The relation between celiac disease, nonceliac gluten sensitivity and irritable bowel syndrome.
Wheat products make a substantial contribution to the dietary intake of many people worldwide. Despite the many beneficial aspects of consuming wheat products, it is also responsible for several diseases such as celiac disease (CD), wheat allergy, and nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). CD and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients have similar gastrointestinal symptoms, which can result in CD patients being misdiagnosed as having IBS. Therefore, CD should be excluded in IBS patients. A considerable proportion of CD patients suffer from IBS symptoms despite adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). The inflammation caused by gluten intake may not completely subside in some CD patients. It is not clear that gluten triggers the symptoms in NCGS, but there is compelling evidence that carbohydrates (fructans and galactans) in wheat does. It is likely that NCGS patients are a group of self-diagnosed IBS patients who self-treat by adhering to a GFD.
Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Stord Hospital, Stord, Norway. magdy.el-salhy@helse-fonna.no.|Section for Neuroendocrine Gastroenterology, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. magdy.el-salhy@helse-fonna.no.|National Centre for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. magdy.el-salhy@helse-fonna.no.
Magdy
M
El-Salhy
Section for Neuroendocrine Gastroenterology, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Jan.hatlebakk@helse-bergen.no.|National Centre for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. Jan.hatlebakk@helse-bergen.no.
Jan Gunnar
JG
Hatlebakk
Section for Neuroendocrine Gastroenterology, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Odd.helge.gilja@helse-bergen.no.|National Centre for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. Odd.helge.gilja@helse-bergen.no.|National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. Odd.helge.gilja@helse-bergen.no.
Odd Helge
OH
Gilja
Section for Neuroendocrine Gastroenterology, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Trygve.hausken@helse-bergen.no.|National Centre for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. Trygve.hausken@helse-bergen.no.|National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. Trygve.hausken@helse-bergen.no.
Trygve
T
Hausken
D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055050:Diet, Gluten-Free; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005983:Glutens / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000175:diagnosis; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry
D005983:Glutens