Plant Viruses as Nanoparticle-Based Vaccines and Adjuvants.
Vaccines are considered one of the greatest medical achievements in the battle against infectious diseases. However, the intractability of various diseases such as hepatitis C, HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, and cancer poses persistent hurdles given that traditional vaccine-development methods have proven to be ineffective; as such, these challenges have driven the emergence of novel vaccine design approaches. In this regard, much effort has been put into the development of new safe adjuvants and vaccine platforms. Of particular interest, the utilization of plant virus-like nanoparticles and recombinant plant viruses has gained increasing significance as an effective tool in the development of novel vaccines against infectious diseases and cancer. The present review summarizes recent advances in the use of plant viruses as nanoparticle-based vaccines and adjuvants and their mechanism of action. Harnessing plant-virus immunogenic properties will enable the design of novel, safe, and efficacious prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against disease.
Immunovirology laboratory, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC H1V 1B7, Canada. Marie-Eve.Lebel@iaf.inrs.ca.
Marie-Ève
MÈ
Lebel
Immunovirology laboratory, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC H1V 1B7, Canada. Karine.Chartrand@iaf.inrs.ca.
Karine
K
Chartrand
Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada. Denis.Leclerc@crchudequebec.ulaval.ca.
Denis
D
Leclerc
Immunovirology laboratory, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC H1V 1B7, Canada. alain.lamarre@iaf.inrs.ca.
Alain
A
Lamarre
adjuvant; immune response; production methods; recombinant plant virus; vaccine