title: Severe early childhood caries and social determinants in three-year-old children from Northern Thailand: a birth cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and social risk factors of severe early childhood caries in three-year-old children in Northern Thailand, using a birth-cohort study
  
  
  METHODS
  The data utilized in this study were from the prospective cohort study of Thai children (PCTC) from the 28 to 38 weeks gestational age until the children reached the age of 36 months (N = 597) in Mueang Nan district, Northern Thailand. Questionnaires were administered at different time points and dental examination was conducted at the age of 3 years of the child.
  
  
  RESULTS
  44.1% of the 3 year old children had S-ECC. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, environmental factors (the use of rain or well water as drinking water, no schooling of mother of child, being male), and risk behaviour (sleeping with a bottle at 30 months) were associated with S-ECC. Further, in bivariate analysis, psychological distress in the mother, lack of spousal relationship support, suckle to sleep when going to bed, introduction of soft drinks at 12 months, having had more frequently sweet food, and less than daily tooth brushing before 30 months were associated with S-ECC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A very high rate of S-ECC was observed, and oral health may be influenced by social factors.
authors.affiliation: ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Madidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, 73170, Nakhonpathom, Thailand. karl.pel@mahidol.ac.th.|Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa. karl.pel@mahidol.ac.th.|HIV/AIDS/STI/and TB (HAST), Human Sciences Research Council, Private Bag X41, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa. karl.pel@mahidol.ac.th.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Peltzer
authors.affiliation: ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Madidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, 73170, Nakhonpathom, Thailand. aroonsri.mon@mahidol.ac.th.
authors.forename: Aroonsri
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mongkolchati
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001903:Bottle Feeding / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002253:Carbonated Beverages / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D060766:Drinking Water; D004522:Educational Status; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers / Q000193:education; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D064890:Social Determinants of Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology; D013391:Sucking Behavior; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water