Use of agro-industrial organic sludge amendment to remediate degraded soil: chemical and eco(geno)toxicological differences between fresh and stabilized sludge and establishment of application rates.
Soil degraded by coal mining activities can be remediated by amendment with agro-industrial organic sludge. However, the environmental impacts associated with this management practice must be properly addressed. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the eco(geno)toxicity of a fresh and a stabilized sludge before use in a laboratory soil remediation test. Chemical analysis of the complex mixtures (degraded soil, fresh sludge, and stabilized sludge) was carried out, as well as a battery of eco(geno)toxicity tests on microbiological enzymes (fluorescein hydrolysis), earthworms, and higher plants (including Vicia faba genotoxicity test), according to published methodologies. The results of these tests showed that fresh sludge was more toxic than sludge stabilized over 6 months toward earthworms and higher plants (lettuce, corn, and wild cabbage), while phyto(geno)toxicity tests with V. faba indicated the same genotoxicity levels for the two types of sludge. In the soil remediation simulation using different mixtures of degraded soil and stabilized sludge, the proportions of 50:50% (dry weight basis) provided the lowest phyto(geno)toxicity effects and this mixture can be used for the revegetation of the contaminated site.
Laboratório de Remediação Ambiental, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Cx.P. 360, Itajaí, SC, 88302-202, Brazil.
Claudete G
CG
Chiochetta
Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), CNRS UMR, Université de Lorraine, 7360, Rue du General Delestraint, Metz, F-57070, France.
Sylvie
S
Cotelle
Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), CNRS UMR, Université de Lorraine, 7360, Rue du General Delestraint, Metz, F-57070, France.
Jean-François
JF
Masfaraud
Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), CNRS UMR, Université de Lorraine, 7360, Rue du General Delestraint, Metz, F-57070, France.|Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Zarzouna, 7021, Bizerte, Tunisia.
Hela
H
Toumi
UMR 7517 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg-LHyGeS, 1 rue Blessig, Cedex 67084, Strasbourg, France.
Gaetana
G
Quaranta
Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale, Gruppo RICICLA, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy.
Fabrizio
F
Adani
Laboratório de Remediação Ambiental, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Cx.P. 360, Itajaí, SC, 88302-202, Brazil. radetski@univali.br.
Claudemir M
CM
Radetski
D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D001937:Brassica / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D003032:Coal Mining; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D018545:Lactuca / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D013997:Time Factors; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods; D031307:Vicia faba / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D003313:Zea mays / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development
D007220:Industrial Waste; D012722:Sewage; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants
Agro-industrial sludge; Ecotoxicity; Genotoxicity; Sludge biodegradation; Soil remediation