title: Manipulation of broiler chickens sex differentiation by in ovo injection of aromatase inhibitors, and garlic and tomato extracts.
abstract: The influence of in ovo administration of aromatase inhibitors, clomiphen citrate, tomoxifen, and garlic and tomato extracts on sex differentiation in broiler chickens were investigated in 2 experiments. Five hundred, and 1,000 fertile eggs from Ross 308 strain were used in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. In both experiments, eggs were divided into 5 groups: control group (DW, 0.1 mL/egg), tomoxifen (0.05 mg/egg), clomiphene citrate (0.05 mg/egg), garlic and tomato extracts (0.1 mL/egg). Eggs were sanitized and prepared for incubation in a regular automatic hatchery. Experimental preparations were injected into eggs at day 5 of the incubation period. Injection sites on the eggs were cleaned with 70% ethylic alcohol, bored by a needle, and aromatase inhibitors were injected into the white from the thin end of the eggs by insulin syringe and then sealed by melted paraffin. In experiment 1, hatched one-day-old chicks (mixed-sex) were raised till 42 days of age in 25 floor pens with a completely randomized design. Experiment 2 was designed to investigate the effects of sex and treatments on the feed-to-gain ratio of broiler chicks. In experiment 2, hatched one-day-old chicks were feather sexed and raised till 42 days of age in 50 floor pens. A completely randomized design with a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement of treatments (sex×treatment) was used. Gonads of the chicks were checked to determine their sex on day 42 by optic microscope to make sure feather sexing was correct. At the end of both experiments, on day 42, one bird from each pen was slaughtered for carcass analysis. In experiment 1, hatchability and the one-day-old weight of chicks showed no significant differences among treatments (P > 0.05). However, in ovo administration of garlic and tomato extracts caused the highest percentage of male chicks (P < 0.05). Also, the percentage of thighs and wings of the males were significantly higher than those of females (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, feed-to-gain ratio of male and female broiler chicks showed no significant differences among treatments (P > 0.05).
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
authors.forename: Nahid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fazli
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, PO Box 91775-1163, Mashhad, Iran hassanabadi@um.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hassanabadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, PO Box 91775-1163, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mottaghitalab
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, PO Box 91775-1163, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Hosna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hajati
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000254:growth & development*; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development*; D005260:Female; D005737:Garlic / Q000737:chemistry*; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D010063:Ovum; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012733:Sex Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: aromatase inhibitors; broiler chickens; in ovo injection