title: Musical intervention and food preferences in girls born with lower birth weight.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children born after intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), especially girls, show an increased intake of palatable foods in several developmental stages, which likely contributes to their increased risk for obesity later. Recently, neuroimaging studies suggested that musical exposure activates the mesolimbic region, which is also involved in the processing of food rewards.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the impact of musical intervention in mother/infant pairs on feeding behavior during childhood with regard to birth weight.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 28 children exposed to a structured musical intervention in early life were invited for an anthropometric and nutritional evaluation, and were compared to a communitarian age-matched sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  A series of general linear models adjusted for socioeconomic status and maternal education were constructed to evaluate the interaction between music exposure, birth weight, and sex on the consumption of different types of foods, measured using a food frequency questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was an interaction between birth weight, sex, and musical intervention on the consumption of sugar during childhood (Wald=7.87, df=2, p=0.02); control participants consumed more sugar as birth weight decreased (B=-8.673, p<0.0001). No such effect was found for the girls exposed to musical intervention (B=3.352, p=0.15) or for boys (exposed B=2.870, p=0.44; non-exposed B=3.706, p=0.236). The absence of other effects suggests that this finding is specific for sweet foods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early music intervention in mother/infant pairs may moderate the effects of IUGR on palatable food preference in girls.
authors.affiliation: PPG Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-903, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cláudia Lopes
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Braga
authors.affiliation: PPG Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-903, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruna Luciano
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Farias
authors.affiliation: PPG Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-903, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberta Sena
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Fundação de Economia e Estatística - FEE, Rua Duque de Caxias, 1691, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90010-283, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Agranonik
authors.affiliation: PPG Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-903, Brazil. Electronic address: 00032386@ufrgs.br.
authors.forename: Patrícia Pelufo
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Silveira
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight / Q000523:psychology*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009146:Music / Q000523:psychology*; D009147:Music Therapy
keywords: Appetite; DOHaD; IUGR; Music