title: Fish consumption and risk of depression: a meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association between fish consumption and risk of depression is controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science database for all relevant studies up to March 2015. We pooled the relative risks (RRs) with 95% CIs from individual studies with random effects model, and conducted meta-regression to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was estimated by Egger's test and the funnel plot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 26 studies involving 150,278 participants were included in the present meta-analysis. The pooled RR of depression for the highest versus lowest consumption of fish was 0.83 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.93). The findings remained significant in the cohort studies (RR=0.84, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.94, n=10) as well as in the cross-sectional studies (RR=0.82, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.00, n=16). When men and women were analysed separately, a significant inverse association was also observed. There was no evidence of publication bias.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This meta-analysis indicates that high-fish consumption can reduce the risk of depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dongfeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D004032:Diet; D005396:Fish Products; D005399:Fishes; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: DEPRESSION; DIET; EPIDEMIOLOGY