title: Carbazole Scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products: A Review from 2010-2015.
abstract: 9H-carbazole is an aromatic molecule that is tricyclic in nature, with two benzene rings fused onto a 5-membered pyrrole ring. Obtained from natural sources or by synthetic routes, this scaffold has gained much interest due to its wide range of biological activity upon modifications, including antibacterial, antimalarial, anticancer, and anti-Alzheimer properties. This review reports a survey of the literature on carbazole-containing molecules and their medicinal activities from 2010 through 2015. In particular, we focus on their in vitro and in vivo activities and summarize structure-activity relationships (SAR), mechanisms of action, and/or cytotoxicity/selectivity findings when available to provide future guidance for the development of clinically useful agents from this template.
authors.forename: Lissa S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gündisch
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Dr., Hilo, HI 96720, USA. dianqing@hawaii.edu.
authors.forename: Dianqing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D001688:Biological Products / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000962:Antimalarials; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D002227:Carbazoles; C041514:carbazole