title: Facile fabrication of egg white macroporous sponges for tissue regeneration.
abstract: The availability of 3D sponges combining proper biochemical, biophysical, and biomechanical properties with enhanced capacity of in vivo engraftment and vascularization is crucial in regenerative medicine. A simple process is developed to generate macroporous scaffolds with a well-defined architecture of interconnected pores from chicken egg white (EW), a material with protein- and growth factor-binding features which has not yet been employed in regenerative medicine. The physicomechanical properties and degradation rates of the scaffold are finely tuned by using varying concentrations of the cross-linker, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, without alteration of the biochemical traits. In vitro, EW scaffolds supported active metabolism, proliferation, and migration of human dermal fibroblasts, thereby generating uniform cellular constructs. In vivo, subcutaneous implantation in mice reveals negligible immune reaction and efficient cell and tissue ingrowth. Angiogenesis into EW scaffolds is enhanced as compared to standard collagen type I sponges used as reference material, likely due to significantly higher adsorption of the proangiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor. In summary, a material is presented derived by facile processing of a highly abundant natural product. Due to the efficient subcutaneous engraftment capacity, the sponges can find utilization for soft tissue regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biomedicine and of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.|Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 19395-4644, Iran.|Nanobiomaterials Laboratory, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 15875/4413, Iran.
authors.forename: Sasan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jalili-Firoozinezhad
authors.affiliation: Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 19395-4644, Iran.
authors.forename: Sareh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajabi-Zeleti
authors.affiliation: Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 19395-4644, Iran.
authors.forename: Parvaneh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biomedicine and of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gaudiello
authors.affiliation: National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran.
authors.forename: Shahin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bonakdar
authors.affiliation: Nanobiomaterials Laboratory, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 15875/4413, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Solati-Hashjin
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biomedicine and of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marsano
authors.affiliation: Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 19395-4644, Iran.
authors.forename: Nasser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aghdami
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biomedicine and of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scherberich
authors.affiliation: Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 19395-4644, Iran.|Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baharvand
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biomedicine and of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D004529:Egg White / Q000737:chemistry*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D016062:Porosity; D012038:Regeneration; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
keywords: angiogenesis; crosslinking; egg white; macroporous sponge; soft tissues