title: Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy in Hematology.
abstract: It is well demonstrated that the immune system can control and eliminate cancer cells. Immune-mediated elimination of tumor cells has been discovered and is the basis of both cancer vaccines and cellular therapies including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Adoptive T cell transfer has been improved to be more specific and potent and to cause less off-target toxicity. Currently, there are two forms of engineered T cells being tested in clinical trials: T cell receptor (TCR) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T cells. On 1 July 2014, the United States Food and Drug Administration granted 'breakthrough therapy' designation to anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy. Many studies were conducted to evaluate the benefits of this exciting and potent new treatment modality. This review summarizes the history of adoptive immunotherapy, adoptive immunotherapy using CARs, the CAR manufacturing process, preclinical and clinical studies, and the effectiveness and drawbacks of this strategy.
authors.affiliation: Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey E-mail: drpinarataca@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pınar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ataca
authors.forename: Önder
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Arslan
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D061025:Costimulatory and Inhibitory T-Cell Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D005818:Genetic Engineering / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000009:adverse effects; D008545:Melanoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D037182:T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology / Q000637:transplantation*
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D017252:CD3 Complex; C121704:CD3 antigen, zeta chain; D061025:Costimulatory and Inhibitory T-Cell Receptors; D016207:Cytokines; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins