title: Ionic-liquid-based hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction method combined with hybrid artificial neural network-genetic algorithm for speciation and optimized determination of ferro and ferric in environmental water samples.
abstract: A novel and environmentally friendly ionic-liquid-based hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction method combined with a hybrid artificial neural network (ANN)-genetic algorithm (GA) strategy was developed for ferro and ferric ions speciation as model analytes. Different parameters such as type and volume of extraction solvent, amounts of chelating agent, volume and pH of sample, ionic strength, stirring rate, and extraction time were investigated. Much more effective parameters were firstly examined based on one-variable-at-a-time design, and obtained results were used to construct an independent model for each parameter. The models were then applied to achieve the best and minimum numbers of candidate points as inputs for the ANN process. The maximum extraction efficiencies were achieved after 9 min using 22.0 μL of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C6MIM][PF6]) as the acceptor phase and 10 mL of sample at pH = 7.0 containing 64.0 μg L(-1) of benzohydroxamic acid (BHA) as the complexing agent, after the GA process. Once optimized, analytical performance of the method was studied in terms of linearity (1.3-316 μg L(-1), R (2) = 0.999), accuracy (recovery = 90.1-92.3%), and precision (relative standard deviation (RSD) <3.1). Finally, the method was successfully applied to speciate the iron species in the environmental and wastewater samples.
authors.affiliation: Iranian National Standards Organization, Khorasan-e-Razavi, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Iman
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Saeidi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan, 35195-363, Iran. barfi.behrooz@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Behruz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barfi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan, 35195-363, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asghari
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch, Shahrood, Iran.
authors.forename: Abdorreza Alavi
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Gharahbagh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, School of Science, Isfahan Payam-e Noor University, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Azadeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barfi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
authors.forename: Moazameh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peyrovi
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Development of Samen Pharmaceutical Company, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Afsharzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Development of Samen Pharmaceutical Company, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hojatinasab
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001881:Borates / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D007477:Ions; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001881:Borates; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D007093:Imidazoles; D007477:Ions; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C528767:1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium; C587464:3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate; C006696:benzohydroxamic acid
keywords: Artificial neural network; Genetic algorithm; Ionic-liquid-based hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction; Iron; Speciation; Wastewater