title: Solid-Phase Extraction of Sulfur Mustard Metabolites Using an Activated Carbon Fiber Sorbent.
abstract: A novel solid-phase extraction method using activated carbon fiber (ACF) was developed and validated. ACF has a vast network of pores of varying sizes and microporous structures that result in rapid adsorption and selective extraction of sulfur mustard metabolites according to the pH of eluting solvents. ACF could not only selectively extract thiodiglycol and 1-methylsulfinyl-2-[2-(methylthio)-ethylsulfonyl]ethane eluting a 9:1 ratio of dichloromethane to acetone, and 1,1'-sulfonylbis[2-(methylsulfinyl)ethane] and 1,1'-sulfonylbis- [2-S-(N-acetylcysteinyl)ethane] eluting 3% hydrogen chloride in methanol, but could also eliminate most interference without loss of analytes during the loading and washing steps. A sample preparation method has been optimized for the extraction of sulfur mustard metabolites from human urine using an ACF sorbent. The newly developed extraction method was applied to the trace analysis of metabolites of sulfur mustard in human urine matrices in a confidence-building exercise for the analysis of biomedical samples provided by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.
authors.affiliation: The 5th R&D Institute-3rd, Agency for Defense Development (ADD), PO Box 35-5, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea marlintime@kaist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jin Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: The 5th R&D Institute-3rd, Agency for Defense Development (ADD), PO Box 35-5, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Han
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000737:chemistry; D053000:Analytic Sample Preparation Methods; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077482:Carbon Fiber; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D006801:Humans; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D008752:Methylene Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D009151:Mustard Gas / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D013440:Sulfides / Q000032:analysis; D013450:Sulfones / Q000032:analysis; D013454:Sulfoxides / Q000032:analysis; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D000077482:Carbon Fiber; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D013440:Sulfides; D013450:Sulfones; D013454:Sulfoxides; D000096:Acetone; C073452:1,1'-sulfonylbis(2-(methylsulfinyl)ethane); C073451:1-methylsulfinyl-2-(2-(methylthio)ethylsulfonyl)ethane; D008752:Methylene Chloride; D002244:Carbon; C047519:2,2'-thiodiethanol; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid; D009151:Mustard Gas; D000432:Methanol