title: The ERα-PI3K Cascade in Proopiomelanocortin Progenitor Neurons Regulates Feeding and Glucose Balance in Female Mice.
abstract: Estrogens act upon estrogen receptor (ER)α to inhibit feeding and improve glucose homeostasis in female animals. However, the intracellular signals that mediate these estrogenic actions remain unknown. Here, we report that anorexigenic effects of estrogens are blunted in female mice that lack ERα specifically in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) progenitor neurons. These mutant mice also develop insulin resistance and are insensitive to the glucose-regulatory effects of estrogens. Moreover, we showed that propyl pyrazole triol (an ERα agonist) stimulates the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway specifically in POMC progenitor neurons, and that blockade of PI3K attenuates propyl pyrazole triol-induced activation of POMC neurons. Finally, we show that effects of estrogens to inhibit food intake and to improve insulin sensitivity are significantly attenuated in female mice with PI3K genetically inhibited in POMC progenitor neurons. Together, our results indicate that an ERα-PI3K cascade in POMC progenitor neurons mediates estrogenic actions to suppress food intake and improve insulin sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutrition Research Center (L.Z., P.X., X.C., Y.Y., A.O.H., Y.Xi., K.S., X.Y., F.Z., H.D., C.W., C.Y., M.F., Y.Xu), Department of Pediatrics; Diabetes Research Center (P.S., L.C.), Department of Medicine; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (L.C., Y.Xu), Baylor College of Medicine, and Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (Q.T.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Gastroenterology (L.Z.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China; Medical College of Qingdao University (C.Y.), Qingdao 266020, People's Republic of China; Department of Cancer Biology (S.A.K.), Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Pathology (J.Z.), Harvard Medical School, and Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Department of Biomedical Research (D.J.C.), Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048.
authors.forename: Liangru
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutrition Research Center (L.Z., P.X., X.C., Y.Y., A.O.H., Y.Xi., K.S., X.Y., F.Z., H.D., C.W., C.Y., M.F., Y.Xu), Department of Pediatrics; Diabetes Research Center (P.S., L.C.), Department of Medicine; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (L.C., Y.Xu), Baylor College of Medicine, and Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (Q.T.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Gastroenterology (L.Z.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China; Medical College of Qingdao University (C.Y.), Qingdao 266020, People's Republic of China; Department of Cancer Biology (S.A.K.), Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Pathology (J.Z.), Harvard Medical School, and Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Department of Biomedical Research (D.J.C.), Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048.
authors.forename: Pingwen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutrition Research Center (L.Z., P.X., X.C., Y.Y., A.O.H., Y.Xi., K.S., X.Y., F.Z., H.D., C.W., C.Y., M.F., Y.Xu), Department of Pediatrics; Diabetes Research Center (P.S., L.C.), Department of Medicine; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (L.C., Y.Xu), Baylor College of Medicine, and Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (Q.T.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Gastroenterology (L.Z.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China; Medical College of Qingdao University (C.Y.), Qingdao 266020, People's Republic of China; Department of Cancer Biology (S.A.K.), Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Pathology (J.Z.), Harvard Medical School, and Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Department of Biomedical Research (D.J.C.), Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048.
authors.forename: Xuehong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutrition Research Center (L.Z., P.X., X.C., Y.Y., A.O.H., Y.Xi., K.S., X.Y., F.Z., H.D., C.W., C.Y., M.F., Y.Xu), Department of Pediatrics; Diabetes Research Center (P.S., L.C.), Department of Medicine; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (L.C., Y.Xu), Baylor College of Medicine, and Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (Q.T.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Gastroenterology (L.Z.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China; Medical College of Qingdao University (C.Y.), Qingdao 266020, People's Republic of China; Department of Cancer Biology (S.A.K.), Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Pathology (J.Z.), Harvard Medical School, and Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Department of Biomedical Research (D.J.C.), Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048.
authors.forename: Yongjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutrition Research Center (L.Z., P.X., X.C., Y.Y., A.O.H., Y.Xi., K.S., X.Y., F.Z., H.D., C.W., C.Y., M.F., Y.Xu), Department of Pediatrics; Diabetes Research Center (P.S., L.C.), Department of Medicine; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (L.C., Y.Xu), Baylor College of Medicine, and Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (Q.T.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Gastroenterology (L.Z.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China; Medical College of Qingdao University (C.Y.), Qingdao 266020, People's Republic of China; Department of Cancer Biology (S.A.K.), Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Pathology (J.Z.), Harvard Medical School, and Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Department of Biomedical Research (D.J.C.), Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048.
authors.forename: Antentor Othrell
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Hinton
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutrition Research Center (L.Z., P.X., X.C., Y.Y., A.O.H., Y.Xi., K.S., X.Y., F.Z., H.D., C.W., C.Y., M.F., Y.Xu), Department of Pediatrics; Diabetes Research Center (P.S., L.C.), Department of Medicine; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (L.C., Y.Xu), Baylor College of Medicine, and Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (Q.T.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Gastroenterology (L.Z.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China; Medical College of Qingdao University (C.Y.), Qingdao 266020, People's Republic of China; Department of Cancer Biology (S.A.K.), Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Pathology (J.Z.), Harvard Medical School, and Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Department of Biomedical Research (D.J.C.), Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutrition Research Center (L.Z., P.X., X.C., Y.Y., A.O.H., Y.Xi., K.S., X.Y., F.Z., H.D., C.W., C.Y., M.F., Y.Xu), Department of Pediatrics; Diabetes Research Center (P.S., L.C.), Department of Medicine; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (L.C., Y.Xu), Baylor College of Medicine, and Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (Q.T.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Gastroenterology (L.Z.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China; Medical College of Qingdao University (C.Y.), Qingdao 266020, People's Republic of China; Department of Cancer Biology (S.A.K.), Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Pathology (J.Z.), Harvard Medical School, and Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Department of Biomedical Research (D.J.C.), Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutrition Research Center (L.Z., P.X., X.C., Y.Y., A.O.H., Y.Xi., K.S., X.Y., F.Z., H.D., C.W., C.Y., M.F., Y.Xu), Department of Pediatrics; Diabetes Research Center (P.S., L.C.), Department of Medicine; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (L.C., Y.Xu), Baylor College of Medicine, and Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (Q.T.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Gastroenterology (L.Z.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China; Medical College of Qingdao University (C.Y.), Qingdao 266020, People's Republic of China; Department of Cancer Biology (S.A.K.), Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Pathology (J.Z.), Harvard Medical School, and Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Department of Biomedical Research (D.J.C.), Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutrition Research Center (L.Z., P.X., X.C., Y.Y., A.O.H., Y.Xi., K.S., X.Y., F.Z., H.D., C.W., C.Y., M.F., Y.Xu), Department of Pediatrics; Diabetes Research Center (P.S., L.C.), Department of Medicine; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (L.C., Y.Xu), Baylor College of Medicine, and Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (Q.T.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Gastroenterology (L.Z.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China; Medical College of Qingdao University (C.Y.), Qingdao 266020, People's Republic of China; Department of Cancer Biology (S.A.K.), Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Pathology (J.Z.), Harvard Medical School, and Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Department of Biomedical Research (D.J.C.), Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutrition Research Center (L.Z., P.X., X.C., Y.Y., A.O.H., Y.Xi., K.S., X.Y., F.Z., H.D., C.W., C.Y., M.F., Y.Xu), Department of Pediatrics; Diabetes Research Center (P.S., L.C.), Department of Medicine; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (L.C., Y.Xu), Baylor College of Medicine, and Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (Q.T.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Gastroenterology (L.Z.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China; Medical College of Qingdao University (C.Y.), Qingdao 266020, People's Republic of China; Department of Cancer Biology (S.A.K.), Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Pathology (J.Z.), Harvard Medical School, and Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Department of Biomedical Research (D.J.C.), Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048.
authors.forename: Hongfang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutrition Research Center (L.Z., P.X., X.C., Y.Y., A.O.H., Y.Xi., K.S., X.Y., F.Z., H.D., C.W., C.Y., M.F., Y.Xu), Department of Pediatrics; Diabetes Research Center (P.S., L.C.), Department of Medicine; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (L.C., Y.Xu), Baylor College of Medicine, and Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (Q.T.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Gastroenterology (L.Z.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China; Medical College of Qingdao University (C.Y.), Qingdao 266020, People's Republic of China; Department of Cancer Biology (S.A.K.), Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Pathology (J.Z.), Harvard Medical School, and Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Department of Biomedical Research (D.J.C.), Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048.
authors.forename: Chunmei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutrition Research Center (L.Z., P.X., X.C., Y.Y., A.O.H., Y.Xi., K.S., X.Y., F.Z., H.D., C.W., C.Y., M.F., Y.Xu), Department of Pediatrics; Diabetes Research Center (P.S., L.C.), Department of Medicine; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (L.C., Y.Xu), Baylor College of Medicine, and Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (Q.T.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Gastroenterology (L.Z.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China; Medical College of Qingdao University (C.Y.), Qingdao 266020, People's Republic of China; Department of Cancer Biology (S.A.K.), Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Pathology (J.Z.), Harvard Medical School, and Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Department of Biomedical Research (D.J.C.), Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048.
authors.forename: Chunling
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutrition Research Center (L.Z., P.X., X.C., Y.Y., A.O.H., Y.Xi., K.S., X.Y., F.Z., H.D., C.W., C.Y., M.F., Y.Xu), Department of Pediatrics; Diabetes Research Center (P.S., L.C.), Department of Medicine; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (L.C., Y.Xu), Baylor College of Medicine, and Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (Q.T.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Gastroenterology (L.Z.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China; Medical College of Qingdao University (C.Y.), Qingdao 266020, People's Republic of China; Department of Cancer Biology (S.A.K.), Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Pathology (J.Z.), Harvard Medical School, and Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Department of Biomedical Research (D.J.C.), Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048.
