title: Brain regions involved in dispositional mindfulness during resting state and their relation with well-being.
abstract: Mindfulness can be viewed as an important dispositional characteristic that reflects the tendency to be mindful in daily life, which is beneficial for improving individuals' both hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. However, no study to date has examined the brain regions involved in individual differences in dispositional mindfulness during the resting state and its relation with hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. To investigate this issue, the present study employed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to evaluate the regional homogeneity (ReHo) that measures the local synchronization of spontaneous brain activity in a large sample. We found that dispositional mindfulness was positively associated with the ReHo in the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), left parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), and right insula implicated in emotion processing, body awareness, and self-referential processing, and negatively associated with the ReHo in right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) implicated in response inhibition and attentional control. Furthermore, we found different neural associations with hedonic (i.e., positive and negative affect) and eudaimonic well-being (i.e., the meaningful and purposeful life). Specifically, the ReHo in the IFG predicted eudaimonic well-being whereas the OFC predicted positive affect, both of which were mediated by dispositional mindfulness. Taken together, our study provides the first evidence for linking individual differences in dispositional mindfulness to spontaneous brain activity and demonstrates that dispositional mindfulness engages multiple brain mechanisms that differentially influence hedonic and eudaimonic well-being.
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , China.|b Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , China.|b Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , China.|b Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Yiying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: c School of Psychology , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007206:Individuality; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D064866:Mindfulness; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D012146:Rest; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Dispositional mindfulness; Eudaimonic well-being; Hedonic well-being; Spontaneous brain activity