Single gene locus changes perturb complex microbial communities as much as apex predator loss.
Many bacterial species are highly social, adaptively shaping their local environment through the production of secreted molecules. This can, in turn, alter interaction strengths among species and modify community composition. However, the relative importance of such behaviours in determining the structure of complex communities is unknown. Here we show that single-locus changes affecting biofilm formation phenotypes in Bacillus subtilis modify community structure to the same extent as loss of an apex predator and even to a greater extent than loss of B. subtilis itself. These results, from experimentally manipulated multitrophic microcosm assemblages, demonstrate that bacterial social traits are key modulators of the structure of their communities. Moreover, they show that intraspecific genetic variability can be as important as strong trophic interactions in determining community dynamics. Microevolution may therefore be as important as species extinctions in shaping the response of microbial communities to environmental change.
Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D2, Ireland.|Trinity Centre for Biodiversity Research, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D2, Ireland.
Deirdre
D
McClean
Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK.|Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK.
Luke
L
McNally
Smurfit Institute of Genetics, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D2, Ireland.
Letal I
LI
Salzberg
Smurfit Institute of Genetics, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D2, Ireland.
Kevin M
KM
Devine
School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
Sam P
SP
Brown
Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D2, Ireland.|Trinity Centre for Biodiversity Research, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D2, Ireland.
Ian
I
Donohue
D000333:Aeromonas; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000235:genetics*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D018441:Biofilms; D016798:Ciliophora; D020387:Food Chain; D016803:Hymenostomatida; D007709:Klebsiella; D059013:Microbial Consortia; D056265:Microbial Interactions; D009154:Mutation; D010247:Paramecium; D012706:Serratia marcescens
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C097712:SinI protein, Bacillus subtilis; C076733:FlaD protein, Bacteria; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase