Total, insoluble and soluble dietary fibre intake in relation to blood pressure: the INTERMAP Study.
Prospective cohort studies have shown inverse associations between fibre intake and CVD, possibly mediated by blood pressure (BP). However, little is known about the impact of types of fibre on BP. We examined cross-sectional associations with BP of total, insoluble and soluble fibre intakes. Data were used from the INTERnational study on MAcro/micronutrients and blood Pressure (INTERMAP) study, including 2195 men and women aged between 40 and 59 years from the USA. During four visits, eight BP, four 24 h dietary recalls and two 24 h urine samples were collected. Linear regression models adjusted for lifestyle and dietary confounders to estimate BP differences per 2 sd higher intakes of total and individual types of fibre were calculated. After multivariable adjustment, total fibre intake higher by 6·8 g/4184 kJ (6·8 g/1000 kcal) was associated with a 1·69 mmHg lower systolic blood pressure (SBP; 95% CI -2·97, -0·41) and attenuated to -1·01 mmHg (95% CI -2·35, 0·34) after adjustment for urinary K. Insoluble fibre intake higher by 4·6 g/4184 kJ (4·6 g/1000 kcal) was associated with a 1·81 mmHg lower SBP (95% CI -3·65, 0·04), additionally adjusted for soluble fibre and urinary K excretion, whereas soluble fibre was not associated with BP. Raw fruit was the main source of total and insoluble fibre, followed by whole grains and vegetables. In conclusion, higher intakes of fibre, especially insoluble, may contribute to lower BP, independent of nutrients associated with higher intakes of fibre-rich foods.
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,School of Public Health,MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health,Imperial College London,London W2 1PG,UK.
Ghadeer S
GS
Aljuraiban
Linda M Oude
LM
Griep
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,School of Public Health,MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health,Imperial College London,London W2 1PG,UK.
Linda M O
LM
Griep
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,School of Public Health,MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health,Imperial College London,London W2 1PG,UK.
Queenie
Q
Chan
2Department of Preventive Medicine,Feinberg School of Medicine,Northwestern University,Chicago,IL 60208,USA.
Martha L
ML
Daviglus
2Department of Preventive Medicine,Feinberg School of Medicine,Northwestern University,Chicago,IL 60208,USA.
Jeremiah
J
Stamler
2Department of Preventive Medicine,Feinberg School of Medicine,Northwestern University,Chicago,IL 60208,USA.
Linda
L
Van Horn
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,School of Public Health,MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health,Imperial College London,London W2 1PG,UK.
Paul
P
Elliott
3Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group,Imperial College London,London W2 1PG,UK.
Gary S
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0529-6325
GS
Frost
D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014675:Vegetables
D004043:Dietary Fiber; D018977:Micronutrients
BP blood pressure; Blood pressure; DBP diastolic blood pressure; Dietary fibre; Insoluble fibre; SBP systolic blood pressure; Soluble fibre