Preliminary evaluation of military, commercial and novel skin decontamination products against a chemical warfare agent simulant (methyl salicylate).
Rapid decontamination is vital to alleviate adverse health effects following dermal exposure to hazardous materials. There is an abundance of materials and products which can be utilised to remove hazardous materials from the skin. In this study, a total of 15 products were evaluated, 10 of which were commercial or military products and five were novel (molecular imprinted) polymers. The efficacies of these products were evaluated against a 10 µl droplet of (14)C-methyl salicylate applied to the surface of porcine skin mounted on static diffusion cells. The current UK military decontaminant (Fuller's earth) performed well, retaining 83% of the dose over 24 h and served as a benchmark to compare with the other test products. The five most effective test products were Fuller's earth (the current UK military decontaminant), Fast-Act® and three novel polymers [based on itaconic acid, 2-trifluoromethylacrylic acid and N,N-methylenebis(acrylamide)]. Five products (medical moist-free wipes, 5% FloraFree™ solution, normal baby wipes, baby wipes for sensitive skin and Diphotérine™) enhanced the dermal absorption of (14)C-methyl salicylate. Further work is required to establish the performance of the most effective products identified in this study against chemical warfare agents.
a Department of Pharmacy , University of Hertfordshire , Hatfield , UK .
Hazem
H
Matar
b Department of Chemistry , University of Leicester , Leicester , UK , and.
Antonio
A
Guerreiro
b Department of Chemistry , University of Leicester , Leicester , UK , and.
Sergey A
SA
Piletsky
c Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Surrey , Guildford , UK.
Shirley C
SC
Price
a Department of Pharmacy , University of Hertfordshire , Hatfield , UK .
Robert P
RP
Chilcott
D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D017616:Magnesium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D054802:Molecular Imprinting; D011108:Polymers / Q000494:pharmacology; D012459:Salicylates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D013552:Swine
D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D011108:Polymers; D012459:Salicylates; D017640:Silicates; C001262:Fuller's Earth; C033069:methyl salicylate
Absorbent; chemical warfare agent; decontamination; methyl salicylate; percutaneous absorption; skin