The role of deubiquitinating enzymes in spermatogenesis.
Spermatogenesis is a complex process through which spermatogonial stem cells undergo mitosis, meiosis, and cell differentiation to generate mature spermatozoa. During this process, male germ cells experience several translational modifications. One of the major post-translational modifications in eukaryotes is the ubiquitination of proteins, which targets proteins for degradation; this enables control of the expression of enzymes and structural proteins during spermatogenesis. It has become apparent that ubiquitination plays a key role in regulating every stage of spermatogenesis starting from gonocytes to differentiated spermatids. It is understood that, where there is ubiquitination, deubiquitination by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) also exists to counterbalance the ubiquitination process in a reversible manner. Normal spermatogenesis is dependent on the balanced actions of ubiquitination and deubiquitination. This review highlights the current knowledge of the role of DUBs and their essential regulatory contribution to spermatogenesis, especially during progression into meiotic phase, acrosome biogenesis, quality sperm production, and apoptosis of germ cells.
Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
Bharathi
B
Suresh
Department of Physiology and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
Junwon
J
Lee
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
Seok-Ho
SH
Hong
Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, South Korea. ks66kim@hanyang.ac.kr.|College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea. ks66kim@hanyang.ac.kr.
Kye-Seong
KS
Kim
Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, South Korea. suresh.ramakris@gmail.com.|College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea. suresh.ramakris@gmail.com.
Suresh
S
Ramakrishna
D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism; D064570:Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D054875:Ubiquitination
D025801:Ubiquitin; D064570:Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases
Acrosome; Gonocytes; Male infertility; Nucleosome; Proteasome; Protein degradation; Spermiogenesis; Ubiquitin