title: Characterization of the antioxidant activity of aglycone and glycosylated derivatives of hesperetin: an in vitro and in vivo study.
abstract: The flavonoids are mainly present in Citrus fruits as their glycosyl derivatives. This study was conducted comparing in vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of the aglycone hesperetin and its glycosylated forms (hesperidin and G-hesperidin) and their effects on the plasma lipid profile and the oxidative-antioxidative system (TBARS and antioxidant enzymes) in rats. The concentrations of the major conjugated metabolites in rat plasma after oral administration of these compounds were also determined. Wistar male rats were randomly assigned to three groups (n=6) supplemented for 30 days with 1 mmol/kg body mass of hesperetin, hesperidin or G-hesperidin. Hesperetin was a stronger xanthine oxidase inhibitor (IC50=53 μM and Ki=17.3 μM) than the glycosylate derivatives. Supplementation with the three compounds led to a lower (more favorable) atherogenic index, and an antioxidant preventive effect from the increase of hepatic superoxide dismutase was observed associated to HT supplementation, possibly because of the higher level of hesperetin-glucuronide in rat plasma.
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, San Francisco University, São Francisco de Assis Avenue, 218. Jardim São José, 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Verônica Trícoli
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, San Francisco University, São Francisco de Assis Avenue, 218. Jardim São José, 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Élida Paula Dini
authors.initials: ÉP
authors.lastname: de Franco
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, San Francisco University, São Francisco de Assis Avenue, 218. Jardim São José, 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Elisa Melo Branco
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: de Araújo
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, San Francisco University, São Francisco de Assis Avenue, 218. Jardim São José, 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcia Cristina Fernandes
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Messias
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, San Francisco University, São Francisco de Assis Avenue, 218. Jardim São José, 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Bruschi Marinho
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Priviero
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandra C H
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Frankland Sawaya
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, San Francisco University, São Francisco de Assis Avenue, 218. Jardim São José, 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Oliveira Carvalho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008055:Lipids; D006569:Hesperidin; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; C013015:hesperetin
keywords: bioavailability; hesperetin; lipid profile; oxidative-antioxidative system