Uptake and Tissue Distribution of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Wild Fish from Treated-Wastewater-Impacted Streams.
A fish plasma model (FPM) has been proposed as a screening technique to prioritize potential hazardous pharmaceuticals to wild fish. However, this approach does not account for inter- or intraspecies variability of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters. The present study elucidated the uptake potency (from ambient water), tissue distribution, and biological risk of 20 pharmaceutical and personal care product (PPCP) residues in wild cyprinoid fish inhabiting treated-wastewater-impacted streams. In order to clarify the uncertainty of the FPM for PPCPs, we compared the plasma bioaccumulation factor in the field (BAFplasma = measured fish plasma/ambient water concentration ratio) with the predicted plasma bioconcentration factor (BCFplasma = fish plasma predicted by use of theoretical partition coefficients/ambient water concentration ratio) in the actual environment. As a result, the measured maximum BAFplasma of inflammatory agents was up to 17 times higher than theoretical BCFplasma values, leading to possible underestimation of toxicological risk on wild fish. When the tissue-blood partition coefficients (tissue/blood concentration ratios) of PPCPs were estimated, higher transportability into tissues, especially the brain, was found for psychotropic agents, but brain/plasma ratios widely varied among individual fish (up to 28-fold). In the present study, we provide a valuable data set on the intraspecies variability of PPCP pharmacokinetics, and our results emphasize the importance of determining PPCP concentrations in possible target organs as well as in the blood to assess the risk of PPCPs on wild fish.
Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University , 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
Rumi
R
Tanoue
Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University , 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
Kei
K
Nomiyama
Graduate School of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto , 3-1-100 Tsukide, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan.
Haruna
H
Nakamura
Monitoring and Analysis Division, Seamangeum Regional Environmental Office , 100 Seogok-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 560-870, Republic of Korea.
Joon-Woo
JW
Kim
National Institute for Environmental Studies , 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
Tomohiko
T
Isobe
Graduate School of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto , 3-1-100 Tsukide, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan.
Ryota
R
Shinohara
Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University , 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
Tatsuya
T
Kunisue
Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University , 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
Shinsuke
S
Tanabe
D000818:Animals; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003530:Cyprinidae / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007564:Japan; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010599:Pharmacokinetics; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
D003358:Cosmetics; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical