Impact of Cigarette Smoking on Serum Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines and Growth Factors.
Inflammation plays a key role in the initiation, progression, and clinical manifestation of atherosclerosis. Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. The aim of the current study was to investigate the serum concentrations of 12 cytokines and growth factors (EGF, INF-γ, IL-1α/-1β/-2/-4/-6/-8/-10, MCP-1, TNF-α, and VEGF) in an Iranian population, including 192 smokers, comparing these values with concentrations in nonsmokers. One hundred and ninety-two cases were enrolled from the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Of these cases, 82 were cigarette smokers and 110 were nonsmokers. Sex and age were matched for the two groups. The serum concentration of 12 cytokines and growth factors were determined using EV-3513-cytokine-biochip arrays, by competitive chemiluminescence immunoassays. The level of serum MCP-1 was significantly ( p < .001) lower in the female group of cigarette smokers (mean = 88.1 dL/ng), compared with nonsmokers (mean = 155.6 dL/ng). There were no significant differences for the other cytokines and growth factors between the groups. Our finding demonstrate the association of MCP-1 with cigarette smoking, supporting further studies in larger population on evaluating the role of cigarette smoking on pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines.
1 CardiovascularResearch Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Mahdi Hasanzadeh
MH
Daloee
2 Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Amir
A
Avan
3 Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
Seyed Reza
SR
Mirhafez
1 CardiovascularResearch Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Elahe
E
Kavousi
4 Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Mehdi
M
Hasanian-Mehr
2 Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Sousan
S
Darroudi
2 Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Mohammad
M
Tajfard
2 Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Maryam
M
Tayefi
2 Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Hanie
H
Qazizade
2 Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Akram
A
Mohammadi
2 Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Narges
N
Ferydouni
1 CardiovascularResearch Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Mahmoud
M
Ebrahimi
4 Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Majid
M
Ghayour-Mobarhan
D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D007492:Iran; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood*
D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008055:Lipids
cigarette smoking; cytokines; growth factors; inflammation