title: GRIM-19 expression is a potent prognostic marker in colorectal cancer.
abstract: Retinoid-interferon-induced mortality-19 (GRIM-19), a recently discovered cell death regulatory gene, may function as a tumor suppressor in many human malignancies. However, the expression of GRIM-19 in and its prognostic value for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been well investigated to date. Here, GRIM-19 expression was measured immunohistochemically in 94 colon samples and by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in 15 paired CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. The prognostic significance was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and log-rank tests. Our results showed that GRIM-19 mRNA and protein levels in adenoma tissues were similar to those in adjacent normal tissues. However, GRIM-19 expression was severely depressed in carcinomas compared to matched normal tissues (P = .000). Additionally, we found GRIM-19 to be located in both the cytoplasm and nucleus in normal tissues but only in the cytoplasm in CRC tissues. Alteration in GRIM-19 expression occurs early in the pathogenesis of CRC; moreover, low GRIM-19 expression was associated with poor tumor differentiation (P = .013), the presence of lymph nodes (P = .000), metastasis to other organs (P = .045) and vascular invasion (P = .010). During a mean period of 40 months follow-up, patients without GRIM-19 had a statistically significantly lower rate of recurrence/metastasis (P < .05) and a shorter overall survival time (P < .01) than the patients with GRIM-19 expression. Taken together, GRIM-19 expression is closely associated with CRC progression and might be a very promising prognostic biomarker for CRC patients.
authors.affiliation: Science Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China.
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China.
authors.forename: Zhenbo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: Tissue Bank, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China.
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Science Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Science Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China.
authors.forename: Yuqian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Tissue Bank, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China.
authors.forename: Tie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China.
authors.forename: Degang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Tissue Bank, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China. Electronic address: congxl888@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Xianling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cong
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D000368:Aged; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011379:Prognosis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; C439057:NDUFA13 protein, human
keywords: Colorectal cancer; GRIM-19; Immunohistochemistry; Prognostic biomarker; Tumor suppressor