title: Sequence Diversity of VP4 and VP7 Genes of Human Rotavirus Strains in Saudi Arabia.
abstract: Group A rotavirus is responsible for inducing severe diarrhea in young children worldwide. Rotavirus vaccines are used to control the disease in many countries. In the current study, the sequences of human rotavirus G and P types in Saudi Arabia are reported and compared to different relevant published sequences. In addition, the VP4 and VP7 genes of the G1P[8] strains are compared to different antigenic epitopes of the rotavirus vaccines. Stool samples were collected from children under 2 years suffering from severe diarrhea. Screening of the rotavirus-positive samples was performed with rapid antigen detection kit. RNA was amplified from rotavirus-positive samples by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay for both VP4 and VP7 genes. Direct sequencing of the VP4 and VP7 genes was conducted and the obtained sequences were compared to each other and to the rotavirus vaccines. Both G1P[8] G1P[4] genotypes were detected. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the detected strains belong to G1 lineage 1 and 2, P[8] lineage 3, and to P[4] lineage 5. Multiple amino acid substitutions were detected between the Saudi RVA strains and the commonly used vaccines. The current findings emphasize the importance of the continuous surveillance of the circulating rotavirus strains, which is crucial for monitoring virus evolution and helping in predicting the protection level afforded by rotavirus vaccines.
authors.affiliation: 1 College of Medicine, Taif University , Al-Taif, Saudi Arabia .|2 Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University , Beni-Suef, Egypt .
authors.forename: Ahmed S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Abdel-Moneim
authors.affiliation: 3 Pediatric Hospital , Al-Taif, Saudi Arabia .
authors.forename: Mater I R
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Al-Malky
authors.affiliation: 1 College of Medicine, Taif University , Al-Taif, Saudi Arabia .
authors.forename: Adnan A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Alsulaimani
authors.affiliation: 1 College of Medicine, Taif University , Al-Taif, Saudi Arabia .
authors.forename: Abdelaziz S A
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Abuelsaad
authors.affiliation: 1 College of Medicine, Taif University , Al-Taif, Saudi Arabia .
authors.forename: Imad
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: 1 College of Medicine, Taif University , Al-Taif, Saudi Arabia .
authors.forename: Ayman K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ismail
mesh_terms: D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000821:virology; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D012367:RNA, Viral; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines; C060339:VP4 protein, Rotavirus; C050779:VP7 protein, Rotavirus