Media Effects: Theory and Research.
This review analyzes trends and commonalities among prominent theories of media effects. On the basis of exemplary meta-analyses of media effects and bibliometric studies of well-cited theories, we identify and discuss five features of media effects theories as well as their empirical support. Each of these features specifies the conditions under which media may produce effects on certain types of individuals. Our review ends with a discussion of media effects in newer media environments. This includes theories of computer-mediated communication, the development of which appears to share a similar pattern of reformulation from unidirectional, receiver-oriented views, to theories that recognize the transactional nature of communication. We conclude by outlining challenges and promising avenues for future research.
Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 WX, The Netherlands; email: p.m.valkenburg@uva.nl , j.peter@uva.nl.
Patti M
PM
Valkenburg
Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 WX, The Netherlands; email: p.m.valkenburg@uva.nl , j.peter@uva.nl.
Jochen
J
Peter
Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, 637718 Singapore; email: jwalther@ntu.edu.sg.
Joseph B
JB
Walther
D003142:Communication; D006801:Humans; D008402:Mass Media; D012106:Research
computer-mediated communication (CMC); mass communication; mass media, meta-analysis; media effects theory; media violence; selective exposure