Laser triangulation measurements of scoliotic spine curvatures.
BACKGROUND
The main purpose of this research was to develop a new method for differentiating between scoliotic and healthy subjects by analysing the curvatures of their spines in the cranio-caudal view.


METHODS
The study included 247 subjects with physiological curvatures of the spine and 28 subjects with clinically confirmed scoliosis. The curvature of the spine was determined by a computer analysis of the surface of the back, measured with a non-invasive, 3D, laser-triangulation system. The determined spinal curve was represented in the transversal plane, which is perpendicular to the line segment that was defined by the initial point and the end point of the spinal curve. This was achieved using a rotation matrix. The distances between the extreme points in the antero-posterior (AP) and left-right (LR) views were calculated in relation to the length of the spine as well as the quotient of these two values LR/AP. All the measured parameters were compared between the scoliotic and control groups using the Student's t-Test in case of normal data and Kruskal-Wallis test in case of non-normal data. Besides, a comprehensive diagram representing the distances between the extreme points in the AP and LR views was introduced, which clearly demonstrated the direction and the size of the thoracic and lumbar spinal curvatures for each individual subject.


RESULTS
While the distances between the extreme points of the spine in the AP view were found to differ only slightly between the groups (p = 0.1), the distances between the LR extreme points were found to be significantly greater in the scoliosis group, compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The quotient LR/AP was statistically significantly different in both groups (p < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
The main innovation of the presented method is the ability to differentiate a scoliotic subject from a healthy subject by assessing the curvature of the spine in the cranio-caudal view. Therefore, the proposed method could be useful for human posture diagnostics as well as to provide a long-term monitoring of scoliotic spine curvatures in preventive and curative clinical practice at all levels of health care.
University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia ; University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
Dušan
D
Čelan
University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia ; University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
Breda
B
Jesenšek Papež
University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Primož
P
Poredoš
University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Janez
J
Možina
3D measurement; Cranio-caudal view; Scoliosis; Spinal curvature; Spinous process