title: Bioaccumulation and Elimination of the Herbicide Clomazone in the Earthworms Eisenia fetida.
abstract: Acute toxicity, bioaccumulation, and elimination of herbicide clomazone in the earthworm Eisenia fetida were investigated in the different exposure systems. The LC50 values of clomazone on earthworms were 5.6 μg cm(-2) in the contact filter paper test (48 h), 174.9 mg kg(-1) (7 days) and 123.4 mg kg(-1) (14 days) in artificial soil test, respectively. Clomazone could rapidly bioaccumulate in earthworms and reached the highest concentration after 3 days exposure, with the maximum concentrations of 9.0, 35.3 and 142.3 mg kg(-1) at 10.0, 40.0 and 160.0 mg kg(-1) of clomazone, respectively. Clomazone uptake showed a good correlation with exposure concentration. After the 14th day, clomazone declined to minimum value. About 74%-80% of accumulated clomazone was eliminated within 1 day after exposed to clomazone-free soil. However, a trace amount of clomazone persisted for a relatively long time in earthworms.
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.|Haikou Key Laboratory of Environment Toxicology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.|College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Bioscience and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
authors.forename: Qing X
authors.initials: QX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.|Haikou Key Laboratory of Environment Toxicology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
authors.forename: Pengfei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China. diaoxip@hainu.edu.cn.|Haikou Key Laboratory of Environment Toxicology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China. diaoxip@hainu.edu.cn.|College of Plant Protection and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China. diaoxip@hainu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Diao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D007555:Isoxazoles; D023303:Oxazolidinones; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C095255:clomazone
keywords: Acute toxicity; Clomazone; Earthworm; Pesticide residue