title: Bond Strength of Resin Cements to Zirconia Ceramic Using Adhesive Primers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of adhesive primers on the microshear bond strength of resin cements to zirconia ceramic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty zirconia plates (12 mm × 5 mm × 1.5 mm thick) of a commercially available zirconium oxide ceramic (ZirCad) were sintered, sandblasted with aluminum oxide particles, and cleaned ultrasonically before bonding. The plates were randomly divided into five groups of 10. Three resin cements were selected (RelyX ARC, Multilink Automix, Clearfil SA Cement self-adhesive resin cement), along with two primers (Metal-Zirconia Primer, Alloy Primer) and one control group. The primers and resin cements were used according to manufacturers' recommendations. The control group comprised the conventional resin cement (RelyX ARC) without adhesive primer. Test cylinders (0.75 mm diameter × 1 mm high) were formed on zirconia surfaces by filling cylindrical Tygon tube molds with resin cement. The specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37°C, then tested for shear strength on a Shimadzu EZ Test testing machine at 0.5 mm/min. Bond strength data were analyzed statistically by two-way ANOVA and Dunnett's test (5%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bond strength means in MPa (± s.d.) were: RelyX ARC: 28.1 (6.6); Multilink Automix: 37.6 (4.5); Multilink Automix + Metal-Zirconia Primer: 55.7 (4.0); Clearfil SA Cement: 46.2 (3.3); and Clearfil SA Cement + Alloy Primer: 47.0 (4.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metal-Zirconia Primer increased the bond strength of Multilink Automix resin cement to zirconia, but no effect was observed for Alloy Primer using Clearfil SA Cement. RelyX ARC showed the lowest bond strength to zirconia.
authors.affiliation: Sao Leopoldo Mandic - School of Dentistry, Campinas, Brazil.|Private Practice, Sao Paolo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ariovaldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stefani
authors.affiliation: Sao Leopoldo Mandic - School of Dentistry, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rui Barbosa
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.affiliation: Sao Leopoldo Mandic - School of Dentistry, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sidney
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kina
authors.affiliation: Graduation Center, National Service of Commercial Learning, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Oswaldo Scopin
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Dentistry/Statistics Piracicaba School of Dentistry, Campinas State University, Piracicaba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gláucia Maria Bovi
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Ambrosano
authors.affiliation: Department of Prevention and Oral Rehabilitation, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andreia Assis
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giannini
mesh_terms: D002516:Ceramics; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D008422:Materials Testing; D011897:Random Allocation; D019279:Resin Cements; D033081:Shear Strength; D013499:Surface Properties; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: D003738:Dental Cements; D019279:Resin Cements; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide
keywords: Bond strength; adhesive primers; resin cements; zirconia ceramics