Distress Calls of a Fast-Flying Bat (Molossus molossus) Provoke Inspection Flights but Not Cooperative Mobbing.
Many birds and mammals produce distress calls when captured. Bats often approach speakers playing conspecific distress calls, which has led to the hypothesis that bat distress calls promote cooperative mobbing. An alternative explanation is that approaching bats are selfishly assessing predation risk. Previous playback studies on bat distress calls involved species with highly maneuverable flight, capable of making close passes and tight circles around speakers, which can look like mobbing. We broadcast distress calls recorded from the velvety free-tailed bat, Molossus molossus, a fast-flying aerial-hawker with relatively poor maneuverability. Based on their flight behavior, we predicted that, in response to distress call playbacks, M. molossus would make individual passing inspection flights but would not approach in groups or approach within a meter of the distress call source. By recording responses via ultrasonic recording and infrared video, we found that M. molossus, and to a lesser extent Saccopteryx bilineata, made more flight passes during distress call playbacks compared to noise. However, only the more maneuverable S. bilineata made close approaches to the speaker, and we found no evidence of mobbing in groups. Instead, our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that single bats approached distress calls simply to investigate the situation. These results suggest that approaches by bats to distress calls should not suffice as clear evidence for mobbing.
Biology Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America.
Gerald
G
Carter
Animal Physiology, Institute for Neurobiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
Diana
D
Schoeppler
Animal Physiology, Institute for Neurobiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
Marie
M
Manthey
Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama.
Mirjam
M
Knörnschild
Animal Physiology, Institute for Neurobiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
Annette
A
Denzinger
D000533:Altruism; D000818:Animals; D002685:Chiroptera / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D004455:Echolocation; D005106:Exploratory Behavior; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology; D005426:Flight, Animal; D006379:Helping Behavior; D008297:Male; D011235:Predatory Behavior; D012919:Social Behavior; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013045:Species Specificity; D014828:Vocalization, Animal