title: [Nicotine dependance and carbon monoxide intoxication among adult smokers].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The high nicotine dependence is one of the contributing factors to failure of attempts to quit. Moreover, the carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication, proportional to the intensity of smoking, is the basis of cardiovascular complications.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe tobacco consumption and the degree of CO intoxication, as well as to assess nicotine dependence and identify its determinants in a population of adult smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, based on a selfadministered questionnaire and a dosage of CO in expired air among smokers who participated in awareness sessions conducted in public places and academic institutions in the city of Monastir. Multivariate analysis was based on a binary logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 914 smokers participated in our survey whose mean age was 29.5 ± 12.4 years. More than 2/3 of cases (68.7 %) were strongly addicted to nicotine. Heavy smokers (consumption > 20 cigarettes / day) accounted for 28 % of subjects aged under 30 and 59% of older adults (p < 10-4). Determinants of strong tobacco dependence were age of first cigarette ( OR = 0.912 ) , duration of tobacco consumption (OR = 1.059 ) , alcohol consumption (OR = 1.764 ) , sedentarity (OR = 2.024 ) and the rate expired CO (OR = 1.059 ) . The mean rate of exhaled CO was 13.1 ± 11.1 ppm. It was positively correlated with Fagerström score (r = 0.5, p < 10-4) and the number of cigarettes smoked before dosing CO (r = 0.6, p < 10-4). In the contrary, it was negatively correlated to the time elapsed between the last cigarette and the test (r = - 0.2, p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study focused on smoking addiction and its determinants. They encourage us to strengthen efforts for effective implementation of the WHO Framework Convention of Tobacco control in Tunisia.
authors.forename: Asma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sriha Belguith
authors.forename: Iness
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bouanene
authors.forename: Sana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elmhamdi
authors.forename: Aroua
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ben Salah
authors.forename: Chahida
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Harizi
authors.forename: Kamel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ben Salem
authors.forename: Moahmed Essouss
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Soltani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014416:Tunisia / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002248:Carbon Monoxide