title: Multipurpose prevention technologies for sexual and reproductive health: mapping global needs for introduction of new preventive products.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Worldwide, women face sexual and reproductive health (SRH) risks including unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV. Multipurpose prevention technologies (MPTs) combine protection against two or more SRH risks into one product. Male and female condoms are the only currently available MPT products, but several other forms of MPTs are in development. We examined the global distribution of selected SRH issues to determine where various risks have the greatest geographical overlap.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined four indicators relevant to MPTs in development: HIV prevalence, herpes simplex virus type 2 prevalence (HSV-2), human papillomavirus prevalence (HPV) and the proportion of women with unmet need for modern contraception. Using ArcGIS Desktop, we mapped these indicators individually and in combination on choropleth and graduated symbol maps. We conducted a principal components analysis to reduce data and enable visual mapping of all four indicators on one graphic to identify overlap.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our findings document the greatest overlapping risks in Sub-Saharan Africa, and we specify countries in greatest need by specific MPT indication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results can inform strategic planning for MPT introduction, market segmentation and demand generation; data limitations also highlight the need for improved (non-HIV) STI surveillance globally.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MPTs are products in development with the potential to empower women to prevent two or more SRH risks. Geographic analysis of overlapping SRH risks demonstrates particularly high need in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study can help to inform strategic planning for MPT introduction, market segmentation and demand generation.
authors.affiliation: Office of Population and Reproductive Health, United States Agency for International Development, CP3-11090A, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20523, USA. Electronic address: erin.schelar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schelar
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Chelsea B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Polis
authors.affiliation: Center for Data, Analysis and Research, United States Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20004, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Essam
authors.affiliation: School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Katharine J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Looker
authors.affiliation: Catalan Institute of Oncology, Av. Gran Via de l'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain.
authors.forename: Laia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bruni
authors.affiliation: Office of Population and Reproductive Health, United States Agency for International Development, CP3-11090A, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20523, USA.
authors.forename: Cara J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chrisman
authors.affiliation: Office of Population and Reproductive Health, United States Agency for International Development, CP3-11090A, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20523, USA.
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manning
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D000569:Americas / Q000453:epidemiology; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003267:Contraception; D003270:Contraceptive Agents / Q000600:supply & distribution; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D062305:Geographic Mapping; D014943:Global Health; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D044349:Oceania / Q000453:epidemiology; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011247:Pregnancy; D049168:Pregnancy, Unplanned; D015995:Prevalence; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003270:Contraceptive Agents
keywords: HIV; HPV; HSV-2; Multipurpose prevention technologies; Unintended pregnancy