title: Proteomics of pediatric heart failure: from traditional biomarkers to new discovery strategies.
abstract: Heart failure in children is a complex clinical syndrome with multiple aetiologies. The underlying disorders that lead to heart failure in children differ significantly from those in adults. Some clinical biomarkers for heart failure status and prognosis appear to be useful in both age groups. This review outlines the use and the present status of biomarkers for heart failure in paediatric cardiology. Furthermore, clinical scenarios in which development of new biomarkers might address management or prognosis are discussed. Finally, strategies for proteomic discovery of novel biomarkers and application to practice are described.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Pediatrics,Division of Cardiology,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,Baltimore,Maryland,United States of America.
authors.forename: Mingguo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Pediatrics,Division of Cardiology,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,Baltimore,Maryland,United States of America.
authors.forename: Genaro A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Ramirez-Correa
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Pediatrics,Division of Cardiology,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,Baltimore,Maryland,United States of America.
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D010372:Pediatrics; D011379:Prognosis; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Biomarker; heart failure; post-translational modification; proteomics