title: Prevalence and Characterization of Monophasic Salmonella Serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- of Food Origin in China.
abstract: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- is a monophasic variant of Salmonella Typhimurium, which has recently been recognized as an emerging cause of infection worldwide. This bacterium has also ranked among the four most frequent serovars causing human salmonellosis in China. However, there are no reports on its contamination in Chinese food. Serotyping, polymerase chain reaction, antibiotic resistance, virulotyping, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) assays were used to investigate the prevalence of this serological variant in food products in China, and to determine phenotypic and genotypic difference of monophasic isolates and Salmonella Typhimurium isolated over the same period. Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:- was prevalent in various food sources, including beef, pork, chicken, and pigeon. The study also confirmed the high prevalence (53.8%) of resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline in Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:-, which was higher than that in Salmonella Typhimurium. Moreover, Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:- isolates in our study were different from Salmonella Typhimurium isolates by the absence of three plasmid-borne genes (spvC, pefA, and rck) and the presence of gipA in all isolates. All Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:- isolates demonstrated MLST pattern ST34. Genomic deletions within the fljBA operon and surrounding genes were only found in Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:- isolates, with all isolates containing a deletion of fljB. However, hin and iroB were identified in all Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:- isolates. Three different deletion profiles were observed and two of them were different from the reported Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:- clones from Spain, America, and Italy, which provided some new evidence on the independent evolution of the multiple successful monophasic clones from Salmonella Typhimurium ancestors. This study is the first report of Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:- in food products from China. The data are more comprehensive and representative, providing valuable information for epidemiological studies, risk management, and public health strategies.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qingping
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jumei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jiahui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Weipeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shuzhen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005516:Food Microbiology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D012478:Salmonella Food Poisoning; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D065288:Serogroup; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents