regulators from testes fly. An immunoregulatory peptide named Gloss 2 containing amino acid sequence of QKNDTAFSCHFFEIYL SNCFNKEKYIKNYLQIM has been identified from salivary glands of the tsetse fly of G. morsitans morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae). Gloss 2 has the ability to inhibit the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mouse splenocytes. Besides, Gloss 2 significantly suppressed the LPS-induced activation of MAPK signaling pathway through blocking phosphorylations of JNK, Erk and P38. Gloss 2 probably inhibits host inflammatory responses by inhibiting secretion of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-6. Considering IL-10's ability to promote humoral immune responses by enhancing class II expression B cells and inducing immunoglobulin (Ig) production, Gloss 2 may inhibit host humoral immune response by inhibiting IL-10 secretion. The immune-suppression may facilitate the blood feeding of tsetse fly and transmission of African trypanosomes to hosts.
Life Sciences College of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
Xuewei
X
Bai
Life Sciences College of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
Huimin
H
Yao
Life Sciences College of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
Canwei
C
Du
Life Sciences College of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
Yan
Y
Chen
Life Sciences College of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China. Electronic address: rlai72@njau.edu.cn.
Ren
R
Lai
Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China. Electronic address: rongmingqiang@mail.kiz.ac.cn.
Mingqiang
M
Rong
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010455:Peptides / Q000276:immunology*; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000276:immunology*; D014370:Tsetse Flies / Q000276:immunology*
D019476:Insect Proteins; D010455:Peptides
Immunosuppressant peptide; Salivary gland; Tsetse fly