In Vivo Consumption of Cranberry Exerts ex Vivo Antiadhesive Activity against FimH-Dominated Uropathogenic Escherichia coli: A Combined in Vivo, ex Vivo, and in Vitro Study of an Extract from Vaccinium macrocarpon.
For investigation of the molecular interaction of cranberry extract with adhesins of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), urine from four volunteers consuming standardized cranberry extract (proanthocyanidin content = 1.24%) was analyzed within ex vivo experiments, indicating time-dependent significant inhibition of 40-50% of bacterial adhesion of UPEC strain NU14 to human T24 bladder cells. Under in vitro conditions a dose-dependent increase in bacterial adhesion was observed with proanthocyanidin-enriched cranberry Vaccinium macrocarpon extract (proanthocyanidin content = 21%). Confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy proved that V.m. extract led to the formation of bacterial clusters on the outer plasma membrane of the host cells without subsequent internalization. This agglomerating activity was not observed when a PAC-depleted extract (V.m. extract(≠PAC)) was used, which showed significant inhibition of bacterial adhesion in cases where type 1 fimbriae dominated and mannose-sensitive UPEC strain NU14 was used. V.m. extract(≠PAC) had no inhibitory activity against P- and F1C-fimbriae dominated strain 2980. Quantitative gene expression analysis indicated that PAC-containing as well as PAC-depleted cranberry extracts increased the fimH expression in NU14 as part of a feedback mechanism after blocking FimH. For strain 2980 the PAC-containing extract led to up-regulation of P- and F1C-fimbriae, whereas the PAC-depleted extract had no influence on gene expression. V.m. and V.m. extract(≠PAC) did not influence biofilm and curli formation in UPEC strains NU14 and 2980. These data lead to the conclusion that also proanthocyanidin-free cranberry extracts exert antiadhesive activity by interaction with mannose-sensitive type 1 fimbriae of UPEC.
Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster , Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
Nasli
N
Rafsanjany
Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster , Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
Jandirk
J
Senker
Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster , Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
Simone
S
Brandt
Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster , Mendelstraße 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
Ulrich
U
Dobrindt
Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster , Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
Andreas
A
Hensel
D018830:Adhesins, Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000382:microbiology; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D036781:Fimbriae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D056689:Uropathogenic Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D029799:Vaccinium macrocarpon / Q000737:chemistry*
D018830:Adhesins, Escherichia coli; D010936:Plant Extracts; C058769:fimH protein, E coli; D036781:Fimbriae Proteins
UPEC; adhesion; bladder cells; cranberry; fimH; gene expression; proanthocyanidins; uropathogenic E. coli