title: A rare case of dual origin of the left vertebral artery without convergence.
abstract: A case of dual origin of the left vertebral artery was encountered in a dissection course for medical students in 2014. Two vertebral arteries were observed on the left side. One arose from the aortic arch between the origin of the left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery, entered the transverse foramen of the 4th cervical vertebra, and coursed upward into the transverse foramen. The other arose from the left subclavian artery as expected, divided into two branches anterior to the cervical vertebrae, and entered the transverse foramina of the 6th and 7th cervical vertebrae. Both branches flowed into the anterior spinal artery. Moreover, as seen in other anomalies, 3 arterial fenestrations were observed in the cranial arteries. This case is extremely unique with respect to the following points: the 2 ipsilateral vertebral arteries did not combine to form 1 vertebral artery, the vertebral artery of subclavian artery origin entered the transverse foramen of the 7th cervical vertebra, and 3 fenestrations were observed in the intracranial arteries. This is a very suggestive case for neurosurgeons and radiologists who perform treatments involving the vertebral artery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan. koichiwatanabeprs@gmail.com.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saga
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iwanaga
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tabira
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaki
mesh_terms: D001013:Aorta, Thoracic; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D004210:Dissection; D006801:Humans; D013348:Subclavian Artery; D014711:Vertebral Artery
keywords: anterior spinal artery; duplication; fenestration; intersegmental artery; longitudinal anastomosis; transverse foramen; vertebral artery