title: Probiotics (Bifidobacterium longum) Increase Bone Mass Density and Upregulate Sparc and Bmp-2 Genes in Rats with Bone Loss Resulting from Ovariectomy.
abstract: Probiotics are live microorganisms that exert beneficial effects on the host, when administered in adequate amounts. Mostly, probiotics affect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the host and alter the composition of gut microbiota. Nowadays, the incidence of hip fractures due to osteoporosis is increasing worldwide. Ovariectomized (OVX) rats have fragile bone due to estrogen deficiency and mimic the menopausal conditions in women. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) on bone mass density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), bone remodeling, bone structure, and gene expression in OVX rats. The rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups (sham, OVX, and the OVX group supplemented with 1 mL of B. longum 10(8)-10(9) colony forming units (CFU)/mL). B. longum was given once daily for 16 weeks, starting from 2 weeks after the surgery. The B. longum supplementation increased (p < 0.05) serum osteocalcin (OC) and osteoblasts, bone formation parameters, and decreased serum C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) and osteoclasts, bone resorption parameters. It also altered the microstructure of the femur. Consequently, it increased BMD by increasing (p < 0.05) the expression of Sparc and Bmp-2 genes. B. longum alleviated bone loss in OVX rats and enhanced BMD by decreasing bone resorption and increasing bone formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Kolsoom
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Parvaneh
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Redzwan
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sabran
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Golgis
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Angela Ng Min
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Hwei
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Saif
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abdul-Majeed
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zuraini
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zuriati
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rosita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jamaluddin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000235:genetics; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D015676:Osteonectin / Q000235:genetics*; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D015676:Osteonectin; D015675:Osteocalcin