title: Intensification of ultrasound-assisted process for the preparation of spindle-shape sodium zinc molybdate nanoparticles.
abstract: In the present work, sodium zinc molybdate (SZM) nanoparticles were prepared using conventional and an innovative ultrasound assisted co-precipitation of sodium molybdate, zinc oxide and HNO3 at different temperatures. Prepared product was characterized by XRD, TEM, FT-IR, particle size distribution (PSD), TGA and DTA techniques. TEM analysis shows the spindle-shaped morphology of the formed SZM nanoparticles. The average particle size of SZM nanoparticles is found to be lower in case of sonochemical method (78.3 nm) compared to conventional method (340.2 nm) which is attributed to faster solute transfer rate due to ultrasonic irradiation leading to rapid nucleation and restricted growth of SZM nanoparticles. Further, the kinetics of synthesis of SZM nanoparticles are studied using the sonochemical method at different operating temperature and conventional method at 80°C. It is shown that the rate of reaction is significantly faster at 40°C compared to other temperatures and also conventional method. This can be attributed to intense cavity collapse at lower temperature (low vapour pressure) compared to higher temperature (high vapour pressure) of the reaction mixture.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, MS, India. Electronic address: bharatbhanvase@gmail.com.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Bhanvase
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune 411037, MS, India.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, AP, India.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Sonawane
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, MS, India.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Pandit
keywords: HNO(3) consumption; Kinetic behaviour; PSD; SZM nanoparticles; Ultrasound