title: Surface-coated probe nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry for analysis of target compounds in individual small organisms.
abstract: Analysis of target compounds in individual small organisms is of significant importance for biological, environmental, medicinal, and toxicological investigation. In this study, we reported the development of a novel solid-phase microextraction (SPME) based ambient mass spectrometry (MS) method named surface-coated probe nanoelectrospray ionization (SCP-nanoESI)-MS for analysis of target compounds in individual small organisms with sizes at micrometer-to-millimeter level. SCP-nanoESI-MS analysis involves three procedures: (1) modification of adsorbent at the surface of a fine metal probe to form a specially designed surface-coated SPME probe with probe-end diameter at several-micrometer level, (2) application of the surface-coated SPME probe for enrichment of target analytes from individual small organisms, and (3) employment of a nanospray tip and some solvent to desorb the analytes and induce nanoESI for mass spectrometric analysis under ambient condition. A SCP-nanoESI-MS method for determination of the perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in individual Daphnia magna was developed. The method showed satisfactory linearities for analysis of real Daphnia magna samples, with correlation coefficient values (R(2)) of 0.9984 and 0.9956 for perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), respectively. The limits of detection were 0.02 and 0.03 ng/mL for PFOS and PFOA, respectively. By using the proposed method, the amount, bioaccumulation kinetics, and distribution of PFOS and PFOA in individual Daphnia magna were successfully investigated.
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Life Sciences, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University , 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors.forename: Jiewei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals and Guangdong Provincial Public Laboratory of Analysis and Testing Technology, China National Analytical Center Guangzhou , 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou 510070, China.
authors.forename: Yunyun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Life Sciences, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University , 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors.forename: Mingzhi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University , 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Life Sciences, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University , 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong S. A. R., China.
authors.forename: Zhong-Ping
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Life Sciences, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University , 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors.forename: Tiangang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Luan
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002210:Caprylates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D003621:Daphnia / Q000378:metabolism*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D057230:Limit of Detection; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013499:Surface Properties; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D002210:Caprylates; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid