title: Comparison of Monkeypox Virus Clade Kinetics and Pathology within the Prairie Dog Animal Model Using a Serial Sacrifice Study Design.
abstract: Monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection of the prairie dog is valuable to studying systemic orthopoxvirus disease. To further characterize differences in MPXV clade pathogenesis, groups of prairie dogs were intranasally infected (8 × 10(3) p.f.u.) with Congo Basin (CB) or West African (WA) MPXV, and 28 tissues were harvested on days 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 17, and 24 postinfection. Samples were evaluated for the presence of virus and gross and microscopic lesions. Virus was recovered from nasal mucosa, oropharyngeal lymph nodes, and spleen earlier in CB challenged animals (day 4) than WA challenged animals (day 6). For both groups, primary viremia (indicated by viral DNA) was seen on days 6-9 through day 17. CB MPXV spread more rapidly, accumulated to greater levels, and caused greater morbidity in animals compared to WA MPXV. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) findings, however, were similar. Two animals that succumbed to disease demonstrated abundant viral antigen in all organs tested, except for brain. Dual-IHC staining of select liver and spleen sections showed that apoptotic cells (identified by TUNEL) tended to colocalize with poxvirus antigen. Interestingly splenocytes were labelled positive for apoptosis more often than hepatocytes in both MPXV groups. These findings allow for further characterization of differences between MPXV clade pathogenesis, including identifying sites that are important during early viral replication and cellular response to viral infection.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA ; Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Christina L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hutson
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Darin S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gallardo-Romero
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Clifton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Drew
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Sherif R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Zaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Tamas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Victoria A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Jeanine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Nishi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Scott K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: M Shannon
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Keckler
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karem
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Inger K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Damon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000821:virology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000821:virology; D045908:Mpox, Monkeypox / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D008993:Monkeypox virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012589:Sciuridae / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D013154:Spleen / Q000821:virology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral