title: A Cross-Species Analysis of Animal Models for the Investigation of Preterm Birth Mechanisms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spontaneous preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The ability to examine the exact mechanisms underlying this syndrome in humans is limited. Therefore, the study of animal models is critical to unraveling the key physiologic mechanisms that control the timing of birth. The purpose of this review is to facilitate enhanced assimilation of the literature on animal models of preterm birth by a broad range of investigators.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using classical systematic and informatics search techniques of the available literature through 2012, a database of intact animal models was generated. Research librarians generated a list of articles using multiple databases. From these articles, a comprehensive list of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) was created. Using mathematical modeling, significant MeSH descriptors were determined, and a MEDLINE search algorithm was created. The articles were reviewed for mechanism of labor induction categorized by species.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Existing animal models of preterm birth comprise specific interventions to induce preterm birth, as no animal model was identified that exhibits natural spontaneous preterm birth at an incidence comparable to that of the humans. A search algorithm was developed which when used results in a comprehensive list of agents used to induce preterm delivery in a host of animal species. The evolution of 3 specific animal models--sheep, mice, and rats--has demonstrated a clear shift in focus in the literature from endocrine to inflammatory agents of preterm birth induction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The process of developing a search algorithm to provide efficient access to information on animal models of preterm birth illustrates the need for a more precise organization of the literature to allow the investigator to focus on distinctly maternal versus fetal outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
authors.forename: Brian W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Bonney
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Bradley D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.affiliation: The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA.
authors.forename: Leah Rae
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Donahue
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Informatics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA neil_sarkar@brown.edu.
authors.forename: Indra Neil
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Sarkar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D002417:Cattle; D006224:Cricetinae; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D023421:Models, Animal; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D012756:Sheep; D013045:Species Specificity; D013552:Swine
keywords: animal models; obstetric labor; preterm birth