Platelet MicroRNAs: An Overview.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short ~22-nucleotide noncoding RNA that have been found to influence the expression of many genes and cellular processes by either repressing translation or degrading messenger RNA transcripts. Platelet miRNA expression has been shown to be perturbed during ex vivo storage of platelets and in platelet-associated disorders. Although bioinformatics-based miRNA target predictions have been established, direct experimental validation of the role of miRNAs in platelet biology has been rather slow. Target prediction studies are, nonetheless, valuable in directing the design of appropriate experiments to test specific miRNA:messenger RNA interactions relevant to the underlying mechanisms of platelet function in general and in disease as well as in ex vivo storage-associated "storage lesions," a collective term used to include physiologic, biochemical, and morphologic changes that occur in stored platelets. This brief review will focus on emerging human platelet miRNA studies to emphasize their potential role relevant to transfusion medicine field in terms of regulating platelet signaling pathways, markers of platelet associated disorders, and remote impactors of gene expression (intercellular biomodulators) as well as potential platelet quality markers of storage and pathogen reduction treatments.
Section of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD.
Neetu
N
Dahiya
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Tewarit
T
Sarachana
Section of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD.
Long
L
Vu
Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD.
Kevin G
KG
Becker
Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD.
William H
WH
Wood
Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD.
Yongqing
Y
Zhang
Section of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD. Electronic address: chintamani.atreya@fda.hhs.gov.
Chintamani D
CD
Atreya
D000818:Animals; D001791:Blood Platelet Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D001793:Blood Preservation / Q000379:methods; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics
D005819:Genetic Markers; D035683:MicroRNAs
Blood disorders; MicroRNA; Platelets; Signaling pathways