title: Hepatitis B virus infection and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in southern China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Whether or not hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection plays a role in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is largely unknown. Our study aimed to assess the association between HBV infection and the risk of NPC in Southern China.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a case-control study including 711 NPC cases and two groups of controls. The first control group consisted of 656 individuals with other benign tumors unrelated to HBV infection and the second group consisted of 680 healthy population controls. Multivariable ORs and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for NPC were estimated by logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with NPC had higher prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis B core antigen-positive [anti-HBc-(+); 47.26%] compared with either benign tumor controls (39.33%; P < 0.01) or healthy controls (41.18%; P = 0.04). In multivariable models adjusting for a set of risk factors for NPC, anti-HBc-(+) was significantly associated with a higher risk of NPC [adjusted OR (AOR), 1.40; 95% CI, 1.12-1.74 compared with the benign tumor controls and AOR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.05-2.08 compared with the healthy controls]. The association was not modified by hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) status. Finally, compared with the healthy controls, individuals with both anti-HBc-(+) and EBV antibodies had largely increased risk of NPC (AOR, 141.82; 95% CI, 68.73-292.62).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that HBV infection is associated with NPC risk in Southern China.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevention for HBV infection may play a role in the development of NPC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China. School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China. Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Qun
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China. School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China. School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Li-Fang
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China. State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shang-Hang
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China. School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China. School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Lin
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China. School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Sui-Hong
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China. Department of Clinical Trial Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ming-Huang
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China. Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chao-Nan
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Weimin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China. Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Xin
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China. State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China. caosm@sysucc.org.cn liuqing@sysucc.org.cn.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China. State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China. caosm@sysucc.org.cn liuqing@sysucc.org.cn.
authors.forename: Su-Mei
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications*; D006512:Hepatitis B Core Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000821:virology; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006512:Hepatitis B Core Antigens