title: Long-term functional outcomes of PPPD in children--Nutritional status, pancreatic function, GI function and QOL.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to analyze the long-term outcomes, such as nutritional status, pancreatic function, gastrointestinal (GI) function, and quality of life (QOL), in children who underwent pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1992 and 2013, there were 15 children who underwent PPPD at Seoul National University Children's Hospital, and 10 of them participated in this study. A retrospective review of the patients' medical records and follow-up was done. Their nutritional statuses were estimated by height, body weight, weight for age Z-score, body mass index (BMI), and serum protein, albumin levels. The endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas were estimated by diabetes mellitus (DM), steatorrhea, and Bristol stool chart. The GI function and QOL were evaluated via questionnaires. The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 18years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no severe growth disturbances, 6 patients experienced mild steatorrhea and 3 showed above the category 6 in Bristol stool chart. All the patients experienced mild GI symptoms. As for the QOL, there were no significant negative answers, except for one patient with DM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Almost all the study subjects, who underwent PPPD in their childhood, did not present significant problems except for one patient with DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hwon-Ham
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea. Electronic address: spkhy02@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hyun-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Cheol
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwi-Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010179:Pancreas / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Children; Gastrointestinal function; Nutritional status; PPPD; Pancreatic function; Quality of life