title: Psychometric Validation of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System in Chinese Patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System is a simple and widely used questionnaire to assess patient symptoms.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to develop and verify a Chinese version of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (C-ESAS) for use with Chinese patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred ten patients were surveyed in the Department of Gastroenterology of Xinqiao hospital in southwest China. Patients completed the C-ESAS and the Chinese version of the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory to assess internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity of the C-ESAS. The questionnaires were completed again two hours later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The C-ESAS demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.72). This indicated that no question had an inappropriate effect on the score. Pearson correlation coefficients for the C-ESAS symptom scores between baseline and after two hours ranged from 0.47 (95% CI, 0.35-0.89) to 0.92 (95% CI, 0.57-0.94), indicating strong test-retest reliability. The corresponding Chinese version of the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory symptom scores ranged from 0.66 (95% CI, 0.58-0.95) to 0.96 (95% CI, 0.73-0.97), indicating good concurrent validity. The average time to complete the C-ESAS differed according to patient education level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The C-ESAS is a good tool for measuring multidimensional symptoms in Chinese patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Yixue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Yuanyu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Hye
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: En
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA. Electronic address: ebruera@mdanderson.org.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bruera
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002681:China; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D063189:Symptom Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D014177:Translations; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Chinese; ESAS; concurrent validity; internal consistency; test-retest reliability