title: Survival Outcome of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising from Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) is a rare benign tumor of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses. It is destructive or bone-remodeling, tends to recur after surgical resection, and has a significant malignant potential. The present study aimed to perform a retrospective analysis of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising from IP, including characteristics, survival outcome, and predictors of associated malignancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 213 patients diagnosed with IP from January 1970 to January 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Eighty-seven patients were diagnosed with SCC/IP; their clinical characteristics, treatments, and survival outcomes were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 87 patients with SCC/IP, the 5- and 10-year overall survival outcomes were 39.6% and 31.8%, respectively. Twenty-nine of these patients received surgery and 58 received combined surgery and radiation. Of the patients with stages III-IV, the 5-year survival rate was 30.7% for those treated with surgery only and 39.9% for those given the combination treatment (P = 0.849). Factors associated with significantly poor prognosis were advanced-stage, metachronous tumors, or with cranial base and orbit invasion. Age, synchronous or metachronous tumors, and pathological stage were independent risk factors for mortality, shown by multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with SCC/IP had low overall survival outcomes. Advanced age, stage, and metachronous tumors are the main factors affecting prognosis. Treatment planning should consider high-risk factors to improve survival outcome.
authors.forename: Qing-Zhuang
authors.initials: QZ
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: De-Zhi
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiao-Lei
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Zhen-Gang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
authors.forename: Yue-Huang
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D018308:Papilloma, Inverted / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult