Strategies and long-term outcomes in the surgical management of tympanojugular paragangliomas.
The purpose of this study was to share our review of surgical strategies and long-term outcomes in the management of tympanojugular paragangliomas.



This was a retrospective study with a literature review. The records of 184 patients with 185 tympanojugular paragangliomas were analyzed for tumor class, surgical procedure, preoperative vascular management, and perioperative sequelae.



Of class C1, C2, C3, and C4 tumors, we found 46 (24.9%), 95 (51.3%), 41 (22.2%), and 3 (1.6%), respectively. One hundred four (56.2%) tumors had intracranial extensions and 8 (4.3%) involved the vertebral artery. A single-stage procedure was adopted in 158 (85.4%) tumors. The infratemporal fossa type A approach was used in all cases. In 17 patients (9.7%), an intra-arterial stenting of the internal carotid artery was performed. Gross-total tumor removal was achieved in 166 cases (89.7%) and 4 (2.4%) among them developed a recurrence.



A thorough understanding of skull base techniques and a logical decision-making process in the management of tympanojugular paragangliomas can achieve a high rate of success in terms of recurrences and complications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 871-885, 2016.
Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Gruppo Otologico, Piacenza, Rome, Italy.
Sampath Chandra
0000-0002-7989-4304
SC
Prasad
Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Gruppo Otologico, Piacenza, Rome, Italy.
Hassen Ait
HA
Mimoune
Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Gruppo Otologico, Piacenza, Rome, Italy.|King Fahad Central Hospital, Jizan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Mohsen
M
Khardaly
Department of Radiology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Paolo
P
Piazza
Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Gruppo Otologico, Piacenza, Rome, Italy.
Alessandra
A
Russo
Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Gruppo Otologico, Piacenza, Rome, Italy.
Mario
M
Sanna
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003391:Cranial Nerves / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005925:Glomus Jugulare Tumor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019292:Skull Base Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000379:methods; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
facial nerve; infratemporal fossa approach; lower cranial nerves; radiotherapy (RT); tympanojugular paragangliomas; wait-and-scan