title: Expression of Inflammatory and Regenerative Genes in a Model of Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion and Partial Hepatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) describes the paradox of additional tissue injury caused by reperfusion. The aim of this survey was to investigate the mRNA expression of genes exerting their inflammatory and regenerative reaction in a porcine model of I/R and extended hepatectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve pigs were used, weighing 30-35 kg in average, which were allocated in two groups: the I/R group with eight pigs and the sham-operated (control) one with four pigs. The I/R group underwent portacaval anastomosis and Pringle maneuver followed by extended hepatectomy. The hepatoduodenal ligament was occluded for 150 min and the liver remnant was reperfused for 24 hours. Blood samples were steadily received throughout the surgical procedure, where hepatic biopsies were taken for pathological evaluation. Animals were sacrificed in 24 hours after the onset of reperfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between the two groups, statistically significant differences were noticed in serum values of AST, ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin in the early and late phase of reperfusion. The mRNA expression of iNOS, IL-1b, and TGF-a did not increase significantly in the I/R group. Conversely, the mRNA modification of IL-6, STAT-3, and E-selectin demonstrated significantly increased expression in I/R animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present survey, a new I/R swine model was proposed and specific parameters were analyzed, revealing differences between the study groups.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Transplant and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Athanasopoulos
authors.affiliation: b 4th Department of Surgery, Athens University, Medical School, ATTIKON University Hospital , Athens , Greece.
authors.forename: Aikaterini
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mastoraki
authors.affiliation: c Experimental and Research Center, Elpen Pharma , Athens , Greece.
authors.forename: Apostolos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papalois
authors.affiliation: b 4th Department of Surgery, Athens University, Medical School, ATTIKON University Hospital , Athens , Greece.
authors.forename: Constantinos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nastos
authors.affiliation: e Department of Pathology, Aretaieion Hospital, University of Athens Medical School , Athens 11528, Greece.
authors.forename: Agathi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kondi-Pafiti
authors.affiliation: d 2nd Department of Anesthesiology, Athens University, Medical School, ATTIKON University Hospital , Athens , Greece.
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kostopanagiotou
authors.affiliation: b 4th Department of Surgery, Athens University, Medical School, ATTIKON University Hospital , Athens , Greece.
authors.forename: Vassilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Smyrniotis
authors.affiliation: b 4th Department of Surgery, Athens University, Medical School, ATTIKON University Hospital , Athens , Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arkadopoulos
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D001706:Biopsy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007511:Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008115:Liver Regeneration; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019040:E-Selectin; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D001663:Bilirubin
keywords: hepatectomy; inflammatory genes; liver ischemia; porcine model; regenerative capacity; reperfusion