title: Beneficial Effects of Ethanolic and Hexanic Rice Bran Extract on Mitochondrial Function in PC12 Cells and the Search for Bioactive Components.
abstract: Mitochondria are involved in the aging processes that ultimately lead to neurodegeneration and the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A healthy lifestyle, including a diet rich in antioxidants and polyphenols, represents one strategy to protect the brain and to prevent neurodegeneration. We recently reported that a stabilized hexanic rice bran extract (RBE) rich in vitamin E and polyphenols (but unsuitable for human consumption) has beneficial effects on mitochondrial function in vitro and in vivo (doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2013.06.008, 10.3233/JAD-132084). To enable the use of RBE as food additive, a stabilized ethanolic extract has been produced. Here, we compare the vitamin E profiles of both extracts and their effects on mitochondrial function (ATP concentrations, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial biogenesis) in PC12 cells. We found that vitamin E contents and the effects of both RBE on mitochondrial function were similar. Furthermore, we aimed to identify components responsible for the mitochondria-protective effects of RBE, but could not achieve a conclusive result. α-Tocotrienol and possibly also γ-tocotrienol, α-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol might be involved, but hitherto unknown components of RBE or a synergistic effect of various components might also play a role in mediating RBE's beneficial effects on mitochondrial function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Biocenter Campus Riedberg, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany. hagl@em.uni-frankfurt.de.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hagl
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Biocenter Campus Riedberg, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany. dirk.berressem@nutritional-neuroscience.com.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berressem
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Biocenter Campus Riedberg, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany. s8132827@stud.uni-frankfurt.de.
authors.forename: Bastian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bruns
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany. nadine.sus@nutres.de.
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sus
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany. jan.frank@nutres.de.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Biocenter Campus Riedberg, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany. gunter.eckert@nutritional-neuroscience.com.
authors.forename: Gunter P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Eckert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D014810:Vitamin E; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: PC12 cells; aging; mitochondria; neurodegeneration; prevention; rice bran extract; tocopherol; tocotrienol; vitamin E