title: Furcate Umbilical Cord Insertion: Disparate Outcomes of a Rare Obstetrical Finding. A Case Report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Furcate umbilical cord insertions are rare obstetrical findings. This variant is defined by an umbilical cord which branches prior to contacting the placental surface. The vessels are left vulnerable to injury as they often separate from the cord substance.
  
  
  METHODS
  In case 1, a duplex placenta and bifurcate umbilical cord were diagnosed at routine anatomy ultrasound, and no significant fetal anomalies were associated with these findings. There was difficulty with placental extraction, leading to postpartum dilation and curettage. In case 2, the furcate umbilical cord was diagnosed on postpartum evaluation after emergent delivery. It was found in conjunction with VACTERL association of the fetus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormal placentation and umbilical cord insertion can be diagnosed prenatally. Earlier recognition will allow for earlier identification of possible associated fetal anomalies, delivery planning, and close observation for maternal and fetal complications.
authors.forename: Leah M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Lamale-Smith
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Snuttjer
authors.forename: Teresa C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Harper
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010922:Placenta Diseases; D011247:Pregnancy; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000098:blood supply; D054079:Vascular Malformations