title: Quantitative assessment of the effects of sulfamethoxazole on Toxoplasma gondii loads in susceptible WT C57BL/6 mice as an immunocompetent host model.
abstract: The abundance of Toxoplasma gondii with or without sulfamethoxazole (SMX) treatment was evaluated with quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction in various organs of wild-type C57BL/6 mice, a susceptible immunocompetent host, after peroral infection with a cyst-forming Fukaya strain of T. gondii. SMX affected different organs in three ways: T. gondii was reduced independently of SMX (skin and kidney); T. gondii was not eradicated with continuous treatment (brain, heart, and lung); and T. gondii was eradicated with continuous treatment (tongue, skeletal muscle, and small intestine). The SMX concentrations in the brains, hearts, and lungs were higher in infected mice than in uninfected mice. These results indicate that even in an immunocompetent host, chemotherapy is necessary to reduce the parasite load and thus reduce the risk of recurrent disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
authors.forename: Usama S
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Belal
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan. Electronic address: norose@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Norose
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
authors.forename: Rabie M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.affiliation: Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nukaga
authors.affiliation: Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Kousei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
authors.forename: Manal Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Abdellatif
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
authors.forename: Noha H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Abdelgelil
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D003049:Coccidiostats / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006321:Heart / Q000469:parasitology; D007121:Immunocompetence; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D059208:Parasite Load; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D003049:Coccidiostats; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole
keywords: Immunocompetent hosts; QC-PCR; Sulfamethoxazole; Toxoplasma gondii