Venom allergen 5 is Associated With Deltamethrin Resistance in Culex pipiens pallens (Diptera: Culicidae).
The mosquito, Culex pipiens pallens (L.), is an important vector of encephalitis and filariasis in northern China. The control of these mosquitoes occurs primarily via the use of pyrethroid insecticides, such as deltamethrin. The widespread and improper application of pyrethroid has resulted in the evolution of pyrethroid resistance amongst many mosquito populations, including Cx. pipiens pallens. Previous studies using high-throughput transcriptome sequencing have identified that the venom allergen 5 gene is differentially expressed between deltamethrin-susceptible and deltamethrin-resistant Cx. pipiens pallens. In this study, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that venom allergen 5 was significantly overexpressed in adult females of both deltamethrin-resistant laboratory populations and two field populations. The transcriptional level of venom allergen 5 in the laboratory populations was elevated as the levels of deltamethrin resistance increased. Full-length cDNAs of the venom allergen 5 gene were cloned from Cx. pipiens pallens, and contained an open reading frame of 765 bp, encoding a protein with 254 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence shared 100% identity with the ortholog in Culex quinquefasciatus Say. The overexpression of venom allergen 5 decreased the susceptibility of mosquito cells to deltamethrin, while knockdown of this gene by RNAi increased the susceptibility of mosquitoes to deltamethrin. This study provides the first evidence of the association between the venom allergen 5 gene and deltamethrin resistance in mosquitoes.
Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
Yuan
Y
Lv
Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
Zhentao
Z
Lei
Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
Shanchao
S
Hong
Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
Weijie
W
Wang
Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
Donghui
D
Zhang
Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
Dan
D
Zhou
Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
Yan
Y
Sun
Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
Lei
L
Ma
Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
Bo
B
Shen
Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. clzhu@njmu.edu.cn.
Changliang
C
Zhu
D000485:Allergens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001180:Arthropod Venoms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D003465:Culex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
D000485:Allergens; D001180:Arthropod Venoms; D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017180:decamethrin
Culex pipiens pallens; RNAi; pyrethroid; quantitative real-time PCR; venom allergen 5