title: A simple and inexpensive method to control oxygen concentrations within physiological and neoplastic ranges.
abstract: Traditional methods for regulating oxygen concentration ([O2]) in in vitro experiments over the range found in normal and tumor tissues require the use of expensive equipment to generate controlled gas atmospheres or the purchase of a range of gas cylinders with certified O2 percentages. Here we describe a simple and inexpensive enzymatic method for generating low, precise steady-state [O2] levels that are stable for several hours. This method is particularly applicable to the in vitro study of some classes of hypoxia-targeted antitumor prodrugs and bioreductively activated agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Electronic address: philip.penketh@yale.edu.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Penketh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shyam
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Ratner
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Sartorelli
mesh_terms: D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D009583:Nitrofurazone / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011355:Prodrugs; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D002374:Catalase; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen; D009583:Nitrofurazone
keywords: Bioreductive; Hypoxia; Nitrofurazone; Oxygen; Prodrug; Tumor