Prospective Mediation Models of Sleep, Pain, and Daily Function in Children With Arthritis Using Ecological Momentary Assessment.
Sleep is an emerging area of concern in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Research shows the presence of poor sleep quality and related adverse outcomes in pediatric pain populations, including JIA, but few studies have examined the prospective patterns of association between sleep and associated outcomes. This prospective study evaluated the direction and magnitude of associations between subjective sleep characteristics (sleep quality, difficulty initiating sleep, and sleep duration), pain intensity, and functional limitations in children with JIA. We hypothesized that pain intensity would partially mediate the relationship between sleep and functional limitations.



Children and adolescents with JIA (n=59; age range, 8 to 18 y) recruited during clinic visits, completed smartphone-based diaries for 1 month. Subjective sleep characteristics were reported each morning; pain and functioning were assessed 3 times daily.



As hypothesized, the associations between sleep quality and functional limitations and between difficulty initiating sleep and functional limitations were partially mediated by pain intensity, at any given moment (z=-3.27, P=0.001, z=2.70, P<0.05). Mediation was not detected in a model testing the association between sleep duration, pain intensity, and functional limitations (z=-0.58, P=0.56).



Results suggest that sleep is integral to understanding the momentary association between pain intensity and functioning in children with JIA.
*Psychology Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill §Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC †Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA ‡Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO.
Maggie H
MH
Bromberg
Mark
M
Connelly
Kelly K
KK
Anthony
Karen M
KM
Gil
Laura E
LE
Schanberg
D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology*; D000293:Adolescent; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D000072860:Ecological Momentary Assessment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology*