title: Bone reconstruction after surgical treatment of experimental peri-implantitis defects at a sandblasted/acid-etched hydroxyapatite-coated implant: an experimental study in the dog.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate bone formation/osseointegration following surgical treatment of experimental peri-implantitis at dental implants with different surface characteristics exposed to ligature-induced breakdown conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten turned (control), 10 sandblasted/acid-etched (SA), and 10 SA/hydroxyapatite nanocoated (HA) implants were installed into the edentulated posterior mandible in five Beagle dogs and allowed to osseointegrate for 12 weeks. Ligature-induced breakdown defects were then induced over 23 weeks using stainless steel wire ligatures. The ligatures were removed and soft tissues were allowed to heal for 3 weeks. Next, exposed implant surfaces were decontaminated followed by guided bone regeneration using a collagen membrane and submerged wound healing. The animals were euthanized for histometric analysis at 12 weeks post-surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The radiographic analysis showed vertical bone loss following ligature-induced breakdown without statistically significant differences among implant technologies. The histometric analysis showed significantly enhanced bone formation (height) at SA and SA/HA compared with turned implants (p = 0.028) following reconstructive surgery. Bone formation area was greater at SA/HA compared with turned implants, however the difference did not reach statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While ligature-induced defect progression does not appear implant surface dependent in this animal model, bone formation at the decontaminated implant surfaces appears more favourable at SA and SA/HA over turned implants following reconstructive surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Namgoong
authors.affiliation: Implant R&D Center, Osstem Implant Inc., Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Myung-duck
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ku
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: In-Chul
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Rhyu
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Moo
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yang Jo
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Seol
authors.affiliation: Implant R&D Center, Osstem Implant Inc., Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Applied Periodontal & Craniofacial Regeneration (LAPCR), Georgia Regents University, College of Dental Medicine, Augusta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Cristiano
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Susin
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Applied Periodontal & Craniofacial Regeneration (LAPCR), Georgia Regents University, College of Dental Medicine, Augusta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Ulf M E
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1607-0583
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Wikesjö
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Koo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015921:Dental Implants; D004285:Dogs; D017886:Durapatite; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D016348:Osseointegration; D057873:Peri-Implantitis; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000601:surgery; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D017886:Durapatite; D014025:Titanium
keywords: acid-etched surface; animal study; dental implants; guided bone regeneration; hydroxyapatite; ligature-induced breakdown