Urinary and genital infections in patients with diabetes: How to diagnose and how to treat.
Diabetes is a predisposing factor for urinary tract and genital infections in both women and men. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors constitute a novel therapeutic class indicated for type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, and are already on the market in a few countries in Europe. They decrease glycaemia mainly by enhancing glucose excretion in urine by reducing renal glucose reabsorption via the action of SGLT2 in the kidneys. In general, they are well tolerated, but their mode of action results in specific side effects as well as an increased risk of genital (vulvovaginitis and balanitis) and urinary tract infections, for which T2D patients are already at high risk, reported within the first 6 months of treatment. Usually these infectious events are successfully treated with standard therapies, but diabetologists are not accustomed to dealing with them. The aim of this review is to describe the different types of lower urinary tract and genital infections, and the treatment strategies currently available for patients with diabetes.
Groupe de Recherche en Fertilité Humaine EA 3694, Université Paul-Sabatier, 31059 Toulouse, France. Electronic address: sohnjomnang@yahoo.fr.
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Njomnang Soh
Département de gynécologie obstétrique, CHU Purpan, 1, place Baylac, 31059 Toulouse, France. Electronic address: vidal.fabien@chu-toulouse.fr.
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Vidal
Service d'Urologie, CHU Rangueil, 1, avenue J.-Poulhes, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France. Electronic address: huyghe.e@chu-toulouse.fr.
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Huyghe
Service de Diabétologie, CHU Rangueil, 1, avenue J.-Poulhes, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France. Electronic address: gourdy.p@chu-toulouse.fr.
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Gourdy
Service de Néphrologie, CHU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex, France. Electronic address: halimi@med.univ-tours.fr.
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Halimi
Service de Médecine Interne et HTA, Pôle CardioVasculaire et Métabolique, CHU Rangueil, TSA 50032, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France. Electronic address: duly-bouhanick.b@chu-toulouse.fr.
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Bouhanick
D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D060737:Reproductive Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology
Diabetes; Genital infections; Review; SGLT2 inhibitors; Urinary infections