Globalization in Urology: A Bibliographical Analysis of Cross-Continent Publication between 2002 and 2012.
BACKGROUND
Asian scientists have now increasingly begun to contribute to globalization; yet it is not clear whether publishing in the field of urology is paralleled by elevated cross-continental scientific publishing.


METHODS
An exemplary bibliometric analysis of urologic journals from 3 different continents was conducted between 2002 and 2012. Based on the ISI Web of Knowledge Journal Citation Reports, 2 urologic journals with similar impact factors (IFs) in 2013 were selected from Europe ('British Journal of Urology International', 'World Journal of Urology'), Asia ('International Journal of Urology', 'Asian Journal of Andrology') and North America ('Urologic Oncology-Seminars and Original Investigations', 'Urology'). The home continent of the journal, the workplace continental affiliation of the last author, article type (clinical, experimental or review) as well as the IF were documented.


RESULTS
Most authors published their manuscripts in journals from the same continent in which they worked. However, a significant increase in cross-continental publishing was apparent from 2002 to 2012. Asians publishing in North America increased from 17% in 2002 to 35% in 2012. Europeans also increased the number of articles they published in North American journals, while publications from North American authors were shifted towards both European and Asian journals. Experimental and clinical articles showed significant increases in cross-continental publishing, while review publishing showed no significant change. The average IF for authors from all 3 continents increased from 2002 to 2012 (p < 0.001). The largest increase in the IF was found for Asian authors (0.11 per year).


CONCLUSIONS
Cross-continental publication significantly increased during the period from 2002 to 2012. The impact that the Asian authors have experienced was found to be gradually impacting the North American and European colleagues.
Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Jens
J
Mani
Eva
E
Juengel
Georg
G
Bartsch
Natalie
N
Filmann
Hanns
H
Ackermann
Karen
K
Nelson
Axel
A
Haferkamp
Tobias
T
Engl
Roman A
RA
Blaheta
D001208:Asia; D015706:Bibliometrics; D005060:Europe; D038622:Internationality; D009656:North America; D010506:Periodicals as Topic; D011643:Publishing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014572:Urology