Vitamin D deficiencies among tuberculosis patients in Africa: A systematic review.
The aim of this study was to explore the existence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in tuberculosis (TB) patients living in Africa and to identify its predictor variables. PRISMA guidelines and checklists were used. The sources of the data were Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. We identified 23 articles, of which 15 reported the status of vitamin D in TB with TB. The definition of serum vitamin D status was summarized as severe, deficient, and insufficient when the concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin (OH)-D ≤25, ≤50, and ≤75 nmol/L, respectively. The reports showed that up to 88.9% and 96.3% of patients with TB tested by radioimmunoassay had VDD and vitamin D insufficiency, respectively. Statistically significant variables such as lack of sun exposure, inadequate dietary intake, season, clothing, comorbidities, low body mass index, age, skin pigmentation, use of antiretroviral therapy and anti-TB drugs, and socioeconomic status were identified as the main predictor variables of vitamin D status. VDD and vitamin D insufficiency were highly prevalent in TB patients in Africa. Further case-control studies are warranted to clarify the cause-effect relationship between vitamin D and TB and thereby, design valuable strategies to manage VDD among TB patients in Africa.
Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Food Security Center, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany. Electronic address: tibebe.fscuhoh@gmail.com.
Tibebeselassie Seyoum
TS
Keflie
Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
Nils
N
Nölle
Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
Christine
C
Lambert
Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
Donatus
D
Nohr
Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Food Security Center, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
Hans Konrad
HK
Biesalski
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
Africa; Deficiency; Predictor variables; Tuberculosis; Vitamin D