The public health effects of water and sanitation in selected West African countries.
OBJECTIVE
This paper examines access to water and improved sanitation target under the Millennium Development Goal 7c (MDG 7c) for six West African countries: Chad, Niger, Nigeria, Mauritania, Sierra Leone and Togo. The article outlines some possible causes for the slow progress in achieving the MDG 7c, examines the public health effects of missing the targets, and charts paths for policy makers to consider in bringing these targets to acceptable levels.


METHODS
The study is based on secondary data analysis of trends in water and sanitation indicators for the six countries from 2000 to 2014. The data are drawn from the World Development Indicators (WDI) of the World Bank, and the World Health Organisation Joint Monitoring Programme (WHO JMP) and WaterAid Africa Wash Map. The performance of each country in the two indicators is presented and judged against the target set under MDG 7c. Forecasts based on the expiry of the MDG's in 2015 and the time required to achieve the targets are carried out.


RESULTS
The study showes that while some progress has been made in improved water, sanitation showed slow progress for all the countries between 2000 and 2014. The goal of attaining acceptable sanitation shows that the six West African countries have lagged behind the MDG 7c target and the progress is equally slow.


CONCLUSIONS
At the current rate of progress if strong public and private sector intervention mechanisms are not instituted across the board, the six West African countries under study would continue to lag behind the rest of the world in terms of access to improved water and sanitation. This has consequences for poverty alleviation and the risk of the re-emergence of neglected tropical diseases.
Wits Business School, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. Electronic address: paul.alagidede@wits.ac.za.
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Mamelodi Hospital, Tsamaya Avenue, Pretoria, South Africa. Electronic address: annmuanah@yahoo.com.
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Alagidede
D000354:Africa, Western; D006801:Humans; D009937:Organizational Objectives; D011634:Public Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012499:Sanitation / Q000592:standards*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000592:standards*; D014944:World Health Organization
Diseases; MDGs; Public health; Sanitation; Water