title: Complete genome and gene expression analyses of Asaia bogorensis reveal unique responses to culture with mammalian cells as a potential opportunistic human pathogen.
abstract: Asaia bogorensis, a member of acetic acid bacteria (AAB), is an aerobic bacterium isolated from flowers and fruits, as well as an opportunistic pathogen that causes human peritonitis and bacteraemia. Here, we determined the complete genomic sequence of the As. bogorensis type strain NBRC 16594, and conducted comparative analyses of gene expression under different conditions of co-culture with mammalian cells and standard AAB culture. The genome of As. bogorensis contained 2,758 protein-coding genes within a circular chromosome of 3,198,265 bp. There were two complete operons encoding cytochrome bo3-type ubiquinol terminal oxidases: cyoABCD-1 and cyoABCD-2. The cyoABCD-1 operon was phylogenetically common to AAB genomes, whereas the cyoABCD-2 operon belonged to a lineage distinctive from the cyoABCD-1 operon. Interestingly, cyoABCD-1 was less expressed under co-culture conditions than under the AAB culture conditions, whereas the converse was true for cyoABCD-2. Asaia bogorensis shared pathogenesis-related genes with another pathogenic AAB, Granulibacter bethesdensis, including a gene coding pathogen-specific large bacterial adhesin and additional genes for the inhibition of oxidation and antibiotic resistance. Expression alteration of the respiratory chain and unique hypothetical genes may be key traits that enable the bacterium to survive under the co-culture conditions.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Wakayama, Japan Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program (ALCA), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mikihiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Wakayama, Japan Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program (ALCA), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Norie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Higashiura
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kimie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayasaki
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Naruhei
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Wakayama, Japan Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program (ALCA), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takami
authors.affiliation: Kazusa DNA Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirakawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunobu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Wakayama, Japan azuma@waka.kindai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshinao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Azuma
mesh_terms: D016947:Acetobacteraceae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009876:Operon; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C432586:ubiquinol oxidase
keywords: acetic acid bacteria; genomics; opportunistic pathogen; transcriptome; ubiquinol terminal oxidase