title: Parental self-efficacy and the management of childhood atopic eczema: development and testing of a new clinical outcome measure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Effective parental management of childhood eczema requires education and support to reduce disease severity and improve the child's quality of life. Self-efficacy is a key factor influencing effective chronic disease management, yet there are no published scales to measure parental self-efficacy in managing childhood eczema. The Parental Self-Efficacy with Eczema Care Index (PASECI) was designed to measure parental self-efficacy in managing childhood eczema as a pre- and postintervention tool in the evaluation of a structured Eczema Education Programme (EEP).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop and test the validity, reliability and sensitivity of a new outcome measure (PASECI) designed to assess parental self-efficacy in managing their child's eczema to determine pre- vs. postintervention changes in educational intervention evaluation studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  PASECI was developed from the literature, expert consultation and piloting of a 40-item prototype. The final 29-item scale is arranged in four subscales. Parents of children with eczema aged 0-16 years (n = 242) attending the EEP were assessed at 1 week pre-EEP and 4 weeks postintervention. Cronbach's α and factor analyses were undertaken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PASECI has face, content and construct validity. It is reliable, with high item internal consistency (α > 0·87 in all domains). Factor analysis revealed four viable domains. It was sensitive to change for postintervention measures using sign tests (P < 0·001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PASECI is a useful, valid, reliable and sensitive evaluative outcome measure of self-efficacy in parents managing childhood eczema.
authors.affiliation: School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ersser
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, U.K.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Farasat
authors.affiliation: St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation NHS Trust, London, U.K.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Social Care, University of Hull, Hull, U.K.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gardiner
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, U.K.
authors.forename: Z A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Sheppard
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Social Care, University of Hull, Hull, U.K.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cowdell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020377:Self Efficacy; D016896:Treatment Outcome