title: Hazard index, a tool for a long term risk assessment of pesticide residues in some commodities, a pilot study.
abstract: Samples of some vegetables were analyzed for pesticides residues using the accredited (QuEChERS) method. The method allowed the determination of 215 compounds of different pesticide chemical groups. LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS were used for residues quantification. In a total number of 116 samples, no pesticides residues were detected in 34 samples (29.3%), while 82 samples (70.7%) had detectable pesticide residues, with some samples exceeding the MRLs levels established by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. The hazard index (HI %), representing the long--term risk assessment was in the range of 0.01%-15.04% of the ADI's. The highest exposure was observed for ethion, followed by chlorpyifos, both of them are organophosphates, at 15.04% and 2.45% of ADI respectively. The acute (short-term) exposure was also estimated. Results showed a potential risk for children posed by 3 pesticides, meanwhile, residues of one pesticides showed potential risk to adults (>100% of ARfD). The present work is an attempt to provide a model for the use of WHO template for calculating the short term intake. This model is especially useful for developing countries where information about consumption rate is rather meager.
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Food (QCAP), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sohair A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gad Alla
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
authors.forename: Naglaa M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Loutfy
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Food (QCAP), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: Amr H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Shendy
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt. Electronic address: motawfic@tedata.net.eg.
authors.forename: Mohamed Tawfic
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D005506:Food Contamination; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D018570:Risk Assessment; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013997:Time Factors; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues
keywords: Exposure; Pesticide residues; Risk assessment