title: Biopsy Induced Arteriovenous Fistula and Venous Stenosis in a Renal Transplant.
abstract: Renal transplant vein stenosis is a rare cause of allograft dysfunction. Percutaneous stenting appears to be safe and effective treatment for this condition. A 56-year-old Caucasian female with end stage renal disease received a deceased donor renal transplant. After transplant, her serum creatinine improved to a nadir of 1.2 mg/dL. During the third posttransplant month, her serum creatinine increased to 2.2 mg/dL. Renal transplant biopsy showed BK nephropathy. Mycophenolate was discontinued. Over the next 2 months, her serum creatinine crept up to 6.2 mg/dL. BK viremia improved from 36464 copies/mL to 15398 copies/mL. A renal transplant ultrasound showed lower pole arteriovenous fistula and abnormal waveforms in the renal vein. Carbon dioxide (CO2) angiography demonstrated severe stenosis of the transplant renal vein. Successful coil occlusion of fistula was performed along with angioplasty and deployment of stent in the renal transplant vein. Serum creatinine improved to 1.5 mg/dL after.
authors.affiliation: Tarrant Nephrology Associates, 1001 Pennsylvania Avenue, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA ; Division of Transplant Nephrology, Fort Worth Transplant Institute, Plaza Medical Center, 900 Eighth Avenue, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA.
authors.forename: Sridhar R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Allam
authors.affiliation: Tarrant Nephrology Associates, 1001 Pennsylvania Avenue, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA ; Division of Transplant Nephrology, Fort Worth Transplant Institute, Plaza Medical Center, 900 Eighth Avenue, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA.
authors.forename: Balamurugan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sankarapandian
authors.affiliation: Tarrant Nephrology Associates, 1001 Pennsylvania Avenue, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA ; Division of Transplant Nephrology, Fort Worth Transplant Institute, Plaza Medical Center, 900 Eighth Avenue, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA.
authors.forename: Imran A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Memon
authors.affiliation: Tarrant Nephrology Associates, 1001 Pennsylvania Avenue, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA ; Division of Transplant Nephrology, Fort Worth Transplant Institute, Plaza Medical Center, 900 Eighth Avenue, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Nef
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Plaza Medical Center, 900 Eighth Avenue, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA.
authors.forename: Tom S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Livingston
authors.affiliation: Division of Transplant Surgery, Fort Worth Transplant Institute, Plaza Medical Center, 900 Eighth Avenue, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rofaiel