Glucanocellulosic ethanol: the undiscovered biofuel potential in energy crops and marine biomass.
Converting biomass to biofuels is a key strategy in substituting fossil fuels to mitigate climate change. Conventional strategies to convert lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol address the fermentation of cellulose-derived glucose. Here we used super-resolution fluorescence microscopy to uncover the nanoscale structure of cell walls in the energy crops maize and Miscanthus where the typical polymer cellulose forms an unconventional layered architecture with the atypical (1, 3)-β-glucan polymer callose. This raised the question about an unused potential of (1, 3)-β-glucan in the fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass. Engineering biomass conversion for optimized (1, 3)-β-glucan utilization, we increased the ethanol yield from both energy crops. The generation of transgenic Miscanthus lines with an elevated (1, 3)-β-glucan content further increased ethanol yield providing a new strategy in energy crop breeding. Applying the (1, 3)-β-glucan-optimized conversion method on marine biomass from brown macroalgae with a naturally high (1, 3)-β-glucan content, we not only substantially increased ethanol yield but also demonstrated an effective co-fermentation of plant and marine biomass. This opens new perspectives in combining different kinds of feedstock for sustainable and efficient biofuel production, especially in coastal regions.
Phytopathology and Biochemistry, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Christian
C
Falter
Phytopathology and Biochemistry, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Claudia
C
Zwikowics
Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany.|Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany.
Dennis
D
Eggert
Phytopathology and Biochemistry, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Antje
A
Blümke
Phytopathology and Biochemistry, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Marcel
M
Naumann
Phytopathology and Biochemistry, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Kerstin
K
Wolff
Phytopathology and Biochemistry, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Dorothea
D
Ellinger
Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany.
Rudolph
R
Reimer
Phytopathology and Biochemistry, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Christian A
CA
Voigt
D056804:Biofuels; D018533:Biomass; D058431:Brachypodium / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism*; D001467:Hordeum / Q000378:metabolism; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D006109:Poaceae / Q000378:metabolism; D014908:Triticum / Q000378:metabolism; D003313:Zea mays / Q000378:metabolism; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
D056804:Biofuels; D047071:beta-Glucans; C036909:lignocellulose; D000431:Ethanol; D008031:Lignin