title: Clinical Background of Patients with Sperm in Their Urinary Sediment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The detection rate and associated factors of at least one sperm in urinary sediment is not well-known in real clinical practice.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical features associated with the presence of sperm in urinary sediment in a large number of samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional study at Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital. We identified 5,005 males who were aged ≥20 years in whom urinary sedimentation had been performed at least twice between May 2011 and June 2012. The sperm group included patients in whom at least one urinary sediment test performed under a microscope had detected at least one sperm. We evaluated the associations between the presence of at least one sperm in urinary sediment and clinical parameters such as various diseases and the use of particular oral medicines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 1.6% (339/20,937) of urinary sediment samples contained at least one sperm. The sperm group consisted of 282 subjects (5.6%), and the no-sperm group included 4,723 subjects (94.3%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analysis demonstrated that younger age (<65) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32-2.21), the total number of examinations (≥4) (OR: 1.46, 95%CI: 1.11-1.92), diabetes (OR: 1.72, 95%CI: 1.31-2.25), a history of pelvic surgery for colon cancer (OR: 4.89, 95%CI: 2.38-10.02), alpha-1 blocker use (OR: 1.55, 95%CI: 1.16-2.08), a history of trans-urethral resection of the prostate (OR: 2.77, 95%CI: 1.46-5.13), and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use (OR: 2.12, 95%CI: 1.07-4.19) were independent predictors of the presence of at least one sperm in urinary sediment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is considerable overlap between the factors associated with the presence of at least one sperm in urinary sediment and those that are strongly associated with ejaculatory disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masuomi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kabeya
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katsuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyoe
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ogikubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: So
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mototsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oya
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimada
mesh_terms: D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine; D013094:Spermatozoa; D014041:Tokyo / Q000453:epidemiology; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists