title: Portal hypertensive gastropathy and gastric antral vascular ectasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) and gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) are two types of upper gastrointestinal bleeding that may present similarly, but are managed very differently. This article reviews the pathogenesis and guidelines in management of both of these conditions with emphasis on recent advances in the field.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Off-label use of Hemospray has been shown in several case series to be useful in managing acute bleeding from PHG. Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration presents an alternative approach for this condition. Radiofrequency ablation may be an alternative therapy to argon plasma coagulation in the endoscopic treatment of GAVE, as it consists of fewer sessions and has been shown to decrease gastrointestinal blood loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The treatment options for PHG and GAVE are constantly evolving and expanding. In this review, we present the latest approaches in the gastroenterologist's arsenal to deal with these conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Nabeel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.forename: Wahid
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wassef
mesh_terms: D021721:Balloon Occlusion / Q000379:methods; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods; D020252:Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D016558:Hemostasis, Endoscopic / Q000379:methods; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000150:complications*; D008903:Minerals / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D008903:Minerals; C581750:hemospray