Genetic and biological characterization of Muko virus, a new distinct member of the species Great Island virus (genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae), isolated from ixodid ticks in Japan.
Among the tick-borne orbiviruses (genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae), 36 serotypes are currently classified within a single virus species, Great Island virus. In this study, we report the first characterization of a tick-borne orbivirus isolated from the tick Ixodes turdus in Japan, which we identified as a new member of the species Great Island virus. The virus isolate, designated Muko virus (MUV), replicated and induced cytopathic effects in BHK-21, Vero E6, and CCL-141 cells and caused high mortality in suckling mice after intracerebral inoculation. Full genome sequence analysis showed that MUV shared the greatest phylogenetic similarity with Tribeč virus in terms of the amino acid sequences of all viral proteins except for outer capsid protein 1 (OC1; VP4 of MUV). Analysis of genome segment 9 in MUV detected an uninterrupted open reading frame that overlaps with VP6 (Hel), which putatively encodes a molecular and functional equivalent of NS4 from Great Island virus. Our study provides new insights into the geographic distribution, genetic diversity, and evolutionary history of the members of the species Great Island virus.
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
Hiroko
H
Ejiri
Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuiku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
Chang-Kweng
CK
Lim
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan. hisawa@nih.go.jp.
Haruhiko
H
Isawa
Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
Ryusei
R
Kuwata
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
Daisuke
D
Kobayashi
Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuiku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
Yukie
Y
Yamaguchi
Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuiku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
Mutsuyo
M
Takayama-Ito
Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuiku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
Hitomi
H
Kinoshita
Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuiku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
Satsuki
S
Kakiuchi
Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuiku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
Madoka
M
Horiya
Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuiku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
Akira
A
Kotaki
Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuiku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
Tomohiko
T
Takasaki
Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
Ken
K
Maeda
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
Toshihiko
T
Hayashi
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
Toshinori
T
Sasaki
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
Mutsuo
M
Kobayashi
Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuiku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
Masayuki
M
Saijo
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
Kyoko
K
Sawabe
D000818:Animals; D001096:Arachnid Vectors / Q000821:virology*; D002460:Cell Line; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006801:Humans; D018884:Ixodes / Q000821:virology*; D007564:Japan; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D018163:Orbivirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012088:Reoviridae Infections / Q000821:virology*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
D014764:Viral Proteins