title: Variants of early-onset restrictive eating disturbances in middle childhood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to determine the factor structure of the newly developed self-report screening questionnaire Eating Disturbances in Youth-Questionnaire (EDY-Q) as well as to report the distribution of variants of early-onset restrictive eating disturbances characteristic of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) in a middle childhood population sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the EDY-Q, a total of 1,444 children aged 8-13 years were screened in elementary schools in Switzerland via self-report. The factor analysis of the 12 items covering ARFID related symptoms was performed using a principal component analysis (PCA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PCA showed a four factor solution, with clear allocation to the scales covering three variants of early-onset restrictive eating disturbances and weight problems. Inadequate overall food intake was reported by 19.3% of the children, a limited accepted amount of food by 26.1%, and food avoidance based on a specific underlying fear by 5.0%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The postulated factor structure of the EDY-Q was confirmed, further supporting the existence of distinct variants of early-onset restrictive eating disturbances. Avoidant/restrictive eating behavior seems to be a common experience in middle childhood, but results have to be confirmed using validated interviews.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Rue P.-a. De Faucigny 2, Fribourg, Switzerland.|Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Medical Center, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, Leipzig, Germany.|Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurz
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health and Behavior, Research Unit inside, University of Luxembourg, Campus Walferdange, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxemburg.
authors.forename: Zoé
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: van Dyck
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Rue P.-a. De Faucigny 2, Fribourg, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dremmel
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Rue P.-a. De Faucigny 2, Fribourg, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Munsch
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Medical Center, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, Leipzig, Germany.|Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hilbert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: early-onset restrictive eating disturbances; food avoidance emotional disorder; functional dysphagia; prevalence; selective eating