title: Enhanced removal of naproxen and carbamazepine from wastewater using a novel countercurrent seepage bioreactor immobilized with Phanerochaete chrysosporium under non-sterile conditions.
abstract: A countercurrent seepage bioreactor immobilized with Phanerochaete chrysosporium was continuously operated under non-sterile conditions to treat a synthetic wastewater spiked with naproxen and carbamazepine (1000μg/L each) for 165days. There were no serious bacterial contaminations occurred during the operational period. Naproxen was always removed to the undetectable level regardless of the experimental conditions, while the average removal efficiency for carbamazepine, a well-known recalcitrant pharmaceutically active compound, reached around 80%. The excellent removal performance was mainly attributed to the application of countercurrent seepage mode and the cardhouse fabric of the carriers, which provided the high efficiency in the transfer of oxygen and nutrients inside the bioreactor. From the fungal immobilization combined with the temperature adjustment, the fungal activity including the enzyme production was protected as well as the bacterial contamination inside the reactor was suppressed effectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
authors.forename: Xueqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
authors.forename: Jiaming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
authors.forename: Renata Alves
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Toledo
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China. Electronic address: hjshim@umac.mo.
authors.forename: Hojae
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shim
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018914:Cells, Immobilized; D003377:Countercurrent Distribution / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D009288:Naproxen / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D020075:Phanerochaete / Q000378:metabolism*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D002220:Carbamazepine; D009288:Naproxen; D010100:Oxygen; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Cardhouse fabric; Countercurrent seepage bioreactor; Immobilization; Micropollutant; White-rot fungus