MRI of rod cell compartment-specific function in disease and treatment in vivo.
Rod cell oxidative stress is a major pathogenic factor in retinal disease, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Personalized, non-destructive, and targeted treatment for these diseases remains elusive since current imaging methods cannot analytically measure treatment efficacy against rod cell compartment-specific oxidative stress in vivo. Over the last decade, novel MRI-based approaches that address this technology gap have been developed. This review summarizes progress in the development of MRI since 2006 that enables earlier evaluation of the impact of disease on rod cell compartment-specific function and the efficacy of anti-oxidant treatment than is currently possible with other methods. Most of the new assays of rod cell compartment-specific function are based on endogenous contrast mechanisms, and this is expected to facilitate their translation into patients with DR and RP, and other oxidative stress-based retinal diseases.
Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Dept. Of Ophthalmology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. Electronic address: baberko@med.wayne.edu.
Bruce A
BA
Berkowitz
Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
David
D
Bissig
Dept. Of Ophthalmology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
Robin
R
Roberts
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000378:metabolism; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017948:Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D012174:Retinitis Pigmentosa / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*
D000975:Antioxidants; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type
Animal models; Calcium channels; Diabetes; MRI; Retinitis pigmentosa; Retinopathy; Subretinal space; Vision