Primary standards for measuring flow rates from 100 nl/min to 1 ml/min - gravimetric principle.
Microflow and nanoflow rate calibrations are important in several applications such as liquid chromatography, (scaled-down) process technology, and special health-care applications. However, traceability in the microflow and nanoflow range does not go below 16 μl/min in Europe. Furthermore, the European metrology organization EURAMET did not yet validate this traceability by means of an intercomparison between different National Metrology Institutes (NMIs). The NMIs METAS, Centre Technique des Industries Aérauliques et Thermiques, IPQ, Danish Technological Institute, and VSL have therefore developed and validated primary standards to cover the flow rate range from 0.1 μl/min to at least 1 ml/min. In this article, we describe the different designs and methods of the primary standards of the gravimetric principle and the results obtained at the intercomparison for the upper flow rate range for the various NMIs and Bronkhorst High-Tech, the manufacturer of the transfer standards used.
Hugo
H
Bissig
Harm Tido
HT
Petter
Peter
P
Lucas
Elsa
E
Batista
Eduarda
E
Filipe
Nelson
N
Almeida
Luis Filipe
LF
Ribeiro
João
J
Gala
Rui
R
Martins
Benoit
B
Savanier
Florestan
F
Ogheard
Anders Koustrup
AK
Niemann
Joost
J
Lötters
Wouter
W
Sparreboom
D002138:Calibration / Q000592:standards*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D036103:Nanotechnology