Assessment of the Occurrence and Risks of Emerging Organic Pollutants (EOPs) in Ikpa River Basin Freshwater Ecosystem, Niger Delta-Nigeria.
The levels of some emerging organic pollutants (EOPs) including endocrine disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals and personal care products were quantified in surface water of a freshwater ecosystem, the Ikpa River Basin, Nigeria using liquid chromatography/high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In addition, leachates and storm water samples collected from nearby dumpsites were also analysed to assess the effect on water quality. Seventeen compounds were detected at the nanogramme-per-litre levels and the ecological risks of selected compounds assessed based on predicted no-effect concentrations derived from comparison of toxicity data recorded for green algae, fish and invertebrate with the maximum measured environmental concentrations, to obtain risk quotients. Some of the compounds showed some level of widespread occurrence or persistence. Also, bisphenol A, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, triclocarban and triclosan were the most important EOPs detected in the study area that may pose detrimental effects to the aquatic organisms based on the outcome of the risk assessment.
Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria. eduinam@uniuyo.edu.ng.
Edu
E
Inam
Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.
Nnanake-Abasi
NA
Offiong
International Environmental Analysis and Education Center (IEAEC), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
Suil
S
Kang
Applied Chromatography Section, Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of Environment, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Paul
P
Yang
Department of Microbiology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.
Joseph
J
Essien
D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D017753:Ecosystem; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005399:Fishes / Q000254:growth & development; D007448:Invertebrates / Q000187:drug effects; D009549:Nigeria; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D018570:Risk Assessment; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D060753:Water Quality
D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
Emerging organic pollutants; Ikpa River; Nigeria; Risk assessment