title: Selenium Level and Dyslipidemia in Rural Elderly Chinese.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Higher selenium level has been hypothesized to have the potential to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases including dyslipidemia. However, results from previous studies are inconsistent. This study aims to determine the association between selenium level and dyslipidemia in elderly Chinese with relatively low selenium status.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of 1859 participants aged 65 or older from four rural counties in China was conducted. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDLC) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDLC), nail selenium concentration and APOE genotype were measured in all subjects. The four types of dyslipidemia were defined as >5.17 mmol/L for High-TC, >1.69 mmol/L for High-TG, >3.36 mmol/L for High-LDLC, and <1.04 mmol/L for Low-HDLC according to Chinese Guidelines on Prevention and Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Adults. Logistic models adjusting for age, gender, APOE genotype, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity, medication use for cardiovascular diseases were used to examine the relationship between selenium levels and the risk of dyslipidemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean nail selenium concentration was 0.465 μg/gin this sample. Rates for High-TC, High-LDLC, High-TG, Low-HDLC were 18.13%, 13.23%, 12.21% and 32.76% respectively. Results from logistic models indicated that higher selenium levels were significantly associated with higher risk of High-TC, High-LDLC and lower risk of Low-HDLC adjusting for covariates (p < 0.0001). Compared with the lowest selenium quartile group, participants in selenium quartile groups 2, 3 and 4 had significantly higher rates of High-TC, High-LDLC, High-TG, and lower rate of Low-HDLC adjusting for covariates. No significant association was observed between selenium level and the risk of High-TG. APOEε4 carriers had higher rates of High-TC and High-LDLC. There was no interaction between selenium level and APOE with the rates of dyslipidemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest long-term selenium exposure level may be associated with the risk of dyslipidemia in elderly population. Future studies are needed to examine the underlying mechanism of the association.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Impact Assessment, Institute for Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Liqin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sujuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America.
authors.forename: Frederick W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Unverzagt
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yibin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hake
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Pengju
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jingyi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Shandong Institute for Prevention and Treatment of Endemic Disease in China, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Jianchao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.affiliation: Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention in China, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yinlong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D012424:Rural Population; D012643:Selenium / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D012643:Selenium