title: Effect of Increased Water Intake on Urinary DNA Adduct Levels and Mutagenicity in Smokers: A Randomized Study.
abstract: The association between fluid intake and bladder cancer risk remains controversial. Very little is known about to which extent the amount of water intake influences the action of excreting toxics upon the urinary system. This proof of concept trial investigates the effect of water intake on mutagenesis in smokers, a high risk population for bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Monocentric randomized controlled trial. Inclusion Criteria. Male subjects aged 2045-45 y/o, smokers, and small drinkers (24-hour urinary volume <1 L and osmolality >700 mOsmol/kg).
  
  
  RESULTS
  4-ABP DNA adducts formation in exfoliated bladder cells in 24-hour urine collection and urinary mutagenicity in 24-hour urine. TEST GROUP: Subjects consumed 1.5 L daily of the study product (EVIAN) on top of their usual water intake for 50 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects continued their usual lifestyle habits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  65 subjects were randomized. Mean age was 30 y/o and mean cigarettes per day were 20. A slight decrease in adducts formation was observed between baseline and last visit but no statistically significant difference was demonstrated between the groups. Urinary mutagenicity significantly decreased. The study shows that increasing water intake decreases urinary mutagenicity. It is not confirmed by urinary adducts formation. Further research would be necessary.
authors.affiliation: Danone Research, avenue de la Vauve, 91120 Palaiseau, France.
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Buendia Jimenez
authors.affiliation: Danone Research, avenue de la Vauve, 91120 Palaiseau, France.
authors.forename: Pascaline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Richardot
authors.affiliation: Aixial Pharma, 92300 Levallois-Perret, France.
authors.forename: Pascaline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Picard
authors.affiliation: Institute of European Expertise in Physiology, 21 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Eve M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Lepicard
authors.affiliation: IMBE, UMR CNRS 7263, IRD 237, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, 13331 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Meo
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 38 Woodsdale Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45216, USA.
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Talaska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000652:urine*; D004326:Drinking; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009154:Mutation; D012907:Smoking / Q000652:urine*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D018736:DNA Adducts