title: A 20-week program of resistance or concurrent exercise improves symptoms of schizophrenia: results of a blind, randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of 20 weeks of resistance and concurrent training on psychotic and depressive symptoms, quality of life outcomes, and serum IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations in patients with schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this blind, randomized controlled clinical trial, 34 patients with schizophrenia were assigned to one of three groups: control (CTRL, n=13), resistance exercise (RESEX, n=12), or concurrent exercise (CONCEX, n=9). Symptoms, quality of life, strength, and other variables were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant time-by-group interaction was found for the RESEX and CONCEX groups on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score for disease symptoms (p = 0.007), positive symptoms (p = 0.003), and on the arm extension one-repetition maximum (1RM) test (p = 0.016). In addition, significant improvements on negative symptoms (p = 0.027), on the role-physical domain of the Short Form-36 Health Survey (p = 0.019), and on the chest press 1RM test (p = 0.040) were observed in the RESEX group. No changes were observed for the other variables investigated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this sample of patients with schizophrenia, 20 weeks of resistance or concurrent exercise program improved disease symptoms, strength, and quality of life. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01674543.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruna Andrade E
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Cassilhas
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cecília
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Attux
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Quirino
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cordeiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: André L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Gadelha
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Telles
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bressan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francine N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Rodstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudiane S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Daltio
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychobiology, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sérgio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tufik
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: de Mello
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000097:blood; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D011788:Quality of Life; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I