title: Use of Dried Capillary Blood Sampling for Islet Autoantibody Screening in Relatives: A Feasibility Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Islet autoantibody testing provides the basis for assessment of risk of progression to type 1 diabetes. We set out to determine the feasibility and acceptability of dried capillary blood spot-based screening to identify islet autoantibody-positive relatives potentially eligible for inclusion in prevention trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dried blood spot (DBS) and venous samples were collected from 229 relatives participating in the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study. Both samples were tested for glutamic acid decarboxylase, islet antigen 2, and zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies, and venous samples were additionally tested for insulin autoantibodies and islet cell antibodies. We defined multiple autoantibody positive as two or more autoantibodies in venous serum and DBS screen positive if one or more autoantibodies were detected. Participant questionnaires compared the sample collection methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 44 relatives who were multiple autoantibody positive in venous samples, 42 (95.5%) were DBS screen positive, and DBS accurately detected 145 of 147 autoantibody-negative relatives (98.6%). Capillary blood sampling was perceived as more painful than venous blood draw, but 60% of participants would prefer initial screening using home fingerstick with clinic visits only required if autoantibodies were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Capillary blood sampling could facilitate screening for type 1 diabetes prevention studies.
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol , Bristol, United Kingdom .
authors.forename: Polly J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bingley
authors.affiliation: 2 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami , Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Lisa E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Rafkin
authors.affiliation: 2 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami , Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Della
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Matheson
authors.affiliation: 3 Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Andrea K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Steck
authors.affiliation: 3 Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: 4 Division of Informatics and Biostatistics, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida.
authors.forename: Courtney
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.affiliation: 5 Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Michigan Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine , Kalamazoo, Michigan.
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Beam
authors.affiliation: 4 Division of Informatics and Biostatistics, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Boulware
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D059788:Dried Blood Spot Testing; D005060:Europe; D005192:Family Health; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D007330:Insulin Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D009656:North America; D057240:Patient Preference; D054635:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult; D000075703:Zinc Transporter 8
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D007330:Insulin Antibodies; C492522:SLC30A8 protein, human; D000075703:Zinc Transporter 8; C024211:islet cell antibody; C516862:PTPRN protein, human; D054635:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase