title: Prevalence and Persistence of Varicella Antibodies in Previously Immunized Children and Youth With Perinatal HIV-1 Infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Two doses of live-attenuated varicella-zoster vaccine are recommended for human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)-infected children with CD4% ≥ 15%. We determined the prevalence and persistence of antibody in immunized children with perinatal HIV (PHIV) and their association with number of vaccinations, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), and HIV status.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Adolescent Master Protocol is an observational study of children with PHIV and perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected (PHEU) children conducted at 15 US sites. In a cross-sectional analysis, we tested participants' most recent stored sera for varicella antibody using whole-cell and glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seropositivity predictors were identified using multivariable logistic regression models and C statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Samples were available for 432 children with PHIV and 221 PHEU children; 82% of children with PHIV and 97% of PHEU children were seropositive (P < .001). Seropositivity after 1 vaccine dose among children with PHIV and PHEU children was 100% at <3 years (both), 73% and 100% at 3-<7 years (P < .05), and 77% and 97% at ≥ 7 years (P < .01), respectively. Seropositivity among recipients of 2 vaccine doses was >94% at all intervals. Independent predictors of seropositivity among children with PHIV were receipt of 2 vaccine doses, receipt of 1 dose while on ≥ 3 months of cART, compared with none (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 14.0 and 2.8, respectively; P < .001 for overall dose effect), and in those vaccinated ≥ 3 years previously, duration of cART (aOR: 1.29 per year increase, P = .02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Humoral immune responses to varicella vaccine are best achieved when children with PHIV receive their first dose ≥ 3 months after cART initiation and maintained by completion of the 2-dose series and long-term cART use.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York.
authors.forename: Murli U
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Purswani
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology.|Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research (CBAR), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Brad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karalius
authors.affiliation: Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research (CBAR), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Tzy-Jyun
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: D Scott
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.affiliation: Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Sandra K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Burchett
authors.affiliation: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: George K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Siberry
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology.|Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research (CBAR), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Kunjal
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authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
authors.forename: Russell B
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authors.lastname: Van Dyke
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Illinois.
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authors.forename: Mitzie
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authors.lastname: Grant
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authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.forename: Midnela
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authors.lastname: Acevedo-Flores
authors.forename: Heida
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authors.lastname: Rios
authors.forename: Vivian
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authors.forename: Jennifer
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authors.forename: Suzanne
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mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D002644:Chickenpox / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D019433:Chickenpox Vaccine / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D019433:Chickenpox Vaccine
keywords: HIV; antibodies; perinatal; vaccine; varicella