title: Prevalence of anemia and associations between neonatal iron status, hepcidin, and maternal iron status among neonates born to pregnant adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about anemia and iron status in US newborns because screening for anemia is typically not undertaken until 1 y of age. This study was undertaken to characterize and identify determinants of iron status in newborns born to pregnant adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant adolescents (≤ 18 y, n = 193) were followed from ≥ 12 wk gestation until delivery. Hemoglobin, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, serum iron, hepcidin, erythropoietin (EPO), IL-6, and C-reactive protein were assessed in maternal and cord blood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At birth, 21% of the neonates were anemic (Hb < 13.0 g/dl) and 25% had low iron stores (ferritin < 76 µg/l). Cord serum ferritin concentrations were not significantly associated with gestational age (GA) at birth across the range of 37-42 wk. Neonates born to mothers with ferritin < 12 µg/l had significantly lower ferritin (P = 0.003) compared to their counterparts. Hepcidin and IL-6 were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in neonates born to mothers with longer durations of active labor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the importance of the iron stores at birth on maintenance of iron homeostasis over early infancy, additional screening of iron status at birth is warranted among those born to this high risk obstetric population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
authors.forename: Sunmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York.
authors.forename: Ronnie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guillet
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York.
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Intrinsic Life Sciences LLC, La Jolla, California.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Westerman
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orlando
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
authors.forename: Tera
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kent
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pressman
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
authors.forename: Kimberly O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: O'Brien
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American; D000740:Anemia / Q000097:blood / Q000151:congenital* / Q000453:epidemiology; D001724:Birth Weight; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D005865:Gestational Age; D064451:Hepcidins / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood*; D007743:Labor, Obstetric / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy; D011253:Pregnancy in Adolescence / Q000097:blood*; D015995:Prevalence; D011990:Receptors, Transferrin / Q000097:blood; D044465:White People
chemical_list: C554270:EPO protein, human; D064451:Hepcidins; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011990:Receptors, Transferrin; D004921:Erythropoietin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron