title: The systemic kainic acid rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy: Long-term EEG monitoring.
abstract: Animal models reproducing the characteristics of human epilepsy are essential for the elucidation of the pathophysiological mechanisms. In epilepsy research there is ongoing debate on whether the epileptogenic process is a continuous process rather than a step function. The aim of this study was to assess progression of epileptogenesis over the long term and to evaluate possible correlations between SE duration and severity with the disease progression in the kainic acid model. Rats received repeated KA injections (5mg/kg) until a self-sustained SE was elicited. Continuous depth EEG recording started before KA injection and continued for 30 weeks. Mean seizure rate progression could be expressed as a sigmoid function and increased from 1 ± 0.2 seizures per day during the second week after SE to 24.4 ± 6.4 seizures per day during week 30. Seizure rate progressed to a plateau phase 122 ± 9 days after SE. However, the individual seizure rate during this plateau phase varied between 14.5 seizures and 48.6 seizures per day. A circadian rhythm in seizure occurrence was observed in all rats. Histological characterization of damage to the dentate gyrus in the KA treated rats confirmed the presence of astrogliosis and aberrant mossy fiber sprouting in the dentate gyrus. This long-term EEG monitoring study confirms that epileptogenesis is a continuous process rather than a step function.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, and Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: Bregt.vannieuwenhuyse@ugent.be.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Van Nieuwenhuyse
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, and Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: Robrecht.Raedt@ugent.be.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raedt
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, and Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: mathieu.sprengers@ugent.be.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sprengers
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, and Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: ine.dauwe@uzgent.be.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dauwe
authors.affiliation: Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: stefanie.gadeyne@uzgent.be.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gadeyne
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, and Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carrette
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, and Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: Jdelbeke@gmail.com.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delbeke
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, and Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: wjwadman@gmail.com.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Wadman
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, and Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: paul.boon@ugent.be.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boon
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, and Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: kristl.vonck@ugent.be.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vonck
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D058256:Brain Waves / Q000187:drug effects*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000139:chemically induced*; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000633:toxicity*; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D007608:Kainic Acid
keywords: animal model; kainic acid; long-term EEG monitoring; seizures; temporal lobe epilepsy