title: Forceps, Actual Use, and Potential Cesarean Section Prevention: Study in a Selected Mexican Population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assessment of the frequency of complications observed with various forceps and operative vaginal delivery (OVD) techniques performed at the ABC Medical Center (Mexico City) to evaluate their safety, bearing in mind the importance of decreasing our country's high cesarean section incidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed 5,375 deliveries performed between the years 2007 and 2012, only 146 were delivered by OVD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 1.0% of the cases had a serious, life-threatening situation (uterine rupture). The Simpson forceps was the most favored instrument (46%) due to its simplicity of use, effectiveness, and familiarity. Prophylactic use was the most common indication (30.8%) and significant complications observed were vaginal lacerations (p = 0.016), relative risk (RR) of 3.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-10.04), and fourth degree perineal tear (p = 0.016), RR of 3.4 (95% CI: 1.15-10.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Forceps use and other OVD techniques are a safe alternative to be considered, diminishing C-section incidence and its complications.
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology Division, ABC Medical Center, I.A.P., Avenida Carlos Graef Fdez. 154, Santa Fe, 05300 Mexico City, Mexico ; Colegio Mexicano de Ginecología y Obstetricia (COMEGO), Torre WTC, Montecito 38-29 Of. 21, Col. Nápoles, Benito Juárez, 03810 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ayala-Yáñez
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology Division, ABC Medical Center, I.A.P., Avenida Carlos Graef Fdez. 154, Santa Fe, 05300 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Paulette
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bayona-Soriano
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology Division, ABC Medical Center, I.A.P., Avenida Carlos Graef Fdez. 154, Santa Fe, 05300 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hernández-Jimenez
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology Division, ABC Medical Center, I.A.P., Avenida Carlos Graef Fdez. 154, Santa Fe, 05300 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Contreras-Rendón
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology Division, ABC Medical Center, I.A.P., Avenida Carlos Graef Fdez. 154, Santa Fe, 05300 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chabat-Manzanera
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology Division, ABC Medical Center, I.A.P., Avenida Carlos Graef Fdez. 154, Santa Fe, 05300 Mexico City, Mexico ; Colegio Mexicano de Ginecología y Obstetricia (COMEGO), Torre WTC, Montecito 38-29 Of. 21, Col. Nápoles, Benito Juárez, 03810 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nevarez-Bernal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001720:Birth Injuries / Q000209:etiology*; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D022125:Lacerations / Q000209:etiology*; D008800:Mexico; D009772:Obstetrical Forceps / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D014620:Vacuum Extraction, Obstetrical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*