title: A simple sample pretreatment method for multi-mycotoxin determination in eggs by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: In this study, a reliable and fast method using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction procedure without any clean-up step was developed for simultaneous extraction of 15 mycotoxins, i.e., aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2, aflatoxin M1, aflatoxin M2, deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, de-epoxy-DON, zearalenone, α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol, α-zearalanol, and β-zearalanol, from eggs. High-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to separate and detect all of the analytes. Electrospray ionization at both negative and positive modes and multiple reaction-monitoring mode were applied to detect these analytes. The main factors, such as extraction time, extraction solvent, evaporation temperature, and pH of the solvent, were carefully optimized to improve the extraction efficiency. The coefficients of determination of the calibration curves ranged from 0.9884 to 0.9998. The recoveries of most of the analytes were between 71.3% and 105.4% at three concentration levels, except for AFB1 that showed recovery rates of not more than 67.5% in all concentrations. The repeatability and intra-lab reproducibility of this method were both lower than 15% and 25%, respectively. The limit of quantification ranged from 0.2 μg/kg to 5 μg/kg. The matrix effect was evaluated and reduced by the use of matrix-matched calibration curves. The validated method was applied in a pilot study to analyze mycotoxin contamination in 12 eggs, and trace amounts of deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin G2, zearalenone and β-zearalenol were detected in these samples.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China; School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, PR China.
authors.forename: Runyue
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China; Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai 201403, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai 201403, PR China.
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai 201403, PR China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai 201403, PR China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 294 Taiyuan Road, Shanghai 200031, PR China.
authors.forename: Aibo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China. Electronic address: yanliping@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China; Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai 201403, PR China. Electronic address: suquan.song@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Suquan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins
keywords: Egg; Extraction; LC–MS/MS; Mycotoxins; QuEChERS