title: Mandibular Denture Base Deformation with Locator and Ball Attachments of Implant-Retained Overdentures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare mandibular denture base deformation between ball and Locator attachments of implant-retained overdentures.
  
  
  METHODS
  An experimental acrylic model covered with resilient silicone mucosal simulation was constructed. Two laboratory implants were placed in the canine areas of the model. Two duplicate experimental overdentures were constructed and connected to the implants with either ball (GI) or Locator (GII) attachments. To measure overdenture strain around the attachments, 3 strain gauges were attached to the lingual polished surface of the overdentures opposite to the right implant (loading side) 2 mm above the attachment level (Ch1), at the attachment level (Ch2), and 2 mm below the attachment level (Ch3). Another 3 gauges were bonded opposite to the left implant (non-loading side) in the same manner (Ch6, Ch7, and Ch8). To measure strain at the midline of the overdentures, two strain gauges were attached in the midline at 5 mm intervals (Ch4 and Ch5). A universal testing device was used to deliver vertical static load of 50 N unilaterally and bilaterally to the first molar area to measure strain using a multi-channel digital strain meter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During bilateral load application, GII recorded higher compressive strains than GI at the majority of channels. During unilateral load application, GI recorded higher tensile strains at Ch1, Ch2, and Ch3, and GII recorded higher strains than GI at Ch6, Ch7, and Ch8. During bilateral loading the highest strain was concentrated at Ch5 for both groups. During unilateral loading, the highest strain was concentrated at Ch2 for GI, and at Ch5 for GII.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ball attachments for implant-retained overdentures were associated with significant mandibular denture base deformation over the implants compared to Locator attachments. Therefore, denture base reinforcement may be recommended with ball attachmentz to increase fracture resistance of the base.
authors.affiliation: Department of Removable Prosthodontics, University of Mansoura, Faculty of Dentistry, Eldakahlia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Moustafa Abdou
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: ELsyad
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya.
authors.forename: Hatem Mokhtar
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Errabti
authors.affiliation: Department of Removable Prosthodontics, University of Mansoura, Faculty of Dentistry, Eldakahlia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Aisha Zakaria
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Mustafa
mesh_terms: D015921:Dental Implants; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D003819:Denture Bases; D003781:Denture Retention; D003828:Denture, Overlay; D008334:Mandible; D008963:Molar
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: Deformation; Locator; attachments; ball; implant; overdenture