title: Magnetic susceptibility and isothermal remanent magnetization in human tissues: a study case.
abstract: This study evaluated the magnetic properties, magnetic susceptibility and isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) of tissue samples from the brain, liver, spleen, pancreas, heart and lungs, resected from human corpses, with the aim of identifying the magnetic mineral structures and understanding their possible connection to diseases, professional activity, age and gender of the individual, smoking habits and the environment. The heart was the organ with the highest values of magnetic susceptibility and the pancreas showed the lowest values. No relationship was found between magnetic susceptibility, IRM values and ages of the individuals. However the samples obtained in females showed lower values of magnetic susceptibility than those resected from males. The samples collected from the lungs of smokers have higher values of magnetic susceptibility and IRM indicating the presence of magnetic particles with an anthropic origin. Moreover, the complexity of the magnetic behaviour of these tissues may suggest a contribution of both biogenic and anthropogenic magnetic particles also due to some professional activities. In the brain a heterogeneous distribution of the magnetic susceptibility values was found, which might be related mainly to the diamagnetic behaviour of myelin-rich structures. This study suggests that although the diamagnetic and paramagnetic behaviour is common to all structures, magnetite-type structures are always present in the tissues and hematite-type structures may also contribute to the magnetic signal of the sample. IRM values are only dependent on the presence of magnetite or hematite-type magnetic structures and so this technique seems more suitable to achieve the characterization of biomagnetic structures than magnetic susceptibility.
authors.affiliation: Earth Sciences Institute, Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of Porto University, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal. hsantov@fc.up.pt.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sant'Ovaia
authors.affiliation: Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of Porto University, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Pathology - North Branch, National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Jardim Carrilho Videira, 4050-167, Porto, Portugal.|Department of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Alameda Professor Hernâni, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.|School of Health Sciences of Minho University, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.|Center of Forensic Sciences, National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Largo da Sé Nova, 3000-213, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, Geophysics Centre of University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3000-272, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, Geophysics Centre of University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3000-272, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rocha
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D044707:Forensic Sciences / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D008168:Lung / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D060306:Magnetometry; D059346:Magnets; D008297:Male; D009790:Occupations; D010179:Pancreas / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking; D013154:Spleen / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles
keywords: Human tissues; Isothermal remanent magnetization; Magnetic susceptibility; Magnetite