title: Callous-unemotional traits in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  People with callous-unemotional traits and also those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) display sociocognitive difficulties. However, the frequency and neurocognitive correlates of callous-unemotional traits within individuals with ASD are unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of callous-unemotional traits in individuals with ASD and test their association with behavioural and cognitive measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents of 92 adolescents with ASD completed the Antisocial Processes Screening Device (APSD) for callous-unemotional traits. Adolescents participated in tasks of emotion recognition, theory of mind and cognitive flexibility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total 51% (n = 47) scored above a cut-off expected to identify the top 6% on the APSD. Of these 17% (n = 8) had concurrent conduct problems. Regression analyses found callous-unemotional traits were associated with specific impairment in fear recognition but not with theory of mind or cognitive flexibility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescents with ASD show high rates of callous-unemotional traits but, unlike in the general population, these are not strongly associated with conduct problems. The relationship of callous-unemotional traits to impairments in fear recognition suggests similar affective difficulties as in individuals with callous-unemotional traits without ASD.
authors.affiliation: Virginia Carter Leno, BSc, MSc, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London; Tony Charman, PhD, Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London; Andrew Pickles, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London; Catherine R. G. Jones, PhD, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Gillian Baird, FRCPCH, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Newcomen Centre, London; Francesca Happé, PhD, MRC SDGP Centre, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London; Emily Simonoff, MD, FRCPsych, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, London, UK virginia.m.carter_leno@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Carter Leno
authors.affiliation: Virginia Carter Leno, BSc, MSc, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London; Tony Charman, PhD, Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London; Andrew Pickles, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London; Catherine R. G. Jones, PhD, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Gillian Baird, FRCPCH, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Newcomen Centre, London; Francesca Happé, PhD, MRC SDGP Centre, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London; Emily Simonoff, MD, FRCPsych, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, London, UK.
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Charman
authors.affiliation: Virginia Carter Leno, BSc, MSc, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London; Tony Charman, PhD, Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London; Andrew Pickles, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London; Catherine R. G. Jones, PhD, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Gillian Baird, FRCPCH, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Newcomen Centre, London; Francesca Happé, PhD, MRC SDGP Centre, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London; Emily Simonoff, MD, FRCPsych, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, London, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pickles
authors.affiliation: Virginia Carter Leno, BSc, MSc, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London; Tony Charman, PhD, Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London; Andrew Pickles, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London; Catherine R. G. Jones, PhD, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Gillian Baird, FRCPCH, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Newcomen Centre, London; Francesca Happé, PhD, MRC SDGP Centre, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London; Emily Simonoff, MD, FRCPsych, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, London, UK.
authors.forename: Catherine R G
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Virginia Carter Leno, BSc, MSc, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London; Tony Charman, PhD, Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London; Andrew Pickles, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London; Catherine R. G. Jones, PhD, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Gillian Baird, FRCPCH, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Newcomen Centre, London; Francesca Happé, PhD, MRC SDGP Centre, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London; Emily Simonoff, MD, FRCPsych, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, London, UK.
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baird
authors.affiliation: Virginia Carter Leno, BSc, MSc, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London; Tony Charman, PhD, Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London; Andrew Pickles, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London; Catherine R. G. Jones, PhD, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Gillian Baird, FRCPCH, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Newcomen Centre, London; Francesca Happé, PhD, MRC SDGP Centre, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London; Emily Simonoff, MD, FRCPsych, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, London, UK.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Happé
authors.affiliation: Virginia Carter Leno, BSc, MSc, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London; Tony Charman, PhD, Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London; Andrew Pickles, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London; Catherine R. G. Jones, PhD, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Gillian Baird, FRCPCH, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Newcomen Centre, London; Francesca Happé, PhD, MRC SDGP Centre, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London; Emily Simonoff, MD, FRCPsych, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, London, UK.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Simonoff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009289:Narcissism; D010290:Parents; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014145:Trail Making Test; D006113:United Kingdom