title: Concentrations of AB-CHMINACA and AB-PINACA and Driving Behavior in Suspected Impaired Driving Cases.
abstract: This article reviews case reports for 58 suspected impaired driving cases that were positive for the synthetic cannabinoids AB-CHMINACA or AB-PINACA. All cases were submitted to the Washington State Patrol Toxicology Laboratory in 2014 from either Washington State or State of Alaska law enforcement agencies. The population of drivers was predominantly male (95%), with a mean age of 28 years (range, 18-61 years). The range of blood concentrations was 0.6->10 ng/mL for AB-CHMINACA (N = 33) and 0.6-41.3 ng/mL for AB-PINACA (N = 25). Drug Recognition Expert exams were performed in 10 cases for each AB-CHMINACA and AB-PINACA. Horizontal gaze nystagmus was observed in 50 and 60% of the cases, respectively. Overall, several physiological indicators varied from those typically observed with marijuana use. The majority of these cases had very poor driving; subjects were involved in an accident, found passed out in a vehicle or were called in as a suspected impaired driver. Slurred speech, confusion, lack of coordination/dexterity and lethargy were commonly observed.
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Laboratory Division, Washington State Patrol, 2203 Airport Way S., Ste 360, Seattle, WA 98134, USA brianna.peterson@wsp.wa.gov.
authors.forename: Brianna L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Laboratory Division, Washington State Patrol, 2203 Airport Way S., Ste 360, Seattle, WA 98134, USA.
authors.forename: Fiona J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Couper
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving; D001519:Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007191:Indazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014633:Valine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007191:Indazoles; C000599671:N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide; D014633:Valine; C000606289:N-(1-(aminocarbonyl)-2-methylpropyl)-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide