title: The Cold-Inducible RNA-Binding Protein (CIRP) Level in Peripheral Blood Predicts Sepsis Outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sepsis is a lethal and complex clinical syndrome caused by infection or suspected infection. Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) is a widely distributed cold-shock protein that plays a proinflammatory role in sepsis and that may induce organ damage. However, clinical studies regarding the use of CIRP for the prognostic evaluation of sepsis are lacking. The purpose of this research was to investigate the prognostic significance of peripheral blood concentrations of CIRP in sepsis. Sepsis was assessed using several common measures, including the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score; the Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score; the lactate, serum creatinine, and procalcitonin (PCT) levels; the white blood cell (WBC) count; and the neutrophil ratio (N%).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-nine adult patients with sepsis were enrolled in this study. According to the mortality data from the hospital, 38 patients were survivors, and 31 were nonsurvivors. The plasma levels of the biomarkers were measured and the APACHE II and SOFA scores were calculated within 24 hours of patient enrollment into our study. The CIRP level was measured via ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The plasma level of CIRP was significantly higher in the nonsurvivors than in the survivors (median (IQR) 4.99 (2.37-30.17) ng/mL and 1.68 (1.41-13.90) ng/mL, respectively; p = 0.013). The correlations of the CIRP level with the APACHE II score (r = 0.248, p = 0.040, n = 69), the SOFA score (r = 0.323, p = 0.007, n = 69), the serum creatinine level (r = 0.316, p = 0.008, n = 69), and the PCT level (r = 0.282, p = 0.019, n = 69) were significant. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the CIRP level was 0.674 (p = 0.013). According to Cox proportional hazards models, the CIRP level independently predicts sepsis mortality. When the CIRP level in the peripheral blood increased by 10 ng/mL, the mortality risk increased by 1.05-fold (p = 0.012). Thus, the CIRP level reflects the degree of renal injury but does not predict the severity of sepsis or organ damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An elevated plasma concentration of CIRP was significantly associated with poor prognosis among patients with sepsis. Therefore, CIRP is a potential predictor of sepsis prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Haiyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Yanjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Jianlei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Jinxiu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000097:blood; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C000606589:CALCA protein, human; C491390:CIRBP protein, human; D011498:Protein Precursors; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D019344:Lactic Acid; D002116:Calcitonin; D003404:Creatinine; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide