The Past, Present, and Future of Nicotine Addiction Therapy.
The tobacco addiction treatment field is progressing through innovations in medication development, a focus on precision medicine, and application of new technologies for delivering support in real time and over time. This article reviews the evidence for combined and extended cessation pharmacotherapy and behavioral strategies including provider advice, individual counseling, group programs, the national quitline, websites and social media, and incentives. Healthcare policies are changing to offer cessation treatment to the broad population of smokers. With knowledge of the past and present, this review anticipates what is likely on the horizon in the clinical and public health effort to address tobacco addiction.
Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305; email: JPro@Stanford.edu.
Judith J
JJ
Prochaska
Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143; email: Neal.Benowitz@ucsf.edu.
Neal L
NL
Benowitz
D000470:Alkaloids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001392:Azocines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016642:Bupropion / Q000627:therapeutic use; D037001:Directive Counseling; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011807:Quinolizines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D061108:Social Media; D060145:Text Messaging; D061485:Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D000068580:Varenicline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000093843:Quinolizidine Alkaloids
D000470:Alkaloids; D001392:Azocines; D016642:Bupropion; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D009538:Nicotine; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D011807:Quinolizines; D000068580:Varenicline; C004712:cytisine; D000093843:Quinolizidine Alkaloids
cessation; cigarette; quitline; smoking; tobacco; vape