title: The investigation and treatment of female pelvic floor dysfunction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  25% of all women report involuntary loss of urine, and 7% may require treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review is based on a selection of pertinent literature, including guidelines and Cochrane reviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The assessment of pelvic floor dysfunction in women begins with a basic evaluation that is followed by special diagnostic tests if indicated. The physician taking the clinical history should inquire about the patient's behavior, personality, social and other stressors, and eating and drinking habits, as well as any mental disorders that may be present, including anxiety disorders, depression, somatization disorders, and disorders of adaptation. Conservative treatment consists mainly of lifestyle changes, physiotherapy, and medication. Stress incontinence is most commonly treated with pelvic floor exercises, with a documented success rate of 56.1% vs. 6% without such treatment (relative risk 8.38, 95% confidence interval 3.67-19.07). If incontinence persists, surgery may be indicated ( implantation of suburethral tension-free slings, or colposuspension). Feedback and biofeedback training can be used to treat an overactive bladder. If these techniques and drug therapy are unsuccessful, botulinum toxin injections can be considered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Well-validated treatments for pelvic floor dysfunction are available. Psychosomatic factors must be taken into account and can have a major effect on treatment outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Private practice for gynecology at Pasinger Bahnhof, München, Pelvic Floor Center München, Surgical Hospital München-Bogenhausen, Fertility Center Berlin; DRK Hospital Berlin Westend.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jundt
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Peschers
authors.forename: Heribert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kentenich
mesh_terms: D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology / Q000379:methods; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D052776:Female Urogenital Diseases; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D059952:Pelvic Floor Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D053825:Suburethral Slings; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016387:Women's Health