title: Professional Practice Environment Scale-Chinese Version: Development and Psychometric Testing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Professional Practice Environment (PPE) scale is widely used to assess the quality of the healthcare environment around the world. No validated Chinese-language scale that is designed to address this issue currently exists.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study evaluates the construct validity of the Chinese-version PPE on a sample of 290 healthcare workers in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forward and backward translations of the PPE scale of Halcomb et al. were used to ensure semantic equivalence. Further, multiple psychometric properties were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The developed scale showed sufficient equivalence. The results of a survey of 290 healthcare providers demonstrated that the developed Chinese-version PPE scale had high reliability (Cronbach's alpha = .88) and validity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of the present study support the effectiveness and efficiency of the Chinese-version 30-item Halcomb's PPE in assessing the professional practice environment in Taiwan.
authors.affiliation: 1PhD, Professor, Graduate Institute of Business and Management, College of Management, Chang Gung University 2PhD, RN, Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, Colleges of Medicine, National Taiwan University 3ScD, Professor, Graduate Institute of Business and Management and Department of Health Care Management, College of Management, Chang Gung University 4MS, Administrator, Center for Quality Management, National Taiwan University Hospital.
authors.forename: Ching-I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Hao-Yuan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jui-Fen Rachel
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Chia-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D002681:China; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011364:Professional Practice / Q000592:standards*; D011594:Psychometrics; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013624:Taiwan; D014177:Translations; D017132:Workplace / Q000592:standards*; D055815:Young Adult