Serum and Tissue Steroid Hormone Levels in Canine Mammary Tumours: Clinical and Prognostic Implications.
Hormonal dependency of canine mammary tumours (CMT) has been studied over the last few decades. However, studies assessing the prognostic and predictive potential of serum and/or tissue steroid hormone levels are still scarce in CMT. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report relating serum and tissue levels of steroid hormones and prognosis in dogs. Serum and tumour tissue from 45 female dogs with spontaneous CMT were included in the study. Moreover, serum and normal mammary tissue from 13 healthy female dogs were also included as controls. Steroid hormones were determined by competitive enzyme immunoassay. Overall, levels of steroid hormones in serum and tissue homogenates were significantly different between malignant and benign mammary tumours (p < 0.01), except for progesterone (P4) serum levels that revealed no statistical differences between groups. In malignant tumours, oestrone sulphate (SO4E1), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione (A4), testosterone (T) and P4 elevated tissue concentrations were significantly associated with tumour relapse and/or distant metastasis during follow-up. A significant association was found between elevated tissue SO4E1 (p = 0.003), 17β-oestradiol (E2) (p = 0.036), DHEA (p = 0.022), A4 (p = 0.001) and P4 (p = 0.013) concentrations and shorter disease-free survival and overall survival in female dogs with malignant mammary tumours. The high levels of tissue steroids found in cases of poor prognosis open the possibility of additional new therapeutic approaches. Future clinical trials will be needed to clarify the usefulness of targeting steroid hormones in the treatment of this neoplastic disease.
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.|Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.
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http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6130-8381
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Queiroga
Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Pérez-Alenza
Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain.
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González-Gil
Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain.
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Silván
Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Peña
Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain.
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JC
Illera
D000735:Androstenedione / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D004285:Dogs; D004958:Estradiol / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D004970:Estrone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques / Q000662:veterinary; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality; D011374:Progesterone / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013739:Testosterone / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood
D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D004970:Estrone; D013739:Testosterone; D000735:Androstenedione; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; C017296:estrone sulfate