Regulation of unbalanced redox homeostasis induced by the expression of wild-type HIV-1 viral protein R (NL4-3Vpr) in fission yeast.
The wild-type viral protein R (Vpr) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 exerts multiple effects on cellular activities during infection, including the induction of cell cycle G2 arrest and the death of human cells and cells of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In this study, wild-type Vpr (NL4-3Vpr) integrated as a single copy gene in S. pombe chromosome was used to investigate the molecular impact of Vpr on cellular oxidative stress. NL4-3Vpr triggered an atypical response in early (14-h), and a wellregulated oxidative stress response in late (35-h) log-phase cultures. Specifically, NL4-3Vpr expression induced oxidative stress in the 14-h cultures leading, to decreased levels of superoxide anion (O(2)(·-)), hydroxyl radical (·OH) and glutathione (GSH), and significantly decreased activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione S-transferase. In the 35-h cultures, elevated levels of O(2)(·-) and peroxides were accompanied by increased activities of most antioxidant enzymes, suggesting that the Vpr-induced unbalanced redox state of the cells might contribute to the adverse effects in HIV-infected patients.
Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs , Pécs , Hungary.
Zoltán
Z
Gazdag
Timea
T
Stromájer-Rácz
Joseph
J
Belagyi
Richard Y
RY
Zhao
Robert T
RT
Elder
Eszter
E
Virág
Miklós
M
Pesti
D015825:Chromosomes, Fungal / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012568:Schizosaccharomyces / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029702:Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054325:vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D029702:Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins; D054325:vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C514912:vpr protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D010088:Oxidoreductases
HIV-1; Schizosaccharomyces pombe; Vpr; fission yeast; oxidative stress