title: A new surgical method for penile girth enhancement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We developed a new surgical model of penile girth enhancement in dog, with minimal damage, fewer complications, and high success rate, to enable the experimental investigation of penile implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  We obtained materials for penile girth enhancement by processing the pericardium and blood vessel wall collected from pigs. Incisions were made at the penile bulb for the implantation of the materials, and facilitate observation and data collection, based on the anatomical features of dog's penis. We measured the girth of the flaccid penis before and after the operation, and erectile function at 1-month postoperation. In addition to evaluation of recovery from the incision and local pathological changes, ultrasonic examination was performed to monitor the long-term changes associated with implantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean girth of the flaccid penis significantly increased from 7.37±0.40 cm before the operation, to 8.70±0.56 cm postoperation. Dogs resumed normal mating at 1 month after the operation, without any significant change in the mating time. Ultrasonic examination clearly illustrated the implants, and helped in the measurement of the distance between the materials and the baculum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chinese Rural dog is a promising animal model for penile girth enhancement surgery. The findings demonstrated that surgical implantation into penile bulb was associated with less damage, faster postoperative recovery, and higher success. For the first time, ultrasonic examination provided objective data on the surgical outcomes of penile girth enhancement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoge
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Haishan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Shirong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
keywords: Penis; biomaterial; model; penile girth enhancement; ultrasound