Middle School Students' Perceptions of Safety: A Mixed-Methods Study.
BACKGROUND
Active travel to school has been on the decline, despite its beneficial influence on children's current and future well-being. Adults' safety perceptions have been shown to influence children's active travel. Children's perceptions, particularly of safety, may be an important link not only to their present health and travel behaviors, but also their future health and behaviors. This study examined middle school students' perceptions of the built environment and safety.


METHODS
Overall, 776 students from 3 schools in Hudson County, New Jersey participated in a visual survey and structured, interactive classroom discussions. Emergent themes from the discussions were tested using multivariate statistical models.


RESULTS
Findings suggest that older students, boys, and students who self-identified as black, rated built environment scenes as safer. Students also perceived being near adults, traveling in a group, and using crosswalks as significantly safer and want additional recognition of these to further improve safety. Students perceived that being near a school, in daylight, and aesthetics as factors contributing to safety.


CONCLUSIONS
Schools and municipalities may increase programs for students to travel in groups, prioritize maintenance in school zones, and increase the number of crossing guards, particularly outside the immediate school proximity to further improve safety.
Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, 1 Worlds Fair Drive, Somerset, NJ 08873. smsween@rutgers.edu.
Shannon M
SM
Sweeney
Alan M. Voorhees Transportation Center, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 33 Livingston Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ 08901. lavh@rci.rutgers.edu.
Leigh Ann
LA
Von Hagen
D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009515:New Jersey; D012449:Safety; D012572:School Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration; D012737:Sex Factors; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016138:Walking
active travel; children; middle school students; perceptions; safety