title: Nutritional medicine as mainstream in psychiatry.
abstract: Psychiatry is at an important juncture, with the current pharmacologically focused model having achieved modest benefits in addressing the burden of poor mental health worldwide. Although the determinants of mental health are complex, the emerging and compelling evidence for nutrition as a crucial factor in the high prevalence and incidence of mental disorders suggests that diet is as important to psychiatry as it is to cardiology, endocrinology, and gastroenterology. Evidence is steadily growing for the relation between dietary quality (and potential nutritional deficiencies) and mental health, and for the select use of nutrient-based supplements to address deficiencies, or as monotherapies or augmentation therapies. We present a viewpoint from an international collaboration of academics (members of the International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research), in which we provide a context and overview of the current evidence in this emerging field of research, and discuss the future direction. We advocate recognition of diet and nutrition as central determinants of both physical and mental health.
authors.affiliation: The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Richmond, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia. Electronic address: jsarris@unimelb.edu.au.
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sarris
authors.affiliation: Complementary Alternative Medicine and Nutrition Research (CAMNR), Calabasas, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Alan C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Logan
authors.affiliation: INSERM U710 (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche médicale), University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Tasnime N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Akbaraly
authors.affiliation: Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: G Paul
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Amminger
authors.affiliation: Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, University of Valencia Medical School, Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Vicent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Balanzá-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Perinatal and Reproductive Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Marlene P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.affiliation: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hibbeln
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.affiliation: Depression and Clincal Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mischoulon
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shijuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shijuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nanri
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health Policy and Evaluation, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Drew
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ramsey
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Julia J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rucklidge
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
authors.forename: Almudena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Villegas
authors.affiliation: Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scholey
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, and Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuan-Pin
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Royal Melbourne Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Richmond, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Medicine, Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Hospital Road Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Felice N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Jacka
mesh_terms: D004032:Diet; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000178:diet therapy*; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic