Cell-wall disruption and lipid/astaxanthin extraction from microalgae: Chlorella and Haematococcus.
Recently, biofuels and nutraceuticals produced from microalgae have emerged as major interests, resulting in intensive research of the microalgal biorefinery process. In this paper, recent developments in cell-wall disruption and extraction methods are reviewed, focusing on lipid and astaxanthin production from the biotechnologically important microalgae Chlorella and Haematococcus, respectively. As a common, critical bottleneck for recovery of intracellular components such as lipid and astaxanthin from these microalgae, the composition and structure of rigid, thick cell-walls were analyzed. Various chemical, physical, physico-chemical, and biological methods applied for cell-wall breakage and lipid/astaxanthin extraction from Chlorella and Haematococcus are discussed in detail and compared based on efficiency, energy consumption, type and dosage of solvent, biomass concentration and status (wet/dried), toxicity, scalability, and synergistic combinations. This report could serve as a useful guide to the implementation of practical downstream processes for recovery of valuable products from microalgae including Chlorella and Haematococcus.
Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
Dong-Yeon
DY
Kim
Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
Durairaj
D
Vijayan
Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
Ramasamy
R
Praveenkumar
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
Jong-In
JI
Han
Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
Kyubock
K
Lee
Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
Ji-Yeon
JY
Park
Korea District Heating Corp., Bungdang-dong, Seongnam-si, Gyoenggi-do 463-908, Republic of Korea.
Won-Seok
WS
Chang
Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
Jin-Suk
JS
Lee
Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ykoh@kier.re.kr.
You-Kwan
YK
Oh
D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism*; D002708:Chlorella / Q000378:metabolism*; D019686:Lamiaceae / Q000378:metabolism*; D008055:Lipids / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D058086:Microalgae / Q000378:metabolism*; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000302:isolation & purification
D008055:Lipids; D024341:Xanthophylls; C005948:astaxanthine
Astaxanthin; Chlorella; Extraction; Haematococcus; Lipid