title: Differential amniotic fluid cytokine profile in women with chorioamnionitis with and without funisitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether the amniotic fluid (AF) cytokine profile in women with chorioamnionitis may differentiate between those with and without funisitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty women at high risk of chorioamnionitis were studied. Gestational age at study was 26.94. Amniocentesis, universal and specific polymerase chain reaction, and microbiological cultures were performed. AF IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL 8, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and MMP-8 were measured by multiplex assay. After delivery, the placenta and umbilical cord were studied histologically. Comparisons were made between three groups: controls, and chorioamnionitis with and without funisitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 25 cases, the histological findings were normal (61.5%). The remaining 15 composed of 9 cases of chorioamnionitis alone (9/40; 23.1%) and 6 cases of chorioamnionitis plus funisitis (6/40; 15.4%). All AF cytokine levels were significantly higher in the cases with chorioamnionitis in comparison to controls, except for IFN-gamma. The comparisons between the three groups showed significant differences between chorioamnionitis alone and chorioamnionitis plus funisitis in IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-8, and TNF-alpha, with the levels being higher when funisitis was present. Logistic regression found a powerful predictive model for funisitis including the following cytokinesIL-4, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-8.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurements of AF interleukins 4, 10, 12, and 8 allow to identify cases with funisitisin women at high risk of chorioamnionitis.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Maternal and Foetal Medicine , University Hospital La Paz , Madrid , Spain .
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Revello
authors.affiliation: b Department of Clinical Chemistry , University Hospital La Paz , Madrid , Spain .
authors.forename: Maria Jose
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Alcaide
authors.affiliation: c CEMBIO (Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis), Universidad San Pablo CEU University, Pharmacy Faculty , Madrid , Spain , and.|d Department of Pharmacology , Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok , Poland.
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dudzik
authors.affiliation: a Division of Maternal and Foetal Medicine , University Hospital La Paz , Madrid , Spain .
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Abehsera
authors.affiliation: a Division of Maternal and Foetal Medicine , University Hospital La Paz , Madrid , Spain .
authors.forename: Jose L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bartha
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000649:Amniocentesis; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Chorioamnionitis; cytokines; funisitis; inflammation