Uniform and electrically conductive biopolymer-doped polypyrrole coating for fibrous PLA.
Three-dimensional, fibrous scaffolds can be easily fabricated from polylactide (PLA) using melt spinning and textile techniques. However, the surface properties of PLA scaffolds are not ideal for tissue engineering purposes. Furthermore, electrically conducting scaffolds are required to deliver electrical stimulation to cells. In this study, uniform, electrically conducting polypyrrole (PPy) coatings were fabricated on biodegradable PLA fibers. Biopolymer dopants-hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS)-were compared, and a PPy/CS composition was analyzed further. The effect of the oxidative polymerization conditions on the PLA fibers and CS counterion was studied. Furthermore, the initial molecular weight of CS and its degree of polymerization were determined. Our experiments showed that the molecular weight of CS decreases under oxidizing conditions but that the decay is not significant with the short polymerization process we used. The coating process was transferred to nonwoven PLA fabrics, and the stability of PPy/CS coating was studied during in vitro incubation in phosphate buffer solution at physiological temperature. The conductivity and surface roughness of the coating decayed during the 20-day incubation. The mechanical strength, however, remained at the initial level. Thus, the fabricated structures are suitable for short-term electrical stimulation adequate to promote cell functions in specific cases. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1721-1729, 2016.
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, BioMediTech, Tampere, Finland. maiju.hiltunen@tut.fi.
M
M
Hiltunen
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tampere, Finland.
J
J
Pelto
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, BioMediTech, Tampere, Finland.
V
V
Ellä
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, BioMediTech, Tampere, Finland.
M
M
Kellomäki
D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000737:chemistry*
D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D011758:Pyrroles; C067635:polypyrrole; C033616:poly(lactide); D006820:Hyaluronic Acid
coating(s); scaffolds; stability; surface characterization; tissue engineering