title: Attaining genetic height potential: Analysis of height outcomes from the ANSWER Program in children treated with growth hormone over 5 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to assess attainment of genetic height potential after long-term growth hormone (GH) treatment in GH-naïve children diagnosed with isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD), multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD), born small for gestational age (SGA), or idiopathic short stature (ISS) enrolled in the American Norditropin®
  
  
  METHODS
  Web-enabled Research (ANSWER) Program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children with IGHD (n=2884), MPHD (n=200), SGA (n=481), or ISS (n=733) with baseline height standard deviation score (HSDS)≤-2 were assessed over 5 years of GH treatment for mean HSDS, change in HSDS (ΔHSDS), and corrected HSDS (HSDS-target HSDS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean HSDS and corrected HSDS significantly increased to close to target height across all diagnostic groups after 5 years of GH treatment (P<0.0001). ∆HSDS at year 5 increased for all groups (IGHD: 1.8; MPHD: 2.1; SGA: 1.8; ISS: 1.6). Among patients who continued GH for 5 years, mean insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) SDS increased to within normal range across all groups. Body mass index (BMI) SDS remained relatively stable in all diagnostic groups. Bone age (BA) increased, and the mean BA to chronological age (BA/CA) ratio reached or approached 1 across diagnostic groups over 5 years of GH treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term GH therapy resulted in a significant increase in mean HSDS and corrected HSDS from baseline values in all diagnostic groups. The observed increase in mean corrected HSDS is consistent with growth that approached the patients' genetic height potential, although complete height gains will be evaluated at the attainment of final height.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, United States. Electronic address: judith.ross@jefferson.edu.
authors.forename: Judith L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States. Electronic address: plee@hmc.psu.edu.
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Novo Nordisk Inc., Plainsboro, NJ, United States. Electronic address: rogu@novonordisk.com.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gut
authors.affiliation: Novo Nordisk Inc., Plainsboro, NJ, United States. Electronic address: jgak@novonordisk.com.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Germak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001827:Body Height / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D004393:Dwarfism, Pituitary / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000172:deficiency / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007018:Hypopituitarism / Q000188:drug therapy; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D008297:Male; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019382:Human Growth Hormone
keywords: Adult height; Born small for gestational age; Human growth hormone; Idiopathic short stature; Isolated growth hormone deficiency; Multiple pituitary hormone deficiency; Short stature