title: Surviving metabolic arrest: photosynthesis during desiccation and rehydration in resurrection plants.
abstract: Photosynthesis is the key process that is affected by dehydration in plants. Desiccation-tolerant resurrection plants can survive conditions of very low relative water content. During desiccation, photosynthesis is not operational, but is recovered within a short period after rehydration. While homoiochlorophyllous resurrection plants retain their photosynthetic apparatus during desiccation, poikilochlorophyllous resurrection species dismantle chloroplasts and degrade chlorophyll but resynthesize them again during rehydration. Dismantling the chloroplasts avoids the photooxidative stress in poikilochlorophyllous resurrection plants, whereas it is minimized in homoiochlorophyllous plants through the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes and protective proteins or metabolites. Although the cellular protection mechanisms in both of these species vary, these mechanisms protect cells from desiccation-induced damage and restore photosynthesis upon rehydration. Several of the proteins synthesized during dehydration are localized in chloroplasts and are believed to play major roles in the protection of photosynthetic structures and in recovery in resurrection species. This review focuses on the strategies of resurrection plants in terms of how they protect their photosynthetic apparatus from oxidative stress during desiccation without membrane damage and with full recovery during rehydration. We review the role of the dehydration-induced protection mechanisms in chloroplasts and how photosynthesis is restored during rehydration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tamil Nadu, India.|Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Dinakar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Challabathula
authors.affiliation: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Jos T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Puthur
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Dorothea
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bartels
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000378:metabolism; D032181:Craterostigma / Q000378:metabolism*; D003890:Desiccation; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism*; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014867:Water
keywords: chloroplasts; dehydration; desiccation tolerance; photosynthesis; rehydration