title: Impact of Soft Tissue Heterogeneity on Augmented Reality for Liver Surgery.
abstract: This paper presents a method for real-time augmented reality of internal liver structures during minimally invasive hepatic surgery. Vessels and tumors computed from pre-operative CT scans can be overlaid onto the laparoscopic view for surgery guidance. Compared to current methods, our method is able to locate the in-depth positions of the tumors based on partial three-dimensional liver tissue motion using a real-time biomechanical model. This model permits to properly handle the motion of internal structures even in the case of anisotropic or heterogeneous tissues, as it is the case for the liver and many anatomical structures. Experimentations conducted on phantom liver permits to measure the accuracy of the augmentation while real-time augmentation on in vivo human liver during real surgery shows the benefits of such an approach for minimally invasive surgery.
authors.forename: Nazim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haouchine
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cotin
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Peterlik
authors.forename: Jeremie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dequidt
authors.forename: Mario Sanz
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Erwan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kerrien
authors.forename: Marie-Odile
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Berger
mesh_terms: D003196:Computer Graphics; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000601:surgery*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000193:education*; D014584:User-Computer Interface