title: Ochratoxin A Dietary Exposure of Ten Population Groups in the Czech Republic: Comparison with Data over the World.
abstract: Ochratoxin A is a nephrotoxic and renal carcinogenic mycotoxin and is a common contaminant of various food commodities. Eighty six kinds of foodstuffs (1032 food samples) were collected in 2011-2013. High-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection was used for ochratoxin A determination. Limit of quantification of the method varied between 0.01-0.2 μg/kg depending on the food matrices. The most exposed population is children aged 4-6 years old. Globally for this group, the maximum ochratoxin A dietary exposure for "average consumer" was estimated at 3.3 ng/kg bw/day (lower bound, considering the analytical values below the limit of quantification as 0) and 3.9 ng/kg bw/day (middle bound, considering the analytical values below the limit of quantification as 1/2 limit of quantification). Important sources of exposure for this latter group include grain-based products, confectionery, meat products and fruit juice. The dietary intake for "high consumers" in the group 4-6 years old was estimated from grains and grain-based products at 19.8 ng/kg bw/day (middle bound), from tea at 12.0 ng/kg bw/day (middle bound) and from confectionery at 6.5 ng/kg bw/day (middle bound). For men aged 18-59 years old beer was the main contributor with an intake of 2.60 ng/kg bw/day ("high consumers", middle bound). Tea and grain-based products were identified to be the main contributors for dietary exposure in women aged 18-59 years old. Coffee and wine were identified as a higher contributor of the OTA intake in the population group of women aged 18-59 years old compared to the other population groups.
authors.affiliation: National Reference Center for Microfungi and Mycotoxins in Food Chains, Center of Health, Nutrition and Food in Brno, National Institute of Public Health in Prague, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic. ostry@chpr.szu.cz.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ostry
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. frantisek.malir@uhk.cz.
authors.forename: Frantisek
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Malir
authors.affiliation: National Reference Center for Microfungi and Mycotoxins in Food Chains, Center of Health, Nutrition and Food in Brno, National Institute of Public Health in Prague, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic. dofkova@chpr.szu.cz.
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dofkova
authors.affiliation: National Reference Center for Microfungi and Mycotoxins in Food Chains, Center of Health, Nutrition and Food in Brno, National Institute of Public Health in Prague, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic. j.skark@seznam.cz.
authors.forename: Jarmila
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skarkova
authors.affiliation: Department Bioprocess & Microbial Systems, Laboratory Chemical Engineering, INP/ENSA Toulouse, University of Toulouse, UMR 5503 CNRS/INPT/UPS, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France. leszkowicz@ensat.fr.
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pfohl-Leszkowicz
authors.affiliation: National Reference Center for Microfungi and Mycotoxins in Food Chains, Center of Health, Nutrition and Food in Brno, National Institute of Public Health in Prague, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic. jruprich@chpr.szu.cz.
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruprich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001515:Beer / Q000382:microbiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003069:Coffee / Q000382:microbiology; D018153:Czech Republic; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008461:Meat Products; D008875:Middle Aged; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D044382:Population Groups; D014920:Wine / Q000382:microbiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D009793:Ochratoxins; C025589:ochratoxin A
keywords: Czech population; dietary exposure; exposure sources; food; ochratoxin A