Dietary patterns and CVD: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Epidemiological studies show that diet is linked to the risk of developing CVD. The objective of this meta-analysis was to estimate the association between empirically derived dietary patterns and CVD. PubMed was searched for observational studies of data-driven dietary patterns that reported outcomes of cardiovascular events. The association between dietary patterns and CVD was estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis with 95 % CI. Totally, twenty-two observational studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled relative risk (RR) for CVD, CHD and stroke in a comparison of the highest to the lowest category of prudent/healthy dietary patterns in cohort studies was 0·69 (95% CI 0·60, 0·78; I 2=0%), 0·83 (95% CI 0·75, 0·92; I 2=44·6%) and 0·86 (95% CI 0·74, 1·01; I 2=59·5%), respectively. The pooled RR of CHD in a case-control comparison of the highest to the lowest category of prudent/healthy dietary patterns was 0·71 (95% CI 0·63, 0·80; I 2=0%). The pooled RR for CVD, CHD and stroke in a comparison of the highest to the lowest category of western dietary patterns in cohort studies was 1·14 (95% CI 0·92, 1·42; I 2=56·9%), 1·03 (95% CI 0·90, 1·17; I 2=59·4%) and 1·05 (95% CI 0·91, 1·22; I 2=27·6%), respectively; in case-control studies, there was evidence of increased CHD risk. Our results support the evidence of the prudent/healthy pattern as a protective factor for CVD.
1Blanquerna School of Health Science, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut Blanquerna,Universitat Ramon Llull,Barcelona 08025,Spain.
Míriam
M
Rodríguez-Monforte
2Research Support Unit for Tarragona-Reus,Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol),43202 Tarragona,Spain.
Gemma
G
Flores-Mateo
1Blanquerna School of Health Science, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut Blanquerna,Universitat Ramon Llull,Barcelona 08025,Spain.
Emília
E
Sánchez
D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D066273:Diet, Western / Q000009:adverse effects*; D036262:Empirical Research; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D064887:Observational Studies as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors
CVD; Dietary patterns; Meta-analyses; RR relative risk; Systematic reviews