title: Validation of a T1 and T2* leakage correction method based on multiecho dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI using MION as a reference standard.
abstract: A combined biophysical- and pharmacokinetic-based method is proposed to separate, quantify, and correct for both T1 and T2* leakage effects using dual-echo dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) acquisitions to provide more accurate hemodynamic measures, as validated by a reference intravascular contrast agent (CA).
  
  
  
  Dual-echo DSC-MRI data were acquired in two rodent glioma models. The T1 leakage effects were removed and also quantified to subsequently correct for the remaining T2* leakage effects. Pharmacokinetic, biophysical, and combined biophysical and pharmacokinetic models were used to obtain corrected cerebral blood volume (CBV) and cerebral blood flow (CBF), and these were compared with CBV and CBF from an intravascular CA.
  
  
  
  T1 -corrected CBV was significantly overestimated compared with MION CBV, while T1 + T2*-correction yielded CBV values closer to the reference values. The pharmacokinetic and simplified biophysical methods showed similar results and underestimated CBV in tumors exhibiting strong T2* leakage effects. The combined method was effective for correcting T1 and T2* leakage effects across tumor types.
  
  
  
  Correcting for both T1 and T2* leakage effects yielded more accurate measures of CBV. The combined correction method yields more reliable CBV measures than either correction method alone, but for certain brain tumor types (e.g., gliomas), the simplified biophysical method may provide a robust and computationally efficient alternative. Magn Reson Med 76:613-625, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.|Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Ashley M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stokes
authors.affiliation: Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.|Department of Physics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Natenael
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Semmineh
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.|Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: C Chad
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Quarles
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D016477:Artifacts; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003287:Contrast Media; D005119:Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005910:Glioma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: biophysical model; contrast agent leakage; dynamic susceptibility-contrast MRI; leakage correction; perfusion imaging; tumor hemodynamics