title: Natural incidence of zearalenone in Croatian pig feed, urine and meat in 2014.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the levels of zearalenone (ZEN) in different feed materials and feedstuffs for pigs, as well as in pig urine and pig meat following contaminated feed consumption. In total, 253 feed material and feedstuff samples were collected from Croatian pig farms. The results revealed the presence of ZEN in significant concentrations, the maximal being found in maize (5522 µg/kg), wheat (3366 µg/kg) and pig fattening feed (1949 µg/kg). In farms in which high feed contamination and pig hyperestrogenism were observed, samples of pig urine (n=30) and meat (n=30) were retrieved as well. The mean ZEN concentrations in pig urine and pig meat were 206±20.6 µg/L and 0.62±0.14 µg/kg, respectively. Despite high contamination of feedstuffs responsible for farmed pigs' intoxication, ZEN levels determined in pig meat were shown to be of little significance for human safety.
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, Croatian Veterinary Institute , Zagreb , Croatia.
authors.forename: Jelka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pleadin
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pathology , Croatian Veterinary Institute , Zagreb , Croatia.
authors.forename: Željko
authors.initials: Ž
authors.lastname: Mihaljević
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, Croatian Veterinary Institute , Zagreb , Croatia.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Barbir
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, Croatian Veterinary Institute , Zagreb , Croatia.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vulić
authors.affiliation: c Laboratory for Toxicology , Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology , Zagreb , Croatia.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kmetič
authors.affiliation: d Laboratory for Feed Microbiology, Croatian Veterinary Institute , Zagreb , Croatia.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zadravec
authors.affiliation: e Work Environment & Managerial Systems Chair, University of Applied Health Sciences , Zagreb , Croatia.
authors.forename: Vlatka
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brumen
authors.affiliation: d Laboratory for Feed Microbiology, Croatian Veterinary Institute , Zagreb , Croatia.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitak
mesh_terms: D000820:Animal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D017523:Croatia; D004032:Diet; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D013552:Swine; D016482:Urinalysis; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D015025:Zearalenone
keywords: ELISA; contamination; pig feedstuffs; pig meat; pig urine; zearalenone