Effects of high intensity interval training versus moderate intensity continuous training on the reduction of oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic adult patients: CAT.
BACKGROUND
Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between an excessive production of reactive oxygen species and/or a deficiency in the level of endogenous and exogenous antioxidant defenses. The presence of reactive oxygen species in large concentrations and for long periods is associated with the occurrence of various diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exercise represents an effective means for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and is also able to reduce long-term oxidative stress levels. High-intensity interval training has shown to be an efficient and viable option for type 2 diabetes mellitus control. In turn, high-intensity interval training seems to have positive effects on oxidative stress levels by increasing levels of endogenous antioxidants.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the validity and applicability of the results regarding the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training compared to moderate intensity continuous training to reduce oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to answer the following question: In adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, can the method of high-intensity interval training, compared to moderate intensity continuous training reduce oxidative stress levels?


METHODS
We performed a critical analysis of the article "Continuous training vs Interval training in glycemic control and macro and microvascular reactivity in patients with type 2 diabetes".


RESULTS
No statistically significant differences were observed in concentrations of superoxide dismutase in any of the experimental groups. Only in the interval group a decrease in malondialdehyde regarding control group and baseline (p<0.05) was observed. In addition, only in the interval group there was an increase in glutathione peroxidase compared to the group of continuous aerobic training and baseline (p<0.05). Nitric oxide showed a significant increase regarding the control, continuous aerobic group and baseline (p<0.05) in the interval training group.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite the fact that both training groups show improvements over markers of lipid profile and fitness, high intensity interval training has shown to be more effective in the normalization of oxidative stress, impacting positively on the concentration of pro-oxidant markers and antioxidants.
Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Laboratorio de Estrés Oxidativo y Nefrotoxicidad, programa de Farmacología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Address: Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile. Email: carlos.poblete.aro@gmail.com.
Carlos Emilio
CE
Poblete Aro
Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Javier Antonio
JA
Russell Guzmán
Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Gestión del Deporte y Cultura, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Marcelo Enrique
ME
Soto Muñoz
Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Corporación Municipal de Educación y Salud de San Bernardo, CESFAM Joan Alsina y Raúl Cuevas, Santiago, Chile.
Bastián Eduardo
BE
Villegas González
D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D000072696:High-Intensity Interval Training / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase
aerobic exercises; high intensity interval training; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species; type 2 diabetes mellitus