title: Potential utility of autoantibodies as blood-based biomarkers for early detection and diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a great need to identify readily accessible, blood-based biomarkers for Parkinson's disease (PD) that are useful for accurate early detection and diagnosis. This advancement would allow early patient treatment and enrollment into clinical trials, both of which would greatly facilitate the development of new therapies for PD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sera from a total of 398 subjects, including 103 early-stage PD subjects derived from the Deprenyl and Tocopherol Antioxidative Therapy of Parkinsonism (DATATOP) study, were screened with human protein microarrays containing 9,486 potential antigen targets to identify autoantibodies potentially useful as biomarkers for PD. A panel of selected autoantibodies with a higher prevalence in early-stage PD was identified and tested using Random Forest for its ability to distinguish early-stage PD subjects from controls and from individuals with other neurodegenerative and non-neurodegenerative diseases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results demonstrate that a panel of selected, blood-borne autoantibody biomarkers can distinguish early-stage PD subjects (90% confidence in diagnosis) from age- and sex-matched controls with an overall accuracy of 87.9%, a sensitivity of 94.1% and specificity of 85.5%. These biomarkers were also capable of differentiating patients with early-stage PD from those with more advanced (mild-moderate) PD with an overall accuracy of 97.5%, and could distinguish subjects with early-stage PD from those with other neurological (e.g., Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis) and non-neurological (e.g., breast cancer) diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate, for the first time, that a panel of selected autoantibodies may prove to be useful as effective blood-based biomarkers for the diagnosis of early-stage PD.
authors.affiliation: Biomarker Discovery Center, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA; Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Cassandra A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: DeMarshall
authors.affiliation: Biomarker Discovery Center, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA; Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Biomarker Discovery Center, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA; Durin Technologies, Inc., New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Eric P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Nagele
authors.affiliation: Biomarker Discovery Center, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA; Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Abhirup
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.affiliation: Biomarker Discovery Center, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA; Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Nimish K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Acharya
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA; Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Godsey
authors.affiliation: Biomarker Discovery Center, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA; Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Eric L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Goldwaser
authors.affiliation: Biomarker Discovery Center, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA; Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kosciuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Umashanger
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Thayasivam
authors.affiliation: Durin Technologies, Inc., New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Belinka
authors.affiliation: Biomarker Discovery Center, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA; Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA; Durin Technologies, Inc., New Brunswick, NJ, USA. Electronic address: nagelero@rowan.edu.
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Nagele
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Autoantibodies; Biomarkers; Diagnosis; Parkinson’s disease; Protein microarrays