title: Multicenter observational study comparing sedation/analgesia protocols for laser photocoagulation treatment of retinopathy of prematurity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to identify the best sedation/analgesia protocol for laser photocoagulation (PC) of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
  
  
  METHODS
  This multicenter observational study included five hospitals, each using a specific sedation/analgesia protocol: local anesthesia with oxybuprocaine hydrochloride (Group L); intravenous pentazocine (Group P); intravenous fentanyl (Group F); air, oxygen and sevoflurane (AOS) inhalation (Group I). The groups were compared for pain responses, vital signs and adverse events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heart rates and systemic blood pressures were elevated by PC in Groups L and P and Groups L, P and F, respectively. Moreover, poor analgesic efficacy was recognized in Groups L, P and F. In contrast, Group I experienced hypothermia, enteral feeding intolerance and apnea more frequently.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From the viewpoint of sedation/pain relief, AOS anesthesia should be the best protocol. However, considering all the various factors together, the most reasonable one can be varied based on the patient's condition and hospital.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oshiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Aichi, Japan.|Department of Pediatrics, Konan Kosei Hospital, Konan, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takemoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Konan Kosei Hospital, Konan, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hosono
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.|Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.|Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Neonatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Toyota Memorial Hospital, Toyota, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aizu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Okazaki City Hospital, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsusawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Futamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asami
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terasaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5217-3219
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007564:Japan; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods; D008028:Light Coagulation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010423:Pentazocine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012178:Retinopathy of Prematurity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D010423:Pentazocine; D005283:Fentanyl