Spreading of a Lidocaine Formulation on Microneedle-Treated Skin.
The spreadability of a liquid drug formulation on skin is an indication of it either remaining stationary or distributing (spreading) as a droplet. Factors determining droplet spreadability of the formulation are spreading area, diameter of the droplet base, viscosity of the liquid, contact angle, volume of droplet on skin and any others. The creation of microcavities from the application of microneedle (MN) has the potential to control droplet spreading, and hence, target specific areas of skin for drug delivery. However, there is little work that demonstrates spreading of liquid drug formulation on MN-treated skin. Below, spreading of a lidocaine hydrogel formulation and lidocaine solution (reference liquid) on porcine skin is investigated over MN-treated skin. Controlled spreadability was achieved with the lidocaine hydrogel on MN-treated skin as compared with lidocaine solution. It was observed that the droplet spreading parameters such as spreading radius, droplet height and dynamic contact angle were slightly lower for the lidocaine hydrogel than the lidocaine solution on skin. Also, the lidocaine hydrogel on MN-treated skin resulted in slower dynamic reduction of droplet height, contact angle and reduced time taken in attaining static advancing droplets because of the MN microcavities.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK.
Atul
A
Nayak
Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK. Electronic address: D.B.Das@lboro.ac.uk.
Diganta B
DB
Das
Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK.
Tzu C
TC
Chao
Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK.
Victor M
VM
Starov
D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008845:Microinjections / Q000379:methods; D009339:Needles; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D012996:Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013552:Swine; D014783:Viscosity
D012996:Solutions; D008012:Lidocaine
absorption; diffusion; lidocaine; microcavities; microneedles; permeability; porcine skin; skin; spreadability; transdermal drug delivery