title: Local tumor control probability modeling of primary and secondary lung tumors in stereotactic body radiotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether local tumor control probability (TCP) in stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) varies between lung metastases of different primary cancer sites and between primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and secondary lung tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective multi-institutional (n=22) database of 399 patients with stage I NSCLC and 397 patients with 525 lung metastases was analyzed. Irradiation doses were converted to biologically effective doses (BED). Logistic regression was used for local tumor control probability (TCP) modeling and the second-order bias corrected Akaike Information Criterion was used for model comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After median follow-up of 19 months and 16 months (n.s.), local tumor control was observed in 87.7% and 86.7% of the primary and secondary lung tumors (n.s.), respectively. A strong dose-response relationship was observed in the primary NSCLC and metastatic cohort but dose-response relationships were not significantly different: the TCD90 (dose to achieve 90% TCP; BED of maximum planning target volume dose) estimates were 176 Gy (151-223) and 160 Gy (123-237) (n.s.), respectively. The dose-response relationship was not influenced by the primary cancer site within the metastatic cohort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dose-response relationships for local tumor control in SBRT were not different between lung metastases of various primary cancer sites and between primary NSCLC and lung metastases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Wuerzburg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guckenberger
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Leopoldina Hospital Schweinfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Rainer J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Klement
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Barmherzige Brüder, Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Allgäuer
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medicine Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Nicolaus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Andratschke
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, UKSH Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Blanck
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Judit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boda-Heggemann
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Wien, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dieckmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Marciana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duma
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, LMU München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ganswindt
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hass
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy and Special Oncology, Medical School Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Henkenberens
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Holy
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Detlef
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Imhoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Augsburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Henning K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kahl
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Helios Klinikum Berlin Buch, Germany.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krempien
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital C.G. Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lohaus
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nestle
authors.affiliation: Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria.
authors.forename: Meinhard
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nevinny-Stickel
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Cordula
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nurenberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Semrau
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Streblow
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Wendt
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Pilipps-University Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wittig
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Wuerzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flentje
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sterzing
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011336:Probability; D016634:Radiosurgery; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Lung metastases; Non-small cell lung cancer; Stereotactic body radiotherapy; Tumor control probability