title: The putative acceleration of optic neuritis when combined with chronic hepatitis B.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the clinical features of optic neuritis (ON) combined with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) retrospectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical data were reviewed for hospitalized patients diagnosed with isolated ON combined with chronic hepatitis B (CHB-ON) in the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital. The ON diagnosis was confirmed following the criteria of the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT) group. The diagnostic criteria for CHB was serological positivity for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) for more than 6 months. Other infectious conditions that might lead to bias were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 13 patients (6 female and 7 male, 23 involved eyes) diagnosed with CHB-ON were selected. A total of 12/13 patients presented as atypical ON: 10/13 of the patients exhibited simultaneous or early sequential bilateral eye involvement; 11/13 involved eyes in the acute phase presented with pronounced optic disc edema; and 11/13 patients exhibited corticosteroid resistant. A total of 12/23 affected eyes suffered severe vision loss (<20/200) at the end of the follow-up period, which averaged 13.7 (4-31) months. None of the patients progressed to multiple sclerosis (MS) or neuromyelitis optica (NMO). All blood samples were negative for serological aquaporin 4-antibody using the cell-based assay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CHB-ON usually presented as the atypical form. Chronic hepatitis B virus infection may lead to the tendency for ON exacerbation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China; Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Tingjun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chunxia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Huanfen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hongyang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Dehui
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China. Electronic address: xuquangang@126.com.
authors.forename: Quangang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China. Electronic address: dr_weishihui@163.com.
authors.forename: Shihui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D051401:Aquaporin 4 / Q000276:immunology; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009902:Optic Neuritis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D051401:Aquaporin 4; D001323:Autoantibodies
keywords: Aquaporin 4; Autoimmune diseases; Chronic hepatitis B; Multiple sclerosis; Neuromyelitis optica; Optic neuritis