Evaluation of storage and evaporation in the removal efficiency of D-norgestrel and progesterone in human urine.
Pharmaceuticals are emerging contaminants and it must be noted that approximately 70 % of them are excreted via urine. Therefore, urine usage implies the risk of transfer of pharmaceutical residues to agricultural fields and environment contamination. Thus, this study aimed on the development and validation of a LC-MS/MS method for D-norgestrel (D-NOR) and progesterone (PRO) determination in human urine, as well as the evaluation of the removal efficiency of two methods (storage and evaporation), and the effects of acidification with sulfuric acid. The storage process was evaluated for 6 weeks, while the evaporation was assessed at three different temperatures (50, 75, and 100 °C). All experiments were done with normal urine (pH = 6.0) and acidified urine (pH = 2.0, with sulfuric acid). The results of validation showed good method efficiency. In the second week of storage, higher hormone degradation was observed. In the evaporation method, both D-NOR and PRO were almost completely degraded when the volume was reduced to the lowermost level. Results also indicate that acidification did not affect degradation. Overall, the results showed that combination of two methods can be employed for more efficient hormone removal in urine.
Tommasi Analítica Laboratory, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
Priscilla Garozi
PG
Zanchetta
Tommasi Analítica Laboratory, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
Otávio
O
Heringer
Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Vila Velha/UVV-ES, Comissário José Dantas de Melo St., 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, 29102-770, Brazil. rodrigo.scherer@uvv.br.
Rodrigo
R
Scherer
Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Vila Velha/UVV-ES, Comissário José Dantas de Melo St., 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, 29102-770, Brazil.
Henrique Poltronieri
HP
Pacheco
Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil.
Ricardo
R
Gonçalves
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
Angelina
A
Pena
D000328:Adult; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000652:urine; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008297:Male; D011374:Progesterone / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000652:urine; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013048:Specimen Handling; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D013696:Temperature; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry*; D014835:Volatilization; D055815:Young Adult
D011374:Progesterone; D016912:Levonorgestrel
Evaporation; Hormones; Human urine; LC-MS/MS; Storage