Moderate Intensity Training Impact on the Inflammatory Status and Glycemic Profiles in NOD Mice.
The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse represents a well-established experimental model analogous to human type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) as it is characterized by progressive autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Experiments were designed to investigate the impact of moderate-intensity training on T1D immunomodulation and inflammation. Under a chronic exercise regime, NOD mice were trained on a treadmill for 12 weeks (12 m/min for 30 min, 5 d/wk) while age-matched, control animals were left untrained. Prior to and upon completion of the training period, fed plasma glucose and immunological soluble factors were monitored. Both groups showed deteriorated glycemic profiles throughout the study although trained mice tended to be more compensated than controls after 10 weeks of training. An exercise-induced weight loss was detected in the trained mice with respect to the controls from week 6. After 12 weeks, IL-6 and MIP-1β were decreased in the trained animals compared to their baseline values and versus controls, although not significantly. Morphometric analysis of pancreata revealed the presence of larger infiltrates along with decreased α-cells areas in the control mice compared to trained mice. Exercise may exert positive immunomodulation of systemic functions with respect to both T1D and inflammation, but only in a stringent therapeutic window.
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy ; Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA ; Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy.
Roberto
R
Codella
Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Giacomo
G
Lanzoni
Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Alessia
A
Zoso
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy ; Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy.
Andrea
A
Caumo
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Anna
A
Montesano
Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Science, Metabolism, Nutrigenomics and Cellular Differentiation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Ileana M
IM
Terruzzi
Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Camillo
C
Ricordi
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy ; Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA ; Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy.
Livio
L
Luzi
Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Luca
L
Inverardi
D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001835:Body Weight; D054407:Chemokine CCL4 / Q000097:blood; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D010179:Pancreas / Q000378:metabolism; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal
D001786:Blood Glucose; C496535:Ccl4 protein, mouse; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D015850:Interleukin-6; C577686:interleukin-6, mouse