title: Analysis of Measured and Simulated Supraglottal Acoustic Waves.
abstract: To date, although much attention has been paid to the estimation and modeling of the voice source (ie, the glottal airflow volume velocity), the measurement and characterization of the supraglottal pressure wave have been much less studied. Some previous results have unveiled that the supraglottal pressure wave has some spectral resonances similar to those of the voice pressure wave. This makes the supraglottal wave partially intelligible. Although the explanation for such effect seems to be clearly related to the reflected pressure wave traveling upstream along the vocal tract, the influence that nonlinear source-filter interaction has on it is not as clear. This article provides an insight into this issue by comparing the acoustic analyses of measured and simulated supraglottal and voice waves. Simulations have been performed using a high-dimensional discrete vocal fold model. Results of such comparative analysis indicate that spectral resonances in the supraglottal wave are mainly caused by the regressive pressure wave that travels upstream along the vocal tract and not by source-tract interaction. On the contrary and according to simulation results, source-tract interaction has a role in the loss of intelligibility that happens in the supraglottal wave with respect to the voice wave. This loss of intelligibility mainly corresponds to spectral differences for frequencies above 1500 Hz.
authors.affiliation: Signal Theory and Communications Department-ETSIS Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Campus Sur, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: rfraile@ics.upm.es.
authors.forename: Rubén
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fraile
authors.affiliation: Department of Phonetics, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Vera V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Evdokimova
authors.affiliation: Department of Phonetics, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Karina V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Evgrafova
authors.affiliation: Signal Theory and Communications Department-ETSIS Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Campus Sur, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Godino-Llorente
authors.affiliation: Department of Phonetics, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Pavel A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Skrelin
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000162:Acoustics; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D005931:Glottis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment; D007830:Larynx / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D010699:Phonation; D011312:Pressure; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013065:Speech Intelligibility; D013067:Speech Perception; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D014732:Vibration; D014833:Voice Quality
keywords: Biomechanical modeling; Biomedical acoustics; Speech analysis; Voice production modeling & simulation