title: Flavonoid Fraction of Citrus reticulata Juice Reduces Proliferation and Migration of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Cells.
abstract: Effects of flavonoids extracted from Citrus reticulata (mandarin) juice on proliferation and migration of 3 human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) cell lines were evaluated. Flavonoid components of Mandarin juice extract (MJe) were analyzed by uHPLC. Proliferation of CAL-62, C-643, and 8505C cells, measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, was significantly reduced by MJe in a concentration- and time-dependent way, with maximal effect elicited at 0.5 mg/ml concentration after 48 h. Cytofluorimetric analysis showed a block in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, accompanied by low cell mortality owed to autophagic death. The extract caused also a reduction of cell migration, associated with decreased activity of the metalloproteinase MMP-2. These findings demonstrate that the flavonoid fraction of mandarin juice exerts in vitro antiproliferative effects on ATC cells, associated with a reduction of migration, suggesting for such a functional food a potential use as adjuvant in the treatment of thyroid cancer.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Health Sciences , University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia" , Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Catanzaro , Italy.
authors.forename: Marilena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Celano
authors.affiliation: a Department of Health Sciences , University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia" , Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Catanzaro , Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Maggisano
authors.affiliation: a Department of Health Sciences , University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia" , Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Catanzaro , Italy.
authors.forename: Roberta Francesca
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: De Rose
authors.affiliation: a Department of Health Sciences , University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia" , Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Catanzaro , Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bulotta
authors.affiliation: a Department of Health Sciences , University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia" , Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Catanzaro , Italy.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maiuolo
authors.affiliation: b Department of Drug Sciences and Products for Health , University of Messina , Messina , Italy.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Navarra
authors.affiliation: a Department of Health Sciences , University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia" , Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Catanzaro , Italy.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Russo
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D065646:Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2