title: SGLT2 inhibitors.
abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a serious health issue and an economic burden, rising in epidemic proportions over the last few decades worldwide. Although several treatment options are available, only half of the global diabetic population achieves the recommended or individualized glycemic targets. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new class of antidiabetic agents with a novel insulin-independent action. SGLT2 is a transporter found in the proximal renal tubules, responsible for the reabsorption of most of the glucose filtered by the kidney. Inhibition of SGLT2 lowers the blood glucose level by promoting the urinary excretion of excess glucose. Due to their insulin-independent action, SGLT2 inhibitors can be used with any degree of beta-cell dysfunction or insulin resistance, related to a very low risk of hypoglycemia. In addition to improving glycemic control, SGLT2 inhibitors have been associated with a reduction in weight and blood pressure when used as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic agents in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors is usually well tolerated; however, they have been associated with an increased incidence of urinary tract and genital infections, although these infections are usually mild and easy to treat. SGLT2 inhibitors are a promising new option in the armamentarium of drugs for patients with T2DM.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 211 South Ninth Street, Ste 600, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Electronic address: drinderpreet19@gmail.com.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dardi
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 211 South Ninth Street, Ste 600, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Electronic address: tasha.kouvatsos@jefferson.edu.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kouvatsos
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 211 South Ninth Street, Ste 600, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Electronic address: serge.jabbour@jefferson.edu.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jabbour
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D049990:Membrane Transport Modulators / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008954:Models, Biological; D009399:Nephrons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D065608:Renal Reabsorption / Q000187:drug effects; D051297:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D000077203:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D049990:Membrane Transport Modulators; C089180:SLC5A2 protein, human; D051297:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2; D000077203:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors; D005947:Glucose