The Impact of a Cognitive Behavioral Pain Management Program on Sleep in Patients with Chronic Pain: Results of a Pilot Study.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the impact of a cognitive behavioral pain management program on sleep in patients with chronic pain.


METHODS
Prospective nonrandomized controlled pilot study with evaluations at baseline and 12 weeks.


METHODS
Out-patient multidisciplinary cognitive behavioral pain management program in a university teaching hospital.


METHODS
Patients with chronic pain who fulfilled the criteria for participation in a cognitive behavioral pain management program.


METHODS
Patients assigned to the intervention group (n = 24) completed a 4 week cognitive behavioral pain management program, and were compared with a waiting list control group (n = 22). Assessments for both groups occurred at baseline and two months post cognitive behavioral pain management program. Outcome measures included self-report (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and objective (actigraphy) sleep measures, pain and quality of life measures.


RESULTS
Both groups were comparable at baseline, and all had sleep disturbance. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index correlated with only two of the seven objective sleep measures (fragmentation index r = 0.34, P = 0.02, and sleep efficiency percentage r = -0.31, P = 0.04). There was a large treatment effect for cognitive behavioral pain management program group in mean number of wake bouts (d = 0.76), where a significant group*time interaction was also found (P = 0.016), showing that the CBT-PMP group improved significantly more than controls in this sleep variable.


CONCLUSIONS
Patients attending a cognitive behavioral pain management program have high prevalence of sleep disturbance, and actigraphy technology was well tolerated by the patients. Preliminary analysis of the impact of a cognitive behavioral pain management program on sleep is promising, and warrants further investigation.
Catherine
C
Blake
Jennifer
J
Cunningham
Camillus K
CK
Power
Sheila
S
Horan
Orla
O
Spencer
Brona M
BM
Fullen
D056044:Actigraphy / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*