title: BIONOTE e-nose technology may reduce false positives in lung cancer screening programmes†.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Breath composition may be suggestive of different conditions. E-nose technology has been used to profile volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pattern in the breath of patients compared with that of healthy individuals. BIOsensor-based multisensorial system for mimicking NOse, Tongue and Eyes (BIONOTE) technology differs from Cyranose® based on a set of separate transduction features. On the basis of our previously published experience, we investigated the discriminating ability of BIONOTE in a high-risk population enrolled in a lung cancer screening programme.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred individuals were selected for BIONOTE based on the attribution to the high-risk category (i.e. age, smoking status, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease status) of the University Campus Bio-Medico lung screening programme. We used a measure chain consisting of (i) a device named Pneumopipe (EU patent: EP2641537 (A1):2013-09-25) able to catch exhaled breath by an individual normally breathing into it and collect the exhalate onto an adsorbing cartridge; (ii) an apparatus for thermal desorption of the cartridge into the sensors chamber and (iii) a gas sensor array which is part of a sensorial platform named BIONOTE for the VOCs mixture analysis. Partial least square (PLS) has been used to build up the model, with Leave-One-Out cross-validation criterion. Each breath fingerprint analysis costs €10.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall sensitivity and specificity were 86 and 95%, respectively, delineating a substantial difference between patients and healthy individuals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our preliminary data show that BIONOTE technology may be used to reduce false-positive rates resulting from lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography in a cost-effective fashion. The model will be tested on a larger number of patients to confirm the reliability of these results.
authors.affiliation: Section of Thoracic Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rocco
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatry, Università Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaele Antonelli
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Incalzi
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrated Research, Unit of Electronics for Sensor Systems, Università Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pennazza
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrated Research, Unit of Electronics for Sensor Systems, Università Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santonico
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatry, Università Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pedone
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatry, Università Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Isaura Rossi
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Bartoli
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrated Research, Unit of Electronics for Sensor Systems, Università Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vernile
authors.affiliation: Section of Thoracic Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy g.mangiameli@unicampus.it.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mangiameli
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione Pascale, IRCCS, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonello
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: La Rocca
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione Pascale, IRCCS, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Luca
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione Pascale, IRCCS, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rocco
authors.affiliation: Section of Thoracic Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Pierfilippo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Crucitti
mesh_terms: D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D062609:Electronic Nose; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: E-nose; Lung cancer; Screening