title: Mechano-stimulated modifications in the chloroplast antioxidant system and proteome changes are associated with cold response in wheat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mechanical wounding can cause morphological and developmental changes in plants, which may affect the responses to abiotic stresses. However, the mechano-stimulation triggered regulation network remains elusive. Here, the mechano-stimulation was applied at two different times during the growth period of wheat before exposing the plants to cold stress (5.6 °C lower temperature than the ambient temperature, viz., 5.0 °C) at the jointing stage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that mechano-stimulation at the Zadoks growth stage 26 activated the antioxidant system, and substantially, maintained the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species. In turn, the stimulation improved the electron transport and photosynthetic rate of wheat plants exposed to cold stress at the jointing stage. Proteomic and transcriptional analyses revealed that the oxidative stress defense, ATP synthesis, and photosynthesis-related proteins and genes were similarly modulated by mechano-stimulation and the cold stress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that mechano-stimulated modifications of the chloroplast antioxidant system and proteome changes are related to cold tolerance in wheat. The findings might provide deeper insights into roles of reactive oxygen species in mechano-stimulated cold tolerance of photosynthetic apparatus, and be helpful to explore novel approaches to mitigate the impacts of low temperature occurring at critical developmental stages.
authors.affiliation: National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. xili@plen.ku.dk.|Faculty of Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 13, DK-2630, Taastrup, Denmark. xili@plen.ku.dk.
authors.forename: Xiangnan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. 429382882@qq.com.
authors.forename: Chenglong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. kayozhong@163.com.
authors.forename: Jianwen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 13, DK-2630, Taastrup, Denmark. fl@plen.ku.dk.
authors.forename: Fulai
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. caijian@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. xiaowang@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. qinzhou@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. tingbod@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Tingbo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. caow@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Weixing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. jiangd@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D060365:Chloroplast Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D060365:Chloroplast Proteins; D020543:Proteome