title: Validation of the Italian version of the Compensatory Eating and Behaviors in Response to Alcohol Consumption Scale (CEBRACS).
abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate, in a representative sample of high school students, the psychometric characteristics of the Italian version of the CEBRACS scale (Rahal et al., 2011), a questionnaire investigating compensatory eating behaviors correlated with alcohol consumption. These behaviors are adopted to make up for calories consumed through the drinking of alcohol and/or to enhance the intoxicative effects of alcohol. Study participants were selected from an initial sample of 965 students. Out of the 965 youths originally recruited, 640 (376 males and 264 females) reported drinking alcohol over the previous 3 months, and were considered eligible for the purpose of the study. The following questionnaires were administered: CEBRACS, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) (Saunders, 1993), and the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) (Garner, 2004). Test/retest reproducibility was evaluated on a subgroup of 189 youths. The factorial structure, internal consistency, test–retest reliability and concurrent validity of CEBRACS were evaluated. Factor analysis of inter-item correlation indicated 5 factors as being better suited to describe data, with an estimated 68.85% variance: "Alcohol Effect, "Laxative Use", "Dietary Restraint and Exercise", "Diuretic Use", "Restriction and Vomiting". A high degree of reproducibility and homogeneity (ICC = 0.806; Cronbach's Alpha = 0.886) of the scale was detected. A significant correlation was revealed between CEBRACS, the three eating disorder risk scales comprised in EDI-3 and scores and clinical risk yielded by AUDIT. The overall reliability and validity of the CEBRACS scale was confirmed in an extensive sample of Italian students, highlighting a satisfactory construct validity, good internal consistency and good degree of reproducibility. In view of the relevance of the problem, associated with serious health risks, a more widespread investigation of the phenomenon should be conducted using evaluation tools of proven validity and reliability on both representative samples of the general population and clinical samples.
authors.affiliation: University of Cagliari, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pinna
authors.affiliation: University of Cagliari, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Milia
authors.affiliation: University of Cagliari, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mereu
authors.affiliation: University of Cagliari, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia Lostia
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: di Santa Sofia
authors.affiliation: University of Cagliari, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Puddu
authors.affiliation: University of Cagliari, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fatteri
authors.affiliation: University of Cagliari, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Italy.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghiani
authors.affiliation: University of Cagliari, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Italy.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: University of Cagliari, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sanna
authors.affiliation: University of Cagliari, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Italy. Electronic address: bcarpini@iol.i.
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Carpiniello
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating
keywords: Alcohol; Dieting; Drunkorexia; Eating disorders; Exercise