title: Bradyrhizobium viridifuturi sp. nov., encompassing nitrogen-fixing symbionts of legumes used for green manure and environmental services.
abstract: Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, commonly called rhizobia, are agronomically important because they can provide significant amounts of nitrogen to plants and help in recovery of impoverished soils and improvement of degraded environments. In recent years, with advances in molecular techniques, several studies have shown that these bacteria have high levels of genetic diversity, resulting in taxonomic reclassifications and descriptions of new species. However, despite the advances achieved, highly conserved 16S ribosomal genes (16S rRNA) do not elucidate differences between species of several genera, including the genus Bradyrhizobium. Other methodologies, such as multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA), have been used in such cases, with good results. In this study, three strains (SEMIAs 690T, 6387 and 6428) of the genus Bradyrhizobium, isolated from nitrogen-fixing nodules of Centrosema and Acacia species, without clear taxonomic positions, were studied. These strains differed from genetically closely related species according to the results of MLSA of four housekeeping genes (dnaK, glnII, gyrB and recA) and nucleotide identities of the concatenated genes with those of related species ranged from 87.8 % to 95.7 %, being highest with Bradyrhizobium elkanii. DNA-DNA hybridization (less than 32 % DNA relatedness) and average nucleotide identity values of the whole genomes (less than 90.5 %) indicated that these strains represented a novel species, and phenotypic traits were determined. Our data supported the description of the SEMIA strains as Bradyrhizobium viridifuturi sp. nov., and SEMIA 690T ( = CNPSo 991T = C 100aT = BR 1804T = LMG 28866T), isolated from Centrosema pubescens, was chosen as type strain.
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Soja, C.P. 231, 86001-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.|Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Dept. of Microbiology, C.P. 10.011, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luisa Caroline
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Ferraz Helene
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Soja, C.P. 231, 86001-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.|Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Dept. of Microbiology, C.P. 10.011, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jakeline Renata
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Marçon Delamuta
authors.affiliation: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, SHIS QI 1 Conjunto B - Blocos A, B, C e D, Lago Sul, 71605-001, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Augusto Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n La Molina, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ormeño-Orrillo
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antonio Rogel
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: Esperanza
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martínez-Romero
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Dept. of Microbiology, C.P. 10.011, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.|Embrapa Soja, C.P. 231, 86001-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.|Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, SHIS QI 1 Conjunto B - Blocos A, B, C e D, Lago Sul, 71605-001, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariangela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hungria
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001482:Base Composition; D020369:Bradyrhizobium / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000382:microbiology*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D008372:Manure; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D009586:Nitrogen Fixation; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008372:Manure; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S