title: Upper extremity muscle tone and response of tidal volume during manually assisted breathing for patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation.
abstract: [Purpose] The aim of the present study was to examine, in patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation, if the response of tidal volume during manually assisted breathing is dependent upon both upper extremity muscle tone and the pressure intensity of manually assisted breathing. [Subjects] We recruited 13 patients on prolonged mechanical ventilation, and assessed their upper extremity muscle tone using the modified Ashworth scale (MAS). The subjects were assigned to either the low MAS group (MAS≤2, n=7) or the high MAS group (MAS≥3, n=6). [Methods] The manually assisted breathing technique was applied at a pressure of 2 kgf and 4 kgf. A split-plot ANOVA was performed to compare the tidal volume of each pressure during manually assisted breathing between the low and the high MAS groups. [Results] Statistical analysis showed there were main effects of the upper extremity muscle tone and the pressure intensity of the manually assisted breathing technique. There was no interaction between these factors. [Conclusion] Our findings reveal that the tidal volume during the manually assisted breathing technique for patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation depends upon the patient's upper extremity muscle tone and the pressure intensity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Hokkaido Chitose Institute of Rehabilitation Technology, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morino
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Hokkaido Chitose Institute of Rehabilitation Technology, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shida
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Hokkaido Chitose Institute of Rehabilitation Technology, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Hokkaido Chitose Institute of Rehabilitation Technology, Japan.
authors.forename: Kimihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Hokkaido Chitose Institute of Rehabilitation Technology, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seko
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Hokkaido Chitose Institute of Rehabilitation Technology, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Hokkaido Chitose Institute of Rehabilitation Technology, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Therapy, Koriyama Institute of Health Sciences, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yokoi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takahashi
keywords: Manually assisted breathing; Muscle tone; Prolonged mechanical ventilation