title: Evidence-based guidelines: MAGNIMS consensus guidelines on the use of MRI in multiple sclerosis--establishing disease prognosis and monitoring patients.
abstract: The role of MRI in the assessment of multiple sclerosis (MS) goes far beyond the diagnostic process. MRI techniques can be used as regular monitoring to help stage patients with MS and measure disease progression. MRI can also be used to measure lesion burden, thus providing useful information for the prediction of long-term disability. With the introduction of a new generation of immunomodulatory and/or immunosuppressive drugs for the treatment of MS, MRI also makes an important contribution to the monitoring of treatment, and can be used to determine baseline tissue damage and detect subsequent repair. This use of MRI can help predict treatment response and assess the efficacy and safety of new therapies. In the second part of the MAGNIMS (Magnetic Resonance Imaging in MS) network's guidelines on the use of MRI in MS, we focus on the implementation of this technique in prognostic and monitoring tasks. We present recommendations on how and when to use MRI for disease monitoring, and discuss some promising MRI approaches that may be introduced into clinical practice in the near future.
authors.forename: Mike P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Wattjes
authors.forename: Àlex
authors.initials: À
authors.lastname: Rovira
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Tarek A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Yousry
authors.forename: Maria P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Sormani
authors.forename: Maria P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: de Stefano
authors.forename: Mar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tintoré
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Auger
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tur
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Filippi
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rocca
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fazekas
authors.forename: Ludwig
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kappos
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Polman
authors.lastname: Frederik Barkhof
authors.lastname: Xavier Montalban
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D032921:Consensus; D018450:Disease Progression; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis