title: All-cause and cause-specific mortality of different migrant populations in Europe.
abstract: This study aimed to examine differences in all-cause mortality and main causes of death across different migrant and local-born populations living in six European countries. We used data from population and mortality registers from Denmark, England & Wales, France, Netherlands, Scotland, and Spain. We calculated age-standardized mortality rates for men and women aged 0-69 years. Country-specific data were pooled to assess weighted mortality rate ratios (MRRs) using Poisson regression. Analyses were stratified by age group, country of destination, and main cause of death. In six countries combined, all-cause mortality was lower for men and women from East Asia (MRRs 0.66; 95 % confidence interval 0.62-0.71 and 0.76; 0.69-0.82, respectively), and Other Latin America (0.44; 0.42-0.46 and 0.56; 0.54-0.59, respectively) than local-born populations. Mortality rates were similar for those from Turkey. All-cause mortality was higher in men and women from North Africa (1.09; 1.08-1.11 and 1.19; 1.17-1.22, respectively) and Eastern Europe (1.30; 1.27-1.33 and 1.05; 1.01-1.08, respectively), and women from Sub-Saharan Africa (1.34; 1.30-1.38). The pattern differed by age group and country of destination. Most migrants had higher mortality due to infectious diseases and homicide while cancer mortality and suicide were lower. CVD mortality differed by migrant population. To conclude, mortality patterns varied across migrant populations in European countries. Future research should focus both on migrant populations with favourable and less favourable mortality pattern, in order to understand this heterogeneity and to drive policy at the European level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. u.ikram@amc.nl.
authors.forename: Umar Z
authors.initials: UZ
authors.lastname: Ikram
authors.affiliation: Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Mackenbach
authors.affiliation: King's College, London, UK.
authors.forename: Seeromanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harding
authors.affiliation: INSERM, CépiDc, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: Grégoire
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rey
authors.affiliation: University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Raj S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Bhopal
authors.affiliation: Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Regidor
authors.affiliation: Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosato
authors.affiliation: University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Knud
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Juel
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Karien
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stronks
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anton E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Kunst
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000352:Africa, Northern; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D002423:Cause of Death; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005061:Europe, Eastern / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014171:Transients and Migrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: All-cause mortality; Cause-specific mortality; Europe; Migrant health; Migrants