title: Effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (cpp-acp) on caries-like lesions in terms of time and nano-hardness: An in vitro study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Time bound increase in the nanohardness of the enamel after remineralization with casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) in a regular interval of 1 h has not been explored in the literature to a greater extent.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine and compare the maximum hardness of the remineralized caries-like lesions, in terms of nanohardness and the rate of achieving maximum hardness at 1-h interval, after treatment with artificial saliva and CPP-ACP, over 12 h.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty longitudinal sections of extracted sound permanent maxillary central, lateral incisors were immersed in demineralizing solution for 4 days. The samples were then randomly divided into three groups, consisting of 12 sections each for soaking them in three different media-isotonic saline, artificial saliva, and CPP-ACP for 12 h. The nanohardness was measured on the labial surface, at baseline, after erosion, and after remineralization at 1-h interval.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data was analyzed with paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CPP-ACP increased the enamel hardness significantly (P < 0.001), at an increased rate, than artificial saliva.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has provided an insight into the frequency of use of CPP-ACP, once per day, as the nanohardness of enamel samples increased within 1 h of application and remained within the normal limits after 12 h.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences, Kamalanagar, Dilsukhnagar, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Shanthan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mettu
authors.forename: Namineni
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Srinivas
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Reddy Sampath
authors.forename: Nallanchakrava
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Srinivas
mesh_terms: D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002364:Caseins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007180:Incisor; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014089:Tooth Remineralization
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D002364:Caseins; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; C447032:casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex