The Taiwanese Derriford Appearance Scale: The translation and validation of a scale to measure individual responses to living with problems of appearance.
The extent of concern about physical appearance is increasingly the subject of scientific study, interventions by health professionals, and media attention. To enable carefully evaluated studies exploring the psychosocial antecedents of appearance distress, and to determine the success of interventions, the Derriford Appearance Scale 24 (DAS24) was developed. This psychometrically sound measure is well used and cited in the appearance psychology field. Outside of a Western context, the extent and impact of appearance distress is less well known. This paper describes the adaptation of the DAS24 for use in Taiwan. A formal translation protocol was followed to adapt the DAS24 into Taiwanese/Cantonese. Two hundred and eight participants from a general population and a visibly different population were recruited in Taipei, Taiwan. These participants completed a test pack administered comprising the translated DAS24, and established measures of anxiety and depression. The scale was analyzed on the basis of classical test theory. A translated DAS Scale comprising 19 items and including three clear factors was the best solution. The scale had good internal consistency, clear convergent validity, and good test-retest reliability. The three factors that emerged were appearance-related social avoidance, social distress, and negative affect. Consistent with expectations, (a) women scored higher than men (greater appearance distress), (b) the cause of appearance difference (burns, cleft lip/palate, etc.) was unrelated to appearance distress, and (c) those with visible differences were more concerned about their appearance than those without. The Taiwanese DAS19 is a user-friendly and psychometrically sound scale that fulfils an important clinical and scientific need. The items that were omitted from the translated version were considered in relation to cultural differences in the experience and expression of shame between Western countries and Taiwan/China, which demands a careful future analysis.
Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
Timothy Peter
TP
Moss
Department of Psychology, BPP University, London, UK.
Victoria
V
Lawson
Sunshine Social Welfare Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan.
Chiu Ying
CY
Liu
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety; D001828:Body Image / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000067029:Physical Appearance, Body; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013624:Taiwan; D055815:Young Adult
Derriford; appearance; disfigurement; visible differences