title: Streptococcus salivarius 24SMB administered by nasal spray for the prevention of acute otitis media in otitis-prone children.
abstract: This paper reports the results of the first study in which Streptococcus salivarius 24SMB, a safe α-haemolytic strain capable of producing bacteriocin-like substances with significant activity against acute otitis media (AOM) pathogens, was intranasally administered in an attempt to reduce the risk of new episodes of AOM in otitis-prone children. In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 100 children aged 1-5 years with histories of recurrent AOM were randomized 1:1 to receive an intranasal S. salivarius 24SMB or placebo twice daily for 5 days each month for 3 consecutive months. Fifty treated children and 47 who received placebo who were compliant with study protocol were followed monthly for 6 months. The number of children who did not experience any AOM was higher among the children treated with the S. salivarius 24SMB preparation than among those in the placebo group (30.0 vs 14.9%; p = 0.076). Moreover, the number of children who received antibiotics during the study period was lower among the children treated with S. salivarius 24 SMB than among those who received placebo (70 vs 83.0%; p = 0.13). Compared with the children who were not colonized by S. salivarius 24SMB after treatment, the number of colonized children who experienced any AOM was significantly lower (42.8 vs 13.6%; p = 0.03). Similar results were observed when the children treated with antibiotics for AOM were analysed (67.8 vs 95.5%; p = 0.029). This study revealed the ability of intranasally administered S. salivarius 24SMB to reduce the risk of AOM in otitis-prone children.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 9, 20122, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marchisio
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, MMAR Laboratory, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santagati
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, MMAR Laboratory, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scillato
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 9, 20122, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baggi
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 9, 20122, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fattizzo
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 9, 20122, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rosazza
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, MMAR Laboratory, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stefani
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 9, 20122, Milano, Italy. susanna.esposito@unimi.it.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 9, 20122, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Principi
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000336:Aerosols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D001430:Bacteriocins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001691:Biological Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010919:Placebos / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001430:Bacteriocins; D010919:Placebos