title: Role of inflammatory mediators in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-18, IFN-γ, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and migration inhibitory factor (MIF) levels in precisely-timed blood and endometrial tissue samples from women with idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one women with RPL and 20 women with proven fertility (controls).
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary endometrial cells and blood samples during the midsecretory phase (days 19-23).
  
  
  METHODS
  Detection of IL-12, IL-18, IFN-γ, ICAM-1, LIF, and MIF via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in both blood and endometrial tissue samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The blood and tissue levels of IL-12, IL-18, and IFN-γ were statistically significantly higher, and the blood and tissue levels of LIF and MIF were statistically significantly lower in patients with RPL. Only the level of tissue ICAM-1 was higher in patients with RPL. There was a strong correlation between blood and tissue level measurements of IL-12, IL-18, LIF, and MIF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings support the hypothesis that inflammatory processes may contribute to pregnancy loss, possibly through their role in implantation. We found that blood and tissue levels of IL-18, LIF, and MIF, and tissue levels of IL-12, IFN-γ, and ICAM-1 have statistically significant prognostic relevance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cihan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Comba
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: ercan.bastu@istanbul.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Ercan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bastu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dural
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cenk
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yasa
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gulsah
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Keskin
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozsurmeli
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Faruk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Buyru
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Serdaroglu
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004717:Endometrium / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D012372:ROC Curve; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: IL-12; IL-18; intercellular adhesion molecule-1; interferon-γ; leukemia inhibitory factor; macrophage migration inhibitory factor; recurrent pregnancy loss