Photoimmunological properties of borage in bovine neutrophil in vitro model.
Borage (Echium amoenum fisch) is one of the most commonly used medicinal plants, and has long been used as a traditional herbal medicine for many (non)infectious diseases in Iran. Study on photoredox and photoimmunology of borage is little. Natural immunomodulatory plants with minimal adverse/toxic effects could help boost animal health and, ultimately, public health. To determine the effect of borage on the functions of key circulating innate immune cells, effects of borage extract (BE) on bovine neutrophils (PMN) photoredox and phagocytosis events were evaluated using an in vitro model system. Blood PMN isolated from healthy high yielding dairy cows (n = 8/treatment) were pre-incubated with BE and the impact on phagocytosis-dependent-and-independent cellular chemiluminescence (CL), phagocytosis, killing of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), fluorescence-based PMN H2O2 production and necrosis were assessed. Relative to control (no BE) PMN, treatment with BE significantly increased phagocytosis-dependent-and-independent PMN CL (>10-15% increase). While BE also led to increased PMN H2O2 production, necrosis was also surprisingly higher in these cells. Phagocytosis and killing of both E. coli and S. aureus by PMN treated with BE was substantially higher than that by control PMN. The increased photoimmunobiological events especially intracellular CL, intracellular H2O2 formation, and phagocytic capacity of BE-treated PMN support the potential immunotherapeutic implications of borage and its components for particularly immunocompromised animals and humans.
Immunology Section, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
Firouzeh
F
Asadollahi
Immunology Section, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: mehrzad@um.ac.ir.
Jalil
J
Mehrzad
Faculty of Chemistry, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran.
Mohammad Javad
MJ
Chaichi
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
Alireza
A
Taghavi Razavizadeh
D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D036661:Echium / Q000737:chemistry*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007492:Iran; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D011247:Pregnancy; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000472:pathogenicity
D007155:Immunologic Factors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
Borage; Chemiluminescence; Flow cytometry; Neutrophils; Photoimmunobiology; Reactive oxygen species