Risk factors associated with the development of retinopathy 10 yr after the diagnosis of juvenile-onset type 1 diabetes in Taiwan: a cohort study from the CGJDES.
The aim of this study was to examine risk factors associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) 10 yr after the diagnosis of juvenile-onset type 1 diabetes in Taiwan.



This retrospective cohort study of 153 individuals with type 1 diabetes for >10 yr duration (mean duration: 13.1 yr) included participants in the Chang Gung Juvenile Diabetes Eye Study. Risk factors assessed for association with DR included age, gender, age at onset and duration of diabetes, self-reported smoking, blood pressure, lipid profile, urinalysis, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index, spherical equivalent, and axial length of the eyeball.



There were 128 patients without DR and 25 patients with DR. The mean age at onset was 7.0 ± 4.0 yr (mean ± standard deviation). Cox proportional-hazards analysis showed that older-onset age (p = 0.001), higher HbA1c (p = 0.013), and higher triglyceride concentration (p = 0.015) were the strongest correlates of DR after adjustment for diabetes duration.



Development of retinopathy 10 yr after diagnosis in people with juvenile-onset type 1 diabetes was associated with older onset age, higher HbA1c, and higher triglyceride concentration.
Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Nan-Kai
NK
Wang
Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Chi-Chun
CC
Lai
School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Jung-Pan
JP
Wang
Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Wei-Chi
WC
Wu
Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Laura
L
Liu
Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Lung-Kun
LK
Yeh
Biostatistical Center for Clinical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Hsiao-Jung
HJ
Tseng
Biostatistical Center for Clinical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Chee-Jen
CJ
Chang
Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Fu-Sung
FS
Lo
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
DM; T1DM; diabetic retinopathy; juvenile onset