title: Risk Factors for Polyautoimmunity among Patients with Celiac Disease: A Cross-Sectional Survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define the prevalence of polyautoimmunity (PAI) among celiac disease (CD) patients and to compare clinical and laboratory features of CD patients with or without PAI in order to determine the risk factors for PAI in CD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients diagnosed with CD in our clinic between 2007 and 2014 with at least 1 year of follow-up were retrospectively evaluated. Totally 145 patients were included in the study. Information on patient demographics and laboratory data were obtained from patient records. The study participants were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 was the CD-alone group consisting of patients without any other autoimmune diseases (AIDs), while group 2 was the PAI group consisting of patients with accompanying one or more AIDs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of 145 CD patients (106 female and 39 male) included in the study was 37.2 ± 12.3 years. Of the 145 patients included, 48 (33.1%) were in the PAI group. When two groups were compared with each other in terms of the demographic features and laboratory data, the following were identified as risk factors for PAI: female gender, family history for AIDs, antigliadin IgG positivity, vitamin D deficiency, antinuclear antibody positivity ≥1/80 titer and having any musculoskeletal disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the largest studies in the literature on CD patients for the PAI prevalence and related risk factors. Identification of the risk factors in early stages is important to explore PAI among CD patients. Larger, prospective studies are warranted about the risk factors and autoimmune characteristics of CD.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology, Ankara Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aylin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Demirezer Bolat
authors.forename: Fatma Ebru
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Akın
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tahtacı
authors.forename: Öykü
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Tayfur Yürekli
authors.forename: Hüseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Köseoğlu
authors.forename: Şükran
authors.initials: Ş
authors.lastname: Erten
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Başaran
authors.forename: Eyüp
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Selvi
authors.forename: Şemnur
authors.initials: Ş
authors.lastname: Büyükaşık
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ersoy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000097:blood; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015551:Autoimmunity; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005903:Gliadin / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000150:complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; C048844:anti-IgG; D005903:Gliadin