title: Human exposure to heavy metals and possible public health risks via consumption of wild edible mushrooms from Slovak Paradise National Park, Slovakia.
abstract: The contamination level of 92 samples (12 species) of wild edible mushrooms and underlying substrates with heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn) in the Slovak Paradise National Park that borders with a region of historical mining and processing of polymetallic ores, were determined. The collected samples were analyzed using of atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The metals were determined separately in hymenophore (H) and rest of fruit bodies (RFB). Bioaccumulation factor as well as ratio of metal content in H and RFB were calculated. Cadmium and lead contents in hymenophore exceeded statutory limits of the EU (Cd: 0.5 mg/kg dry weight (dw), Pb: 1.0 mg/kg dw) for edible mushrooms in 96% and 83% of the samples, respectively. The risk from the consumption of the collected mushroom species was calculated based on the provisionally tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) values, and the highest health risk arising with consumption of particularly Macrolepiota procera, Marasmius oreades and Russula vesca from the observed area was demonstrated. It was shown that average weekly consumption of tested mushrooms species results the threat of exceeding of PTWI limits in the case of cadmium values (by 164%, 86% and 4% of PTWI for M. oreades, R. vesca and R. puellaris, respectively) and of mercury (by 96% of PTWI for M. procera) but not lead.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry, Slovak University of Agriculture , Nitra , Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Július
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Árvay
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry, Slovak University of Agriculture , Nitra , Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Ján
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tomáš
authors.affiliation: b Department of Sustainable Development, Slovak University of Agriculture , Nitra , Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hauptvogl
authors.affiliation: c Department of Animal Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture , Nitra , Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Massányi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry, Slovak University of Agriculture , Nitra , Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Ľuboš
authors.initials: Ľ
authors.lastname: Harangozo
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry, Slovak University of Agriculture , Nitra , Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Tomáš
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tóth
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry, Slovak University of Agriculture , Nitra , Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Radovan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stanovič
authors.affiliation: d The State Nature Conservancy of the Slovak Republic, Administration of the National Park Slovak Paradise , Spišská Nová Ves , Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Štefánia
authors.initials: Š
authors.lastname: Bryndzová
authors.affiliation: b Department of Sustainable Development, Slovak University of Agriculture , Nitra , Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bumbalová
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000737:chemistry; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000068316:Parks, Recreational; D011634:Public Health; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018154:Slovakia; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D008628:Mercury
keywords: Edible mushroom; contamination; heavy metals; human health; risk assessment