title: Electrocorticographic language mapping with a listening task consisting of alternating speech and music phrases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Electrocorticographic (ECoG) mapping of high gamma activity induced by language tasks has been proposed as a more patient friendly alternative for electrocortical stimulation mapping (ESM), the gold standard in pre-surgical language mapping of epilepsy patients. However, ECoG mapping often reveals more language areas than considered critical with ESM. We investigated if critical language areas can be identified with a listening task consisting of speech and music phrases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine patients with implanted subdural grid electrodes listened to an audio fragment in which music and speech alternated. We analysed ECoG power in the 65-95 Hz band and obtained task-related activity patterns in electrodes over language areas. We compared the spatial distribution of sites that discriminated between listening to speech and music to ESM results using sensitivity and specificity calculations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our listening task of alternating speech and music phrases had a low sensitivity (0.32) but a high specificity (0.95).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high specificity indicates that this test does indeed point to areas that are critical to language processing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our test cannot replace ESM, but this short and simple task can give a reliable indication where to find critical language areas, better than ECoG mapping using language tasks alone.
authors.affiliation: Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada. Electronic address: A.H.Mooij-4@umcutrecht.nl.
authors.forename: Anne H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Mooij
authors.affiliation: Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: ghuiskam@umcutrecht.nl.
authors.forename: Geertjan J M
authors.initials: GJM
authors.lastname: Huiskamp
authors.affiliation: Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: p.gosselaar@umcutrecht.nl.
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Gosselaar
authors.affiliation: Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: c.h.ferrier@umcutrecht.nl.
authors.forename: Cyrille H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ferrier
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D000069280:Electrocorticography / Q000379:methods*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Electrocortical stimulation mapping; Electrocorticography; Epilepsy surgery; Language; Music