title: Association of biparietal diameter growth rate with neurodevelopment in infants with fetal growth restriction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between neurodevelopmental complications and biparietal diameter (BPD) growth rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients were pregnant women with severe fetal growth restriction (< 5(th) percentile) before 30 weeks who delivered after 24 gestational weeks. We defined poor BPD growth as being at least 50% below the mean growth rate for at least 1 week. We analyzed maternal characteristics, neonatal complication morbidities, perinatal mortality rate, and neurodevelopmental complications in the child at age 2 years (corrected).
  
  
  RESULTS
  BPD growth was categorized as normal or poor. Out of 8254 infants, 26 met the above criteria. The poor BPD growth group included 17 infants and the normal BPD growth group included nine infants. The gestational age at delivery was 28.7 (24.7-31.7) weeks in the poor BPD growth group and 28.5 (26.1-32.4) weeks in the normal BPD growth group, showing no significant difference. However, death or neurodevelopmental complications occurred in eight of the 17 infants in the poor BPD growth group, whereas neither death nor neurodevelopmental complications were observed in the normal BPD growth group (p = 0.009). Moreover, in those with poor outcomes, BPD growth rates were consistently below 40% and birth weights were < 700 g.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BPD growth was associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes, and growth delay as compared with the mean growth rate is a risk factor for poor neurodevelopment.
authors.affiliation: Perinatal Center for Maternity and Neonate, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: Perinatal Center for Maternity and Neonate, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan. Electronic address: smyyaoki@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: Perinatal Center for Maternity and Neonate, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurasawa
authors.affiliation: Perinatal Center for Maternity and Neonate, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuneo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumiki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hirahara
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D015331:Cohort Studies; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005323:Fetal Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D010294:Parietal Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*
keywords: biparietal diameter growth; low birth weight infant; neonatal complication; neurodevelopmental complication; severe fetal growth restriction