title: Effect of Increased Intensity of Physiotherapy on Patient Outcomes After Stroke: An Evidence-Based Analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  After stroke, impairment of the upper and lower limb can limit patients' motor function and ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL). Physiotherapy (PT) is an established clinical practice for stroke patients, playing an important role in improving limb function. Recently, several randomized trials have evaluated the effect of higher-intensity physiotherapy (increased duration and/or frequency) on patients' functional ability.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective is to investigate whether an increased intensity of PT after stroke results in better outcomes for patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was performed on June 7, 2013, for English-language randomized controlled trials published from January 1, 2003, to June 7, 2013. Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid Embase, EBSCO Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and EBM Reviews were searched.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the full text of articles that compared 2 or more levels of PT intensity. Outcomes of interest included motor function, ADL, and quality of life (QOL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  High-quality evidence showed that higher-intensity upper-limb PT and higher-intensity lower-limb PT both resulted in significantly greater improvements in motor function. Moderate-quality evidence showed that higher-intensity general PT did not. Moderate-quality evidence showed a significant improvement in ADL performance with higher-intensity upper-limb PT, but no improvement with higher-intensity general PT; no studies reported on ADL outcomes on lower-limb PT specifically. According to moderate-quality evidence, patient QOL did not change significantly after increased intensity of upper-limb, lower-limb, or general PT. When considering the results, one difference should be noted: Compared with the studies examining upper- and lower-limb PT, the studies examining general PT looked at a smaller increase-2 hours or less of additional therapy per week.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This analysis is limited to the earlier post-stroke phase and is not equipped to comment on expected outcomes of later-stage PT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, this analysis found support for the use of more intensive PT to improve motor function and ability to perform ADL after stroke.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sehatzadeh
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000502:physiology*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011788:Quality of Life; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000502:physiology*