title: New and emerging biomarkers in cardiovascular disease.
abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death and disability worldwide. Therefore, great importance has been placed on the discovery of novel risk factors and metabolic pathways relevant in the prevention and management of CVD. Such research is ongoing and may continue to lead to better risk stratification of individuals and/or the development of new intervention targets and treatment options. This review highlights emerging biomarkers related to lipid metabolism, glycemia, inflammation, and cardiac damage, some of which show promising associations with CVD risk and provide further understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. However, their measurement methodology and assays will require validation and standardization, and it will take time to accumulate evidence of their role in CVD in various population settings in order to fully assess their clinical utility. Several of the novel biomarkers represent intriguing, potentially game-changing targets for therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5790 University Ave, Halifax, NS, B3H 1V7, Canada. lcahill@hsph.harvard.edu.|Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. lcahill@hsph.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Leah E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Cahill
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. mbertoia@hsph.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Monica L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bertoia
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. saroner@hsph.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Aroner
authors.affiliation: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 1309 Beacon Street, 2nd Floor, Brookline, Boston, MA, USA. kmukamal@bidmc.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Mukamal
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. mkjensen@hsph.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Majken K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Biomarker; Cardiovascular disease; Coronary heart disease; Glycemia; Inflammation; Lipids