title: Radiological findings in cerebral venous thrombosis presenting as subarachnoid hemorrhage: a series of 22 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The main objectives of the present study are to assess the incidence of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) presenting as isolated subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and to determine the occurrence of cortical venous thrombosis (CoVT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 332 patients with CVT, investigated with the same CT and MR standardized protocol, 33 (10 %) presented with SAH, associated in 11 cases with hemorrhagic infarct or intracerebral hemorrhage. This study is based on 22 cases of CVT presenting as SAH in the absence of hemorrhagic brain lesion. Diagnosis of sinus thrombosis was established on T2* and magnetic resonance venography and that of CoVT on T2* sequence. Diagnostic of SAH was based on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CVT involved lateral sinus in 18 patients, superior sagittal sinus in 16, and straight sinus in 1. Cortical veins were involved in all patients, in continuity with dural sinus thrombosis when present. SAH was circumscribed to few sulci in all cases and mainly localized at the convexity (21 cases). CoVT implied different areas on the same side in four patients and was bilateral in seven. There was no perimesencephalic or basal cisterns hemorrhage. Cortical swelling was present in 12 cases, associated with localized edema. All patients except one had a favorable outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report shows that the incidence of CVT presenting as isolated SAH is evaluated to 6.4 % and that SAH is, in all cases, in the vicinity of CoVT and when dural thrombosis is present in continuity with it.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology and Therapeutic Angiography, Assistance publique - University Hospitals Lariboisière-St-Louis-Fernand-Widal, APHP - Paris-Diderot University, France.2, rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France. monique.boukobza@lrb.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boukobza
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Assistance publique - University Hospitals Lariboisière-St-Louis-Fernand-Widal, APHP - Paris-Diderot University Paris, France, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Crassard
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Assistance publique - University Hospitals Lariboisière-St-Louis-Fernand-Widal, APHP - Paris-Diderot University Paris, France, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Germaine
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bousser
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Assistance publique - University Hospitals Lariboisière-St-Louis-Fernand-Widal, APHP - Paris-Diderot University Paris, France, Paris, France.|INSERM UMR 1161 and DHU NeuroVasc, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Hugues
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chabriat
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D020767:Intracranial Thrombosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: Cerebral convexity; Cerebral venous thrombosis; Cortical venous thrombosis (CoVT); Subarachnoid hemorrhage; T2*