title: Surgery or EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy for malignant distal biliary obstruction after ERCP failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the method of choice for drainage in patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction, but it fails in up to 10% of cases. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) and surgical bypass are the traditional drainage alternatives. This study aimed to compare technical and clinical success, quality of life, and survival of surgical biliary bypass or hepaticojejunostomy (HJT) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided choledochoduodenostomy (CDT) in patients with distal malignant bile duct obstruction and failed ERCP.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized trial was conducted. From March 2011 to September 2013, 32 patients with malignant distal biliary obstruction and failed ERCP were studied. The HJT group consisted of 15 patients and the CDT group consisted of 14 patients. Technical and clinical success, quality of life, and survival were assessed prospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Technical success was 94% (15/16) in the HJT group and 88% (14/16) in the CDT group (P = 0.598). Clinical success occurred in 14 (93%) patients in the HJT group and in 10 (71%) patients in the CDT group (P = 0.169). During follow-up, a statistically significant difference was seen in mean functional capacity scores, physical health, pain, social functioning, and emotional and mental health aspects in both techniques (P < 0.05). The median survival time in both groups was the same (82 days).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data relating to technical and clinical success, quality of life, and survival were similar in patients who underwent HJT and CDT drainage after failed ERCP for malignant distal biliary obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Everson L A
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Artifon
authors.forename: Jarbas F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Loureiro
authors.forename: Todd H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Baron
authors.forename: Kaie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kahaleh
authors.forename: Fernando P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Marson