title: Pyruvate Kinase Muscle Isoenzyme 2 (PKM2) Expression Is Associated with Overall Survival in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pyruvate kinase muscle isoenzyme 2 (PKM2) is a key enzyme in aerobic glycolysis and is thought to contribute to cancer cell metabolic reprogramming. The aim of this study was to evaluate PKM2 immunohistochemical expression as a potential prognostic biomarker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A tissue microarray was constructed using surgical specimens for 115 patients who underwent resections for PDAC, stained with PKM2 antibody, and scored for expression level. Statistical analyses were performed to investigate the association between PKM2 and patient survival, tumor stage, tumor grade, surgical margin status, lymph node ratio, perineural invasion status, or the use of adjuvant chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-three percent of tumors had positive PKM2 expression, and 47 % of tumors had negative PKM2 expression. PKM2 expression was associated with overall survival (HR 0.56, p = 0.007) and CA 19-9 levels (p = 0.035), but was not associated with tumor stage, tumor grade, surgical margin status, lymph node ratio, perineural invasion, or adjuvant chemotherapy use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PKM2 expression is associated with overall survival in PDAC. Further studies are warranted to validate the value of PKM2 as a prognostic biomarker and to examine the potential utility of PKM2 in predicting treatment response, as well as a potential therapeutic target in PDAC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Natalie A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Lockney
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Manchao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Amherst College, Amherst, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Yanzhen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Sabrina C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Sopha
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: M Kay
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Washington
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Nipun
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Merchant
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Zhiguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shyr
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: A Bapsi
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Chakravarthy
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 300 W 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. fen.xia@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Fen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000201:enzymology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D000097810:Thyroid Hormone-Binding Proteins
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D000097810:Thyroid Hormone-Binding Proteins
keywords: Immunohistochemical expression; Pancreatic adenocarcinoma; Prognostic biomarker; Pyruvate muscle kinase isoenzyme 2