title: Dissipation and distribution of chlorpyrifos in selected vegetables through foliage and root uptake.
abstract: Dissipation, distribution and uptake pathways of chlorpyrifos were investigated in pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) with foliage treatments under a greenhouse trial and root treatments under a hydroponic experiment. The dissipation trends were similar for chlorpyrifos in pakchoi and lettuce with different treatments. More than 94% of chlorpyrifos was degraded in the samples for both of the vegetables 21 days after the foliage treatments. For the root treatment, the dissipation rate of chlorpyrifos in pakchoi and lettuce at the low concentration was greater than 93%, however, for the high concentrations, the dissipation rates were all under 90%. Both shoots and roots of the vegetables were able to absorb chlorpyrifos from the environment and distribute it inside the plants. Root concentration factor (RCF) values at different concentrations with the hydroponic experiment ranged from 5 to 39 for pakchoi, and from 14 to 35 for lettuce. The translocation factor (TF) representing the capability of the vegetables to translocate contaminants was significantly different for pakchoi and lettuce with foliage and root treatments. The values of TF with foliage treatments ranged from 0.003 to 0.22 for pakchoi, and from 0.032 to 1.63 for lettuce. The values of TF with root treatments ranged from 0.01 to 0.17 for pakchoi, and from 0.003 to 0.23 for lettuce. Significant difference of TF was found between pakchoi and lettuce with foliage treatments, and at high concentrations (10 and 50 mg L(-1)) with root treatments as well. However, there was no significant difference of TF between pakchoi and lettuce at 1 mg L(-1) with root treatment.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province - State Key Laboratory Breeding Base/Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors.forename: Mengxiao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province - State Key Laboratory Breeding Base/Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors.forename: Donglan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province - State Key Laboratory Breeding Base/Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province - State Key Laboratory Breeding Base/Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors.forename: Xianjin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province - State Key Laboratory Breeding Base/Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China. Electronic address: yuxy@jaas.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xiangyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D001937:Brassica / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D018527:Hydroponics; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D018545:Lactuca / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D004390:Chlorpyrifos
keywords: Chlorpyrifos; Distribution; Root concentration factor; Translocation; Uptake