Perspectives on treatment options for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis.
BACKGROUND
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) is a syndrome that is often refractory to drug treatment. The effects on specific syndromes are not currently available from the pre-marketing clinical development of new AEDs; this does not allow the prediction of whether new drugs will be more effective in the treatment of some patients.


METHODS
We have reviewed all the existing literature relevant to the understanding of a potential effectiveness in MTLE-HS patients for the latest AEDs, namely brivaracetam, eslicarbazepine, lacosamide, perampanel and retigabine also including the most relevant clinical data and a brief description of their pharmacological profile. Records were identified using predefined search criteria using electronic databases (e.g., PubMed, Cochrane Library Database of Systematic Reviews). Primary peer-reviewed articles published up to the 15 June 2015 were included.


CONCLUSIONS
All the drugs considered have the potential to be effective in the treatment of MTLE-HS; in fact, they possess proven efficacy in animal models; currently considered valuable tools for predicting drug efficacy in TLE. Furthermore, for some of these (e.g., lacosamide and eslicarbazepine) data are already available from post-marketing studies while brivaracetam acting on SV2A like levetiracetam might have the same potential effectiveness with the possibility to be more efficacious considering its ability to inhibit voltage gated sodium channels; finally, perampanel and retigabine are very effective drugs in animal models of TLE.
a 1 University of Catanzaro, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine , Naples, Italy +39 0 96 13 69 41 91 ; +39 0 96 13 69 41 92 ; erusso@unicz.it.
Caterina
C
Palleria
b 2 Federico II University, Epilepsy Centre, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Department of Neuroscience , Naples, Italy.
Antonietta
A
Coppola
a 1 University of Catanzaro, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine , Naples, Italy +39 0 96 13 69 41 91 ; +39 0 96 13 69 41 92 ; erusso@unicz.it.
Rita
R
Citraro
b 2 Federico II University, Epilepsy Centre, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Department of Neuroscience , Naples, Italy.
Luigi
L
Del Gaudio
b 2 Federico II University, Epilepsy Centre, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Department of Neuroscience , Naples, Italy.
Salvatore
S
Striano
a 1 University of Catanzaro, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine , Naples, Italy +39 0 96 13 69 41 91 ; +39 0 96 13 69 41 92 ; erusso@unicz.it.
Giovambattista
G
De Sarro
a 1 University of Catanzaro, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine , Naples, Italy +39 0 96 13 69 41 91 ; +39 0 96 13 69 41 92 ; erusso@unicz.it.
Emilio
E
Russo
D000081:Acetamides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002219:Carbamates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003984:Dibenzazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D000078334:Lacosamide; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D009570:Nitriles; D010655:Phenylenediamines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010889:Piracetam / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011728:Pyridones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012598:Sclerosis; D013577:Syndrome
D000081:Acetamides; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002219:Carbamates; D003984:Dibenzazepines; D009570:Nitriles; D010655:Phenylenediamines; D011728:Pyridones; C101866:ezogabine; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D000078334:Lacosamide; C551441:perampanel; C571001:eslicarbazepine; D010889:Piracetam
brivaracetam; eslicarbazepine; lacosamide; perampanel; pharmacoresistance; retigabine