title: Increasing blood flow to exercising muscle attenuates systemic cardiovascular responses during dynamic exercise in humans.
abstract: Reducing blood flow to working muscles during dynamic exercise causes metabolites to accumulate within the active muscles and evokes systemic pressor responses. Whether a similar cardiovascular response is elicited with normal blood flow to exercising muscles during dynamic exercise remains unknown, however. To address that issue, we tested whether cardiovascular responses are affected by increases in blood flow to active muscles. Thirteen healthy subjects performed dynamic plantarflexion exercise for 12 min at 20%, 40%, and 60% of peak workload (EX20, EX40, and EX60) with their lower thigh enclosed in a negative pressure box. Under control conditions, the box pressure was the same as the ambient air pressure. Under negative pressure conditions, beginning 3 min after the start of the exercise, the box pressure was decreased by 20, 45, and then 70 mmHg in stepwise fashion with 3-min step durations. During EX20, the negative pressure had no effect on blood flow or the cardiovascular responses measured. However, application of negative pressure increased blood flow to the exercising leg during EX40 and EX60. This increase in blood flow had no significant effect on systemic cardiovascular responses during EX40, but it markedly attenuated the pressor responses otherwise seen during EX60. These results demonstrate that during mild exercise, normal blood flow to exercising muscle is not a factor eliciting cardiovascular responses, whereas it elicits an important pressor effect during moderate exercise. This suggests blood flow to exercising muscle is a major determinant of cardiovascular responses during dynamic exercise at higher than moderate intensity.
authors.affiliation: Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, School of Business Administration, Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan; ichinose@meiji.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ichinose
authors.affiliation: Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, School of Business Administration, Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Human Performance Research, Osaka International University, Osaka, Japan;
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichinose-Kuwahara
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Applied Human Physiology, Faculty of Human Development, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; and.
authors.forename: Narihiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishiyasu
mesh_terms: D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion; D011312:Pressure; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: integrated circulatory regulation; muscle metaboreflex; neural cardiovascular regulation