Updates in the management of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable disease state characterized by persistent airflow limitation that is usually progressive and associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory process. It is increasingly recognized as a major public health problem, affecting more than 20 million adults in the US. It is also recognized as a leading cause of hospitalizations and is the fourth leading cause of death in the US. The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) operates to promote evidence-based management of COPD, increase awareness and encourage research. In 2011, GOLD published a consensus report detailing evidence-based management strategies for COPD, which were last updated in 2015. In recent years, newer strategies and a growing number of new pharmacologic agents to treat symptoms of COPD have also been introduced and show promise in improving the management of COPD. We aim to provide an evidence-based review of the available and upcoming pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatment options for stable COPD, with continued emphasis on evidence-based management.
a 1 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine , Kansas City, MO, USA.
Saiprasad
S
Narsingam
Andrew L
AL
Bozarth
Asem
A
Abdeljalil
D019468:Disease Management; D018450:Disease Progression; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; chronic bronchitis; diagnosis; emphysema; practice guidelines; therapeutics