title: Clinical and Echocardiographic Features of Mitral Annular Calcium in Patients Aged ≤50 Years.
abstract: Data regarding characteristics of young patients with mitral annular calcification (MAC) and its associations with other cardiovascular risk factors are scarce. Hence, we sought to characterize patients aged <50 years with MAC and to examine whether in these patients, MAC is also associated with cardiovascular risk factors. Consecutive patients who underwent an echocardiographic study were prospectively entered into a database. The database included clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic parameters. The present study included 56 patients aged <50 years with a diagnosis of MAC. The mean age was 44.2 ± 6.9 years with a male-to-female ratio of 2.5:1. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (30 patients [53%] hypertension, 17 patients [30%] diabetes mellitus, 24 patients [43%] dyslipidemia, 22 patients [39%] smoking) and established cardiovascular disease (22 patients [39%] coronary artery disease, 11 patients [19%] previous stroke) was substantially higher than expected for this age group. Twenty-nine patients (52%) had chronic kidney disease. Of these, 18 patients (62%) had end-stage kidney disease and 7 patients (24%) underwent renal transplantation. Fourteen patients (25%) and 3 patients (5%) had moderate or severe mitral regurgitation and mitral stenosis, respectively. Aortic valve disease was present in 37 patients (66%). Moderate or severe left ventricular dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy were identified in 9 patients (16%) and 31 patients (56%), respectively. In conclusion, the detection of MAC in a young patient should be regarded as a marker of atherosclerotic disease, chronic kidney disease, and aortic valve disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Electronic address: adayaw@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Adaya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weissler-Snir
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weisenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Natanzon
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Tamir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bental
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Mordehay
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vaturi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Yaron
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shapira
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Monakier
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Alik
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sagie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000150:complications; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications