title: Insecticide exposure and farm history in relation to risk of lymphomas and leukemias in the Women's Health Initiative observational study cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Relationships of farm history and insecticide exposure at home or work with lymphohematopoietic (LH) neoplasm risk were investigated in a large prospective cohort of US women.
  
  
  METHODS
  In questionnaires, women self-reported history living or working on a farm, personally mixing or applying insecticides, insecticide application in the home or workplace by a commercial service, and treating pets with insecticides. Relationships with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma, plasma cell neoplasms, and myeloid leukemia were investigated using Cox proportional hazard models. Age and farming history were explored as effect modifiers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis included 76,493 women and 822 NHL cases. Women who ever lived or worked on a farm had 1.12 times the risk of NHL (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.95-1.32) compared to those who did not. Women who reported that a commercial service ever applied insecticides in their immediate surroundings had 65% higher risk of CLL/SLL (95% CI = 1.15-2.38). Women aged less than 65 years who ever applied insecticides had 87% higher risk of DLBCL (95% CI = 1.13-3.09).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insecticide exposures may contribute to risk of CLL/SLL and DLBCL. Future studies should examine relationships of LH subtypes with specific types of household insecticides.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA. Electronic address: lhs36@drexel.edu.
authors.forename: Leah H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Schinasi
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Anneclaire J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: De Roos
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Roberta M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle.
authors.forename: Kerstin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Edlefsen
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, NC.
authors.forename: Christine G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Parks
authors.affiliation: Department of Field Studies, MedStar Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD; Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Barbara V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventative Medicine and Graduate Program in Public Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.
authors.forename: Jaymie R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Meliker
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo.
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bonner
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City.
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Division of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego.
authors.forename: Andrea Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: LaCroix
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000383:Agriculture; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000506:poisoning*; D007938:Leukemia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016387:Women's Health
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides
keywords: Insecticides; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Pesticides; Women