Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Obesity-Linked Metabolic Diseases and Prebiotic Potential of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts.
Trillions of microorganisms inhabit the human body, strongly colonizing the gastro-intestinal tract and outnumbering our own cells. High-throughput sequencing techniques and new bioinformatic tools have enabled scientists to extend our knowledge on the relationship between the gut microbiota and host's physiology. Disruption of the ecological equilibrium in the gut (i.e., dysbiosis) has been associated with several pathological processes, including obesity and its related comorbidities, with diet being a strong determinant of gut microbial balance. In this review, we discuss the potential prebiotic effect of polyphenol-rich foods and extracts and how they can reshape the gut microbiota, emphasizing the novel role of the mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila in their metabolic benefits.
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. fernando.forato@criucpq.ulaval.ca.|Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada. fernando.forato@criucpq.ulaval.ca.|Hôpital Laval, Pavillon Marguerite d'Youville, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada. fernando.forato@criucpq.ulaval.ca.
Fernando F
FF
Anhê
Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada. thibaut.varin.1@ulaval.ca.
Thibault V
TV
Varin
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. melanie.lebarz@criucpq.ulaval.ca.|Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada. melanie.lebarz@criucpq.ulaval.ca.|Hôpital Laval, Pavillon Marguerite d'Youville, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada. melanie.lebarz@criucpq.ulaval.ca.
Mélanie
M
Le Barz
Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada. yves.desjardins@fsaa.ulaval.ca.
Yves
Y
Desjardins
Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada. emile.levy@recherche-ste-justine.qc.ca.|Research Centre, CHU-Sainte-Justine and Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, 3175, Chemin de la Côte Ste Catherine, bureau 5731A, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada. emile.levy@recherche-ste-justine.qc.ca.|Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. emile.levy@recherche-ste-justine.qc.ca.
Emile
E
Levy
Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada. denis.roy@inaf.ulaval.ca.
Denis
D
Roy
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. andre.marette@criucpq.ulaval.ca.|Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada. andre.marette@criucpq.ulaval.ca.|Hôpital Laval, Pavillon Marguerite d'Youville, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada. andre.marette@criucpq.ulaval.ca.
André
A
Marette
D000818:Animals; D029798:Blueberry Plants; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D064806:Dysbiosis / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005638:Fruit; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism*; D056604:Grape Seed Extract; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D056692:Prebiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000068242:Prunus domestica; D000068239:Prunus persica; D011794:Quercetin; D051381:Rats; D013552:Swine; D029799:Vaccinium macrocarpon; D061327:Verrucomicrobia / Q000378:metabolism*
D056604:Grape Seed Extract; D059808:Polyphenols; D056692:Prebiotics; D011794:Quercetin
Akkermansia; Insulin resistance; Obesity; Polyphenols; Prebiotics