title: Comparison of survival and clinicopathologic features in colorectal cancer among African American, Caucasian, and Chinese patients treated in the United States: Results from the surveillance epidemiology and end results (SEER) database.
abstract: African American patients of colorectal cancer (CRC) were found to have a worse prognosis than Caucasians, but it has not been fully understood about the survival difference among Chinese and these two races above. In this study, we used the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database to analyze the survival difference among these three race/ethnicities in the United States. Adenocarcinoma patients of colorectal cancer with a race/ethnicity of Caucasian, Chinese and African American were enrolled for study. Patients were excluded if they had more than one primary cancer but the CRC was not the first one, had unknown cause of death or unknown survival months. The 5-year cause specific survival (CSS) was our primary endpoint. Totally, there were 585,670 eligible patients for analysis. Chinese patients had the best and African American patients had the worst 5-year CSS (66.7% vs 55.9%), P < 0.001. The 5-year CSS for Caucasian patients was 62.9%. Race/ethnicity was an independent prognostic factor in the multivariate analysis, P < 0.001. The comparison of clinicopathologic factors among these three race/ethnicities showed that the insurance coverage rate, income, percentage that completing high school and percentage of urban residence was lowest in the African American patients. Chinese patients had the highest percentage of married, while African American patients ranked lowest. More African American patients were diagnosed as stage IV and had high percentage of signet ring cell and mucinous adenocarcinoma. It is likely that biological differences as well as socioeconomic status both contribute to the survival disparity among the different race/ethnicities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Junzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.|Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Miaozhen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ruihua
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Johns Hopkins Center to Reduce Cancer Disparities, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Adrian Sandra
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Dobs
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality*; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D001213:Asian; D044466:Asian People; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D018426:SEER Program; D012923:Social Class; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population; D044465:White People
keywords: SEER; colorectal cancer; race/ethnicity; survival analysis