title: Modification of the Suna Trap for Improved Survival and Quality of Mosquitoes in Support of Epidemiological Studies.
abstract: Monitoring adult mosquito populations provides information that is critical for assessing risk of vector-borne disease transmission. The recently developed Suna trap was found to be a very effective trap when baited with an attractive odor blend. A modification of this trap was tested to improve its function as a tool for monitoring mosquito populations, including Anopheles coluzzii (An. gambiae sensu stricto molecular form M), Aedes aegypti, and Culex pipiens. The modified Suna trap (Suna-M) was altered by changing the position of the catch bag and the inclusion of a holding chamber in attempts to increase trapping efficacy and enhance the survival of mosquitoes. Each adaptation was tested in a dual-choice setup in a climate-controlled room against the original Suna trap and against 4 standard monitoring methods: the BG-sentinel (BGS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light trap, Mosquito Magnet X (MM-X) trap, and human landing catch (HLC). No differences in trapping efficacy were observed between the original Suna trap and modified version; however, a version in which the funnel was extended with a box and supplemented with moistened cotton wool increased mosquito survival from 6.5% to 78.0% over 24 h. The HLC and BGS trap outperformed the Suna-M trap, whereas the MM-X and commonly used CDC light trap performed significantly less well than the Suna-M trap in the dual-choice setup. The performance of the Suna-M trap equaled the performance of the original Suna trap and could therefore be used for monitoring purposes. Although the HLC and BGS trap achieved higher catch sizes, the Suna trap has the advantage that it is standardized, does not place humans at risk, and is weather resistant. Field studies should be conducted to confirm that the Suna-M trap, baited with the odor blend, is an efficient and standardized tool to measure both indoor and outdoor disease transmission risk for a range of vector-borne diseases.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Niels O
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Verhulst
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Julian W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hiscox
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003465:Culex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009033:Culicidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis*; D010675:Pheromones / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010675:Pheromones; C010411:insect attractants
keywords: Anopheles coluzzii; Anopheles gambiae; odor bait; surveillance; trapping