title: Effects of operating conditions on trihalomethanes formation and speciation during chloramination in reclaimed water.
abstract: In this study, a hybrid powdered activated carbon-membrane bioreactor (PAC-MBR) system was used to treat municipal wastewater in northern China intended for recycle. In order to control microbiological hazards in PAC-MBR effluent, chloramine was chosen as the disinfectant which could reduce the disinfection by-product yields. Effects of reaction time, chloramines dose, pH value, and bromide ion concentration on trihalomethanes (THMs) formation and speciation during chloramination of the reclaimed effluent were investigated. Study results indicated that the yield of total THMs (TTHM) increased at higher reaction time and chloramines dose. The trend of growth showed that slow reacting precursors were the main components of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in PAC-MBR effluent. THMs formation potential of PAC-MBR effluent achieved the maximum at chloramines dosage of 20 mg/L. Meanwhile, THMs formation was enhanced evidently under alkaline conditions. The yields of THMs species were in following order: CHCl3 > CHBrCl2 > CHBr2Cl > CHBr3, although in different reaction time, chloramines dose, and pH value. Furthermore, the formation of Br-THMs was promoted by the increasing concentration of bromide ion.
authors.affiliation: Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji' nan, 250100, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji' nan, 250100, China. baoyugao_sdu@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Baoyu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji' nan, 250100, China.
authors.forename: Defang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji' nan, 250100, China.
authors.forename: Ruihua
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji' nan, 250100, China.
authors.forename: Shenglei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji' nan, 250100, China.
authors.forename: Qinyan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji' nan, 250100, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji' nan, 250100, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D019149:Bioreactors; D002606:Charcoal; D002681:China; D002700:Chloramines / Q000737:chemistry*; D004202:Disinfectants; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods; D054879:Halogenation; D022882:Trihalomethanes / Q000032:analysis*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D002606:Charcoal; D002700:Chloramines; D004202:Disinfectants; D022882:Trihalomethanes; D062065:Wastewater; D014867:Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C030816:chloramine
keywords: Chloramination; Membrane bioreactor; Powdered activated carbon; Reclaimed water; THMs speciation; Trihalomethanes formation