title: Maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with twin pregnancies with excessive gestational weight gain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if an excessive rate of gestational weight gain (GWG) in twin pregnancies is associated with adverse obstetric outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study of twin pregnancies delivered at the University of California, San Diego 2001-2014. Women were included if they had adequate or excessive rates of GWG as determined by Institute of Medicine guidelines. Demographic and outcome variables were collected by chart review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four hundred and eighty-nine twin pregnancies met inclusion criteria. Of which, 40.5% had adequate rates of GWG and 41.5% had excessive rates of GWG. The rates of preterm birth and gestational diabetes were similar between the two groups. Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia were more common in women with excessive GWG (37.9% versus 19.7%; p < 0.01). This finding persisted in multivariate analysis. The mean birth weight percentiles were higher in the excessive GWG group and these women were also less likely to have an infant with a birth weight <10th percentile (21.4% versus 35.9%, p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excessive GWG is associated with a higher risk for gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, but no other adverse perinatal outcomes. Infants born to mothers with excessive GWG are less likely to be small for gestational age than those born to women with adequate GWG.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA .
authors.forename: Kate E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Pettit
authors.affiliation: b Department of Reproductive Medicine , University of California, San Diego Health System , San Diego , CA , USA .
authors.forename: Daphne Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Lacoursiere
authors.affiliation: c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of California, Davis Health System, Sacramento , CA , USA , and.
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Schrimmer
authors.affiliation: d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Tabuk University , Tabuk , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hedaya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alblewi
authors.affiliation: b Department of Reproductive Medicine , University of California, San Diego Health System , San Diego , CA , USA .
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: b Department of Reproductive Medicine , University of California, San Diego Health System , San Diego , CA , USA .
authors.forename: Gladys A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Ramos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D059285:Pregnancy, Twin / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Gestational hypertension; gestational weight gain; institute of medicine; preeclampsia; twin pregnancy