title: Unexpected divergence and lack of divergence revealed in continental Asian Cyornis flycatchers (Aves: Muscicapidae).
abstract: The flycatcher genus Cyornis (Aves: Muscicapidae) comprises 25 species with Oriental distributions. Their relationships are poorly known. We analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of 70 individuals from 12 species and several subspecies of Cyornis based on three mitochondrial genes and five nuclear introns, with special focus on Chinese and Vietnamese populations of the monotypic C. hainanus and polytypic C. rubeculoides. We found no support for inclusion of C. concretus in Cyornis. Deep divergences were observed among different subspecies of C. banyumas and C. rubeculoides. C. rubeculoides glaucicomans was also shown to have a highly distinctive song, and we propose that it is treated as a distinctive Chinese endemic species, C. glaucicomans. In contrast, the south Vietnamese C. rubeculoides klossi, which has a disjunct distribution from the other subspecies of C. rubeculoides, along with a recently discovered population in Guangdong Province (China) with several plumage features reminiscent of C. r. klossi, were indistinguishable in all loci analyzed from the phenotypically markedly different C. hainanus. More research is needed to elucidate the reasons for this unexpected pattern.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 199, South Changan Rd., Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 199, South Changan Rd., Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 199, South Changan Rd., Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Systematics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Urban
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.affiliation: 14, bis rue des Temples, 45240 La Ferté Saint Aubin, France.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, PR China; Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7007, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: per.alstrom@slu.se.
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alström
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 199, South Changan Rd., Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, PR China. Electronic address: leifm@ioz.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Fumin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D050259:Genes, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D010802:Phylogeny; D020308:Songbirds / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D014744:Vietnam
keywords: Color morphs; Cyornis; Incomplete lineage sorting; Introgression; Phylogeny; Taxonomy