title: Association of Shoulder Problems in Persons With Spinal Cord Injury at Discharge From Inpatient Rehabilitation With Activities and Participation 5 Years Later.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether musculoskeletal shoulder pain and limitations in shoulder range of motion (ROM) at discharge from first rehabilitation are associated with activities and participation restrictions 5 years later in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight specialized SCI rehabilitation centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects (N=138) with an SCI admitted for first rehabilitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peak power output (POpeak), Wheelchair Skills Test (WST), FIM motor score, ability to transfer, Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities (PASIPD), mobility range and social behavior subscales of the Sickness Impact Profile 68 (SIPSOC), and employment status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of the subjects at discharge was 39 years, 72% were men, 32% had tetraplegia, and in 65% the SCI was motor complete. At discharge, 39% reported shoulder pain and 32% had a limited shoulder ROM. In the analyses of variance, shoulder ROM limitation, but not shoulder pain, was associated with all but 1 outcome at 5 years. In the regression analyses, ROM limitations of the shoulder were negatively associated with the ability to transfer (P=.004), FIM motor scores (P<.001), and return to work (P= .027) 5 years after discharge. No significant associations were found with POpeak, WST performance time, SIPSOC, and PASIPD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of limitations in shoulder ROM, but not shoulder pain, at discharge is associated with limitations in activities and employment status 5 years later.
authors.affiliation: Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland; Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland. Electronic address: inge.eriks@paraplegie.ch.
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Eriks-Hoogland
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center (Reade), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.affiliation: Roessingh Rehabilitation Center, Enschede, The Netherlands; Roessingh Research and Development, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Govert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Snoek
authors.affiliation: Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland; Department of Health Sciences and Health Policy, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gerold
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stucki
authors.affiliation: Brain Center Rudolf Magnus and Center of Excellence in Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Post
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Center for Rehabilitation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van der Woude
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D064702:International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D053580:Muscle Strength; D010351:Patient Discharge; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers; D062707:Return to Work; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D058992:Social Participation; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D014910:Wheelchairs; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cohort studies; Longitudinal studies; Pain; Rehabilitation; Shoulder; Spinal cord injuries