title: Cadmium exposure to murine macrophages decreases their inflammatory responses and increases their oxidative stress.
abstract: Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental contaminant that poses serious risks to human and wildlife health. The oxidative stress and inflammatory responses induced by Cd were evaluated in RAW264.7 cells. A significant decrease in the cell viability was observed in the group treated with 3 µM Cd for 24 h. The mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-1α (IL1α) and Interleukin-1β (IL1β) were generally increased or decreased by Cd exposure for 6 and 24 h, respectively. Moreover, pretreatment of the RAW264.7 cells with Cd for 24 h inhibited the transcriptional status of TNFα, IL6, IL1α and IL1β and the release of these cytokines in response to a 6-h lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the Cd exposure elicited oxidative stress not only by disturbing the transcriptional status of genes including superoxide dismutase (Sod), catalase (Cat), glutathione peroxidase(Gpx), glutathione S-transferase 1 a (Gst1a),
  quinone oxidoreductase 1(Nqo1), heme oxygenase 1(Ho-1) but also the enzyme activities of SOD, CAT and glutathione S-transferase (GST). The effects of Cd on the mRNA levels and activities of anti-oxidative enzymes were dependent on the exposure period and dose. These results suggested that Cd exposure generated oxidative stress and decreased the inflammatory responses in a murine macrophage cell line. Furthermore, oxidative stress may be a possible mechanism to explain the dysregulation of the immune function caused by heavy metals in this in vitro system.
authors.affiliation: College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
authors.forename: Yuanxiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
authors.forename: Songbin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Ocean, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
authors.forename: Rongjun
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
authors.forename: Guanliang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China. Electronic address: azwfu@zjut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhengwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002104:Cadmium; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase
keywords: Cadmium; Inflammatory response; Macrophage; Oxidative stress