title: Physical examination-indicated cerclage in singleton and twin pregnancies: maternal-fetal outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study maternal and perinatal outcomes after physical examination-indicated cerclage in both singleton and twin pregnancies and evaluate the possible risk factors associated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of all women undergoing physical examination-indicated cerclage at the Hospital Vall d'Hebro, Barcelona from January 2009 to December 2012 after being diagnosed with cervical incompetence and risk of premature birth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, 60 cases of women diagnosed with cervical incompetence who were carrying live and morphologically-normal fetuses (53 singleton and 7 twin pregnancies), and who had an imminent risk of premature birth were evaluated. Mean gestational age until birth was 35 weeks in singleton and 32 weeks in twin pregnancies. Four cases (7.5%) of immature births and one case (2.0%) of neonatal death were recorded in singleton pregnancies. No cases of immature births or neonatal deaths were recorded in twin pregnancies. Diagnostic amniocentesis was performed IN all cases to rule out possible chorioamnionitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physical examination-indicated cerclage for cervical incompetence in women at risk for immature or preterm birth demonstrates good perinatal prognosis without increasing maternal morbidity in either singleton or twin pregnancies. The increase in gestation time in our study may also have been due to the fact that patients with subclinical chorioamnionitis were excluded by diagnostic amniocentesis.
authors.affiliation: a Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics, Hospital Universitari Vall D'hebron, Universitat Autonoma De Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bernabeu
authors.affiliation: a Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics, Hospital Universitari Vall D'hebron, Universitat Autonoma De Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goya
authors.affiliation: a Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics, Hospital Universitari Vall D'hebron, Universitat Autonoma De Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Miquel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martra
authors.affiliation: a Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics, Hospital Universitari Vall D'hebron, Universitat Autonoma De Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suy
authors.affiliation: a Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics, Hospital Universitari Vall D'hebron, Universitat Autonoma De Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Laia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pratcorona
authors.affiliation: a Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics, Hospital Universitari Vall D'hebron, Universitat Autonoma De Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Carme
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Merced
authors.affiliation: a Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics, Hospital Universitari Vall D'hebron, Universitat Autonoma De Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Llurba
authors.affiliation: a Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics, Hospital Universitari Vall D'hebron, Universitat Autonoma De Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Manel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Casellas
authors.affiliation: a Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics, Hospital Universitari Vall D'hebron, Universitat Autonoma De Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carreras
authors.affiliation: a Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics, Hospital Universitari Vall D'hebron, Universitat Autonoma De Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cabero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023802:Cerclage, Cervical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010808:Physical Examination; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk; D059285:Pregnancy, Twin / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D002581:Uterine Cervical Incompetence / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Amniocentesis; chorioamnionitis; physical examination-indicated cerclage; preterm birth