title: Bone critical defect repair with poloxamine-cyclodextrin supramolecular gels.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteoinductive capacity of a poloxamine (Tetronic(®) 908, T) and α-cyclodextrin (αCD) supramolecular gel (T-CD) as scaffold in a critical size defect in rat calvaria. The T-CD gel was evaluated solely and after being loaded with simvastatin (SV) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) separately and in combinations in order to reduce the doses of the active substances. Three doses of SV (7.5, 75, 750 μg) and two doses of BMP-2 (3 and 6 μg) were tested. The histology and histomorphometrical analysis showed improved bone repair with T-CD compared to T, probably due to better release control of both SV and BMP-2. In addition, as T-CD eroded more slowly than poloxamine alone, it remained longer in the defect site. Although synergism was not obtained with BMP-2 and SV, according to the observed regeneration of the defect, the dose of BMP-2 and SV can be reduced to 3 μg and 7.5 μg, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Del Rosario
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Évora
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), University of La Laguna, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.affiliation: Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Concheiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), University of La Laguna, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Évora
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Electronic address: carmen.alvarez.lorenzo@usc.es.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Lorenzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), University of La Laguna, Spain. Electronic address: adelgado@ull.es.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delgado
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D065546:Drug Liberation; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011409:Propylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012886:Skull / Q000601:surgery*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014783:Viscosity; D047391:alpha-Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005782:Gels; C116176:PEO-PPO-PEO; D011409:Propylene Glycols; D047391:alpha-Cyclodextrins; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D019821:Simvastatin; C032613:alpha-cyclodextrin
keywords: BMP-2; Bone regeneration; Critical bone defect; Gels; Poloxamine; Simvastatin; Syringeability; α-Cyclodextrin