title: Second primary tumours in head and neck cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Head and neck cancer patients have a higher risk of second primary tumours than the general population. The most frequent locations are head and neck, lung and oesophagus, decreasing long-term survival. The aim of this work was to analyse the incidence, location according to index tumour and stage, chronology, patient age, and survival after diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study on 579 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, treated with curative intent, with a minimum 24-month follow-up. Early stages (I/II) were 42.4%, and 57.6% were stages III and IV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Second primary tumour incidence was 15% (87/579), with 9.2% (8/97) developing a third tumour. The most frequent locations of the second tumours were head and neck, 37.9% (33/87); lung, 36.8% (32/87); oesophagus, 5.7% (5/87); and colon, 5.7% (5/87). Five- and 10-year survival in patients without a second tumour was 65.1% and 52.7% respectively, versus 58.7% and 40.2% in those who developed one.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of second primary tumours increased in the last decade, having a negative effect on survival. Since no specific early diagnosis tool is available, alcohol and tobacco avoidance along with scheduled follow-up are suggested procedures to reduce its incidence.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, España. Electronic address: jesus.herranz.gonzalez.botas@sergas.es.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herranz González-Botas
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, España.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Varela Vázquez
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, España.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vázquez Barro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004067:Digestive System Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cabeza y cuello; Head and neck; Second primary malignancy; Segundos tumores primarios; Supervivencia; Survival; Tumor índice; Tumour index