Rapid Bioassay-Guided Isolation of Antibacterial Clerodane Type Diterpenoid from Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jaeq.
Plant extracts are complex matrices and, although crude extracts are widely in use, purified compounds are pivotal in drug discovery. This study describes the application of automated preparative-HPLC combined with a rapid off-line bacterial bioassay, using reduction of a tetrazolium salt as an indicator of bacterial metabolism. This approach enabled the identification of fractions from Dodonaea viscosa that were active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, which, ultimately, resulted in the identification of a clerodane type diterpenoid, 6β-hydroxy-15,16-epoxy-5β, 8β, 9β, 10α-cleroda-3, 13(16), 14-trien-18-oic acid, showing bacteriostatic activity (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 64-128 µg/mL) against test bacteria. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on antibacterial activity of this metabolite from D. viscosa.
Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper 18000, Pakistan. drmkhurram@sbbu.edu.pk.|School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, the Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB25 1HG, UK. drmkhurram@sbbu.edu.pk.|Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan. drmkhurram@sbbu.edu.pk.
Muhammad
M
Khurram
School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, the Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB25 1HG, UK. l.lawton@rgu.ac.uk.
Linda A
LA
Lawton
School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, the Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB25 1HG, UK. c.edwards@rgu.ac.uk.
Christine
C
Edwards
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, Milan 20133, Italy. marcello.iriti@unimi.it.
Marcello
M
Iriti
Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan. abdul.hameed@iiu.edu.pk.|Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan. abdul.hameed@iiu.edu.pk.
Abdul
A
Hameed
Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan. dr.murad@kust.edu.pk.
Murad A
MA
Khan
Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper 18000, Pakistan. farmanali@sbbu.edu.pk.
Farman A
FA
Khan
Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper 18000, Pakistan. shafiq@sbbu.edu.pk.
Shafiq Ur
SU
Rahman
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045785:Diterpenes, Clerodane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029631:Sapindaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D045785:Diterpenes, Clerodane; D010936:Plant Extracts
Dodonaea viscosa; XTT assay; clerodane diterpenoid; preparative HPLC