Effects of pressure applied during standardized spinal mobilizations on peripheral skin blood flow: A randomised cross-over study.
BACKGROUND
Peripheral skin blood flow (SBF) changes during and after spinal mobilization (SM), evaluated with laser Doppler flowmetry, may document physiological responses associated with SM.


OBJECTIVE
To document variations in SBF during and after application of an SM and evaluate influence of pressure on SBF by applying the same standardized SM with 3 different nonnoxious pressures.


METHODS
Cross-over design with 4 interventions on 4 different days: control (no touch) and 3 SMs applied rhythmically at 5%, 40%, or 80% of pain pressure threshold (sham SM, low-pressure SM, or high-pressure SM, respectively).


METHODS
Thirty-two individuals participated. The inspiratory gasp (IG) test was our positive control of vasoconstriction through excitation of the skin sympathetic nervous activity (SSNA). Each session comprised 5 phases: (1) baseline at the end of a 20-min acclimatization, (2) IG test, (3) post-IG phase, (4) SM phase or no manual contact for control, and (5) post-SM phase. A Biopac MP36 system collected SBF data, and a Novel Pliance-X system recorded pressure data.


RESULTS
Equal and significant bilateral vasodilation occurred during application of unilateral sham SM, low-pressure SM, and high-pressure SM. Post-SM significant vasodilation persisted after high-pressure SM.


CONCLUSIONS
The current study is the first to describe bilateral peripheral SBF changes occurring during and 5 min after application of standardized SMs. Our post-SM vasodilation suggests involvement of mechanisms other than the putative SSNA-excitatory mechanism proposed with skin conductance measurements. Persistence of post-SM vasodilation following only high-pressure SM suggests possible pressure-dependent mechanisms. However, further research is warranted to clarify our findings.
A.T. Still Research Institute, A.T. Still University, 800 West Jefferson Street, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA. Electronic address: rzegarraparodi@atsu.edu.
Rafael
R
Zegarra-Parodi
A.T. Still University, 5850 E. Still Circle, Mesa, AZ, 85206, USA. Electronic address: vpazdernik@atsu.edu.
Vanessa K
VK
Pazdernik
Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Inserm CIC1406, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France; UMR 1042 - HP2, Inserm and University of Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France. Electronic address: mroustit@chu-grenoble.fr.
Matthieu
M
Roustit
A.T. Still University-Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, 800 W. Jefferson St., Kirksville, MO, 63501, USA. Electronic address: ppark@atsu.edu.
Peter Yong Soo
PY
Park
A.T. Still Research Institute, A.T. Still University, 800 West Jefferson Street, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA. Electronic address: bdegenhardt@atsu.edu.
Brian F
BF
Degenhardt
D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020393:Manipulation, Spinal / Q000379:methods*; D011312:Pressure; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology*; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*; D013124:Spinal Injuries / Q000628:therapy*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
Dose-response effect; Peripheral skin blood flow; Randomized cross-over study; Spinal mobilization