title: A toll-like receptor 9 (rs352140) variant is associated with placental inflammation in newborn infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chorioamnionitis contributes to premature birth and associated postnatal morbidity. The genetic basis of altered immune responses underlying placental inflammation (PI) remains understudied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship among TLR signaling pathway polymorphisms and different patterns of PI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study in infants involving cord blood collection and placental examination for PI. One hundred and fifty-nine infants enrolled in study out of which 28 were term (eight with PI) and 131 preterm (47 with PI). DNA from blood was genotyped for SNPs in TLR2, 4, 5, 9, NFKBI, NFKBIA, TIRAP, and IRAK1 genes using multiplexed single base extension assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While there were no differences in BW, GA, gender, race, and SPL among infants with or without PI, there was a higher incidence of PPROM, maternal smoking, drug use, and clinical chorioamnionitis among infants with PI. Out of nine TLR variants, only CT and/or TT genotypes of the TLR9 variant (rs352140) were significantly associated (p = 0.004) with any PI and maternal pattern of inflammation (p = 0.012) both by univariate analysis and logistic regression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of a variant T allele in a common SNP (rs352140) in the TLR9 gene whose product recognizes bacterial DNA is associated with increased PI.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatrics , Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , WI , USA .
authors.forename: Vijender
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Karody
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pediatrics , Wheaton Franciscan Healthcare , Milwaukee , WI , USA .
authors.forename: Shawn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reese
authors.affiliation: c Department of Neonatology , Hurley Medical Center , Flint , MI , USA .
authors.forename: Navin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: d Department of Pediatric Critical Care , The Children's Hospital of Montefiore , Bronx , NY , USA .|e Department of Pediatrics , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA , and.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liedel
authors.affiliation: f Department of Pathology , Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , WI , USA.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jarzembowski
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatrics , Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , WI , USA .
authors.forename: Venkatesh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sampath
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D010922:Placenta Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011247:Pregnancy; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C495371:TLR9 protein, human; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9
keywords: Chorioamnionitis; innate immunity; placental inflammation; rs352140; toll-like receptor 9 polymorphisms