title: Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: Epidemiology and Treatment.
abstract: Recently designated as a disorder in the DSM-5, premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) presents an array of avenues for further research. PMDD's profile, characterized by cognitive-affective symptoms during the premenstruum, is unique from that of other affective disorders in its symptoms and cyclicity. Neurosteroids may be a key contributor to PMDD's clinical presentation and etiology, and represent a potential avenue for drug development. This review will present recent literature on potential contributors to PMDD's pathophysiology, including neurosteroids and stress, and explore potential treatment targets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Penn Center for Women's Behavioral Wellness, 3535 Market Street, 3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. liisaha2@mail.med.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Liisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hantsoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Penn Center for Women's Behavioral Wellness, 3535 Market Street, 3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. cepp@mail.med.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: C Neill
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Epperson
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D065446:Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
keywords: GABA; Menstrual cycle; PMDD; PMS; Premenstrual