title: Current State of Reporting Pain Outcomes in Cochrane Reviews of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain Conditions and Considerations for an OMERACT Research Agenda.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the current state of reporting of pain outcomes in Cochrane reviews on chronic musculoskeletal painful conditions and to elicit opinions of patients, healthcare practitioners, and methodologists on presenting pain outcomes to patients, clinicians, and policymakers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified all reviews in the Cochrane Library of chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions from Cochrane review groups (Back, Musculoskeletal, and Pain, Palliative, and Supportive Care) that contained a summary of findings (SoF) table. We extracted data on reported pain domains and instruments and conducted a survey and interviews on considerations for SoF tables (e.g., pain domains, presentation of results).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-seven SoF tables in 133 Cochrane reviews were eligible. SoF tables reported pain in 56/57, with all presenting results for pain intensity (20 different outcome instruments), pain interference in 8 SoF tables (5 different outcome instruments), and pain frequency in 1 multiple domain instrument. Other domains like pain quality or pain affect were not reported. From the survey and interviews [response rate 80% (36/45)], we derived 4 themes for a future research agenda: pain domains, considerations for assessing truth, discrimination, and feasibility; clinically important thresholds for responder analyses and presenting results; and establishing hierarchies of outcome instruments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a lack of standardization in the domains of pain selected and the manner that pain outcomes are reported in SoF tables, hampering efforts to synthesize evidence. Future research should focus on the themes identified, building partnerships to achieve consensus and develop guidance on best practices for reporting pain outcomes.
authors.affiliation: From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada; SDG LLC Cambridge, MA, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; University of Ottawa; Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Canada. lmaxwell@uottawa.ca.|L.J. Maxwell, MSc, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; L.S. Simon, MD, SDG LLC; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; S. Grosskleg, University of Ottawa; K. Scrivens, BA, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Institute for Work & Health; C.O. Bingham III, MD; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University; J.W. Busse, DC, PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University; R. Christensen, MSc, PhD, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital; N. Goel, MD, Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Patient Research Partner, Durham, NC, USA; P. Jüni, MD, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine and Clinical Trials Unit Bern, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern; U. Kaiser, Dr, rer, Nat, Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, London, ON, Canada; P.J. Mease, MD, University of Washington; R.W. Ostelo, Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; D. Sapunar, MD, PhD, Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; V. Strand, Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine; A.M. Taylor, PhD, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Senior Epidemiologist, VU University Medical Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health. lmaxwell@uottawa.ca.
authors.forename: Lara J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Maxwell
authors.affiliation: From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada; SDG LLC Cambridge, MA, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; University of Ottawa; Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Canada.|L.J. Maxwell, MSc, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; L.S. Simon, MD, SDG LLC; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; S. Grosskleg, University of Ottawa; K. Scrivens, BA, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Institute for Work & Health; C.O. Bingham III, MD; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University; J.W. Busse, DC, PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University; R. Christensen, MSc, PhD, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital; N. Goel, MD, Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Patient Research Partner, Durham, NC, USA; P. Jüni, MD, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine and Clinical Trials Unit Bern, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern; U. Kaiser, Dr, rer, Nat, Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, London, ON, Canada; P.J. Mease, MD, University of Washington; R.W. Ostelo, Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; D. Sapunar, MD, PhD, Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; V. Strand, Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine; A.M. Taylor, PhD, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Senior Epidemiologist, VU University Medical Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health.
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.affiliation: From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada; SDG LLC Cambridge, MA, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; University of Ottawa; Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Canada.|L.J. Maxwell, MSc, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; L.S. Simon, MD, SDG LLC; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; S. Grosskleg, University of Ottawa; K. Scrivens, BA, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Institute for Work & Health; C.O. Bingham III, MD; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University; J.W. Busse, DC, PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University; R. Christensen, MSc, PhD, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital; N. Goel, MD, Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Patient Research Partner, Durham, NC, USA; P. Jüni, MD, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine and Clinical Trials Unit Bern, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern; U. Kaiser, Dr, rer, Nat, Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, London, ON, Canada; P.J. Mease, MD, University of Washington; R.W. Ostelo, Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; D. Sapunar, MD, PhD, Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; V. Strand, Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine; A.M. Taylor, PhD, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Senior Epidemiologist, VU University Medical Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health.
authors.forename: Lee S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada; SDG LLC Cambridge, MA, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; University of Ottawa; Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Canada.|L.J. Maxwell, MSc, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; L.S. Simon, MD, SDG LLC; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; S. Grosskleg, University of Ottawa; K. Scrivens, BA, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Institute for Work & Health; C.O. Bingham III, MD; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University; J.W. Busse, DC, PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University; R. Christensen, MSc, PhD, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital; N. Goel, MD, Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Patient Research Partner, Durham, NC, USA; P. Jüni, MD, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine and Clinical Trials Unit Bern, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern; U. Kaiser, Dr, rer, Nat, Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, London, ON, Canada; P.J. Mease, MD, University of Washington; R.W. Ostelo, Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; D. Sapunar, MD, PhD, Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; V. Strand, Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine; A.M. Taylor, PhD, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Senior Epidemiologist, VU University Medical Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health.
authors.forename: Philip G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Conaghan
authors.affiliation: From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada; SDG LLC Cambridge, MA, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; University of Ottawa; Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Canada.|L.J. Maxwell, MSc, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; L.S. Simon, MD, SDG LLC; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; S. Grosskleg, University of Ottawa; K. Scrivens, BA, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Institute for Work & Health; C.O. Bingham III, MD; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University; J.W. Busse, DC, PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University; R. Christensen, MSc, PhD, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital; N. Goel, MD, Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Patient Research Partner, Durham, NC, USA; P. Jüni, MD, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine and Clinical Trials Unit Bern, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern; U. Kaiser, Dr, rer, Nat, Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, London, ON, Canada; P.J. Mease, MD, University of Washington; R.W. Ostelo, Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; D. Sapunar, MD, PhD, Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; V. Strand, Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine; A.M. Taylor, PhD, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Senior Epidemiologist, VU University Medical Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health.
authors.forename: Shawna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grosskleg
authors.affiliation: From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada; SDG LLC Cambridge, MA, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; University of Ottawa; Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Canada.|L.J. Maxwell, MSc, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; L.S. Simon, MD, SDG LLC; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; S. Grosskleg, University of Ottawa; K. Scrivens, BA, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Institute for Work & Health; C.O. Bingham III, MD; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University; J.W. Busse, DC, PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University; R. Christensen, MSc, PhD, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital; N. Goel, MD, Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Patient Research Partner, Durham, NC, USA; P. Jüni, MD, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine and Clinical Trials Unit Bern, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern; U. Kaiser, Dr, rer, Nat, Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, London, ON, Canada; P.J. Mease, MD, University of Washington; R.W. Ostelo, Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; D. Sapunar, MD, PhD, Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; V. Strand, Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine; A.M. Taylor, PhD, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Senior Epidemiologist, VU University Medical Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health.
authors.forename: Kerry
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Scrivens
authors.affiliation: From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada; SDG LLC Cambridge, MA, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; University of Ottawa; Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Canada.|L.J. Maxwell, MSc, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; L.S. Simon, MD, SDG LLC; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; S. Grosskleg, University of Ottawa; K. Scrivens, BA, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Institute for Work & Health; C.O. Bingham III, MD; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University; J.W. Busse, DC, PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University; R. Christensen, MSc, PhD, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital; N. Goel, MD, Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Patient Research Partner, Durham, NC, USA; P. Jüni, MD, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine and Clinical Trials Unit Bern, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern; U. Kaiser, Dr, rer, Nat, Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, London, ON, Canada; P.J. Mease, MD, University of Washington; R.W. Ostelo, Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; D. Sapunar, MD, PhD, Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; V. Strand, Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine; A.M. Taylor, PhD, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Senior Epidemiologist, VU University Medical Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health.
authors.forename: Dorcas E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Beaton
authors.affiliation: From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada; SDG LLC Cambridge, MA, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; University of Ottawa; Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Canada.|L.J. Maxwell, MSc, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; L.S. Simon, MD, SDG LLC; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; S. Grosskleg, University of Ottawa; K. Scrivens, BA, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Institute for Work & Health; C.O. Bingham III, MD; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University; J.W. Busse, DC, PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University; R. Christensen, MSc, PhD, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital; N. Goel, MD, Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Patient Research Partner, Durham, NC, USA; P. Jüni, MD, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine and Clinical Trials Unit Bern, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern; U. Kaiser, Dr, rer, Nat, Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, London, ON, Canada; P.J. Mease, MD, University of Washington; R.W. Ostelo, Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; D. Sapunar, MD, PhD, Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; V. Strand, Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine; A.M. Taylor, PhD, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Senior Epidemiologist, VU University Medical Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health.
