Simulations of Porcine Eye Exposure to Primary Blast Insult.
OBJECTIVE
A computational model of the porcine eye was developed to simulate primary blast exposure. This model facilitates understanding of blast-induced injury mechanisms.


METHODS
A computational model of the porcine eye was used to simulate the effects of primary blast loading for comparison with experimental findings from shock tube experiments. The eye model was exposed to overpressure-time histories measured during physical experiments. Deformations and mechanical stresses within various ocular tissues were then examined for correlation with pathological findings in the experiments.


RESULTS
Stresses and strains experienced in the eye during a primary blast event increase as the severity of the blast exposure increases. Peak stresses in the model occurred in locations in which damage was most often observed in the physical experiments.


CONCLUSIONS
Blast injuries to the anterior chamber may be due to inertial displacement of the lens and ciliary body while posterior damage may arise due to contrecoup interactions of the vitreous and retina. Correlation of modeling predictions with physical experiments lends confidence that the model accurately represents the conditions found in the physical experiments.


CONCLUSIONS
This computational model offers insights into the mechanisms of ocular injuries arising due to primary blast and may be used to simulate the effects of new protective eyewear designs.
Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA ; Biodynamic Research Corporation, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Richard
R
Watson
Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Walt
W
Gray
Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA ; WESMD Professional Associates, San Antonio, TX, USA ; Rosenberg School of Optometry, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX, USA.
William E
WE
Sponsel
U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Brian J
BJ
Lund
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Randolph D
RD
Glickman
Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Sylvia L
SL
Groth
Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Matthew A
MA
Reilly
computational modeling; injury modeling; ocular trauma; primary blast; simulation