title: Using intravoxel incoherent motion MR imaging to study the renal pathophysiological process of contrast-induced acute kidney injury in rats: Comparison with conventional DWI and arterial spin labelling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the potential of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) to assess the renal pathophysiological process in contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven rats were induced with CIAKI model, six rats were imaged longitudinally at 24 h prior to and 30 min, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after administration; three rats were randomly chosen from the rest for serum creatinine and histological studies. D, f, D* and ADC were calculated from IVIM, and renal blood flow (RBF) was obtained from arterial spin labelling (ASL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A progressive reduction in D and ADC was observed in cortex (CO) by 3.07 and 8.62 % at 30 min, and by 25.77 and 28.16 % at 48 h, respectively. A similar change in outer medulla (OM) and inner medulla (IM) was observed at a later time point (12-72 h). D values were strongly correlated with ADC (r = 0.885). As perfusion measurement, a significant decrease was shown for f in 12-48 h and an increase in 72-96 h. A slightly different trend was found for D*, which was decreased by 26.02, 21.78 and 10.19 % in CO, OM and IM, respectively, at 30 min. f and D* were strongly correlated with RBF in the cortex (r = 0.768, r = 0.67), but not in the medulla.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IVIM is an effective imaging tool for monitoring progress in renal pathophysiology undergoing CIAKI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • IVIM analysis permits separate quantification of diffusion and perfusion. • IVIM can provide useful biomarkers ifor changes in renal pathophysiology. • IVIM can be useful for monitoring progress in renal pathophysiology undergoing CIAKI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Guangdong General Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 106 Zhong shan Er Road, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.|Graduate College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Guangdong General Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 106 Zhong shan Er Road, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Bo
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Kannie W Y
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Yu-Guo
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Guangdong General Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 106 Zhong shan Er Road, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.|Graduate College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Guangdong General Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 106 Zhong shan Er Road, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Chang-Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Guan-Shu
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Guangdong General Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 106 Zhong shan Er Road, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. shui7515@126.com.
authors.forename: Shui-Xing
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009038:Motion; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012079:Renal Circulation; D013113:Spin Labels
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D013113:Spin Labels
keywords: Apparent diffusion coefficient; Arterial spin labelling; Contrast-induced acute kidney injury; Diffusion-weighted imaging; Intravoxel incoherent motion