title: The accumbofrontal tract: Diffusion tensor imaging characterization and developmental change from childhood to adulthood.
abstract: The presence of an anatomical connection between the orbitofrontal cortex and ventral striatum, forming a so-called reward network, is well established across species. This connection has important implications for reward processing and is relevant to a number of neuropsychiatric disorders. Moreover, white matter (WM) is known to continue to mature across adolescence and into early adulthood, and developmental change in the reward network is an important component of models of decision making and risk taking. Despite the importance of this connection, the underlying WM has only recently been characterized in humans histologically, and not yet in-vivo using brain imaging. Here, we implemented diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in a large cross-sectional sample of 295 healthy individuals ages 8-68 to further characterize the WM of this connection and its development from childhood into adulthood. We demonstrate that the accumbofrontal tract, connecting the orbitofrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens, can be identified using standard DTI sequences. Using Poisson modeling, we show that the accumbofrontal tract undergoes significant change across the lifespan, with males showing a higher and earlier peak compared to females. Moreover, the change occurs in a pattern consistent with developmental models of decision-making. These findings support the hypothesis that developmental differences in WM integrity may be a contributing factor to the observed risk taking that occurs in adolescence. The accumbofrontal tract is not yet included in standard WM atlases, but may be important for inclusion in studies investigating fronto-striatal networks, as well as in investigations of substance abuse and decision making.
authors.affiliation: Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York.|Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York.|Hofstra NorthShore LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York.
authors.forename: Katherine H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Karlsgodt
authors.affiliation: Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York.|Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York.|Hofstra NorthShore LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York.
authors.forename: Majnu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: John
authors.affiliation: University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi.
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikuta
authors.affiliation: Spine and Neuromodulation Functional Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France.|Neuromodulation and Neural Networks Lab, N3Lab, Poitiers, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rigoard
authors.affiliation: Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York.
authors.forename: Bart D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York.|Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Derosse
authors.affiliation: Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York.|Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York.|Hofstra NorthShore LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York.
authors.forename: Anil K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.affiliation: Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York.|Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York.|Hofstra NorthShore LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York.
authors.forename: Philip R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Szeszko
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D066127:White Matter / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: brain; decision making; frontal lobe; growth and development; neuroimaging; reward; white matter