Local organochlorine pesticide concentrations in soil put into a global perspective.
In this work, agricultural and background soil concentrations of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, HCB, α-, β- and γ-HCH from 1993 to 2012 were collected from 73 peer-reviewed publications, and analysed statistically. For the period 2003-2012 and for all chemicals, the mean concentration in agricultural soil is significantly higher than the concentration in background soil. In addition to the statistical analysis, concentrations of p,p'-DDT and α-HCH in soils were calculated with a global environmental fate and transport model. A decrease in the mean soil concentration from the first decade to the second was observed with the model, but this decrease is not visible in the measured concentrations, which could result from ongoing use of p,p'-DDT and α-HCH Furthermore, modelled background soil concentrations are generally lower than measurements. This implies that background soil may have received p,p'-DDT and α-HCH through additional routes not described by the model such as spray drift.
ETH Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
Louise
L
Camenzuli
ETH Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Leuphana University Lüneburg, Institute of Sustainable Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Scharnhorststrasse 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany. Electronic address: martin.scheringer@chem.ethz.ch.
Martin
M
Scheringer
ETH Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
Konrad
K
Hungerbühler
D000383:Agriculture / Q000639:trends*; D003634:DDT / Q000032:analysis / Q000600:supply & distribution; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D038622:Internationality; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D010575:Pesticides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D003634:DDT
POPs; Pesticides; Soil; Stockholm convention; Time trend