Differences in driver genes between smoking-related and non-smoking-related lung cancer in the Chinese population.
Recently, non-smoking-related lung cancer was classified as an independent disease entity because it is different from tobacco-associated lung cancer. Non-smoking-related lung cancer occurs more often in women than men, and the predominant histological type is adenocarcinoma (ADC) rather than squamous cell carcinoma. Most of the driver gene alterations that have been identified in ADC in never-smokers include epidermal growth factor receptor mutations, KRAS mutations, echinoderm microtubule-associated protein like 4/anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusion, and ROS1 fusion, among others. Meanwhile, significant progress has been made in the treatment of ADC. However, in comparison with ADC, no such available molecular targets exist for smoking-associated lung cancer, for which treatment strategies are limited. Next-generation sequencing has been widely applied to the discovery of more genetic profiles of lung cancers. This review summarizes the differences between smoking-related and non-smoking-related lung cancer as follows: different somatic mutation burdens, C:G→A:T transversions, common and novel driver genes, and treatment strategies. Overall, smoking-related lung cancer is more complicated than non-smoking-related lung cancer. Furthermore, we review the prevalence of driver genes in smoking-associated and non-smoking-associated lung cancers in the Chinese population.
Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.|Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
Lan-Ying
LY
Gou
Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.|Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
Fei-Yu
FY
Niu
Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
Yi-Long
YL
Wu
Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
Wen-Zhao
WZ
Zhong
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000235:genetics
C117307:KRAS protein, human; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C062333:ROS1 protein, human; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D018631:ras Proteins
Chinese population; driver gene; lung cancer; mutation burden; next-generation sequencing (NGS); nonsmoker; smoker; treatment strategy