title: Food Habits, Lifestyle Factors and Mortality among Oldest Old Chinese: The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS).
abstract: There are few studies reporting the association between lifestyle and mortality among the oldest old in developing countries. We examined the association between food habits, lifestyle factors and all-cause mortality in the oldest old (≥80 years) using data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). In 1998/99, 8959 participants aged 80 years and older took part in the baseline survey. Follow-up surveys were conducted every two to three years until 2011. Food habits were assessed using an in-person interview. Deaths were ascertained from family members during follow-up. Cox and Laplace regression were used to assess the association between food habits, lifestyle factors and mortality risk. There were 6626 deaths during 31,926 person-years of follow-up. Type of staple food (rice or wheat) was not associated with mortality. Daily fruit and vegetable intake was inversely associated with a higher mortality risk (hazard ratios (HRs): 0.85 (95% CI (confidence interval) 0.77-0.92), and 0.74 (0.66-0.83) for daily intake of fruit and vegetables, respectively). There was a positive association between intake of salt-preserved vegetables and mortality risk (consumers had about 10% increase of HR for mortality). Fruit and vegetable consumption were inversely, while intake of salt-preserved vegetables positively, associated with mortality risk among the oldest old. Undertaking physical activity is beneficial for the prevention of premature death.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, the University of Adelaide, Level 7 SAHMRI, North Terrace, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia. zumin.shi@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Zumin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China. tuohongzhang@126.com.
authors.forename: Tuohong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Priority Research Centre for Gender, Health and Ageing, School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW 2305, Australia. julie.byles@newcastle.edu.au.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Byles
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, the University of Adelaide, Level 7 SAHMRI, North Terrace, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia. sean.martin@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, the University of Adelaide, Level 7 SAHMRI, North Terrace, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia. jodie.avery@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Jodie C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Avery
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, the University of Adelaide, Level 7 SAHMRI, North Terrace, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia. anne.taylor@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Anne W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000208:ethnology*; D044466:Asian People; D002423:Cause of Death; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style / Q000208:ethnology*; D008136:Longevity; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D065840:Protective Factors; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary
keywords: Chinese; diet; elderly; lifestyle factors; longitudinal study; mortality