Larvicidal and Biting Deterrent Activity of Essential Oils of Curcuma longa, Ar-turmerone, and Curcuminoids Against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles quadrimaculatus (Culicidae: Diptera).
Essential oils and extract of Curcuma longa, ar-turmerone, and curcuminoids were evaluated for their larvicidal and deterrent activity against mosquitoes. Ar-turmerone and curcuminoids constituted 36.9, 24.9 and 50.6% of rhizome oil, leaf oil, and rhizome extract, respectively. Ar-turmerone was the major compound of the rhizome oil (36.9%) and leaf oil (24.9%). The ethanolic extract had 15.4% ar-turmerone with 6.6% bisdesmethoxycurcumin, 6.1% desmethoxycurcumin, and 22.6% curcumin. In in vitro studies, essential oils of the leaf (biting deterrence index [BDI] = 0.98), rhizome (BDI = 0.98), and rhizome ethanolic extract (BDI = 0.96) at 10 µg/cm(2) showed biting deterrent activity similar to DEET at 25 nmol/cm(2) against Aedes aegypti L. Among the pure compounds, ar-turmerone (BDI = 1.15) showed the biting deterrent activity higher than DEET at 25 nmol/cm(2) whereas the activity of other compounds was lower than DEET. In Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say, only ar-turmerone showed deterrent activity similar to DEET. In dose-response bioassay, ar-turmerone showed significantly higher biting deterrence than DEET at all the dosages. Ar-turmerone, at 15 nmol/cm(2), showed activity similar to DEET at 25 nmol/cm(2) and activity at 5 nmol/cm(2) was similar to DEET at 20 and 15 nmol/cm(2). Leaf essential oil with LC(50) values of 1.8 and 8.9 ppm against larvae of An. quadrimaculatus and Ae. aegypti, respectively, showed highest toxicity followed by rhizome oil and ethanolic extract. Among the pure compounds, ar-turmerone with LC(50) values of 2.8 and 2.5 ppm against larvae of An. quadrimaculatus and Ae. aegypti, respectively, was most toxic followed by bisdesmethoxycurcumin, curcumin, and desmethoxycurcumin.
National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677. aali@olemiss.edu.
Abbas
A
Ali
National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677.
Yan-Hong
YH
Wang
National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677. Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia.
Ikhlas A
IA
Khan
D000330:Aedes; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles; D030024:Curcuma / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007306:Insecticides; D007659:Ketones; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012717:Sesquiterpenes
D007306:Insecticides; D007659:Ketones; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C078098:ar-turmerone
Curcuna longa; deterrent; essential oil; extract; larvicide; mosquito