title: Insights into the Social Structure of the PPNB Site of Kfar HaHoresh, Israel, Based on Dental Remains.
abstract: One of the central questions of the transition from mobile hunter-gatherers to sedentary farming communities concerns the establishment of new social structures and group identities. Along with other important factors, such as territory, ideology or economy, biological relationships might have played a decisive role in defining social groups. We therefore systematically analyzed teeth and jaw remains from nine sites in the Near East dating from the Natufian to the Late PPNB as primary proxy data for the reconstruction of familial relationships. This paper presents the results of morphological analyses on the teeth of the individuals from Kfar HaHoresh, one of the investigated Pre-Pottery Neolithic B sites. Kfar HaHoresh is located in the Nazareth hills of Galilee (32°42'20'' N 35°16'28'' E), Israel. Different statistical methods were applied to our data of epigenetic traits with the aim of determining biological relationships within the community, whereby the data of the eight other sites were used as cross-references. Our comparison of the traits of all individuals from Kfar HaHoresh indicates a rather heterogeneous community, but clearly shows one cluster belonging to a quite homogenous group, suggesting close biological relations between females and sub-adults. Interestingly, none of the male individuals belongs to this cluster, although their number outweighs that of the female individuals. This might suggest matrilocal residence patterns. However, due to the incomplete preservation of the teeth along with several other uncertainties, our conclusion must be seen as preliminary. A cross-examination of the results on skeletons excavated after our investigation should also be taken into consideration.
authors.affiliation: Center of Natural and Cultural History of Teeth, Danube Private University, Krems-Stein, Austria; Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science IPAS, Basel University, Basel, Switzerland; State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and Heritage Museum, Halle, Germany.
authors.forename: Kurt W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Alt
authors.affiliation: Department of Near Eastern Archaeology, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benz
authors.affiliation: Center of Medical Biometry and Medical Informatics, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vach
authors.affiliation: Institute for Advanced Studies, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Tal L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.affiliation: Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: A Nigel
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Goring-Morris
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000883:Anthropology; D001106:Archaeology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007557:Israel; D008297:Male; D014070:Tooth / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D055815:Young Adult