title: Argania spinosa var. mutica and var. apiculata: variation of fatty-acid composition, phenolic content, and antioxidant and α-amylase-inhibitory activities among varieties, organs, and development stages.
abstract: Argania spinosa includes two varieties, var. apiculata and var. mutica. These argan varieties were introduced into Tunisia in ancient times and are actually cultivated in some botanic gardens. Little is known about the chemical differentiation among these argan varieties. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the fatty-acid composition, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and the antioxidant and α-amylase-inhibitory activities of leaf, seed, and pulp extracts of both argan varieties harvested during the months of January to April. The fatty-acid distribution was found to depend on the argan variety, the plant organ, and the harvest time. Significant variations in the phenolic contents were observed between the investigated varieties as well as between leaves, pulps, and seeds of each variety. As expected, phenolic compounds were found to be contributors to the antioxidant and α-amylase-inhibitory activities of both argan varieties. The chemical differentiation observed among the two argan varieties, based mainly on the fatty-acid composition, might have some chemotaxonomic value.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Production Végétale, Institut National Agronomique de Tunis, 43, Avenue Charles Nicolle 1082 Tunis-Mahrajène, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Saifeddine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: El Adib
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie, BP 676, 1080 Tunis Cedex, Tunisia, (phone: +216-71703829; fax: +216-71704329).
authors.forename: Oumayma
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Aissi
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Chimie des Plantes, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V-Agdal, BP 1014 RP, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: Zoubida
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Charrouf
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Production Végétale, Institut National Agronomique de Tunis, 43, Avenue Charles Nicolle 1082 Tunis-Mahrajène, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Fayçal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ben Jeddi
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie, BP 676, 1080 Tunis Cedex, Tunisia, (phone: +216-71703829; fax: +216-71704329). chok.messaoud@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Chokri
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Messaoud
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D029632:Sapotaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine; D014416:Tunisia; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000516:alpha-Amylases
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Argania spinosa; Chemotaxonomy; Extracts; Fatty acids; Phenolics; Principal component analysis (PCA); Varieties; α-Amylase inhibition