title: Individual and population intake fractions of diesel particulate matter (DPM) in bus stop microenvironments.
abstract: Diesel particulate matter (DPM) is associated with adverse human health effects. This study aims to investigate the relationship between DPM exposure and emissions by estimating the individual intake fraction (iFi) and population intake fraction (iFp) of DPM. Daily average concentrations of particulate matter at two bus stops during rush hours were measured, and then they were apportioned to DPM due to heavy-duty diesel bus emissions using Chemical Mass Balance Model. The DPM emissions of diesel buses for different driving conditions (idling, creeping and traveling) were estimated on the basis of field observations and published emission factors. The median iFi of DPM was 0.67 and 1.39 per million for commuters standing at the bus stop and pedestrians/cyclists passing through the bus stop during rush hours, respectively. The median iFp of DPM was 94 per million. Estimations of iFi and iFp of DPM are potentially significant for exposure assessment and risk management.
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. Electronic address: jints@nankai.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Taosheng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Yaning
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Jiajia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China. Electronic address: baizp@craes.org.cn.
authors.forename: Zhipeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D014186:Transportation; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
keywords: Diesel particulate matter (DPM); Intake fraction; Public transportation microenvironment; Source apportionment