title: Interactive effects of warming, eutrophication and size structure: impacts on biodiversity and food-web structure.
abstract: Warming and eutrophication are two of the most important global change stressors for natural ecosystems, but their interaction is poorly understood. We used a dynamic model of complex, size-structured food webs to assess interactive effects on diversity and network structure. We found antagonistic impacts: Warming increases diversity in eutrophic systems and decreases it in oligotrophic systems. These effects interact with the community size structure: Communities of similarly sized species such as parasitoid-host systems are stabilized by warming and destabilized by eutrophication, whereas the diversity of size-structured predator-prey networks decreases strongly with warming, but decreases only weakly with eutrophication. Nonrandom extinction risks for generalists and specialists lead to higher connectance in networks without size structure and lower connectance in size-structured communities. Overall, our results unravel interactive impacts of warming and eutrophication and suggest that size structure may serve as an important proxy for predicting the community sensitivity to these global change stressors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden.|J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Berliner Str. 28, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Amrei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Binzer
authors.affiliation: J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Berliner Str. 28, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.|Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.|Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guill
authors.affiliation: J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Berliner Str. 28, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.|German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.|Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Str. 159, 07743, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Björn C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Rall
authors.affiliation: J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Berliner Str. 28, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.|German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.|Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Str. 159, 07743, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Brose
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D049628:Body Size; D057231:Climate Change; D017753:Ecosystem; D005068:Eutrophication; D053476:Extinction, Biological; D020387:Food Chain; D057232:Global Warming; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011157:Population Dynamics; D013696:Temperature
keywords: complex food webs; extinctions; generalists; global change; size structure; specialists