title: High prevalence and incidence of HIV-1 in a counseling and testing center in the city of Itajaí, Brazil.
abstract: Itajaí is a port city in southern Brazil with one of the highest incidence and mortality rates from AIDS in the country. The prevalence and incidence of HIV infection were investigated in 1085 of 3196 new HIV-1 infection cases evaluated in the counseling and testing center of Itajaí from January 2002 to August 2008. Recent infections were assessed using the BED™, and pol region sequencing was performed in 76 samples. The prevalence ranged from 3.08% to 6.17% among women and from 10.26% to 17.36% among men. A total of 17% of infections were classified as recent, with annual incidence varying from 1.6% to 4.8 per 100 patient/year among women and from 2.05% to 8.5 per 100 patient/year among men. Pol sequences were obtained from 38 randomly recent infections selected individuals: 71% were infected by subtype C, 24% B, 2% D, and 2% F1. Among 38 subjects with established infection, 76% were subtype C, and 24% B. Transmitted drug resistance was detected in 18.4% of recent infection subjects (7.8% to nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, 5.2% to non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, and 5.2% protease inhibitors) and 5.2% of subjects with established infection had nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitors resistance. The high prevalence and incidence of HIV infection in this region is unprecedented in studies involving cases evaluated in the counseling and testing centers in Brazil.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gorki
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grinberg
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leila Bertoni
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Giron
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajai, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosalie Kupka
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Knoll
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Galinskas
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Muhammad Shoaib
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Arif
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sadia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Samer
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Microbiology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Mario Ramos
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Janini
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Cecilia Araripe
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Sucupira
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: rsdiaz@catg.com.br.
authors.forename: Ricardo Sobhie
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Diaz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003376:Counseling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution
keywords: Brazil; HIV subtype; Recent HIV infection; Transmitted drug resistance