title: Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli recovered from organic turkey farms in Germany.
abstract: The popularity of food produced from animals kept under an organic regimen has increased in recent years. In Germany, turkey meat consumption has increased. Despite several studies assessing the susceptibility of campylobacters to various antibiotics in poultry, no sufficient data exists regarding the antimicrobial resistance of campylobacters in organic-reared turkeys. This study provides information about antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter isolated from turkeys reared on organic farms in Germany. Ninety-six Campylobacter strains (41 C. jejuni and 55 C. coli) were isolated from different free-range turkey flocks. In vitro antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done using a broth microdilution test, and the presence of resistance genes to antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, tetracycline) was investigated. All Campylobacter isolates from organic turkeys (n = 96) were phenotypically sensitive to gentamicin, erythromycin, streptomycin, and chloramphenicol. In this study, the antibiotic susceptibilities of C. jejuni to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and naladixic acid were 56.0%, 51.3%, and 56.0%, respectively. In contrast, 44.0%, 73.0%, and 74.6% of C. coli isolates were resistant to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid, respectively. Replacement of the Thr-86→Ile in the gyrA gene, and the presence of the tet(O) gene were the mainly identified resistance mechanisms against fluoroquinolones and tetracycline, respectively.These results also reinforce the need to develop strategies and implement specific control procedures to reduce the development of antimicrobial resistance.
authors.affiliation: Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El-Sheikh University, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt hosnyeladawy@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hosny
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: El-Adawy
authors.affiliation: Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17p, 30559 Hannover, Germany Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Marwa F E
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hotzel
authors.affiliation: Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tomaso
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department Biological Safety, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernd-Alois
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Tenhagen
authors.affiliation: Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17p, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Joerg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hartung
authors.affiliation: Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Neubauer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Poultry Diseases, Free University Berlin, Königsweg 63, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Hafez M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hafez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D017000:Campylobacter coli / Q000187:drug effects*; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000187:drug effects*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005858:Germany; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D058871:Organic Agriculture; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D014422:Turkeys
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: C. coli; Campylobacter jejuni; antibiotics; organic; turkey