title: Future therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of cholesterol gallstones.
abstract: The formation of cholesterol gallstones involves very complex imbalances, such as alterations in the secretion of biliary lipids (which involves the ABCG5, ABCG8, ABCB4 and ABCB11 transporters), biochemical and immunological reactions in the gallbladder that produce biliary sludge (mucins), physicochemical changes in the structure of cholesterol (crystallization), alterations in gallbladder motility, changes in the intestinal absorption of cholesterol (ABCG5/8 transporters and Niemann-Pick C1L1 protein) and alterations in small intestine motility. Some of these proteins have been studied at the clinical and experimental levels, but more research is required. In this review, we discuss the results of studies on some molecules involved in the pathophysiology of gallstones that may be future therapeutic targets to prevent the development of this disease, and possible sites for treatment based mainly on the absorption of intestinal cholesterol (Niemann-Pick C1L1 and ABCG5/8 proteins).
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., Mexico. Electronic address: ibrahim1002@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ibrahim Guillermo
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Castro-Torres
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Jesús Cárdenas-Vázquez
authors.affiliation: Área Académica de Farmacia, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo, Mexico.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Velázquez-González
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ventura-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Área Académica de Farmacia, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo, Mexico.
authors.forename: Minarda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De la O-Arciniega
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Elia Brosla
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Naranjo-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., Mexico. Electronic address: marvaz@unam.mx.
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martínez-Vázquez
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001646:Bile / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D005544:Forecasting; D042882:Gallstones / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Cholesterol; Gallstones; Pathophysiology; Therapeutic target