title: A four-country ring test of nontarget effects of ivermectin residues on the function of coprophilous communities of arthropods in breaking down livestock dung.
abstract: By degrading the dung of livestock that graze on pastures, coprophilous arthropods accelerate the cycling of nutrients to maintain pasture quality. Many veterinary medicinal products, such as ivermectin, are excreted unchanged in the dung of treated livestock. These residues can be insecticidal and may reduce the function (i.e., dung-degradation) of the coprophilous community. In the present study, we used a standard method to monitor the degradation of dung from cattle treated with ivermectin. The present study was performed during a 1-yr period on pastures in Canada, France, The Netherlands, and Switzerland. Large effects of residue were detected on the coprophilous community, but degradation of dung was not significantly hampered. The results emphasize that failure to detect an effect of veterinary medicinal product residues on dung-degradation does not mean that the residues do not affect the coprophilous community. Rather, insect activity is only one of many factors that affect degradation, and these other factors may mask the nontarget effect of residues. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1953-1958. © 2015 SETAC.
authors.affiliation: Functional and Evolutionary Ecology Center UMR 5175, Zoogéographie, Université Paul-Valéry-Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tixier
authors.affiliation: Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Wolf U
authors.initials: WU
authors.lastname: Blanckenhorn
authors.affiliation: Alterra, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lahr
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Floate
authors.affiliation: ECT Oekotoxikologie, Flörsheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scheffczyk
authors.affiliation: Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Institut für Bodenkunde und Bodenerhaltung, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Rolf-Alexander
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Düring
authors.affiliation: Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Institut für Bodenkunde und Bodenerhaltung, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wohde
authors.affiliation: ECT Oekotoxikologie, Flörsheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Römbke
authors.affiliation: Functional and Evolutionary Ecology Center UMR 5175, Zoogéographie, Université Paul-Valéry-Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lumaret
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001181:Arthropods / Q000187:drug effects*; D002170:Canada; D002417:Cattle; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005602:France; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D009426:Netherlands; D013557:Switzerland; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D019155:Veterinary Drugs; D007559:Ivermectin
keywords: Degradation; Ecotoxicology; Functioning; Veterinary products