title: Sexual disorders in DSM-5 and ICD-11: a conceptual framework.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The nature and classification of sexual disorders has been a focus during work on the development of DSM-5 and ICD-11. This article proposes different conceptual approaches to the sexual disorders, including classical, critical and integrative positions. Disorders associated with sexual orientation, gender dysphoria/incongruence and paraphilias/paraphilic disorders are discussed from each of these positions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A range of conventional and nonconventional consensual sexual behaviours are prevalent but not necessarily indicative of a mental disorder; there is little diagnostic validity or clinical utility for including these in the nosology. When such behaviours are clinically excessive and associated with distress or impairment, however, a disorder may be present. Debate surrounds the medicalization of some sexual behaviours that are criminal in nature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The classification of sexual behaviour as disordered is necessarily theory-dependent and value-laden. Nevertheless, reasoned debate about the relevant data and values is possible, and will hopefully further improve the diagnostic validity and clinical utility of psychiatric nosology.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health bGender Health and Justice Research Unit cDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Megan M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Lillian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Artz
authors.forename: Dan J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D003210:Concept Formation; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D006801:Humans; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D010262:Paraphilic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000517:prevention & control; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology