title: A herbivore-induced plant volatile interferes with host plant and mate location in moths through suppression of olfactory signalling pathways.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plants under herbivore attack release volatiles that attract natural enemies, and herbivores in turn avoid such plants. Whilst herbivore-induced plant volatile blends appeared to reduce the attractiveness of host plants to herbivores, the volatiles that are key in this process and particularly the way in which deterrence is coded in the olfactory system are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that herbivore-induced cotton volatiles suppress orientation of the moth Spodoptera littoralis to host plants and mates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), an induced volatile, is key in herbivore deterrence: DMNT suppressed plant odour- and pheromone-induced behaviours. We then dissected the neurophysiological basis of this interaction. DMNT-responding glomeruli were also activated by other plant compounds, suggesting that S. littoralis possesses no segregated olfactory circuit dedicated exclusively to DMNT. Instead, DMNT suppressed responses to the main pheromone component, (Z)-9-(E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, and primarily to (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, a host plant attractant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows that olfactory sensory inhibition, which has previously been reported without reference to an animal's ecology, can be at the core of coding of ecologically relevant odours. As DMNT attracts natural enemies and deters herbivores, it may be useful in the development or enhancement of push-pull strategies for sustainable agriculture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden. edhatano@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hatano
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden. saveer.ahmed@vanderbilt.edu.|Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA. saveer.ahmed@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Saveer
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden. felipe.borrero@slu.se.|Biological Control Laboratory, Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research, Km 14 via Mosquera-Bogotá, Mosquera, Colombia. felipe.borrero@slu.se.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Borrero-Echeverry
authors.affiliation: Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany. martin.strauch@lfb.rwth-aachen.de.|Present address: Institute of Imaging & Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University, Kopernikusstr. 16, 52074, Aachen, Germany. martin.strauch@lfb.rwth-aachen.de.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strauch
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden. zakirali@ciitvehari.edu.pk.|Present address: Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, Pakistan. zakirali@ciitvehari.edu.pk.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zakir
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden. marie.bengtsson@slu.se.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bengtsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden. rickard.ignell@slu.se.
authors.forename: Rickard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ignell
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden. peter.anderson@slu.se.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden. paul.becher@slu.se.
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Becher
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden. peter.witzgall@slu.se.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Witzgall
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden. teun.dekker@slu.se.
authors.forename: Teun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dekker
mesh_terms: D000475:Alkenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D060434:Herbivory / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009833:Olfactory Pathways / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009949:Orientation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018411:Spodoptera / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013729:Terpenes
chemical_list: D000475:Alkenes; C411254:4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene; D013729:Terpenes