title: Physiological and Biochemical Changes Imposed by CeO2 Nanoparticles on Wheat: A Life Cycle Field Study.
abstract: Interactions of nCeO2 with plants have been mostly evaluated at seedling stage and under controlled conditions. In this study, the effects of nCeO2 at 0 (control), 100 (low), and 400 (high) mg/kg were monitored for the entire life cycle (about 7 months) of wheat plants grown in a field lysimeter. Results showed that at high concentration nCeO2 decreased the chlorophyll content and increased catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, compared with control. Both concentrations changed root and leaf cell microstructures by agglomerating chromatin in nuclei, delaying flowering by 1 week, and reduced the size of starch grains in endosperm. Exposed to low concentration produced embryos with larger vacuoles, while exposure to high concentration reduced number of vacuoles, compared with control. There were no effects on the final biomass and yield, Ce concentration in shoots, as well as sugar and starch contents in grains, but grain protein increased by 24.8% and 32.6% at 100 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. Results suggest that more field life cycle studies are needed in order to better understand the effects of nCeO2 in crop plants.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210046, China.
authors.forename: Wenchao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso , El Paso, Texas 79968, United States.|Environmental Science and Engineering PhD Program, The University of Texas at El Paso , El Paso, Texas 79968, United States.|University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), The University of Texas at El Paso , El Paso, Texas 79968, United States.
authors.forename: Jorge L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gardea-Torresdey
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210046, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210046, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science , Nanjing 210008, China.
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso , El Paso, Texas 79968, United States.|Environmental Science and Engineering PhD Program, The University of Texas at El Paso , El Paso, Texas 79968, United States.|University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), The University of Texas at El Paso , El Paso, Texas 79968, United States.
authors.forename: Jose R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Peralta-Videa
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210046, China.
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D018533:Biomass; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002563:Cerium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D015388:Organelles / Q000187:drug effects; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012987:Soil; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism; D014908:Triticum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D012987:Soil; D002734:Chlorophyll; D002563:Cerium; C030583:ceric oxide; D013213:Starch; D002374:Catalase