title: Developing the evidentiary basis for family medicine in the global context: The Besrour Papers: a series on the state of family medicine in the world.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide an overview of the main methodologic challenges to finding definitive evidence of the positive effects of family medicine and family medicine training on a global scale.
  In 2012, 2013, and 2014, the College of Family Physicians of Canada hosted the Besrour Conferences to reflect on its role in advancing the discipline of family medicine globally. The Besrour Papers Working Group, which was struck at the 2013 conference, was tasked with developing a series of papers to highlight the key issues, lessons learned, and outcomes emerging from the various activities of the Besrour collaboration. The working group comprised members of various academic departments of family medicine in Canada and abroad who attended the conferences.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a scoping review to determine the methodologic obstacles to understanding the positive effects of family medicine globally.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main obstacle to evaluating family medicine globally is that one of its core dimensions and assets is its local adaptability. Family medicine takes on very different roles in different health systems, making aggregation of data difficult. In many countries family medicine competes with other disciplines rather than performing a gatekeeping role. Further, most research that has been conducted thus far comes from industrialized contexts, and patient continuity and its benefits might not be achievable in the short term in developing countries when clinical demands are great. We must find frameworks to permit strengthening the evidentiary basis of the discipline across different contexts without sacrificing its beneficial adaptability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe that developing family medicine and its attributes is one of the keys to achieving global health. These attributes—including its comprehensiveness, adaptability, and attention to both local and patient needs—are key to advancing global health priorities, but make common evaluative frameworks for the discipline a challenge. The spread of family medicine over the past decades is indirect evidence of its utility, but we need to generate more evidence. We present some of the initial challenges to a broader and more rigorous evaluative framework.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ponka
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rouleau
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arya
authors.forename: Lynda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Redwood-Campbell
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Woollard
authors.forename: Basia
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Siedlecki
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dunikowski
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D003226:Congresses as Topic; D005194:Family Practice / Q000193:education*; D014943:Global Health / Q000639:trends*; D006292:Health Priorities; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D010821:Physicians, Family / Q000193:education*