Evaluation of calcium and lead interaction, in addition to their impact on thyroid functions in hyper and hypothyroid patients.
There is compelling evidence in support of interaction between calcium (Ca) and lead (Pb) in thyroid disorders. The aim of present study was to compare the level of Ca and Pb with thyroid hormones such as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxin (FT4) in serum samples of hyperthyroid (HPRT) and hypothyroid (HPOT) patients of both genders. For comparative purpose, age-matched (25-50 years) subjects having no thyroid disorders were selected as referents/controls. The serum samples were acid-digested prior to analysis by atomic absorption spectrometry. The validity and accuracy of the methodology were checked by certified reference materials. The resulted data indicates that the mean values of Ca in serum samples of HPRT patients were significantly higher than those of referent subjects (p < 0.01), while reverse pattern was observed in the case of HPOT patients. The level of Pb was higher in the serum samples of both types of thyroid patients, but difference was significant in case of HPOT patients as compare to referent subjects (p < 0.01). A negative correlation was observed between serum Ca levels and TSH of HPRT patients (-r = 0.37-0.39, p < 0.01), while FT3 and FT4 have positive correlation (r = 0.49-0.52 and r = 0.46-0.47), p values <0.01. The Pb in serum had positive correlation with TSH (r = 0.48-0.51, p < 0.005), while negative correlation was observed for FT3 and FT4 (-r = 0.55-0.56, 0.5-0.54, p < 0.05) in HPRT patients. On the other hand, a reverse pattern was observed, for correlation of Ca and Pb with thyroid functions in HPOT patients.
National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan. nusrat.memon138@gmail.com.
Nusrat Shahab
NS
Memon
National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan. tgkazi@yahoo.com.
Tasneem Gul
TG
Kazi
National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan. hassanimranafridi@yahoo.com.
Hassan Imran
HI
Afridi
National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan. jab_mughal@yahoo.com.
Jameel Ahmed
JA
Baig
National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan. ssadiashafi@gmail.com.
Sadaf Sadia
SS
Arain
National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan. oan.sahito@gmail.com.
Oan Muhammad
OM
Sahito
National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan. chemist_shahnawaz@yahoo.com.
Shahnawaz
S
Baloch
National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan. warisarain90@gmail.com.
Muhammad
M
Waris
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000097:blood*; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000097:blood*; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood
D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D007854:Lead; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013974:Thyroxine; D002118:Calcium
Atomic absorption spectrometer; Calcium; Hyperthyroid; Hypothyroid; Lead; Serum