title: Co-composting solid biowastes with alkaline materials to enhance carbon stabilization and revegetation potential.
abstract: Co-composting biowastes such as manures and biosolids can be used to stabilize carbon (C) without impacting the quality of these biowastes. This study investigated the effect of co-composting biowastes with alkaline materials on C stabilization and monitored the fertilization and revegetation values of these co-composts. The stabilization of C in biowastes (poultry manure and biosolids) was examined by their composting in the presence of various alkaline amendments (lime, fluidized bed boiler ash, flue gas desulphurization gypsum, and red mud) for 6 months in a controlled environment. The effects of co-composting on the biowastes' properties were assessed for different physical C fractions, microbial biomass C, priming effect, potentially mineralizable nitrogen, bioavailable phosphorus, and revegetation of an urban landfill soil. Co-composting biowastes with alkaline materials increased C stabilization, attributed to interaction with alkaline materials, thereby protecting it from microbial decomposition. The co-composted biowastes also increased the fertility of the landfill soil, thereby enhancing its revegetation potential. Stabilization of biowastes using alkaline materials through co-composting maintains their fertilization value in terms of improving plant growth. The co-composted biowastes also contribute to long-term soil C sequestration and reduction of bioavailability of heavy metals.
authors.affiliation: SAFE Research Centre, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hannam University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Saikat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.affiliation: Global Centre for Environmental Research (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia. Nanthi.Bolan@newcastle.edu.au.|Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia. Nanthi.Bolan@newcastle.edu.au.
authors.forename: Nanthi S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Bolan
authors.affiliation: Global Centre for Environmental Research (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia.|Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia.
authors.forename: Balaji
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Seshadri
authors.affiliation: Chemical Safety Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Anitha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kunhikrishnan
authors.affiliation: Global Centre for Environmental Research (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia.
authors.forename: Hasintha
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wijesekara
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5095, Australia.
authors.forename: Yilu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Environmental Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711, USA.
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: SAFE Research Centre, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hannam University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Geon-Ha
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Environmental Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711, USA.
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sparks
authors.affiliation: CNRS, Institute of Ecology and Environment Paris, CNRS-INRA-AgroParisTech, UPMC-UPEC-IRD, Thiverval-Grignon, Paris, 78850, France.
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rumpel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D057965:Carbon Sequestration; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008372:Manure; D009149:Mustard Plant / Q000254:growth & development; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D011200:Poultry; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D064091:Waste Disposal Facilities
chemical_list: D008372:Manure; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012987:Soil; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010758:Phosphorus
keywords: Alkaline materials; Biowastes; Carbon stabilization; Co-composting; Decomposition; Landfill; Revegetation