title: The comparison of the migration and transformation behavior of heavy metals during pyrolysis and liquefaction of municipal sewage sludge, paper mill sludge, and slaughterhouse sludge.
abstract: Municipal sewage sludge, paper mill sludge, and slaughterhouse sludge were pyrolyzed and liquefied for the production of bio-char. The migration and transformation behavior of Cu, Cr, and Zn during pyrolysis and liquefaction of these sludges were studied. Pyrolysis and liquefaction promoted mobile fraction (F1 and F2) to stable fraction (F3 and F4). The results showed that pyrolysis and liquefaction largely affected the redistribution of Cu and Zn in raw materials. The environmental risk assessment results indicated that the environmental risk levels of Cu and Zn were significantly reduced in bio-char, and risk level of Cr was slightly decreased after pyrolysis or liquefaction. Both pyrolysis and liquefaction were promising detoxification technologies for the three sludges in terms of the mitigation of heavy metals toxicity. It was suggested that dewatered sludge could be reduced toxicity/risk before utilization by pyrolysis or liquefaction technology, especially for Cu and Zn in slaughterhouse sludge.
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
authors.forename: Jianguang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Resource-Conserving & Environment-friendly Society and Ecological Civilization, Changsha 410083, PR China. Electronic address: yxz@hnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xingzhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
authors.forename: Lijian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leng
authors.affiliation: School of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China.
authors.forename: Huajun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China; School of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China.
authors.forename: Longbo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
authors.forename: Hou
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Innovation Center of Resource-Conserving & Environment-friendly Society and Ecological Civilization, Changsha 410083, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
authors.forename: Guangming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D000075322:Heavy Metal Poisoning; D007221:Industry; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D011041:Poisoning; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012722:Sewage
keywords: Heavy metal; Liquefaction; Pyrolysis; Risk assessment; Sludge