title: Role of interleukin-32 in the mechanism of chronic inflammation in IgG4-related disease and as a predictive biomarker for drug-free remission.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In immunoglobulin (Ig) G4-related disease (IgG4-RD), the mechanism of chronic inflammation and predictive factors for drug-free remission is still unclear. To examine the issues, we focused on tuberculosis, a chronic infection, and on the role of interleukin (IL)-32.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the positive rate of QuantiFERON TB-2G (QFT-2G) in 126 patients with IgG4-RD, and compared with the rate in the general population. Furthermore, specimens of submandibular glands from the maintenance treatment group and drug-free group of IgG4-RD and specimens of small salivary glands from primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) were stained with anti-IL-32 antibody and anti-protease-activated receptor 2 antibody, and the number of positive cells was compared between these groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The positive rate of QFT-2G was 19.8% in IgG4-RD patients, which is higher than in the general population. The expression of IL-32 and PAR2 in the submandibular glands of the maintenance treatment group of IgG4-RD was significantly greater than that of the drug-free remission group and SS patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates the possibility that IL-32 is associated with chronic inflammation and that it can be a predictive factor for drug-free remission in IgG4-RD.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Gastroenterology , Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan and.
authors.forename: Yui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Gastroenterology , Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan and.
authors.forename: Motohisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: a Department of Gastroenterology , Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan and.
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yajima
authors.affiliation: a Department of Gastroenterology , Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan and.
authors.forename: Chisako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: a Department of Gastroenterology , Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan and.
authors.forename: Yasuyoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naishiro
authors.affiliation: a Department of Gastroenterology , Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan and.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: b The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Kohzoh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.affiliation: a Department of Gastroenterology , Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan and.
authors.forename: Yasuhisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shinomura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044464:Receptor, PAR-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C496971:IL32 protein, human; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007378:Interleukins; D044464:Receptor, PAR-2
keywords: Chronic inflammation; Germinal center; IgG4-related disease; Interleukin-32; Tuberculosis