title: Postoperative marijuana use and disordered eating among bariatric surgery patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current literature is scarce in documenting marijuana use after bariatric weight loss surgery (WLS).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to explore the association among marijuana use patterns, disordered eating, and food addiction behaviors in patients 2 years after WLS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university hospital in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (N = 50, mean age 28 y, standard deviation = 5.8) were administered a structured assessment that included the Addiction Severity Index, Yale Food Addiction Scale, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, and Disordered Eating Questionnaire. Marijuana use was defined based on the Addiction Severity Index as current use (within 30 d), recent use (use in last year), and increased use (increased use since surgery). Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact tests and linear regression methods adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, time since surgery, and change in body mass index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of the sample was female (76%) and underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (62%). Eighteen percent (18%) of the sample reported current marijuana use; 38% reported recent use; and 21.4% reported increased use post-WLS. A loss of controlled food intake was associated with current (P = .02) and increased post-WLS use (P = .01). Increased use and/or regular marijuana use predicted higher scores on eating disorder subscales compared with respective counterparts (P<.05). Current use did not significantly predict higher scores on the Yale Food Addiction Scale.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings indicated marijuana use in post-WLS patients despite recommendations against use. A subgroup of WLS patients may be at risk for disordered eating post-WLS, particularly those who used marijuana before surgery, and should be closely monitored for several years post-WLS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Population Health Sciences, Department of Public Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida; Division of Prevention Science and Community Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miami, Florida. Electronic address: DVidot@med.miami.edu.
authors.forename: Denise C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Vidot
authors.affiliation: Division of Prevention Science and Community Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Prado
authors.affiliation: Division of Laparoendoscopic and Bariatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Florida International University, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Nestor
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: De La Cruz-Munoz
authors.affiliation: Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spadola
authors.affiliation: Division of Laparoendoscopic and Bariatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Florida International University, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cuesta
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Population Health Sciences, Department of Public Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida; Division of Pediatric Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Messiah
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D064086:Medical Marijuana / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D064086:Medical Marijuana
keywords: Bariatric surgery; Disordered eating; Food addiction; Marijuana; Weight loss surgery