title: Determination of personal care products and hormones in leachate and groundwater from Polish MSW landfills by ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction and GC-MS.
abstract: Determination of the endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in leachate and groundwater samples from the landfill sites is very important because of the proven harmful effects of these compounds on human and animal organisms. A method combining ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed for simultaneous determination of seven personal care products (PCPs): methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP), buthylparaben (BP), benzophenone (BPh), 3-(4-methylbenzylidene)camphor (4-MBC), N,N-diethyltoluamide (DEET), and two hormones: estrone (E1) and β-estradiol (E2) in landfill leachate and groundwater samples. The limit of detection (LOD)/limit of quantification (LOQ) values in landfill leachate and groundwater samples were in the range of 0.003-0.083/0.009-0.277 μg L(-1) and 0.001-0.015/0.002-0.049 μg L(-1), respectively. Quantitative recoveries and satisfactory precision were obtained. All studied compounds were found in the landfill leachates from Polish municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills; the concentrations were between 0.66 and 202.42 μg L(-1). The concentration of pollutants in groundwater samples was generally below 0.1 μg L(-1).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kapelewska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland. ukrajew@uwb.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kotowska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wiśniewska
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000032:analysis; D003671:DEET / Q000032:analysis; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D060587:Groundwater / Q000737:chemistry*; D006728:Hormones / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D014465:Ultrasonics; D064091:Waste Disposal Facilities; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D006728:Hormones; D062611:Solid Waste; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003671:DEET
keywords: Endocrine disrupting compounds; Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; Groundwater; Hormones; Landfill leachate; Personal care products; Ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction