title: Medium-term follow-up of renal function in hypoxaemic congenital heart disease patients.
abstract: Introduction Hypoxaemic congenital heart disease (CHD) patients are at higher risk of complications. The aim of this study was to compare and follow-up blood and 24-hour urine analytical data in hypoxaemic and non-hypoxaemic CHD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The inclusion criteria for this study were as follows: patients older than 14 years of age with a structural CHD with or without associated hypoxaemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 27 hypoxaemic and 48 non-hypoxaemic CHD patients were included in order to compare blood and 24-hour urine analytical data. Among hypoxaemic patients, 13 (48.1%) were male, two (7.4%) had diabetes mellitus, one of whom was a smoker, one (3.7%) had systemic arterial hypertension, and 11 (40.7%) showed pulmonary arterial hypertension. The mean follow-up time was 3.1±1.9 years. Hypoxaemic CHD patients showed higher proteinuria concentrations (g/24 hours) (0.09 (0.07; 0.46) versus 0.08 (0.07; 0.1), p=0.054) and 24-hour albumin excretion rate (µg/min) (16.5 (11.2; 143.5) versus 4.4 (0.0; 7.6), p<0.001) compared with non-hypoxaemic CHD patients; however, no significant differences were found in the proteinuria levels and in the 24-hour albumin excretion rate in CHD patients with associated hypoxaemia, both at baseline and at follow-up. When divided into groups, hypoxaemic patients with palliative shunts showed significantly higher proteinuria concentrations compared with hypoxaemic patients not operated on or with Fontan procedures (p=0.01). No significant differences were seen in 24-hour proteinuria and 24-hour albumin excretion rate during the follow-up of patients with palliative shunts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypoxaemic CHD patients have significant higher 24-hour proteinuria concentration and 24-hour albumin excretion rate compared with non-hypoxaemic CHD patients. Among hypoxaemic CHD patients, those with palliative shunts showed the highest 24-hour proteinuria concentrations.
authors.affiliation: 1Cardiology Service,Insular-Materno Infantil University Hospital,Las Palmas de Gran Canaria,Spain.
authors.forename: Efrén
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martínez-Quintana
authors.affiliation: 2Dr. Negrín University Hospital of Gran Canaria,Las Palmas de Gran Canaria,Spain.
authors.forename: Fayna
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-González
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013030:Spain; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: CHD; follow-up; hypoxaemia; impaired renal function; proteinuria