Time dependent uptake, bioaccumulation and biotransformation of cell free crude extract microcystins from Lake Amatitlán, Guatemala by Ceratophyllum demersum, Egeria densa and Hydrilla verticillata.
Recent studies evidence that macrophytes can uptake and bioaccumulate microcystins (MC) from contaminated environments, suggesting their use in phytoremediation. In the present study Ceratophyllum demersum, Egeria densa and Hydrilla verticillata were exposed to cell free crude extracts (CE) containing three MC congeners MC-LR, MC-RR and MC-YR at a total MC concentration of 104.4 ± 7.6 μg/L from Lake Amatitlán, Guatemala. Time dependent total glutathione (tGSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), disappearance of MC from exposure medium and macrophyte uptake as well as calculated uptake and biotransformation rates and bioconcentration factors (BCF) were monitored after 1, 4, 8 hours (h) and 1, 3, 7 and 14 days (d). Results showed that tGSH concentrations in all exposed macrophytes were enhanced by CE. Disappearance of 62.1 ± 13, 40.8 ± 3.1 and 37.8 ± 3.5 μg/L total MCs from exposure mediums with E. densa, H. verticillata and C. demersum were observed after 1 h. Followed by the total elimination of MCs in exposure medium from H. verticillata after 14 d. Highest MC bioaccumulation capacity (BCF), was observed in E. densa followed by C. demersum and H. verticillata. The here presented results imply the strong MC phytoremediation potential of the evaluated macrophytes.
Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Ecotoxicological Impact Research and Ecotoxicology, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: claususeth@mailbox.tu-berlin.de.
Claudia Suseth
CS
Romero-Oliva
Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Ecotoxicological Impact Research and Ecotoxicology, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: v.contardojara@tu-berlin.de.
Valeska
V
Contardo-Jara
Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Ecotoxicological Impact Research and Ecotoxicology, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: stephan.pflugmacher@tu-berlin.de.
Stephan
S
Pflugmacher
D001711:Biotransformation; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000378:metabolism; D031321:Hydrocharitaceae / Q000378:metabolism*; D052998:Microcystins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013997:Time Factors; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
D052998:Microcystins; D014873:Water Pollutants; D005978:Glutathione; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide
Accumulation; Bioconcentration factor; Biotransformation; Microcystin congeners; Uptake