title: Evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis as a Control Agent for Adult Anopheles gambiae.
abstract: Unlike the application of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) for the control of larval mosquitoes, studies of its effects on adults, for its possible use in attractive toxic sugar baits, have resulted in conflicting results. Five species have shown a decrease in adult survival due to Bti ingestion, whereas adults of Anopheles arabiensis have not. We sought to determine if ingestion of Bti by adults of Anopheles gambiae, a sibling species of An. arabiensis, increases their mortality. Laboratory-reared adults were provided continuously from emergence with water only, a sucrose solution, or a Bti suspension in sucrose solution. After 3 days, the Bti suspension was replaced with untainted sucrose solution. The mosquitoes with only water were all dead by day 3. The survivorships of those in the sucrose and sucrose-Bti treatments were insignificantly different, both with an LT50 (Lethal Time, time until 50% of individuals died) of 25 days. The results support the conclusion that adult survivorship of An. gambiae-complex members is unaffected by the ingestion of Bti in sugar meals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Department of Evolution, Ecology & Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Terbot
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Department of Evolution, Ecology & Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.
authors.forename: Mahmood R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Nikbakhtzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Department of Evolution, Ecology & Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.
authors.forename: Woodbridge A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Foster
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000502:physiology*; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D008136:Longevity; D008297:Male; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D013395:Sucrose / Q000378:metabolism*; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D013395:Sucrose
keywords: Adult survival; Anopheles gambiae; Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis; mosquito control; toxic sugar baits