title: Nitric oxide-releasing polysaccharide derivative exhibits 8-log reduction against Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus.
abstract: Health-care associated infections (HAIs) and the increasing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria strains remain significant public health threats worldwide. Although the number of HAIs has decreased by using improved sterilization protocols, the cost related to HAIs is still quantified in billions of dollars. Furthermore, the development of multi-drug resistant strains is increasing exponentially, demonstrating that current treatments are inefficient. Thus, the quest for new methods to eradicate bacterial infection is increasingly important in antimicrobial, drug delivery and biomaterials research. Herein, the bactericidal activity of a water-soluble NO-releasing polysaccharide derivative was evaluated in nutrient broth media against three bacteria strains that are commonly responsible for HAIs. Data confirmed that this NO-releasing polysaccharide derivative induced an 8-log reduction in bacterial growth after 24h for Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, the absence of bacteria after 72h of exposure to NO illustrates the inability of the bacteria to recover and the prevention of biofilm formation. The presented 8-log reduction in bacterial survival after 24h is among the highest reduction reported for NO delivery systems to date, and reaches the desired standard for industrially-relevant reduction. More specifically, this system represents the only water-soluble antimicrobial to reach such a significant bacterial reduction in nutrient rich media, wherein experimental conditions more closely mimic the in vivo environment than those in previous reports. Furthermore, the absence of bacterial activity after 72h and the versatility of using a water-soluble compound suggest that this NO-releasing polysaccharide derivative is a promising route for treating HAIs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. Electronic address: Dori.Pegalajar-Jurado@colostate.edu.
authors.forename: Adoracion
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pegalajar-Jurado
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Wold
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Joslin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Bella H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Neufeld
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Kristin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Arabea
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Lucas A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Suazo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: McDaniel
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. Electronic address: Melissa.Reynolds@colostate.edu.
authors.forename: Melissa M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Reynolds
mesh_terms: D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003911:Dextrans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003911:Dextrans; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords: 8-Log reduction; Bactericidal; Nitric-oxide releasing; Polysaccharide