title: Apoptotic induction by pinobanksin and some of its ester derivatives from Sonoran propolis in a B-cell lymphoma cell line.
abstract: Propolis is a resinous substance produced by honeybees (Apis mellifera) from the selective collection of exudates and bud secretions from several plants. In previous works, we reported the antiproliferative activity of Sonoran propolis (SP) on cancer cells; in addition we suggested the induction of apoptosis after treatment with SP due to the presence of morphological changes and a characteristic DNA fragmentation pattern. Herein, in this study we demonstrated that the antiproliferative effect of SP is induced through apoptosis in a B-cell lymphoma cancer cell line, M12.C3.F6, by an annexin V-FITC/Propidium iodide double labeling. This apoptotic effect of SP resulted to be mediated by modulations in the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and through activation of caspases signaling pathway (3, 8 and 9). Afterward, in order to characterize the chemical constituents of SP that induce apoptosis in cancer cells, an HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS method followed by a preparative isolation procedure and NMR spectroscopy analysis have been used. Eighteen flavonoids, commonly described in propolis from temperate regions, were characterized. Chrysin, pinocembrin, pinobanksin and its ester derivatives are the main constituents of SP and some of them have never been reported in SP. In addition, two esters of pinobanksin (8 and 13) are described by first time in propolis samples in general. The antiproliferative activity on M12.C3.F6 cells through apoptosis induction was exhibited by pinobanksin (4), pinobanksin-3-O-propanoate (14), pinobanksin-3-O-butyrate (16), pinobanksin-3-O-pentanoate (17), and the already reported galangin (11), chrysin (9) and CAPE. To our knowledge this is the first report of bioactivity of pinobanksin and some of its ester derivatives as apoptosis inducers. Further studies are needed to advance in the understanding of the molecular basis of apoptosis induction by SP and its constituents, as well as the structure-activity relationship of them.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, 83000 Hermosillo, Son., Mexico.
authors.forename: Efrain
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alday
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Biological and Agropecuary Sciences, University of Sonora, Av. Universidad e Irigoyen, 83600 Caborca, Son., Mexico.
authors.forename: Dora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Valencia
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, 83000 Hermosillo, Son., Mexico.
authors.forename: Ana Laura
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Carreño
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Picerno
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna Lisa
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Piccinelli
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rastrelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, 83000 Hermosillo, Son., Mexico.
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Robles-Zepeda
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Servicios de Apoyo en Resolución Analítica, Universidad Veracruzana, 575 Xalapa, Ver., Mexico.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, 83000 Hermosillo, Son., Mexico. Electronic address: velaz@guayacan.uson.mx.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Velazquez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004952:Esters / Q000737:chemistry; D044950:Flavanones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011429:Propolis / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D004952:Esters; D044950:Flavanones; C108261:pinobanksin; D011429:Propolis; D020169:Caspases
keywords: Chemical characterization; Induction of apoptosis; Pinobanksin ester derivatives; Sonoran propolis