Mechanisms that contribute to the tendency to continue chemotherapy in patients with advanced cancer. Qualitative observations in the clinical setting.
OBJECTIVE
The study aims to describe mechanisms that contribute to the tendency towards continuing chemotherapy in patients with advanced cancer.


METHODS
The study conducted qualitative observations of outpatient clinic visits of 28 patients with advanced cancer (glioblastoma and metastatic colorectal cancer).


RESULTS
We uncovered four mechanisms in daily oncology practice that can contribute to the tendency towards continuing chemotherapy in patients with advanced cancer: (1) "presenting the full therapy sets the standard"--patients seemed to base their justification for continuing chemotherapy on the "standard" therapy with the maximum number of cycles as presented by the physician at the start of the treatment; (2) "focus on standard evaluation moments hampers evaluation of care goals"--whether or not to continue the treatment was mostly only considered at standard evaluation moments; (3) "opening question guides towards focus on symptoms"--most patients gave an update of their physical symptoms in answer to the opening question of "How are you doing?" Physicians consequently discussed how to deal with this at length, which often took up most of the visit; (4) "treatment is perceived as the only option"--patients mostly wanted to continue with chemotherapy because they felt that they had to try every available option the physician offered. Physicians also often seemed to focus on treatment as the only option.


CONCLUSIONS
Discussing care goals more regularly with the patient, facilitated for instance by implementing early palliative care, might help counter the mechanisms and enable a more well-considered decision. This could be either stopping or continuing chemotherapy.
Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care research, Expertise Center for Palliative Care, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Linda
L
Brom
Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care research, Expertise Center for Palliative Care, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Bregje D
BD
Onwuteaka-Philipsen
Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care research, Expertise Center for Palliative Care, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Medical Humanities, EMGO Institute for Health and Care research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Guy A M
GA
Widdershoven
Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care research, Expertise Center for Palliative Care, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. hrw.pasman@vumc.nl.
H Roeline W
HR
Pasman
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods*; D059039:Standard of Care; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000379:methods*
Aggressive care at the end of life; Chemotherapy; End-of-life care; Palliative care; Qualitative research