title: Extragastric Diseases and Helicobacter pylori.
abstract: The extragastric manifestations of Helicobacter pylori infection still remain a very strong topic throughout the H. pylori world. Indeed, H. pylori may interfere with many biological processes, both inside and outside of the stomach, possibly influencing or determining the occurrence of many diseases outside of the stomach. While its role in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and sideropenic anemia has already been recognized, emerging evidence suggests that H. pylori may increase the risk of acute coronary syndrome, contribute to insulin resistance and be associated with neurodegenerative, respiratory, and other miscellaneous disorders previously associated with other conditions. Different pathogenic mechanisms have been hypothesized, including the induction of a low-grade inflammatory state and the occurrence of molecular mimicry mechanisms. This review summarizes the results of the most relevant studies published on this topic in the last year.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine Institute, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Franceschi
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gasbarrini
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
authors.forename: Stergios A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Polyzos
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
authors.forename: Jannis
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kountouras
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000209:etiology*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: Alzheimer disease; Parkinson disease; diabetes mellitus; low-grade inflammation; metabolic syndrome; molecular mimicry