title: Metabolic Syndrome-Associated Risk Factors and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Independently Predict Arterial stiffness in 9903 Subjects With and Without Chronic Kidney Disease.
abstract: Metabolic syndrome (MS), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are related to cardiovascular diseases. Although MS is common in CKD subjects, the contribution of MS-associated risk factors and hs-CRP to arterial stiffness in CKD has not been well studied.In this cross-sectional cohort study, we enrolled 9903 subjects who underwent brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) measurements from our database of Health Care Center. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m. Comparing those grouped with and without CKD, multivariate linear regression analyses were used.Overall, baPWV was found to have an inverse relationship with eGFR (P for trend <0.001), which increased progressively with the presence of CKD, increasing number of MS-associated risk factors and hs-CRP (P for trend <0.001). In the non-CKD group, age, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting glucose, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and hs-CRP independently predicted baPWV, whereas in CKD, eGFR, age, gender, body mass index, SBP, DBP, and fasting glucose remained predictors.The number of MS-associated risk factors and hs-CRP remains a determinant of arterial stiffness in both CKD and non-CKD groups. The decline of renal function contributes to arterial stiffness only in CKD but not in non-CKD. Our findings suggest that for CKD subjects, renal function, BP, and glycemic control are potential targets for further interventional studies of arterial stiffness.
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S-ST, J-SH), Department of Cardiology (Y-SL, C-PL, L-SW, P-HC), Healthcare Center (Y-SL, J-SH, P-HC), and Heart Failure Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (P-HC).
authors.forename: Sung-Sheng
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Yu-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chia-Pin
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jawl-Shan
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Lung-Sheng
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Pao-Hsien
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Chu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index / Q000379:methods; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein