title: Intra-Bone Marrow Transplantation of Endosteal Bone Marrow Cells Facilitates Allogeneic Hematopoietic and Stromal Cells Engraftment Dependent on Early Expression of CXCL-12.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been considered as an effective approach at inducing allogeneic hematopoietic reconstitution and immune tolerance. However, it remains critical to find the optimal HSCT delivery method and robust sources of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  We introduced a new method by infusing allogeneic endosteal bone marrow cells (BMCs) harvested from long bones endosteum through intra-bone marrow transplantation (IBBMT) into irradiated mice. Recipient mice that were transplanted with central BMCs or through intravenous bone marrow transplantation (IVBMT) were used as controls (n=6 per group). We compared the new method with each control group for allogeneic HSCs homing pattern, peripheral blood chimerism level, skin allograft survival time, and donor stromal cell percentage in recipient BM. AMD3100 was injected to determine whether chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (CXCL-12) was critical for the new method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More allogeneic HSCs homed into spleen and bone marrow for the new method as compared to each control group. IBBMT of endosteal BMCs led to a higher peripheral blood chimerism and skin allograft survival. At 18 weeks, donor stromal cell percentage in recipient BMCs was higher for the new method than in each control group. By AMD3100 blockade at day 1, peripheral blood chimerism level and donor stromal cell percentage were significantly reduced as compared to the control group without AMD3100 blockade.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that IBBMT of endosteal BMCs is an effective approach for HSCT in inducing allogeneic hematopoietic reconstitution. The advantage is dependent upon the early expression of CXCL-12 after bone marrow transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Yingjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Jianwu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Dongliang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Yajuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Shuzhong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001853:Bone Marrow; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016038:Skin Transplantation; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; C515256:Cxcl12 protein, mouse