title: Changes in voiding behavior in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: Besides cognitive decline and behavioral alteration, urinary incontinence often occurs in patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD). To determine whether the transgenic mouse model of AD, APP/PS1 (APP(SL)/PS1(M146L)) mouse, shows alteration of the urinary bladder function and anxiety, as for patients with AD, we examined the urinary marking behavior in relation to affective behavior. At 18 months of age voiding behavior of APP/PS1 and wild type (WT) mice was assessed by using a modified filter paper assay in combination with video tracing, with the cage divided into a center and corner zones. Anxiety-related behavior and locomotion were respectively tested in an elevated zero maze (EZM) and an open field (OF). The APP/PS1 mice urinated more in the center zone than the WT mice. The total volume of markings was significantly lower in the APP/PS1 mice. In both groups, the average volume of a marking in the corner zone was larger than in the center zone. In the EZM, the APP/PS1 mice spent less time in the open arms of the arena, considered as anxiogenic zones, than the WT mice. During the OF task, the APP/PS1 mice covered a longer distance than the WT mice. These findings show that the APP/PS1 mice have a different voiding behavior compared to the WT mice, i.e., urinating with small volumes and voiding in the center of the cage, and suggest that increased locomotor activity and anxiety-related behaviors are factors in the change in voiding pattern in the APP/PS1 mouse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Maastricht Maastricht, Netherlands ; Department of Neuro-Urology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Biallosterski
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prickaerts
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Maastricht Maastricht, Netherlands ; Department of Neuro-Urology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rahnama'i
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Maastricht Maastricht, Netherlands ; Department of Urology, University Hospital Antwerpen Edegem, Belgium.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Wachter
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Maastricht Maastricht, Netherlands ; Department of Neuro-Urology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: van Koeveringe
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Urology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meriaux
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; anxiety; locomotor behavior; mouse model; voiding behavior