title: Consistent and reproducible staining of glia by a modified Golgi-Cox method.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Golgi-Cox staining is a powerful histochemical approach which has been used extensively to visualize the morphology of neurons and glia. However, its usage as a first-choice method is hindered by its uncertain nature, diminished consistency and lengthy staining duration. The FD Rapid GolgiStain™ Kit (FD Neurotechnologies, Inc., USA) has been developed by employing the Golgi-Cox approach. It is a simple, reliable and reproducible way of performing Golgi impregnation for the analysis of neuronal morphology.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report here simple modifications to the manufacturer's protocol which enable reproducible and reliable staining of glial cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure of brain tissue to 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) during perfusion followed by postfixation with 8% glutaraldehyde in 4% PFA led to only glial cells being stained, whereas in the absence of postfixation both neurons and glia were stained with unclear morphology. Additionally, we found that impregnation at 26°C±1 was critical to attain uniform staining.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our modified Golgi-Cox approach is consistent and reproducible and affords uniform glial staining throughout the brain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As this protocol stains only a small percentage of cells, it is suitable for the analysis of individual cells.
authors.affiliation: Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gull
authors.affiliation: Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ingrisch
authors.affiliation: Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tausch
authors.affiliation: Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: O W
authors.initials: OW
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.affiliation: Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany. Electronic address: Silvio.Schmidt@med.uni-jena.de.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology; D008297:Male; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000166:cytology*; D010784:Photomicrography; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016622:Silver Staining / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature; D013995:Time; D016707:Tissue Fixation / Q000379:methods
keywords: Fixation; Glia; Golgi–Cox; Impregnation; Neuron; Reproducibility