title: Synthesis and characterization of chitosan-g-N-methyl piperazinium chloride: A hybrid flocculant.
abstract: Flocculation is one of the most widely applied techniques for water treatment. Flocculants based on natural polymer has received more attention due to their eco-friendliness in recent years. New water soluble N-methyl piperazinium chloride grafted chitosan flocculant (chitosan-g-N-MPC) was successfully synthesized and thoroughly characterized using FTIR, NMR and powder X-ray diffraction analytical techniques. Incorporation of N-MPC enhanced the ionic character of the chitosan backbone and improved its water solubility. The flocculation performance of chitosan-g-N-MPC was tested against bentonite suspension. The flocculation performance of chitosan-g-N-MPC was investigated under various pH conditions. Turbidity and zeta potential measurements were employed to investigate the flocculation behavior of the chitosan-g-N-MPC. The characteristics of the industrial wastewater before and after flocculation were analyzed. The morphology of the polymer and flocs were studied by TEM analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Guindy Campus, University of Madras, Chennai 600 025, India.
authors.forename: Muthumanickam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dharani
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Guindy Campus, University of Madras, Chennai 600 025, India. Electronic address: bala2010@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sengottuvelan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balasubramanian
mesh_terms: D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D005427:Flocculation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D010879:Piperazines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D010879:Piperazines; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Flocculation; Hybrid chitosan; N-methyl piperazinium chloride; Polyelectrolyte