title: Multiple spinal arteriovenous fistulas: A case-based review.
abstract: The occurrence of multiple spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) is rare. The majority of cases reported are synchronous and the lesions are mainly found at different spinal levels. Metachronous AVFs have been defined as lesions that manifest in a temporal sequence after treatment of a first AVF. In this report, we present two distinct cases of multiple spinal AVFs. Also, we review the main features of the cases previously reported, with emphasis on the proposed theories for the origin of multiple AVFs. In patients with failure to improve after treatment of a spinal DAVF, a whole-spine angiographic examination is mandatory, not only to ascertain the complete closure of the treated fistula, but also to look for a possible second lesion at a different spinal level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: josue.avecillas@salud.madrid.org.
authors.forename: Josue M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Avecillas-Chasín
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurointerventional Radiology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Brin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurointerventional Radiology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lopez-Ibor
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Gregorio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Boto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D020785:Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D020235:Gait Apraxia / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010292:Paresthesia / Q000209:etiology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology
keywords: DAVF; Metachronous dural arteriovenous fistulas; Multiple fistulas; Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula; Synchronous dural arteriovenous fistulas