title: Point-of-Sale Cigarette Marketing, Urge to Buy Cigarettes, and Impulse Purchases of Cigarettes: Results From a Population-Based Survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to examine the association of exposure to point-of-sale (POS) cigarette marketing for one's regular brand, as well as any brand of cigarettes, with the urge to buy cigarettes and frequency of impulse purchases of cigarettes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine hundred ninety-nine smokers in Omaha, Nebraska were interviewed via telephone. Cigarette marketing was measured by asking respondents questions about noticing pack displays, advertisements, and promotions such as discounts for their regular brand as well as any brand of cigarettes in their neighborhoods stores. We measured urge to buy cigarettes with the question "When you are in a store in your neighborhood that sells tobacco products, how often do you get an urge to buy cigarettes?" We measured frequency of impulse purchases of cigarettes with the question "When you are shopping in a store in your neighborhood for something other than cigarettes, how often do you decide to buy cigarettes?" We estimated ordinary least squares linear regression models to address the study aim.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher levels of POS marketing for one's regular brand and any brands of cigarettes were associated with more frequent urges to buy (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively) and impulse purchases of cigarettes (P = .01 and P = .013, respectively), after adjusting for covariates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to POS marketing for one's own brand of cigarette as well as any brand is associated with urges to buy and impulse purchases of cigarettes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Existing studies on the association of POS cigarette marketing with urge to buy and an impulse purchase of cigarettes only focus on cigarette pack displays, not on advertisements and promotions. Also, these studies make no distinction between marketing for the smokers' regular brand and any brand of cigarettes. This study found that Exposure to POS marketing for one's own brand of cigarette as well as any brand is associated with urges to buy and impulse purchases of cigarettes. Our findings can provide part of the evidence-base needed by the Food and Drug Administration or local authorities to regulate POS marketing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE;
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siahpush
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; raees.shaikh@unmc.edu.
authors.forename: Raees A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Shaikh
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY;
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hyland
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY;
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE;
authors.forename: Asia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sikora Kessler
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE;
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meza
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT;
authors.forename: Neng
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wakefield
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003132:Commerce; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior; D008297:Male; D040541:Marketing / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009329:Nebraska; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012907:Smoking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013689:Telephone; D019460:Tobacco Industry; D062789:Tobacco Products; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration; D055815:Young Adult