title: [Recurrent episodes of brushite nephrolithiasis revealing primary hyperparathyroidism].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nephrolithiasis is a frequent disease observed in 1 to 20 % of the general population. This disease predominates in male patients (2:1) and is characterized by a high rate of recurrences (about 50 %).
  
  
  METHODS
  We report the case of a 45-year old male patient who experienced during about ten years recurrent bilateral renal colic episodes due to brushite lithiasis. These stones were treated with multiple extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy sessions. A pyeloureteral junction syndrome predisposing to bulky stones formation has been put in evidence and required a pyeloplasty. After more than ten years of disease activity, a biochemical screening diagnosed primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Radiological assessment identified a parathyroid gland adenoma. Successful surgical removal of this lesion was followed by resolution of the symptomatic kidney stones formation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PHPT is associated with kidney stones in about 20 % of the patients. Hypercalciuria is the main risk factor of stones formation but other predisposing factors are also probably involved. Patients carrying a polymorphism located in the coding sequence of the calcium-sensing receptor gene or in the regulatory region of this gene seem to experience an increased occurrence of urinary lithiasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present case stresses the importance of a metabolic assessment in all patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis, especially in case of bilateral episodes.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roumeguère
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Devuyst
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cotton
authors.forename: B-N-T
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cappello
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Corbetta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Idrissi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pozdzik
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nortier
mesh_terms: D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D049950:Hyperparathyroidism, Primary / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011859:Radiography; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C494366:calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate