title: Measuring Participation for Children and Youth With Power Mobility Needs: A Systematic Review of Potential Health Measurement Tools.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify and critically appraise potential participation measurement tools for children aged 18 months to 17 years with power mobility (PM) needs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Searches in 9 electronic databases identified peer-reviewed publications in English to January 2015, along with hand-searching included bibliographies.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses statement was followed with inclusion criteria set a priori. Keywords and subject headings included participation and measurement terms with descriptors of young people who are potential PM candidates. Publications describing measurement properties of English-language tools were included if the items included ≥ 85% content related to participation and described at least 2 participation dimensions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two reviewers reached consensus after independently screening titles and abstracts, identifying full-text articles meeting criteria, extracting data, and conducting quality ratings. Tool descriptions, clinical utility, and measurement properties were extracted. Study quality and measurement properties were evaluated using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments checklist and the McMaster Outcome Measures Rating Form.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1330 titles identified, 138 peer-reviewed publications met study inclusion criteria. Fifty tools were identified, of which 20 met inclusion criteria. Evidence supporting reliability and validity varied considerably. Two tools had responsiveness evidence, an important measurement property when evaluating change. Quality ratings were strongest for internal consistency and content validity. Ratings were downgraded because of small sample sizes and a limited description of missing data or study conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While potential tools emerged (Assessment of Preschool Children's Participation, Preferences for Activities of Children, Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation, Child Engagement in Daily Life, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Questionnaire of Young People's Participation), none were judged best suited for use with children having PM needs. Further empirical studies with this population are needed before recommending use for PM applications.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Programs in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Rehabilitation Research Program, GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Therapy Department, Sunny Hill Health Centre for Children, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Electronic address: dfield@cw.bc.ca.
authors.forename: Debra A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Field
authors.affiliation: Graduate Programs in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Rehabilitation Research Program, GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Stephen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.affiliation: Graduate Programs in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Tal
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jarus
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Research Program, GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abundo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D019988:Children with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D051346:Mobility Limitation
keywords: Mobility limitation; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation; Weights and measures; Wheelchairs