title: Reduced acquisition times in whole body bone scintigraphy using a noise-reducing Pixon®-algorithm-a qualitative evaluation study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reducing scan-time while maintaining sufficient image quality is a common issue in nuclear medicine diagnostics. This matter can be addressed by different post-processing methods such as Pixon® image processing. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if a commercially available noise-reducing Pixon-algorithm applied on whole body bone scintigraphy acquired with half the standard scan-time could provide the same clinical information as full scan-time non-processed images.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients were administered with 500 MBq (99m)Tc-diphosphonate and scanned on a Siemens Symbia T16 system. Each patient was first imaged using a standard clinical protocol and subsequently imaged using a protocol with half the standard scan-time. Half-time images were processed using a commercially available software package, Enhanced Planar Processing, from Siemens. All images were anonymized and visually evaluated with regard to clinically relevant lesion detectability by three experienced nuclear medicine physicians. The result of this evaluation was grouped into four BMI intervals to investigate the performance of the algorithm with regard to different patient size. Also, a comparison study was performed where the physicians compared the standard image and the processed half-time image corresponding to the same patient with regard to lesion detectability, image noise, and artifacts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that 93 % of the processed half-time images and 98 % of the standard images were rated as sufficient or good with regard to lesion detectability. The processed half-time images were predominately considered sufficient (65 %), whereas the majority of the standard images were graded as good (83 %). The performance of the algorithm was unaffected by patient size as the average grading of all half-time processed images was constant independent of patient BMI. The comparison study showed that the standard images were rated superior with regard to lesion detectability, image noise, and artifacts, in 32, 65, and 23 % of the evaluations, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that the Pixon Enhanced Planar Processing does not fully compensate for the loss of counts associated with reducing the scan-time in half for whole body bone scintigraphies. The findings showed that implementing the Pixon-algorithm on images acquired with half the acquisition time in overall provide sufficient clinical information regardless of patient size. The half-time processed images were predominantly graded lower in comparison to images acquired with full time protocols, and a less aggressive reduction in scan-time is therefore recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden. oscar.ardenfors@karolinska.se.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ardenfors
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden. ulrika.svanholm@ltkalmar.se.
authors.forename: Ulrika
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Svanholm
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden. hans.jacobsson@karolinska.se.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jacobsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden. patricia.sandqvist@karolinska.se.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sandqvist
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden. per.gryback@karolinska.se.
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grybäck
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden. cathrine.jonsson@karolinska.se.
authors.forename: Cathrine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jonsson
keywords: Half-time scanning; Pixon-algorithm; Planar imaging; Visual grading; Whole body bone scintigraphy