title: Optogenetic control of endogenous Ca(2+) channels in vivo.
abstract: Calcium (Ca(2+)) signals that are precisely modulated in space and time mediate a myriad of cellular processes, including contraction, excitation, growth, differentiation and apoptosis. However, study of Ca(2+) responses has been hampered by technological limitations of existing Ca(2+)-modulating tools. Here we present OptoSTIM1, an optogenetic tool for manipulating intracellular Ca(2+) levels through activation of Ca(2+)-selective endogenous Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels. Using OptoSTIM1, which combines a plant photoreceptor and the CRAC channel regulator STIM1 (ref. 4), we quantitatively and qualitatively controlled intracellular Ca(2+) levels in various biological systems, including zebrafish embryos and human embryonic stem cells. We demonstrate that activating OptoSTIM1 in the CA1 hippocampal region of mice selectively reinforced contextual memory formation. The broad utility of OptoSTIM1 will expand our mechanistic understanding of numerous Ca(2+)-associated processes and facilitate screening for drug candidates that antagonize Ca(2+) signals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Taeyoon
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kyung
authors.affiliation: Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sangkyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Taesup
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyerim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yun-Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dongkyu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sungsoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.|Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jinhee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jihoon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Na Yeon
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Doyeon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.affiliation: KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sujin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Cheol-Hee
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.|Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Sup
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Mahn
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Daesoo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.|Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.|KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.|Cancer Metastasis Control Center, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Won Do
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Heo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000235:genetics*; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000235:genetics*; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D005818:Genetic Engineering / Q000379:methods; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D062308:Optogenetics / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D002118:Calcium