Taenia solium porcine cysticercosis in Madagascar: Comparison of immuno-diagnostic techniques and estimation of the prevalence in pork carcasses traded in Antananarivo city.
Taenia solium cysticercosis was reported in official veterinary and medical statistics to be highly prevalent in pigs and humans in Madagascar, but few estimates are available for pigs. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of porcine cysticercosis among pigs slaughtered in Antananarivo abattoirs. Firstly, the diagnostic performance of two antigen-ELISA techniques (B158B60 Ag-ELISA and HP10 Ag-ELISA) and an immunoblotting method were compared with meat inspection procedures on a sample of pigs suspected to be infected with (group 1; n=250) or free of (group 2; n=250) T. solium based on direct veterinary inspection in Madagascar. Sensitivity and specificity of the antigen ELISAs were then estimated using a Bayesian approach for detection of porcine cysticercosis in the absence of a gold standard. Then, a third set of pig sera (group 3, n=250) was randomly collected in Antananarivo slaughterhouses and tested to estimate the overall prevalence of T. solium contamination in pork meat traded in Antananarivo. The antigen ELISAs showed a high sensitivity (>84%), but the B158B60 Ag-ELISA appeared to be more specific than the HP10 Ag-ELISA (model 1: 95% vs 74%; model 2: 87% vs 71%). The overall prevalence of porcine cysticercosis in Antananarivo slaughterhouses was estimated at 2.3% (95% credibility interval [95%CrI]: 0.09-9.1%) to 2.6% (95%CrI: 0.1-10.3%) depending on the model and priors used. Since the sample used in this study is not representative of the national pig population, village-based surveys and longitudinal monitoring at slaughter are needed to better estimate the overall prevalence, geographical patterns and main risk factors for T. solium contamination, in order to improve control policies.
CIRAD: Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement, UMR112 SELMET, F-97410 Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France. Electronic address: vincent.porphyre@cirad.fr.
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Porphyre
Dept. of Production and Population Health, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK. Electronic address: mbetson@rvc.ac.uk.
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Betson
CHU de La Réunion-Groupe Hospitalier Sud Réunion, F-9744 Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France; FOFIFA, Department of Veterinary and Husbandry Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Antananarivo, Madagascar. Electronic address: hents2000@yahoo.fr.
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Rabezanahary
CHU de La Réunion-Groupe Hospitalier Sud Réunion, F-9744 Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France. Electronic address: yoanmb@gmail.com.
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Mboussou
CHU de La Réunion-Groupe Hospitalier Sud Réunion, F-9744 Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France. Electronic address: juliemail_21@yahoo.fr.
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Zafindraibe
FOFIFA-DRZV, Antananarivo, Madagascar. Electronic address: harena23@yahoo.fr.
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Rasamoelina-Andriamanivo
Dept. of Production and Population Health, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK; EpiX Analytics, 1643 Spruce Street, Boulder, CO 80302, USA. Electronic address: scostard@EpiXAnalytics.com.
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Costard
Dept. of Production and Population Health, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK. Electronic address: pfeiffer@rvc.ac.uk.
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Pfeiffer
CHU de La Réunion-Groupe Hospitalier Sud Réunion, F-9744 Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France. Electronic address: alain.michault@chu-reunion.fr.
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Michault
D000003:Abattoirs; D000818:Animals; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000097:blood; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000378:metabolism; D003551:Cysticercosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D008270:Madagascar; D015995:Prevalence; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D041201:Taenia solium / Q000502:physiology*
D000909:Antibodies, Helminth; D000947:Antigens, Helminth
Cysticercosis; ELISA; Enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot; Immunodiagnostic; Madagascar; Taenia solium; pigs