title: Screening for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Cervicitis and Implications for Pregnancy Outcome. Are We Testing and Treating at the Right Time?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of gonorrheal and chlamydial cervicitis (GCC) on the risk of preterm labor (PTL) and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).
  
  
  METHODS
  A large cross-sectional sample of patients (N = 1,120) was studied. Data on samples for GCC and pregnancy outcome were entered into a database from a retrospective chart review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 1,120 pregnancies with adequate data for analysis. Of those pregnancies 933 were unaffected by GCC, and 187 were affected. The rates of preterm delivery were 17.79% and 16.58% for GCC-negative and GCC-positive pregnancies, respectively. PPROM occurred in 3.97% and 2.67% of GCC-negative and GCC-positive pregnancies, respectively. PTL occurred in 8.25% and 8.02% of GCC-negative and GCC-positive pregnancies, respectively. No outcomes met statistical significance. When pregnancy outcomes were analyzed by trimester of infection, there was a higher risk of preterm delivery but not preterm labor with earlier infection. This did meet statistical significance. There was a trend towards lower rate of cesarean section in the infected group of patients, which did not meet statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal infection with gonorrhea and/or chlamydia is not associated with PPROM or PTL.
authors.forename: Meghan G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Hongmei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Paul C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Browne
mesh_terms: D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013022:South Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology