title: Histological Analysis of Intra-Abdominal Adhesions Treated with Sodium Hyaluronate and Carboxymethylcellulose Gel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate macro and microscopically the adhesions developed after using the anti-adherence compound sodium hyaluronate and carboxymethylcellulose (SH-CBMC) gel and to determine the volume of the adhesions using a stereological estimation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was experimental, random, comparative, and prospective. The subjects of the study were male Wistar rats divided in three groups (n = 10). Group I (control) included rats with no peritoneal injury. Group II rats had a 2 cm diameter injury created bilaterally in the parietal peritoneum at 3 cm from the abdominal midline with electrocautery coated with physiological solution. Group III rats were given the same injuries and coated with SH-CBMC gel. All groups were followed up postoperatively for 30 days, after which a laparotomy was performed to macroscopically determine the presence and type of adhesions. Experimental models were euthanized with anesthetic overdose and biopsies were taken for histopathological examination and stereological estimate of the volume of adhesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Macroscopic adhesions were 20% less prevalent in Group III compared to Group II, which presented 40% more multiple and firm adhesions, unlike in Group III, in which they were unique and lax. There was a statistically significant decrease in the presence and number of adhesions in rats treated with SH-CBMC gel. Inflammatory infiltrate was significantly lower in rats treated with SH-CBMC gel, but there were no differences in connective tissue, fibrosis, and angiogenesis among groups. There was no statistical difference in the overall volume of adhesions among the treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SH-CBMC gel reduces macroscopic presence and number of adhesions and the severity of the inflammatory infiltrate.
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , México D.F. , México.|b Servicio de Cirugía General , Unidad 304, Hospital General de México , SSA , México.
authors.forename: Eduardo Esteban
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Montalvo-Javé
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , México D.F. , México.
authors.forename: German Eduardo
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Mendoza-Barrera
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , México D.F. , México.
authors.forename: Manuel Alejandro
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: García-Pineda
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , México D.F. , México.
authors.forename: Álvaro Rodrigo
authors.initials: ÁR
authors.lastname: Jaime Limón
authors.affiliation: c Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , México D.F. , México.
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Montalvo-Arenas
authors.affiliation: c Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , México D.F. , México.
authors.forename: Andrés Eliú
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Castell Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , México D.F. , México.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tapia Jurado
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005782:Gels / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007813:Laparotomy; D008297:Male; D010532:Peritoneal Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000293:injuries*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium
keywords: experimental surgery; intraperitoneal adhesions; sodium hyaluronate and carboxymethylcellulose gel; stereological estimation