Prospective study of dietary inflammatory index and risk of breast cancer in Swedish women.
BACKGROUND
The role of diet in breast cancer (BrCa) aetiology has been studied widely. Although the results are inconsistent, dietary components have been implicated through their effects on inflammation. We examined the association between a dietary inflammatory index (DII) and BrCa incidence in the Swedish Women's Lifestyle Study.


METHODS
The DII was computed at baseline from a validated 80-item food frequency questionnaire in a cohort of 49 258 women, among whom 1895 incident BrCa cases were identified through linkage with the National Cancer Registry through 2011. We used multivariable Cox proportional models to estimate hazard ratios (HR).


RESULTS
Positive associations were observed between DII and BrCa (HRDII quartile 4 vs 1=1.18; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.39), with somewhat stronger associations in postmenopausal women (HRDII quartile 4 vs 1=1.22; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.46).


CONCLUSIONS
A proinflammatory diet appears to increase the risk of developing BrCa, especially in postmenopausal women.
Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.|Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
Nitin
N
Shivappa
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 281, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.
Sven
S
Sandin
Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Marie
M
Löf
Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.|Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
James R
JR
Hébert
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 281, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.|Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Hans-Olov
HO
Adami
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 281, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.|Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.|Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.|Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.
Elisabete
E
Weiderpass
D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology