Mobile phones for retinopathy of prematurity screening in Lagos, Nigeria, sub-Saharan Africa.
OBJECTIVE
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), thought to be rare in Nigeria, sub-Saharan Africa, has been reported in recent studies. Developing cost-effective screening is crucial for detecting retinal changes amenable to treatment. This study describes the use of an iPhone combined with a 20-D lens in screening for ROP in Lagos, Nigeria.


METHODS
The ROP screening program was approved by the Lagos University Teaching Hospital Ethical Committee. Preterm infants with birthweight of less than 1.5 kg or gestational age of less than 32 weeks were screened. In conjunction with the neonatologist, topical tropicamide (0.5%) and phenylephrine (2.5%) was used to dilate the pupils. A pediatric lid speculum was used. Indirect ophthalmoscopy was used to examine the fundus to ensure there were no missed diagnoses. An iPhone 5 with 20-D lens was used to examine the fundus. The App Filmic Pro was launched in the video mode. The camera flash served as the source of illumination. Its intensity was controlled by the app. The 20-D lens was used to capture the image of the retina, which was picked up by the camera system of the mobile phone. Another app, Aviary, was used to edit the picture.


RESULTS
The images captured by the system were satisfactory for staging and determining the need for treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
An iPhone combined with a 20-D lens appear to be useful in screening for ROP in resource-poor settings. More studies are needed in this area.
Department of Ophthalmology, Retina and Vitreous Unit, University College Hospital, Ibadan - Nigeria.
Tunji S
TS
Oluleye
Department of Ophthalmology, Guinness Eye Center, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos - Nigeria.
Adekunle
A
Rotimi-Samuel
Department of Ophthalmology, Guinness Eye Center, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos - Nigeria.
Adetunji
A
Adenekan
D017954:Africa South of the Sahara; D040421:Cell Phone; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007909:Lenses; D015997:Neonatal Screening; D009549:Nigeria; D019721:Ophthalmoscopes; D012178:Retinopathy of Prematurity / Q000175:diagnosis*