title: Purinergic signaling during macrophage differentiation results in M2 alternative activated macrophages.
abstract: Macrophages represent a highly heterogenic cell population of the innate immune system, with important roles in the initiation and resolution of the inflammatory response. Purinergic signaling regulates both M1 and M2 macrophage function at different levels by controlling the secretion of cytokines, phagocytosis, and the production of reactive oxygen species. We found that extracellular nucleotides arrest macrophage differentiation from bone marrow precursors via adenosine and P2 receptors. This results in a mature macrophage with increased expression of M2, but not M1, genes. Similar to adenosine and ATP, macrophage growth arrested with LPS treatment resulted in an increase of the M2-related marker Ym1. Recombinant Ym1 was able to affect macrophage proliferation and could, potentially, be involved in the arrest of macrophage growth during hematopoiesis.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Inflamación Molecular y Cirugía Experimental, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barberà-Cremades
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Inflamación Molecular y Cirugía Experimental, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baroja-Mazo
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Inflamación Molecular y Cirugía Experimental, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain pablo.pelegrin@ffis.es.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pelegrín
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D037102:Lectins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D038042:Myelopoiesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010641:Phenotype; D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058910:Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000502:physiology*; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000502:physiology*; D058486:Receptors, Purinergic P2X7 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000172:deficiency / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D001619:beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D037102:Lectins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C546469:P2rx7 protein, mouse; D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; D058910:Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D058486:Receptors, Purinergic P2X7; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C482199:lipopolysaccharide, E coli O55-B5; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; C429541:Chil3 protein, mouse; D001619:beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases; D000225:Adenine
keywords: Ym1; adenosine; adenosine receptors; extracellular ATP; purinergic receptors