Factors Associated with Nipple Lesions in Puerperae.
This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with nipple lesion development in puerperae. Analyses were performed using the Poisson regression with robust variance. The level of significance was set at 5% (p < 0.05). We evaluated 1270 puerperae, among whom 193 (15.4%) presented with nipple lesions. The condition was more prevalent among the mothers who did not receive information about breastfeeding [PR, 1.69; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.19-2.42], those who underwent cesarean delivery (PR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.02-2.16), those who used a pacifier (prevalence ratios (PR), 2.04; 95% CI, 1.05-3.95), those who used baby formula only (PR, 1.61; 95% CI, 4.82-5.36) and those who used baby formula combined with breastfeeding (PR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.06-2.45). A lower incidence of nipple lesions was observed among those who did not receive information on hand expression of breast milk (PR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.46-0.93) and those who did not breastfeed in the first hour of life (PR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.38-0.97).
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil tata.msousa@gmail.com.
Taciana Maia de
TM
Sousa
Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Luana Caroline Dos
LC
Santos
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Érika Freitas
ÉF
Peixoto
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Leonardo Motta Costa
LM
Lopes
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Luiza Barroso de
LB
Andrade
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Marcelo Cançado
MC
Frois
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Michelle Amanda
MA
Santiago
Departamento de Pediatria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Maria Cândida Ferrarez
MC
Bouzada
D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D009035:Mothers; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009558:Nipples / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies
Breastfeeding; Maternal health; Nipple pain; Risk factors