title: Age at First Episode Modulates Diagnosis-Related Structural Brain Abnormalities in Psychosis.
abstract: Brain volume and thickness abnormalities have been reported in first-episode psychosis (FEP). However, it is unclear if and how they are modulated by brain developmental stage (and, therefore, by age at FEP as a proxy). This is a multicenter cross-sectional case-control brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. Patients with FEP (n = 196), 65.3% males, with a wide age at FEP span (12-35 y), and healthy controls (HC) (n = 157), matched for age, sex, and handedness, were scanned at 6 sites. Gray matter volume and thickness measurements were generated for several brain regions using FreeSurfer software. The nonlinear relationship between age at scan (a proxy for age at FEP in patients) and volume and thickness measurements was explored in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), affective psychoses (AFP), and HC. Earlier SSD cases (ie, FEP before 15-20 y) showed significant volume and thickness deficits in frontal lobe, volume deficits in temporal lobe, and volume enlargements in ventricular system and basal ganglia. First-episode AFP patients had smaller cingulate cortex volume and thicker temporal cortex only at early age at FEP (before 18-20 y). The AFP group also had age-constant (12-35-y age span) volume enlargements in the frontal and parietal lobe. Our study suggests that age at first episode modulates the structural brain abnormalities found in FEP patients in a nonlinear and diagnosis-dependent manner. Future MRI studies should take these results into account when interpreting samples with different ages at onset and diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: lpina.iisgm@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pina-Camacho
authors.affiliation: Ciber del Area de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain; Department of Methodology, School of Psychology, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain;
authors.forename: Ángel
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Del Rey-Mejías
authors.affiliation: Ciber del Area de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain;
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.affiliation: Ciber del Area de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit, Neurosciences Institute, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain;
authors.forename: Miquel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bioque
authors.affiliation: Ciber del Area de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de Álava (Sede Santiago), EHU/University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain;
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González-Pinto
authors.affiliation: Ciber del Area de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain;
authors.forename: Celso
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arango
authors.affiliation: Ciber del Area de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Hospital Clínico, University of Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain;
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lobo
authors.affiliation: Ciber del Area de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; FIDMAG Hermanas Hospitalarias, Barcelona, Spain;
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarró
authors.affiliation: Ciber del Area de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain;
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desco
authors.affiliation: Ciber del Area de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clinic, University of Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain;
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sanjuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada;
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lacalle-Aurioles
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain;
authors.forename: Manuel J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cuesta
authors.affiliation: Ciber del Area de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcala, Madrid, Spain;
authors.forename: Jerónimo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saiz-Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Ciber del Area de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit, Neurosciences Institute, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernardo
authors.affiliation: Ciber del Area de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain;
authors.forename: Mara
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parellada
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D017668:Age of Onset; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000473:pathology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: MRI; age at onset; bipolar disorder; cortical thickness; cortical volume; first-episode psychosis; schizophrenia