Nanoarchaeota, Their Sulfolobales Host, and Nanoarchaeota Virus Distribution across Yellowstone National Park Hot Springs.
Nanoarchaeota are obligate symbionts with reduced genomes first described from marine thermal vent environments. Here, both community metagenomics and single-cell analysis revealed the presence of Nanoarchaeota in high-temperature (∼90°C), acidic (pH ≈ 2.5 to 3.0) hot springs in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) (United States). Single-cell genome analysis of two cells resulted in two nearly identical genomes, with an estimated full length of 650 kbp. Genome comparison showed that these two cells are more closely related to the recently proposed Nanobsidianus stetteri from a more neutral YNP hot spring than to the marine Nanoarchaeum equitans. Single-cell and catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) analysis of environmental hot spring samples identified the host of the YNP Nanoarchaeota as a Sulfolobales species known to inhabit the hot springs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Nanoarchaeota are widespread in acidic to near neutral hot springs in YNP. An integrated viral sequence was also found within one Nanoarchaeota single-cell genome and further analysis of the purified viral fraction from environmental samples indicates that this is likely a virus replicating within the YNP Nanoarchaeota.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.
Jacob H
JH
Munson-McGee
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, Maine, USA.
Erin K
EK
Field
Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.
Mary
M
Bateson
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.
Colleen
C
Rooney
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, Maine, USA.
Ramunas
R
Stepanauskas
Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA myoung@montana.edu.
Mark J
MJ
Young
D045482:Hot Springs / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D056186:Metagenomics; D046588:Nanoarchaeota / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology* / Q000821:virology*; D000068316:Parks, Recreational; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D059010:Single-Cell Analysis; D016942:Sulfolobales / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014959:Wyoming
D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S