title: Toxicology of 3-epi-deoxynivalenol, a deoxynivalenol-transformation product by Devosia mutans 17-2-E-8.
abstract: Microbial detoxification of deoxynivalenol (DON) represents a new approach to treating DON-contaminated grains. A bacterium Devosia mutans 17-2-E-8 was capable of completely transforming DON into a major product 3-epi-DON and a minor product 3-keto-DON. Evaluation of toxicities of these DON-transformation products is an important part of hazard characterization prior to commercialization of the biotransformation application. Cytotoxicities of the products were demonstrated by two assays: a MTT bioassay assessing cell viability and a BrdU assay assessing DNA synthesis. Compared with DON, the IC50 values of 3-epi-DON and 3-keto-DON were respectively 357 and 3.03 times higher in the MTT bioassay, and were respectively 1181 and 4.54 times higher in the BrdU bioassay. Toxicological effects of 14-day oral exposure of the B6C3F1 mouse to DON and 3-epi-DON were also investigated. Overall, there were no differences between the control (free of toxin) and the 25 mg/kg bw/day or 100 mg/kg bw/day 3-epi-DON treatments in body and organ weights, hematology and organ histopathology. However, in mice exposed to DON (2 mg/kg bw/day), white blood cell numbers and serum immunoglobulin levels were altered relative to controls, and lesions were observed in adrenals, thymus, stomach, spleen and colon. Taken together, in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that 3-epi-DON is substantially less toxic than DON.
authors.affiliation: Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Jian Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: genevieve.bondy@hc-sc.gc.ca.
authors.forename: Genevieve S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Bondy
authors.affiliation: Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: Ting.Zhou@agr.gc.ca.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Caldwell
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Greg J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Boland
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Scott
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D041921:Hyphomicrobiaceae / Q000378:metabolism*; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D059551:Toxicity Tests, Subacute; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: C000609395:3-keto-deoxynivalenol; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; D014255:Trichothecenes; D004247:DNA; C007262:deoxynivalenol
keywords: 3-epi-DON; 3T3 fibroblasts cell line; B6C3F(1) mouse; BrdU bioassay; Caco-2 cell line; Cytotoxicity; DON; Deoxynivalenol; MTT bioassay; Vomitoxin