title: Pharmacogenetic association between XRCC1 polymorphisms and improved outcomes in bladder cancer patients following intravesical instillation of epirubicin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  XRCC1 is a multi-domain protein associated with bladder cancer. We investigated the relationship between the distribution of XRCC1 polymorphisms (rs915927 and rs2854501) and clinical outcomes following intravesical instillation with epirubicin (EPI) or mitomycin C (MMC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A TaqMan assay was performed to determine genotypes of 240 individuals diagnosed with bladder cancer. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between polymorphisms and relapse-free survival (RFS) of patients. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine expression of XRCC1 polymorphisms. Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Risk of bladder cancer recurrence was significantly reduced in patients receiving EPI who had higher incidences of XRCC1 polymorphisms (P=0.009 for rs915927, P=0.001 for rs2854501). In participants administered MMC, results were not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polymorphisms in XRCC1 SNP variants (rs915927 and rs2854501) were associated with improved clinical outcomes following EPI treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Pengchao
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Xiaheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Yidong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Zengjun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Changjun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yin
keywords: Bladder cancer; XRCC1; epirubicin; instillation; polymorphisms