The Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Treatment of Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Clinical Review.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is defined as the acute onset of noncardiogenic edema and subsequent gas-exchange impairment due to a severe inflammatory process. Recent report on the prognostic value of eicosanoids in patients with ARDS suggests that modulating the inflammatory response through the use of polyunsaturated fatty acids may be a useful strategy for ARDS treatment. The use of enteral diets enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) has reported promising results, showing an improvement in respiratory variables and haemodynamics. However, the interpretation of the studies is limited by their heterogeneity and methodology and the effect of ω-3 fatty acid-enriched lipid emulsion or enteral diets on patients with ARDS remains unclear. Therefore, the routine use of ω-3 fatty acid-enriched nutrition cannot be recommended and further large, homogeneous, and high-quality clinical trials need to be conducted to clarify the effectiveness of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Critical Care Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
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García de Acilu
Critical Care Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
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Leal
Critical Care Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
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Caralt
Critical Care Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain ; Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Roca
Critical Care Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
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Sabater
Critical Care Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
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Masclans
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017965:gamma-Linolenic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D000975:Antioxidants; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D017965:gamma-Linolenic Acid; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid