Adverse Childhood Events and the Risk for New-Onset Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among U.S. National Guard Soldiers.
This article examines the relationship between childhood adversity and postdeployment new-onset psychopathology among a sample of U.S. National Guard personnel deployed during Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom with no history of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depression. We recruited a sample of 991 Ohio Army National Guard soldiers and conducted structured interviews to assess traumatic event exposure, a history of childhood adversity, and postdeployment depression, and PTSD, consistent with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition. We assessed childhood adversity by using questions from the Childhood Adverse Events Survey. In multivariable logistic models, a history of any childhood adversity was significantly associated with new-onset depression, but not PTSD, postdeployment. This finding suggests that a history of childhood adversity is predisposing for new-onset depression, among U.S. National Guard soldiers who were deployed with no prior history of PTSD or depression. This highlights the centrality of childhood experience for the production of mental health among soldiers.
Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, Room 1505, New York, NY 10032.
Sasha
S
Rudenstine
Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, Room 1505, New York, NY 10032.
Greg
G
Cohen
Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, Room 1505, New York, NY 10032.
Marta
M
Prescott
Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, Room 1505, New York, NY 10032.
Laura
L
Sampson
Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 2215 Fuller Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.
Israel
I
Liberzon
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, 3120 Glendale Avenue Toledo, OH 43614.
Marijo
M
Tamburrino
Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue No. 526, Cleveland, OH 44106.
Joseph
J
Calabrese
Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, Room 1505, New York, NY 10032.
Sandro
S
Galea
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D054523:Adult Survivors of Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology*; D055826:Afghan Campaign 2001-; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D054542:Iraq War, 2003-2011; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D009820:Ohio / Q000453:epidemiology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult