Development and validation of the Self-Stigma Questionnaire (SSQ) for people with schizophrenia and its relation to social functioning.
Self-stigma specifically in people with schizophrenia has been little studied. The aims of the present study were to validate a new instrument for the assessment of self-stigma (SSQ) and to assess the relationship between self-stigma and social functioning in people with schizophrenia. A sample of 76 people with schizophrenia was assessed at two moments in time with the SSQ, the PDD (stigma), two scales of social functioning (LSP, SFS), and a scale of general functioning (GAF). The results indicated that SSQ presented good psychometric properties, with Cronbach's alpha ranging between 0.75 and 0.901. The stability of the instrument was between 0.836 and 0.402. Three factors were found in the factor analysis (social discrimination, perceived capabilities, concealment of the disease), explaining 62.66% of the total variance. A relationship was found between self-stigma and social functioning in people with schizophrenia, especially in relation to social contact. In conclusion, the SSQ seems to be a valid and reliable questionnaire for the assessment of self-stigma in people with schizophrenia, and interventions should be designed to cope with self-stigma in order to improve the social functioning of people who suffer schizophrenia.
Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo del Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujades, 42, 08330 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain CIBERSAM.
Susana
S
Ochoa
Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo del Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujades, 42, 08330 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain CIBERSAM.
Francisco
F
Martínez-Zambrano
Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo del Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujades, 42, 08330 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain CIBERSAM.
Mar
M
Garcia-Franco
Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo del Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujades, 42, 08330 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain CIBERSAM.
Sonia
S
Vilamala
Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo del Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujades, 42, 08330 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain CIBERSAM.
Maria
M
Ribas
Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo del Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujades, 42, 08330 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain CIBERSAM.
Oti
O
Arenas
Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo del Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujades, 42, 08330 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain CIBERSAM.
Esther
E
Garcia-Morales
Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo del Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujades, 42, 08330 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain CIBERSAM.
Irene
I
Álvarez
Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo del Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujades, 42, 08330 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain CIBERSAM.
Gemma
G
Escartin
Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo del Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujades, 42, 08330 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain CIBERSAM.
Raul
R
Villellas
Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo del Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujades, 42, 08330 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain CIBERSAM.
Maria Jose
MJ
Escandell
Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo del Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujades, 42, 08330 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain CIBERSAM.
Mónica
M
Martínez-Raves
Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo del Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujades, 42, 08330 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain CIBERSAM.
Elisabeth
E
López-Arias
Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo del Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujades, 42, 08330 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain CIBERSAM.
Christian
C
Cunyat
Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo del Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujades, 42, 08330 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain CIBERSAM.
Josep Maria
JM
Haro
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010465:Perception; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012917:Social Adjustment; D063508:Social Discrimination; D057545:Social Stigma; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult