title: Concealed pregnancy: a concept analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A concept analysis of concealed pregnancy was undertaken using Walker and Avant's framework to examine the attributes, characteristics and uses of the concept in maternity care.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Understanding the concept of concealed pregnancy is critical as failing to do so adds the risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Reviewing the literature and selected empirical referents indicated that concealed pregnancy has been predominantly viewed through a biomedical lens. Confusion exists around the definitions of denied and concealed pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic search of five bibliographic databases using keywords from the years 1960-2014.
  
  
  METHODS
  Walker and Avant's framework was used to guide the concept analysis. A thematic analysis of reviewed papers identified the main characteristics of concealed pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concealed pregnancy was conceptualized as a process and the critical attributes are secrecy, hiding, daytime story, staying away and avoidance. This process involves avoidance and if this includes failing to access healthcare can lead to catastrophic outcomes such as maternal and neonatal death. Antecedents, attributes and consequences of concealed pregnancy are also identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Understanding the concept of concealed pregnancy and its antecedents, attributes and consequences may assist in risk identification of women who conceal a pregnancy. This concept analysis has identified a need for further exploration of the coping styles and psychosocial processes involved in women concealing and revealing a pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing & Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murphy Tighe
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing & Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Joan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lalor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003210:Concept Formation; D003717:Denial, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007237:Infanticide / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D037841:Pregnant People / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: concealed pregnancy; concept analysis; denied pregnancy; midwives; neonaticide; nurses