title: Evolution of blood-brain barrier damage associated with changes in brain metabolites following acute ischemia.
abstract: Stroke is a serious medical condition that requires emergency care. In the case of ischemic stroke, ischemia may lead to damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB); the damage in turn may exacerbate the condition. Therefore, noninvasive detection of BBB damage represents a challenge for experimental and clinical researchers. In this study, we assessed the onset of BBB disruption by means of T1-weighted images with administration of the contrast enhancement agent gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) and related BBB breakdown to brain metabolite changes in proton magnetic resonance spectrum (H-MRS) in the infarcted site following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. It was shown that MCAO for 30 min and 1.5 h caused no Gd-DTPA signal change in the T1-weighted images, whereas MCAO for 1 h significantly altered some of H-MRS brain metabolites, suggesting that brain metabolite changes occurred earlier than BBB damage after ischemic stroke. MCAO for 2 h caused BBB breakdown, which was related to changes in the levels of some brain metabolites detected by H-MRS. Between the second and the third hour after MCAO, brain metabolite changes continued as the result of BBB breakdown and the concurrent overperfusion to the infarcted site, which may ameliorate the metabolite changes, thus compensating for the functional failures of the brain after stroke.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangnan University bDepartment of Basic Medicine, Jiangnan University Medical School, Wuxi cDepartment of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou dDepartment of Anatomy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China eDepartment of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Gen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Yinghua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xuan
authors.forename: Zhuozhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Guishan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Haiyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mikulis
authors.forename: Renhua
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000502:physiology; D003287:Contrast Media; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D011897:Random Allocation; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020521:Stroke / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA