Adenomyosis and its impact on women fertility.
Adenomyosis is a widespread disease affecting the reproductive period of women's life. In the last ten years, different pathogenetic hypotheses have been proposed to explain the initiation and development of the disease. This article aims to present and discuss the most important pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying adenomyosis development in order to clarify the relationship between adenomyosis and infertility. A PubMed search was undertaken for English language literature using the MeSH terms 'adenomyosis', 'infertility', 'treatment', and 'pathogenesis'. Although the exact etiology of adenomyosis is unknown, many theories have been proposed. We analysed the most important pathogenic theories expressed and evaluated the potential consequences on women fertility. A better comprehension of the adenomyosis pathogenesis has allowed realizing that adenomyosis may affect young women and may have a great impact on their fertility through different mechanisms. The understanding of these mechanisms helps to clarify the potential usefulness of current therapies.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IRCCS San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy.
Elisabetta
E
Garavaglia
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IRCCS San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy.
Serafini
S
Audrey
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IRCCS San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy.
Inversetti
I
Annalisa
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IRCCS San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy.
Ferrari
F
Stefano
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IRCCS San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy.
Tandoi
T
Iacopo
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IRCCS San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy.
Corti
C
Laura
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IRCCS San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy.
Candiani
C
Massimo
Adenomyosis; Hyperestrogenism; Infertility; Pathogenesis; Treatment