title: Effect of Rebamipide on the Premalignant Progression of Chronic Gastritis: A Randomized Controlled Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic gastritis frequently progresses into precancerous intestinal metaplasia and intraepithelial neoplasia lesions. Rebamipide is a free radical scavenger and we assessed its efficacy on clinical symptoms, gastric mucosal lesions, pathologic grade, and immunohistochemistry in chronic gastritis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  178 eligible patients were randomized into treatment and control groups. Both groups followed an optimized lifestyle for 26 weeks, but the treatment group was additionally medicated with rebamipide 0.1 g three times per day. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed in all patients to evaluate the severity of gastritis by the Modified Lanza Scoring (MLS) and histological changes were evaluated by the Updated Sydney System Score (USSS). Gastric mucosa immunohistochemistry in the treatment group was performed using the intestinal metaplasia markers caudal type homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) and trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) detection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant outcome differences between the treatment and control groups regarding the clinical symptom scores (2.62 ± 1.86 vs. 1.55 ± 1.61, P = 0.0001), gastric mucosal lesion scores (0.57 ± 1.05 vs. 0.16 ± 0.90, P = 0.002), and inflammation (P < 0.05). Only in the treated patients were the rates of intestinal metaplasia (P = 0.017 vs. P = 0.123) and low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (P = 0.005 vs. P = 0.226) significantly reduced after 26 weeks. The percentages of CDX2 (31.5 vs. 15.7%, P = 0.021) and TFF3 (44.9 vs. 25.8%, P = 0.012) expressing gastric mucosa cells were significantly lower after rebamipide medication than pre-treatment values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rebamipide improved the clinical symptoms, gastric mucosal lesions, and pathological grades of chronic gastritis patients and decreased the expression rates of CDX2 and TFF3 in gastric cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China.|Department of Gastroenterology, Shengli Oil Field Central Hospital, No. 31 Jinan road, Dongying, 257034, China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China. jiangkuiBM052615@163.com.
authors.forename: Kui
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China. gi.tmuh@sohu.com.
authors.forename: Bangmao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000071616:CDX2 Transcription Factor; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005756:Gastritis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008679:Metaplasia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D015363:Quinolones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D000071165:Trefoil Factor-3
chemical_list: D000071616:CDX2 Transcription Factor; C491270:CDX2 protein, human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D015363:Quinolones; C082495:TFF3 protein, human; D000071165:Trefoil Factor-3; C052785:rebamipide; D000409:Alanine