Oral administration of veratric acid, a constituent of vegetables and fruits, prevents cardiovascular remodelling in hypertensive rats: a functional evaluation.
In our previous studies, veratric acid (VA) shows beneficial effect on hypertension and its associated dyslipidaemia. In continuation, this study was designed to investigate the effect of VA, one of the major benzoic acid derivatives from vegetables and fruits, on cardiovascular remodelling in hypertensive rats, primarily assessed by functional studies using Langendorff isolated heart system and organ bath system. Hypertension was induced in male albino Wistar rats by oral administration of N ω -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME) (40 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) in drinking water for 4 weeks. VA was orally administered at a dose of 40 mg/kg b.w. l-NAME-treated rats showed impaired cardiac ventricular and vascular function, evaluated by Langendorff isolated heart system and organ bath studies, respectively; a significant increase in the lipid peroxidation products such as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxides in aorta; and a significant decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and levels of GSH, vitamin C and vitamin E in aorta. Fibrotic remodelling of the aorta and heart were assessed by Masson's Trichrome staining and Van Gieson's staining, respectively. In addition, l-NAME rats showed increased heart fibronectin expression assessed by immunohistochemical analysis. VA supplementation throughout the experimental period significantly normalised cardiovascular function, oxidative stress, antioxidant status and fibrotic remodelling of tissues. These results of the present study conclude that VA acts as a protective agent against hypertension-associated cardiovascular remodelling.
1Department of Physiology,College of Medicine,University of Arizona Health Sciences Center,Tucson,AZ 85724,USA.
Murugesan
M
Saravanakumar
2Cardiovascular Biology Lab,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science,Annamalai University,Annamalainagar,Tamil Nadu 608002,India.
Boobalan
B
Raja
2Cardiovascular Biology Lab,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science,Annamalai University,Annamalainagar,Tamil Nadu 608002,India.
Jeganathan
J
Manivannan
2Cardiovascular Biology Lab,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science,Annamalai University,Annamalainagar,Tamil Nadu 608002,India.
Thangarasu
T
Silambarasan
2Cardiovascular Biology Lab,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science,Annamalai University,Annamalainagar,Tamil Nadu 608002,India.
Pichavaram
P
Prahalathan
2Cardiovascular Biology Lab,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science,Annamalai University,Annamalainagar,Tamil Nadu 608002,India.
Subramanian
S
Kumar
4Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology,Indian Veterinary Research Institute,Izatnagar,Uttar Pradesh 243122,India.
Santosh Kumar
SK
Mishra
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014641:Vanillic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D066253:Vascular Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects*; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000378:metabolism
D000975:Antioxidants; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014810:Vitamin E; C009333:veratric acid; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D014641:Vanillic Acid; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester
ACh acetylcholine; CAT catalase; Cardiovascular remodelling; FN fibronectin; Fibrosis; GPx glutathione peroxidase; Hypertension; LOOH lipid hydroperoxides; Oxidative stress; SOD superoxide dismutase; TBARS thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances; VA veratric acid; Veratric acid; b.w. body weight; l-NAME Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride