title: CYFRA 21.1 in bronchoalveolar lavage of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is one of the most aggressive forms of interstitial lung diseases, however, clinically relevant biomarkers of diagnosis or prognosis are lacking. In this study, we investigated the levels of a fragment of Cytokeratin 19 (CYFRA 21.1) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of IPF patients at time of diagnosis. We further evaluated associations between CYFRA 21.1, pulmonary function evolution, mortality, and BAL cell count.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the Lumipulse® G1200, CYFRA 21.1 was measured in BAL samples of 81 IPF patients and 9 controls. Based upon the median detected level (1.2 ng/mL) of CYFRA 21.1 in IPF patients, they were subdivided into an IPF CYFRA 21.1 low group (≤ 1.2 ng/mL) and IPF CYFRA 21.1 high group (> 1.2 ng/mL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CYFRA 21.1 levels were significantly higher in BAL of IPF patients compared to controls (P = .0015).Worse survival was observed, but no changes in pulmonary function, for IPF patients with high CYFRA 21.1 levels versus patients with low CYFRA 21.1 levels [P = .030, HR: 0.41, (0.18-0.92)[. The CYFRA 21.1 level correlated with both neutrophils (%: R = 0.60, P < .0001; #: R = 0.47, P < .0001) and eosinophils (%: R = 0.38, P = .0005; #: R = 0.30, P < .0072).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CYFRA 21.1 is increased in BAL of IPF patients. IPF patients with a high CYFRA 21.1 concentration have a worse survival. CYFRA 21.1 levels correlate with eosinophils and neutrophils. Further studies are warranted in using CYFRA 21.1 as a biomarker for IPF prognosis.
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory for Pulmonology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven , University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Inge M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Vercauteren
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory for Pulmonology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven , University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Stijn E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Verleden
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory for Pulmonology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven , University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: McDonough
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory for Pulmonology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven , University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Elly
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vandermeulen
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory for Pulmonology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven , University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ruttens
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory for Pulmonology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven , University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Elise J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lammertyn
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory for Pulmonology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven , University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Hannelore
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bellon
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pulmonology , University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Els
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Dycker
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pulmonology , University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dooms
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pulmonology , University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yserbyt
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pulmonology , University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Geert M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Verleden
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory for Pulmonology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven , University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Bart M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Vanaudenaerde
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pulmonology , University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Wim A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Wuyts
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage / Q000379:methods; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D054990:Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D053539:Keratin-19 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000379:methods; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D015415:Biomarkers; D053539:Keratin-19; C102012:antigen CYFRA21.1
keywords: CYFRA 21.1; bronchoalveolar lavage; idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis