The Association Between Parkinson's Disease Motor Impairments and Pain.
This study aimed to: 1) examine the severity and frequency of pain and the extent to which pain interferes with work and 2) explore the contributions of motor impairments to pain in people with Parkinson's disease (PD).



Pain severity, frequency and the impact of pain on work were determined using subscores from the SF-36TM, Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire and SF-12v2TM, respectively, in 231 people with Parkinson's disease. Motor impairments were measured using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Freezing of gait was determined as its presence or absence in the last month. Associations between impairments and pain were examined using logistic regression.



Pain was reported by 187 (81%) participants, with 91 (39%) reporting pain of moderate severity or worse. Pain interfered with work to some extent in 158 (68%) participants. After adjusting for age and gender, increased rigidity was associated with higher pain frequency and more pain that interfered with work (for both models, Odds Ratio = 1.14, 95% confidence interval 1.0-1.3). Tremor was not associated with any measures of pain and motor impairments were not associated with pain severity.



Most people with PD experience pain at least monthly and pain interferes with daily activities. PD impairments are associated with more frequent pain and pain that interferes with work, with rigidity having the strongest association. Development of Parkinson's disease-specific pain assessments and further investigation into the association between PD impairments and pain is warranted.
*Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia natalie.allen@sydney.edu.au.
Natalie E
NE
Allen
*Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Cassandra M
CM
Wong
*Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Colleen G
CG
Canning
*Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.|Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
Niamh
N
Moloney
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014202:Tremor / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology
Motor Impairments; Pain Disorder; Parkinson's Disease; Rigidity