title: Factors related to the provision of home-based end-of-life care among home-care nursing, home help, and care management agencies in Japan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To promote home death, it is necessary to clarify the institutional barriers to conducting end-of-life (EOL) care and consider strategies to deal with this process. This study aims to clarify institution-related factors associated with the provision of home-based EOL care cases, and to compare them among three different types of home-care agencies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We administered a cross-sectional survey throughout Japan to investigate the number and characteristics of EOL cases of home-care nursing (HN), home-help (HH) and care management (CM) agencies. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed for each type of agency to examine factors related to the provision of EOL care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  378 HN agencies, 274 HH agencies, and 452 CM agencies responded to the distributed questionnaire. HN agencies had on average 2.1 (SD = 4.0; range 0-60) home-based EOL cases in the last 3 months, while HH agencies had 0.9 (SD = 1.3; range 0-7) and CM agencies had 1.5 (SD = 2.2; range 0-18) in the last 6 months. In a multivariable analysis of HN agencies, a large number of staff (OR: 1.52; p < 0.001) and a large number of collaborating CM agencies (OR: 1.08; p = 0.008) were positively associated with the provision of EOL care; in HH agencies, accepting EOL clients in the agency (OR: 3.29; p < 0.001) was positively associated with the provision of EOL care; in CM agencies, the number of staff (OR: 1.21; p = 0.037), the number of collaborating HH agencies (OR: 1.07; p = 0.032), and whether home-care nurses and home helpers visit clients together (OR: 1.89; p = 0.007) were positively associated with the provision of EOL care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The agency's size and the inter-agency collaborative system seemed most important among HN agencies and CM agencies, while institutional preparedness for EOL was most important for HH agencies. These findings represent important new information for targeting different effective strategies in the promotion of home-based EOL care, depending on the agency type.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. igarashi-a@umin.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ayumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan. kurinobutakeshi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurinobu
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan. ayakoukou72@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross College of Nursing, 4-1-3 Hiroo, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-0012, Japan. y-okamoto@redcross.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Sciences, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan. matsuura.shino@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shino
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China. jianr1027@126.com.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. noriko-tky@umin.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto-Mitani
mesh_terms: D006699:Home Care Services; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009735:Nursing Homes; D013727:Terminal Care