title: Expanding the Reach of Participatory Risk Management: Testing an Online Decision-Aiding Framework for Informing Internally Consistent Choices.
abstract: This article presents research aimed at developing and testing an online, multistakeholder decision-aiding framework for informing multiattribute risk management choices associated with energy development and climate change. The framework was designed to provide necessary background information and facilitate internally consistent choices, or choices that are in line with users' prioritized objectives. In order to test different components of the decision-aiding framework, a six-part, 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted, yielding eight treatment scenarios. The three factors included: (1) whether or not users could construct their own alternatives; (2) the level of detail regarding the composition of alternatives users would evaluate; and (3) the way in which a final choice between users' own constructed (or highest-ranked) portfolio and an internally consistent portfolio was presented. Participants' self-reports revealed the framework was easy to use and providing an opportunity to develop one's own risk-management alternatives (Factor 1) led to the highest knowledge gains. Empirical measures showed the internal consistency of users' decisions across all treatments to be lower than expected and confirmed that providing information about alternatives' composition (Factor 2) resulted in the least internally consistent choices. At the same time, those users who did not develop their own alternatives and were not shown detailed information about the composition of alternatives believed their choices to be the most internally consistent. These results raise concerns about how the amount of information provided and the ability to construct alternatives may inversely affect users' real and perceived internal consistency.
authors.affiliation: Earth & Environmental Systems Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bessette
authors.affiliation: School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Campbell-Arvai
authors.affiliation: School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.|Erb Institute for Global Sustainable Enterprise, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.|Decision Research, Eugene, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arvai
keywords: Climate change; decision aiding; energy strategy; internal consistency; risk management