title: Modeling of wastewater quality in an urban area during festival and rainy days.
abstract: Water pollution during festival periods is a major problem in all festival cities across the world. Reliable prediction of water pollution is essential in festival cities for sewer and wastewater management in order to ensure public health and a clean environment. This article aims to model the biological oxygen demand (BOD(5)), and total suspended solids (TSS) parameters in wastewater in the sewer networks of Karbala city center during festival and rainy days using structural equation modeling and multiple linear regression analysis methods. For this purpose, 34 years (1980-2014) of rainfall, temperature and sewer flow data during festival periods in the study area were collected, processed, and employed. The results show that the TSS concentration increases by 26-46 mg/l while BOD(5) concentration rises by 9-19 mg/l for an increase of rainfall by 1 mm during festival periods. It was also found that BOD(5) concentration rises by 4-17 mg/l for each increase of 10,000 population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hydraulics and Hydrology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia E-mail: hussein.alkaisy@gmail.com.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Obaid
authors.affiliation: Department of Hydraulics and Hydrology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia E-mail: hussein.alkaisy@gmail.com.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahid
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Karbala University, Karbala, Iraq.
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Basim
authors.affiliation: Razak School of Engineering and Advance Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chelliapan
mesh_terms: D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006693:Holidays; D006801:Humans; D007493:Iraq; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011891:Rain; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical