A cannabinoid receptor 1 polymorphism is protective against major depressive disorder in methadone-maintained outpatients.
OBJECTIVE
The burden of opiate dependence not only relies on somatic complications such as infectious diseases or acute intoxication but also on frequent psychiatric events such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicidal behavior (SB). Given the preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the associations between cannabinoid systems and both opiate dependence and psychiatric disorders, we chose to address whether one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 gene (CNR1) named rs2023239 would be associated with lifetime MDD and SB in a population of opiate-dependent outpatients remitted under stable methadone treatment.


METHODS
Sociodemographic and clinical data were included as independent factors in two logistic regression models aimed at predicting SB and MDD, respectively, performed with 85 Caucasian individuals.


RESULTS
The minor C allele of rs2023239 showed an independent protective effect against lifetime MDD after adjustment for potential confounders. It was not associated with variables related to suicidal behavior.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite limitations due to the modest sample size, our results are consistent with previous research on the endocannabinoid system and suggest new leads for detecting subjects at risk of MDD, which remains insufficiently diagnosed and treated in patients suffering from severe addictive disorders.
Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.|Inserm UMR-S1144, Paris, France.|Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.
Romain
R
Icick
Inserm UMR-S1144, Paris, France.|Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.|Paris Diderot University, Paris, France.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris, France.
Katell
K
Peoc'h
Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.|Inserm UMR-S1144, Paris, France.
Emily
E
Karsinti
Inserm UMR-S1144, Paris, France.
Kamilla
K
Ksouda
Inserm UMR-S1144, Paris, France.|Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.
Aline
A
Hajj
Inserm UMR-S1144, Paris, France.|Hospital Pharmacy, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris, France.
Vanessa
V
Bloch
Inserm UMR-S1144, Paris, France.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris, France.
Nathalie
N
Prince
Inserm UMR-S1144, Paris, France.|Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.|Paris Diderot University, Paris, France.|Department of Internal Medicine, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
Stéphane
S
Mouly
Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.|Inserm UMR-S1144, Paris, France.|Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.|Paris Diderot University, Paris, France.
Frank
F
Bellivier
Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.|Inserm UMR-S1144, Paris, France.|Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.|Paris Diderot University, Paris, France.
Jean-Pierre
JP
Lépine
Inserm UMR-S1144, Paris, France.|Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.|Paris Diderot University, Paris, France.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris, France.
Jean-Louis
JL
Laplanche
Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.|Inserm UMR-S1144, Paris, France.|Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.|Paris Diderot University, Paris, France.
Florence
F
Vorspan
D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D058850:Opiate Substitution Treatment; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D010045:Outpatients / Q000523:psychology; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D065840:Protective Factors; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000235:genetics*; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D055815:Young Adult
C571130:CNR1 protein, human; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D008691:Methadone