Insight into Evolution, Processing and Performance of Multi-length-scale Structures in Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells.
The structural characterization correlated to the processing control of hierarchical structure of planar heterojunction perovskite layer is still incomplete due to the limitations of conventional microscopy and X-ray diffraction. This present study performed the simultaneously grazing-incidence small-angle scattering and wide-angle scattering (GISAXS/GIWAXS) techniques to quantitatively probe the hierarchical structure of the planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells. The result is complementary to the currently microscopic study. Correlation between the crystallization behavior, crystal orientation, nano- and meso-scale internal structure and surface morphology of perovskite film as functions of various processing control parameters is reported for the first time. The structural transition from the fractal pore network to the surface fractal can be tuned by the chloride percentage. The GISAXS/GIWAXS measurement provides the comprehensive understanding of concurrent evolution of the film morphology and crystallization correlated to the high performance. The result can provide the insight into formation mechanism and rational synthesis design.
Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Longtan, Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan.
Yu-Ching
YC
Huang
Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Longtan, Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan.
Cheng-Si
CS
Tsao
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
Yi-Ju
YJ
Cho
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
Kuan-Chen
KC
Chen
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
Kai-Ming
KM
Chiang
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
Sheng-Yi
SY
Hsiao
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
Chang-Wen
CW
Chen
National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan.
Chun-Jen
CJ
Su
National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan.
U-Ser
US
Jeng
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
Hao-Wu
HW
Lin