title: Sleep and anxiety in late childhood and early adolescence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adolescence is a period of dynamic change in both sleep and emotional systems, with related increases in problems controlling emotion and behavior. Youth with anxiety enter adolescence with pre-existing vulnerabilities in systems of sleep and emotion that may place them at heightened risk. This review summarizes recent research on sleep and anxiety during the transition to adolescence, and highlights emerging themes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prospective studies support that sleep predicts anxiety symptoms in early adolescence. Notably, robust evidence for subjective sleep problems in anxious youth is not well corroborated by objective assessments. Longitudinal designs and methodology that carefully examine dimensions of anxiety and sleep may clarify inconsistencies. Preliminary evidence suggests that late childhood to early adolescence may be a sensitive period for escalating problems with sleep and anxiety. Recent advances in the neuroscience of sleep can further refine integrative mechanistic models of developmental psychopathology - the role of sleep in emotional learning and memory is provided as an example.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sleep problems are common and prospectively predict escalating anxiety symptoms. Precision is needed regarding the nature of sleep disruption, and how and when sleep affects various aspects of developmental trajectories. This precision, along with advances in the neuroscience of sleep, may lead to developmentally informed translational interventions.
authors.affiliation: aUniversity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania bUniversity of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Dana L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: McMakin
authors.forename: Candice A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Alfano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D041923:Adolescent Development; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011599:Psychopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012890:Sleep; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*