title: Investigations of selected pathogens among village pigs in Central Papua, Indonesia.
abstract: Village pig husbandry is an important part of livestock production in Papua Province, Eastern Indonesia. However, high level of disease and mortality constrains production. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the selected pathogens in village pigs in the Jayawijaya Region of Papua Province, Indonesia. Two studies were conducted: Study 1 determined the prevalence of selected pathogens in dead or moribund pigs sent to the main local market for sale. Study 2 recorded the prevalence of the selected pathogens, on pig farms in the Subdistrict of Wamena that had not recorded a case of pig mortality during the duration of Study 1. Blood samples of individuals from both groups were tested for CSF antigen and antibody, as well as antibody against PCV2. Organs with evident pathological changes from Study 1 and tonsilar swabs from Study 2 were subjected to bacteriological culture and identification of Streptococcus suis and Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Faecal samples from both studies were examined for eggs of strongyle parasites, Trichuris suis, Ascaris suum, Strongyloides ransomi and coccidia. The main infections in both studies were CSF, PCV2 and strongyle parasites, but prevalence was higher in Study 1 (P < 0.05). T. suis and S. zooepidemicus were prevalent in pigs in Study 1, but rare in healthy pigs (P < 0.05). Infections with coccidia, A. suum and S. ransomi were common but did not differ between groups (P < 0.05), with S. suis infections uncommon in both studies. This suggests that infections with CSF, PCV2, strongyle and T. suis are important pathogens in village pig farms in Jayawijaya. Local pig husbandry practices, such as confining pigs and heat-treating pig feeds, may be practical solutions to help minimize infection in village pigs in Jayawijaya.
authors.affiliation: School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5371, Australia.
authors.forename: Widi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nugroho
authors.affiliation: South Australia Research and Development Institute, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5371, Australia.
authors.forename: Colin Frank
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Cargill
authors.affiliation: Dinas Perikanan dan Peternakan, Kabupaten Jayawijaya, Papua, Indonesia.
authors.forename: I Made
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Putra
authors.affiliation: School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5371, Australia.
authors.forename: Roy Neville
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Kirkwood
authors.affiliation: School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5371, Australia.
authors.forename: Darren John
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Trott
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Olahraga, Karangmalang, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Siti Isrina Oktavia
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Salasia
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Olahraga, Karangmalang, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Mitra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Slipranata
authors.affiliation: School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5371, Australia. michael.reichel@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Michael Philipp
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Reichel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D006374:Helminthiasis, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D010270:Parasite Egg Count; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: CSF; Endoparasites; PCV2; Pig; Streptococcus suis; Streptococcus zooepidemicus