authors.forename: Pradip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutrition Research Center (L.Z., P.X., X.C., Y.Y., A.O.H., Y.Xi., K.S., X.Y., F.Z., H.D., C.W., C.Y., M.F., Y.Xu), Department of Pediatrics; Diabetes Research Center (P.S., L.C.), Department of Medicine; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (L.C., Y.Xu), Baylor College of Medicine, and Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (Q.T.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Gastroenterology (L.Z.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China; Medical College of Qingdao University (C.Y.), Qingdao 266020, People's Republic of China; Department of Cancer Biology (S.A.K.), Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Pathology (J.Z.), Harvard Medical School, and Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Department of Biomedical Research (D.J.C.), Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048.
authors.forename: Sohaib A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutrition Research Center (L.Z., P.X., X.C., Y.Y., A.O.H., Y.Xi., K.S., X.Y., F.Z., H.D., C.W., C.Y., M.F., Y.Xu), Department of Pediatrics; Diabetes Research Center (P.S., L.C.), Department of Medicine; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (L.C., Y.Xu), Baylor College of Medicine, and Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (Q.T.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Gastroenterology (L.Z.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China; Medical College of Qingdao University (C.Y.), Qingdao 266020, People's Republic of China; Department of Cancer Biology (S.A.K.), Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Pathology (J.Z.), Harvard Medical School, and Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Department of Biomedical Research (D.J.C.), Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutrition Research Center (L.Z., P.X., X.C., Y.Y., A.O.H., Y.Xi., K.S., X.Y., F.Z., H.D., C.W., C.Y., M.F., Y.Xu), Department of Pediatrics; Diabetes Research Center (P.S., L.C.), Department of Medicine; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (L.C., Y.Xu), Baylor College of Medicine, and Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (Q.T.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Gastroenterology (L.Z.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China; Medical College of Qingdao University (C.Y.), Qingdao 266020, People's Republic of China; Department of Cancer Biology (S.A.K.), Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Pathology (J.Z.), Harvard Medical School, and Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Department of Biomedical Research (D.J.C.), Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutrition Research Center (L.Z., P.X., X.C., Y.Y., A.O.H., Y.Xi., K.S., X.Y., F.Z., H.D., C.W., C.Y., M.F., Y.Xu), Department of Pediatrics; Diabetes Research Center (P.S., L.C.), Department of Medicine; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (L.C., Y.Xu), Baylor College of Medicine, and Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (Q.T.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Gastroenterology (L.Z.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China; Medical College of Qingdao University (C.Y.), Qingdao 266020, People's Republic of China; Department of Cancer Biology (S.A.K.), Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Pathology (J.Z.), Harvard Medical School, and Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Department of Biomedical Research (D.J.C.), Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048.
authors.forename: Qingchun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutrition Research Center (L.Z., P.X., X.C., Y.Y., A.O.H., Y.Xi., K.S., X.Y., F.Z., H.D., C.W., C.Y., M.F., Y.Xu), Department of Pediatrics; Diabetes Research Center (P.S., L.C.), Department of Medicine; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (L.C., Y.Xu), Baylor College of Medicine, and Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (Q.T.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Gastroenterology (L.Z.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China; Medical College of Qingdao University (C.Y.), Qingdao 266020, People's Republic of China; Department of Cancer Biology (S.A.K.), Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Pathology (J.Z.), Harvard Medical School, and Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Department of Biomedical Research (D.J.C.), Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048.
authors.forename: Deborah J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Clegg
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutrition Research Center (L.Z., P.X., X.C., Y.Y., A.O.H., Y.Xi., K.S., X.Y., F.Z., H.D., C.W., C.Y., M.F., Y.Xu), Department of Pediatrics; Diabetes Research Center (P.S., L.C.), Department of Medicine; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (L.C., Y.Xu), Baylor College of Medicine, and Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (Q.T.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Gastroenterology (L.Z.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China; Medical College of Qingdao University (C.Y.), Qingdao 266020, People's Republic of China; Department of Cancer Biology (S.A.K.), Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Pathology (J.Z.), Harvard Medical School, and Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Department of Biomedical Research (D.J.C.), Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048.
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutrition Research Center (L.Z., P.X., X.C., Y.Y., A.O.H., Y.Xi., K.S., X.Y., F.Z., H.D., C.W., C.Y., M.F., Y.Xu), Department of Pediatrics; Diabetes Research Center (P.S., L.C.), Department of Medicine; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (L.C., Y.Xu), Baylor College of Medicine, and Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (Q.T.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Gastroenterology (L.Z.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China; Medical College of Qingdao University (C.Y.), Qingdao 266020, People's Republic of China; Department of Cancer Biology (S.A.K.), Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Pathology (J.Z.), Harvard Medical School, and Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Department of Biomedical Research (D.J.C.), Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D058539:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin / Q000378:metabolism*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D004967:Estrogens; D010636:Phenols; D011720:Pyrazoles; C486184:4,4',4''-(4-propyl-((1)H)-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl) tris-phenol; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin; D058539:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; D005947:Glucose