title: Antibacterial effect of doxycycline-coated dental abutment surfaces.
abstract: Biofilm formation on dental abutment may lead to peri-implant mucositis and subsequent peri-implantitis. These cases are clinically treated with antibiotics such as doxycycline (Doxy). Here we used an electrochemical method of cathodic polarization to coat Doxy onto the outer surface of a dental abutment material. The Doxy-coated surface showed a burst release in phosphate-buffered saline during the first 24 h. However, a significant amount of Doxy remained on the surface for at least 2 weeks especially on a 5 mA-3 h sample with a higher Doxy amount, suggesting both an initial and a long-term bacteriostatic potential of the coated surface. Surface chemistry was analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry. Surface topography was evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscopy and blue-light profilometry. Longer polarization time from 1 h to 5 h and higher current density from 1 to 15 mA cm(-2) resulted in a higher amount of Doxy on the surface. The surface was covered by a layer of Doxy less than 100 nm without significant changes in surface topography. The antibacterial property of the Doxy-coated surface was analyzed by biofilm and planktonic growth assays using Staphylococcus epidermidis. Doxy-coated samples reduced both biofilm accumulation and planktonic growth in broth culture, and also inhibited bacterial growth on agar plates. The antibacterial effect was stronger for samples of 5 mA-3 h coated with a higher amount of Doxy compared to that of 1 mA-1 h. Accordingly, an abutment surface coated with Doxy has potential for preventing bacterial colonization when exposed to the oral cavity. Doxy-coating could be a viable way to control peri-implant mucositis and prevent its progression into peri-implantitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Ingun L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Witsø
authors.forename: Dawid
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jugowiec
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tiainen
authors.forename: Maziar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shabestari
authors.forename: Ståle P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Lyngstadaas
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lönn-Stensrud
authors.forename: Håvard J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Haugen
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D000044:Dental Abutments / Q000382:microbiology*; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D004343:Drug Implants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D004343:Drug Implants; D004318:Doxycycline