title: The Expression and Function of NUMB in Endometrial Cancer and the Interaction with HDM2 and P53.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since more and more evidences support that NUMB orchestrates many cell physiological and pathological processes of diseases including cancer, based on our previous work, we studied deeply the function of NUMB in endometrial cancer (EC) and tried to understand the mechanism of NUMB's nucleus translocation which might be relative to the occurrence of EC and will contribute to find a new targeting therapeutic strategy for EC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemistry was employed to test NUMB and HDM2 expression in endometrial cancer tissue from clinical patients. CCK-8 assay, cell cycle tested by Flow cytometer and PCNA determined by RT-PCR were employed to test the effects of NUMB on cell proliferation and apoptosis. In order to investigate the mechanism how NUMB, HDM2 and p53 interact in EC cell, western blot, Co-IP and immunofluorescent were used to observe the combination and location of NUMB, HDM2 and p53 as well as the interaction among them.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both NUMB and HDM2 expressed greater in endometrial cancer tissues than in normal endometrial tissues. Overexpression of NUMB induced apoptosis in Ishikawa cell while inhibition of NUMB increased cell proliferation. NUMB could combine HDM2 and p53, moreover the PTB domain of NUMB is the main site combining with p53. The effects of NUMB in cell was closely associated with p53. Not only NUMB regulated P53 expression level but also NUMB acts depending on P53, in turn p53 impacted the NUMB level as a feedback. Overexpression of NUMB could not bring itself into nuclear. Both siHDM2 and siP53 didn't bring NUMB into nucleus, However overexpression of HDM2 and p53 increased the NUMB level in nucleus, and the NUMB nuclear location induced by overexpression of HDM2 was stronger than that of p53 overexpression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on present data, we think NUMB acts as an anti-oncogene role and could regulate p53 level and function in endometrial cancer like in other cancers, meanwhile, the function of NUMB depend on P53. On the other hand, the location of NUMB could be regulated mainly by HDM2. So far we are not able to explain why endometrial cancer patients had high NUMB expression level since NUMB was regarded as a tumor suppressor, which is worthy studying further to explore underlying mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology hospital of Fu Dan University, Shang Hai, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology hospital of Fu Dan University, Shang Hai, China.
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology hospital of Fu Dan University, Shang Hai, China.
authors.forename: Chuyao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
keywords: HDM2; NUMB; endometrium cancer; nuclear translocation; p53