title: Effects of integrated interventions on transmission risk and care continuum outcomes in persons living with HIV: meta-analysis, 1996-2014.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reducing HIV infection and improving outcomes along the continuum of HIV care are high priorities of the US National HIV/AIDS strategy. Interventions that target multiple problem behaviors simultaneously in an integrated approach (referred to as integrated interventions) may improve prevention and care outcomes of persons living with HIV (PLWH). This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the effects of integrated interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review, including both electronic and hand searches, was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 1996 and 2014 that were designed to target at least two of the following behaviors among PLWH: HIV transmission risk behaviors, HIV care engagement, and medication adherence. Effect sizes were meta-analyzed using random-effects models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Integrated interventions significantly reduced sex without condoms [odds ratio (OR) = 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.59, 0.94, P = 0.013, 13 effect sizes] and had marginally significant effects on improving medication adherence behaviors (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 0.98, 1.85, P = 0.063, 12 effect sizes) and undetectable viral load (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 0.93, 2.27, P = 0.098, seven effect sizes). Significant intervention effects on at least two outcomes were seen in RCTs tailored to individual needs, delivered one on one, or in settings wherein PLWH received services or care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Integrated interventions produced some favorable prevention and care continuum outcomes in PLWH. How to incorporate integrated interventions with other combination HIV prevention strategies to reach the optimal impact requires further research.
authors.affiliation: Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Crepaz
authors.forename: Brittney N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Baack
authors.forename: Darrel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Higa
authors.forename: Mary M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mullins
mesh_terms: D003266:Continuity of Patient Care; D019033:Delivery of Health Care, Integrated; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D055118:Medication Adherence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012309:Risk-Taking; D014481:United States