title: Doing Philosophy Effectively: Student Learning in Classroom Teaching.
abstract: An important aim of teaching philosophy in Dutch secondary schools is to learn about philosophy (i.e., the great philosophers) by doing philosophy. We examined doing philosophy and focused specifically on the relationship between student learning activities and teacher behavior; in doing so, a qualitative cross-case analysis of eight philosophy lessons was performed. The effectiveness of doing philosophy was operationalized into five learning activities comprising rationalizing, analyzing, testing, producing criticism, and reflecting, and scored by means of qualitative graphical time registration. Using CA we find a quantitative one-dimensional scale for the lessons that contrasts lessons that are more and less effective in terms of learning and teaching. A relationship was found between teaching by teachers and doing philosophy by students. In particular we found students to produce a higher level of doing philosophy with teachers who chose to organize a philosophical discussion with shared guidance by the teacher together with the students.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Education, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Natascha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kienstra
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Education, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Imants
authors.affiliation: Department of Philosophy, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Machiel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karskens
authors.affiliation: Department of Methodology and Statistics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; S3RI, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Peter G M
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: van der Heijden
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D010684:Philosophy; D018794:Problem-Based Learning / Q000379:methods*; D012574:Schools; D012919:Social Behavior; D013334:Students; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods*