Electromembrane extraction as a rapid and selective miniaturized sample preparation technique for biological fluids.
This special report discusses the sample preparation method electromembrane extraction, which was introduced in 2006 as a rapid and selective miniaturized extraction method. The extraction principle is based on isolation of charged analytes extracted from an aqueous sample, across a thin film of organic solvent, and into an aqueous receiver solution. The extraction is promoted by application of an electrical field, causing electrokinetic migration of the charged analytes. The method has shown to perform excellent clean-up and selectivity from complicated aqueous matrices like biological fluids. Technical aspects of electromembrane extraction, important extraction parameters as well as a handful of examples of applications from different biological samples and bioanalytical areas are discussed in the paper.
School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Astrid
A
Gjelstad
School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.|Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Stig
S
Pedersen-Bjergaard
School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Knut Fredrik
KF
Seip
D053000:Analytic Sample Preparation Methods / Q000379:methods*; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D019963:Clinical Chemistry Tests / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008904:Miniaturization / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors
D008567:Membranes, Artificial