Functionalization of Defect Sites in Graphene with RuO2 for High Capacitive Performance.
Graphene is an attractive material for its physicochemical properties, but for many applications only chemically synthesized forms such as graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) can be produced in sufficient amounts. If considered as electrode material, the intrinsic defects of GO or rGO may have negative influence on the conductivity and electrochemical properties. Such defects are commonly oxidized sites that offer the possibility to be functionalized with other materials in order to improve performance. In this work, we demonstrate how such ultimately efficient functionalization can be achieved: namely, through controlled binding of very small amount of materials such as RuO2 to rGO by atomic layer deposition (ALD), in this way substituting the native defect sites with RuO2 defects. For the example of a supercapacitor, we show that defect functionalization results in significantly enhanced specific capacitance of the electrode and that its energy density can be stabilized even at high consumption rates.
CIC nanoGUNE Consolider , Tolosa Hiribidea 76, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
Fan
F
Yang
CIC nanoGUNE Consolider , Tolosa Hiribidea 76, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
Lianbing
L
Zhang
CIC nanoGUNE Consolider , Tolosa Hiribidea 76, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
Ana
A
Zuzuarregui
CIC nanoGUNE Consolider , Tolosa Hiribidea 76, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
Keith
K
Gregorczyk
CIC nanoGUNE Consolider , Tolosa Hiribidea 76, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
Le
L
Li
CIC nanoGUNE Consolider , Tolosa Hiribidea 76, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
Mikel
M
Beltrán
CIC nanoGUNE Consolider , Tolosa Hiribidea 76, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
Christopher
C
Tollan
Centro de Física de Materiales , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
Jens
J
Brede
Donostia International Physics Center , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.|Centro de Física de Materiales , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
Celia
C
Rogero
CIC nanoGUNE Consolider , Tolosa Hiribidea 76, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.|Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
Andrey
A
Chuvilin
CIC nanoGUNE Consolider , Tolosa Hiribidea 76, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.|Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
Mato
M
Knez
atomic layer deposition; functionalization; reduced graphene oxide; ruthenium oxide; supercapacitors