title: Excessive watering eyes in gastric cancer patients receiving S-1 chemotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Watering eyes is a common late adverse event associated with S-1 chemotherapy; however, the frequency and predictive factors are not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 304 consecutive gastric cancer patients treated with adjuvant S-1 monotherapy for 1 year at Shizuoka Cancer Center. We retrospectively evaluated the frequency of watering eyes, and explored other nonhematological adverse events during the first course of S-1 monotherapy which could become predictive factors for watering eyes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The severest grade of watering eyes during S-1 monotherapy was grade 2 in 41 patients (13.5 %) and grade 3 in 36 patients (11.8 %). The median time to onset of grade 2 and grade 3 watering eyes was 82 days (range 6-344 days) and 249 days (range 84-653 days), respectively, and the median cumulative S-1 dose at the onset of grade 2 and grade 3 watering eyes was 4174 mg/m(2) (range 491-16,095 mg/m(2)) and 10,243 mg/m(2) (range 4943-16,341 mg/m(2)), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that anorexia (odds ratio 2.37, P = 0.008), oral mucositis (odds ratio 3.86, P = 0.0003), skin hyperpigmentation (odds ratio 3.84, P = 0.0001), and rash (odds ratio 3.76, P = 0.01) observed during the first course were significantly associated with watering eyes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk of watering eyes was higher in patients who also had anorexia, oral mucositis, skin hyperpigmentation, or rash during first course of S-1 monotherapy than in those without them.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan. h-tabuse@wakayama-med.ac.jp.|The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, 641-0012, Wakayama, Japan. h-tabuse@wakayama-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tabuse
authors.affiliation: Division of Ophthalmology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamauchi
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsushima
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Todaka
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan.
authors.forename: Nozomu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Machida
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fukutomi
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Onozawa
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trial Coordination Office, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan.
authors.forename: Keita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan.|National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Narikazu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boku
authors.affiliation: The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, 641-0012, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ichinose
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasui
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007766:Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010094:Oxonic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D013666:Tears / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005641:Tegafur / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D004338:Drug Combinations; C079198:S 1 (combination); D005641:Tegafur; D010094:Oxonic Acid
keywords: Adverse event; Chemotherapy; Gastric cancer; S-1; Watering eyes