Posttranslational Protein Modifications in Plant Metabolism.
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins greatly expand proteome diversity, increase functionality, and allow for rapid responses, all at relatively low costs for the cell. PTMs play key roles in plants through their impact on signaling, gene expression, protein stability and interactions, and enzyme kinetics. Following a brief discussion of the experimental and bioinformatics challenges of PTM identification, localization, and quantification (occupancy), a concise overview is provided of the major PTMs and their (potential) functional consequences in plants, with emphasis on plant metabolism. Classic examples that illustrate the regulation of plant metabolic enzymes and pathways by PTMs and their cross talk are summarized. Recent large-scale proteomics studies mapped many PTMs to a wide range of metabolic functions. Unraveling of the PTM code, i.e. a predictive understanding of the (combinatorial) consequences of PTMs, is needed to convert this growing wealth of data into an understanding of plant metabolic regulation.
School for Integrative Plant Sciences, Section Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853.
Giulia
G
Friso
School for Integrative Plant Sciences, Section Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 kv35@cornell.edu.
Klaas J
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9536-0487
KJ
van Wijk
D000107:Acetylation; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000502:physiology*; D008745:Methylation; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000502:physiology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D015398:Signal Transduction
D010940:Plant Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species