Simultaneous Stress and Field Control of Sustainable Switching of Ferroelectric Phases.
In ferroelectrics, manifestation of a strong electromechanical coupling is attributed to both engineered domain morphology and phase transformations. However, realization of large sustainable and reversible strains and polarization rotation has been limited by fatigue, nonlinearity and hysteresis losses. Here, we demonstrate that large strain and polarization rotation can be generated for over 40 × 10(6) cycles with little fatigue by realization of a reversible ferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition in [011] cut Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PIN-PMN-PT) relaxor ferroelectric single crystal. Direct tuning of this effect through combination of stress and applied electric field, confirmed both macroscopically and microscopically with x-ray and Raman scattering, reveals the local symmetry while sweeping through the transition with a low applied electric field (<0.2 MV/m) under mechanical stress. The observed change in local symmetry as determined by x-ray scattering confirms a proposed polarization rotation mechanism corresponding to a transition between rhombohedral and orthorhombic phases. These results shed more light onto the nature of this reversible transformation between two ferroelectric phases and advance towards the development of a wide range of ferroic and multiferroic devices.
US Naval research Laboratory, Washington DC, 20375.
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P
Finkel
US Naval research Laboratory, Washington DC, 20375.
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M
Staruch
Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC), Newport, Rhode Island 02841, USA.
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Amin
Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington DC 20015, USA.
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M
Ahart
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, USA.
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Lofland