title: Pain, quality of life and activity in aged evacuees living in temporary housing after the Great East Japan earthquake of 11 March 2011: a cross-sectional study in Minamisoma City, Fukushima prefecture.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to clarify pain, quality of life and activity in the aged evacuees living in temporary housing after the Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a cross-sectional study performed in Minamisoma City, Fukushima Prefecture 1 year and 6 months after the disaster. Inclusion criteria were the ability to walk independently and consent to answer questionnaires. Seventy-one evacuees who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. There were 16 men and 55 women with a mean age of 75.9 years. Sixty evacuees were surveyed when they gathered at the assembly hall in the temporary housing (Assembled group) and 11 evacuees were surveyed through individual visits to their residences (Individual group). Evacuees in the Individual group agreed to participate in this study, but refused to visit the assembly hall to engage in exercise and recreation. Pain, quality of life (QOL) and level of activity were assessed with the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), the MOS Short-Form 36 item Health Survey (SF-36) and a pedometer, respectively. Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Fisher's exact test were used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-four (62.0 %) residents had chronic pain with a mean NRS of 2.74. Twenty-one (29.6 %) of these residents had relatively severe pain rated 5 or above on the NRS. QOL was significantly lower for the subscales of "physical functioning," "role physical", "general health", "social functioning", "role emotional" and "mental health", when compared with the national standard values. Values were also visibly lower for "physical component summary" in the summary score. On comparing the Assembled group and the Individual group, "physical function", "role physical", "social functioning" and "physical component summary" were found to be significantly lower in the Individual group. The mean daily number of steps was 1,892 in the Individual group and 4,579 in the Assembled group. The Individual group thus significantly took less mean daily number of steps compared with the Assembled group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study quantified the state of pain, QOL and activity of aged evacuees living in temporary housing after the Great East Japan Earthquake. The evacuees frequently had chronic pain and lower physical and mental QOL scores compared to the national standard values.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Center, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan. yabuki@fmu.ac.jp.|Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan. yabuki@fmu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yabuki
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Center, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan. ouchik@fmu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ouchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan. sinichk@fmu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan. skonno@fmu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Konno
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004190:Disasters; D055866:Earthquakes; D005260:Female; D006798:Housing / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires