title: Structural and functional brain changes in delusional disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Delusional disorder has been the subject of very little investigation using brain imaging.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine potential structural and/or functional brain abnormalities in this disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used structural imaging (voxel-based morphometry, VBM) and functional imaging (during performance of the n-back task and whole-brain resting connectivity analysis) to examine 22 patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for delusional disorder and 44 matched healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients showed grey matter reductions in the medial frontal/anterior cingulate cortex and bilateral insula on unmodulated (but not on modulated) VBM analysis, failure of de-activation in the medial frontal/anterior cingulate cortex during performance of the n-back task, and decreased resting-state connectivity in the bilateral insula.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings provide evidence of brain abnormality in the medial frontal/anterior cingulate cortex and insula in delusional disorder. A role for the former region in the pathogenesis of delusions is consistent with several other lines of evidence.
authors.affiliation: Victor Vicens, MD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain, Benito Menni CASM, Barcelona, Spain and Psychiatry and Mental Health Program, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Joaquim Radua, MD, BStat, PhD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; Raymond Salvador, BStat, PhD, Maria Anguera-Camós, BSc, Erick J. Canales-Rodríguez, BSc, Salvador Sarró, MD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; Teresa Maristany, MD, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu infantil, Barcelona, Spain; Peter J. McKenna, MD, Edith Pomarol-Clotet, MD, PhD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vicens
authors.affiliation: Victor Vicens, MD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain, Benito Menni CASM, Barcelona, Spain and Psychiatry and Mental Health Program, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Joaquim Radua, MD, BStat, PhD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; Raymond Salvador, BStat, PhD, Maria Anguera-Camós, BSc, Erick J. Canales-Rodríguez, BSc, Salvador Sarró, MD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; Teresa Maristany, MD, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu infantil, Barcelona, Spain; Peter J. McKenna, MD, Edith Pomarol-Clotet, MD, PhD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain jradua@fidmag.com.
authors.forename: Joaquim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Radua
authors.affiliation: Victor Vicens, MD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain, Benito Menni CASM, Barcelona, Spain and Psychiatry and Mental Health Program, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Joaquim Radua, MD, BStat, PhD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; Raymond Salvador, BStat, PhD, Maria Anguera-Camós, BSc, Erick J. Canales-Rodríguez, BSc, Salvador Sarró, MD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; Teresa Maristany, MD, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu infantil, Barcelona, Spain; Peter J. McKenna, MD, Edith Pomarol-Clotet, MD, PhD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salvador
authors.affiliation: Victor Vicens, MD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain, Benito Menni CASM, Barcelona, Spain and Psychiatry and Mental Health Program, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Joaquim Radua, MD, BStat, PhD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; Raymond Salvador, BStat, PhD, Maria Anguera-Camós, BSc, Erick J. Canales-Rodríguez, BSc, Salvador Sarró, MD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; Teresa Maristany, MD, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu infantil, Barcelona, Spain; Peter J. McKenna, MD, Edith Pomarol-Clotet, MD, PhD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anguera-Camós
authors.affiliation: Victor Vicens, MD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain, Benito Menni CASM, Barcelona, Spain and Psychiatry and Mental Health Program, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Joaquim Radua, MD, BStat, PhD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; Raymond Salvador, BStat, PhD, Maria Anguera-Camós, BSc, Erick J. Canales-Rodríguez, BSc, Salvador Sarró, MD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; Teresa Maristany, MD, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu infantil, Barcelona, Spain; Peter J. McKenna, MD, Edith Pomarol-Clotet, MD, PhD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.
authors.forename: Erick J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Canales-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Victor Vicens, MD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain, Benito Menni CASM, Barcelona, Spain and Psychiatry and Mental Health Program, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Joaquim Radua, MD, BStat, PhD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; Raymond Salvador, BStat, PhD, Maria Anguera-Camós, BSc, Erick J. Canales-Rodríguez, BSc, Salvador Sarró, MD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; Teresa Maristany, MD, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu infantil, Barcelona, Spain; Peter J. McKenna, MD, Edith Pomarol-Clotet, MD, PhD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarró
authors.affiliation: Victor Vicens, MD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain, Benito Menni CASM, Barcelona, Spain and Psychiatry and Mental Health Program, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Joaquim Radua, MD, BStat, PhD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; Raymond Salvador, BStat, PhD, Maria Anguera-Camós, BSc, Erick J. Canales-Rodríguez, BSc, Salvador Sarró, MD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; Teresa Maristany, MD, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu infantil, Barcelona, Spain; Peter J. McKenna, MD, Edith Pomarol-Clotet, MD, PhD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maristany
authors.affiliation: Victor Vicens, MD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain, Benito Menni CASM, Barcelona, Spain and Psychiatry and Mental Health Program, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Joaquim Radua, MD, BStat, PhD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; Raymond Salvador, BStat, PhD, Maria Anguera-Camós, BSc, Erick J. Canales-Rodríguez, BSc, Salvador Sarró, MD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; Teresa Maristany, MD, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu infantil, Barcelona, Spain; Peter J. McKenna, MD, Edith Pomarol-Clotet, MD, PhD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.affiliation: Victor Vicens, MD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain, Benito Menni CASM, Barcelona, Spain and Psychiatry and Mental Health Program, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Joaquim Radua, MD, BStat, PhD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; Raymond Salvador, BStat, PhD, Maria Anguera-Camós, BSc, Erick J. Canales-Rodríguez, BSc, Salvador Sarró, MD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; Teresa Maristany, MD, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu infantil, Barcelona, Spain; Peter J. McKenna, MD, Edith Pomarol-Clotet, MD, PhD, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pomarol-Clotet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000473:pathology*; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012563:Schizophrenia, Paranoid / Q000503:physiopathology*