title: Development and evaluation of live attenuated Salmonella vaccines in newly hatched duckings.
abstract: Domestic ducks remain a major source of zoonotic Salmonella enterica infections for man worldwide and approaches to protection should include vaccine-mediated immunity. With this in mind we developed several genetically defined mutants in a virulent duck Salmonella typhimurium isolate TT-1. From initial tests for virulence in day-old ducks, ΔrpoS, ΔhilA, and ΔslyA mutants retained some virulence so were not studied further. Amongst the mutants showing greater attenuation, ΔssrB, ΔphoPQ, ΔompR, and ΔclpP also showed high levels of protection when 1-day-old ducks, which were vaccinated orally, were challenged 1 week later demonstrating the capacity to protect ducks in the first few weeks of life when they are most susceptible and when the risk of infection is greatest. Immunized ducks triggered Omp-specific IgG, IgM, and IgA responses and raised IL-2 and IFN-γ levels in the serum coupled with IL-4 suppression.
authors.affiliation: Avian Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China.
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Avian Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China.
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barrow
authors.affiliation: Avian Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu city, Sichuan 611130, PR China. Electronic address: mshwang@163.com.
authors.forename: Mingshu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Avian Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu city, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
authors.forename: Anchun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Avian Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu city, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
authors.forename: Renyong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu city, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
authors.forename: Dekang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Avian Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu city, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
authors.forename: Shun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Avian Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu city, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
authors.forename: Mafeng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Avian Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu city, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
authors.forename: Kunfeng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Avian Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu city, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
authors.forename: Qiao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu city, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D000917:Antibody Formation; D004372:Ducks / Q000276:immunology*; D054643:INDEL Mutation; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022562:Salmonella Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D058248:Serum Bactericidal Antibody Assay; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D007376:Interleukin-2; D022562:Salmonella Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: Duck; Salmonella; Vaccine