title: More effective induction of anesthesia using midazolam-butorphanol-ketamine-sevoflurane compared with ketamine-sevoflurane in the common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus).
abstract: The common marmoset has been increasingly used for research in the biomedical field; however, there is little information available regarding effective methods of anesthesia in this species. This study retrospectively analyzed 2 regimens of anesthesia induction: intramuscular injection of ketamine followed by inhalation of 5% sevoflurane, and intramuscular injection of midazolam, butorphanol and ketamine followed by inhalation of 5% sevoflurane. Anesthetic depth did not reach the surgical anesthesia stage in 7 out of 99 animals receiving the former regimen, whereas there were only 2 such animals out of 273 receiving the latter regimen. The latter regimen, when followed by maintenance anesthesia with 3% sevoflurane inhalation, was successfully used in various nociceptive procedures. These results indicate that the injection of a combination of midazolam, butorphanol and ketamine followed by inhalation of a high concentration of sevoflurane is effective for anesthesia induction in marmosets.
authors.affiliation: Division of Primate Resources, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000662:veterinary*; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D000818:Animals; D002077:Butorphanol; D002144:Callithrix; D007649:Ketamine; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D007649:Ketamine; D002077:Butorphanol