Detecting genotyping errors at Schistosoma japonicum microsatellites with pedigree information.
BACKGROUND
Schistosomiasis japonica remains a major public health problem in China. Integrating molecular analyses, such as population genetic analyses, of the parasite into the on-going surveillance programs is helpful in exploring the factors causing the persistence and/or spread of Schistosoma japonicum. However, genotyping errors can seriously affect the results of such studies, unless accounted for in the analyses.


METHODS
We assessed the genotyping errors (missing alleles or false alleles) of seven S. japonicum microsatellites, using a pedigree data approach for schistosome miracidia, which were stored on Whatman FTA cards.


RESULTS
Among 107 schistosome miracidia successfully genotyped, resulting in a total of 715 loci calls, a total of 31 genotyping errors were observed with 25.2% of the miracidia having at least one error. The error rate per locus differed among loci, which ranged from 0 to 9.8%, with the mean error rate 4.3% over loci. With the parentage analysis software Cervus, the assignment power with these seven markers was estimated to be 89.5% for one parent and 99.9% for a parent pair. One locus was inferred to have a high number of null alleles and a second with a high mistyping rate.


CONCLUSIONS
To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that S. japonicum pedigrees have been used in an assessment of genotyping errors of microsatellite markers. The observed locus-specific error rate will benefit downstream epidemiological or ecological analyses of S. japonicum with the markers.
Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China. 947993788@qq.com.|Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China. 947993788@qq.com.
Yu-Meng
YM
Gao
Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China. Ludabing@suda.edu.cn.|Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China. Ludabing@suda.edu.cn.
Da-Bing
DB
Lu
Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China. 1175261856@qq.com.|Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China. 1175261856@qq.com.
Huan
H
Ding
Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK. poppy.lamberton@imperial.ac.uk.
Poppy H L
PH
Lamberton
D000818:Animals; D018509:DNA, Helminth / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005838:Genotype; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D012549:Schistosoma japonicum / Q000235:genetics*
D018509:DNA, Helminth; D005819:Genetic Markers