title: Is Male Migraine Associated With Color Vision Deficiency? Findings Among Israeli Adolescents Between 2007 and 2013.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Accumulating clinical and experimental evidence has shown that migraine patients tend to suffer from color vision abnormalities. The aim of this study was to examine whether color vision deficiency is associated with male migraine in a large population of adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population included all Israeli male adolescents who underwent medical and cognitive examinations as part of their recruiting process between the years 2007 and 2013. Migraine prevalence among patients with color vision deficiency was compared to that of males without substantial color vision abnormalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study population included 305 964 male adolescents at the age of 17 ± 0.6, of whom 7584 (2.5%) had color vision deficiency, as determined by the Farnsworth Panel D-15 color blindness test. Males with color vision deficiency had a 32% increased prevalence of migraine as compared with the control group (odds ratio 1.32, 95% confidence interval 1.18-1.48, P < .001), after adjusting for multiple variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors found an association between color vision deficiency and migraine in male adolescents. The study results lay the basis for further research into male migraine, as well as the visual aspects of migraine.
authors.affiliation: Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Aviv, Israel Neurosurgery Department, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel assaf.berger@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Assaf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.affiliation: Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Aviv, Israel Neurology Department, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Findler
authors.affiliation: Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Tzfanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Korach
authors.affiliation: Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Oshrat Fono
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Yativ
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Department, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Yoav
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gronovich
authors.affiliation: Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Ayal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hassidim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003117:Color Vision Defects / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: color vision deficiency; male adolescents; migraine