Development and evaluation of a nurse-led, tailored stroke self-management intervention.
BACKGROUND
Community nurses are well placed to promote and support stroke survivors to engage in self-management. The aim of this study was to develop a stroke self-management intervention that could be tailored towards stroke survivors' self-management needs, goals and levels of activation, in the first year post-stroke.


METHODS
Mixed method study, designed in accordance with the British Medical Research Council's (MRC) guidance for the development and evaluation of complex interventions. The intervention was developed and evaluated in two phases. The intervention was underpinned by the theoretical concept of patient activation and was developed based on a review of published research on stroke self-management interventions and qualitative interviews and focus groups (phase 1). It was evaluated using qualitative interviews and focus groups with stroke survivors and stroke nurses (phase 2). Participants comprised 26 stroke survivors, between 3 and 12 months post stroke and 16 stroke nurses, from across three NHS Boards in Scotland.


RESULTS
The intervention consisted of a tailored self-management action plan, incorporating an individualised assessment of stroke survivor's readiness to self-manage (using the Patient Activation Measure), goal setting and motivational interviewing. Evaluation showed that many of the individual components of the intervention were perceived as feasible and acceptable to both stroke survivors and stroke nurses.


CONCLUSIONS
To our knowledge, this is the first UK study to explore the use of patient activation as a theoretical underpinning in stroke self-management research and to involve stroke survivors and stroke nurses in the design and development of a tailored, person-centred stroke self-management support intervention. The study findings provide the first step in understanding how to effectively develop and deliver stroke self-management support interventions to stroke survivors living at home in the first year following stroke. Further work is needed to develop and refine the intervention and identify how to effectively embed it into nurses' routine clinical practice.
Institute for Applied Health Research/School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK. lisa.kidd@gcu.ac.uk.
Lisa
L
Kidd
Institute for Applied Health Research/School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK. Margaret.lawrence@gcu.ac.uk.
Maggie
M
Lawrence
Institute for Applied Health Research/School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK. jo.booth@gcu.ac.uk.
Jo
J
Booth
School of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Care, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK. a.rowat@napier.ac.uk.
Anne
A
Rowat
Institute for Applied Health Research/School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK. sian.russell@gcu.ac.uk.
Sian
S
Russell
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010465:Perception; D057184:Practice Patterns, Nurses'; D016730:Program Development; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012606:Scotland; D012648:Self Care; D020521:Stroke; D017741:Survivors