title: [Effect of zirconia abutment angulation on stress distribution in the abutment and the bone around implant: a finite element study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of three different zirconia angular abutments on the stress distribution in bone and abutment using three-dimensional finite element analysis, and provide instruction for clinical application.
  
  
  METHODS
  Finite element analysis (FEA) was applied to analyze the stress distribution of three different zirconia/titanium angular abutments and bone around implant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximum Von Minses stress that existed in abutment, bolt and bone of the angular abutment model was significantly higher than that existed in the straight abutment model. The maximum Von Minses stress that existed in abutment, bolt and bone of the 20 ° angular abutment model was significantly higher than that existed in 15 ° angular abutment model. There was no significant difference between zirconia abutment model and titanium abutment model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The abutment angulation has a significant influence on the stress distribution in the abutment, bolt and bone, and exacerbates as the angulation increases, which suggest that we should take more attention to the implant orientation and use straight abutment or little angular abutment. The zirconia abutment can be used safely, and there is no noticeable difference between zirconia abutment and titanium abutment on stress distribution.
authors.affiliation: Hangzhou Stomatological Hospital. Hangzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province; Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China. E-mail:15167134818@163.com.
authors.forename: Yan-zhong
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiao-hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Yan-min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process; D000044:Dental Abutments; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008437:Maxilla; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014025:Titanium; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015040:Zirconium; D014025:Titanium; C028541:zirconium oxide