title: Sport concussion assessment tool - 3rd edition - normative reference values for professional ice hockey players.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine normative reference values for the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-3rd Edition (SCAT3) using a large sample of professional male ice hockey players.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preseason baseline testing was administered individually to 304 professional male ice hockey players.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The participants were aged between 16 and 40 with a mean (M) age of 25.3 years. Over 60% of the athletes reported previous concussion, almost 20% had been hospitalized or medically imaged following a head trauma. Of the players, 48% reported no symptoms. The symptom score median (Md) was 1.0 (M=1.5) and severity median was 1.0 (M=2.3). The median of the SAC score was 27.0 (M=27.0). The median of the M-BESS was 1.0 (M=2.0). The Tandem gait median was 10.9s (M=10.8s). The most common baseline symptom was neck pain (24%). Delayed recall was the most difficult component of the SAC (Md=4); only 24% performed it flawlessly. All athletes completed the double-leg stance of the M-BESS without errors, but there was performance variability in the tandem stance (Md=0, M=0.6, range=0-10) and single-leg stance (Md=1.0, M=1.4, range=0-10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Representative normative reference values for the SCAT3 among professional male ice hockey players are provided.
authors.affiliation: Tampere Research Centre of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Finland. Electronic address: timo.hanninen@fimnet.fi.
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hänninen
authors.affiliation: International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), Medical Committee, Switzerland; Liiga/Finnish Ice Hockey Association, Finland; Medisport Ltd, Finland.
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tuominen
authors.affiliation: Tampere Research Centre of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Finland.
authors.forename: Jari
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parkkari
authors.affiliation: Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Division of Cognitive Psychology and Neuropsychology University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vartiainen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tampere University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Öhman
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital for Children Sport Concussion Program, USA; Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Home Base Program, USA.
authors.forename: Grant L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Iverson
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tampere University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: Teemu M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Luoto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005387:Finland; D006688:Hockey / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Baseline survey; Brain concussion; Clinical assessment; Head injuries