title: The updated incidences and mortalities of major cancers in China, 2011.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The National Central Cancer Registry (NCCR) of China collected population-based cancer registration data from all cancer registries in China. This study aimed to compile national cancer incidences and mortalities in 2011 and estimate cancer incident new cases and cancer deaths.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2014, there were 234 cancer registries that submitted records of new cancer cases and cancer deaths that occurred in 2011 to the NCCR. All datasets were evaluated based on the criteria of data quality of the NCCR. The data of 177 registries was of sufficient quality and was compiled to evaluate cancer statistics in 2011. The pooled data were stratified by area, sex, age group, and cancer type. Cancer incident cases and deaths were estimated using age-standardized rates (ASR) and the Chinese population. All incidences and mortalities were age-standardized to the 2000 Chinese standard population and Segi's population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The estimates of new cancer incident cases and cancer deaths were 3,372,175 and 2,113,048 in 2011, respectively. The crude incidence was 250.28/1,00,000 (277.77/1,00,000 for males and 221.37/1,00,000 for females). The ASRs of incidence by the Chinese standard population (ASRIC) and by the world standard population (ASRIW) were 186.34/1,00,000 and 182.76/1,00,000, respectively, with a cumulative incidence (0-74 years old) of 21.20%. Cancers of the lung, female breast, stomach, liver, colorectum, esophagus, cervix, uterus, prostate, and ovary were the most common cancers, accounting for approximately 75% of all new cancer cases. Lung, liver, gastric, esophageal, colorectal, female breast, pancreatic, brain, and cervical cancers and leukemia were the leading causes of cancer death, accounting for approximately 80% of all cancer deaths. Cancer incidence, mortality, and spectrum were all different between urban and rural areas and between males and females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The population covered by the cancer registries greatly increased from 2010 to 2011. The data quality and representativeness of cancer registries have gradually improved. Cancer registries have an irreplaceable role in research on cancer prevention and control. The disease burden of cancer is increasing, and the health department must implement effective measures to contain the increased cancer burden in China.
authors.affiliation: National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China. chenwq@cicams.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Wanqing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China. zhengrongshou@163.com.
authors.forename: Rongshou
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China. hongmeizeng2011@163.com.
authors.forename: Hongmei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China. zhangsw@cicams.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Siwei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D044466:Asian People; D002681:China; D000068598:Data Accuracy; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality; D009369:Neoplasms; D012042:Registries; D012424:Rural Population; D012737:Sex Factors; D014505:Urban Population