title: Evaluation of the Antibacterial Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Guided Tissue Regeneration Membrane Colonization--An in Vitro Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the colonization and penetration of specific bacteria on nanosilver-impregnated GTR (guided tissue regeneration) membranes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three sets of GTR membranes were used in this study: 1) GTR-C: Plain GTR membrane as a negative control; 2) GTR-NS: GTR membrane impregnated with silver nanoparticles as the test group; 3) GTR-DOX: GTR membrane impregnated with 25% (w/w) doxycycline hydrochloride acting as a positive control. Stress-strain characteristics were calculated to determine the physical properties of the control and impregnated membranes. Qualitative observation of microbial adherence and bacterial penetration through GTR membranes were performed by using four organisms (Streptococcus mutans, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis) reported to have strong adherent capabilities to collagen membranes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean bacterial adherence scores were significantly greater (p < 0.001) in the GTR-C group when compared to GTR-DOX and GTR-NS groups. GTR-NS showed lower adherence scores than GTR-DOX across all four microorganisms; this difference, however was not statistically significant. The difference in colony forming units (CFUs) was highly significant (p < 0.001), suggesting greater penetration in GTR-C membranes when compared to GTR-NS and GTR-DOX groups. Though the mean CFUs were lower in GTR-DOX than in GTR-NS across all four microorganisms, this difference was statistically significant only for S. mutans and F. nucleatum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incorporation of silver nanoparticles may be of value when controlling membrane-associated infection. Studies with different nanosilver particle sizes should be conducted to further evaluate the beneficial properties of nanosilver against periodontal pathogens.
authors.forename: Santoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rani
authors.forename: Rampalli Viswa
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.forename: Aileni Amarender
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Bavigadda Harish
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Sripriya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagarajan
authors.forename: Anumala
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naveen
mesh_terms: D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000187:drug effects; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016967:Fusobacterium nucleatum / Q000187:drug effects; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010316:Particle Size; D010539:Permeability; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000187:drug effects; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D012834:Silver; D003094:Collagen; D004318:Doxycycline