Shoe and Field Surface Risk Factors for Acute Lower Extremity Injuries Among Female Youth Soccer Players.
OBJECTIVE
To describe acute lower extremity injuries and evaluate extrinsic risk factors in female youth soccer.


METHODS
Nested case-control study.


METHODS
Youth soccer clubs in Seattle, WA.


METHODS
Female soccer players (n = 351) ages 11 to 15 years randomly selected from 4 soccer clubs from which 83% of their players were enrolled with complete follow-up for 92% of players.


METHODS
Injured players were interviewed regarding injury, field surface, shoe type, and position. Uninjured controls, matched on game or practice session, were also interviewed.


METHODS
The association between risk factors and acute lower extremity injury using logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).


RESULTS
One hundred seventy-three acute lower extremity injuries occurred involving primarily the ankle (39.3%), knee (24.9%), and thigh (11.0%). Over half (52.9%) recovered within 1 week, whereas 30.2% lasted beyond 2 weeks. During practices, those injured were approximately 3-fold (OR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.49-5.31) more likely to play on grass than artificial turf and 2.4-fold (95% CI, 1.03-5.96) more likely to wear cleats on grass than other shoe and surface combinations. During games, injured players were 89% (95% CI, 1.03-4.17) more likely to play defender compared with forward.


CONCLUSIONS
Half of the acute lower extremity injuries affected the ankle or knee. Grass surface and wearing cleats on grass increased training injuries.


CONCLUSIONS
The majority, 64%, of female youth soccer players' acute injuries involve the ankle and knee and injury prevention strategies in this age group should target these areas. When considering playing surfaces for training, communities and soccer organizations should consider the third-generation artificial turf a safe alternative to grass.
Departments of *Family Medicine; and †Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Washington; ‡Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; §Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and ¶The Mountain-Whisper-Light Statistics, Seattle, Washington.
John W
JW
OʼKane
Kristen E
KE
Gray
Marni R
MR
Levy
Moni
M
Neradilek
Allan F
AF
Tencer
Nayak L
NL
Polissar
Melissa A
MA
Schiff
D000293:Adolescent; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000293:injuries*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012775:Shoes; D012916:Soccer / Q000293:injuries*; D014861:Washington / Q000453:epidemiology