title: Pediatric Origins of Nephrolithiasis-Associated Atherosclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if nephrolithiasis-associated atherosclerosis has pediatric origins and to consider possible association between kidney stones and atherosclerosis-related proteins.
  
  
  METHODS
  We matched children aged 12-17 years with kidney stones and without kidney stones. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) was measured by ultrasound. Participants' urine was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the atherosclerosis-related proteins fibronectin 1, macrophage scavenger receptor 1, osteopontin, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 levels, and normalized to urine creatinine levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with nephrolithiasis had higher cIMT in the right common carotid artery and overall mean measurement. Urine osteopontin and fibronectin 1 were significant predictors of cIMT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have provided initial preliminary evidence that nephrolithiasis-associated atherosclerosis has pediatric origins and performed studies that begin to identify potential reasons for the association of nephrolithiasis and vascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital/The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kusumi
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital/The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: The Center for Clinical and Translational Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH.
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barr-Beare
authors.affiliation: The Center for Clinical and Translational Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH.
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital/The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
authors.forename: Megan S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Schober
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics Core, The Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moore-Clingenpeel
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital/The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Center for Clinical and Translational Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH. Electronic address: Andrew.Schwaderer@Nationwidechildrens.org.
authors.forename: Andrew L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Schwaderer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D002648:Child; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000378:metabolism; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D051117:Scavenger Receptors, Class A / Q000378:metabolism; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C067625:FN1 protein, human; D005353:Fibronectins; C495139:MSR1 protein, human; D051117:Scavenger Receptors, Class A; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D053495:Osteopontin