title: Multiple Factors Related to the Secretion of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1.
abstract: The glucagon-like peptide-1 is secreted by intestinal L cells in response to nutrient ingestion. It regulates the secretion and sensitivity of insulin while suppressing glucagon secretion and decreasing postprandial glucose levels. It also improves beta-cell proliferation and prevents beta-cell apoptosis induced by cytotoxic agents. Additionally, glucagon-like peptide-1 delays gastric emptying and suppresses appetite. The impaired secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 has negative influence on diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance related diseases. Thus, glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors) are now well accepted in the management of type 2 diabetes. The levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 are influenced by multiple factors including a variety of nutrients. The component of a meal acts as potent stimulants of glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion. The levels of its secretion change with the intake of different nutrients. Some drugs also have influence on GLP-1 secretion. Bariatric surgery may improve metabolism through the action on GLP-1 levels. In recent years, there has been a great interest in developing effective methods to regulate glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion. This review summarizes the literature on glucagon-like peptide-1 and related factors affecting its levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: XingChun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhenjiang First People's Hospital, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China ; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
authors.forename: Jiaqi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China ; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China ; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
authors.forename: Shen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qu