Cigarette smoking in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder: a report from the International College of Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (ICOCS).
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) showed a lower prevalence of cigarette smoking compared to other psychiatric disorders in previous and recent reports. We assessed the prevalence and clinical correlates of the phenomenon in an international sample of 504 OCD patients recruited through the International College of Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (ICOCS) network. Cigarette smoking showed a cross-sectional prevalence of 24.4% in the sample, with significant differences across countries. Females were more represented among smoking patients (16% vs 7%; p<.001). Patients with comorbid Tourette's syndrome (p<.05) and tic disorder (p<.05) were also more represented among smoking subjects. Former smokers reported a higher number of suicide attempts (p<.05). We found a lower cross-sectional prevalence of smoking among OCD patients compared to findings from previous studies in patients with other psychiatric disorders but higher compared to previous and more recent OCD studies. Geographic differences were found and smoking was more common in females and comorbid Tourette's syndrome/tic disorder.
1Department of Psychiatry,University of Milan,Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda,Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico,Milano,Italy.
Bernardo
B
Dell'Osso
3Carracci Medical Group,Mexico City,Mexico.
Humberto
H
Nicolini
4Center for Genomic Sciences,Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México,Mexico City,Mexico.
Nuria
N
Lanzagorta
1Department of Psychiatry,University of Milan,Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda,Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico,Milano,Italy.
Beatrice
B
Benatti
1Department of Psychiatry,University of Milan,Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda,Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico,Milano,Italy.
Gregorio
G
Spagnolin
1Department of Psychiatry,University of Milan,Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda,Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico,Milano,Italy.
M Carlotta
MC
Palazzo
5Dipartimento di Psichiatria,Neurobiologia,Farmacologia e Biotechnologie,Università di Pisa,Pisa,Italy.
Donatella
D
Marazziti
6Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center,New York,USA.
Eric
E
Hollander
7Mental Health Unit,Hertfordshire Partnership Foundation Trust,Queen Elizabeth II Hospital,Welwyn Garden City,UK.
Naomi
N
Fineberg
8MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health,University of Cape Town,Cape Town,South Africa.
Dan J
DJ
Stein
9Department of Psychiatry,University of Florence, andInstitute of Neurosciences,Florence,Italy.
Stefano
S
Pallanti
10Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences,McMaster University,Hamilton,Canada.
Michael
M
Van Ameringen
11MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders,Department of Psychiatry,University of Stellenbosch,South Africa.
Christine
C
Lochner
12University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment in Neurology and Psychiatry Sveti Naum,Sofia,Bulgaria.
Georgi
G
Hranov
13Department of Psychiatry,Sisli Eftal Teaching and Research Hospital,Istanbul,Turkey.
Oguz
O
Karamustafalioglu
12University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment in Neurology and Psychiatry Sveti Naum,Sofia,Bulgaria.
Luchezar
L
Hranov
14Department of Psychiatry,Chaim Sheba Medical Center,Tel Hashomer,Israel.
Joseph
J
Zohar
15Department of Psychiatry,Academic Medical Center,University of Amsterdam,Amsterdam,the Netherlands.
Damiaan
D
Denys
1Department of Psychiatry,University of Milan,Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda,Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico,Milano,Italy.
A Carlo
AC
Altamura
16Psychiatry Unit at Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge. Barcelona,Spain.
Jose M
JM
Menchon
D006801:Humans; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*
Cigarette smoking; comorbidity; gender; obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD); prevalence