title: Euphorbia supina inhibits inflammatory mediators in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells and macrophages.
abstract: Euphorbia supina has been traditionally used for the treatment of furuncle and bloody diarrhea relevant to the inflammatory process. It has been proven to have a variety of pharmacological efficacies including antiarthritic, detoxification, hemostatic, and diuretic activities. RAW 264.7 macrophages and bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) were used to determine the anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects of E. supina (ES). NO production was assayed by measuring the nitrite content of the supernatants of cultured RAW 264.7 cells. β-hexosaminidase, a marker of mast cell degranulation, was quantitated by spectrophotometric analysis. ELISA was used for the analysis of interleukin-6 expression, and Western blotting was used to analyze 5-LOX, iNOS, and MAPK activation. The relevant gene expression upon ES treatment was measured by RT-PCR. ES inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in RAW 264.7 cells, and IL-6 and LTC4 production in PMA- and A23187-induced BMMCs along with the downregulation of 5-LOX gene expression. Furthermore, in the present study, a decrease in p-ERK, p-JNK, and p-P38 expression, as well as the suppression of degranulation, were observed by treatment with ES. Further in vivo study revealed that ES treatment also remarkably inhibited xylene-induced mouse ear edema and MPO levels in mice ears. This study demonstrates that ES has a potential regulatory effect on the expression of inflammatory mediators through the inhibition of both the phosphorylation of MAPK signaling and the activation of degranulation.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and BK21 PLUS R-FIND Team, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongwon 363-883, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyuk-Hwan
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and BK21 PLUS R-FIND Team, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongwon 363-883, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeong-Kyu
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongwon 363-883, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sei-Ryang
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and BK21 PLUS R-FIND Team, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, South Korea. Electronic address: f2744@dongguk.edu.
authors.forename: Young-Won
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Chin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D015550:Cell Degranulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004487:Edema / Q000517:prevention & control; D028481:Euphorbia / Q000737:chemistry*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects*; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; C577686:interleukin-6, mouse; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
keywords: 5-Lipoxygenase; Edema; Euphorbia supina; Inducible nitric oxide synthase; Inflammation; Interleukin-6