title: [Oral hairy leukoplakia induced by topical steroids].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is an EBV-associated condition of the oral mucosa, which is often painless. It is found predominantly in HIV-positive patients and is considered a clinical indicator of immunosuppression. OHL has rarely been described in HIV-negative patients, being found most often in association with iatrogenic immunosuppression. OHL induced by topical steroids remains extremely rare.
  
  
  METHODS
  An 81-year-old HIV-negative woman, treated for 3 months with topical steroids for oral lichen planus, developed an asymptomatic white, corrugated, non-removable plaque with vertical folds on the lateral edge of the tongue. Associated oral candidiasis was noted. Based upon histological findings and in situ hybridisation showing numerous EBV-infected epithelial cells, a diagnosis of oral hairy leucoplakia was made.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, we report herein only the second recorded case of OHL induced strictly by topical steroids. Self-medication and poor adherence to dosage recommendations were noted in the patient's medical history. Physicians must be aware of the rare but nevertheless possible adverse events associated with topical steroid use, particularly when such medication is prescribed over a long period for inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa.
authors.affiliation: Médecine bucco-dentaire, consultation pluridisciplinaire de pathologies de la muqueuse buccale, institut Claudius-Regaud, institut universitaire du cancer Toulouse Oncopole, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France; UFR d'odontologie, 3, rue des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France. Electronic address: vigarios.emmanuelle@iuct-oncopole.fr.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vigarios
authors.affiliation: Chirurgie orale, consultation pluridisciplinaire de pathologies de la muqueuse buccale, hôpital Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33000 Bordeaux, France; UFR d'odontologie, 16-20, cours de la Marne, 33082 Bordeaux cedex, France.
authors.forename: J-C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Fricain
authors.affiliation: Anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, institut universitaire du cancer Toulouse Oncopole, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Projetti
authors.affiliation: UFR d'odontologie, 3, rue des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France; Chirurgie orale, institut Claudius-Regaud, institut universitaire du cancer Toulouse Oncopole, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boulanger
authors.affiliation: Dermatologie, consultation pluridisciplinaire de pathologies de la muqueuse buccale, institut Claudius-Regaud, institut universitaire du cancer Toulouse Oncopole, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sibaud
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001624:Betamethasone Valerate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D002990:Clobetasol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D017733:Leukoplakia, Hairy / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications; D017676:Lichen Planus, Oral / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012651:Self Medication; D014059:Tongue / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000666:Amphotericin B; D001624:Betamethasone Valerate; D002990:Clobetasol
keywords: Candidose; Corticothérapie locale; Dermocorticoïdes; Epstein Barr Virus; Leucoplasie orale chevelue; Lichen plan buccal; Oral candidiasis; Oral hairy leukoplakia; Oral lichen planus; Topical steroids