Vitamin D, Essential Minerals, and Toxic Elements: Exploring Interactions between Nutrients and Toxicants in Clinical Medicine.
In clinical medicine, increasing attention is being directed towards the important areas of nutritional biochemistry and toxicant bioaccumulation as they relate to human health and chronic disease. Optimal nutritional status, including healthy levels of vitamin D and essential minerals, is requisite for proper physiological function; conversely, accrual of toxic elements has the potential to impair normal physiology. It is evident that vitamin D intake can facilitate the absorption and assimilation of essential inorganic elements (such as calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, iron, and selenium) but also the uptake of toxic elements (such as lead, arsenic, aluminum, cobalt, and strontium). Furthermore, sufficiency of essential minerals appears to resist the uptake of toxic metals. This paper explores the literature to determine a suitable clinical approach with regard to vitamin D and essential mineral intake to achieve optimal biological function and to avoid harm in order to prevent and overcome illness. It appears preferable to secure essential mineral status in conjunction with adequate vitamin D, as intake of vitamin D in the absence of mineral sufficiency may result in facilitation of toxic element absorption with potential adverse clinical outcomes.
Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, No. 301, 9509-156 Street, Edmonton, AB, Canada T5P 4J5.
Gerry K
GK
Schwalfenberg
Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2935-66 Street, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6K 4C1.
Stephen J
SJ
Genuis
D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D008903:Minerals / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*
D015386:Hazardous Substances; D008903:Minerals; D014807:Vitamin D