title: Survival of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Bt Maize and Cross-Pollinated Refuge Ears From Seed Blends.
abstract: Refuge is mandated in the United States where genetically modified maize (Zea mays L.) expressing insecticidal proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) are cultivated. Currently, refuge is deployed in different ways including blocks, field strips, or seed blends containing Bt and non-Bt maize. Seed blends provide practical advantages for refuge implementation. However, concerns related to the movement of insect larvae, potential differential survival of heterozygous resistant larvae, reduction in insect production, and cross-pollination of ears resulting in sublethal selection, have delayed seed blend use for Lepidoptera in the southern United States, where maize plantings are used as refuge for Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). In this study, we evaluated the relative survival of H. zea in Bt events and in seed blends compared with pure stand refuge and the relative survival of H. zea on the individual components of the pyramid 1507xMON810xMIR162. The results showed variation on the production of H. zea in refuge plants from seed blends compared with pure stand refuge plants. The relative survival of H. zea on the events 1507, MON810, MIR162, and 1507xMON810xMIR162 ranked similarly across the three locations tested. These results can be used in computer simulation modeling efforts to evaluate the feasibility of seed blends as a refuge deployment strategy with the pyramid 1507xMON810xMIR162. Because the reduction on survival of H. zea due to blending was variable, a sensitivity analysis that includes all possible scenarios of reduction in survival should be considered.
authors.affiliation: DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, IA 50131, USA (andre.crespo@pioneer.com; analiza.alves@pioneer.com; yiwei.wang@pioneer.com; Bonnie.Hong@pioneer.com), andre.crespo@pioneer.com.
authors.forename: André Luiz Barreto
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Crespo
authors.affiliation: DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, IA 50131, USA (andre.crespo@pioneer.com; analiza.alves@pioneer.com; yiwei.wang@pioneer.com; Bonnie.Hong@pioneer.com).
authors.forename: Analiza Piovesan
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, IA 50131, USA (andre.crespo@pioneer.com; analiza.alves@pioneer.com; yiwei.wang@pioneer.com; Bonnie.Hong@pioneer.com).
authors.forename: Yiwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, IA 50131, USA (andre.crespo@pioneer.com; analiza.alves@pioneer.com; yiwei.wang@pioneer.com; Bonnie.Hong@pioneer.com).
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: DuPont Pioneer, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA (LINDSEY.FLEXNER@CGR.DUPONT.COM).
authors.forename: John Lindsey
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Flexner
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762-9775, USA (acatchot@entomology.msstate.edu).
authors.forename: Angus
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Catchot
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Plains, GA 30223, USA (gbuntin@uga.edu), and.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Buntin
authors.affiliation: Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA (dcook@drec.msstate.edu).
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cook
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000235:genetics; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D009036:Moths / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D054817:Pollination; D003313:Zea mays / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D007306:Insecticides
keywords: Helicoverpa zea; cross-pollination; refuge in a bag; seed blend