title: Administration of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-based antiretroviral therapy in an HIV-infected patient following unilateral nephrectomy.
abstract: We report the use of efavirenz 600 mg/emtricitabine 200 mg/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg, once daily in a 47-year-old black man with a solitary kidney and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In 1990, he underwent radiation, chemotherapy, and ultimately, a unilateral nephrectomy for Wilms' tumor. Because of previous reports of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-induced nephrotoxicity, our objective was to evaluate and monitor our patient's renal function over the course of 19 months based on serum creatinine, estimated creatinine clearance using the Cockroft-Gault equation, estimated glomerular filtration rate using the modification of diet in renal disease formula and urinalyses. After experiencing gastrointestinal side effects from other antiretroviral agents, our patient was switched to efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in June 2013. At baseline, his serum creatinine was 1.35 mg/dL, estimated creatinine clearance 68.7 mL/min (based on actual body weight of 71.8 kg), estimated glomerular filtration rate 72.9 mL/min/1.73 m(2), with a CD4 cell count of 119 cells/mm(3) (5%) and an undetectable HIV viral load. In March 2015, his weight was 73.2 kg, serum creatinine 1.42 mg/dL, estimated creatinine clearance 65.2 mL/min, estimated glomerular filtration rate 68.1 mL/min/1.73 m(2), with a CD4 cell count of 120 cells/mm(3) (10%) and an undetectable HIV viral load. Other authors have reported tenofovir-induced nephrotoxicity in patients with a solitary kidney. Our patient had no evidence of nephrotoxicity over the course of 19 months on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-based antiretroviral therapy (ART). He maintained adequate renal function, comparable to his baseline renal function. Our case report suggests that a tenofovir disoproxil fumurate-based ART may be a viable option for some patients with a solitary kidney. Additional studies and data are needed considering this is a small and relatively unstudied population.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Biagi
authors.affiliation: Section of Infectious Diseases Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA badowski@uic.edu.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Badowski
authors.affiliation: Section of Infectious Diseases Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chiampas
authors.affiliation: Section of Infectious Diseases Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Pyrai
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vaughn
authors.affiliation: Illinois Department of Corrections, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shicker
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Mahesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000009:adverse effects; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy; D000068698:Tenofovir / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000225:Adenine
keywords: AIDS; HAART; HIV; antiretroviral therapy; renal toxicity; solitary kidney; tenofovir; treatment