title: An fMRI study of multimodal selective attention in schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies have produced conflicting evidence regarding whether cognitive control deficits in patients with schizophrenia result from dysfunction within the cognitive control network (CCN; top-down) and/or unisensory cortex (bottom-up).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate CCN and sensory cortex involvement during multisensory cognitive control in patients with schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a multisensory Stroop task involving auditory and visual distracters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with schizophrenia exhibited an overall pattern of response slowing, and these behavioural deficits were associated with a pattern of patient hyperactivation within auditory, sensorimotor and posterior parietal cortex. In contrast, there were no group differences in functional activation within prefrontal nodes of the CCN, with small effect sizes observed (incongruent-congruent trials). Patients with schizophrenia also failed to upregulate auditory cortex with concomitant increased attentional demands.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest a prominent role for dysfunction within auditory, sensorimotor and parietal areas relative to prefrontal CCN nodes during multisensory cognitive control.
authors.affiliation: Andrew R. Mayer, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA and Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Faith M. Hanlon, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Terri M. Teshiba, BA, Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Stefan D. Klimaj, BS, Josef M. Ling, BA, Andrew B. Dodd, MS, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Vince D. Calhoun, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA and Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Juan R. Bustillo, MD, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Trent Toulouse, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA amayer@mrn.org.
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.affiliation: Andrew R. Mayer, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA and Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Faith M. Hanlon, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Terri M. Teshiba, BA, Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Stefan D. Klimaj, BS, Josef M. Ling, BA, Andrew B. Dodd, MS, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Vince D. Calhoun, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA and Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Juan R. Bustillo, MD, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Trent Toulouse, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
authors.forename: Faith M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Hanlon
authors.affiliation: Andrew R. Mayer, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA and Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Faith M. Hanlon, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Terri M. Teshiba, BA, Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Stefan D. Klimaj, BS, Josef M. Ling, BA, Andrew B. Dodd, MS, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Vince D. Calhoun, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA and Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Juan R. Bustillo, MD, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Trent Toulouse, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
authors.forename: Terri M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Teshiba
authors.affiliation: Andrew R. Mayer, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA and Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Faith M. Hanlon, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Terri M. Teshiba, BA, Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Stefan D. Klimaj, BS, Josef M. Ling, BA, Andrew B. Dodd, MS, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Vince D. Calhoun, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA and Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Juan R. Bustillo, MD, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Trent Toulouse, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
authors.forename: Stefan D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Klimaj
authors.affiliation: Andrew R. Mayer, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA and Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Faith M. Hanlon, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Terri M. Teshiba, BA, Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Stefan D. Klimaj, BS, Josef M. Ling, BA, Andrew B. Dodd, MS, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Vince D. Calhoun, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA and Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Juan R. Bustillo, MD, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Trent Toulouse, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
authors.forename: Josef M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: Andrew R. Mayer, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA and Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Faith M. Hanlon, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Terri M. Teshiba, BA, Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Stefan D. Klimaj, BS, Josef M. Ling, BA, Andrew B. Dodd, MS, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Vince D. Calhoun, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA and Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Juan R. Bustillo, MD, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Trent Toulouse, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Dodd
authors.affiliation: Andrew R. Mayer, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA and Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Faith M. Hanlon, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Terri M. Teshiba, BA, Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Stefan D. Klimaj, BS, Josef M. Ling, BA, Andrew B. Dodd, MS, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Vince D. Calhoun, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA and Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Juan R. Bustillo, MD, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Trent Toulouse, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
authors.forename: Vince D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Calhoun
authors.affiliation: Andrew R. Mayer, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA and Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Faith M. Hanlon, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Terri M. Teshiba, BA, Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Stefan D. Klimaj, BS, Josef M. Ling, BA, Andrew B. Dodd, MS, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Vince D. Calhoun, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA and Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Juan R. Bustillo, MD, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Trent Toulouse, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
authors.forename: Juan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bustillo
authors.affiliation: Andrew R. Mayer, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA and Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Faith M. Hanlon, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Terri M. Teshiba, BA, Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Stefan D. Klimaj, BS, Josef M. Ling, BA, Andrew B. Dodd, MS, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Vince D. Calhoun, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA and Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Juan R. Bustillo, MD, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Trent Toulouse, PhD, The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
authors.forename: Trent
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toulouse
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D001931:Brain Mapping; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011930:Reaction Time; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications*; D055815:Young Adult