title: Artificial Intelligence versus Statistical Modeling and Optimization of Cholesterol Oxidase Production by using Streptomyces Sp.
abstract: Cholesterol oxidase (COD) is a bi-functional FAD-containing oxidoreductase which catalyzes the oxidation of cholesterol into 4-cholesten-3-one. The wider biological functions and clinical applications of COD have urged the screening, isolation and characterization of newer microbes from diverse habitats as a source of COD and optimization and over-production of COD for various uses. The practicability of statistical/ artificial intelligence techniques, such as response surface methodology (RSM), artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA) have been tested to optimize the medium composition for the production of COD from novel strain Streptomyces sp. NCIM 5500. All experiments were performed according to the five factor central composite design (CCD) and the generated data was analysed using RSM and ANN. GA was employed to optimize the models generated by RSM and ANN. Based upon the predicted COD concentration, the model developed with ANN was found to be superior to the model developed with RSM. The RSM-GA approach predicted maximum of 6.283 U/mL COD production, whereas the ANN-GA approach predicted a maximum of 9.93 U/mL COD concentration. The optimum concentrations of the medium variables predicted through ANN-GA approach were: 1.431 g/50 mL soybean, 1.389 g/50 mL maltose, 0.029 g/50 mL MgSO4, 0.45 g/50 mL NaCl and 2.235 ml/50 mL glycerol. The experimental COD concentration was concurrent with the GA predicted yield and led to 9.75 U/mL COD production, which was nearly two times higher than the yield (4.2 U/mL) obtained with the un-optimized medium. This is the very first time we are reporting the statistical versus artificial intelligence based modeling and optimization of COD production by Streptomyces sp. NCIM 5500.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology (Uttar Pradesh Technical University), Lucknow, 226021, India.
authors.forename: Lakshmi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pathak
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Vineeta
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ram
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Niwas
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology (Uttar Pradesh Technical University), Lucknow, 226021, India.
authors.forename: Khwaja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Osama
authors.affiliation: Deratment of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Ha'il University, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Saif
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Viikki Biocenter-2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland; Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Applied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Shafiul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haque
authors.affiliation: Fermentation Technology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow-226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: C K M
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology (Uttar Pradesh Technical University), Lucknow, 226021, India.
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Mishra
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002789:Cholesterol Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005285:Fermentation; D008957:Models, Genetic; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003470:Culture Media; D002789:Cholesterol Oxidase