authors.forename: Clifton O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Bingham
authors.affiliation: From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada; SDG LLC Cambridge, MA, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; University of Ottawa; Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Canada.|L.J. Maxwell, MSc, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; L.S. Simon, MD, SDG LLC; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; S. Grosskleg, University of Ottawa; K. Scrivens, BA, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Institute for Work & Health; C.O. Bingham III, MD; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University; J.W. Busse, DC, PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University; R. Christensen, MSc, PhD, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital; N. Goel, MD, Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Patient Research Partner, Durham, NC, USA; P. Jüni, MD, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine and Clinical Trials Unit Bern, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern; U. Kaiser, Dr, rer, Nat, Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, London, ON, Canada; P.J. Mease, MD, University of Washington; R.W. Ostelo, Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; D. Sapunar, MD, PhD, Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; V. Strand, Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine; A.M. Taylor, PhD, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Senior Epidemiologist, VU University Medical Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health.
authors.forename: Jason W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Busse
authors.affiliation: From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada; SDG LLC Cambridge, MA, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; University of Ottawa; Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Canada.|L.J. Maxwell, MSc, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; L.S. Simon, MD, SDG LLC; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; S. Grosskleg, University of Ottawa; K. Scrivens, BA, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Institute for Work & Health; C.O. Bingham III, MD; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University; J.W. Busse, DC, PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University; R. Christensen, MSc, PhD, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital; N. Goel, MD, Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Patient Research Partner, Durham, NC, USA; P. Jüni, MD, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine and Clinical Trials Unit Bern, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern; U. Kaiser, Dr, rer, Nat, Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, London, ON, Canada; P.J. Mease, MD, University of Washington; R.W. Ostelo, Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; D. Sapunar, MD, PhD, Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; V. Strand, Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine; A.M. Taylor, PhD, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Senior Epidemiologist, VU University Medical Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.affiliation: From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada; SDG LLC Cambridge, MA, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; University of Ottawa; Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Canada.|L.J. Maxwell, MSc, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; L.S. Simon, MD, SDG LLC; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; S. Grosskleg, University of Ottawa; K. Scrivens, BA, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Institute for Work & Health; C.O. Bingham III, MD; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University; J.W. Busse, DC, PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University; R. Christensen, MSc, PhD, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital; N. Goel, MD, Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Patient Research Partner, Durham, NC, USA; P. Jüni, MD, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine and Clinical Trials Unit Bern, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern; U. Kaiser, Dr, rer, Nat, Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, London, ON, Canada; P.J. Mease, MD, University of Washington; R.W. Ostelo, Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; D. Sapunar, MD, PhD, Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; V. Strand, Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine; A.M. Taylor, PhD, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Senior Epidemiologist, VU University Medical Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health.
authors.forename: Niti
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.affiliation: From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada; SDG LLC Cambridge, MA, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; University of Ottawa; Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Canada.|L.J. Maxwell, MSc, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; L.S. Simon, MD, SDG LLC; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; S. Grosskleg, University of Ottawa; K. Scrivens, BA, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Institute for Work & Health; C.O. Bingham III, MD; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University; J.W. Busse, DC, PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University; R. Christensen, MSc, PhD, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital; N. Goel, MD, Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Patient Research Partner, Durham, NC, USA; P. Jüni, MD, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine and Clinical Trials Unit Bern, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern; U. Kaiser, Dr, rer, Nat, Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, London, ON, Canada; P.J. Mease, MD, University of Washington; R.W. Ostelo, Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; D. Sapunar, MD, PhD, Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; V. Strand, Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine; A.M. Taylor, PhD, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Senior Epidemiologist, VU University Medical Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jüni
authors.affiliation: From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada; SDG LLC Cambridge, MA, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; University of Ottawa; Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Canada.|L.J. Maxwell, MSc, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; L.S. Simon, MD, SDG LLC; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; S. Grosskleg, University of Ottawa; K. Scrivens, BA, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Institute for Work & Health; C.O. Bingham III, MD; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University; J.W. Busse, DC, PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University; R. Christensen, MSc, PhD, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital; N. Goel, MD, Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Patient Research Partner, Durham, NC, USA; P. Jüni, MD, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine and Clinical Trials Unit Bern, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern; U. Kaiser, Dr, rer, Nat, Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, London, ON, Canada; P.J. Mease, MD, University of Washington; R.W. Ostelo, Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; D. Sapunar, MD, PhD, Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; V. Strand, Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine; A.M. Taylor, PhD, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Senior Epidemiologist, VU University Medical Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health.
