title: The identification of malaria in paleopathology-An in-depth assessment of the strategies to detect malaria in ancient remains.
abstract: The comprehensive analyses of human remains from various places and time periods, either by immunological or molecular approaches, provide circumstantial evidence that malaria tropica haunted humankind at least since dynastic ancient Egypt. Here we summarize the "actual state-of-the-art" of these bio-molecular investigations and offer a solid basis for the discussion of the paleopathology of malaria in human history.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences, Laboratory of Physical Anthropology, University of Turin, Italy; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway; UMR 7568, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Etique & Santé (Adés), Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bianucci
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Paleoparasitologia, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adauto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Division of Molecular Genetics, University of Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Carsten M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pusch
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, Klinikum München-Bogenhausen, Munich, Germany. Electronic address: Andreas.Nerlich@extern.lrz-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Andreas G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Nerlich
mesh_terms: D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis; D000076144:Egypt, Ancient; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000266:history*; D010164:Paleopathology
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan
keywords: Immune-detection; Next generation sequencing; Plasmodium falciparum; Polymerase chain reaction