title: Repositioned lateral crural flap technique for cephalic malposition in rhinoplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cephalic malposition of the lower lateral cartilage (CMLLC) is a relatively common anatomical variant, particularly in Middle Eastern patients. The characteristics of CMLLC include long alar creases, a boxy and ball-shaped nasal tip, parenthesis tip deformity and external valvular incompetence. The gold standard for correcting CMLLC is the lateral crural strut graft (Gunter graft), but many patients experience problems after this technique.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of the repositioned lateral crural flap (RLCF) technique in correcting CMLLC, and to discuss the cosmetic and functional results.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, 123 primary septorhinoplasty operations using the RLCF technique were performed between May 2012 and March 2013. The mean follow-up period was 11.4 months (range nine to 24 months). Four parameters were measured and compared pre- and postoperatively: the angle between the line connecting the maximum convexity of the lower lateral cartilage (LLC) to the tip-defining point and midline on each side (angle of rotation); the total distance between the maximum convexity of LLC right and left to midline (representing the size of the parenthesis deformity); satisfaction scale rating of the patients' nasal tip appearance; and the satisfaction scale rating of patients' breathing through their nostrils.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean angle of the LLC to the midline significantly increased and the mean distance between the maximum convexities was significantly reduced, indicating correction of the malposition and reduction of the parenthesis deformity, respectively. The mean satisfactory scale ratings of nasal tip appearance and breathing quality were also significantly improved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CMLLC can be corrected using the RLCF technique, resulting in both aesthetic and functional improvements.
authors.affiliation: Rhinology and Facial Plastic Division, Otolaryngology Department and Research Center, Rasoul Akram medical Complex; Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohebbi
authors.affiliation: Rhinology and Facial Plastic Division, Otolaryngology Department and Research Center, Rasoul Akram medical Complex; Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azizi
authors.affiliation: Rhinology and Facial Plastic Division, Otolaryngology Department and Research Center, Rasoul Akram medical Complex; Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tabatabaiee
keywords: Cephalic malposition of lower lateral cartilage; Repositioned lateral crural flap; Septorhinoplasty