title: Cognition in at-risk mental states for psychosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The devastating nature of schizophrenia and treatment limitations have triggered a search for early detection methods to enable interventions to be implemented as soon as the first signs and symptoms appear. In this effort, several studies have investigated the cognitive functions in individuals regarded as being in at-risk mental states (ARMS) for psychosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to make a systematic review of the literature regarding basic and social cognition in individuals in ARMS following the guidelines of the PRISMA statement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In general, the results of the 49 articles included in the review show that individuals in ARMS have pervasive cognitive deficits that seem to be greater in individuals who later convert to psychosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cognitive impairment can be detected in individuals considered to be in ARMS according to current classifications and may serve as a risk marker for psychotic conversion; however, the lack of standardized criteria to define ARMS and of homogeneous cognitive assessment methods hamper the generalization of findings from different studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine, CNPq, Brazil.
authors.forename: André Luiz Damião
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: de Paula
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine, CNPq, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jaime Eduardo Cecílio
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hallak
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Translational Medicine, CNPq, Brazil; Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Paulo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Maia-de-Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bressan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine, CNPq, Brazil. Electronic address: joaopmachado@usp.br.
authors.forename: João Paulo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Machado-de-Sousa
mesh_terms: D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000150:complications*
keywords: Cognition; Early detection; Schizophrenia; Ultra high risk