Gray Matter Volume Reduction Is Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Neuromyelitis Optica.
OBJECTIVE
Whether gray matter impairment occurs in neuromyelitis optica is a matter of ongoing debate, and the association of gray matter impairment with cognitive deficits remains largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate gray matter volume reductions and their association with cognitive decline in patients with neuromyelitis optica.


METHODS
This study included 50 patients with neuromyelitis optica and 50 sex-, age-, handedness-, and education-matched healthy subjects who underwent high-resolution structural MR imaging examinations and a battery of cognitive assessments. Gray matter volume and cognitive differences were compared between the 2 groups. The correlations of the regional gray matter volume with cognitive scores and clinical variables were explored in the patients with neuromyelitis optica.


RESULTS
Compared with healthy controls (635.9 ± 51.18 mL), patients with neuromyelitis optica (602.8 ± 51.03 mL) had a 5.21% decrease in the mean gray matter volume of the whole brain (P < .001). The significant gray matter volume reduction in neuromyelitis optica affected the frontal and temporal cortices and the right thalamus (false discovery rate correction, P < .05). The regional gray matter volumes in the frontal and temporal cortices were negatively correlated with disease severity in patients with neuromyelitis optica (Alphasim correction, P < .05). Patients with neuromyelitis optica had impairments in memory, information processing speed, and verbal fluency (P < .05), which were correlated with gray matter volume reductions in the medial prefrontal cortex and thalamus (Alphasim correction, P < .05).


CONCLUSIONS
Gray matter volume reduction is present in patients with neuromyelitis optica and is associated with cognitive impairment and disease severity in this group.
From the Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging (Q.W., N.Z., W.Q., C.Y.).
Q
Q
Wang
From the Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging (Q.W., N.Z., W.Q., C.Y.).
N
N
Zhang
From the Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging (Q.W., N.Z., W.Q., C.Y.).
W
W
Qin
Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute (Y.L., Y.F., T.L., J.S., L.Y., F.-D.S.), Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Y
Y
Li
Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute (Y.L., Y.F., T.L., J.S., L.Y., F.-D.S.), Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Y
Y
Fu
Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute (Y.L., Y.F., T.L., J.S., L.Y., F.-D.S.), Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
T
T
Li
Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute (Y.L., Y.F., T.L., J.S., L.Y., F.-D.S.), Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
J
J
Shao
Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute (Y.L., Y.F., T.L., J.S., L.Y., F.-D.S.), Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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L
Yang
Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute (Y.L., Y.F., T.L., J.S., L.Y., F.-D.S.), Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China Department of Neurology (F.-D.S.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona.
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FD
Shi
From the Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging (Q.W., N.Z., W.Q., C.Y.) chunshuiyu@tijmu.edu.cn.
C
C
Yu
D000328:Adult; D001284:Atrophy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009471:Neuromyelitis Optica / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009929:Organ Size / Q000502:physiology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D012016:Reference Values; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013788:Thalamus / Q000473:pathology