title: Larvicidal Effects of Four Citrus Peel Essential Oils Against the Arbovirus Vector Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae).
abstract: In this study, we evaluated the larvicidal activity of four citrus essential oils (EOs; sweet orange, mandarin, bergamot, and lemon) against the arbovirus vector Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) under laboratory conditions. Through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses, we found that in sweet orange, mandarin, and lemon EOs, limonene was the most abundant compound, whereas linalyl acetate was the most abundant in the bergamot EO. All tested EOs showed a marked larvicidal activity, in particular sweet orange, lemon, and bergamot that killed all treated larvae. After 24 h of exposure, the LC50 values of the tested citrus EOs ranged from 145.27 (lemon EO) to 318.07 mg liter(-1) (mandarin EO), while LC(95) ranged from 295.13 to 832.44 mg liter(-1). After 48 h of exposure, the estimated LC(50) values decreased to values ranging from 117.29 to 209.38 mg liter(-1), while LC(95) ranged from 231.85 to 537.36 mg liter(-1). The results obtained from these evaluations, together with the large availability at reasonable costs of citrus EOs, are promising for the potential development of a new botanical mosquitocide.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di AGRARIA, University of Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy (orlando.campolo@unirc.it; giualg@tin.it; francesca.laudani@unirc.it; antonino.malacrino@unirc.it; vpalmeri@unirc.it), Simbiosi SCaRL, via Giulia, 12 89100 Reggio Calabria, Italy (orlando.campolo@unirc.it; giualg@tin.it).
authors.forename: Orlando
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Campolo
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria-CREA-Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee, Corso Savoia, 190 95024 Acireale, Catania, Italy (floravaleria.romeo@entecra.it; nicolina.timpanaro@entecra.it) and.
authors.forename: Flora V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Romeo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di AGRARIA, University of Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy (orlando.campolo@unirc.it; giualg@tin.it; francesca.laudani@unirc.it; antonino.malacrino@unirc.it; vpalmeri@unirc.it), Simbiosi SCaRL, via Giulia, 12 89100 Reggio Calabria, Italy (orlando.campolo@unirc.it; giualg@tin.it).
authors.forename: Giuseppe M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Algeri
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di AGRARIA, University of Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy (orlando.campolo@unirc.it; giualg@tin.it; francesca.laudani@unirc.it; antonino.malacrino@unirc.it; vpalmeri@unirc.it).
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Laudani
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di AGRARIA, University of Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy (orlando.campolo@unirc.it; giualg@tin.it; francesca.laudani@unirc.it; antonino.malacrino@unirc.it; vpalmeri@unirc.it).
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malacrinò
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria-CREA-Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee, Corso Savoia, 190 95024 Acireale, Catania, Italy (floravaleria.romeo@entecra.it; nicolina.timpanaro@entecra.it) and.
authors.forename: Nicolina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Timpanaro
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di AGRARIA, University of Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy (orlando.campolo@unirc.it; giualg@tin.it; francesca.laudani@unirc.it; antonino.malacrino@unirc.it; vpalmeri@unirc.it), vpalmeri@unirc.it.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Palmeri
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes; D000818:Animals; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007302:Insect Repellents; D007306:Insecticides; D007814:Larva; D009822:Oils, Volatile
chemical_list: D007302:Insect Repellents; D007306:Insecticides; D009822:Oils, Volatile
keywords: Asian tiger mosquito; alternative control method; bioinsecticide; botanical insecticide; vector