Temporal Association Between Reflux-like Behaviors and Gastroesophageal Reflux in Preterm and Term Infants.
OBJECTIVE
Multichannel intraluminal impedance studies (MII-pH) have become the criterion standard for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Several clinical signs and symptoms that are attributed to GER during infancy may not be related to true reflux. Our objective was to correlate the observed reflux-like behaviors to reflux events on MII-pH studies.


METHODS
This is a retrospective study on infants being evaluated for GER with MII. During the MII-pH study, the infants were observed for clinical behaviors. Symptom Index (SI), symptom sensitivity index (SSI), and symptom association probability were used to correlate symptoms with reflux events.


RESULTS
Of 58 infants (40 preterm, 18 term) included in the study, only 6 infants (10%) had an abnormal MII-pH study. Irritability (32 infants), bradycardia (20), and desaturation (18) were the common signs and symptoms. A total of 2142 (755 acidic and 1386 nonacidic) reflux episodes and 953 clinical reflux behaviors were recorded. The incidence and pattern of GER was similar in preterm and term infants. There was no significant difference in GER episodes and acid exposure in preterm infants fed orally or via nasogastric tube. The symptom association probability was abnormal in only 6 (19%), 1 (5%), and 5 (28%) infants with irritability, bradycardia, and desaturation, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of GER as detected by MII-pH was low (10%) in symptomatic preterm and term infants. The incidence and pattern of GER was similar in preterm and term infants. The majority of suspected clinical reflux behaviors did not correlate with reflux events.
*Department of Neonatology †Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Thomas Jefferson University/Nemours, Philadelphia, PA.
Apryle
A
Funderburk
Ursula
U
Nawab
Sheeja
S
Abraham
Joan
J
DiPalma
Michele
M
Epstein
Heather
H
Aldridge
Zubair H
ZH
Aghai
D001919:Bradycardia / Q000209:etiology; D002657:Child Development; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D017097:Electric Impedance; D057286:Electronic Health Records; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000209:etiology; D015994:Incidence; D018730:Infant Behavior; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007508:Irritable Mood; D008297:Male; D015143:Philadelphia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index