title: Snap-lock bags with red band: A study of manufacturing characteristics, thermal and chemical properties.
abstract: Drug packaging is commonly submitted to the Forensic Chemistry and Physics Laboratory of the Health Sciences Authority, Singapore, for examination. The drugs seized are often packaged in plastic bags. These bags are examined for linkages to provide law enforcement with useful associations between the traffickers and drug abusers. The plastic bags submitted may include snap-lock bags, some with a red band located above the snap-lock closure and some without. Current techniques for examination involve looking at the physical characteristics (dimensions, thickness and polarising patterns) and manufacturing marks of these bags. In cases where manufacturing marks on the main body of the bags are poor or absent, the manufacturing characteristics present on the red band can be examined. A study involving approximately 1000 bags was conducted to better understand the variations in the manufacturing characteristics of the red band. This understanding is crucial in helping to determine associations/eliminations between bags. Two instrumental techniques, namely differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were explored to evaluate the effectiveness of examining the chemical composition to discriminate the bags.
authors.affiliation: Forensic Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, 11 Outram Road, Singapore 169078, Singapore.
authors.forename: Yvonne Hui Ying
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.affiliation: Forensic Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, 11 Outram Road, Singapore 169078, Singapore. Electronic address: Alaric_KOH@hsa.gov.sg.
authors.forename: Alaric C W
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.affiliation: Forensic Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, 11 Outram Road, Singapore 169078, Singapore.
authors.forename: Shing Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Forensic Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, 11 Outram Road, Singapore 169078, Singapore.
authors.forename: Sok Yee
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Yew
keywords: DSC; Drug packaging; Intelligence; Plastic bags