title: Gene Expression Profiling and Molecular Signaling of Dental Pulp Cells in Response to Tricalcium Silicate Cements: A Systematic Review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Signaling molecules and responding dental pulp stem cells are the 2 main control keys of dentin regeneration/dentinogenesis. The aim of this study was to present a systematic review investigating the gene expression of various dental pulp cells in response to different variants of tricalcium silicate cements.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic search of the literature was performed by 2 independent reviewers followed by article selection and data extraction. Studies analyzing all sorts of dental pulp cells (DPCs) and any variant of tricalcium silicate cement either as the experimental or as the control group were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 39 articles were included in the review. Among the included studies, ProRoot MTA (Dentsply, Tulsa Dental, OK) was the most commonly used tricalcium silicate cement variant. The extracellular signal regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway was the most commonly activated pathway to be identified, and similarly, dentin sialophosphoprotein osteocalcin dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1, alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, osteopontin, type I collagen, and Runx2 were the most commonly expressed genes in that order of frequency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biodentine (Septodont Ltd, Saint Maur des Faussés, France), Bioaggregate (Innovative Bioceramix, Vancouver, BC, Canada), and mineral trioxide aggregate stimulate the osteogenic/odontogenic capacity of DPCs by proliferation, angiogenesis, and biomineralization through the activation of the extracellular signal regulated kinase ½, nuclear factor E2 related factor 2, p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase, p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor kappa B, and fibroblast growth factor receptor pathways. When DPCs are placed into direct contact with tricalcium silicate cements, they show higher levels of gene activation, which in turn could translate into more effective pulpal repair and faster and more predictable formation of reparative dentin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Special Care, PAECOMEDIS Research Cluster, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: elanagai.rathinam@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Elanagai
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rathinam
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Special Care, PAECOMEDIS Research Cluster, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sivaprakash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajasekharan
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, SIBAR Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ravi Teja
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Chitturi
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Special Care, PAECOMEDIS Research Cluster, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martens
authors.affiliation: Oral Biology, Dental School, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Coster
mesh_terms: D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000378:metabolism*; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000187:drug effects*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D017640:Silicates / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D016207:Cytokines; D003764:Dental Materials; D017640:Silicates; C506393:tricalcium silicate
keywords: Dental pulp cells; gene expression; molecular signaling; stem cells; tricalcium silicate cements