State-of-the-art of bone marrow imaging in multiple myeloma.
OBJECTIVE
Multiple myeloma is a common hematological malignancy arising in the bone marrow. Bone lesions were initially depicted with conventional radiography, although recently F-FDG PET/CT and MRI are recognized as having a clear role in the initial workup and in the evaluation of therapy response.


RESULTS
Tumor development produces osteolysis and expansive lesions. Although tumor burden and extent are key prognostic factors, different cancer hallmarks can also be evaluated in vivo through noninvasive imaging.


CONCLUSIONS
This imaging-based virtual biopsy approach might be useful to define several relevant prognostic markers, such as angiogenesis, cellularity, metabolic trapping and bone morphology and elasticity, both before and during treatment, to predict tumor behavior and the early effect of therapy.
aRadiology Department bMusculoskeletal Radiology Section, Biomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230), La Fe Polytechnic and University Hospital cBiomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230), La Fe Health Research Institute dNuclear Medicine Department, La Fe Polytechnic and University Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
Luis
L
Martí-Bonmatí
Cristina
C
Ramirez-Fuentes
Ángel
Á
Alberich-Bayarri
Cristina
C
Ruiz-Llorca
D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods
D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18