title: Treatment of the genitourinary syndrome of menopause.
abstract: The vagina, vulva, vestibule, labia majora/minora, and bladder trigone have a high concentration of estrogen receptors; therefore, they are a sensitive biological indicator of serum levels of these hormones in women. The estrogen loss in postmenopausal women produces a dysfunction called genitourinary syndrome of menopause. The principal therapeutic goal in the genitourinary syndrome of menopause is to relieve symptoms. Treatment options, as well as local and systemic hormonal treatment are changes in lifestyle and non-hormonal treatments mainly based on the use of moisturizers and lubricants. New treatments that have recently appeared are ospemifeme, the first selective hormone receptor modulator for dyspareunia and vulvovaginal atrophy treatment, and the use of vaginal laser. This review has been written with the intention of giving recommendations on the prevention and treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause.
authors.affiliation: a Palacios Institute of Women´s Health , Madrid , Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Palacios
authors.affiliation: a Palacios Institute of Women´s Health , Madrid , Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mejía
authors.affiliation: b * Hospital Universitario de Cruces , Bilbao , Spain.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Neyro
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001284:Atrophy; D004414:Dyspareunia / Q000188:drug therapy; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004967:Estrogens / Q000172:deficiency; D005260:Female; D052776:Female Urogenital Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008019:Life Style; D054327:Lubricants; D008593:Menopause; D017698:Postmenopause; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013577:Syndrome; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014621:Vagina / Q000473:pathology; D014844:Vulva / Q000473:pathology; D016387:Women's Health
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D004967:Estrogens; D054327:Lubricants; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D013629:Tamoxifen; C119141:Ospemifene
keywords: GENITOURINARY SYNDROME OF MENOPAUSE; MOISTURIZERS; OSPEMIFENE; SYSTEMIC AND LOCAL ESTROGEN; TSEC; VAGINAL LASER