title: Dermatophytosis due to Microsporum incurvatum: Notification and Identification of a Neglected Pathogenic Species.
abstract: A 4-year-old Iranian boy developed erythematous, itchy and annular lesion on his face. Microscopic examination of the scraped samples with 10 % potassium hydroxide (KOH) revealed fungal septate hyphae and arthroconidia. The etiological agent was found to be Microsporum gypseum in mycological examinations. Amplification and restriction digestion of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of rDNA was not helpful for identification, but in ITS sequencing the isolate showed 98 % homology to Microsporum incurvatum strain CBS 172.64. Empirical treatment of the patient with griseofulvin for 4 weeks was successful. Other than our isolate, the ITS1 sequences of 38 strains from related species were retrieved from GenBank and phylogenetic tree using maximum likelihood method was constructed. The case isolate clustered apart from other strains of M. incurvatum. Pairwise comparison of ITS1 showed intraspecies variations of 0-13 nucleotides among M. incurvatum strains and an extensive interspecies variation of 33-80 bp and remarkable interspecies size polymorphism between the three sister species in the M. gypseum complex. The high level of ITS1 intraspecific variation is suitable for species identification rather than phylogeographic analysis of M. gypseum complex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Islamic Republic of Iran. a.r.matehkolaie@gmail.com.|Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Islamic Republic of Iran. a.r.matehkolaie@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rezaei-Matehkolaei
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Space and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.|Asia International Institute of Infectious Diseases Control, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.|Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Makimura
authors.affiliation: Consiliary Laboratory for Dermatophytes, Institute of Microbiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Dorotheenstrasse 96, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Graser
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.|Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Seyedmojtaba
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seyedmousavi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Invasive Fungi Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abastabar
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Paramedical Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Abdollah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rafiei
authors.affiliation: Dermatology Hospital of Jiangxi Province and Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Dermatology, Nanchang, 330001, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.affiliation: Khuzestan Administration of Environmental Protection, Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ronagh
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Islamic Republic of Iran.|Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Sima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jafarpour
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005145:Face / Q000473:pathology; D006118:Griseofulvin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008853:Microscopy; D008864:Microsporum / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D058069:Neglected Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014005:Tinea / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D006118:Griseofulvin
keywords: ITS; Microsporum gypseum; Microsporum incurvatum; Phylogeny