Aquatic training in MS: neurotherapeutic impact upon quality of life.
Three fundamental principals associated with aquatic therapy differentiate it with respect to exercise on land, and in air. These are buoyancy (reduction in weight of the body within the buoyant medium of water), viscosity (a "drag force" is generated when moving within water, when compared with the same movement in air), and the thermodynamic aspect of water exercise, during which the heat capacity of water is about 1000 times greater than that of an equivalent amount of air; equating to a heat transfer from the body into water at a rate 25 times faster than that of air. Aquatic conditioning, can improve neurologic functioning, with dividends favorably impacting activities of daily living, health maintenance, safety, and ultimately quality of life. Here, we review the application of aquatic exercise training in MS patients.
Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Dallas, Texas.
Ashley N
AN
Frohman
Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Dallas, Texas.
Darin T
DT
Okuda
Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Dallas, Texas ; Multiple Sclerosis, Neuroimmunology, Neuro-Ophthalmology, Neuro-Otology Fellow, Collaborative MS Fellowship Training Program, UT Southwestern, Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, Maryland and New York University NYU Langone Medical Center, New York.
Shin
S
Beh
Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Dallas, Texas.
Katherine
K
Treadaway
Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Dallas, Texas.
Caroline
C
Mooi
Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Dallas, Texas ; Department of Applied Physiology and Wellness, Southern Methodist University Dallas, Texas.
Scott L
SL
Davis
Department of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Dallas, Texas.
Anjali
A
Shah
Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Dallas, Texas ; Department of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas Dallas, Texas ; Department of BioEngineering, University of Texas at Dallas Dallas, Texas.
Teresa C
TC
Frohman
Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Dallas, Texas ; Department of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas Dallas, Texas ; Department of BioEngineering, University of Texas at Dallas Dallas, Texas ; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Dallas, Texas.
Elliot M
EM
Frohman