title: Early stage of vascular disease and diabetic kidney disease: an under-recognized entity.
abstract: Early stage of vascular disease and diabetic kidney disease (DKD stages 1 and 2) has been under-recognized, under common practice worldwide. The lack of sensitive diagnostic marker leads to late diagnosis and a progression of underlying vascular disease associated with chronic renal ischemia, which eventually intensifies the magnitude of DKD damage. Treatment at this late stage fails to correct the renal ischemia, or restore renal function, due to the altered vascular homeostasis associated with an impaired nitric oxide production. In contrast to the above information, early recognition of vascular disease and DKD with sensitive diagnostic markers would be able to implement an effective prevention of progression of vascular disease and DKD. Treatment at early stage under environment favorable for adequate vascular homeostasis is able to correct the renal ischemia and improve the renal function.
authors.affiliation: a Renal Microvascular Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand .
authors.forename: Narisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Futrakul
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pediatrics , King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand , and.
authors.forename: Ankanee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chanakul
authors.affiliation: c Bhumirajanagarindra Kidney Institute, and Academy of Science, The Royal Institute of Thailand , Bangkok , Thailand.
authors.forename: Prasit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Futrakul
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pediatrics , King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand , and.
authors.forename: Tawatchai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Deekajorndech
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D018450:Disease Progression; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Diabetic kidney disease; diagnostic markers; renal function; renal ischemia; vascular disease; vascular homeostasis