title: Self-assembled nanostructured aqueous dispersions as dermal delivery systems.
abstract: Due to their high interfacial area and capability of loading hydrophobic, hydrophilic and amphiphilic drugs, self-assembled nanoparticles are the subject of much attention in view of an application of these dispersions as carrier systems for a variety of different active ingredients. Therefore, the effect of the internal nanostructure of oil-loaded monoglyceride-based nanoparticles on the dermal delivery of diclofenac sodium was investigated. The different self-assembled phases of the nanostructured aqueous dispersions were characterized by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The influence of the different phases ranging from cubic-bicontinuous, over hexagonal and cubic-micellar phases to emulsified microemulsions on the dermal delivery of the incorporated active was examined by Franz-type diffusion cell and in vitro tape stripping experiments on porcine skin. These studies revealed a dependency of the skin permeation of diclofenac sodium on the formulation's internal structure, which could be modified by varying the amount of R-(+)-limonene in the oil phase. A superiority of the emulsified microemulsion, possessing the highest amount of R-(+)-limonene, over cubic or hexagonal phases was evidenced in terms of dermal drug delivery.
authors.affiliation: Research Platform 'Characterisation of Drug Delivery Systems on Skin and Investigations of Involved Mechanisms', University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoppel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caneri
authors.affiliation: Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Otto
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Glatter
authors.affiliation: Research Platform 'Characterisation of Drug Delivery Systems on Skin and Investigations of Involved Mechanisms', University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: claudia.valenta@univie.ac.at.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Valenta
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000737:chemistry; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry*; D005989:Glycerides / Q000737:chemistry; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D000077222:Limonene; D008823:Micelles; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D053838:Scattering, Small Angle; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D053138:Cyclohexenes; D004655:Emulsions; D005989:Glycerides; D008823:Micelles; D013729:Terpenes; D014867:Water; D004008:Diclofenac; D000077222:Limonene; C048627:monolinolein
keywords: Dermal delivery; Diclofenac sodium; Emulsified microemulsion; R-(+)-Limonene; Self-assembling monoglycerides