title: The Biosynthetic Pathways of Tanshinones and Phenolic Acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza.
abstract: Secondary metabolites from plants play key roles in human medicine and chemical industries. Due to limited accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants and their important roles, characterization of key enzymes involved in biosynthetic pathway will enable metabolic engineering or synthetic biology to improve or produce the compounds in plants or microorganisms, which provides an alternative for production of these valuable compounds. Salvia miltiorrhiza, containing tanshinones and phenolic acids as its active compounds, has been widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The biosynthetic analysis of secondary metabolites in S. miltiorrhiza has made great progress due to the successful genetic transformation system, simplified hairy roots system, and high-throughput sequencing. The cloned genes in S. miltiorrhiza had provided references for functional characterization of the post-modification steps involved in biosynthesis of tanshinones and phenolic acids, and further utilization of these steps in metabolic engineering. The strategies used in these studies could provide solid foundation for elucidation of biosynthetic pathways of diterpenoids and phenolic acids in other species. The present review systematically summarizes recent advances in biosynthetic pathway analysis of tanshinones and phenolic acids as well as synthetic biology and metabolic engineering applications of the rate-limiting genes involved in the secondary metabolism in S. miltiorrhiza.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China. maxiaojing.ok@163.com.|State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China. maxiaojing.ok@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China. xiaoma1110@126.com.|Beijing Key Laboratory of Protection and Application of Chinese Medicinal Resources, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China. xiaoma1110@126.com.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China. jinfutang@126.com.
authors.forename: Jin-Fu
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China. yalichn@126.com.
authors.forename: Ya-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China. lyc8564732@163.com.|Pharmaceutical College, Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550002, China. lyc8564732@163.com.
authors.forename: Yu-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China. maxiaojing.ok@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Jing
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China. shenye70@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China. guanghongcui@163.com.
authors.forename: Guang-Hong
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China. lhxbio@126.com.
authors.forename: Hui-Xin
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China. rqx1982@126.com.
authors.forename: Qi-Xian
authors.initials: QX
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China. guojuanzy@163.com.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China. huangluqi01@126.com.
authors.forename: Lu-Qi
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D045784:Abietanes / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000378:metabolism*; D027561:Salvia miltiorrhiza / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; C021751:tanshinone; C017616:phenolic acid
keywords: Salvia miltiorrhiza; biosynthetic pathway; metabolic engineering; phenolic acids; tanshinones