Toki-shakuyaku-san, a Japanese kampo medicine, reduces colon inflammation in a mouse model of acute colitis.
Toki-shakuyaku-san (TOKI) is a Japanese kampo medicine, which consists of a mixture of herbal medicines and considered to be a promising remedial agent due to its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. We examined the beneficial effects of TOKI in inflammatory bowel disease associated with the inflammation of the intestinal barrier. A study was designed, using C57BL/6 female mice and were administered with 3% DSS in drinking water for 8days with or without 1g/kg/day TOKI orally for the last 3days and a normal group supplied with plain drinking water for 8days. TOKI treatment attenuated the clinical symptoms of acute murine colitis and also alleviated the inflammatory mechanism by reducing the inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1β, IL-2, TGF-β, RAGE and TLR2. It has also decreased the levels of CHOP, caspase12, cleaved caspase3 and cleaved caspase7 and thereby down-regulated the endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptotic signaling induced by DSS. Moreover, the expression levels of cyclin D1 and c-kit have also confirmed the beneficial role of TOKI in colitis. All these data suggested that TOKI can be a promising agent for the treatment of colitis since it alleviates the disease progression and severity.
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan.
Remya
R
Sreedhar
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan.
Somasundaram
S
Arumugam
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Rajarajan A
RA
Thandavarayan
J.K.K Nataraja College of Pharmacy, Natarajapuram, Komarapalayam, 638183, Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu, India.
Vijayasree V
VV
Giridharan
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan.
Vengadeshprabhu
V
Karuppagounder
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan.
Vigneshwaran
V
Pitchaimani
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan.
Rejina
R
Afrin
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan.
Meilei
M
Harima
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan.
Takashi
T
Nakamura
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan.
Kazuyuki
K
Ueno
Department of Cardiology, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan.
Masahiko
M
Nakamura
Department of Gastroenterology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan.
Kenji
K
Suzuki
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan. Electronic address: watanabe@nupals.ac.jp.
Kenichi
K
Watanabe
D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003106:Colon / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D020835:Medicine, Kampo; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000187:drug effects
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016207:Cytokines; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; C413220:toki-shakuyaku-san; D016264:Dextran Sulfate
Apoptosis; Endoplasmic reticulum stress; Inflammation; Inflammatory bowel diseases; Kampo medicine; Toki-shakuyaku-san