Analytical Profiling of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds in Argan (Argania spinosa) Leaves by Combined Microextraction by Packed Sorbent (MEPS) and LC-DAD-MS/MS.
BACKGROUND
The argan tree (Argania spinosa) is an endemic species from south-western Morocco. Argan-based preparations have been widely used in Moroccan traditional medicine for their biological properties, as well as for several cosmetic purposes. Whereas kernel, pulp of fruit and trunk have been extensively studied for their nutritional and pharmacological effects, relatively little is known about argan tree leaves.


OBJECTIVE
The main purpose of the present study is to investigate and characterise the bioactive phenolic fractions in both crude and aqueous extracts derived from argan tree leaves.


METHODS
A qualitative profile of the antioxidant phenolic compounds in argan leaves was obtained by means of structural hypothesis based on UV spectra and mass spectrometric fragmentation patterns. Moreover, selected phenolics were quantified in argan leaves by using a fully validated method based on liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-MS/MS). All the extracts were purified by a fast and reliable microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) procedure, before analysing them by LC-MS/MS.


RESULTS
Based on retention times, mass spectrometric fragmentation and UV spectra, 13 phenolic compounds were identified or tentatively elucidated from crude and aqueous extracts derived from Argania spinosa leaves, while seven compounds were quantified in both extracts.


CONCLUSIONS
The obtained results could represent a first step towards a complete characterisation of the argan plant, its bioactive profiling and the valorisation of its by-products as a source of potentially beneficial bioactive molecules.
Laboratory of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
Laura
L
Mercolini
Laboratory of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
Michele
M
Protti
Laboratory of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
Maria Addolorata
MA
Saracino
Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Botany, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
Manuela
M
Mandrone
Department of Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy.
Fabiana
F
Antognoni
Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Botany, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
Ferruccio
F
Poli
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D016488:Medicine, African Traditional; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D029632:Sapotaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts
Argania spinosa leaves; LC-MS/MS; microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS); phenolic antioxidants; quali-quantitative analysis