title: Relationship between soluble intercellular adhesion molecules and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood-oneset psychiatric disease, characterized by excessive overactivity, inattention, and impulsiveness. In recent studies, it is emphasized that inflammation may have a role in ADHD. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there are associations between ADHD and serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecules (s-ICAMs) which have important role in inflammatory diseases. We also measured the levels of these molecules after treatment with oros-methylphenidate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five patients diagnosed with ADHD according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-TR criteria and 18 healthy volunteer controls were included in this study. The levels of sICAMs were measured in the serum of the patients and healthy volunteers by ELISA kit as described.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of sICAM-1 and sICAM-2 were significantly higher in patients compared with controls. The level of sICAM-2 was decreased significantly in group treated with oros-methylphenidate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study pointing out the relationship between sICAMs and ADHD. The changes in sICAM-2 level may have a role in the effect mechanism of oros-methylphenidate, used for the treatment of ADHD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey alasehirli@gantep.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Belgin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alaşehirli
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Harran, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oguz
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gokcen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ayse Binnur
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Erbagcı
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orkmez
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors.forename: Abdullah T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Demiryurek
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; C573420:ICAM1 protein, human; C065289:ICAM2 protein, human; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D008774:Methylphenidate
keywords: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; inflammatory; intercellular adhesion molecules; oros-methylphenidate; psychiatric disorder