Characteristics of nitrogen balance in open-air and greenhouse vegetable cropping systems of China.
Nitrogen (N) loss from vegetable cropping systems has become a significant environmental issue in China. In this study, estimation of N balances in both open-air and greenhouse vegetable cropping systems in China was established. Results showed that the total N input in open-air and greenhouse vegetable cropping systems in 2010 was 5.44 and 2.60 Tg, respectively. Chemical fertilizer N input in the two cropping systems was 201 kg N ha(-1) per season (open-air) and 478 kg N ha(-1) per season (greenhouse). The N use efficiency (NUE) was 25.9 ± 13.3 and 19.7 ± 9.4% for open-air and greenhouse vegetable cropping systems, respectively, significantly lower than that of maize, wheat, and rice. Approximately 30.6% of total N input was accumulated in soils and 0.8% was lost by ammonia volatilization in greenhouse vegetable system, while N accumulation and ammonia volatilization accounted for 19.1 and 11.1%, respectively, of total N input in open-air vegetable systems.
State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
Chaopu
C
Ti
State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.|College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
Yongxia
Y
Luo
State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China. yanxy@issas.ac.cn.
Xiaoyuan
X
Yan
D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods; D002681:China; D004780:Environment, Controlled; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000032:analysis; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*
D005308:Fertilizers; D012987:Soil; D009584:Nitrogen
Ammonia volatilization; Groundwater pollution; Nitrogen input; Nitrogen leaching; Vegetable production