title: Exploring the applicability of analysing X chromosome STRs in Brazilian admixed population.
abstract: Kinship and parentage analyses always involve one sample being compared to another sample or a few samples with a specific relationship question in mind. In most cases, the analysis of autosomal STR markers is sufficient to determine the genetic kinship. However, when genetic profiles are reconstructed from supposed relatives, for whom the family configuration available for analysis is deficient, the examination may be inconclusive. This study reports practical examples of actual cases analysing the efficiency of the chromosome X STR (STR-ChrX) markers. Three cases with different degrees of efficiency and impact were selected as follows: the identification of two charred bodies in a traffic accident, in which the family setting available was not complete, and one filiation analysis resulting from rape. This is the first paper reporting the use of the multiplex STR 12 ChrX in actual cases using the software Familias 1.8 and Brazilian regional frequency data. Our study clarifies the complex analysis using this powerful tool for professionals in the forensic science community, for both civil and criminal justice. We also discuss state-of-the-art ChrX STR markers and its implications and applications for legal procedures. The data presented here should be used in other studies of complex cases to improve the progress of the current justice system.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ginecologia Molecular do Departamento de Ginecologia Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eloisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Auler-Bittencourt
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patologia da Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: eiwamura@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Edna Sadayo Miazato
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Iwamura
authors.affiliation: Divisão de Laboratório do Instituto de Criminalística de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Jenny Mitraud
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ginecologia Molecular do Departamento de Ginecologia Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ismael Dale Cotrim Guerreiro
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal do Pará, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sidney Emannuel Batista
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: dos Santos
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D041321:Chromosomes, Human, X; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D010375:Pedigree; D012984:Software
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers
keywords: Brazilian population; Forensic cases; Genetic kinship; STR-Chr X