title: Molecular Characterization of Six Small Heat Shock Proteins and Their Responses Under Cadmium Stress in Oxya chinensis (Orthoptera: Acridoidea).
abstract: Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) have been implicated in many physiological processes and play important roles in the response to various stresses. In this study, the full-length sequences of six sHSPs: OcHSP19.1, 19.8, 20.4, 20.7, 21.1, and 23.8 were obtained from the rice grasshopper Oxya chinensis transcriptome database. The deduced amino acid sequences of the six OcsHSPs contain a typical α-crystallin domain, which consists of approximately 100 amino acid residues and five β-strands. The phylogenetic analysis suggested that OcHSP23.8 was orthologous to the sHSPs of other species and that OcHSP19.1, 20.4, 20.7, and 21.1 were species specific, whereas OcHSP19.8 did not cluster closely to Orthoptera but was placed on the basal end of the cluster. Developmental stage-dependent and tissue-specific expression patterns were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The six genes were expressed in all developmental stages and showed clear tissue specificity. The cadmium acute experiment indicates that Cd(2+) can induce the six genes. However, various response patterns were observed among these genes under Cd(2+) stress conditions. OcHSP19.1, 19.8, 20.4, and 20.7 were highly induced by 2.61 mM Cd(2+) at 24 h. OcHSP23.8 was significantly upregulated by 2.61 mM Cd(2+) at 6 h. For OcHSP21.1, the highest expression levels were found after treatment with 0.87 mM Cd(2+) for 24 h, 1.74 mM Cd(2+) for 36 h, and 2.61 mM Cd(2+) for 12 h. These differential characteristics will facilitate future investigations into the physiological functions of sHSPs.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China (koulihua1989@126.com; wuhaihua04@163.com; liuyaoming1022@163.com; zypsjwshy@163.com; maenbo2003@sxu.edu.cn).
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Kou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China (koulihua1989@126.com; wuhaihua04@163.com; liuyaoming1022@163.com; zypsjwshy@163.com; maenbo2003@sxu.edu.cn).
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China (koulihua1989@126.com; wuhaihua04@163.com; liuyaoming1022@163.com; zypsjwshy@163.com; maenbo2003@sxu.edu.cn).
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Biology Department of Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China (zypsjwshy@163.com), and.
authors.forename: Y P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China (koulihua1989@126.com; wuhaihua04@163.com; liuyaoming1022@163.com; zypsjwshy@163.com; maenbo2003@sxu.edu.cn).
authors.forename: J Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China (guoyp1955@163.com).
authors.forename: Y P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China (koulihua1989@126.com; wuhaihua04@163.com; liuyaoming1022@163.com; zypsjwshy@163.com; maenbo2003@sxu.edu.cn), maenbo2003@sxu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006110:Grasshoppers / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D050888:Heat-Shock Proteins, Small / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009758:Nymph / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D050888:Heat-Shock Proteins, Small; D019476:Insect Proteins; D002104:Cadmium
keywords: Oxya chinensis; cadmium stress; gene cloning; phylogenetic analysis; secondary structure