title: Ecology and application of haloalkaliphilic anaerobic microbial communities.
abstract: Haloalkaliphilic microorganisms that grow optimally at high-pH and high-salinity conditions can be found in natural environments such as soda lakes. These globally spread lakes harbour interesting anaerobic microorganisms that have the potential of being applied in existing technologies or create new opportunities. In this review, we discuss the potential application of haloalkaliphilic anaerobic microbial communities in the fermentation of lignocellulosic feedstocks material subjected to an alkaline pre-treatment, methane production and sulfur removal technology. Also, the general advantages of operation at haloalkaline conditions, such as low volatile fatty acid and sulfide toxicity, are addressed. Finally, an outlook into the main challenges like ammonia toxicity and lack of aggregation is provided.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands. joao.sousa@wetsus.nl.|Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands. joao.sousa@wetsus.nl.
authors.forename: João A B
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. d.sorokin@tudelft.nl.|Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2628 BC, Delft, the Netherlands. d.sorokin@tudelft.nl.
authors.forename: Dimitry Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Sorokin
authors.affiliation: Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands. martijn.bijmans@wetsus.nl.
authors.forename: Martijn F M
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Bijmans
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands. caroline.plugge@wur.nl.|Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands. caroline.plugge@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Caroline M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Plugge
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands. fons.stams@wur.nl.|Department of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. fons.stams@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Alfons J M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Stams
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000633:toxicity; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001105:Archaea / Q000378:metabolism; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D060106:Lakes / Q000382:microbiology*; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism; D008697:Methane / Q000378:metabolism; D019638:Methanomicrobiaceae / Q000378:metabolism*; D059013:Microbial Consortia / Q000502:physiology*; D054712:Salinity; D013455:Sulfur / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: C036909:lignocellulose; D013455:Sulfur; D000641:Ammonia; D008031:Lignin; D008697:Methane
keywords: Anaerobic; Fermentation; Haloalkaline; Haloalkaliphilic; Lignocellulosic feedstocks; Methane; Sulfidogenesis; Toxicity