Introduction of the gross motor function classification system in Venezuela--a model for knowledge dissemination.
BACKGROUND
A current worldwide common goal is to optimize the health and well-being of children with cerebral palsy (CP). In order to reach that goal, for this heterogeneous group, a common language and classification systems are required to predict development and offer evidence based interventions. In most countries in Africa, South America, Asia and Eastern Europe the classification systems for CP are unfamiliar and rarely used. Education and implementation are required. The specific aims of this study were to examine a model in order to introduce the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS-E&R) in Venezuela, and to examine the validity and the reliability.


METHODS
Children with CP, registered at a National child rehabilitation centre in Venezuela, were invited to participate. The Spanish version of GMFCS-E&R was used. The Wilson mobility scale was translated and used to examine the concurrent validity. A structured questionnaire, comprising aspects of mobility and gross motor function, was constructed. In addition, each child was filmed. A paediatrician in Venezuela received supervised self-education in GMFCS-E&R and the Wilson mobility scale. A Swedish student was educated in GMFCS-E&R and the Wilson mobility scale prior to visiting Venezuela. In Venezuela, all children were classified and scored by the paediatrician and student independently. An experienced paediatric physiotherapist (PT) in Sweden made independent GMFCS-E&R classifications and Wilson mobility scale scorings, accomplished through merging data from the structured questionnaire with observations of the films. Descriptive statistics were used and reliability was presented with weighted Kappa (Kw). Spearman's correlation coefficient was calculated to explore the concurrent validity between GMFCS-E&R and Wilson mobility scale.


RESULTS
Eighty-eight children (56 boys), mean age 10 years (3-18), with CP participated. The inter-rater reliability of GMFCS-E&R between; the paediatrician and the PT was Kw = 0.85 (95% CI: 0.75-0.88), the PT and student was Kw = 0.91 (95% CI: 0.86-0.95) and the paediatrician and student was Kw = 0.85 (95 % CI: 0.79-0.90). The correlations between GMFCS-E&R and Wilson mobility scale were high rs =0.94-0.95 (p < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
In a setting with no previous knowledge of GMFCS-E&R, the model with education, supervised self-education and practice was efficient and resulted in very good reliability and validity.
Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Q2:07, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden. kristina.lowing@ki.se.
Kristina
K
Löwing
Child Rehabilitation Center Mundo de Sonrisas Alta Vista, Mundo De Sonrisas Building, Puerto Ordaz, 8050, Venezuela. ynes3101@gmail.com.
Ynes C
YC
Arredondo
Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Q2:07, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden. mtedroff@gmail.com.
Marika
M
Tedroff
Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Q2:07, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden. kristina.tedroff@ki.se.
Kristina
K
Tedroff
D000293:Adolescent; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden; D014687:Venezuela