Genomic Characterization of Yogue, Kasokero, Issyk-Kul, Keterah, Gossas, and Thiafora Viruses: Nairoviruses Naturally Infecting Bats, Shrews, and Ticks.
The genus Nairovirus of arthropod-borne bunyaviruses includes the important emerging human pathogen, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), as well as Nairobi sheep disease virus and many other poorly described viruses isolated from mammals, birds, and ticks. Here, we report genome sequence analysis of six nairoviruses: Thiafora virus (TFAV) that was isolated from a shrew in Senegal; Yogue (YOGV), Kasokero (KKOV), and Gossas (GOSV) viruses isolated from bats in Senegal and Uganda; Issyk-Kul virus (IKV) isolated from bats in Kyrgyzstan; and Keterah virus (KTRV) isolated from ticks infesting a bat in Malaysia. The S, M, and L genome segments of each virus were found to encode proteins corresponding to the nucleoprotein, polyglycoprotein, and polymerase protein of CCHFV. However, as observed in Leopards Hill virus (LPHV) and Erve virus (ERVV), polyglycoproteins encoded in the M segment lack sequences encoding the double-membrane-spanning CCHFV NSm protein. Amino acid sequence identities, complement-fixation tests, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that these viruses cluster into three groups comprising KKOV, YOGV, and LPHV from bats of the suborder Yingochiroptera; KTRV, IKV, and GOSV from bats of the suborder Yangochiroptera; and TFAV and ERVV from shrews (Soricomorpha: Soricidae). This reflects clade-specific host and vector associations that extend across the genus.
CSIRO Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas peter.walker@csiro.au.
Peter J
PJ
Walker
CSIRO Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
Steven G
SG
Widen
CSIRO Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
Cadhla
C
Firth
CSIRO Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
Kim R
KR
Blasdell
CSIRO Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
Thomas G
TG
Wood
CSIRO Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
Amelia P A
AP
Travassos da Rosa
CSIRO Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
Hilda
H
Guzman
CSIRO Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
Robert B
RB
Tesh
CSIRO Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
Nikos
N
Vasilakis
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002044:Bunyaviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D002685:Chiroptera / Q000821:virology*; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D007707:Kyrgyzstan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D016855:Nairovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009698:Nucleoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D012675:Senegal / Q000453:epidemiology; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012788:Shrews / Q000821:virology*; D013987:Ticks / Q000821:virology*; D014454:Uganda / Q000453:epidemiology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
D009698:Nucleoproteins; D014764:Viral Proteins