Sustainable Fe-ppm Pd nanoparticle catalysis of Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings in water.
Most of today's use of transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling chemistry relies on expensive quantities of palladium (Pd). Here we report that nanoparticles formed from inexpensive FeCl3 that naturally contains parts-per-million (ppm) levels of Pd can catalyze Suzuki-Miyaura reactions, including cases that involve highly challenging reaction partners. Nanomicelles are employed to both solubilize and deliver the reaction partners to the Fe-ppm Pd catalyst, resulting in carbon-carbon bond formation. The newly formed catalyst can be isolated and stored at ambient temperatures. Aqueous reaction mixtures containing both the surfactant and the catalyst can be recycled.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
Sachin
S
Handa
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
Ye
Y
Wang
Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland.
Fabrice
F
Gallou
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
Bruce H
BH
Lipshutz