title: The intestinal microbiome in human disease and how it relates to arthritis and spondyloarthritis.
abstract: Humans and microbes have developed a symbiotic relationship over time, and alterations in this symbiotic relationship have been linked to several immune mediated diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes and spondyloarthropathies. Improvements in sequencing technologies, coupled with a renaissance in 16S rRNA gene based community profiling, have enabled the characterization of microbiomes throughout the body including the gut. Improved characterization and understanding of the human gut microbiome means the gut flora is progressively being explored as a target for novel therapies including probiotics and faecal microbiota transplants. These innovative therapies are increasingly used for patients with debilitating conditions where conventional treatments have failed. This review discusses the current understanding of the interplay between host genetics and the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthropathies, and how this may relate to potential therapies for these conditions.
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
authors.forename: Mary-Ellen
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.affiliation: Centre for Neurogenetics and Statistical Genomics, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Philip C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Benham
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia. Electronic address: matt.brown@uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D001168:Arthritis / Q000382:microbiology*; D064806:Dysbiosis / Q000382:microbiology; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D025241:Spondylarthritis / Q000382:microbiology*
keywords: Dysbiosis; Faecal microbiota transplant; Intestinal microbiome; Spondyloarthritis