title: Energy-Efficient Integration of Continuous Context Sensing and Prediction into Smartwatches.
abstract: As the availability and use of wearables increases, they are becoming a promising platform for context sensing and context analysis. Smartwatches are a particularly interesting platform for this purpose, as they offer salient advantages, such as their proximity to the human body. However, they also have limitations associated with their small form factor, such as processing power and battery life, which makes it difficult to simply transfer smartphone-based context sensing and prediction models to smartwatches. In this paper, we introduce an energy-efficient, generic, integrated framework for continuous context sensing and prediction on smartwatches. Our work extends previous approaches for context sensing and prediction on wrist-mounted wearables that perform predictive analytics outside the device. We offer a generic sensing module and a novel energy-efficient, on-device prediction module that is based on a semantic abstraction approach to convert sensor data into meaningful information objects, similar to human perception of a behavior. Through six evaluations, we analyze the energy efficiency of our framework modules, identify the optimal file structure for data access and demonstrate an increase in accuracy of prediction through our semantic abstraction method. The proposed framework is hardware independent and can serve as a reference model for implementing context sensing and prediction on small wearable devices beyond smartwatches, such as body-mounted cameras.
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. rrawassizadeh@acm.org.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rawassizadeh
authors.affiliation: Design Lab, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006 NSW, Australia. martin.tomitsch@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomitsch
authors.affiliation: Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1040, Austria. nourizadehbarabi.m.at@ieee.org.
authors.forename: Manouchehr
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nourizadeh
authors.affiliation: Multimedia Information System Group, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria. elaheh.momeni.roochi@univie.ac.at.
authors.forename: Elaheh
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Momeni
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. apeer001@cs.ucr.edu.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peery
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. Lulan001@ucr.edu.
authors.forename: Liudmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ulanova
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. michael.pazzani@ucr.edu.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pazzani
keywords: energy efficiency; lifelogging; mobile sensing; prediction; quantified self; smartwatch; wearable