Sexual and reproductive health beliefs and practices of female immigrants in Spain: a qualitative study.
BACKGROUND
Sexuality and reproduction are two areas that have been dealt with differently over time and across cultures. Immigrant women resident in Spain, are largely of childbearing age and have some specific needs. Female immigrants have specific beliefs and behaviors which may influence how they approach to the Spanish sexual and reproductive health services. There is less visibility of the health problems presented by women immigrants. This article aims to shed light on the sexual and reproductive health beliefs and experiences of female immigrants in a region of southern Spain.


METHODS
A descriptive study design with qualitative data collection and analysis methods were used. Data were collected through face-to-face in-depth interviews using a semi- structured interview guide that collected information on women's perception and beliefs about their sexual and reproductive health. Thirteen interviews were conducted in 2013 with a multi-ethnic sample of female immigrants, currently all are residing in Andalusia. Interview topics included questions about awareness and beliefs about sexuality and reproduction. Content analysis was used.


RESULTS
We have found that female immigrant brings along all of her beliefs, opinions, attitudes and behaviors regarding sexuality, contraceptives, what is "correct" and what is not, etc. The sexual behavior is conditioned by the prevailing social rules of country of origin, and these rules act ambivalently. In general, knowledge of contraceptive methods was big, but there were perceptions that reproductive health was woman's domain, due to gender norms and traditional family planning geared exclusively towards women.


CONCLUSIONS
Results suggest that women's behavior is influenced by the precepts of their origin societies. Therefore, sexual and reproductive health processes should be adapted and incorporated into our society, with special attention being paid to the immigrant population.
Department of Nursing, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Building B3 Faculty of Health Sciences, 23071, Jaén, Spain. calvarez@ujaen.es.
Carmen
C
Alvarez-Nieto
Department of Nursing, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Building B3 Faculty of Health Sciences, 23071, Jaén, Spain. gpastormoreno@yahoo.es.
Guadalupe
G
Pastor-Moreno
Department of Nursing, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Building B3 Faculty of Health Sciences, 23071, Jaén, Spain. mlgrande@ujaen.es.
María Luisa
ML
Grande-Gascón
Department of Nursing, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Building B3 Faculty of Health Sciences, 23071, Jaén, Spain. mlinares@ujaen.es.
Manuel
M
Linares-Abad
D000028:Abortion, Induced / Q000523:psychology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003268:Contraception Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology*; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005193:Family Planning Services; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D036301:Qualitative Research; D060728:Reproductive Health / Q000208:ethnology*; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D012927:Social Control, Informal; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D016387:Women's Health / Q000208:ethnology; D055815:Young Adult