title: Alteration of delta-6-desaturase (FADS2), secretory phospholipase-A2 (sPLA2) enzymes by Hot-nature diet with co-supplemented hemp seed, evening primrose oils intervention in multiple sclerosis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect of nutrition and dietary supplements as environmental factors has been suggested as possible factors affecting both disease risk and progression in on the course of multiple sclerosis with complex genetic-risk profiles. This study was aimed to assess regulation of surface-membrane enzymes such as Delta-6-desaturase (FADS2), secretory Phospholipase A2(sPLA2) by hemp seed and evening primrose oils as well as Hot-natured dietary intervention in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this double blind, randomized trial, 100 RRMS patients with Extended disability status score (EDSS)<6 were allocated into 3 groups: "Group A" who received co-supplemented hemp seed and evening primrose oils along with advised Hot nature diet; "Group B", who received olive oil; "Group C", who received the co-supplemented oils. Clinically EDSS and functional score as well as biochemical parameters [blood cells polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), FADS2, sPLA2] were assessed at baseline and after 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean follow-up was 180±2.9SD days (N=65, 23 M and 42 F aged 34.25±8.07 years with disease duration 6.80±4.33 years). There was no significant difference in studies parameters at baseline. After 6 months, significant improvements in EDSS and functional score were found in the groups A and C while EDSS and pyramidal score showed significant increase in group B. Alteration of biochemical parameters showed improvement in groups A and C whereas there was worsening condition for group B after the intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The co-supplemented hemp seed and evening primrose oils with Hot nature diet can have beneficial effects in improving clinical symptoms and signs in RRMS patients which were confirmed by regulation of surface-membrane enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences Research Center, University of Medical Sciences at Tabriz, Iran; School of Nutrition and Health, University of Medical Sciences at Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. Electronic address: s.rfirozi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Soheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rezapour-Firouzi
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Health, University of Medical Sciences at Tabriz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, University of Medical Sciences at Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: arefhosseinir@tbzmed.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Seyed Rafie
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Arefhosseini
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Health, University of Medical Sciences at Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: ebrahimimamagani@tbzmed.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mehrangiz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi-Mamaghani
authors.affiliation: Immunology Research Center, University of Medical Sciences at Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: Behzad_im@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Behzad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baradaran
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences Research Center, University of Medical Sciences at Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: aeass@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Elyar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sadeghihokmabad
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences Research Center, University of Medical Sciences at Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: somaiyehmostafaei@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Somaiyeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mostafaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Nutrition, Food & Drug Organization, University of Medical Sciences at Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: drtorbati@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mohammadali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torbati
authors.affiliation: Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: mchehreh@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mahtaj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chehreh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002188:Cannabis; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008041:Linoleic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000178:diet therapy*; D031665:Oenothera biennis; D054497:Phospholipases A2, Secretory / Q000097:blood*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012639:Seeds; D017965:gamma-Linolenic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D008041:Linoleic Acids; D010938:Plant Oils; C028498:evening primrose oil; D017965:gamma-Linolenic Acid; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases; C533241:FADS2 protein, human; D054497:Phospholipases A2, Secretory
keywords: Cannabis sativa L; Delta-6-desaturase (FADS2); Oenothera biennis L; Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA); Relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS); Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2)