title: Epigenetics changes associated to environmental triggers in autoimmunity.
abstract: Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are chronic conditions initiated by the loss of immunological tolerance to self-antigens and represent a heterogeneous group of disorders that affect specific target organs or multiple organs in different systems. While the pathogenesis of AID remains unclear, its aetiology is multifunctional and includes a combination of genetic, epigenetic, immunological and environmental factors. In AIDs, several epigenetic mechanisms are defective including DNA demethylation, abnormal chromatin positioning associated with autoantibody production and abnormalities in the expression of RNA interference (RNAi). It is known that environmental factors may interfere with DNA methylation and histone modifications, however, little is known about epigenetic changes derived of regulation of RNAi. An approach to the known environmental factors and the mechanisms that alter the epigenetic regulation in AIDs (with emphasis in systemic lupus erythematosus, the prototype of systemic AID) are showed in this review.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology , Fundación Valle del Lili , Cali , Colombia and.
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cañas
authors.affiliation: b Department of Internal Medicine, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali , CES University School of Medicine , Medellín, Cali , Colombia.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cañas
authors.affiliation: a Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology , Fundación Valle del Lili , Cali , Colombia and.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bonilla-Abadía
authors.affiliation: a Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology , Fundación Valle del Lili , Cali , Colombia and.
authors.forename: Fabio E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Ospina
authors.affiliation: a Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology , Fundación Valle del Lili , Cali , Colombia and.
authors.forename: Gabriel J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Tobón
mesh_terms: D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000235:genetics; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000235:genetics; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000235:genetics; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000276:immunology*; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D034622:RNA Interference / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D001324:Autoantigens; D002843:Chromatin; D006657:Histones
keywords: Chromatin modification; DNA methylation; RNA interference; UV light; systemic lupus erythematous