title: Composition of Follow-Up Formula for Young Children Aged 12-36 Months: Recommendations of an International Expert Group Coordinated by the Nutrition Association of Thailand and the Early Nutrition Academy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are no internationally agreed recommendations on compositional requirements of follow-up formula for young children (FUF-YC) aged 1-3 years.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study is to propose international compositional recommendations for FUF-YC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Compositional recommendations for FUF-YC were devised by expert consensus based on a detailed literature review of nutrient intakes and unmet needs in children aged 12-36 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Problematic nutrients with often inadequate intakes are the vitamins A, D, B12, C and folate, calcium, iron, iodine and zinc. If used, FUF-YC should be fed along with an age-appropriate mixed diet, usually contributing 1-2 cups (200-400 ml) of FUF-YC daily (approximately 15% of total energy intake). Protein from cow's milk-based formula should provide 1.6-2.7 g/100 kcal. Fat content should be 4.4-6.0 g/100 kcal. Carbohydrate should contribute 9-14 g/100 kcal with >50% from lactose. If other sugars are added, they should not exceed 10% of total carbohydrates. Calcium should provide 200 mg/100 kcal. Other micronutrient contents/100 kcal should reach 15% of the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization recommended nutrient intake values. A guidance upper level that was 3-5 times of the minimum level was established. Countries may adapt compositional requirements, considering recommended nutrient intakes, habitual diets, nutritional status and existence of micronutrient programs to ensure adequacy while preventing excessive intakes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Umaporn
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Suthutvoravut
authors.forename: Philip Olayele
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Abiodun
authors.forename: Sirinuch
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chomtho
authors.forename: Nalinee
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chongviriyaphan
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cruchet
authors.forename: Peter S W
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Sarath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gopalan
authors.forename: Johannes B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: van Goudoever
authors.forename: Etienne de la Rey
authors.initials: Ede L
authors.lastname: Nel
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scheimann
authors.forename: Jose Vicente
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Spolidoro
authors.forename: Kraisid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tontisirin
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Pattanee
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Winichagoon
authors.forename: Berthold
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Koletzko
mesh_terms: D000047:Academies and Institutes; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000032:analysis; D002149:Energy Intake; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000592:standards*; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000592:standards*; D007785:Lactose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000032:analysis / Q000172:deficiency; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D009752:Nutritional Status; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D064167:Recommended Dietary Allowances / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D018977:Micronutrients; D008894:Milk Proteins; D007785:Lactose