Combative Sports Injuries: An Edmonton Retrospective.
OBJECTIVE
Mixed martial arts (MMA) is an increasingly popular combative sport involving aggressive techniques that present substantial injury risk. We examined the incidence and types of injuries sustained in MMA fights and compared this with injuries sustained in boxing matches.


METHODS
Consecutive Case Series.


METHODS
We used data from post-fight medical examinations on all bouts in Edmonton, Canada, between 2000 and 2013.


METHODS
The participants were 1181 MMA competitors and 550 boxers.


METHODS
The attending physician conducted a mandatory post-fight examination of all fighters and documented the nature of injuries sustained.


RESULTS
Boxers were significantly more likely not to experience injury (49.8% vs 59.4%, P < 0.001), whereas MMA fighters were significantly more likely to experience 1 injury (typically contusion/bruising, P < 0.001). Boxers were more likely to experience loss of consciousness (7.1% vs 4.2%, P = 0.01) and serious eye injury (1.1% vs 0.3%, P = 0.02).


CONCLUSIONS
The overall injury incidence in MMA competitors appears slightly higher than for boxers, but MMA fighters experience more minor contusion/bruising injuries. Boxers are more likely to experience serious injury such as concussion/head trauma involving loss of consciousness or eye injury such as retinal detachment.
*Glen Sather Sports Medicine Clinic, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; †Faculty of Physical Education, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; ‡Edmonton Combative Sports Commission, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; §Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; ¶Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and ‖Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Shelby
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Karpman
Patrick
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Reid
Leah
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Phillips
Ziling
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Qin
Douglas P
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Gross
D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001914:Boxing / Q000293:injuries*; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000453:epidemiology; D002170:Canada; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000453:epidemiology; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D016139:Martial Arts / Q000293:injuries*; D012189:Retrospective Studies