title: Productivity costs decrease after endoscopic sinus surgery for refractory chronic rhinosinusitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary objective of this pilot study was to define the change in productivity costs following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Secondary objectives were to identify CRS-related characteristics that may influence the degree of productivity improvement after ESS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, multi-institutional, observational cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The human capital approach was used to define productivity costs. Annual absenteeism, presenteeism, and lost leisure time were quantified to define annual lost productive time (LPT). LPT was monetized using the annual daily wage rates obtained from the 2012 US Census and the 2013 US Department of Labor statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-seven patients with refractory CRS who underwent ESS were followed for a mean of 15 months (range, 8-25 months). Following ESS, there were improvements in annual absenteeism (22 days reduced to 3 days), annual presenteeism (41 days reduced to 19 days), and annual household days lost (12 days reduced to 6 days). Overall, the preoperative productivity costs were reduced after ESS ($9,190 vs. $3,373, respectively; P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Daily productivity is negatively impacted by the presence of CRS. The outcomes from this study provide the first insights into the reduced productivity costs associated with receiving ESS for refractory CRS. Future studies with larger sample sizes will need to validate the results from this pilot study.
  
  
  METHODS
  2c Laryngoscope, 126:570-574, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rudmik
authors.affiliation: Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Oregon Sinus Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Timothy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Oregon Sinus Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Jess C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mace
authors.affiliation: Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Rodney J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Schlosser
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Zachary M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Soler
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017046:Cost Savings; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004526:Efficiency; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000069597:Presenteeism / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Chronic rhinosinusitis; absenteeism; cost; economic; indirect cost; presenteeism; productivity; sinus surgery; sinusitis