Coagulation factor VIII, IX and XI levels in north Indian patients with venous thromboembolism: first study from India.
Studies have shown elevated levels of certain coagulation factors as risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE). In this study, we investigated the levels of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII), FIX and FXI in north Indian patients with VTE. A total of 123 patients with VTE were screened prospectively for FVIII, FIX and FXI levels and the conventional risk factors - deficiencies of protein C, S and antithrombin, positivity for antiphospholipid antibodies and the factor V Leiden mutation. Age-matched and sex-matched controls were included. VTE was secondary to known circumstantial and thrombophilic risk factors in 66 (53.7%) patients. In 46.3% (idiopathic VTE) patients, no cause was identified. The mean FVIII levels in idiopathic (187 IU/dl) and secondary VTE patients (185.4 IU/dl) were significantly higher compared with controls (129.6 IU/dl; P < 0.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of FIX and FXI between patients and controls (P = 0.214 and 0.198, respectively). Patients with elevated FVIII levels had increased risk of VTE compared with controls (odds ratio: 9.4, 95% confidence interval: 4.7-18.79). On logistic regression analysis after adjusting for surgery and presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, this risk remained unchanged (odds ratio: 9.54, 95% confidence interval: 4.68-19.44). A dose-response relationship was observed with progressive increase in FVIII levels. Elevated FVIII levels constitute an independent risk factor for VTE in the north Indian population. Elevated levels of FIX and FXI were not associated with increased risk of VTE.
aDepartment of Pathology bDepartment of Hematology cDepartment of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Abhijit
A
Chougule
Sweta
S
Rajpal
Jasmina
J
Ahluwalia
Sunil Kumar
SK
Bose
Joseph
J
Masih
Reena
R
Das
Narender
N
Kumar
Pankaj
P
Malhotra
Vikas
V
Suri
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005164:Factor IX / Q000032:analysis*; D005169:Factor VIII / Q000032:analysis*; D005172:Factor XI / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
D005169:Factor VIII; D005164:Factor IX; D005172:Factor XI