Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Overview of Immune Mechanisms and Biological Treatments.
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract associated with an imbalance of the intestinal microbiota. Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the most widely known types of IBD and have been the focus of attention due to their increasing incidence. Recent studies have pointed out genes associated with IBD susceptibility that, together with environment factors, may contribute to the outcome of the disease. In ulcerative colitis, there are several therapies available, depending on the stage of the disease. Aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, and cyclosporine are used to treat mild, moderate, and severe disease, respectively. In Crohn's disease, drug choices are dependent on both location and behavior of the disease. Nowadays, advances in treatments for IBD have included biological therapies, based mainly on monoclonal antibodies or fusion proteins, such as anti-TNF drugs. Notwithstanding the high cost involved, these biological therapies show a high index of remission, enabling a significant reduction in cases of surgery and hospitalization. Furthermore, migration inhibitors and new cytokine blockers are also a promising alternative for treating patients with IBD. In this review, an analysis of literature data on biological treatments for IBD is approached, with the main focus on therapies based on emerging recombinant biomolecules.
Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Bruno Rafael Ramos
BR
de Mattos
Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil ; Department of Biomedical Science, Faculdade de Americana, Avenida Joaquim Boer 733, 13477-360 Americana, SP, Brazil.
Maellin Pereira Gracindo
MP
Garcia
Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Julia Bier
JB
Nogueira
Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Lisiery Negrini
LN
Paiatto
Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Cassia Galdino
CG
Albuquerque
Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Caique Lopes
CL
Souza
Department of Biomedical Science, Faculdade de Americana, Avenida Joaquim Boer 733, 13477-360 Americana, SP, Brazil ; Medical School, UNICAMP, 13083-887 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Luís Gustavo Romani
LG
Fernandes
Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Wirla Maria da Silva Cunha
WM
Tamashiro
Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil ; Department of Biomedical Science, Faculdade de Americana, Avenida Joaquim Boer 733, 13477-360 Americana, SP, Brazil ; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida 24 A 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
Patricia Ucelli
PU
Simioni
D000818:Animals; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*
D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents