title: Psychiatric Disorders in Young Adults Diagnosed with Juvenile Fibromyalgia in Adolescence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adolescents with juvenile-onset fibromyalgia (JFM) have increased rates of psychiatric disorders, but to our knowledge no studies have examined psychiatric disorders in adolescents with JFM when they enter young adulthood. This study examined the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in young adults diagnosed with JFM during adolescence and the relationship between mental health diagnoses and physical functioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-one young adults (mean age 21.60, SD 1.96) with a history of JFM being followed as part of a prospective longitudinal study and 30 matched healthy controls (mean age 21.57, SD 1.55) completed a structured interview of psychiatric diagnoses and a self-report measure of physical impairment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Young adults with a history of JFM were more likely to have current and lifetime histories of anxiety disorders (70.3% and 76.9%, respectively) compared with controls (33.3% for both, both p < 0.001). Individuals with JFM were also more likely to have current and lifetime histories of major mood disorders (29.7% and 76.9%, respectively) compared with controls (10% and 40%, p < 0.05). The presence of a current major mood disorder was significantly related to impairment in physical functioning [F (1, 89) = 8.30, p < 0.01] and role limitations attributable to a physical condition [F (1, 89) = 7.09, p < 0.01].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychiatric disorders are prevalent in young adulthood for individuals with a history of JFM, and a current major mood disorder is associated with greater physical impairment. Greater attention to early identification and treatment of mood disorders in patients with JFM is warranted.
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, and Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.N.R. Cunningham, PhD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; S.T. Tran, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and DePaul University; A.M. Lynch- Jordan, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; T.V. Ting, MD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, and Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; S. Sil, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; D. Strotman, BA, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; J.G. Noll, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; S.W. Powers, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; L.M. Arnold, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; S. Kashikar-Zuck, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Chil
authors.forename: Natoshia Raishevich
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, and Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.N.R. Cunningham, PhD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; S.T. Tran, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and DePaul University; A.M. Lynch- Jordan, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; T.V. Ting, MD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, and Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; S. Sil, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; D. Strotman, BA, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; J.G. Noll, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; S.W. Powers, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; L.M. Arnold, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; S. Kashikar-Zuck, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Chil
authors.forename: Susan T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, and Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.N.R. Cunningham, PhD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; S.T. Tran, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and DePaul University; A.M. Lynch- Jordan, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; T.V. Ting, MD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, and Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; S. Sil, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; D. Strotman, BA, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; J.G. Noll, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; S.W. Powers, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; L.M. Arnold, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; S. Kashikar-Zuck, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Chil
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lynch-Jordan
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, and Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.N.R. Cunningham, PhD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; S.T. Tran, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and DePaul University; A.M. Lynch- Jordan, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; T.V. Ting, MD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, and Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; S. Sil, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; D. Strotman, BA, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; J.G. Noll, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; S.W. Powers, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; L.M. Arnold, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; S. Kashikar-Zuck, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Chil
authors.forename: Tracy V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Ting
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, and Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.N.R. Cunningham, PhD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; S.T. Tran, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and DePaul University; A.M. Lynch- Jordan, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; T.V. Ting, MD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, and Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; S. Sil, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; D. Strotman, BA, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; J.G. Noll, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; S.W. Powers, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; L.M. Arnold, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; S. Kashikar-Zuck, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Chil
authors.forename: Soumitri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sil
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, and Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.N.R. Cunningham, PhD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; S.T. Tran, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and DePaul University; A.M. Lynch- Jordan, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; T.V. Ting, MD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, and Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; S. Sil, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; D. Strotman, BA, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; J.G. Noll, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; S.W. Powers, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; L.M. Arnold, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; S. Kashikar-Zuck, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Chil
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Strotman
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, and Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.N.R. Cunningham, PhD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; S.T. Tran, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and DePaul University; A.M. Lynch- Jordan, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; T.V. Ting, MD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, and Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; S. Sil, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; D. Strotman, BA, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; J.G. Noll, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; S.W. Powers, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; L.M. Arnold, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; S. Kashikar-Zuck, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Chil
authors.forename: Jennie G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Noll
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, and Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.N.R. Cunningham, PhD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; S.T. Tran, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and DePaul University; A.M. Lynch- Jordan, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; T.V. Ting, MD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, and Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; S. Sil, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; D. Strotman, BA, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; J.G. Noll, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; S.W. Powers, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; L.M. Arnold, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; S. Kashikar-Zuck, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Chil
authors.forename: Scott W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, and Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.N.R. Cunningham, PhD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; S.T. Tran, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and DePaul University; A.M. Lynch- Jordan, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; T.V. Ting, MD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, and Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; S. Sil, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; D. Strotman, BA, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; J.G. Noll, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; S.W. Powers, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; L.M. Arnold, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; S. Kashikar-Zuck, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Chil
authors.forename: Lesley M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, and Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.N.R. Cunningham, PhD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; S.T. Tran, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and DePaul University; A.M. Lynch- Jordan, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; T.V. Ting, MD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, and Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; S. Sil, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; D. Strotman, BA, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; J.G. Noll, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; S.W. Powers, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; L.M. Arnold, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; S. Kashikar-Zuck, PhD, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Chil
authors.forename: Susmita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kashikar-Zuck
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D017668:Age of Onset; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010147:Pain Measurement; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: AFFECTIVE DISORDERS; ANXIETY DISORDERS; FIBROMYALGIA; JUVENILE FIBROMYALGIA