title: Immunotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: an overview of clinical trials.
abstract: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death and current therapeutic strategies are often unsatisfactory. Identification and development of more efficacious therapies is urgently needed. Immunotherapy offered encouraging results in preclinical models during the last decades, and several clinical trials have explored its therapeutic application in PDAC. The aim of this review is to summarize the results of clinical trials conducted to evaluate the future perspective of immunotherapy in the treatment of PDAC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paniccia
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Merkow
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
authors.forename: Barish H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Edil
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
authors.forename: Yuwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
keywords: Immunotherapy; cancer vaccines; clinical trial; pancreatic neoplasm