title: The effects of lycopene on intestinal injury due to methotrexate in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lycopene (Lyc) on methotrexate (Mtx)-induced intestinal damage in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four equal groups: control, Mtx, Lyc, and Mtx-L.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were given only the vehicle. Lyc group: Rats were given Lyc (10 mg/kg) with corn oil by oral gavage for 10 days. Mtx group: Rats were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of 20 mg/kg of Mtx and given corn oil by oral gavage. Mtx-L group: Rats were treated with Lyc (10 mg/kg) for 10 days after a single dose of Mtx (20 mg/kg). All of the rats were euthanized using terminal anesthesia, and the intestinal tissues were removed for histological examination and for pro-inflammatory cytokine measurement (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)), total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and oxidative stress index (OSI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mtx administration increased histopathological damage and increased TNF-α, IL-1β, TOS, TAC, and OSI levels in the small intestine tissues. Lyc therapy applied to the Mtx-L group provided significant improvement in all parameters of histopathological damage to the small intestine and significantly reduced the levels of IL-1β, TOS, and OSI in the intestinal tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that Lyc might be useful for protecting intestinal damage induced by Mtx in rats by reducing the increased oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β) levels.
authors.affiliation: a Department of General Surgery, Medical Faculty , Harran University , 63100 Sanliurfa , Turkey.
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yucel
authors.affiliation: b Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine , Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine , Turkey.
authors.forename: Suzan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tabur
authors.affiliation: a Department of General Surgery, Medical Faculty , Harran University , 63100 Sanliurfa , Turkey.
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gozeneli
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty , Harran University , 63100 Sanliurfa , Turkey.
authors.forename: Sezen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kocarslan
authors.affiliation: a Department of General Surgery, Medical Faculty , Harran University , 63100 Sanliurfa , Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seker
authors.affiliation: d Emergency Department, Medical Faculty , Harran University , 63100 Sanliurfa , Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Buyukaslan
authors.affiliation: e Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Harran University , 63100 Sanliurfa , Turkey.
authors.forename: Emin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Şavik
authors.affiliation: f Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty , Karabuk University , Karabuk , Turkey.
authors.forename: Alpay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aktumen
authors.affiliation: a Department of General Surgery, Medical Faculty , Harran University , 63100 Sanliurfa , Turkey.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozgonul
authors.affiliation: a Department of General Surgery, Medical Faculty , Harran University , 63100 Sanliurfa , Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uzunkoy
authors.affiliation: e Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Harran University , 63100 Sanliurfa , Turkey.
authors.forename: Nurten
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aksoy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000293:injuries; D000077276:Lycopene; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002338:Carotenoids; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005978:Glutathione; D000077276:Lycopene; D008727:Methotrexate
keywords: IL-1β; Intestinal injury; Lycopene; Methotrexate; Oxidative stress; TNF-α