title: Magnetic Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Potential Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytocompatibility with Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.
abstract: Hydrogels possess high water content and closely mimic the microenvironment of extracellular matrix. In this study, we created a hybrid hydrogel containing type II collagen, hyaluronic acid (HA), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) and incorporated magnetic nanoparticles into the hybrid hydrogels of type II collagen-HA-PEG to produce a magnetic nanocomposite hydrogel (MagGel) for cartilage tissue engineering. The results showed that both the MagGel and hybrid gel (Gel) were successfully cross-linked and the MagGel responded to an external magnet while maintaining structural integrity. That is, the MagGel could travel to the tissue defect sites in physiological fluids under remote magnetic guidance. The adhesion density of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the MagGel group in vitro was similar to the control group and greater than the Gel group. The morphology of BMSCs was normal and consistent in all groups. We also found that BMSCs engulfed magnetic nanoparticles in culture and the presence of magnetic nanoparticles did not affect BMSC adhesion and morphology. We hypothesized that the ingested nanoparticles may be eventually broken down by lysosome and excreted through exocytosis; further studies are necessary to confirm this. This study reports a promising magnetic responsive nanocomposite hydrogel for potential cartilage tissue engineering applications, which should be further studied for its effects on cell functions when combined with electromagnetic stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States.
authors.forename: Naiyin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States.
authors.forename: Jaclyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lock
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sallee
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States.|Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States.|Stem Cell Center, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States.
authors.forename: Huinan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000187:drug effects*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002452:Cell Count; D048430:Cell Shape; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D005782:Gels; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D060328:Magnetic Phenomena; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012756:Sheep; D012996:Solutions; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D005782:Gels; D012996:Solutions; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D003094:Collagen
keywords: bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells; cartilage tissue engineering; cytocompatibility; hybrid gel; magnetic nanocomposite hydrogel (MagGel); magnetic nanoparticles