title: Does the presence of autoantibodies without autoimmune diseases and hereditary thrombophilia have an effect on recurrent pregnancy loss?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether the presence of autoantibodies has any effect on recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and obstetric complications in women who do not have autoimmune diseases and hereditary thrombophilia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospectively, 515 patients who underwent antibody investigation with anti-nuclear antibody, extractable nuclear antigen, anti-double stranded DNA, anti-parietal cell, anti-smooth muscle, anti-mitochondrial (AMA), anti-thyroid peroxidase, anti-thyroglobulin (anti-TG) and anti-phospholipid (aPL) at Hacettepe University were included. Of those patients, 212 had one or more autoantibodies whereas the remaining 303 were negative for all autoantibodies. RPL was the primary outcome and was defined as ≥2 pregnancy losses (n = 119).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of RPL was significantly higher in the autoantibody positive group than controls (28.3% versus 14.5%, p<0.001). Anti-TG (21.2% versus 7.8%, p < 0.001), aPL (18.3% versus 5.6%, p < 0.001) and AMA (4.8% versus 0.5%, p = 0.001) antibodies were more common in patients with RPL. For the view of obstetric complications, oligohydramniosis (3.8% versus 0.7%, p = 0.03) and stillbirth (17.0% versus 10.6%, p = 0.002) were significantly higher in the autoantibody-positive group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even in women without autoimmune disease or hereditary thrombophilia, autoantibodies per se might directly increase the risk of RPL and obstetric complications. The screening anti-TG and aPL autoantibodies in the first step might be considered in patients with RPL.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey .
authors.forename: Sezcan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mumusoglu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey .
authors.forename: Mehmet Sinan
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Beksac
authors.affiliation: b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Education and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey .
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ekiz
authors.affiliation: c Department of Biostatistics , Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey , and.
authors.forename: Pinar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ozdemir
authors.affiliation: d Department of Clinical Microbiology , Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Gulsen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hascelik
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000097:blood*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016104:Oligohydramnios / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D050497:Stillbirth / Q000453:epidemiology; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies
keywords: Autoantibodies; autoimmunity; high-risk pregnancies; miscarriages; recurrent pregnancy loss