A comparison of take-off dynamics during three different spikes, block and counter-movement jump in female volleyball players.
BACKGROUND
The purpose of the study was to compare the take-off dynamics in counter-movement jump (CMJ), volleyball block and spikes.


METHODS
Twelve professional female players, representing the highest volleyball league in Poland, participated in the laboratory tests. A force platform was used to record ground reaction force (GRF) during take-off phase in CMJ test, block from a run-up and spikes: front row attack, slide attack, back row attack. Vertical (v) GRF (peak: Rmax and integral mean: <R>), impulse of vGRF (J) and mechanical power (peak: Pmax and integral mean: <P>) were analyzed.


RESULTS
Significant differences (P<0.05) of values of the dynamic parameters (Rmax, <R>, J, Pmax, and <P>) were found between CMJ, block from a run-up and three different technique spikes. The highest values were recorded during take-off in the back row attack: peak vGRF (2.93±0.05 BW), integral mean vGRF (1.90±0.08 BW), impulse of vGRF (354±40 Ns), peak power (5320±918 W) and integral mean power (3604±683 W). Peak power (2608±217 W) and integral mean power (1417±94 W) were determined in CMJ test to evaluate the force-velocity capabilities of the players.


CONCLUSIONS
In terms of GRF and the mechanical power, high level of dynamics in take-off influences positively the jumping height and significantly increases the effectiveness of attacks during spike of the ball over the block of the opponent.
Department of Biomechanics, University School of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland - biomechanika@awf.poznan.pl.
Jaroslae
J
Kabacinski
Department of Bionics, University of Arts, Poznan, Poland.|Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Lecholslaw B
LB
Dworak
Department of Biomechanics, University School of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland.
Michal
M
Murawa
Department of Kinesiology, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA, USA.
John
J
Ostarello
Department of Biomechanics, University School of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland.
Agata
A
Rzepnicka
Department of Biomechanics, University School of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland.
Jacek
J
Maczynski
D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D059385:Plyometric Exercise; D054798:Volleyball