title: Cross-sectional and Test-Retest Characterization of PET with [(18)F]FP-(+)-DTBZ for β Cell Mass Estimates in Diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The vesicular monoamine transporter, type 2 (VMAT2) is expressed by insulin producing β cells and was evaluated as a biomarker of β cell mass (BCM) by positron emission tomography (PET) with [(18)F]fluoropropyl-dihydrotetrabenazine ([(18)F]FP-(+)-DTBZ).
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the feasibility of longitudinal pancreatic PET VMAT2 quantification in the pancreas in two studies of healthy controls and patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes. VMAT2 binding potential (BPND) was estimated voxelwise using a reference tissue method in a cross-sectional study, followed by assessment of reproducibility using a test-retest paradigm. Metabolic function was evaluated by stimulated c-peptide measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pancreatic BPND was significantly decreased in patients with type 1 diabetes relative to controls and the test-retest variability was 9.4%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pancreatic VMAT2 content is significantly reduced in long-term diabetes patients relative to controls and repeat scans are sufficiently reproducible to suggest the feasibility clinically VMAT2 measurements in longitudinal studies of new onset diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90404, USA.|Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Freeby
authors.affiliation: Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kringas
authors.affiliation: Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Robin S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Goland
authors.affiliation: Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Rudolph L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Leibel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and Biophysics Adriano Buzzati-Traverso, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131, Naples, Italy.|Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maffei
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine and Kreitchman PET Center, Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Chaitan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Divgi
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine and Kreitchman PET Center, Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ichise
authors.affiliation: Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA. peh1@cumc.columbia.edu.|Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA. peh1@cumc.columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D048429:Cell Size; D003710:Demography; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D013747:Tetrabenazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D050493:Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D007328:Insulin; C493452:SLC18A2 protein, human; D050493:Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins; D005947:Glucose; C549477:florbenazine F 18; D013747:Tetrabenazine
keywords: Beta cell mass; Diabetes; PET; Test-retest; VMAT2; [18F]FP-(+)-DTBZ