Ultraweak photon emission in the brain.
Besides the low-frequency electromagnetic body-processes measurable through the electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), etc. there are processes that do not need external excitation, emitting light within or close to the visible spectra. Such ultraweak photon emission (UPE), also named biophoton emission, reflects the cellular (and body) oxidative status. Recently, a growing body of evidence shows that UPE may play an important role in the basic functioning of living cells. Moreover, interesting evidences are beginning to emerge that UPE may well play an important role in neuronal functions. In fact, biophotons are byproducts in cellular metabolism and produce false signals (e.g., retinal discrete dark noise) but on the other side neurons contain many light sensitive molecules that makes it hard to imagine how they might not be influenced by UPE, and thus UPE may carry informational contents. Here, we investigate UPE in the brain from different points of view such as experimental evidences, theoretical modeling, and physiological significance.
1 Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.|2 School of Physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran 19395-5531, Iran.
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Salari
3 Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
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Valian
3 Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
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Bassereh
4 Psychoszomatic OutPatient Department of the National Center for Spinal Disorders, Hungary.|5 Vision Research Institute, 25 Rita St, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
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Bókkon
6 Department of Physics, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Mahan, Kerman, Iran.
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Barkhordari
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D017785:Photons
EEG; Ultraweak photon emission; afterimage; biophoton; dark noise; neuron; phosphene; photoreceptors