title: Statistical inference for the additive hazards model under outcome-dependent sampling.
abstract: Cost-effective study design and proper inference procedures for data from such designs are always of particular interests to study investigators. In this article, we propose a biased sampling scheme, an outcome-dependent sampling (ODS) design for survival data with right censoring under the additive hazards model. We develop a weighted pseudo-score estimator for the regression parameters for the proposed design and derive the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator. We also provide some suggestions for using the proposed method by evaluating the relative efficiency of the proposed method against simple random sampling design and derive the optimal allocation of the subsamples for the proposed design. Simulation studies show that the proposed ODS design is more powerful than other existing designs and the proposed estimator is more efficient than other estimators. We apply our method to analyze a cancer study conducted at NIEHS, the Cancer Incidence and Mortality of Uranium Miners Study, to study the risk of radon exposure to cancer.
authors.affiliation: School of Statistics and Mathematics, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, Hubei 430073, China.
authors.forename: Jichang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Dale P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Sandler
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
keywords: Primary 62D05; additive hazards model; inverse probability weight; outcome-dependent sampling; secondary 62N01