title: Nasal bacterial colonization in cases of idiopathic epistaxis in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role of nasal bacterial colonization in cases of idiopathic epistaxis in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive, hospital based, observational study in our hospital was conducted on total 112 pediatric patients in the age group 4-16 years. Group A (control): 56 patients with no epistaxis; Group B (epistaxis): 56 patients with idiopathic epistaxis. A swab for microbiological evaluation was taken from the anterior nasal cavity of each child.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A highly significant association between nasal colonization with pathological Staphylococcus aureus and idiopathic epistaxis was found. The presence of pathological S. aureus colonization in the anterior nasal cavity was also associated with statistically significant number of crusting and presence of dilated blood vessels on the anterior nasal septum of children in epistaxis group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nasal bacterial colonization with S. aureus leads to a sequence of pathological events i.e. low grade inflammation, crusting and new vessel formation. This leads to irritation in nasal cavity resulting in digital trauma and subsequently epistaxis and thus it plays an important role in causing idiopathic epistaxis in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Lady Hardinge Medical College & Associated Hospitals Shaheed Bhagat Singh Marg, New Delhi 110001, India. Electronic address: soni.kamble@ymail.com.
authors.forename: Payal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kamble
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Lady Hardinge Medical College & Associated Hospitals Shaheed Bhagat Singh MargNew Delhi 110001, India.
authors.forename: Sonal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Lady Hardinge Medical College & Associated Hospitals Shaheed Bhagat Singh Marg, New Delhi 110001, India.
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004844:Epistaxis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000098:blood supply / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000150:complications; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus
keywords: Children; Epistaxis; Idiopathic; Nasal colonization; Staphylococcus aureus