title: The pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine profile in peripheral blood of women with recurrent implantation failure.
abstract: Limited information is available on the balance state of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF). This study assessed the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in plasma of 34 patients with RIF, compared with those of 25 women with a successful pregnancy in the first IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET) cycle. The IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-4 concentrations were higher, whereas the TGF-β1 concentration was lower in the RIF group compared with the control group. Furthermore, the ratios of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ/IL-4, IFN-γ/IL-10, IFN-γ/TGF-β1, IL-6/IL-10, IL-6/TGF-β1, IL-1β/TGF-β1 and TNF-α/TGF-β1 were higher in the RIF group (all P < 0.01). The results suggested a shift toward a pro-inflammatory state in peripheral blood of the patients with RIF.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen 518045, China; Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen 518045, China.
authors.forename: Pei-Yan
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen 518045, China; Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen 518045, China.
authors.forename: Liang-Hui
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Diao
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen 518045, China; Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen 518045, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen 518045, China; Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen 518045, China.
authors.forename: Ruo-Chun
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen 518045, China; Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen 518045, China.
authors.forename: Xian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen 518045, China; Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen 518045, China.
authors.forename: Guan-Gui
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen 518045, China; Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen 518045, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Ye
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen 518045, China; Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen 518045, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Bing
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen 518045, China; Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen 518045, China. Electronic address: zengyong1966@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D020964:Embryo Loss / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: IVF/ICSI–ET; anti-inflammatory cytokines; pro-inflammatory cytokines; recurrent implantation failure