Test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change of three-dimensional gait analysis in chronic low back pain patients.
Three-dimensional gait analysis (3DGA) can provide detailed data on gait impairment in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients. However, data about reliability and measurement error of 3DGA in this population is lacking. The aim of this study is to investigate test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change of 3DGA in a sample of CLBP patients.



A test-retest study was conducted with a sample of 14 CLBP patients that underwent two biomechanical gait assessments with an interval of 7.6 ± 1.8 days. Anthropometric and time-distance parameters, as well as peak values for lower limb and trunk joint angles and moments, were computed. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC3,k) and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change (MDC) and limits of agreement (LOA) were also estimated.



The obtained ICC values demonstrate high test-retest reliability for most joint angles, with low SEM (< 2.5°) values. Although joint moments showed lower reliability than joint angles, the majority of the ICCs were above 0.7 and the SEM and MDC values were low (≤ 0.06 Nm/kg and ≤ 0.18 Nm/kg). Bland-Altman plots with 95% LOA revealed a good agreement and time-distance parameters were all highly repeatable (ICCs > 0.86).



The results of this study show high test-retest reliability for lower limb and trunk joint angles, and time-distance parameters during gait in CLBP individuals, together with a low measurement error. These results also support the use of this method in clinical assessments of CLBP patients' gait patterns.
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, CIPER, LBMF, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal; Departamento de Fisioterapia, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Campus do Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Estefanilha, Edifício ESCE, 2914-503 Setúbal, Portugal. Electronic address: rita.fernandes@ess.ips.pt.
Rita
R
Fernandes
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, CIPER, LBMF, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal. Electronic address: parmada@fmh.ulisboa.pt.
Paulo
P
Armada-da-Silva
Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Research Institute MOVE, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: annelies.pool@gmail.com.
Annelies L
AL
Pool-Goudzwaard
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, CIPER, LBMF, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal. Electronic address: veramps@fmh.ulisboa.pt.
Vera
V
Moniz-Pereira
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, CIPER, LBMF, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal. Electronic address: apveloso@fmh.ulisboa.pt.
António P
AP
Veloso
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D060726:Torso / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
CLBP; Gait analysis; Measurement error; Reliability