title: [Relationship between Expression of TGF-β1, Smad2, Smad4 and Prognosis  of Patients with Resected Non-small Cell Lung Cancer].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been proven that any changes of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-Smad signal transduction pathway will lead to abnormalities of signal transmission and the out of control during cell growth and differentiation, resulting in cancer development. The aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic values of TGF-β1, Smad2 and Smad4 in resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of TGF-β1, Smad2, and Smad4 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 85 patients with NSCLC. The relationships among the expression of these proteins, clinicopathological factors, and prognosis were also analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TGF-β1 positive expression was significantly correlated with the late stage and lymph node involvement. No significant association existed between the expression of Smad2 and the clinicopathological characteristics. The lack of Smad4 expression was associated with the advanced tumor stage (P=0.014). Multivariate analysis indicated that lymph node involvement (P=0.001) was an independent prognostic factor in the 85 NSCLC patients. The positive expression levels of TGF-β1 (P=0.032) and N stage (P=0.028) were demonstrated to be independent risk factors for survival among 47 lung adenocarcinoma patients. Adenocarcinoma patients with TGF-β1 positive expression demonstrated an unfavorable survival outcome (P=0.0376).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TGF-β1 may be an independent predictor of survival in resected lung adenocarcinoma patients. .
authors.affiliation: China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,  Guangzhou 510120, China.
authors.forename: Mian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,  Guangzhou 510120, China.
authors.forename: Chaosheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,  Guangzhou 510120, China.
authors.forename: Shenhai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051899:Smad2 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D051901:Smad4 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D015996:Survival Rate; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C497782:SMAD2 protein, human; D051899:Smad2 Protein; D051901:Smad4 Protein; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1