title: Fouling behaviour of membranes with different characteristics by urban wastewater secondary effluent.
abstract: Fouling behaviours and antifouling properties of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membranes blending with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) had been investigated using the secondary effluent as the filtration medium. The results demonstrated that the antifouling properties of membranes using PVA and PVP as the additives were generally stronger than those using PMMA. Additives PVA and PVP could effectively improve the structural property and hydrophilicity of the membrane and result in an outstanding antifouling property. A dense membrane surface could prevent low molecular foulants from entering into the membrane pores, depositing on the membrane with a loose spongy layer and penetrating into the internal macropore structure. The not fully generated internal macropores on the membrane surface were trend to be plugged, which resulted in serious flux decay and the membrane fouling was irreversible. Filtration cake formed on the membrane due to concentration polarization, which caused membrane flux decline and high flux recovery after cleaning.
authors.affiliation: a School of Science , Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi'an 710055 , People's Republic of China.|b School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering , Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi'an 710055 , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaorong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: a School of Science , Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi'an 710055 , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Donghui
authors.affiliation: a School of Science , Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi'an 710055 , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Gao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chenguang
authors.affiliation: b School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering , Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi'an 710055 , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: b School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering , Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi'an 710055 , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Weiting
authors.affiliation: b School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering , Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi'an 710055 , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xudong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D057219:Biofouling; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000737:chemistry; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000737:chemistry; D014462:Ultrafiltration / Q000295:instrumentation*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification; D005465:Fluorocarbon Polymers
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol; D011145:Polyvinyls; D062065:Wastewater; C024865:polyvinylidene fluoride; D005465:Fluorocarbon Polymers
keywords: Secondary effluent; antifouling property; membrane fouling; membrane structure; ultrafiltration