Do Sexually Oriented Massage Parlors Cluster in Specific Neighborhoods? A Spatial Analysis of Indoor Sex Work in Los Angeles and Orange Counties, California.
OBJECTIVE
Social determinants of health may be substantially affected by spatial factors, which together may explain the persistence of health inequities. Clustering of possible sources of negative health and social outcomes points to a spatial focus for future interventions. We analyzed the spatial clustering of sex work businesses in Southern California to examine where and why they cluster. We explored economic and legal factors as possible explanations of clustering.


METHODS
We manually coded data from a website used by paying members to post reviews of female massage parlor workers. We identified clusters of sexually oriented massage parlor businesses using spatial autocorrelation tests. We conducted spatial regression using census tract data to identify predictors of clustering.


RESULTS
A total of 889 venues were identified. Clusters of tracts having higher-than-expected numbers of sexually oriented massage parlors ("hot spots") were located outside downtowns. These hot spots were characterized by a higher proportion of adult males, a higher proportion of households below the federal poverty level, and a smaller average household size.


CONCLUSIONS
Sexually oriented massage parlors in Los Angeles and Orange counties cluster in particular neighborhoods. More research is needed to ascertain the causal factors of such clusters and how interventions can be designed to leverage these spatial factors.
Hunter College, City University of New York, Urban Affairs and Planning, New York, NY.
John J
JJ
Chin
Georgia Institute of Technology, City and Regional Planning, Atlanta, GA.
Anna J
AJ
Kim
University of California, Los Angeles, Urban Planning, Los Angeles, CA.
Lois
L
Takahashi
University of Pennsylvania, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
Douglas J
DJ
Wiebe
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D002140:California; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D015141:Los Angeles; D008297:Male; D008405:Massage / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D060386:Sex Workers / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D064890:Social Determinants of Health / Q000191:economics* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D062206:Spatial Analysis; D055815:Young Adult