title: Yellow head virus infection in black tiger shrimp reveals specific interaction with granule-containing hemocytes and crustinPm1 as a responsive protein.
abstract: Yellow head virus (YHV) causes acute infections and mass mortality in black tiger shrimp culture. Our study aims to investigate molecular interaction between YHV and circulating hemocytes of Penaeus monodon at early infection. Total shrimp hemocytes were isolated by Percoll gradient centrifugation and identified by flow cytometric analysis. At least three types of hemocyte cells were identified as hyaline, semi-granular, and granular hemocytes. Experimental infection of YHV in shrimp culture demonstrated drastic changes in total and each hemocyte cell counts. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated interaction and replication of YHV mainly with the granule-containing hemocytes and little to none in hyaline cell. These granule-containing hemocytes are proposed to be YHV targets providing the first line of defense to viral infection. Protein expression profiling of granule-containing hemocytes revealed several immune-responsive proteins including antimicrobial protein crustins (crustinPm1 and crustinPm4), alpha-2-macroglobulin, and kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitor. During an early phase of YHV infection at 6 hpi crustinPm1 illustrated a significant increase of mRNA and protein expression level in plasma. The results suggest that an antimicrobial crustinPm1 may participate in shrimp defense mechanism against YHV, especially on the granule-containing hemocytes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Salaya, Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand.
authors.forename: Phattara-Orn
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Havanapan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Salaya, Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand; Shrimp-Virus Interaction Laboratory (ASVI), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Suparat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taengchaiyaphum
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Salaya, Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand.
authors.forename: Albert J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ketterman
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Salaya, Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand. Electronic address: chartchai.kri@mahidol.ac.th.
authors.forename: Chartchai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Krittanai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000276:immunology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000276:immunology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D046828:Roniviridae; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; C570319:crustinPm1 protein, Penaeus monodon
keywords: CrustinPm1; Defense mechanism; Hemocyte; Penaeus monodon; Yellow head virus