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.affiliation: From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada; SDG LLC Cambridge, MA, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; University of Ottawa; Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Canada.|L.J. Maxwell, MSc, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; L.S. Simon, MD, SDG LLC; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; S. Grosskleg, University of Ottawa; K. Scrivens, BA, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Institute for Work & Health; C.O. Bingham III, MD; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University; J.W. Busse, DC, PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University; R. Christensen, MSc, PhD, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital; N. Goel, MD, Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Patient Research Partner, Durham, NC, USA; P. Jüni, MD, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine and Clinical Trials Unit Bern, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern; U. Kaiser, Dr, rer, Nat, Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, London, ON, Canada; P.J. Mease, MD, University of Washington; R.W. Ostelo, Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; D. Sapunar, MD, PhD, Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; V. Strand, Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine; A.M. Taylor, PhD, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Senior Epidemiologist, VU University Medical Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lyddiatt
authors.affiliation: From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada; SDG LLC Cambridge, MA, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; University of Ottawa; Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Canada.|L.J. Maxwell, MSc, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; L.S. Simon, MD, SDG LLC; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; S. Grosskleg, University of Ottawa; K. Scrivens, BA, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Institute for Work & Health; C.O. Bingham III, MD; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University; J.W. Busse, DC, PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University; R. Christensen, MSc, PhD, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital; N. Goel, MD, Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Patient Research Partner, Durham, NC, USA; P. Jüni, MD, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine and Clinical Trials Unit Bern, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern; U. Kaiser, Dr, rer, Nat, Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, London, ON, Canada; P.J. Mease, MD, University of Washington; R.W. Ostelo, Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; D. Sapunar, MD, PhD, Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; V. Strand, Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine; A.M. Taylor, PhD, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Senior Epidemiologist, VU University Medical Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health.
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Mease
authors.affiliation: From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada; SDG LLC Cambridge, MA, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; University of Ottawa; Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Canada.|L.J. Maxwell, MSc, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; L.S. Simon, MD, SDG LLC; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; S. Grosskleg, University of Ottawa; K. Scrivens, BA, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Institute for Work & Health; C.O. Bingham III, MD; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University; J.W. Busse, DC, PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University; R. Christensen, MSc, PhD, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital; N. Goel, MD, Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Patient Research Partner, Durham, NC, USA; P. Jüni, MD, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine and Clinical Trials Unit Bern, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern; U. Kaiser, Dr, rer, Nat, Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, London, ON, Canada; P.J. Mease, MD, University of Washington; R.W. Ostelo, Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; D. Sapunar, MD, PhD, Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; V. Strand, Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine; A.M. Taylor, PhD, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Senior Epidemiologist, VU University Medical Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health.
authors.forename: Raymond W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Ostelo
authors.affiliation: From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada; SDG LLC Cambridge, MA, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; University of Ottawa; Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Canada.|L.J. Maxwell, MSc, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; L.S. Simon, MD, SDG LLC; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; S. Grosskleg, University of Ottawa; K. Scrivens, BA, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Institute for Work & Health; C.O. Bingham III, MD; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University; J.W. Busse, DC, PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University; R. Christensen, MSc, PhD, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital; N. Goel, MD, Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Patient Research Partner, Durham, NC, USA; P. Jüni, MD, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine and Clinical Trials Unit Bern, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern; U. Kaiser, Dr, rer, Nat, Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, London, ON, Canada; P.J. Mease, MD, University of Washington; R.W. Ostelo, Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; D. Sapunar, MD, PhD, Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; V. Strand, Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine; A.M. Taylor, PhD, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Senior Epidemiologist, VU University Medical Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health.
authors.forename: Kristine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada; SDG LLC Cambridge, MA, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; University of Ottawa; Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Canada.|L.J. Maxwell, MSc, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; L.S. Simon, MD, SDG LLC; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; S. Grosskleg, University of Ottawa; K. Scrivens, BA, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Institute for Work & Health; C.O. Bingham III, MD; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University; J.W. Busse, DC, PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University; R. Christensen, MSc, PhD, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital; N. Goel, MD, Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Patient Research Partner, Durham, NC, USA; P. Jüni, MD, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine and Clinical Trials Unit Bern, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern; U. Kaiser, Dr, rer, Nat, Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, London, ON, Canada; P.J. Mease, MD, University of Washington; R.W. Ostelo, Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; D. Sapunar, MD, PhD, Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; V. Strand, Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine; A.M. Taylor, PhD, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Senior Epidemiologist, VU University Medical Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health.
