title: Antifibrinolytic therapy in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage increases the risk for deep venous thrombosis: A case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aneurysm re-rupture is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). While antifibrinolytics reduce aneurysm re-rupture rates, they have been associated with hydrocephalus, delayed cerebral ischemia, and venous thrombosis. We performed a case-control study in patients enrolled in the Cerebral Aneurysm Renin Angiotensin System (CARAS) study to evaluate the impact of short course (<48 h) ɛ-aminocaproic acid (EACA) on deep venous thrombosis (DVT) rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study design was utilized to evaluate the effect of EACA on DVT formation. All cases and controls were obtained from the CARAS study, a prospective, blinded study assessing the association of polymorphisms in the renin angiotensin system and aSAH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and twenty-eight eligible patients were enrolled in CARAS. Overall, 48 (37.5%) patients were screened for DVT, 57 (44.5%) patients were treated with short course (<48 h) EACA, and 8 (6.3%) patients suffered a re-rupture (4 treated with EACA). Ten patients (7.8%) were diagnosed with DVT as evidenced by Doppler US and represent the cases. Twenty controls without evidence of a DVT matched for age, sex, race, tobacco history, Hunt-Hess score, Fisher grade, body mass index, and length of stay were identified from the remaining pool of 118 patients. EACA was found to significantly increase the risk of DVT formation in patients with aSAH (OR 8.49, CI 1.27-77.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short course (<48 h) administration of EACA in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is associated with an 8.5 times greater risk of DVT formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States. Electronic address: pforeman@uabmc.edu.
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Foreman
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, United States.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Harrigan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
authors.forename: Winfield S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.affiliation: Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States.
authors.forename: R Shane
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tubbs
authors.affiliation: Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States.
authors.forename: Mohammadali M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Shoja
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
authors.forename: Christoph J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Griessenauer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015119:Aminocaproic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017542:Aneurysm, Ruptured / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents; D015119:Aminocaproic Acid
keywords: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage; Antifibrinolytic; Deep venous thrombosis; ɛ-Aminocaproic acid