title: Optimization of magnetophoretic-guided drug delivery to the olfactory region in a human nose model.
abstract: Magnetophoretic-guided delivery has been shown to be able to improve the olfactory doses. However, due to the complex nasal structure and quick decay of magnetic intensity, precise control of particle motion in the human nose remains a challenge. In this study, an optimization model was developed for magnetophoretic olfactory delivery systems. The performance of the model was evaluated using a baseline device design in an MRI-based human nose geometry. Three key components of the delivery system were examined, which included the particle release position, the front magnet to minimize nasal valve depositions, and the top magnet to attract particles into the olfactory region. Results show that the magnetophoretic olfactory delivery device can be significantly improved by optimizing the product and operational parameters. The olfactory delivery efficiency was increased by 1.5-fold compared to the baseline design. The top magnet height and strength were shown to be the most influential factor in olfactory delivery, followed by the drug release position and the front magnet strength. The optimization framework developed in this study can be easily adapted for the optimization of intranasal drug delivery to other regions such as paranasal sinuses.
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Technology, Central Michigan University, 1200 South Franklin Street, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48858, USA. xi1j@cmich.edu.
authors.forename: Jinxiang
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6423-0759
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Technology, Central Michigan University, 1200 South Franklin Street, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48858, USA.
authors.forename: Ze
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Xiuhua April
authors.initials: XA
authors.lastname: Si
authors.affiliation: School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Wu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D009666:Nose / Q000502:physiology*; D012903:Smell / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Direct nose–brain delivery; Intranasal drug delivery; Magnetophoretic guidance; Olfactory deposition; Optimization; Sensitivity analysis