title: Localization of germ plasm-related structures during sea urchin oogenesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Animal germ cells have specific organelles that are similar to ribonucleoprotein complex, called germ plasm, which is accumulated in eggs. Germ plasm is essential for inherited mechanism of germ line segregation in early embryogenesis. Sea urchins have early germ line segregation in early embryogenesis. Nevertheless, organization of germ plasm-related organelles and their molecular composition are still unclear. Another issue is whether maternally accumulated germ plasm exists in the sea urchin eggs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  I analyzed intracellular localization of germ plasm during oogenesis in sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius by using morphological approach and immunocytochemical detection of Vasa, a germ plasm marker. All ovarian germ cells have germ plasm-related organelles in the form of germ granules, Balbiani bodies, and perinuclear nuage found previously in germ cells in other animals. Maternal germ plasm is accumulated in late oogenesis at the cell periphery. Cytoskeletal drug treatment showed an association of Vasa-positive granules with actin filaments in the egg cortex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All female germ cells of sea urchins have germ plasm-related organelles. Eggs have a maternally accumulated germ plasm associated with cortical cytoskeleton. These findings correlate with early segregation of germ line in sea urchins.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cytotechnology, A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia.
authors.forename: Konstantin V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Yakovlev
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D009866:Oogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D015388:Organelles / Q000502:physiology; D012617:Sea Urchins / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Balbiani body; Vasa; cortex; cytoskeleton; germ cells; nuage