title: Lasers in esthetic treatment of gingival melanin hyperpigmentation: a review article.
abstract: The health and suitability of mouth components play an important role towards defining facial attractiveness. An important component of the oral cavity is the color of the gingival tissue. Gingival melanin hyperpigmentation is caused by several reasons and affects people across ethnicity, race, age, and both gender. Lasers are presently being used for gingival melanin depigmentation. In this article, we reviewed studies on laser parameters, duration of gingival healing, pain perception during and after the operation, scores used for the evaluation of gingival melanin hyperpigmentation, follow-up period, treatment results, and recurrence reports. We conclude that laser ablation for gingival depigmentation is one of the most pleasant, reliable, acceptable, and impressive techniques available for treating gingival melanin hyperpigmentation.
authors.affiliation: Oral Medicine Department , School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bakhshi
authors.affiliation: Oral Medicine Department , School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. s.rahmani2011@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Somayeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rahmani
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahmani
mesh_terms: D005882:Gingival Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D017495:Hyperpigmentation / Q000601:surgery*; D007834:Lasers; D008543:Melanins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D008543:Melanins
keywords: Gingival depigmentation; Gingival melanin hyperpigmentation; Laser