Global patterns of pelagic dinoflagellate diversity across protist size classes unveiled by metabarcoding.
Dinoflagellates (Alveolata) are one of the ecologically most important groups of modern phytoplankton. Their biological complexity makes assessment of their global diversity and community structure difficult. We used massive V9 18S rDNA sequencing from 106 size-fractionated plankton communities collected across the world's surface oceans during the Tara Oceans expedition (2009-2012) to assess patterns of pelagic dinoflagellate diversity and community structuring over global taxonomic and ecological scales. Our data and analyses suggest that dinoflagellate diversity has been largely underestimated, representing overall ∼ 1/2 of protistan rDNA metabarcode richness assigned at ≥ 90% to a reference sequence in the world's surface oceans. Dinoflagellate metabarcode diversity and abundance display regular patterns across the global scale, with different order-level taxonomic compositions across organismal size fractions. While the pico to nano-planktonic communities are composed of an extreme diversity of metabarcodes assigned to Gymnodiniales or are simply undetermined, most micro-dinoflagellate metabarcodes relate to the well-referenced Gonyaulacales and Peridiniales orders, and a lower abundance and diversity of essentially symbiotic Peridiniales is unveiled in the meso-plankton. Our analyses could help future development of biogeochemical models of pelagic systems integrating the separation of dinoflagellates into functional groups according to plankton size classes.
EPEP - Evolution of Protists and Pelagic Ecosystems, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7144 Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680, Roscoff, France.|Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR7144, 29680, Roscoff, France.
Noan
N
Le Bescot
EPEP - Evolution of Protists and Pelagic Ecosystems, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7144 Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680, Roscoff, France.|Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR7144, 29680, Roscoff, France.|Department of Ecology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 14, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
Frédéric
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2808-0984
F
Mahé
EPEP - Evolution of Protists and Pelagic Ecosystems, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7144 Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680, Roscoff, France.|Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR7144, 29680, Roscoff, France.
Stéphane
S
Audic
EPEP - Evolution of Protists and Pelagic Ecosystems, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7144 Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680, Roscoff, France.|Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR7144, 29680, Roscoff, France.
Céline
C
Dimier
EPEP - Evolution of Protists and Pelagic Ecosystems, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7144 Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680, Roscoff, France.|Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR7144, 29680, Roscoff, France.
Marie-José
MJ
Garet
Centre National de Séquençage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, GENOSCOPE, Evry Cedex, France.
Julie
J
Poulain
Centre National de Séquençage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, GENOSCOPE, Evry Cedex, France.|Université d'Evry, UMR 8030, rue Gaston Crémieux CP5706, 91057, Evry Cedex, France.|Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8030, rue Gaston Crémieux CP5706, 91057, Evry Cedex, France.
Patrick
P
Wincker
EPEP - Evolution of Protists and Pelagic Ecosystems, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7144 Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680, Roscoff, France.|Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR7144, 29680, Roscoff, France.
Colomban
C
de Vargas
Ifremer, Dyneco PELAGOS, BP 70, 29280, Plouzané, France.
Raffaele
R
Siano
D001483:Base Sequence; D044822:Biodiversity; D058893:DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D004463:Ecology; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010839:Phytoplankton / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / Q000235:genetics*
D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S