Delinking CARD9 and IL-17: CARD9 Protects against Candida tropicalis Infection through a TNF-α-Dependent, IL-17-Independent Mechanism.
Candida is the third most common cause of bloodstream infections in hospitalized patients. Immunity to C. albicans, the most frequent species to be isolated in candidiasis, involves a well-characterized Dectin-1/caspase-associated recruitment domain adaptor 9 (CARD9)/IL-17 signaling axis. Infections caused by non-albicans Candida species are on the rise, but surprisingly little is known about immunity to these pathogens. In this study, we evaluated a systemic infection model of C. tropicalis, a clinically relevant, but poorly understood, non-albicans Candida. Mice lacking CARD9 were profoundly susceptible to C. tropicalis, displaying elevated fungal burdens in visceral organs and increased mortality compared with wild-type (WT) controls. Unlike C. albicans, IL-17 responses were induced normally in CARD9(-/-) mice following C. tropicalis infection. Moreover, there was no difference in susceptibility to C. tropicalis infection between WT and IL-23p19(-/-), IL-17RA(-/-), or Act1(-/-) mice. However, TNF-α expression was markedly impaired in CARD9(-/-) mice. Consistently, WT mice depleted of TNF-α were more susceptible to C. tropicalis, and CARD9-deficient neutrophils and monocytes failed to produce TNF-α following stimulation with C. tropicalis Ags. Both neutrophils and monocytes were necessary for defense against C. tropicalis, because their depletion in WT mice enhanced susceptibility to C. tropicalis. Disease in CARD9(-/-) mice was not due to defective neutrophil or monocyte recruitment to infected kidneys. However, TNF-α treatment of neutrophils in vitro enhanced their ability to kill C. tropicalis. Thus, protection against systemic C. tropicalis infection requires CARD9 and TNF-α, but not IL-17, signaling. Moreover, CARD9-dependent production of TNF-α enhances the candidacidal capacity of neutrophils, limiting fungal disease during disseminated C. tropicalis infection.
Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261;
Natasha
N
Whibley
Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213;
Jillian R
JR
Jaycox
Aberdeen Fungal Group, Division of Applied Medicine, Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Programme, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom; and.
Delyth
D
Reid
Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261;
Abhishek V
AV
Garg
Aberdeen Fungal Group, Division of Applied Medicine, Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Programme, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom; and.
Julie A
JA
Taylor
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261.
Cornelius J
CJ
Clancy
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261.
M Hong
MH
Nguyen
Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261;
Partha S
PS
Biswas
Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261;
Mandy J
MJ
McGeachy
Aberdeen Fungal Group, Division of Applied Medicine, Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Programme, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom; and.
Gordon D
GD
Brown
Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; sarah.gaffen@pitt.edu.
Sarah L
SL
Gaffen
D000818:Animals; D053468:CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D041022:Candida tropicalis / Q000276:immunology*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
D053468:CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; C513280:Card9 protein, mouse; D020381:Interleukin-17; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha