title: Structural Insight into Cell Wall Architecture of Micanthus sinensis cv. using Correlative Microscopy Approaches.
abstract: Structural organization of the plant cell wall is a key parameter for understanding anisotropic plant growth and mechanical behavior. Four imaging platforms were used to investigate the cell wall architecture of Miscanthus sinensis cv. internode tissue. Using transmission electron microscopy with potassium permanganate, we found a great degree of inhomogeneity in the layering structure (4-9 layers) of the sclerenchymatic fiber (Sf). However, the xylem vessel showed a single layer. Atomic force microscopy images revealed that the cellulose microfibrils (Mfs) deposited in the primary wall of the protoxylem vessel (Pxv) were disordered, while the secondary wall was composed of Mfs oriented in parallel in the cross and longitudinal section. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy images indicated no variation in the Mf orientation of Pxv and the Mfs in Pxv were oriented more perpendicular to the cell axis than that of Sfs. Based on the integrated results, we have proposed an architectural model of Pxv composed of two layers: an outermost primary wall composed of a meshwork of Mfs and inner secondary wall containing parallel Mfs. This proposed model will support future ultrastructural analysis of plant cell walls in heterogeneous tissues, an area of increasing scientific interest particularly for liquid biofuel processing.
authors.affiliation: 1International Center for Bamboo and Rattan,Beijing 100102,China.
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: 2Shiyan Middle School,Shaanxi province,Xianyang 712000,China.
authors.forename: Xunli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: 1International Center for Bamboo and Rattan,Beijing 100102,China.
authors.forename: Shumin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: 1International Center for Bamboo and Rattan,Beijing 100102,China.
authors.forename: Genlin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: 1International Center for Bamboo and Rattan,Beijing 100102,China.
authors.forename: Xing'e
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002482:Cellulose / Q000032:analysis / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020894:Microfibrils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000379:methods*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission / Q000379:methods*; D006109:Poaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002482:Cellulose
keywords: AFM; TEM; cellulose microfibrils orientation; confocal Raman microscopy; layering structure