title: Maternal perception of fetal movements in late pregnancy is affected by type and duration of fetal movement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A reduction in fetal movements has been proposed to identify pregnancies at risk of stillbirth. The utility of this approach is limited by variability in maternal perception of fetal movements. We aimed to determine the proportion of fetal movements observed by ultrasound that were maternally perceived and identify factors that affected maternal perception.
  
  
  METHODS
  During 30-min recordings, women (n = 21) depressed a trigger upon perception of a fetal movement, while an ultrasound operator recorded observed movements according to the fetal parts involved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women perceived between 2.4% and 81.0% (median 44.8%) of movements observed on scan. Synchronous movement of the fetal trunk and limbs was more likely to be recognized than either part in isolation (60.5% versus 37.5% and 30%, respectively). The ultrasound operator judged the fetus to be moving for a significantly greater proportion of the time than mothers (median 1.5% of total recording time versus 0.7%). There was no significant relationship between the ability to perceive fetal activity and placental site, parity, amniotic fluid index or maternal body mass index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Variations in maternal perception of fetal movements may affect detection of a clinically significant reduction in fetal movements for some women.
authors.affiliation: a Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester , Manchester , UK .|b St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre , Manchester , UK , and.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: a Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester , Manchester , UK .|b St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre , Manchester , UK , and.
authors.forename: Lucy E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.affiliation: a Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester , Manchester , UK .|b St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre , Manchester , UK , and.
authors.forename: Edward D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Johnstone
authors.affiliation: c School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester , Sackville Street Building , Manchester , UK.
authors.forename: Jayawan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wijekoon
authors.affiliation: a Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester , Manchester , UK .|b St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre , Manchester , UK , and.
authors.forename: Alexander E P
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Heazell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D005323:Fetal Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005324:Fetal Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D005333:Fetus / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D010298:Parity; D010465:Perception; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Fetal activity; fetal assessment; fetal movement; fetal well-being; reduced fetal movements