title: Cardiovascular Effects of Exposure to Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarettes: Clinical Perspectives From the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Section Leadership Council and Early Career Councils of the American College of Cardiology.
abstract: Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality as a result of inhaled tobacco products continues to be a global healthcare crisis, particularly in low- and middle-income nations lacking the infrastructure to develop and implement effective public health policies limiting tobacco use. Following initiation of public awareness campaigns 50 years ago in the United States, considerable success has been achieved in reducing the prevalence of cigarette smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke. However, there has been a slowing of cessation rates in the United States during recent years, possibly caused by high residual addiction or fatigue from cessation messaging. Furthermore, tobacco products have continued to evolve faster than the scientific understanding of their biological effects. This review considers selected updates on the genetics and epigenetics of smoking behavior and associated cardiovascular risk, mechanisms of atherogenesis and thrombosis, clinical effects of smoking and benefits of cessation, and potential impact of electronic cigarettes on cardiovascular health.
authors.affiliation: Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina. Electronic address: morrispa@musc.edu.
authors.forename: Pamela B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.affiliation: Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Ference
authors.affiliation: John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
authors.forename: Eiman
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jahangir
authors.affiliation: Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Dmitriy N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.affiliation: University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.affiliation: Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bahrami
authors.affiliation: Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Mikhael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: El-Chami
authors.affiliation: Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio.
authors.forename: Shyam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhakta
authors.affiliation: University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Winchester
authors.affiliation: Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; King Abdul-Aziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mouaz H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Al-Mallah
authors.affiliation: Baylor College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanchez Shields
authors.affiliation: UCSF Fresno, Fresno, California.
authors.forename: Prakash
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deedwania
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Laxmi S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Binh An P
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Phan
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Neal L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Benowitz
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D066300:Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems / Q000009:adverse effects*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006801:Humans; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D016540:Smoking Cessation
keywords: atherogenesis; genetic and epigenetic effects; smoke-free legislation; thrombosis; tobacco cessation