title: Education Against Tobacco (EAT): a quasi-experimental prospective evaluation of a multinational medical-student-delivered smoking prevention programme for secondary schools in Germany.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the multinational medical-student-delivered tobacco prevention programme for secondary schools for its effectiveness to reduce the smoking prevalence among adolescents aged 11-15 years in Germany at half year follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a prospective quasi-experimental study design with measurements at baseline (t1) and 6 months postintervention (t2) to investigate an intervention in 8 German secondary schools. The participants were split into intervention and control classes in the same schools and grades.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1474 eligible participants of both genders at the age of 11-15 years were involved within the survey for baseline assessment of which 1200 completed the questionnaire at 6-month follow-up (=longitudinal sample). The schools participated voluntarily. The inclusion criteria were age (10-15 years), grade (6-8) and school type (regular secondary schools).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two 60 min school-based modules delivered by medical students.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary end point was the difference from t1 to t2 of the smoking prevalence in the control group versus the difference from t1 to t2 in the intervention group (difference of differences approach). The percentage of former smokers and new smokers in the two groups were studied as secondary outcome measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the control group, the percentage of students who claimed to be smokers doubled from 4.2% (t1) to 8.1% (t2), whereas it remained almost the same in the intervention group (7.1% (t1) to 7.4% (t2); p=0.01). The likelihood of quitting smoking was almost six times higher in the intervention group (total of 67 smokers at t1; 27 (4.6%) and 7 (1.1%) in the control group; OR 5.63; 95% CI 2.01 to 15.79; p<0.01). However, no primary preventive effect was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report a significant secondary preventive (smoking cessation) effect at 6-month follow-up. Long-term evaluation is planned.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Gießen, Germany.
authors.forename: Titus J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Brinker
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stamm-Balderjahn
authors.affiliation: Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Gießen, Germany.
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Seeger
authors.affiliation: Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Klingelhöfer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Groneberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012572:School Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012574:Schools; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: adolescents; medical students; school-based prevention; secondary schools; smoking cessation; tobacco prevention