title: Lipoprotein Particles in Adolescents and Young Women With PCOS Provide Insights Into Their Cardiovascular Risk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adult women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, but the evidence for this is controversial in adolescents and young women with PCOS. Measurement of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle number, measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a novel technology to assess cardiovascular risk.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to evaluate lipoprotein particle number and size in young women with PCOS and its relationship with insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional case control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at a clinical research center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with PCOS (n = 35) and normal controls (n = 20) participated in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples and anthropometric measures were obtained.
  
  
  METHODS
  LDL particle size and number were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A secondary outcome was to investigate the correlation of LDL particle number with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, waist to hip ratio, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and adiponectin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with PCOS had higher LDL particle number when compared with healthy controls (935 ± 412 vs 735 ± 264, P = .032); LDL particle number correlated strongly with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (r = 0.37, P = .006) and waist-to-hip (r = 0.57, P = .0003). The higher LDL particle number was driven mainly due to differences in the small LDL particle number (sLDLp), with PCOS patients having more sLDLp (348 ± 305 vs 178 ± 195, P = .015). The sLDLp correlated with the Matsuda index (r = -0.51, P = .0001), homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (r = 0.41, P = .002), and adiponectin (r = -0.46, P = .0004) but not with T.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescent and young women with PCOS have an atherogenic lipoprotein profile suggestive of increased cardiovascular risk that appears to be driven by the degree of visceral adiposity and insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (E.G., M.L., M.K., S.B., C.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Section of Clinical Laboratory Services (M.W.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (E.G.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057; Section of Lipoprotein Metabolism (R.S., A.T.R., M.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20824; Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (R.W.), National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.W.), Infants and Children's Hospital of Brooklyn at Maimonides and Children and Hospital at Downstate, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11219; and Department of Endocrinology (D.K., S.T., A.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gourgari
authors.affiliation: Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (E.G., M.L., M.K., S.B., C.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Section of Clinical Laboratory Services (M.W.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (E.G.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057; Section of Lipoprotein Metabolism (R.S., A.T.R., M.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20824; Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (R.W.), National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.W.), Infants and Children's Hospital of Brooklyn at Maimonides and Children and Hospital at Downstate, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11219; and Department of Endocrinology (D.K., S.T., A.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lodish
authors.affiliation: Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (E.G., M.L., M.K., S.B., C.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Section of Clinical Laboratory Services (M.W.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (E.G.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057; Section of Lipoprotein Metabolism (R.S., A.T.R., M.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20824; Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (R.W.), National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.W.), Infants and Children's Hospital of Brooklyn at Maimonides and Children and Hospital at Downstate, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11219; and Department of Endocrinology (D.K., S.T., A.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shamburek
authors.affiliation: Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (E.G., M.L., M.K., S.B., C.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Section of Clinical Laboratory Services (M.W.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (E.G.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057; Section of Lipoprotein Metabolism (R.S., A.T.R., M.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20824; Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (R.W.), National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.W.), Infants and Children's Hospital of Brooklyn at Maimonides and Children and Hospital at Downstate, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11219; and Department of Endocrinology (D.K., S.T., A.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
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authors.lastname: Keil
authors.affiliation: Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (E.G., M.L., M.K., S.B., C.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Section of Clinical Laboratory Services (M.W.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (E.G.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057; Section of Lipoprotein Metabolism (R.S., A.T.R., M.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20824; Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (R.W.), National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.W.), Infants and Children's Hospital of Brooklyn at Maimonides and Children and Hospital at Downstate, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11219; and Department of Endocrinology (D.K., S.T., A.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wesley
authors.affiliation: Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (E.G., M.L., M.K., S.B., C.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Section of Clinical Laboratory Services (M.W.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (E.G.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057; Section of Lipoprotein Metabolism (R.S., A.T.R., M.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20824; Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (R.W.), National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.W.), Infants and Children's Hospital of Brooklyn at Maimonides and Children and Hospital at Downstate, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11219; and Department of Endocrinology (D.K., S.T., A.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
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authors.affiliation: Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (E.G., M.L., M.K., S.B., C.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Section of Clinical Laboratory Services (M.W.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (E.G.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057; Section of Lipoprotein Metabolism (R.S., A.T.R., M.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20824; Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (R.W.), National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.W.), Infants and Children's Hospital of Brooklyn at Maimonides and Children and Hospital at Downstate, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11219; and Department of Endocrinology (D.K., S.T., A.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
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authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.affiliation: Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (E.G., M.L., M.K., S.B., C.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Section of Clinical Laboratory Services (M.W.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (E.G.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057; Section of Lipoprotein Metabolism (R.S., A.T.R., M.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20824; Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (R.W.), National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.W.), Infants and Children's Hospital of Brooklyn at Maimonides and Children and Hospital at Downstate, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11219; and Department of Endocrinology (D.K., S.T., A.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.affiliation: Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (E.G., M.L., M.K., S.B., C.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Section of Clinical Laboratory Services (M.W.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (E.G.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057; Section of Lipoprotein Metabolism (R.S., A.T.R., M.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20824; Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (R.W.), National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.W.), Infants and Children's Hospital of Brooklyn at Maimonides and Children and Hospital at Downstate, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11219; and Department of Endocrinology (D.K., S.T., A.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
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authors.initials: D
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authors.affiliation: Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (E.G., M.L., M.K., S.B., C.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Section of Clinical Laboratory Services (M.W.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (E.G.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057; Section of Lipoprotein Metabolism (R.S., A.T.R., M.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20824; Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (R.W.), National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.W.), Infants and Children's Hospital of Brooklyn at Maimonides and Children and Hospital at Downstate, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11219; and Department of Endocrinology (D.K., S.T., A.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
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authors.affiliation: Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (E.G., M.L., M.K., S.B., C.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Section of Clinical Laboratory Services (M.W.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (E.G.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057; Section of Lipoprotein Metabolism (R.S., A.T.R., M.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20824; Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (R.W.), National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.W.), Infants and Children's Hospital of Brooklyn at Maimonides and Children and Hospital at Downstate, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11219; and Department of Endocrinology (D.K., S.T., A.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
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authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ten
authors.affiliation: Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (E.G., M.L., M.K., S.B., C.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Section of Clinical Laboratory Services (M.W.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (E.G.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057; Section of Lipoprotein Metabolism (R.S., A.T.R., M.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20824; Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (R.W.), National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.W.), Infants and Children's Hospital of Brooklyn at Maimonides and Children and Hospital at Downstate, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11219; and Department of Endocrinology (D.K., S.T., A.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
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authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dobs
authors.affiliation: Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (E.G., M.L., M.K., S.B., C.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Section of Clinical Laboratory Services (M.W.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (E.G.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057; Section of Lipoprotein Metabolism (R.S., A.T.R., M.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20824; Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (R.W.), National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.W.), Infants and Children's Hospital of Brooklyn at Maimonides and Children and Hospital at Downstate, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11219; and Department of Endocrinology (D.K., S.T., A.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Remaley
authors.affiliation: Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (E.G., M.L., M.K., S.B., C.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Section of Clinical Laboratory Services (M.W.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (E.G.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057; Section of Lipoprotein Metabolism (R.S., A.T.R., M.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20824; Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (R.W.), National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.W.), Infants and Children's Hospital of Brooklyn at Maimonides and Children and Hospital at Downstate, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11219; and Department of Endocrinology (D.K., S.T., A.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
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authors.initials: CA
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mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017588:Hyperandrogenism / Q000150:complications; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D010316:Particle Size; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008074:Lipoproteins; D002097:C-Reactive Protein