title: Clinical validation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based immunoassays in the early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: We assessed the clinical feasibility of conducting immunoassays based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in the early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). An autoantibody against citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) was used as a biomarker, magnetic beads conjugated with CCP were used as substrates, and the SERS nanotags were comprised of anti-human IgG-conjugated hollow gold nanospheres (HGNs). We were able to determine the anti-CCP serum levels successfully by observing the distinctive Raman intensities corresponding to the SERS nanotags. At high concentrations of anti-CCP (>25 U/mL), the results obtained from the SERS assay confirmed those obtained via an ELISA-based assay. Nevertheless, quantitation via our SERS-based assay is significantly more accurate at low concentrations (<25 U/mL). In this study, we compared the results of an anti-CCP assay of 74 clinical blood samples obtained from the SERS-based assay to that of a commercial ELISA kit. The results of the anti-CCP-positive group (n = 31, >25 U/mL) revealed a good correlation between the ELISA and SERS-based assays. However, in the anti-CCP-negative group (n = 43, <25 U/mL), the SERS-based assay was shown to be more reproducible. Accordingly, we suggest that SERS-based assays are novel and potentially useful tools in the early diagnosis of RA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyangah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chon
authors.affiliation: Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, South Korea.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sangyeop
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, 133-792, South Korea.
authors.forename: So-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, 133-792, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Soon
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, 133-792, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Cheol
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: EOne Laboratories, Songdo, 406-840, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: EOne Laboratories, Songdo, 406-840, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Woo
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: deMello
authors.affiliation: Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, South Korea. jbchoo@hanyang.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jaebum
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choo
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; C487763:cyclic citrullinated peptide
keywords: Anti-CCP; Early diagnosis; Immunoassay; Rheumatoid arthritis; Surface-enhanced Raman scattering