title: Abnormal distribution of AQP5 in labial salivary glands is associated with poor saliva secretion in patients with Sjögren's syndrome including neuromyelitis optica complicated patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether aquaporins (AQPs) are involved in salivary gland dysfunction in patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) complicated with Sjögren's syndrome (SS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight primary SS (pSS) patients, four NMO spectrum disorder (NMOsd) patients complicated with SS (NMOsd-SS), and three control subjects were enrolled. Immunohistochemistry of labial salivary glands (LSGs) was performed to determine the expressions of AQP4, AQP5, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). In vitro expression of AQP5 was examined by Western blotting in cultured primary salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No expression of AQP4 was shown in all LSGs. AQP5 was clearly expressed in the all acini, but the predominant localization of AQP5 in the apical side was diminished in the patients with pSS or NMOsd-SS compared with the controls and tended to be even lower in NMOsd-SS than pSS. The abnormal localization of AQP5 was associated with poor saliva secretion. No difference was found in TNF-α expression in the LSGs between patients with pSS and NMOsd-SS. AQP5 expression of SGECs in vitro was not changed by TNF-α or interleukin-10.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that AQP5 but not AQP4 contributes to salivary secretion in patients with SS including those with NMO complicated with SS.
authors.affiliation: a Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurology , Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan .
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.affiliation: a Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurology , Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan .|b Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology , Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan .
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: b Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology , Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan .
authors.forename: Yoshiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horai
authors.affiliation: a Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurology , Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan .
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.affiliation: a Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurology , Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan .
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pathology , Nagasaki Prefecture Shimabara Hospital , Nagasaki , Japan .
authors.forename: Tomayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: d Department of Neurology , Yonezawa National Hospital , Yamagata , Japan , and.|e Department of Neurology , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Miyagi , Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: a Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurology , Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan .|b Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology , Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan .
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawakami
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D051401:Aquaporin 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D051402:Aquaporin 5 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009471:Neuromyelitis Optica / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D012470:Salivary Glands, Minor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D051401:Aquaporin 4; D051402:Aquaporin 5; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10
keywords: Aquaporin; Labial salivary glands; Neuromyelitis optica; Sjögren’s syndrome