Ethyl Glucuronide Positivity Rate in a Pain Management Population.
Ethanol may be consumed by some patients as a means to manage their pain or psychiatric disorder. Consequently, there is the potential to consider ethanol a co-therapeutic in pain management. The purpose of this study was to perform a retrospective analysis to evaluate the rate of ethanol use in a population of patients in pain management programs that were evaluated by our in-house pain management drug panel test. Results from this retrospective study showed that 12.6% of patients in a pain management population were positive for the direct ethanol metabolite, ethyl glucuronide (EtG), by immunoassay. Furthermore, 86% of the individuals positive for EtG were also positive for prescription pain medication and illicit drugs. Results presented here suggest that ethanol use should be routinely monitored in pain management populations in an effort to determine any potential adverse effects of ethanol-drug interactions and as a way to further evaluate the effect of ethanol on pain management outcomes. Testing this population of patients suggests that ethanol use is prevalent and the risk of drug-ethanol adverse effects should be monitored in a pain management population.
University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA kamisha.johnson-davis@aruplab.com.
Kamisha L
KL
Johnson-Davis
ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
Matthew H
MH
Slawson
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005965:Glucuronates / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
D005965:Glucuronates; C093924:ethyl glucuronide; D000431:Ethanol