title: Do we really need to use our smartphones while driving?
abstract: Smartphone usage while driving, a prominent type of driver distraction, has become a major concern in the area of road safety. Answers to an internet survey by 757 Israeli drivers who own smartphones were analyzed with focus on two main purposes: (1) to gain insights regarding patterns of smartphone usage while driving and its motivation, (2) to probe drivers' views on the perceived risk and the need to use smartphones while driving, as well as their willingness to use blocking apps that limit such usages. Phone calls and texting were found to be the most common usages while driving, hence, both were chosen to be further analyzed. 73% (N=551) of the respondents make phone calls while driving and almost half of them may be considered frequent callers as they admit to do it intensively while driving. As for texting, 35% of the respondents (N=256) text while driving and a quarter of them do so frequently. While phone calls were perceived to compromise safety by 34% of the users, texting was perceived to compromise safety by 84% of the users. However, we found that drivers place limitations on themselves as more than 70% avoid texting when they think they need to devote attention to driving. A logistic regression model indicates that perceived need and perceived safety are significant factors associated with being a frequent smartphone phone calls user, but only perceived need significantly predicts being a frequent texting user. Approximately half of all the respondents are willing to try an app which blocks smartphone usage while driving. The willingness to use such technology was found to be related primarily to perceived need. Less significant factors are work-related usage and perceived safety. Frequency of usage was not found to affect this willingness, indicating that it should not be a factor in designing and implementing interventions to limit smartphone usage while driving.
authors.affiliation: The Ran Naor Research Foundation, 22 Hanagar St., Hod Hasharon 45240, Israel; Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel. Electronic address: musicant.oren@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Oren
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Musicant
authors.affiliation: Or Yarok, 22 Hanagar St., Hod Hasharon 45240, Israel. Electronic address: tsippy@oryarok.org.il.
authors.forename: Tsippy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lotan
authors.affiliation: The Ran Naor Research Foundation, 22 Hanagar St., Hod Hasharon 45240, Israel. Electronic address: gilaa@oryarok.org.il.
authors.forename: Gila
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Albert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012449:Safety / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000068997:Smartphone / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D060145:Text Messaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Driver distraction; Phone calls; Road safety; Smartphone; Texting