title: Relationships between preclinical course grades and standardized exam performance.
abstract: Success in residency matching is largely contingent upon standardized exam scores. Identifying predictors of standardized exam performance could promote primary intervention and lead to design insights for preclinical courses. We hypothesized that clinically relevant courses with an emphasis on higher-order cognitive understanding are most strongly associated with performance on United States Medical Licensing Examination Step exams and National Board of Medical Examiners clinical subject exams. Academic data from students between 2007 and 2012 were collected. Preclinical course scores and standardized exam scores were used for statistical modeling with multiple linear regression. Preclinical courses were categorized as having either a basic science or a clinical knowledge focus. Medical College Admissions Test scores were included as an additional predictive variable. The study sample comprised 795 graduating medical students. Median score on Step 1 was 234 (interquartile range 219-245.5), and 10.2 % (81/795) scored lower than one standard deviation below the national average (205). Pathology course score was the strongest predictor of performance on all clinical subject exams and Step exams, outperforming the Medical College Admissions Test in strength of association. Using Pathology score <75 as a screening metric for Step 1 score <205 results in sensitivity and specificity of 37 and 97 %, respectively, and a likelihood ratio of 11.9. Performance in Pathology, a clinically relevant course with case-based learning, is significantly related to subsequent performance on standardized exams. Multiple linear regression is useful for identifying courses that have potential as risk stratifiers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 800679, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0709, USA. yh9b@virginia.edu.
authors.forename: Yinin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Undergraduate Medical Education, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Martindale
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Robin D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: LeGallo
authors.affiliation: Undergraduate Medical Education, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Casey B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 800679, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0709, USA.
authors.forename: Eugene D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: McGahren
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 800679, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0709, USA.
authors.forename: Anneke T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Schroen
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D003099:College Admission Test / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008007:Licensure, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Medical student education; Pathology; Risk-stratification; Standardized testing