title: [Narrow band imaging-assisted cystoscopy in bladder tumor follow-up: Can more tumors be identified?].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Narrow band imaging (NBI) is a new technique of urethrocystoscopy, in which only certain wavelengths [415 (blue) and 540 nm (green)] are used to detect urothelial carcinoma. The aim of the investigation was to analyze the potential benefit of NBI in the follow-up of patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between August 2013 and July 2014, patients with a history of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, presenting for follow-up cystoscopy, were either examined via flexible white light endoscopy (WLE) plus second look WLE (n = 251, controls) or second look NBI cystoscopy alone (n = 251) in the same session.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rates of recurrences were similar in the two groups [NBI 68 (27.1 %); WLE 70 (27.9 %)]. NBI after WLE identified more tumors in 13 patients (5.69 vs. 3.92). In 8 patients NBI showed no vascularization in suspicious areas. In the control arm, in 8 cases more tumors (3.75 vs. 3.13) were identified in the second WLE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The additional use of NBI in the follow-up cystoscopy of patients after transurethral resection of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer leads to an increased number of detected tumors; however, a part of the additionally detected tumors can be explained by the double examination. NBI appears to provide information in individual cases whether transurethral resection of bladder tumor is necessary.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Uroonkologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Deutschland. lucas.hirner@uk-essen.de.|Praxisklinik Urologie Rhein-Ruhr, Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Deutschland. lucas.hirner@uk-essen.de.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hirner
authors.affiliation: Praxisklinik Urologie Rhein-Ruhr, Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Deutschland.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stagge
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Uroonkologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Deutschland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rübben
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Uroonkologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Deutschland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schenck
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Uroonkologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Deutschland.|Praxisklinik Urologie Rhein-Ruhr, Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Deutschland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eisenhardt
mesh_terms: D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008029:Lighting / Q000379:methods*; D062048:Narrow Band Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Carcinoma, invasive nonmuscle; Tumor detection rate; Urethrocystoscopy; Vascularization; White light cystoscopy