title: Small ruminant lentivirus infections and diseases.
abstract: Small ruminant lentiviruses include viruses with diverse genotypes that frequently cross the species barrier between sheep and goats and that display a great genetic variability. These characteristics stress the need to consider the whole host range and to perform local surveillance of the viruses to opt for optimum diagnostic tests, in order to establish control programmes. In the absence of effective vaccines, a comprehensive knowledge of the epidemiology of these infections is of major importance to limit their spread. This article intends to cover these aspects and to summarise information related to characteristics of the viruses, pathogenesis of the infection and description of the various syndromes produced, as well as the diagnostic tools available, the mechanisms involved in transmission of the pathogens and, finally, the control strategies that have been designed until now, with remarks on the drawbacks and the advantages of each one. We conclude that there are many variables influencing the expected cost and benefits of control programs that must be evaluated, in order to put into practice measures that might lead to control of these infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Vizcaya, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Minguijón
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agrobiotechnology (CSIC-UPNA-Government of Navarra), Avenida de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reina
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics. University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: Pathological Anatomy Section, Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, University of León, 24007 León, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Polledo
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Vizcaya, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Villoria
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán. UNAM. Laboratorio de Virología, Genética y Biología Molecular, Campo 4. Veterinaria.Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan, Km 2.5. San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli, CP.54714 Mexico.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ramírez
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Vizcaya, Spain.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Leginagoikoa
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Badiola
authors.affiliation: Pathological Anatomy Section, Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, University of León, 24007 León, Spain.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: García-Marín
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agrobiotechnology (CSIC-UPNA-Government of Navarra), Avenida de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Andrés
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luján
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agrobiotechnology (CSIC-UPNA-Government of Navarra), Avenida de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Amorena
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Vizcaya, Spain. Electronic address: rjuste@neiker.net.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Juste
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006041:Goats; D058507:Host Specificity; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D016086:Lentivirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D016180:Lentivirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D012418:Ruminants / Q000821:virology*; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D034561:Sheep, Domestic
keywords: Caprine artritis encephalitis; Control; Diagnosis; Epidemiology; Maedi; Pathogenesis; SRLV; Small ruminant lentivirus; Visna