title: Expression of ER stress markers (GRP78/BiP and PERK) in adenoid cystic carcinoma.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  A high GRP78/BiP expression was proved to be a significant marker for predicting poor outcome after surgery. GRP78/BiP may be a promising molecular target for treatment of ACC.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The glucose-regulated protein GRP78/BiP plays a crucial role in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The level of GRP78 is highly elevated in various human cancers, but the clinicopathological significance of GRP78/BiP remains controversial in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 26 ACC patients were analyzed, and tumor specimens were stained by immunohistochemistry for GRP78/BiP, PERK, Ki-67, and microvessel density (MVD) determined by CD34.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GRP78/BiP and PERK were highly expressed in 58% (15/26) and 35% (9/26), respectively. The high expression of GRP78/BiP was significantly associated with PERK, cell proliferation and angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Oncology Clinical Development and.
authors.forename: Kyoichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaira
authors.affiliation: b Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , and.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.affiliation: c Department of Dermatology, Gumna University Graduate School of Medicine , Gunma University , Gunma , Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: b Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , and.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shino
authors.affiliation: b Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , and.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakakura
authors.affiliation: b Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , and.
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takayasu
authors.affiliation: b Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , and.
authors.forename: Katsumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: b Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , and.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asao
authors.affiliation: b Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , and.
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chikamatsu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003528:Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D005260:Female; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D055815:Young Adult; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; C000717247:HSPA5 protein, human; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; C460640:EIF2AK3 protein, human; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase
keywords: Adenoid cystic carcinoma; BIP; ER stress; PERK; prognosis