title: Dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin after ischemic stroke: A review of the evidence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The safety and efficacy of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and clopidogrel in the setting of secondary stroke prevention are reviewed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antiplatelet therapy has been shown to reduce the risk of numerous vascular events, especially in the setting of secondary prevention. DAPT with aspirin and another antiplatelet agent such as clopidogrel, prasugrel, or ticagrelor has become the main stay of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) management. The underlying pathophysiologies of ACS, ischemic stroke, and transient ischemic attack (TIA) are similar. In the setting of ACS, DAPT has clearly been shown to improve outcomes over single antiplatelet therapy for up to 12 months after the ischemic event. However, the role for DAPT in the setting of ischemic stroke and TIA is less clear. The MATCH, CHARISMA, and SPS3 studies demonstrated that DAPT was associated with increased bleeding compared with single antiplatelet therapy without an appreciable reduction in ischemic events. Early initiation of DAPT proved beneficial in reducing future ischemic events in the FASTER and CHANCE trials; however, these trials did not provide enough evidence to recommend the routine use of DAPT in secondary stroke prevention, and current guidelines recommend against such therapy. DAPT with aspirin and clopidogrel appears to be effective only for patients with minor stroke or TIA when started within 24 hours of the ischemic event and continued for a maximum of 21 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Currently available evidence does not substantiate the widespread use of long-term aspirin with clopidogrel for the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke or TIA.
authors.affiliation: Kyle A. Davis, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Hospital Pharmacist, Internal Medicine; and Marta A. Miyares, Pharm.D., BCPS (AQ-Cardiology), CACP, is Clinical Hospital Pharmacist, Internal Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL. Eric Dietrich, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, and Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville. kyledavis760@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kyle A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Kyle A. Davis, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Hospital Pharmacist, Internal Medicine; and Marta A. Miyares, Pharm.D., BCPS (AQ-Cardiology), CACP, is Clinical Hospital Pharmacist, Internal Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL. Eric Dietrich, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, and Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville.
authors.forename: Marta A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Miyares
authors.affiliation: Kyle A. Davis, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Hospital Pharmacist, Internal Medicine; and Marta A. Miyares, Pharm.D., BCPS (AQ-Cardiology), CACP, is Clinical Hospital Pharmacist, Internal Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL. Eric Dietrich, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, and Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dietrich
mesh_terms: D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin