title: Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Fixed with Remineralizing Adhesive Systems after Simulating One Year of Orthodontic Treatment.
abstract: The objective of this study is to assess, in vitro, the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets fixed with remineralizing adhesive systems submitted to thermomechanical cycling, simulating one year of orthodontic treatment. Sixty-four bovine incisor teeth were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups (n = 16): XT: Transbond XT, QC: Quick Cure, OL: Ortholite Color, and SEP: Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer. The samples were submitted to thermomechanical cycling simulating one year of orthodontic treatment. Shear bond strength tests were carried out using a universal testing machine with a load cell of 50 KgF at 0.5 mm/minute. The samples were examined with a stereomicroscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in order to analyze enamel surface and Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney (with Bonferroni correction) tests showed a significant difference between the studied groups (p < 0.05). Groups XT, QC, and SEP presented the highest values of adhesive resistance and no statistical differences were found between them. The highest frequency of failures between enamel and adhesive was observed in groups XT, QC, and OL. Quick Cure (QC) remineralizing adhesive system presented average adhesive resistance values similar to conventional (XT) and self-etching (SEP) adhesives, while remineralizing system (OL) provided the lowest values of adhesive resistance.
authors.affiliation: CEUMA University, Josué Montello 01, Renascença II, 65.075-120 São Luís, MA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gisele Lima
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Bezerra
authors.affiliation: São Paulo State University, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, 12245-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Rocha Gomes
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: University of Cuiaba, Beira Rio 3100, Jardim Europa, 78065-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mateus Rodrigues
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Tonetto
authors.affiliation: University of Cuiaba, Beira Rio 3100, Jardim Europa, 78065-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alvaro Henrique
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.affiliation: São Paulo State University, Rua Humaita 1680, 14803-901 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Milton Carlos
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kuga
authors.affiliation: CEUMA University, Josué Montello 01, Renascença II, 65.075-120 São Luís, MA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Matheus Coelho
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bandeca
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses 1966, 65080-805 São Luis, MA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leily Macedo
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Firoozmand
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D007180:Incisor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery; D008422:Materials Testing; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000494:pharmacology*; D033081:Shear Strength / Q000187:drug effects; D013499:Surface Properties; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; D014014:Tissue Adhesives; C429625:Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer; C477790:Transbond XT