title: An evaluation of dilute acid and ammonia fiber explosion pretreatment for cellulosic ethanol production.
abstract: The challenge associated with cellulosic ethanol production is maximizing sugar yield at low cost. Current research is being focused to develop a pretreatment method to overcome biomass recalcitrance in an efficient way. This review is focused on two major pretreatments: dilute acid (DA) and ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) pretreatment of corn stover and how these pretreatment cause morphological and chemical changes to corn stover in order to overcome the biomass recalcitrance. This review highlights the key differences of these two pretreatments based on compositional analysis, cellulose and its crystallinity, morphological changes, structural changes to lignin, enzymatic reactivity and enzyme adsorption onto pretreated solids and finally cellulosic ethanol production from the hydrolysate of DA and AFEX treated corn stover. Each stage of the process, AFEX pretreated corn stover was superior to DA treated corn stover.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biofuels, Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR), Trivandrum 695019, India.
authors.forename: Anil Kuruvilla
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biofuels, Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR), Trivandrum 695019, India.
authors.forename: Binod
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Parameshwaran
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biofuels, Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR), Trivandrum 695019, India.
authors.forename: Rajeev Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sukumaran
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biofuels, Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR), Trivandrum 695019, India.
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pandey
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000737:chemistry*; D018533:Biomass; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D000641:Ammonia; D002482:Cellulose; D008031:Lignin
keywords: Ammonia fiber explosion; Corn stover; Dilute acid; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Pretreatment