The linker for activation of T cells (LAT) signaling hub: from signaling complexes to microclusters.
Since the cloning of the critical adapter, LAT (linker for activation of T cells), more than 15 years ago, a combination of multiple scientific approaches and techniques continues to provide valuable insights into the formation, composition, regulation, dynamics, and function of LAT-based signaling complexes. In this review, we will summarize current views on the assembly of signaling complexes nucleated by LAT. LAT forms numerous interactions with other signaling molecules, leading to cooperativity in the system. Furthermore, oligomerization of LAT by adapter complexes enhances intracellular signaling and is physiologically relevant. These results will be related to data from super-resolution microscopy studies that have revealed the smallest LAT-based signaling units and nanostructure.
From the Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4256.
Lakshmi
L
Balagopalan
the Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, and.
Robert L
RL
Kortum
the Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850.
Nathan P
NP
Coussens
From the Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4256.
Valarie A
VA
Barr
From the Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4256, samelsonl@helix.nih.gov.
Lawrence E
LE
Samelson
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D055503:Protein Multimerization / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C110810:LAT protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes
T-cell; adaptor protein; cooperativity; immunology; signal transduction