title: Omega-3 fatty acids differentially modulate enzymatic anti-oxidant systems in skeletal muscle cells.
abstract: During physical activity, increased reactive oxygen species production occurs, which can lead to cell damage and in a decline of individual's performance and health. The use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as a supplement to protect the immune system has been increasing; however, their possible benefit to the anti-oxidant system is not well described. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the omega-3 fatty acids (docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid) can be beneficial to the anti-oxidant system in cultured skeletal muscle cells. C2C12 myocytes were differentiated and treated with either eicosapentaenoic acid or docosahexaenoic acid for 24 h. Superoxide content was quantified using the dihydroethidine oxidation method and superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activity, and expression was quantified. We observed that the docosahexaenoic fatty acids caused an increase in superoxide production. Eicosapentaenoic acid induced catalase activity, while docosahexaenoic acid suppressed superoxide dismutase activity. In addition, we found an increased protein expression of the total manganese superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes when cells were treated with eicosapentaenoic acid. Taken together, these data indicate that the use of eicosapentaenoic acid may present both acute and chronic benefits; however, the treatment with DHA may not be beneficial to muscle cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Galvao Bueno, 868, Sao Paulo, 01506-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Nachbar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Galvao Bueno, 868, Sao Paulo, 01506-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Levada-Pires
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Galvao Bueno, 868, Sao Paulo, 01506-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil.|University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hirabara
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Galvao Bueno, 868, Sao Paulo, 01506-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil. rhlamber@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Lambertucci
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Metabolism; Nutrition; Oxidative stress; Physical exercise; Skeletal muscle