title: Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt for Extrahepatic Portal Venous Obstruction in Children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for extrahepatic portal venous obstruction with recurrent variceal bleeding in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  From November 2005 to December 2013, 28 consecutive paediatric patients with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction treated with TIPS for recurrent variceal bleeding refractory to medical/endoscopic therapy and/or surgical treatment in a tertiary-care centre were followed until last clinical evaluation or death. The median follow-up time was 36.0 months (range 4.0-106.0 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen boys and 11 girls of ages 7.1 to 17.9 years (median 12.3 years) weighing 19.0 to 62.0 kg (median 33.5 kg) were treated. TIPS was successfully placed in 17 of 28 (60.7%) patients via a transjugular approach alone (n = 4), a combined transjugular/transhepatic approach (n = 9), or a combined transjugular/transsplenic approach (n = 4). Shunt dysfunction occurred in 6 of 17 (35.3%) patients. The cumulative 1- and 3-year free-from-variceal-rebleeding rates in TIPS success group were higher than those in TIPS failure group (75.0% and 67.5% vs 45.5% and 18.2%, respectively, P = 0.0075). Compared with the TIPS failure group, the improvements in the height-for-age z scores were greater in the TIPS success group (P = 0.017). Procedure-related complication occurred in 1 patient (3.6%), and no episode of post-TIPS hepatic encephalopathy occurred in any patient. Except 1 patient in the TIPS success group died at 115 postoperative days, all patients were alive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TIPS is feasible and effective in children with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction and recurrent variceal bleeding. TIPS could represent a less-invasive alternative to traditional surgical portosystemic shunting or a valuable treatment option if surgery and endoscopic treatment failed.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Liver Diseases and Digestive Interventional Radiology †Department of Ultrasound ‡State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Chuangye
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Wengang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Zhanxin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Jianhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bojing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiangchen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Jingzhi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Bohan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Feifei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Daiming
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Guohong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D004724:Endoscopy; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D010372:Pediatrics; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019168:Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*