title: Terrestrial Trophic Transfer of Bulk and Nanoparticle La2O3 Does Not Depend on Particle Size.
abstract: The bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of bulk and nanoparticle (NP) La2O3 from soil through a terrestrial food chain was determined. To investigate the impact of growth conditions, lettuce (Lactuca sativa) was grown in 350 or 1200 g of bulk/NP amended soil. Leaf tissues were fed to crickets (Acheta domesticus) or darkling beetles (Tenebrionoidea); select crickets were fed to mantises. In the small pot (350 g), La2O3 exposure reduced plant biomass by 23-30% and La tissue content did not differ with particle size. In the large pot (1200 g), biomass was unaffected by exposure and La content in the tissues were significantly greater with bulk particle treatment. Darkling beetles exposed to bulk and NP La2O3-contaminated lettuce contained La at 0.18 and 0.08 mg/kg; respectively (significantly different, P < 0.05). Crickets fed bulk or NP La2O3-exposed lettuce contained 0.53 and 0.33 mg/kg, respectively (significantly different, P < 0.05) with 48 h of depuration. After 7 d of depuration, La content did not differ with particle size, indicating that 48 h may be insufficient to void the digestive system. Mantises that consumed crickets from bulk and NP-exposed treatments contained La at 0.05-0.060 mg/kg (statistically equivalent). These results demonstrate that although La does trophically transfer, biomagnification does not occur and NP levels are equivalent or less than the bulk metal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station , New Haven, Connecticut 06504, United States.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De la Torre Roche
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station , New Haven, Connecticut 06504, United States.
authors.forename: Alia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Servin
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station , New Haven, Connecticut 06504, United States.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hawthorne
authors.affiliation: Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.
authors.forename: Baoshan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY - College of Environmental Science and Forestry , Syracuse, New York 13210, United States.
authors.forename: Lee A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.affiliation: Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States.
authors.forename: Xingmao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY - College of Environmental Science and Forestry , Syracuse, New York 13210, United States.|Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry , Fuyang, Zhejiang 311400, China.
authors.forename: Guangcai
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station , New Haven, Connecticut 06504, United States.
authors.forename: Jason C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018533:Biomass; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D020387:Food Chain; D006135:Gryllidae; D007811:Lanthanum / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D018545:Lactuca / Q000254:growth & development; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D010087:Oxides; C103829:lanthanum oxide; D007811:Lanthanum