title: An NFC-Enabled CMOS IC for a Wireless Fully Implantable Glucose Sensor.
abstract: This paper presents an integrated circuit (IC) that merges integrated optical and temperature transducers, optical interface circuitry, and a near-field communication (NFC)-enabled digital, wireless readout for a fully passive implantable sensor platform to measure glucose in people with diabetes. A flip-chip mounted LED and monolithically integrated photodiodes serve as the transduction front-end to enable fluorescence readout. A wide-range programmable transimpedance amplifier adapts the sensor signals to the input of an 11-bit analog-to-digital converter digitizing the measurements. Measurement readout is enabled by means of wireless backscatter modulation to a remote NFC reader. The system is able to resolve current levels of less than 10 pA with a single fluorescent measurement energy consumption of less than 1 μJ. The wireless IC is fabricated in a 0.6-μm-CMOS process and utilizes a 13.56-MHz-based ISO15693 for passive wireless readout through a NFC interface. The IC is utilized as the core interface to a fluorescent, glucose transducer to enable a fully implantable sensor-based continuous glucose monitoring system.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: DeHennis
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Getzlaff
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grice
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mailand
mesh_terms: D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012666:Semiconductors; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013686:Telemetry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D059015:Wireless Technology / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose