title: Interferon-gamma Immunotherapy in a Patient With Refractory Disseminated Candidiasis.
abstract: Despite advances in supportive care and novel antifungal agents, mortality caused by invasive Candida infection is high. A 3-year-old boy with disseminated Candida dubliniensis infection during induction chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia deteriorated despite resolution of neutropenia and appropriate antifungal treatment. Monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR expression was extremely low, suggesting immunoparalysis. Adjuvant immunotherapy with interferon-gamma restored the immune response, which was accompanied by clinical and radiographic recovery.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sophia Children's Hospital, §Department of Pediatric Oncology, and ¶Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Departments of †Internal Medicine and ‡Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RILMS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Emilie P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Buddingh
authors.forename: Jenneke
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leentjens
authors.forename: Jasper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Lugt
authors.forename: Willem A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Dik
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Gresnigt
authors.forename: Mihai G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Netea
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pickkers
authors.forename: Gertjan J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Driessen
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D060828:Induction Chemotherapy; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007938:Leukemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D007371:Interferon-gamma