title: Gallstone disease founded by ultrasonography in functional dyspepsia: prevalence and associated factors.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of gallbladder stone in functional dyspepsia (FD) by abdominal ultrasonography and to determine the factors associated with this frequency in Guilan province. A total of 195 subjects who referred to outpatient clinic of Razi Hospital, a tertiary referral center (Guilan, Iran) to evaluate FD were included in this study. They were interviewed by using a questionnaire and underwent ultrasonography. Among the 195 subjects were 18.5% male and 81.5% female. The overall frequency of Gallstones (GS) was 19% (37/195) with 17% males and 83% female. In patients with dyspepsia, the presence of fatty liver evidenced by ultrasonography was 67% (131/195). From 131 patients with fatty liver disease 24 (18.3%) have been reported GS. The most frequent symptom in all participants as well as patients with GS and patients with fatty liver was abdominal pain (69.7%, 81% and 66%, respectively) followed by excess flatus. Risk factor associated with increased odds ratios (ORs) for the development of gall stones was diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.63). It also showed that gallbladder wall thickening was more common in patients with GS (OR = 36.63). GS disease was not significantly related to the age, gender, fatty liver, renal stone, history of hypertension (HTN) and hyperlipidemia (HLP), alcohol consumption and smoking status. Patients with FD especially if they have diabetes should be referred for upper abdominal ultrasonography for screening and early detection of GS disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht, Iran.
authors.forename: Yaser
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Froutan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alizadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GLDRC), Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht, Iran.
authors.forename: Fariborz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mansour-Ghanaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GLDRC), Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht, Iran.
authors.forename: Farahnaz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Joukar
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Froutan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht, Iran.
authors.forename: Faeze Berenji
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Bagheri
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GLDRC), Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Naghipour
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Shahid Beheshti Hospital Qum, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Chavoshi
keywords: Functional dyspepsia; fatty liver; gallstone; ultrasonography