title: Photoelectron diffraction from laser-aligned molecules with X-ray free-electron laser pulses.
abstract: We report on the measurement of deep inner-shell 2p X-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) patterns from laser-aligned I2 molecules using X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulses. The XPD patterns of the I2 molecules, aligned parallel to the polarization vector of the XFEL, were well matched with our theoretical calculations. Further, we propose a criterion for applying our molecular-structure-determination methodology to the experimental XPD data. In turn, we have demonstrated that this approach is a significant step toward the time-resolved imaging of molecular structures.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.affiliation: College of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Teramoto
authors.affiliation: Quantum Beam Science Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akagi
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujikawa
authors.affiliation: Quantum Science and Engineering Center, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Majima
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichirou
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minemoto
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.
authors.forename: Kanade
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.affiliation: Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Togashi
authors.affiliation: Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan.
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tono
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: Shota
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuru
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.
authors.forename: Makina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yabashi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yagishita