title: The effects of erythropoietin, dextran and saline on brain edema and lipid peroxidation in experimental head trauma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of erythropoietin, dextran/saline and erythropoietin in combination with dextran/saline on brain edema and lipid peroxidation following traumatic brain injury in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the study, 40 male 3-month-old albino Wistar rats, weighing 250-340 g, were divided into four groups, each consisting of ten rats. Traumatic brain injury was induced in all rats by the weight-drop method, and erythropoietin (5,000 U/kg) and/or dextran and saline (8 ml/kg) solutions were injected intraperitoneally ten minutes after trauma. Control animals received an equal volume of serum physiologic. All rats were sacrificed 24 hours later. Glutathione peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde levels were measured in the left hemisphere, and edema was quantitated by the wet-dry method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Brain edema and the levels of malondialdehyde, the last product of lipid peroxidation in tissues, were decreased variably, and the activity of glutathione peroxidase, an antioxidant enzyme, was increased in others compared with the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, it was concluded that the brain edema that developed in rats on which head trauma was induced and the secondary brain damage caused by oxidative stress could be deceased using a combination of erythropoietin, dextran, and saline.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Hatay, Turkey. kaganbasarslan@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Seyit Kağan
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Başarslan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cüneyt
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Göçmez
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kağan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamaşak
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Şevket Yılmaz Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ekici
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Halil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ulutabanca
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tekten Private Hospital, Denizli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yurdaer
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Doğu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Menkü
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D003911:Dextrans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal / Q000662:veterinary; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; D004338:Drug Combinations; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C049389:dextran - saline drug combination; D004921:Erythropoietin; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase