title: The effects of energy expenditure rate on work productivity performance at different levels of production standard time.
abstract: [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of energy expenditure rate on work productivity performance at different levels of production standard time. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty industrial workers performed repetitive tasks at three different levels of production standard time, normal, hard, and very hard. Work productivity and energy expenditure rate were recorded during the experimental tasks. [Results] The work productivity target was not attainable for the hard and very hard production standard times. This was attributed to the energy expenditure rate, which increased as the level of production standard time became harder. The percentage change in energy expenditure rate for the very hard level (32.5%) relative to the normal level was twice that of the hard level (15.5%), indicating a higher risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders for the harder production standard time. The energy expenditure rate for the very hard production standard time (1.36 kcal/min) was found to exceed the maximum energy expenditure rate recommended for light repetitive tasks involving both arms (1.2 kcal/min). [Conclusion] The present study shows that working with an energy expenditure rate that is either equal to or above the maximum energy expenditure rate of the tasks results in decreased work productivity performance due to the onset of physical fatigue and a higher risks of work-related musculoskeletal disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nurhayati Mohd
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Nur
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Siti Zawiah Md
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Dawal
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mahidzal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dahari
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Junedah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sanusi
keywords: Energy expenditure rate; Work productivity; Work-related musculoskeletal disorders