Insulin Signaling and Glucose Uptake in the Soleus Muscle of 30-Month-Old Rats After Calorie Restriction With or Without Acute Exercise.
Exercise and calorie restriction (CR) can each improve insulin sensitivity in older individuals, but benefits of combining these treatments on skeletal muscle insulin signaling and glucose uptake are poorly understood, especially in predominantly slow-twitch muscles (eg, soleus). Accordingly, our purpose was to determine independent and combined effects of prior acute exercise and CR (beginning at 14 weeks old) on insulin signaling and glucose uptake in insulin-stimulated soleus muscles of 30-month-old rats. CR alone (but not exercise alone) versus ad libitum sedentary controls induced greater insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. There was a main effect of diet (CR > ad libitum) for insulin-stimulated Akt(Ser473) and Akt(Thr308) phosphorylation. CR alone versus ad libitum sedentary increased Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) Ser(588) phosphorylation and TBC1D1 Thr(596), but not AS160 Thr(642) phosphorylation or abundance of GLUT4, GLUT1, or hexokinase II proteins. Combined CR and exercise versus CR alone did not further increase insulin-stimulated glucose uptake although phosphorylation of Akt(Ser473), Akt(Thr308), TBC1D1(Thr596), and AMPK(Thr172) for the combined group exceeded values for CR and/or exercise alone. These results revealed that although the soleus was highly responsive to a CR-induced enhancement of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, the exercise protocol did not elevate insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, either alone or when combined with CR.
Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
Haiyan
H
Wang
Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. School of Health Sciences, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant.
Naveen
N
Sharma
Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Edward B
EB
Arias
Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. gcartee@umich.edu.
Gregory D
GD
Cartee
D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D051246:Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000379:methods; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D015398:Signal Transduction
D051246:Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative; D007328:Insulin; D005947:Glucose
Dietary restriction; Glucose transport; Glucose transporter; Insulin resistance; Physical activity