title: Skeletal muscle fiber characteristics and oxidative capacity in hemiparetic stroke survivors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Skeletal muscle is changed after stroke, but conflicting data exist concerning muscle morphology and oxidative enzyme capacity.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 36 chronic stroke patients bilateral rectus femoris muscle biopsies were analyzed, and fiber type proportions and cross-sectional areas were determined by ATPase histochemistry. Enzymatic concentrations of citrate synthase (CS) and 3-Hydroxyacyl-coenzymeA-dehydrogenase (HAD) were determined using freeze-dried muscle tissue. Findings were correlated with clinical outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the paretic muscles the mean fiber area was smaller (P = 0.0004), and a lower proportion of type 1 fibers (P = 0.0016) and a higher proportion of type 2X fibers (P = 0.0002) were observed. The paretic muscle had lower CS (P = 0.013) and HAD concentrations (P = 0.037). Mean fiber area correlated with muscle strength (r = 0.43; P = 0.041), and CS concentration correlated with aerobic capacity (r = 0.47; P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In stroke survivors there is a phenotypic shift toward more fatigable muscle fibers with reduced oxidative enzymatic capacity that relates to clinical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kaare
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Severinsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Section of Sport Science Aarhus University, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ulrik
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dalgas
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Section of Sport Science Aarhus University, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Overgaard
authors.affiliation: Hammel Neurorehabilitation and Research Centre, Aarhus University, Denmark.
authors.forename: Asger R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.affiliation: University of Southern Denmark, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Muscle Research Cluster (SMRC), Odense, Denmark and Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences Mid Sweden University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ørtenblad
authors.affiliation: VIA University College, Campus Aarhus N, Denmark.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.
authors.forename: Johannes K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Jakobsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D015094:3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D009929:Organ Size; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010291:Paresis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010641:Phenotype; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020521:Stroke / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D015094:3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase
keywords: histological techniques [E01.370.225.750]; immunohistochemistry [E01.370.225.750.551.512]; motor activity [G11.427.590.530.698]; muscle fibers; paresis [C10.597.636]; skeletal [A10.690.552.500.500]; staining and labeling [E01.370.225.500.620.670]; stroke [C10.228.140.300.775]