title: The reinvigoration of the Southern Ocean carbon sink.
abstract: Several studies have suggested that the carbon sink in the Southern Ocean-the ocean's strongest region for the uptake of anthropogenic CO2 -has weakened in recent decades. We demonstrated, on the basis of multidecadal analyses of surface ocean CO2 observations, that this weakening trend stopped around 2002, and by 2012, the Southern Ocean had regained its expected strength based on the growth of atmospheric CO2. All three Southern Ocean sectors have contributed to this reinvigoration of the carbon sink, yet differences in the processes between sectors exist, related to a tendency toward a zonally more asymmetric atmospheric circulation. The large decadal variations in the Southern Ocean carbon sink suggest a rather dynamic ocean carbon cycle that varies more in time than previously recognized.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Physics, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Landschützer
authors.affiliation: Environmental Physics, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. Center for Climate Systems Modeling, C2SM, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gruber
authors.affiliation: Environmental Physics, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. Center for Climate Systems Modeling, C2SM, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: F Alexander
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Haumann
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rödenbeck
authors.affiliation: Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
authors.forename: Dorothee C E
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.affiliation: Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Heuven
authors.affiliation: Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoppema
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités (UPMC, Univ Paris 06)-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, LOCEAN/IPSL Laboratory, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Metzl
authors.affiliation: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Colm
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.affiliation: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation and Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Co-operative Research Centre, Hobart, Australia.
authors.forename: Bronte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tilbrook
authors.affiliation: Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory of NOAA, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Rik
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wanninkhof
mesh_terms: D000864:Antarctic Regions; D001272:Atmosphere / Q000737:chemistry; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D057965:Carbon Sequestration; D003198:Computer Simulation; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide