title: Anxious-depression among Hispanic/Latinos from different backgrounds: results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anxious-depression is a constellation of symptoms, frequently encountered among patients in primary care centers. There is a need to study how anxious-depression presents among Hispanic/Latinos of different backgrounds.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the construct of anxious-depression among 16,064 Hispanic/Latinos of different backgrounds participating in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. We hypothesized that Hispanic/Latinos will cluster in 3 classes: low anxiety/high depression, high anxiety/low depression and a combined anxious-depression construct.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using latent profile analysis, symptoms of depression and anxiety measured by the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and 10-item State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were evaluated to determine if an anxious-depression typology would result. A multinomial logistic regression analysis explored the association of the 3-class solution with different Hispanic/Latino backgrounds controlling for age, gender, language, education and income.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 3-class mixed anxious-depression structure emerged with 10% of Hispanic/Latinos in the high, 30% in the moderate and 60% in the low anxious-depression category. After adjusting for age, gender, language preference, income and education, individuals of Puerto Rican background were more likely to experience high (OR = 1.79, p < 0.05) and moderate (OR = 1.36, p < 0.05) (vs. low) anxious-depression symptomatology compared to those of Mexican background. Individuals of Central American and South American background were less likely to experience high (OR = 0.68, p < 0.05) and moderate (OR = 0.8, p < 0.05) (vs. low) anxious-depression compared to those of Mexican background.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anxious-depression symptomatology varied among this sample of Hispanic/Latino groups. These classes should be investigated as to their relationship with different health outcomes relevant to the Hispanic/Latino of different backgrounds.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry, Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA. acamacho@ucsd.edu.|Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA. acamacho@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Álvaro
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.affiliation: Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buelna
authors.affiliation: Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.|Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Kristen T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Emory
authors.affiliation: Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Talavera
authors.affiliation: Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Sheila F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Castañeda
authors.affiliation: Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Rebeca A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Espinoza
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Annie G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Krista M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Perreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Carmen R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Isasi
authors.affiliation: Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Martha L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Daviglus
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.|Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Scott C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Roesch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D002489:Central America / Q000208:ethnology; D003863:Depression / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000208:ethnology; D011647:Puerto Rico / Q000208:ethnology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013020:South America / Q000208:ethnology
keywords: Anxious-depression; Epidemiology; Hispanic/Latinos; Latent profile analyses; Psychiatric