Combination of Zinc and All-Trans Retinoic Acid Promotes Protection against Listeria monocytogenes Infection.
Zinc (Zn) is the second most abundant transition metal after iron. It plays a vital role in living organisms and affects multiple aspects of the immune system. All-trans retinoic acid (atRA) is an isomeric form of the vitamin A or retinol. It possesses the greatest biological activity of Vitamin A. Vitamin A and related retinoids influence many aspects of immunity. In this study, we demonstrated that treatment with a combination of Zn and atRA contributes to host resistance against infection by Listeria monocytogenes. Pretreatment with Zn and atRA enhanced resistance against L. monocytogenes infection in mice and treatment with both Zn and atRA showed a higher protective effect than treatment with either alone. Supplementation with Zn, atRA or their combination decreased the number of L. monocytogenes present in target organs. In vitro, supplementation increased the bacterial uptake by macrophage cells and reduced the replication of L. monocytogenes. Our results suggest that the combination of Zn and atRA has a great bacteriostatic impact on L. monocytogenes and its infection.
The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
Yussaira
Y
Castillo
The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
Masato
M
Tachibana
The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
Yukiko
Y
Nakatsu
The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
Kenta
K
Watanabe
The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
Takashi
T
Shimizu
The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
Masahisa
M
Watarai
D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D008088:Listeriosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
D016207:Cytokines; D020011:Protective Agents; D014212:Tretinoin; D015032:Zinc