Pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) as a tool for monitoring Lake Geneva long-term in situ ecotoxic restoration from herbicide contamination.
Chemical monitoring revealed a regular decrease in herbicide concentration in Lake Geneva since last decades that may be linked to an ecotoxic restoration of nontarget phytoplanktonic communities. The Pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) approach was tested as a tool to monitor the ecotoxic restoration of Lake Geneva for herbicides from 1999 to 2011. We conducted monthly assessments in 1999 and in 2011 for the tolerance of the phytoplankton communities to two herbicides (atrazine and copper), using PICT bioassays. The taxonomical composition of the communities was determined on the same collecting dates. The herbicide concentration decrease during the 12 years significantly influenced the composition of communities. The PICT monitoring indicated that a significant tolerance decrease in the community to both herbicides accompanied the herbicide concentration decrease. PICT measurements for atrazine and copper also changed at the intra-annual level. These variations were mainly due to community composition shifts linked to seasonal phosphorus and temperature changes. PICT monitoring on a seasonal basis is required to monitor the mean tolerance of communities. PICT appeared to be a powerful tool that reflected the toxic effects on environmental communities and to monitor ecotoxic ecosystem restoration.
INRA, UMR CARRTEL, 74203, Thonon, France.|Université de Savoie, UMR CARRTEL, 73011, Chambéry, France.|LIEC, CNRS UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine, 57070, Metz, France.
Floriane
F
Larras
INRA, UMR CARRTEL, 74203, Thonon, France.|Université de Savoie, UMR CARRTEL, 73011, Chambéry, France.
Frédéric
F
Rimet
ISTE, Faculté des Géosciences et de l'Environnement, UNIL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Vincent
V
Gregorio
INRA, UMR1114 EMMAH, 84914, Avignon, France.|UAPV, UMR1114 EMMAH, 84914, Avignon, France.
Annette
A
Bérard
IRD, UMR ECOSYM, 2 rue des Chantiers, 34200, Sète, France.
Christophe
C
Leboulanger
INRA, UMR CARRTEL, 74203, Thonon, France.|Université de Savoie, UMR CARRTEL, 73011, Chambéry, France.
Bernard
B
Montuelle
INRA, UMR CARRTEL, 74203, Thonon, France. agnes.bouchez@thonon.inra.fr.|Université de Savoie, UMR CARRTEL, 73011, Chambéry, France. agnes.bouchez@thonon.inra.fr.
Agnès
A
Bouchez
D001280:Atrazine / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005602:France; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D060106:Lakes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D010839:Phytoplankton / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D013557:Switzerland; D013696:Temperature; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
D006540:Herbicides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010758:Phosphorus; D003300:Copper; D001280:Atrazine
Atrazine; Copper; Ecotoxicology; Phytoplankton; Pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT); Restoration