title: Cooperative development of antimicrobials: looking back to look ahead.
abstract: As foundations and governments mobilize to tackle antimicrobial resistance (AMR), several experiments in academic-industrial collaboration have emerged. Here, I examine two historical precedents, the Penicillin Project and the Malaria Project of the Second World War, and two contemporary examples, the Tuberculosis Drug Accelerator programme and the Tres Cantos Open Lab. These and related experiments suggest that different strategies can be effective in managing academic-industrial collaborations, and that such joint projects can prosper in both multisite and single-site forms, depending on the specific challenges and goals of each project. The success of these strategies and the crisis of AMR warrant additional investment in similar projects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 New York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nathan
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000266:history / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000266:history / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000266:history / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000266:history / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration; D005060:Europe; D049673:History, 20th Century; D007373:Interinstitutional Relations; D055818:Public-Private Sector Partnerships; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000962:Antimalarials; D000995:Antitubercular Agents