Prevalence and Correlates of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) in Northwestern Nigeria.
HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) are common among HIV-positive individuals. This study explored the prevalence and correlates of HAND in Nigeria. 80 HIV-positive and 40 HIV-negative adults selected from Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH) received comprehensive evaluations. A multidomain neuropsychological test (MDNPT) battery assessing 7 domains was administered to the participants and their performance was combined with measures of functional status to classify impairments into various grades of HAND. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify correlates of symptomatic HAND. Among the HIV-positive individuals, 50% were highly active antiretroviral therapy-experienced (HAART+) and 50% were highly active antiretroviral therapy naive (HAART-). Symptomatic HAND was found among 40% of the HAART- individuals and 30% of the HAART+ individuals. Respective prevalence of HIV-associated dementia (HAD) was 23% and 5%, respectively (p = 0.0002). In a binary logistic regression model, only fewer years of education independently predicted symptomatic HAND [Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04-1.44, p = 0.016]. The prevalence of HAND in Nigeria is high with HAD being commoner among HAART- patients. Provision of HAART and strict monitoring of patients at risk of HAND are needed to scale down the burden of the disease.
Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Public Health and Diagnostic Institute, College of Medical Sciences, Northwest University, PMB 3220, Kano, Nigeria.
Ahmad M
AM
Yakasai
Department of Psychiatry, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital and Bayero University Kano, PMB 3452, Kano, Nigeria.
Mustafa I
MI
Gudaji
Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital and Bayero University Kano, PMB 3452, Kano, Nigeria.
Hamza
H
Muhammad
Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital and Bayero University Kano, PMB 3452, Kano, Nigeria.
Aliyu
A
Ibrahim
Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital and Bayero University Kano, PMB 3452, Kano, Nigeria.
Lukman F
LF
Owolabi
Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital and Bayero University Kano, PMB 3452, Kano, Nigeria.
Daiyabu A
DA
Ibrahim
Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital and Bayero University Kano, PMB 3452, Kano, Nigeria.
Musa
M
Babashani
Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital and Bayero University Kano, PMB 3452, Kano, Nigeria.
Muhammad S
MS
Mijinyawa
Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital and Bayero University Kano, PMB 3452, Kano, Nigeria.
Musa M
MM
Borodo
Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo Teaching Hospital, Ogun State University, PMB 2002, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Abayomi S
AS
Ogun
Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital and Bayero University Kano, PMB 3452, Kano, Nigeria.
Abdulrazaq G
AG
Habib