Real versus Simulated Mobile Phone Exposures in Experimental Studies.
We examined whether exposures to mobile phone radiation in biological/clinical experiments should be performed with real-life Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) emitted by commercially available mobile phone handsets, instead of simulated EMFs emitted by generators or test phones. Real mobile phone emissions are constantly and unpredictably varying and thus are very different from simulated emissions which employ fixed parameters and no variability. This variability is an important parameter that makes real emissions more bioactive. Living organisms seem to have decreased defense against environmental stressors of high variability. While experimental studies employing simulated EMF-emissions present a strong inconsistency among their results with less than 50% of them reporting effects, studies employing real mobile phone exposures demonstrate an almost 100% consistency in showing adverse effects. This consistency is in agreement with studies showing association with brain tumors, symptoms of unwellness, and declines in animal populations. Average dosimetry in studies with real emissions can be reliable with increased number of field measurements, and variation in experimental outcomes due to exposure variability becomes less significant with increased number of experimental replications. We conclude that, in order for experimental findings to reflect reality, it is crucially important that exposures be performed by commercially available mobile phone handsets.
National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 60037 Athens, Greece ; Department of Biology, University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece ; Radiation and Environmental Biophysics Research Centre, 11143 Athens, Greece.
Dimitris J
DJ
Panagopoulos
Experimental Dermatology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
Olle
O
Johansson
The Science and Public Policy Institute, Institute for Healthful Adaptation, Falls Church, VA 22044, USA.
George L
GL
Carlo
D000818:Animals; D040421:Cell Phone; D006801:Humans; D011846:Radio Waves / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013312:Stress, Physiological