title: Physical Activity Measures in the Healthy Communities Study.
abstract: The risk of obesity is reduced when youth engage in recommended levels of physical activity (PA). For that reason, public health organizations in the U.S. have encouraged communities to implement programs and policies designed to increase PA in youth, and many communities have taken on that challenge. However, the long-term effects of those programs and policies on obesity are largely unknown. The Healthy Communities Study is a large-scale observational study of U.S. communities that is examining the characteristics of programs and policies designed to promote healthy behaviors (e.g., increase PA and improve diet) and determining their association with obesity-related outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to describe the methods used to measure PA in children and the personal and community factors that may influence it. The study used both self-reported and objective measures of PA, and measured personal, family, and home influences on PA via three constructs: (1) PA self-schema; (2) parental support; and (3) parental rules regarding PA. Neighborhood and community factors related to PA were assessed using three measures: (1) child perceptions of the neighborhood environment; (2) availability of PA equipment; and (3) attributes of the child's street segment via direct observation. School influences on children's PA were assessed via three constructs: (1) school PA policies; (2) child perceptions of the school PA environment; and (3) school outdoor PA environment. These measures will enable examination of the associations between characteristics of community PA programs and policies and obesity-related outcomes in children and youth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina. Electronic address: rpate@mailbox.sc.edu.
authors.forename: Russell R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Pate
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.
authors.forename: Kerry L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: McIver
authors.affiliation: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Colabianchi
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Control and Population Science, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Richard P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Troiano
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland;
authors.forename: Jared P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Dianna D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Janet E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Fulton
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015444:Exercise; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011786:Quality Control; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012574:Schools; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D057566:Self Report