title: Mutagenic and Estrogenic Effects of Organic Compounds in Water Treated by Different Processes: A Pilot Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, a pilot-scale investigation was conducted to examine and compare the biotoxicity of the organic compounds in effluents from five treatment processes (P1-P5) where each process was combination of preoxidation (O3), coagulation, sedimentation, sand filtration, ozonation, granular activated carbon, biological activated carbon and chlorination (NaClO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Organic compounds were extracted by XAD-2 resins and eluted with acetone and dichlormethane (DCM). The eluents were evaporated and redissolved with DMSO or DCM. The mutagenicity and estrogenicity of the extracts were assayed with the Ames test and yeast estrogen screen (YES assay), respectively. The organic compounds were detected by GC-MS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that the mutation ratio (MR) of organic compounds in source water was higher than that for treated water. GC-MS showed that more than 48 organic compounds were identified in all samples and that treated water had significantly fewer types and concentrations of organic compounds than source water.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To different extents, all water treatment processes could reduce both the mutagenicity and estrogenicity, relative to source water. P2, P3, and P5 reduced mutagenicity more effectively, while P1 reduced estrogenicity, most effectively. Water treatment processes in this pilot plant had weak abilities to remove Di-n-butyl phthalate or 1, 2-Benzene dicarboxylic acid.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong Science and Technology University, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong Science and Technology University, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Xue Min
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Lyu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong Science and Technology University, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: San Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong Science and Technology University, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Xiao Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong Science and Technology University, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Ya Zhou
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong Science and Technology University, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D004967:Estrogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000633:toxicity*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D009153:Mutagens; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Ames test; GC-MS; Organic compounds; Water treatment processes; Yeast estrogen screen (YES assay)