title: Resistance of Rice Varieties to the Stored-Product Insect, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).
abstract: Four common Portuguese rice varieties--Thaibonnet, Gladio, Albatros, and Eurosis--were tested for their relative susceptibility to Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, a common pest of stored rice in Portugal and in tropical countries. Physical (moisture content, hardness, length, and width) and chemical (by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) properties of rice kernels were measured. Insect bioassays measured median developmental time, Dobie's index of susceptibility, percentage of damaged grains and weight loss, and progeny developed. This was done for paddy, brown rice, and polished rice for each variety. There were small, but significant, differences in insect resistance among the varieties. However, it was different for paddy and polished rice. In paddy, these differences were correlated with hull damage, and Eurosis was the most susceptible variety. In polished rice, resistance was correlated with hardness, and Thaibonnet was the most susceptible variety. In general, paddy rice was more resistant to insect attack, followed by polished rice and then brown rice. Paddy kernels selected with undamaged hull were completely resistant to attack. Implications for IPM and breeding for resistant varieties are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal (catarinantunes84@gmail.com; arlindolima@isa.utl.pt; gracafragabarros@hotmail.com; lbeirao@isa.utl.pt; jocarod@isa.utl.pt; mjsantos@iict.pt; amcorreia@isa.utl.pt; motiliac@netcabo.pt).
authors.forename: Catarina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.affiliation: Agri4Safe/Biotrop; Instituto de Investigação Cientifica Tropical, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal (raquelgmendes@gmail.com).
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.affiliation: Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal (catarinantunes84@gmail.com; arlindolima@isa.utl.pt; gracafragabarros@hotmail.com; lbeirao@isa.utl.pt; jocarod@isa.utl.pt; mjsantos@iict.pt; amcorreia@isa.utl.pt; motiliac@netcabo.pt).
authors.forename: Arlindo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal (catarinantunes84@gmail.com; arlindolima@isa.utl.pt; gracafragabarros@hotmail.com; lbeirao@isa.utl.pt; jocarod@isa.utl.pt; mjsantos@iict.pt; amcorreia@isa.utl.pt; motiliac@netcabo.pt).
authors.forename: Graça
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Biosystems Engineering, Room E2-376, Engineering, Information and Technology Complex, 75A Chancellor's Circle, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6 Canada (pfields@agr.gc.ca).
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fields
authors.affiliation: Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal (catarinantunes84@gmail.com; arlindolima@isa.utl.pt; gracafragabarros@hotmail.com; lbeirao@isa.utl.pt; jocarod@isa.utl.pt; mjsantos@iict.pt; amcorreia@isa.utl.pt; motiliac@netcabo.pt).
authors.forename: Luísa Beirão
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Da Costa
authors.affiliation: Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal (catarinantunes84@gmail.com; arlindolima@isa.utl.pt; gracafragabarros@hotmail.com; lbeirao@isa.utl.pt; jocarod@isa.utl.pt; mjsantos@iict.pt; amcorreia@isa.utl.pt; motiliac@netcabo.pt), Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal (jocarod@isa.utl.pt).
authors.forename: José Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal (catarinantunes84@gmail.com; arlindolima@isa.utl.pt; gracafragabarros@hotmail.com; lbeirao@isa.utl.pt; jocarod@isa.utl.pt; mjsantos@iict.pt; amcorreia@isa.utl.pt; motiliac@netcabo.pt).
authors.forename: Maria José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal (catarinantunes84@gmail.com; arlindolima@isa.utl.pt; gracafragabarros@hotmail.com; lbeirao@isa.utl.pt; jocarod@isa.utl.pt; mjsantos@iict.pt; amcorreia@isa.utl.pt; motiliac@netcabo.pt).
authors.forename: Augusto Manuel
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Correia
authors.affiliation: Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal (catarinantunes84@gmail.com; arlindolima@isa.utl.pt; gracafragabarros@hotmail.com; lbeirao@isa.utl.pt; jocarod@isa.utl.pt; mjsantos@iict.pt; amcorreia@isa.utl.pt; motiliac@netcabo.pt), Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Unit (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal (motiliac@netcabo.pt), and motiliac@netcabo.pt.
authors.forename: Maria Otilia
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000898:Antibiosis; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D061353:Food Storage; D008297:Male; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D048889:Weevils / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: ATR-FTIR; Sitophilus zeamais; storage; susceptibility; variety