The health and health behaviours of Australian metropolitan nurses: an exploratory study.
BACKGROUND
Nurses make up the largest component of the health workforce and provide the majority of patient care. Most health education is delivered by nurses, who also serve as healthy living and behavioural role models. Anything that diminishes their health status can impact their credibility as role models, their availability and ability to deliver quality care, and is potentially disadvantageous for the health of the population. Study aims were to investigate nurses' overall health and the presence of chronic disease; to describe nurses' health-related behaviours and to compare them to those of the general population, with both groups matched by age and gender.


METHODS
Cross-sectional descriptive paper-based survey of nurses from two Sydney metropolitan hospitals using established instruments and questions and measurements taken with standardised methods.


RESULTS
This nursing sample (n = 381) had a mean age of 39.9 (SD 11.7, range 20-67) years, Most (n = 315; 82.7 %) were female, worked full-time (80.0 %), and were shift workers (93.0 %). The majority (94.0 %) indicated good, very good or excellent health, despite 42.8 % indicating they had chronic disease. The most common risk factors for chronic disease were inadequate vegetable (92.6 %) and fruit intake (80.1 %), overweight and obesity (44.0 %) and risky alcohol intake (34.7 %); health screening behaviours were not ideal. Aside from overweight and obesity, these risk factors were more prevalent in nurses than the equivalent group of the New South Wales population, particularly for risky alcohol intake which was much more common in female nurses and most marked in those aged under 35 years. However, 80 % met the guidelines for physical activity, more than the equivalent group of the New South Wales population.


CONCLUSIONS
There are early 'warning signs' concerning the health status of nurses. Despite perceiving current good health, support is required for nurses to prevent future chronic disease, particularly in the areas of nutrition and alcohol intake. With these concerns, the nursing workforce ageing and demands for care increasing, it is now time to implement health enhancing strategies for nurses.
Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Prince of Wales Hospital, East Wing Edmund Blackett Building, Randwick, 2031 NSW Australia.
Lin
L
Perry
Charles Perkins Centre and Sydney Nursing School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Robyn
R
Gallagher
Centre for Health Services Management, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia ; Nursing and Health Services Management, Edith Cowan University, Mount Lawley, WA Australia.
Christine
C
Duffield
Chronic disease; Health; Health promotion; Lifestyle; Nurses; Risk factors; Sickness absence; Wellbeing; Workforce; Workplace