title: Partial carbonized nanoporous resin for uptake of lead from aqueous solution.
abstract: Four partial carbonized nanoporous resins (PCNRs), based on organic xerogel compounds, were synthesised by the sol-gel method from pyrogallol and formaldehyde mixtures in water using picric acid as catalyst. The PCNRs were prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures: T(1) = 200 °C (PF-200), T(2) = 300 °C (PF-300), T(3) = 400 °C (PF-400), or T(4) = 500 °C (PF-500). The PCNRs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, and nitrogen porosimetry. The obtained results show that PF-200 is more efficient for the removal of Pb(2+) from aqueous solution than the other adsorbent prepared in this study. The characteristics of lead uptake by PF-200 were explored using well-established and effective parameters including pH, contact time, initial metal ion concentration and temperature. Optimum adsorption of Pb(2+), using PF-200, was observed at pH 4.5. The Langmuir model gave a better fit than the other models, and kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption was well fitted by the pseudo second-order kinetic model and thermodynamic properties, i.e., Gibbs free energy change, enthalpy change and entropy change, showed that adsorption of Pb(2+) onto PF-200 was endothermic, spontaneous and feasible in the temperature range of 298-328 K.
authors.affiliation: Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), College of Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and Laboratory of Physics of Materials and Nanomaterials Applied at Environment (LaPhyMNE), Faculty of Sciences, Gabes University, Tunisia E-mail: ghiloufimed@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ghiloufi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Atomic Energy Research, King Abdulaziz City for Science And Technology (KACST), 11442 PO Box 6086 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Al-Hobaib
authors.affiliation: Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), College of Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and Laboratory of Physics of Materials and Nanomaterials Applied at Environment (LaPhyMNE), Faculty of Sciences, Gabes University, Tunisia E-mail: ghiloufimed@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: El Mir
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D007700:Kinetics; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014867:Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water