title: Ending the use of animals in toxicity testing and risk evaluation.
abstract: This article discusses the use of animals for the safety testing of chemicals, including pharmaceuticals, household products, pesticides, and industrial chemicals. It reviews changes in safety testing technology and what those changes mean from the perspective of industrial innovation, public policy and public health, economics, and ethics. It concludes that the continuing use of animals for chemical safety testing should end within the decade as cheaper, quicker, and more predictive technologies are developed and applied.
authors.forename: Andrew N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Rowan
mesh_terms: D032761:Animal Experimentation / Q000941:ethics*; D000826:Animal Testing Alternatives / Q000941:ethics; D000818:Animals; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D006795:Household Products / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000941:ethics; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000941:ethics*
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides
keywords: use of animals in testing household products; use of animals in testing industrial chemicals; use of animals in testing pesticides; use of animals in testing pharmaceuticals