title: Acetyl-CoA synthetase is activated as part of the PDH-bypass in the oleaginous green alga Chlorella desiccata.
abstract: In a recent study, it has been shown that biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG) in the oleaginous green alga Chlorella desiccata is preceded by a large increase in acetyl-coenzyme A (Ac-CoA) levels and by upregulation of plastidic pyruvate dehydrogenase (ptPDH). It was proposed that the capacity to accumulate high TAG critically depends on enhanced production of Ac-CoA. In this study, two alternative Ac-CoA producers-plastidic Ac-CoA synthase (ptACS) and ATP citrate lyase (ACL)-are shown to be upregulated prior to TAG accumulation under nitrogen deprivation in the oleaginous species C. desiccata, but not in the moderate TAG accumulators Dunaliella tertiolecta and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Measurements of endogenous acetate production and of radiolabelled acetate incorporation into lipids are consistent with the upregulation of ptACS, but suggest that its contribution to the overall TAG biosynthesis is negligible. Induction of ACS and production of endogenous acetate are correlated with activation of alcohol dehydrogenase, suggesting that the upregulation of ptACS is associated with activation of PDH-bypass in C. desiccata. It is proposed that activation of the PDH-bypass in C. desiccata is needed to enable a high rate of lipid biosynthesis under nitrogen deprivation by controlling the level of pyruvate reaching ptPHD and/or mtPDH. This may be an important parameter for massive TAG accumulation in microalgae.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel avidan@mpimp-golm.mpg.de uri.pick@weizmann.ac.il.
authors.forename: Omri
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Avidan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel avidan@mpimp-golm.mpg.de uri.pick@weizmann.ac.il.
authors.forename: Uri
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Pick
mesh_terms: D001275:ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase / Q000378:metabolism; D000106:Acetate-CoA Ligase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D002708:Chlorella / Q000201:enzymology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D018087:Plastids / Q000201:enzymology; D011768:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011768:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; D014280:Triglycerides; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; D001275:ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase; D000106:Acetate-CoA Ligase; D009584:Nitrogen; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: ATP citrate lyase; Acetyl-CoA synthase; Chlorella desiccata; PDH-bypass; green algae; triacylglycerol biosynthesis.