Prevalence of risk factors for chronic kidney disease among adults in a university community in southern Nigeria.
BACKGROUND
The rising prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a global public health challenge particularly in developing countries, including our local environment, where subjects with the disease present late and may already be in need of renal replacement therapy. Early detection of modifiable risk factors of CKD is a plausible strategy to reduce its prevalence and burden. The 2014 World Kidney Day (WKD) exercise provided a veritable opportunity to identify CKD risk factors among adult Nigerians for early intervention.


METHODS
Subjects were mobilized from the University community for the 2014 WKD exercise. The parameters assessed were demographics, Body mass index (BMI), blood pressures, proteinuria, glycosuria, serum creatinine and fasting plasma glucose. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) was estimated using the Cockcroft-Gault equation. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0.


RESULTS
A total of 259 volunteers were studied, mean age of 28.3±9.7years (16-66years). Males comprised 135(52.1%) while 124(47.9%) were females. The frequency of risk factors of CKD observed were obesity in 31(12.2%) subjects, proteinuria and glycosuria in 32(12.4%) and 7(2.7%) subjects respectively. Hypertension and hyperglycaemia were seen in 54(20.8%) and 11(4.3%) of subjects respectively. Five subjects (1.9%) had e-GFR < 60mls/min/1.73m(2).


CONCLUSIONS
Prevalence of CKD risk factors in this study population was high. There is need for continuous education, regular screening for early detection and early intervention by risk factor modification to prevent and/or reduce the growing burden of CKD and its sequelae in Nigeria.
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria ; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Chinyere Mmanwanyi
CM
Wachukwu
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria ; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Pedro Chimezie
PC
Emem-Chioma
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria ; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Friday Samuel
FS
Wokoma
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria ; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Richard Ishmeal
RI
Oko-Jaja
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult
Chronic kidney disease (CKD); prevention; risk factors