title: Carbon nanoparticle induced cytotoxicity in human mesenchymal stem cells through upregulation of TNF3, NFKBIA and BCL2L1 genes.
abstract: Carbon based nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanodiamond and carbon nanoparticles, have emerged as potential candidates for a wide variety of applications because of their unusual electrical, mechanical, thermal and optical properties. However, our understanding of how increased usage of carbon based nanomaterials could lead to harmful effects in humans and other biological systems is inadequate. Our present investigation is focused on the cellular toxicity of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Following exposure to CNPs, cell viability, nuclear morphological changes, apoptosis and cell cycle progression were monitored. Furthermore, the expression of genes involved in both cell death (e.g., P53, TNF3, CDKN1A, TNFRSF1A, TNFSF10, NFKBIA, BCL2L1) and cell cycle regulation (e.g., PCNA, EGR1, E2F1, CCNG1, CCND1, CCNC, CYCD3) were assessed using qPCR. Our results indicated that CNPs reduce cell viability and cause chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. Cell cycle analysis indicated that CNPs affect the cell cycle progression. However, the gene expression measurements confirmed that CNPs significantly upregulated the P53, TNF3, CDKNIA, and NFKBIA genes and downregulated the EGR1 gene in hMSCs. Our findings suggest that CNPs reduce cell viability by disrupting the expression of cell death genes in human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC). The results of this investigation revealed that CNPs exhibited moderate toxicity on hMSCs.
authors.affiliation: Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Vaiyapuri S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Periasamy
authors.affiliation: Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Jegan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Athinarayanan
authors.affiliation: Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Alfawaz
authors.affiliation: Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: alshatwi@ksu.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Ali A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Alshatwi
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D010316:Particle Size; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D002244:Carbon
keywords: Carbon nanoparticles; Cell cycle; Cell death; Mesenchymal stem cells; Nanomaterials