title: Association between pro-(IL-8) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine variants and their serum levels and H. pylori-related gastric carcinogenesis in northern India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interleukin (IL)-8 -251 T/A and IL-10 (-1082 G/A and -819/592 C/T) polymorphisms and their expression may influence gastritis, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia (IM) and gastric cancer (GC) following H. pylori infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genotyping of these genes was performed (ASO-PCR) in 200, 182 and 250 with GC, functional dyspepsia (FD) and healthy controls (HC), respectively. Anti-H. pylori IgG-antibody was tested in all and serums IL-8 and IL-10 were measured randomly in 60 subjects of each group by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pro-(IL-8)-251 AA and anti-inflammatory (IL-10)-819 TT genotypes were commoner among GC than HC (p = 0.023, OR 1.86 [1.09-3.2] and p = 0.020, OR 2.0 [1.11-3.5]) but comparable with FD. IL-8 AA and IL-10-819 T allele carriage was also commoner in H. pylori-infected GC than HC (p = 0.011, OR 2.47 [1.23-5.0], and p = 0.018, OR 2.3 (1.16-4.59). IL-10-1082 G/A genotype and haplotypes (ACC, GCC, ATA and GTA) were comparable in all groups. Circulating levels of IL-8 and IL-10 were higher among GC than HC but comparable to FD (IL-8; 57.64 [6.44-319.46] vs. 54.35 [4.24-318.96] and 26.33 [4.67-304.54] pg/ml, p < 0.001 and IL-10; 15.47 [1.01-270.87] vs. 12.28 [0.96-64.88] and 3.79 [1.24-56.65], p < 0.001 for GC vs. HC). IL-8/IL-10 ratio was lower among GC than HC but higher than FD (3.7 [0.18-38.41] vs. 6.59 [0.98-130.2], p < 0.001 and 4.22 [0.15-61.4], p < 0.01). Circulating levels of IL-8, IL-10 and IL-8/lL-10 ratios were different among H. pylori-infected and non-infected GC than HC (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pro-(IL-8)-251 T/A and anti-inflammatory (IL-10)-819 C/T gene polymorphisms and their circulating levels may play a role in H. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis in northern India.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India.
authors.forename: Sushil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India.
authors.forename: Niraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumari
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India.
authors.forename: Rama Devi
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India.
authors.forename: Samir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohindra
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India.
authors.forename: Uday C
authors.initials: UC
authors.lastname: Ghoshal
keywords: ARMS-PCR, Amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction; EDTA, Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid; EIU, Enzyme immune unit; ELISA, Enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay; FD, Functional dyspepsia; Functional dyspepsia; GC, Gastric cancer; Gastric cancer; Genetic polymorphism; H. pylori, Helicobacter pylori; HC, Healthy control; Helicobacter pylori; IL, Interleukin; IM, Intestinal metaplasia; Interleukin