title: ERIC-PCR genotyping of field isolates of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Gallinarum biovars Gallinarum and Pullorum.
abstract: Salmonella Gallinarum (SG) and Salmonella Pullorum (SP) have been classified as biovars belonging to Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Gallinarum. Genetic diversity among isolates of the same biovar can be detected by DNA fingerprinting techniques which are useful in epidemiological investigations. In this study, we applied the PCR amplification of Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus sequences (ERIC-PCR) to analyse 45 strains of SG and SP, most of which were isolated from diseased poultry of different Brazilian regions over a period of 27 years until 2014. The ERIC-genotypes obtained were used to describe the epidemiological relationship amongst the strains. Our findings showed that there were six ERIC-patterns for SG strains at 80% similarity. In addition, some of the SG isolates recovered from different regions and years clustered with 100% similarity, suggesting that transfer of genotypes between these regions has taken place. The commercial rough vaccine strain 9R showed a unique profile. Meanwhile, more genetic diversity was observed among SP strains where ten ERIC-patterns were also formed at 80% similarity.
authors.affiliation: a Departament of Veterinary Pathology, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias , Univ Estadual Paulista , Jaboticabal , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrei Itajahy Secundo
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: a Departament of Veterinary Pathology, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias , Univ Estadual Paulista , Jaboticabal , São Paulo , Brazil.|b Department of Veterinary Sciences , Federal University of Paraiba , Areia , Paraíba , Brazil.
authors.forename: Oliveiro Caetano
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: de Freitas Neto
authors.affiliation: a Departament of Veterinary Pathology, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias , Univ Estadual Paulista , Jaboticabal , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Diego Felipe Alves
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.affiliation: a Departament of Veterinary Pathology, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias , Univ Estadual Paulista , Jaboticabal , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Anny Lucia del Pilar Celis
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Estupinan
authors.affiliation: a Departament of Veterinary Pathology, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias , Univ Estadual Paulista , Jaboticabal , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.affiliation: c School of Veterinary Medicine and Science , The University of Nottingham , Loughborough , UK.
authors.forename: Paul Andrew
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Barrow
authors.affiliation: a Departament of Veterinary Pathology, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias , Univ Estadual Paulista , Jaboticabal , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berchieri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques / Q000662:veterinary; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002645:Chickens; D016384:Consensus Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D021901:DNA, Intergenic / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D021901:DNA, Intergenic