title: Potent Chemopreventive/Antioxidant Activity Detected in Common Spices of the Apiaceae Family.
abstract: Spices are used worldwide, particularly in the Asian and Middle Eastern countries, and considered protective against degenerative diseases, including cancer. Here, we report the efficacy of aqueous and non-aqueous extracts of 11 Apiaceae spices for free radical-scavenging activity and to inhibit cytochrome P450s in two separate reactions involving: 1) 4-hydroxy-17ß-estradiol (4E2), DNA, and CuCl2 and 2) 17ß-estradiol, rat liver microsomes, cofactors, DNA and CuCl2. Oxidative DNA adducts resulting from redox cycling of 4E2 were analyzed by (32)P-postlabeling. Aqueous (5 mg/ml) and non-aqueous extracts (6 mg/ml) substantially inhibited (83-98%) formation of DNA adducts in the microsomal reaction. However, in nonmicrosomal reaction, only aqueous extracts showed the inhibitory activity (83-96%). Adduct inhibition was also observed at five-fold lower concentrations of aqueous extracts of cumin (60%) and caraway (90%), and 10-fold lower concentrations of carrot seeds (76%) and ajowan (90%). These results suggests the presence of 2 groups of phytochemicals: polar compounds that have free radical-scavenging activity and lipophilic compounds that selectively inhibit P450 activity associated with estrogen metabolism. Because most of these Apiaceae spices are used widely with no known toxicity, the phytochemicals from the Apiaceae spices used in foods may be potentially protective against estrogen-mediated breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: a James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville , Louisville , Kentucky , USA.
authors.forename: Jeyaprakash
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jeyabalan
authors.affiliation: b James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Department of Medicine , University of Louisville , Louisville , Kentucky , USA.
authors.forename: Farrukh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aqil
authors.affiliation: a James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville , Louisville , Kentucky , USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Soper
authors.affiliation: c Department of Biology , University of Louisville , Louisville , Kentucky , USA.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.affiliation: d James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Louisville , Louisville , Kentucky , USA.
authors.forename: Ramesh C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019661:Apiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018736:DNA Adducts; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism; D002393:Estrogens, Catechol / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017365:Spices; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D018736:DNA Adducts; D002393:Estrogens, Catechol; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D004958:Estradiol; C014036:4-hydroxyestradiol