title: Overexpression of forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) plays a critical role in colorectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), an important regulator of cell differentiation and proliferation, is overexpressed in a number of aggressive human carcinomas. However, the clinical significance of FOXM1 signaling in human colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of FOXM1 in CRC tumorigenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated FOXM1 expression in 103 cases of primary CRC and matched normal tissue specimens and explored the underlying mechanisms of altered FOXM1 expression and the impact of this altered expression on CRC proliferation and metastasis using in vitro models of CRC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that high expression of FOXM1 staining was 85.44% (88/103) in 103 cases of CRC and 20.39% (21/103) in 103 cases of adjacent non-cancerous tissue samples; the difference of FOXM1 expression between two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Silencing of FOXM1 inhibited the proliferation of CRC cells, and the invasion and migration of CRC cells were distinctly suppressed. Furthermore, FOXM1 knockdown led to substantial reductions in VEGF-A levels in CRC cell lines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that the pathogenesis of CRC maybe mediated by FOXM1, and FOXM1 could represent selective targets for the molecularly targeted treatments of CRC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Luoyang Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 288 Zhongzhou Road, Luoyang, 471000, China.
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Luoyang Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, 471000, China.
authors.forename: X W
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Luoyang Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 288 Zhongzhou Road, Luoyang, 471000, China.
authors.forename: X P
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Luoyang Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, 471000, China.
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Luoyang Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, 471000, China.
authors.forename: Z H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Luoyang Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 288 Zhongzhou Road, Luoyang, 471000, China.
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Luoyang Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 288 Zhongzhou Road, Luoyang, 471000, China.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Luoyang Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 288 Zhongzhou Road, Luoyang, 471000, China.
authors.forename: Y F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Luoyang Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 288 Zhongzhou Road, Luoyang, 471000, China.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Luoyang Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 288 Zhongzhou Road, Luoyang, 471000, China. drliug6@163.com.
authors.forename: X Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D000072278:Forkhead Box Protein M1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C107585:FOXM1 protein, human; D000072278:Forkhead Box Protein M1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering
keywords: Colorectal cancer; Forkhead box protein M1; Small interfering RNA; Targeted therapy