title: Monitoring for Extra-Intestinal Cancers in IBD.
abstract: Multiple studies have demonstrated an increased risk for extra-intestinal cancers in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, mainly from treatment modalities. Prominent cancers that are related to IBD treatment include the following: lymphoproliferative disorders associated with thiopurine use, hepatosplenic T cell lymphoma primarily in younger male patients on thiopurines and anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents, non-melanoma skin cancers in patients treated with thiopurines and anti-TNF agents, and melanomas in patients who are on monotherapy with anti-TNF agents. In addition, women with IBD may have higher rates of cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer. The focus of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview on extra-intestinal cancers in IBD patients and how to monitor for these malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, AD 2226, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. hsifuentes@gru.edu.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sifuentes
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. kane.sunanda@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kane
mesh_terms: D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008232:Lymphoproliferative Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents
keywords: Cervical cancer; Cervical dysplasia; Crohn’s disease; Extra-intestinal cancers; Hepatosplenic T cell lymphoma; Inflammatory bowel disease; Lymphoma; Lymphoproliferative disorders; Melanoma; Non-Hodgkin lymphoma; Non-melanoma skin cancer; Ulcerative colitis