title: Impact of an exercise intervention on methamphetamine use outcomes post-residential treatment care.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We examined the efficacy of an 8-week exercise intervention on posttreatment methamphetamine (MA) use among MA-dependent individuals following residential treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  135 individuals newly enrolled in treatment were randomly assigned to a structured 8-week exercise intervention or health education control group. Approximately 1 week after completion of the intervention, participants were discharged to the community. Interview data and urine samples were collected at 1-, 3-, and 6-months post-residential care. Of the sample, 54.8% were classified as higher severity users (using MA more than 18 days in the month before admission) and 45.2% as lower severity users (using MA for up to 18 days in the month before admission). Group differences in MA use outcomes were examined over the 3 timepoints using mixed-multivariate modeling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While fewer exercise participants returned to MA use compared to education participants at 1-, 3- and 6-months post-discharge, differences were not statistically significant. A significant interaction for self-reported MA use and MA urine drug test results by condition and MA severity was found: lower severity users in the exercise group reported using MA significantly fewer days at the three post-discharge timepoints than lower severity users in the education group. Lower severity users in the exercise group also had a lower percentage of positive urine results at the three timepoints than lower severity users in the education group. These relationships were not present in the comparison of the higher severity conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results support the value of exercise as a treatment component for individuals using MA 18 or fewer days/month.
authors.affiliation: Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: rrawson@mednet.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rawson
authors.affiliation: Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Joy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chudzynski
authors.affiliation: Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Larissa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mooney
authors.affiliation: Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gonzales
authors.affiliation: Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.affiliation: Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dickerson
authors.affiliation: Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Penate
authors.affiliation: Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Bilal A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, 10833 Le Conte 37-131 CHS, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Exercise Physiology Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, 10833 Le Conte 37-131 CHS, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dolezal
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, 10833 Le Conte 37-131 CHS, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Exercise Physiology Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, 10833 Le Conte 37-131 CHS, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000652:urine; D015308:Anaerobic Threshold; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000652:urine; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005080:Exercise Test; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000652:urine; D008875:Middle Aged; D012114:Residential Treatment; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008694:Methamphetamine
keywords: Exercise; Methamphetamine; Outcomes; Treatment