title: Activity of andrographolide against chikungunya virus infection.
abstract: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne alphavirus that has recently engendered large epidemics around the world. There is no specific antiviral for treatment of patients infected with CHIKV, and development of compounds with significant anti-CHIKV activity that can be further developed to a practical therapy is urgently required. Andrographolide is derived from Andrographis paniculata, a herb traditionally used to treat a number of conditions including infections. This study sought to determine the potential of andrographolide as an inhibitor of CHIKV infection. Andrographolide showed good inhibition of CHIKV infection and reduced virus production by approximately 3log10 with a 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 77 μM without cytotoxicity. Time-of-addition and RNA transfection studies showed that andrographolide affected CHIKV replication and the activity of andrographolide was shown to be cell type independent. This study suggests that andrographolide has the potential to be developed further as an anti-CHIKV therapeutic agent.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Phitchayapak
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wintachai
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Parveen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Regina Ching Hua
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Suwipa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramphan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Atichat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuadkitkan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Nitwara
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wikan
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.|Center for Emerging and Neglected Infectious Diseases, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sukathida
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ubol
authors.affiliation: National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sittiruk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roytrakul
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Justin Jang Hann
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.|Center for Emerging and Neglected Infectious Diseases, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Duncan R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D035685:Andrographis / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D065632:Chikungunya Fever / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D002646:Chikungunya virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006224:Cricetinae; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018628:Gene Dosage / Q000187:drug effects; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D012367:RNA, Viral; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004224:Diterpenes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012367:RNA, Viral; C030419:andrographolide