title: Speech perception, production and intelligibility in French-speaking children with profound hearing loss and early cochlear implantation after congenital cytomegalovirus infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze speech in children with profound hearing loss following congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection with cochlear implantation (CI) before the age of 3 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cohort of 15 children with profound hearing loss, speech perception, production and intelligibility were assessed before and 3 years after CI; variables impacting results were explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Post-CI, median word recognition was 74% on closed-list and 48% on open-list testing; 80% of children acquired speech production; and 60% were intelligible for all listeners or listeners attentive to lip-reading and/or aware of the child's hearing loss. Univariate analysis identified 3 variables (mean post-CI hearing threshold, bilateral vestibular areflexia, and brain abnormality on MRI) with significant negative impact on the development of speech perception, production and intelligibility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CI showed positive impact on hearing and speech in children with post-cCMV profound hearing loss. Our study demonstrated the key role of maximizing post-CI hearing gain. A few children had insufficient progress, especially in case of bilateral vestibular areflexia and/or brain abnormality on MRI. This led us to suggest that balance rehabilitation and speech therapy should be intensified in such cases.
authors.affiliation: Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie pédiatrique, hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France. Electronic address: laurence.laccourreye@nck.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Laccourreye
authors.affiliation: Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie pédiatrique, hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ettienne
authors.affiliation: Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie pédiatrique, hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Prang
authors.affiliation: Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie pédiatrique, hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Couloigner
authors.affiliation: Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie pédiatrique, hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: E-N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Garabedian
authors.affiliation: Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie pédiatrique, hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Loundon
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000150:complications*; D061345:Early Medical Intervention; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery* / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013065:Speech Intelligibility; D013067:Speech Perception; D013068:Speech Production Measurement
keywords: Child; Cochlear implant; Cytomegalovirus; Hearing loss; Speech