title: Significant Association of Interleukin4 Intron 3 VNTR Polymorphism with Susceptibility to Gastric Cancer in a South Indian Population from Telangana.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy and remains a considerable public health burden worldwide. Genetic variations in genes encoding cytokines and their receptors influence the intensity of the Helicobacter pylori associated inflammatory response, which may contribute to individual differences in the outcome and severity of the disease. Interleukin4 is a typical pleiotropic T helper 2 (Th2) cytokine and is a critical mediator of Th1/Th2 balance. It is involved in the regulation of inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis in human organs, including gastric cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present retrospective case control study was undertaken to evaluate the association of IL4 intron 3 VNTR polymorphism with the susceptibility to GC in a south Indian population from Telangana state.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 182 patients with diagnosed GC and 326 randomly selected healthy controls were enrolled in the present study. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocytes and genotyping was determined by PCR-based assay. Association between genotypes and gastric cancer was examined by unconditional logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The variant 3R/2R and 2R/2R genotypes of IL4 exon3 VNTR polymorphism had about 1.9 fold and 3fold increased GC risk, respectively, when compared with 3R/3R genotype [3R/2R vs. 3R/3R: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.23-2.95 P = 0.004 and 2R/2R vs. 3R/3R: AOR (95%CI) = 2.96 (1.29-6.82), P = 0.011]. Furthermore, a significant increased risk of GC was found for the 2R allele carriers (3R/2R + 2R/2R) compared with the 3R/3R genotype (AOR (95%CI) = 2.04 (1.35-3.10), P = <0.000). The IL4 2R allele frequency was 0.28 among the GC group and 0.18 among the controls, and the difference was statistically significant (P = <0.000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study revealed an association of 2R allele and 2R carrier genotypes in the etiopathogenesis of GC in south Indian population.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Amar Chand
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bhayal
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Devulapalli
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Krishnaveni
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Kondadasula Pandu Ranga
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Adi Rakesh
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Akka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jyothy
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Pratibha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nallari
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Ananthapur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Venkateshwari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics*; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015847:Interleukin-4