title: [Development and Validation of the Empowerment Scale for Woman with Breast Cancer].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to evaluate empowerment in woman with breast cancer and to examine the validity and reliability of the scale.
  
  
  METHODS
  The development process for the initial items included a literature review, interviews, and construction of a conceptual framework. The identified items were evaluated for content validity by experts, resulting in 3 factors and 48 preliminary items. Participants were 319 women with breast cancer recruited to test reliability and validity of the preliminary scale. Data were analyzed using item analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, criterion related validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final scale consisted of 30 items and 3 factors. Factors, including 'intrapersonal factor' (14 items), 'interactional factor' (8 items), and 'behavioral factor' (8 items), were drawn up after confirmatory factor analysis. Goodness of fit of the final research model was very appropriate as shown by χ²/df=1.86, TLI=.90, CFI=.92, SRMR=.06, and RMSEA=.05. Criterion validity was evaluated by total correlation with the Cancer Empowerment Questionnaire .78. Cronbach's alpha for total items was .93 and test-retest reliability was .69.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings from this study indicate that the scale can be used in the development of nursing interventions to promote the empowerment of women having breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nursing Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Division of Nursing Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea. hyojungp@ewha.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hyojung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008875:Middle Aged; D011209:Power, Psychological; D016730:Program Development; D012648:Self Care; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Breast neoplasms; Empowerment; Validation studies; Women