title: How bilingualism shapes the functional architecture of the brain: A study on executive control in early bilinguals and monolinguals.
abstract: The existence of a behavioral advantage of bilinguals over monolinguals during executive tasks is controversial. A new approach to this issue is to investigate the effect of bilingualism on neural control when performing these tasks as a window to understand when behavioral differences are produced. Here, we tested if early bilinguals use more language-related networks than monolinguals while performing a go/no-go task that includes infrequent no-go and go trials. The RTs and accuracy in both groups did not differ. An independent component analyses (ICA) revealed, however, that bilinguals used the left fronto-parietal network and the salience network more than monolinguals while processing go infrequent cues and no-go cues, respectively. It was noteworthy that the modulation of these networks had opposite correlates with performance in bilinguals and monolinguals, which suggests that between-group differences were more qualitative than quantitative. Our results suggest that bilinguals may differently develop the involvement of the executive control networks that comprise the left inferior frontal gyrus during cognitive control tasks than monolinguals.
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology and Functional Imaging Group, Departament De Psicologia Bàsica, Clínica I Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain.
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Costumero
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology and Functional Imaging Group, Departament De Psicologia Bàsica, Clínica I Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain.
authors.forename: Aina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Pujadas
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology and Functional Imaging Group, Departament De Psicologia Bàsica, Clínica I Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fuentes-Claramonte
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology and Functional Imaging Group, Departament De Psicologia Bàsica, Clínica I Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain.
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ávila
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007802:Language; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D019303:Multilingualism; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011930:Reaction Time; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: bilingualism; executive control; language