title: Fish chemokines 14, 20 and 25: A comparative statement on computational analysis and mRNA regulation upon pathogenic infection.
abstract: In this study, we reported a molecular characterization of three CC chemokines namely, CsCC-Chem14, CsCC-Chem20 and CsCC-Chem25 which are were identified from the established cDNA library of striped murrel Channa striatus. Multiple sequence alignment of all the three chemokines revealed the presence of gene specific domains and motifs including small cytokine domain, IL8 like domain, receptor binding site and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) binding sites. Three dimensional structures of the chemokines under study showed an important facet on their anti-microbial property. Tissue specific mRNA expression showed that the CsCC-Chem14 is highly expressed in spleen, CsCC-Chem20 in liver and CsCC-Chem25 in trunk kidney. On challenge C. striatus with oomycete fungus Aphanomyces invadans, both CsCC-Chem20 and CsCC-Chem25 showed significant (P < 0.05) up-regulation compared to CsCC-Chem14. The increase in the expression levels of CsCC-Chem20 and CsCC-Chem25 due to infection showed that they are antimicrobial proteins. But considering the CsCC-Chem14 expression, it is found to be a constitutive chemokine and is involved in homeostatic function in spleen of C. striatus. C. striatus challenged with bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila also exhibited different up-regulation pattern in all the three chemokines at various time points. However, extensive studies are required to determine the functional activities of CsCC-Chem14, CsCC-Chem20 and CsCC-Chem25 in vitro and in vivo to gain more knowledge at the molecular and proteomic levels.
authors.affiliation: Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: jesuaraj@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Jesu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arockiaraj
authors.affiliation: Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Prasanth
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bhatt
authors.affiliation: Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Venkatesh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumaresan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Nagarajan Balachandran
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Dhayanithi
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Aziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arshad
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Ramasamy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harikrishnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mariadhas Valan
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Arasu
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Naif Abdullah
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Al-Dhabi
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D016980:Aeromonas hydrophila / Q000502:physiology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D044744:Aphanomyces / Q000502:physiology; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019295:Computational Biology; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007239:Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010473:Perciformes; D010802:Phylogeny; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment / Q000662:veterinary; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D019742:Chemokines, CC; D029941:Fish Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: Bacteria; Chemokine; Fungus; Gene expression; Murrel