Fetal undernutrition is associated with perinatal sex-dependent alterations in oxidative status.
Intrauterine growth retardation predisposes to hypertension development, known as fetal programming. Females are less susceptible, which has been mainly attributed to estrogen influence. We hypothesize that perinatal differences in oxidative status might also contribute. We studied 21-day-old (prepuberal) and 6-month-old male and female offspring from rats fed ad libitum during gestation (Control) or with 50% of Control daily intake from day 10 to delivery (maternal undernutrition, MUN). We assessed in vivo blood pressure and the following plasma biomarkers of oxidative status: protein carbonyls, thiols, reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity, superoxide anion scavenging activity (SOSA) and catalase activities; we calculated a global score (oxy-score) from them. Estradiol and melatonin concentration was measured in young rats. Prepuberal MUN males were normotensive but already exhibited increased carbonyls and lower thiols, GSH, SOSA and melatonin; oxy-score was significantly lower compared to Control males. Prepuberal MUN females only exhibited reduced SOSA compared to Control females. Adult rats from all experimental groups showed a significant increase in carbonyls and a decrease in antioxidants compared to prepuberal rats; oxy-score was negative in adult rats suggesting the development of a prooxidative status as rat age. Adult MUN males were hypertensive and exhibited the highest increase in carbonyls despite similar or even higher antioxidant levels compared to Controls. Adult MUN females remained normotensive and did not exhibit differences in any of the biomarkers compared to Controls. The better global antioxidant status developed by MUN females during perinatal life could contribute to their protection against hypertension programming.
Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
Pilar
P
Rodríguez-Rodríguez
Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
Angel Luis López
AL
de Pablo
Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
Luis
L
Condezo-Hoyos
Centro de Investigación en Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
María Angeles
MA
Martín-Cabrejas
Centro de Investigación en Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
Yolanda
Y
Aguilera
Instituto Pluridisciplinar and Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Hipertensión, Instituto de Investigación Imas 12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
Gema
G
Ruiz-Hurtado
Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
Perla Y
PY
Gutierrez-Arzapalo
Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
David
D
Ramiro-Cortijo
Instituto Pluridisciplinar and Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
María Soledad
MS
Fernández-Alfonso
Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
María Del Carmen
Mdel C
González
Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: silvia.arribas@uam.es.
Silvia M
SM
Arribas
D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001835:Body Weight; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D004967:Estrogens / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000097:blood; D048070:Fetal Nutrition Disorders / Q000097:blood*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012737:Sex Factors; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000097:blood
D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D004967:Estrogens; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D004958:Estradiol; D002374:Catalase; D005978:Glutathione; D008550:Melatonin; D010100:Oxygen
Experimental models; Fetal programming; Hypertension; Melatonin; Oxidative stress; Plasma; Sex