title: Dynamic Analysis of Gene Expression in Rice Superior and Inferior Grains by RNA-Seq.
abstract: Poor grain filling of inferior grains located on lower secondary panicle branch causes great drop in rice yield and quality. Dynamic gene expression patterns between superior and inferior grains were examined from the view of the whole transcriptome by using RNA-Seq method. In total, 19,442 genes were detected during rice grain development. Genes involved in starch synthesis, grain storage and grain development were interrogated in particular in superior and inferior grains. Of the genes involved in sucrose to starch transformation process, most were expressed at lower level in inferior grains at early filling stage compared to that of superior grains. But at late filling stage, the expression of those genes was higher in inferior grains and lower in superior grains. The same trends were observed in the expression of grain storage protein genes. While, evidence that genes involved in cell cycle showed higher expression in inferior grains during whole period of grain filling indicated that cell proliferation was active till the late filling stage. In conclusion, delayed expression of most starch synthesis genes in inferior grains and low capacity of sink organ might be two important factors causing low filling rate of inferior grain at early filling stage, and shortage of carbohydrate supply was a limiting factor at late filling stage.
authors.affiliation: Collaberative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Rice Engineer Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Physiology, Ecology and Genetics Improvement of Food Crop in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hongzheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Collaberative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Rice Engineer Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Physiology, Ecology and Genetics Improvement of Food Crop in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Collaberative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Rice Engineer Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Physiology, Ecology and Genetics Improvement of Food Crop in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yafan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Collaberative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Rice Engineer Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Physiology, Ecology and Genetics Improvement of Food Crop in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yanxiu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Collaberative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Rice Engineer Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Physiology, Ecology and Genetics Improvement of Food Crop in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Collaberative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Rice Engineer Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Physiology, Ecology and Genetics Improvement of Food Crop in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Junzhou
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Collaberative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Rice Engineer Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Physiology, Ecology and Genetics Improvement of Food Crop in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zeyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: Collaberative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Rice Engineer Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Physiology, Ecology and Genetics Improvement of Food Crop in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Quanzhi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D063990:Gene Ontology; D017343:Genes, Plant; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D009929:Organ Size / Q000235:genetics; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics*; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA / Q000379:methods*; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism; D013395:Sucrose / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D013395:Sucrose; D013213:Starch