title: Treating Parry-Romberg Syndrome Using Three-Dimensional Scanning and Printing and the Anterolateral Thigh Dermal Adipofascial Flap.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As three-dimensional technology becomes more ubiquitous, many plastic surgical applications have emerged. The authors investigate a three-dimensional scanning and printing system for facial soft tissue reconstruction in conjunction with an anterolateral thigh dermal adipofascial flap for the treatment of Parry-Romberg syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven patients with facial atrophy of the zygomatic, buccal, and mandibular areas were included. Three-dimensional scanning of each patient's face in conjunction was analyzed with computer-aided design (CAD) to quantify areas of facial asymmetry. Models were then created using three-dimensional printing to map areas of soft tissue deficiency. Free anterolateral thigh (ALT) dermal adipofascial flaps were designed based on the three-dimensional models of soft tissue deficiency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All flaps survived. One case had a postoperative hematoma. Six patients had restored facial symmetry. One patient required fat injections to obtain symmetry. No patients required revision surgery of their healed flaps for contouring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three-dimensional laser scanning and three-dimensional printing in combination with a free ALT dermal adipofascial flap offer surgeons a precise means to reconstruct facial contour deformities.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China †Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA ‡School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Caroline A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: William P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Magee
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Junjun
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Melia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bogari
authors.forename: Yulung
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Haisong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000637:transplantation; D000328:Adult; D064592:Autografts / Q000637:transplantation; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000175:diagnosis; D005150:Facial Hemiatrophy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005205:Fascia / Q000637:transplantation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D058752:Free Tissue Flaps / Q000637:transplantation*; D006085:Graft Survival; D006406:Hematoma / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D013848:Thigh / Q000601:surgery; D060053:Transplant Donor Site / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult