Effectiveness of Metyrapone in Treating Cushing's Syndrome: A Retrospective Multicenter Study in 195 Patients.
BACKGROUND
Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a severe condition with excess mortality and significant morbidity necessitating control of hypercortisolemia. There are few data documenting use of the steroidogenesis inhibitor metyrapone for this purpose.


OBJECTIVE
The objective was to assess the effectiveness of metyrapone in controlling cortisol excess in a contemporary series of patients with CS.


METHODS
This was designed as a retrospective, multicenter study.


METHODS
Thirteen University hospitals were studied.


METHODS
We studied a total of 195 patients with proven CS: 115 Cushing's disease, 37 ectopic ACTH syndrome, 43 ACTH-independent disease (adrenocortical carcinoma 10, adrenal adenoma 30, and ACTH-independent adrenal hyperplasia 3).


METHODS
Measurements included biochemical parameters of activity of CS: mean serum cortisol "day-curve" (CDC) (target 150-300 nmol/L); 9 am serum cortisol; 24-hour urinary free cortisol (UFC).


RESULTS
A total of 164/195 received metyrapone monotherapy. Mean age was 49.6 ± 15.7 years; mean duration of therapy 8 months (median 3 mo, range 3 d to 11.6 y). There were significant improvements on metyrapone, first evaluation to last review: CDC (91 patients, 722.9 nmol/L [26.2 μg/dL] vs 348.6 nmol/L [12.6 μg/dL]; P < .0001); 9 am cortisol (123 patients, 882.9 nmol/L [32.0 μg/dL] vs 491.1 nmol/L [17.8 μg/dL]; P < .0001); and UFC (37 patients, 1483 nmol/24 h [537 μg/24 h] vs 452.6 nmol/24 h [164 μg/24 h]; P = .003). Overall, control at last review: 55%, 43%, 46%, and 76% of patients who had CDCs, UFCs, 9 am cortisol less than 331 nmol/L (12.0 μg/dL), and 9 am cortisol less than upper limit of normal/600 nmol/L (21.7 μg/dL). Median final dose: Cushing's disease 1375 mg; ectopic ACTH syndrome 1500 mg; benign adrenal disease 750 mg; and adrenocortical carcinoma 1250 mg. Adverse events occurred in 25% of patients, mostly mild gastrointestinal upset and dizziness, usually within 2 weeks of initiation or dose increase, all reversible.


CONCLUSIONS
Metyrapone is effective therapy for short- and long-term control of hypercortisolemia in CS.
The Medical School (E.D., J.N.-P.), University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (S.A., O.M.), B15 2TT London, United Kingdom; The Medical School (S.B.), Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle, United Kingdom; Royal Victoria Infirmary (S.B., A.M.), SE5 9RS Newcastle, United Kingdom; College of Medical and Dental Sciences (K.B., V.C., N.K.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, M13 9PT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (D.J.C., C.D., S.P.R.), University of Liverpool, NE1 4LP Liverpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.D.), University of Manchester, L69 3GA Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Infirmary (K.C.), M13 9WL Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (W.D., K.G.), St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Diabetes (A.G., N.K., I.H.), Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, M6 8HD Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (M.G., A.S.P.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, OX3 7LE Cambridge, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Foundation Trust (T.K., K.Mo.), CB2 0QQ Salford, United Kingdom; Imperial College (K.Me., N.H.), SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (A.R., A.J.L.), Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom; and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust (P.J.T., A.-E.H.M.), M20 4BX Manchester, United Kingdom.
Eleni
E
Daniel
The Medical School (E.D., J.N.-P.), University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (S.A., O.M.), B15 2TT London, United Kingdom; The Medical School (S.B.), Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle, United Kingdom; Royal Victoria Infirmary (S.B., A.M.), SE5 9RS Newcastle, United Kingdom; College of Medical and Dental Sciences (K.B., V.C., N.K.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, M13 9PT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (D.J.C., C.D., S.P.R.), University of Liverpool, NE1 4LP Liverpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.D.), University of Manchester, L69 3GA Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Infirmary (K.C.), M13 9WL Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (W.D., K.G.), St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Diabetes (A.G., N.K., I.H.), Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, M6 8HD Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (M.G., A.S.P.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, OX3 7LE Cambridge, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Foundation Trust (T.K., K.Mo.), CB2 0QQ Salford, United Kingdom; Imperial College (K.Me., N.H.), SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (A.R., A.J.L.), Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom; and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust (P.J.T., A.-E.H.M.), M20 4BX Manchester, United Kingdom.
Simon
S
Aylwin
The Medical School (E.D., J.N.-P.), University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (S.A., O.M.), B15 2TT London, United Kingdom; The Medical School (S.B.), Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle, United Kingdom; Royal Victoria Infirmary (S.B., A.M.), SE5 9RS Newcastle, United Kingdom; College of Medical and Dental Sciences (K.B., V.C., N.K.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, M13 9PT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (D.J.C., C.D., S.P.R.), University of Liverpool, NE1 4LP Liverpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.D.), University of Manchester, L69 3GA Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Infirmary (K.C.), M13 9WL Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (W.D., K.G.), St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Diabetes (A.G., N.K., I.H.), Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, M6 8HD Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (M.G., A.S.P.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, OX3 7LE Cambridge, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Foundation Trust (T.K., K.Mo.), CB2 0QQ Salford, United Kingdom; Imperial College (K.Me., N.H.), SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (A.R., A.J.L.), Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom; and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust (P.J.T., A.-E.H.M.), M20 4BX Manchester, United Kingdom.
Omar
O
Mustafa
The Medical School (E.D., J.N.-P.), University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (S.A., O.M.), B15 2TT London, United Kingdom; The Medical School (S.B.), Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle, United Kingdom; Royal Victoria Infirmary (S.B., A.M.), SE5 9RS Newcastle, United Kingdom; College of Medical and Dental Sciences (K.B., V.C., N.K.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, M13 9PT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (D.J.C., C.D., S.P.R.), University of Liverpool, NE1 4LP Liverpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.D.), University of Manchester, L69 3GA Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Infirmary (K.C.), M13 9WL Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (W.D., K.G.), St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Diabetes (A.G., N.K., I.H.), Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, M6 8HD Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (M.G., A.S.P.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, OX3 7LE Cambridge, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Foundation Trust (T.K., K.Mo.), CB2 0QQ Salford, United Kingdom; Imperial College (K.Me., N.H.), SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (A.R., A.J.L.), Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom; and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust (P.J.T., A.-E.H.M.), M20 4BX Manchester, United Kingdom.
Steve
S
Ball
The Medical School (E.D., J.N.-P.), University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (S.A., O.M.), B15 2TT London, United Kingdom; The Medical School (S.B.), Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle, United Kingdom; Royal Victoria Infirmary (S.B., A.M.), SE5 9RS Newcastle, United Kingdom; College of Medical and Dental Sciences (K.B., V.C., N.K.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, M13 9PT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (D.J.C., C.D., S.P.R.), University of Liverpool, NE1 4LP Liverpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.D.), University of Manchester, L69 3GA Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Infirmary (K.C.), M13 9WL Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (W.D., K.G.), St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Diabetes (A.G., N.K., I.H.), Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, M6 8HD Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (M.G., A.S.P.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, OX3 7LE Cambridge, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Foundation Trust (T.K., K.Mo.), CB2 0QQ Salford, United Kingdom; Imperial College (K.Me., N.H.), SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (A.R., A.J.L.), Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom; and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust (P.J.T., A.-E.H.M.), M20 4BX Manchester, United Kingdom.
Atif
A
Munir
The Medical School (E.D., J.N.-P.), University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (S.A., O.M.), B15 2TT London, United Kingdom; The Medical School (S.B.), Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle, United Kingdom; Royal Victoria Infirmary (S.B., A.M.), SE5 9RS Newcastle, United Kingdom; College of Medical and Dental Sciences (K.B., V.C., N.K.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, M13 9PT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (D.J.C., C.D., S.P.R.), University of Liverpool, NE1 4LP Liverpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.D.), University of Manchester, L69 3GA Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Infirmary (K.C.), M13 9WL Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (W.D., K.G.), St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Diabetes (A.G., N.K., I.H.), Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, M6 8HD Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (M.G., A.S.P.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, OX3 7LE Cambridge, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Foundation Trust (T.K., K.Mo.), CB2 0QQ Salford, United Kingdom; Imperial College (K.Me., N.H.), SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (A.R., A.J.L.), Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom; and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust (P.J.T., A.-E.H.M.), M20 4BX Manchester, United Kingdom.
Kristien
K
Boelaert
The Medical School (E.D., J.N.-P.), University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (S.A., O.M.), B15 2TT London, United Kingdom; The Medical School (S.B.), Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle, United Kingdom; Royal Victoria Infirmary (S.B., A.M.), SE5 9RS Newcastle, United Kingdom; College of Medical and Dental Sciences (K.B., V.C., N.K.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, M13 9PT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (D.J.C., C.D., S.P.R.), University of Liverpool, NE1 4LP Liverpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.D.), University of Manchester, L69 3GA Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Infirmary (K.C.), M13 9WL Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (W.D., K.G.), St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Diabetes (A.G., N.K., I.H.), Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, M6 8HD Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (M.G., A.S.P.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, OX3 7LE Cambridge, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Foundation Trust (T.K., K.Mo.), CB2 0QQ Salford, United Kingdom; Imperial College (K.Me., N.H.), SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (A.R., A.J.L.), Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom; and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust (P.J.T., A.-E.H.M.), M20 4BX Manchester, United Kingdom.
Vasileios
V
Chortis
The Medical School (E.D., J.N.-P.), University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (S.A., O.M.), B15 2TT London, United Kingdom; The Medical School (S.B.), Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle, United Kingdom; Royal Victoria Infirmary (S.B., A.M.), SE5 9RS Newcastle, United Kingdom; College of Medical and Dental Sciences (K.B., V.C., N.K.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, M13 9PT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (D.J.C., C.D., S.P.R.), University of Liverpool, NE1 4LP Liverpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.D.), University of Manchester, L69 3GA Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Infirmary (K.C.), M13 9WL Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (W.D., K.G.), St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Diabetes (A.G., N.K., I.H.), Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, M6 8HD Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (M.G., A.S.P.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, OX3 7LE Cambridge, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Foundation Trust (T.K., K.Mo.), CB2 0QQ Salford, United Kingdom; Imperial College (K.Me., N.H.), SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (A.R., A.J.L.), Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom; and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust (P.J.T., A.-E.H.M.), M20 4BX Manchester, United Kingdom.
Daniel J
DJ
Cuthbertson
The Medical School (E.D., J.N.-P.), University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (S.A., O.M.), B15 2TT London, United Kingdom; The Medical School (S.B.), Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle, United Kingdom; Royal Victoria Infirmary (S.B., A.M.), SE5 9RS Newcastle, United Kingdom; College of Medical and Dental Sciences (K.B., V.C., N.K.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, M13 9PT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (D.J.C., C.D., S.P.R.), University of Liverpool, NE1 4LP Liverpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.D.), University of Manchester, L69 3GA Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Infirmary (K.C.), M13 9WL Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (W.D., K.G.), St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Diabetes (A.G., N.K., I.H.), Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, M6 8HD Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (M.G., A.S.P.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, OX3 7LE Cambridge, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Foundation Trust (T.K., K.Mo.), CB2 0QQ Salford, United Kingdom; Imperial College (K.Me., N.H.), SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (A.R., A.J.L.), Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom; and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust (P.J.T., A.-E.H.M.), M20 4BX Manchester, United Kingdom.
Christina
C
Daousi
The Medical School (E.D., J.N.-P.), University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (S.A., O.M.), B15 2TT London, United Kingdom; The Medical School (S.B.), Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle, United Kingdom; Royal Victoria Infirmary (S.B., A.M.), SE5 9RS Newcastle, United Kingdom; College of Medical and Dental Sciences (K.B., V.C., N.K.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, M13 9PT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (D.J.C., C.D., S.P.R.), University of Liverpool, NE1 4LP Liverpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.D.), University of Manchester, L69 3GA Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Infirmary (K.C.), M13 9WL Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (W.D., K.G.), St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Diabetes (A.G., N.K., I.H.), Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, M6 8HD Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (M.G., A.S.P.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, OX3 7LE Cambridge, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Foundation Trust (T.K., K.Mo.), CB2 0QQ Salford, United Kingdom; Imperial College (K.Me., N.H.), SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (A.R., A.J.L.), Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom; and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust (P.J.T., A.-E.H.M.), M20 4BX Manchester, United Kingdom.
Surya P
SP
Rajeev
The Medical School (E.D., J.N.-P.), University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (S.A., O.M.), B15 2TT London, United Kingdom; The Medical School (S.B.), Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle, United Kingdom; Royal Victoria Infirmary (S.B., A.M.), SE5 9RS Newcastle, United Kingdom; College of Medical and Dental Sciences (K.B., V.C., N.K.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, M13 9PT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (D.J.C., C.D., S.P.R.), University of Liverpool, NE1 4LP Liverpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.D.), University of Manchester, L69 3GA Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Infirmary (K.C.), M13 9WL Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (W.D., K.G.), St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Diabetes (A.G., N.K., I.H.), Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, M6 8HD Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (M.G., A.S.P.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, OX3 7LE Cambridge, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Foundation Trust (T.K., K.Mo.), CB2 0QQ Salford, United Kingdom; Imperial College (K.Me., N.H.), SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (A.R., A.J.L.), Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom; and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust (P.J.T., A.-E.H.M.), M20 4BX Manchester, United Kingdom.
Julian
J
Davis
The Medical School (E.D., J.N.-P.), University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (S.A., O.M.), B15 2TT London, United Kingdom; The Medical School (S.B.), Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle, United Kingdom; Royal Victoria Infirmary (S.B., A.M.), SE5 9RS Newcastle, United Kingdom; College of Medical and Dental Sciences (K.B., V.C., N.K.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, M13 9PT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (D.J.C., C.D., S.P.R.), University of Liverpool, NE1 4LP Liverpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.D.), University of Manchester, L69 3GA Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Infirmary (K.C.), M13 9WL Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (W.D., K.G.), St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Diabetes (A.G., N.K., I.H.), Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, M6 8HD Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (M.G., A.S.P.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, OX3 7LE Cambridge, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Foundation Trust (T.K., K.Mo.), CB2 0QQ Salford, United Kingdom; Imperial College (K.Me., N.H.), SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (A.R., A.J.L.), Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom; and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust (P.J.T., A.-E.H.M.), M20 4BX Manchester, United Kingdom.
Kelly
K
Cheer
The Medical School (E.D., J.N.-P.), University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (S.A., O.M.), B15 2TT London, United Kingdom; The Medical School (S.B.), Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle, United Kingdom; Royal Victoria Infirmary (S.B., A.M.), SE5 9RS Newcastle, United Kingdom; College of Medical and Dental Sciences (K.B., V.C., N.K.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, M13 9PT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (D.J.C., C.D., S.P.R.), University of Liverpool, NE1 4LP Liverpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.D.), University of Manchester, L69 3GA Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Infirmary (K.C.), M13 9WL Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (W.D., K.G.), St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Diabetes (A.G., N.K., I.H.), Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, M6 8HD Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (M.G., A.S.P.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, OX3 7LE Cambridge, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Foundation Trust (T.K., K.Mo.), CB2 0QQ Salford, United Kingdom; Imperial College (K.Me., N.H.), SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (A.R., A.J.L.), Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom; and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust (P.J.T., A.-E.H.M.), M20 4BX Manchester, United Kingdom.
William
W
Drake
The Medical School (E.D., J.N.-P.), University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (S.A., O.M.), B15 2TT London, United Kingdom; The Medical School (S.B.), Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle, United Kingdom; Royal Victoria Infirmary (S.B., A.M.), SE5 9RS Newcastle, United Kingdom; College of Medical and Dental Sciences (K.B., V.C., N.K.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, M13 9PT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (D.J.C., C.D., S.P.R.), University of Liverpool, NE1 4LP Liverpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.D.), University of Manchester, L69 3GA Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Infirmary (K.C.), M13 9WL Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (W.D., K.G.), St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Diabetes (A.G., N.K., I.H.), Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, M6 8HD Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (M.G., A.S.P.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, OX3 7LE Cambridge, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Foundation Trust (T.K., K.Mo.), CB2 0QQ Salford, United Kingdom; Imperial College (K.Me., N.H.), SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (A.R., A.J.L.), Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom; and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust (P.J.T., A.-E.H.M.), M20 4BX Manchester, United Kingdom.
Kirun
K
Gunganah
The Medical School (E.D., J.N.-P.), University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (S.A., O.M.), B15 2TT London, United Kingdom; The Medical School (S.B.), Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle, United Kingdom; Royal Victoria Infirmary (S.B., A.M.), SE5 9RS Newcastle, United Kingdom; College of Medical and Dental Sciences (K.B., V.C., N.K.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, M13 9PT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (D.J.C., C.D., S.P.R.), University of Liverpool, NE1 4LP Liverpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.D.), University of Manchester, L69 3GA Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Infirmary (K.C.), M13 9WL Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (W.D., K.G.), St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Diabetes (A.G., N.K., I.H.), Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, M6 8HD Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (M.G., A.S.P.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, OX3 7LE Cambridge, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Foundation Trust (T.K., K.Mo.), CB2 0QQ Salford, United Kingdom; Imperial College (K.Me., N.H.), SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (A.R., A.J.L.), Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom; and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust (P.J.T., A.-E.H.M.), M20 4BX Manchester, United Kingdom.
Ashley
A
Grossman
The Medical School (E.D., J.N.-P.), University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (S.A., O.M.), B15 2TT London, United Kingdom; The Medical School (S.B.), Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle, United Kingdom; Royal Victoria Infirmary (S.B., A.M.), SE5 9RS Newcastle, United Kingdom; College of Medical and Dental Sciences (K.B., V.C., N.K.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, M13 9PT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (D.J.C., C.D., S.P.R.), University of Liverpool, NE1 4LP Liverpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.D.), University of Manchester, L69 3GA Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Infirmary (K.C.), M13 9WL Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (W.D., K.G.), St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Diabetes (A.G., N.K., I.H.), Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, M6 8HD Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (M.G., A.S.P.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, OX3 7LE Cambridge, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Foundation Trust (T.K., K.Mo.), CB2 0QQ Salford, United Kingdom; Imperial College (K.Me., N.H.), SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (A.R., A.J.L.), Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom; and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust (P.J.T., A.-E.H.M.), M20 4BX Manchester, United Kingdom.
Mark
M
Gurnell
The Medical School (E.D., J.N.-P.), University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (S.A., O.M.), B15 2TT London, United Kingdom; The Medical School (S.B.), Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle, United Kingdom; Royal Victoria Infirmary (S.B., A.M.), SE5 9RS Newcastle, United Kingdom; College of Medical and Dental Sciences (K.B., V.C., N.K.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, M13 9PT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (D.J.C., C.D., S.P.R.), University of Liverpool, NE1 4LP Liverpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.D.), University of Manchester, L69 3GA Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Infirmary (K.C.), M13 9WL Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (W.D., K.G.), St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Diabetes (A.G., N.K., I.H.), Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, M6 8HD Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (M.G., A.S.P.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, OX3 7LE Cambridge, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Foundation Trust (T.K., K.Mo.), CB2 0QQ Salford, United Kingdom; Imperial College (K.Me., N.H.), SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (A.R., A.J.L.), Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom; and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust (P.J.T., A.-E.H.M.), M20 4BX Manchester, United Kingdom.
Andrew S
AS
Powlson
The Medical School (E.D., J.N.-P.), University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (S.A., O.M.), B15 2TT London, United Kingdom; The Medical School (S.B.), Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle, United Kingdom; Royal Victoria Infirmary (S.B., A.M.), SE5 9RS Newcastle, United Kingdom; College of Medical and Dental Sciences (K.B., V.C., N.K.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, M13 9PT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (D.J.C., C.D., S.P.R.), University of Liverpool, NE1 4LP Liverpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.D.), University of Manchester, L69 3GA Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Infirmary (K.C.), M13 9WL Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (W.D., K.G.), St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Diabetes (A.G., N.K., I.H.), Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, M6 8HD Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (M.G., A.S.P.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, OX3 7LE Cambridge, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Foundation Trust (T.K., K.Mo.), CB2 0QQ Salford, United Kingdom; Imperial College (K.Me., N.H.), SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (A.R., A.J.L.), Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom; and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust (P.J.T., A.-E.H.M.), M20 4BX Manchester, United Kingdom.
Niki
N
Karavitaki
The Medical School (E.D., J.N.-P.), University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (S.A., O.M.), B15 2TT London, United Kingdom; The Medical School (S.B.), Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle, United Kingdom; Royal Victoria Infirmary (S.B., A.M.), SE5 9RS Newcastle, United Kingdom; College of Medical and Dental Sciences (K.B., V.C., N.K.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, M13 9PT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (D.J.C., C.D., S.P.R.), University of Liverpool, NE1 4LP Liverpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.D.), University of Manchester, L69 3GA Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Infirmary (K.C.), M13 9WL Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (W.D., K.G.), St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Diabetes (A.G., N.K., I.H.), Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, M6 8HD Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (M.G., A.S.P.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, OX3 7LE Cambridge, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Foundation Trust (T.K., K.Mo.), CB2 0QQ Salford, United Kingdom; Imperial College (K.Me., N.H.), SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (A.R., A.J.L.), Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom; and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust (P.J.T., A.-E.H.M.), M20 4BX Manchester, United Kingdom.
Isabel
I
Huguet
The Medical School (E.D., J.N.-P.), University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (S.A., O.M.), B15 2TT London, United Kingdom; The Medical School (S.B.), Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle, United Kingdom; Royal Victoria Infirmary (S.B., A.M.), SE5 9RS Newcastle, United Kingdom; College of Medical and Dental Sciences (K.B., V.C., N.K.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, M13 9PT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (D.J.C., C.D., S.P.R.), University of Liverpool, NE1 4LP Liverpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.D.), University of Manchester, L69 3GA Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Infirmary (K.C.), M13 9WL Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (W.D., K.G.), St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Diabetes (A.G., N.K., I.H.), Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, M6 8HD Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (M.G., A.S.P.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, OX3 7LE Cambridge, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Foundation Trust (T.K., K.Mo.), CB2 0QQ Salford, United Kingdom; Imperial College (K.Me., N.H.), SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (A.R., A.J.L.), Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom; and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust (P.J.T., A.-E.H.M.), M20 4BX Manchester, United Kingdom.
Tara
T
Kearney
The Medical School (E.D., J.N.-P.), University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (S.A., O.M.), B15 2TT London, United Kingdom; The Medical School (S.B.), Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle, United Kingdom; Royal Victoria Infirmary (S.B., A.M.), SE5 9RS Newcastle, United Kingdom; College of Medical and Dental Sciences (K.B., V.C., N.K.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, M13 9PT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (D.J.C., C.D., S.P.R.), University of Liverpool, NE1 4LP Liverpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.D.), University of Manchester, L69 3GA Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Infirmary (K.C.), M13 9WL Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (W.D., K.G.), St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Diabetes (A.G., N.K., I.H.), Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, M6 8HD Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (M.G., A.S.P.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, OX3 7LE Cambridge, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Foundation Trust (T.K., K.Mo.), CB2 0QQ Salford, United Kingdom; Imperial College (K.Me., N.H.), SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (A.R., A.J.L.), Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom; and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust (P.J.T., A.-E.H.M.), M20 4BX Manchester, United Kingdom.
Kumar
K
Mohit
The Medical School (E.D., J.N.-P.), University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (S.A., O.M.), B15 2TT London, United Kingdom; The Medical School (S.B.), Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle, United Kingdom; Royal Victoria Infirmary (S.B., A.M.), SE5 9RS Newcastle, United Kingdom; College of Medical and Dental Sciences (K.B., V.C., N.K.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, M13 9PT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (D.J.C., C.D., S.P.R.), University of Liverpool, NE1 4LP Liverpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.D.), University of Manchester, L69 3GA Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Infirmary (K.C.), M13 9WL Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (W.D., K.G.), St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Diabetes (A.G., N.K., I.H.), Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, M6 8HD Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (M.G., A.S.P.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, OX3 7LE Cambridge, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Foundation Trust (T.K., K.Mo.), CB2 0QQ Salford, United Kingdom; Imperial College (K.Me., N.H.), SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (A.R., A.J.L.), Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom; and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust (P.J.T., A.-E.H.M.), M20 4BX Manchester, United Kingdom.
Karim
K
Meeran
The Medical School (E.D., J.N.-P.), University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (S.A., O.M.), B15 2TT London, United Kingdom; The Medical School (S.B.), Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle, United Kingdom; Royal Victoria Infirmary (S.B., A.M.), SE5 9RS Newcastle, United Kingdom; College of Medical and Dental Sciences (K.B., V.C., N.K.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, M13 9PT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (D.J.C., C.D., S.P.R.), University of Liverpool, NE1 4LP Liverpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.D.), University of Manchester, L69 3GA Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Infirmary (K.C.), M13 9WL Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (W.D., K.G.), St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Diabetes (A.G., N.K., I.H.), Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, M6 8HD Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (M.G., A.S.P.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, OX3 7LE Cambridge, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Foundation Trust (T.K., K.Mo.), CB2 0QQ Salford, United Kingdom; Imperial College (K.Me., N.H.), SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (A.R., A.J.L.), Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom; and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust (P.J.T., A.-E.H.M.), M20 4BX Manchester, United Kingdom.
Neil
N
Hill
The Medical School (E.D., J.N.-P.), University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (S.A., O.M.), B15 2TT London, United Kingdom; The Medical School (S.B.), Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle, United Kingdom; Royal Victoria Infirmary (S.B., A.M.), SE5 9RS Newcastle, United Kingdom; College of Medical and Dental Sciences (K.B., V.C., N.K.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, M13 9PT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (D.J.C., C.D., S.P.R.), University of Liverpool, NE1 4LP Liverpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.D.), University of Manchester, L69 3GA Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Infirmary (K.C.), M13 9WL Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (W.D., K.G.), St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Diabetes (A.G., N.K., I.H.), Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, M6 8HD Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (M.G., A.S.P.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, OX3 7LE Cambridge, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Foundation Trust (T.K., K.Mo.), CB2 0QQ Salford, United Kingdom; Imperial College (K.Me., N.H.), SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (A.R., A.J.L.), Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom; and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust (P.J.T., A.-E.H.M.), M20 4BX Manchester, United Kingdom.
Aled
A
Rees
The Medical School (E.D., J.N.-P.), University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (S.A., O.M.), B15 2TT London, United Kingdom; The Medical School (S.B.), Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle, United Kingdom; Royal Victoria Infirmary (S.B., A.M.), SE5 9RS Newcastle, United Kingdom; College of Medical and Dental Sciences (K.B., V.C., N.K.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, M13 9PT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (D.J.C., C.D., S.P.R.), University of Liverpool, NE1 4LP Liverpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.D.), University of Manchester, L69 3GA Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Infirmary (K.C.), M13 9WL Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (W.D., K.G.), St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Diabetes (A.G., N.K., I.H.), Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, M6 8HD Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (M.G., A.S.P.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, OX3 7LE Cambridge, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Foundation Trust (T.K., K.Mo.), CB2 0QQ Salford, United Kingdom; Imperial College (K.Me., N.H.), SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (A.R., A.J.L.), Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom; and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust (P.J.T., A.-E.H.M.), M20 4BX Manchester, United Kingdom.
Andrew J
AJ
Lansdown
The Medical School (E.D., J.N.-P.), University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (S.A., O.M.), B15 2TT London, United Kingdom; The Medical School (S.B.), Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle, United Kingdom; Royal Victoria Infirmary (S.B., A.M.), SE5 9RS Newcastle, United Kingdom; College of Medical and Dental Sciences (K.B., V.C., N.K.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, M13 9PT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (D.J.C., C.D., S.P.R.), University of Liverpool, NE1 4LP Liverpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.D.), University of Manchester, L69 3GA Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Infirmary (K.C.), M13 9WL Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (W.D., K.G.), St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Diabetes (A.G., N.K., I.H.), Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, M6 8HD Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (M.G., A.S.P.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, OX3 7LE Cambridge, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Foundation Trust (T.K., K.Mo.), CB2 0QQ Salford, United Kingdom; Imperial College (K.Me., N.H.), SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (A.R., A.J.L.), Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom; and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust (P.J.T., A.-E.H.M.), M20 4BX Manchester, United Kingdom.
Peter J
PJ
Trainer
The Medical School (E.D., J.N.-P.), University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (S.A., O.M.), B15 2TT London, United Kingdom; The Medical School (S.B.), Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle, United Kingdom; Royal Victoria Infirmary (S.B., A.M.), SE5 9RS Newcastle, United Kingdom; College of Medical and Dental Sciences (K.B., V.C., N.K.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, M13 9PT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (D.J.C., C.D., S.P.R.), University of Liverpool, NE1 4LP Liverpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.D.), University of Manchester, L69 3GA Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Infirmary (K.C.), M13 9WL Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (W.D., K.G.), St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Diabetes (A.G., N.K., I.H.), Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, M6 8HD Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (M.G., A.S.P.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, OX3 7LE Cambridge, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Foundation Trust (T.K., K.Mo.), CB2 0QQ Salford, United Kingdom; Imperial College (K.Me., N.H.), SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (A.R., A.J.L.), Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom; and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust (P.J.T., A.-E.H.M.), M20 4BX Manchester, United Kingdom.
Anna-Elisabeth H
AE
Minder
The Medical School (E.D., J.N.-P.), University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (S.A., O.M.), B15 2TT London, United Kingdom; The Medical School (S.B.), Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle, United Kingdom; Royal Victoria Infirmary (S.B., A.M.), SE5 9RS Newcastle, United Kingdom; College of Medical and Dental Sciences (K.B., V.C., N.K.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, M13 9PT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (D.J.C., C.D., S.P.R.), University of Liverpool, NE1 4LP Liverpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.D.), University of Manchester, L69 3GA Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Infirmary (K.C.), M13 9WL Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (W.D., K.G.), St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Diabetes (A.G., N.K., I.H.), Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, M6 8HD Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (M.G., A.S.P.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, OX3 7LE Cambridge, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Foundation Trust (T.K., K.Mo.), CB2 0QQ Salford, United Kingdom; Imperial College (K.Me., N.H.), SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (A.R., A.J.L.), Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom; and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust (P.J.T., A.-E.H.M.), M20 4BX Manchester, United Kingdom.
John
J
Newell-Price
D049913:ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003480:Cushing Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008797:Metyrapone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D008797:Metyrapone