Male Aesthetics: A Review of Facial Anatomy and Pertinent Clinical Implications.
Aesthetics continues to be a rapidly growing field within dermatology. In 2014, Americans spent 5 billion dollars on an estimated 9 million minimally invasive cosmetic procedures. Between 1997 and 2014, the number of aesthetic procedures performed on men increased by 273%. The approach to male aesthetics differs from that of females. Men have a squarer face, a more angled and larger jaw, and equally balanced upper and lower facial proportions. Facial muscle mass, subcutaneous tissue, and blood vessel density are also increased in men relative to women. While many of the same cosmetic procedures are performed in males and females, the approach, assessment, and treatment parameters are often different. Improper technique in a male patient can result in feminizing facial features and patient dissatisfaction. With an increasing number of men seeking aesthetic procedures, it behooves dermatologists to familiarize themselves with male facial anatomy and the practice of cosmetic dermatology in this population.
Joshua A
JA
Farhadian
Bradley S
BS
Bloom
Jeremy A
JA
Brauer
D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D000067548:Dermal Fillers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003880:Dermatology; D004954:Esthetics; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015595:Skin Aging
D000067548:Dermal Fillers; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A