authors.forename: Damir
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sapunar
authors.affiliation: From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada; SDG LLC Cambridge, MA, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; University of Ottawa; Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Canada.|L.J. Maxwell, MSc, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; L.S. Simon, MD, SDG LLC; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; S. Grosskleg, University of Ottawa; K. Scrivens, BA, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Institute for Work & Health; C.O. Bingham III, MD; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University; J.W. Busse, DC, PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University; R. Christensen, MSc, PhD, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital; N. Goel, MD, Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Patient Research Partner, Durham, NC, USA; P. Jüni, MD, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine and Clinical Trials Unit Bern, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern; U. Kaiser, Dr, rer, Nat, Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, London, ON, Canada; P.J. Mease, MD, University of Washington; R.W. Ostelo, Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; D. Sapunar, MD, PhD, Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; V. Strand, Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine; A.M. Taylor, PhD, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Senior Epidemiologist, VU University Medical Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health.
authors.forename: Jasvinder A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada; SDG LLC Cambridge, MA, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; University of Ottawa; Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Canada.|L.J. Maxwell, MSc, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; L.S. Simon, MD, SDG LLC; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; S. Grosskleg, University of Ottawa; K. Scrivens, BA, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Institute for Work & Health; C.O. Bingham III, MD; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University; J.W. Busse, DC, PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University; R. Christensen, MSc, PhD, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital; N. Goel, MD, Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Patient Research Partner, Durham, NC, USA; P. Jüni, MD, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine and Clinical Trials Unit Bern, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern; U. Kaiser, Dr, rer, Nat, Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, London, ON, Canada; P.J. Mease, MD, University of Washington; R.W. Ostelo, Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; D. Sapunar, MD, PhD, Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; V. Strand, Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine; A.M. Taylor, PhD, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Senior Epidemiologist, VU University Medical Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health.
authors.forename: Vibeke
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Strand
authors.affiliation: From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada; SDG LLC Cambridge, MA, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; University of Ottawa; Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Canada.|L.J. Maxwell, MSc, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; L.S. Simon, MD, SDG LLC; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; S. Grosskleg, University of Ottawa; K. Scrivens, BA, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Institute for Work & Health; C.O. Bingham III, MD; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University; J.W. Busse, DC, PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University; R. Christensen, MSc, PhD, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital; N. Goel, MD, Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Patient Research Partner, Durham, NC, USA; P. Jüni, MD, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine and Clinical Trials Unit Bern, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern; U. Kaiser, Dr, rer, Nat, Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, London, ON, Canada; P.J. Mease, MD, University of Washington; R.W. Ostelo, Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; D. Sapunar, MD, PhD, Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; V. Strand, Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine; A.M. Taylor, PhD, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Senior Epidemiologist, VU University Medical Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health.
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada; SDG LLC Cambridge, MA, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; University of Ottawa; Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Canada.|L.J. Maxwell, MSc, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; L.S. Simon, MD, SDG LLC; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; S. Grosskleg, University of Ottawa; K. Scrivens, BA, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Institute for Work & Health; C.O. Bingham III, MD; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University; J.W. Busse, DC, PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University; R. Christensen, MSc, PhD, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital; N. Goel, MD, Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Patient Research Partner, Durham, NC, USA; P. Jüni, MD, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine and Clinical Trials Unit Bern, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern; U. Kaiser, Dr, rer, Nat, Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, London, ON, Canada; P.J. Mease, MD, University of Washington; R.W. Ostelo, Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; D. Sapunar, MD, PhD, Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; V. Strand, Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine; A.M. Taylor, PhD, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Senior Epidemiologist, VU University Medical Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health.
authors.forename: Caroline B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Terwee
authors.affiliation: From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada; SDG LLC Cambridge, MA, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; University of Ottawa; Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Canada.|L.J. Maxwell, MSc, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Practice-Changing Research; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; L.S. Simon, MD, SDG LLC; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; S. Grosskleg, University of Ottawa; K. Scrivens, BA, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Institute for Work & Health; C.O. Bingham III, MD; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University; J.W. Busse, DC, PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University; R. Christensen, MSc, PhD, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital; N. Goel, MD, Quintiles, Inc., Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Patient Research Partner, Durham, NC, USA; P. Jüni, MD, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine and Clinical Trials Unit Bern, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern; U. Kaiser, Dr, rer, Nat, Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, London, ON, Canada; P.J. Mease, MD, University of Washington; R.W. Ostelo, Department of Health Sciences (VU University) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (VU University Medical Centre) of the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; D. Sapunar, MD, PhD, Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; V. Strand, Division Immunology/Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine; A.M. Taylor, PhD, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Senior Epidemiologist, VU University Medical Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tugwell
keywords: CHRONIC PAIN; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PAIN MEASUREMENT; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW