A novel high vacuum chest drainage system - a pilot study.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the safety and feasibility of use of a novel high vacuum chest drainage system (HVCDS) and its influence on the cardiovascular system compared to a conventional system (CCDS).


METHODS
Five anesthetized pigs underwent a median sternotomy. Three drains were placed in retrocardiac, retrosternal and left pleural positions. The animals received a HVCDS (22 Fr with 180 2-mm holes, n = 2) or a CCDS (n = 2). In the fifth animal off pump coronary artery bypass graft (OPCABG) stabilizers were tested. After chest closure animals had three 30 min runs of artificial bleeding (5 ml/min) under different negative aspiration pressures (-2, -20, -40 kPa) for both groups, followed by standardized surgical bleeding (-40 kPa - HVCDS, - 2 kPa - CCDS). Hemodynamic parameters and each drain's output were registered every 5 minutes and the residual blood was assessed. All catheters, the heart and left lung underwent macroscopic and histopathological examination.


RESULTS
The application of the different pressures showed neither hemodynamic changes nor differences in blood drainage with both systems in two bleeding models. The HVCDS enabled drainage comparable to the CCDS but showed relevant clotting. Application of -20 kPa and -40 kPa caused macroscopic epicardial and pulmonary lesions in all tested devices including OPCABG stabilizers consisting of sub-epicardial or sub-pleural hemorrhage without myocyte or alveolar damage.


CONCLUSIONS
The novel and conventional chest drainage systems used at pressures up to 40 kPa induced no hemodynamic instability. Both systems showed adequate equal drainage, despite major HVCDS clotting. High negative pressure drainage with both systems showed focal sub-epicardial and subpleural hemorrhage. Thus, long-term assessment of high pressure drainage and potential interaction with fragile structures (coronary bypass graft) should be carried out.
Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland ; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
Wojciech
W
Mrówczyński
Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
Jean-Christophe
JC
Tille
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
Ebrahim
E
Khabiri
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
Jean-Pierre
JP
Giliberto
Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Geneva University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
Delphine S
DS
Courvoisier
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
Afksendiyos
A
Kalangos
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
Beat H
BH
Walpoth
experimental; pericardium; pleural disease (incl. drainage)