title: Effect of volatile organic compounds from bacteria on nematodes.
abstract: The five studied bacterial strains could produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that kill nematodes. Based on their 16S rRNA sequences, these strains were identified as Pseudochrobactrum saccharolyticum, Wautersiella falsenii, Proteus hauseri, Arthrobacter nicotianae, and Achromobacter xylosoxidans. The bacterial VOCs were extracted using solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) and subsequently identified by GC/MS analysis. The VOCs covered a wide range of aldehydes, ketones, alkyls, alcohols, alkenes, esters, alkynes, acids, ethers, as well as heterocyclic and phenolic compounds. Among the 53 VOCs identified, 19 candidates, produced by different bacteria, were selected to test their nematicidal activity (NA) against Caenorhabditis elegans and Meloidogyne incognita. The seven compounds with the highest NAs were acetophenone, S-methyl thiobutyrate, dimethyl disulfide, ethyl 3,3-dimethylacrylate, nonan-2-one, 1-methoxy-4-methylbenzene, and butyl isovalerate. Among them, S-methyl thiobutyrate showed a stronger NA than the commercial insecticide dimethyl disulfide. It was reported for the first time here that the five bacterial strains as well as S-methyl thiobutyrate, ethyl 3,3-dimethylacrylate, 1-methoxy-4-methylbenzene, and butyl isovalerate possess NA. These strains and compounds might provide new insights in the search for novel nematicides.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China, (phone: +86-871-5032538).
authors.forename: You-Yao
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China, (phone: +86-871-5032538).
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China, (phone: +86-871-5032538).
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China, (phone: +86-871-5032538). kqzhang1@ynu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ke-Qin
authors.initials: KQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China, (phone: +86-871-5032538). Ligh@ynu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guo-Hong
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000737:chemistry*; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000187:drug effects; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D009348:Nematoda / Q000187:drug effects*; D010571:Pest Control / Q000379:methods; D010944:Plants / Q000469:parasitology*; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds
keywords: Achromobacter xylosoxidans; Arthrobacter nicotianae; Caenorhabditis elegans; GC/MS Analysis; Meloidogyne incognita; Nematicidal activity; Proteus hauseri; Pseudochrobactrum saccharolyticum; Solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME); Volatile organic compounds; Wautersiella falsenii