title: Complex genome evolution in Anopheles coluzzii associated with increased insecticide usage in Mali.
abstract: In certain cases, a species may have access to important genetic variation present in a related species via adaptive introgression. These novel alleles may interact with their new genetic background, resulting in unexpected phenotypes. In this study, we describe a selective sweep on standing variation on the X chromosome in the mosquito Anopheles coluzzii, a principal malaria vector in West Africa. This event may have been influenced by the recent adaptive introgression of the insecticide resistance gene known as kdr from the sister species Anopheles gambiae. Individuals carrying both kdr and a nearly fixed X-linked haplotype, encompassing at least four genes including the P450 gene CYP9K1 and the cuticular protein CPR125, have rapidly increased in relative frequency. In parallel, a reproductively isolated insecticide-susceptible A. gambiae population (Bamako form) has been driven to local extinction, likely due to strong selection from increased insecticide-treated bed net usage.
authors.affiliation: Vector Genetics Laboratory, UC Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr, 4225 VM3B, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.|Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, UC Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr, 4225 VM3B, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Bradley J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Main
authors.affiliation: Vector Genetics Laboratory, UC Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr, 4225 VM3B, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.|Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, UC Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr, 4225 VM3B, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Yoosook
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Vector Genetics Laboratory, UC Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr, 4225 VM3B, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.|Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, UC Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr, 4225 VM3B, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Travis C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.affiliation: Vector Genetics Laboratory, UC Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr, 4225 VM3B, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.|Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, UC Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr, 4225 VM3B, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Laura C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brisco
authors.affiliation: Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Bamako, BP 1805, Bamako, Mali.
authors.forename: Abdrahamane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fofana
authors.affiliation: Vector Genetics Laboratory, UC Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr, 4225 VM3B, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.|Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cornel
authors.affiliation: Vector Genetics Laboratory, UC Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr, 4225 VM3B, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.|Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, UC Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr, 4225 VM3B, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Lanzaro
mesh_terms: D000220:Adaptation, Biological / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000235:genetics*; D056915:DNA Copy Number Variations; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D015723:Gene Library; D017344:Genes, Insect; D005828:Genetics, Population; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D007306:Insecticides; D008302:Mali; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides
keywords: Anopheles; P450; adaptive introgression; epistasis; hybridization; insecticide resistance; kdr; malaria vector