title: Genome-Wide Association Study of Ureide Concentration in Diverse Maturity Group IV Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Accessions.
abstract: Ureides are the N-rich products of N-fixation that are transported from soybean nodules to the shoot. Ureides are known to accumulate in leaves in response to water-deficit stress, and this has been used to identify genotypes with reduced N-fixation sensitivity to drought. Our objectives in this research were to determine shoot ureide concentrations in 374 Maturity Group IV soybean accessions and to identify genomic regions associated with shoot ureide concentration. The accessions were grown at two locations (Columbia, MO, and Stuttgart, AR) in 2 yr (2009 and 2010) and characterized for ureide concentration at beginning flowering to full bloom. Average shoot ureide concentrations across all four environments (two locations and two years) and 374 accessions ranged from 12.4 to 33.1 µmol g(-1) and were comparable to previously reported values. SNP-ureide associations within and across the four environments were assessed using 33,957 SNPs with a MAF ≥0.03. In total, 53 putative loci on 18 chromosomes were identified as associated with ureide concentration. Two of the putative loci were located near previously reported QTL associated with ureide concentration and 30 loci were located near genes associated with ureide metabolism. The remaining putative loci were not near chromosomal regions previously associated with shoot ureide concentration and may mark new genes involved in ureide metabolism. Ultimately, confirmation of these putative loci will provide new sources of variation for use in soybean breeding programs.
authors.affiliation: Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, Mississippi 38776 jeff.ray@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Jeffery D
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8879-0884
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.affiliation: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211.
authors.forename: Arun Prabhu
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9686-7260
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Dhanapal
authors.affiliation: Crop Systems and Global Change Lab, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705.
authors.forename: Shardendu K
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7437-330X
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824.
authors.forename: Valerio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hoyos-Villegas
authors.affiliation: Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, Mississippi 38776.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72704.
authors.forename: Larry C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Purcell
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72704.
authors.forename: C Andy
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: Southeast Area Statistics, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, Mississippi 38776.
authors.forename: Debbie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Boykin
authors.affiliation: Soybean Genomics and Improvement Lab, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705.
authors.forename: Perry B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Cregan
authors.affiliation: Soybean Genomics and Improvement Lab, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705.
authors.forename: Qijian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211.
authors.forename: Felix B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Fritschi
mesh_terms: D000481:Allantoin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D055864:Droughts; D017753:Ecosystem; D035264:Flowers / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D056426:Genetic Loci; D018745:Genome, Plant; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D013025:Glycine max / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000481:Allantoin
keywords: GWAS; drought tolerance; soybean; ureide