title: Effects of Low Molecular Weight Yeast β-Glucan on Antioxidant and Immunological Activities in Mice.
abstract: To evaluate the antioxidant and immune effects of low molecular yeast β-glucan on mice, three sulfated glucans from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (sGSCs) with different molecular weight (MW) and degrees of sulfation (DS) were prepared. The structures of the sGSCs were analyzed through high performance liquid chromatography-gel permeation chromatography (HPLC-GPC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). sGSC1, sGSC2, and sGSC3 had MW of 12.9, 16.5 and 19.2 kDa, respectively, and DS of 0.16, 0.24 and 0.27, respectively. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the antioxidant and immunological activities of the sGSCs. In vitro experiment, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities were determined. In vivo experiment, 50 male BALB/c mice were divided into five groups. The sGSC1, sGSC2 and sGSC3 treatment groups received the corresponding sGSCs at 50 mg/kg/day each. The GSC (glucans from Saccharomyces cerevisiae) treatment group received 50 mg/kg/day GSC. The normal control group received equal volume of physiological saline solution. All treatments were administered intragastrically for 14 day. Results showed that sGSC1, sGSC2 and sGSC3 can scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals in vitro. The strength of the radical scavenging effects of the sGSCs was in the order of sGSC1 > sGSC2 > sGSC3. Oral administration of sGSC1 significantly improved serum catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in mice. sGSC1 significantly improved the spleen and thymus indexes and the lymphocyte proliferation, effectively enhanced the percentage of CD4⁺ T cells, decreased the percentage of CD8⁺ T cells, and elevated the CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio. sGSC1 significantly promoted the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ. These results indicate that sGSC1 with low MW and DS has better antioxidant and immunological activities than the other sGSCs, and sGSC1 could be used as a new antioxidant and immune-enhancing agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China. aoleina@126.com.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China. wangmi@shvri.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Mi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China. twinzhang@shvri.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Lifang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China. xiaosui@shvri.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Sui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China. aries@shvri.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Chengzhong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fei
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China. wxy@shvri.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaoyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China. zcole@shvri.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Keyu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China. wenli@shvri.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Wenli
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China. wangchunmei@shvri.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Chunmei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China. yangruile@shvri.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Ruile
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China. feiqun@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Feiqun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008970:Molecular Weight; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007376:Interleukin-2; D047071:beta-Glucans; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; antioxidant activity; immune activity; sulfated glucan