title: Broflanilide: A meta-diamide insecticide with a novel mode of action.
abstract: Broflanilide is a meta-diamide [3-benzamido-N-(4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl)benzamide] that exhibits high larvicidal activity against Spodoptera litura. It has been suggested that broflanilide is metabolized to desmethyl-broflanilide and that it acts as a noncompetitive resistant-to-dieldrin (RDL) γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor antagonist. The binding site of desmethyl-broflanilide was demonstrated to be distinct from that of conventional noncompetitive antagonists such as fipronil. It has been proposed that the site of action for desmethyl-broflanilide is close to G336 in the M3 region of the Drosophila RDL GABA receptor. However, although the site of action for desmethyl-broflanilide appears to overlap with that of macrocyclic lactones, different modes of actions have been demonstrated for desmethyl-broflanilide and the macrocyclic lactones. The mechanisms underlying the high selectivity of meta-diamides are also discussed in this review. Broflanilide is expected to become a prominent insecticide because it is effective against pests with resistance to cyclodienes and fipronil.
authors.affiliation: Agrochemicals Research Center, Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc., Mobara, Chiba 297-0017, Japan. Electronic address: Toshifumi.Nakao@mitsuichemicals.com.
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.affiliation: Agrochemicals Research Center, Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc., Mobara, Chiba 297-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banba
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001549:Benzamides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018756:GABA Antagonists / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D018079:Receptors, GABA / Q000378:metabolism*; D018411:Spodoptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D005466:Fluorocarbons
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D018756:GABA Antagonists; D007306:Insecticides; D018079:Receptors, GABA; C000611441:3-benzamido-N-(4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl)benzamide; D005466:Fluorocarbons
keywords: A2′ mutation; Broflanilide; Insecticide; Meta-diamide; RDL GABA receptor