title: Arterial Embolisms and Thrombosis in Upper Extremity Ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Upper extremity ischemia (UEI) is an uncommon condition that can lead to permanent disability. There is a limited understanding of the etiology, management, and outcomes of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients who were diagnosed with "embolism and/or thrombosis of arteries of upper extremity" at our institution from January 2005 to December 2013.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients diagnosed with embolisms were older (P < .001), more likely to undergo thromboembolectomy (P < .001), had higher rates of hypertension (P = .001), and had longer lengths of hospital stay (P = .002). There were no significant differences in complications or mortality at 30 days and up to 1 year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At our center, embolism was found to be the most common etiology for UEI followed by thrombosis and stenosis. Patients presented with embolism were older, were more likely to undergo thromboembolectomy, and had higher rates of hypertension and longer hospital stays.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Medicine, Minneapolis Heart Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA Nedaa.skeik@allina.com.
authors.forename: Nedaa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Skeik
authors.affiliation: Minneapolis Heart Institute Research Foundation.
authors.forename: Sarah S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Soo-Hoo
authors.affiliation: Minneapolis Heart Institute Research Foundation.
authors.forename: Brandon R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Porten
authors.affiliation: Vascular Surgery Department, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Graber
authors.affiliation: Vascular Surgery Department, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alden
authors.affiliation: Vascular Surgery Department, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA Interventional Radiology, Minneapolis Heart Institute.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cragg
authors.affiliation: Vascular Surgery Department, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Jason Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.affiliation: Vascular Surgery Department, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rizvi
authors.affiliation: Vascular Surgery Department, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Jesse M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Manunga
authors.affiliation: Minneapolis Heart Institute Research Foundation.
authors.forename: Ross F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Garberich
authors.affiliation: Vascular Surgery Department, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D001158:Arteries; D015897:Comorbidity; D017128:Embolectomy; D004617:Embolism / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality; D007511:Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017131:Thrombectomy; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000098:blood supply*
keywords: arterial embolism; arterial thrombosis; upper extremity ischemia