title: Toxicological effects of benzo(a)pyrene, DDT and their mixture on the green mussel Perna viridis revealed by proteomic and metabolomic approaches.
abstract: Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) are persistent organic pollutants and environmental estrogens (EEs) with known toxicity towards the green mussel, Perna viridis. In this study, the toxic effects of BaP (10 µg/L) and DDT (10 µg/L) and their mixture were assessed in green mussel gills with proteomic and metabolomic approaches. Metabolic responses indicated that BaP mainly caused disturbance in osmotic regulation by significantly decrease in branched chain amino acids, dimethylamine and dimethylglycine in gills of male green mussels after exposure for 7 days. DDT mainly caused disturbance in osmotic regulation and energy metabolism by differential alteration of betaine, dimethylamine, dimethylglycine, amino acids, and succinate in gills of male green mussels. However, the mixture of BaP and DDT didn't show obvious metabolite changes. Proteomic analysis showed different protein expression profiles between different treatment groups, which demonstrated that BaP, DDT and their mixture may have different modes of action. Proteomic responses revealed that BaP induced cell apoptosis, disturbance in protein digestion and energy metabolism in gills of green mussels, whereas DDT exposure altered proteins that were associated with oxidative stress, cytoskeleton and cell structure, protein digestion and energy metabolism. However, the mixture of BaP and DDT affected proteins related to the oxidative stress, cytoskeleton and cell structure, protein biosynthesis and modification, energy metabolism, growth and apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
authors.forename: Qinqin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
authors.forename: Yuhu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Haikou Key Laboratory of Environment Toxicology, Haikou 570228, China. Electronic address: zhouhl@hainu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hailong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Haikou Key Laboratory of Environment Toxicology, Haikou 570228, China. Electronic address: diaoxip@hainu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Diao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D003634:DDT / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D049883:Perna / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene; D003634:DDT
keywords: Benzo(a)pyrene; Binary mixture; DDT; Metabolomics; Perna viridis; Proteomics