title: Variability of postural orthostatic tachycardia in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis and orthostatic intolerance.
abstract: Central nervous system dysfunction with myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) has been suggested as the main cause of chronic fatigue syndrome. Fluctuation of the symptom severity and hierarchy is a characteristic feature in ME patients. The characteristics of the sympathetic activation may differ between the "good days" and "bad days" in them. Twenty-four ME patients with orthostatic intolerance underwent a conventional 10-min active standing test and echocardiography both on a "good day" and a "bad day", defined according to the severity of their symptoms. The mean heart rate at rest was significantly higher on the "bad days" than on the "good days". During the standing test on a "bad day", 5 patients (21 %) failed to maintain an upright posture for 10 min, whereas on a "good day" all the 24 patients maintained it. Postural orthostatic tachycardia (POT) (increase in heart rate ≥30 beats/min) or severe POT (heart rate ≥120 beats/min) was observed on the "bad days" in 10 patients (43 %) who did not suffer from the severe tachycardia on the "good days", suggesting the exaggerated sympathetic nervous activation. In contrast, POT did not occur or severe POT was attenuated on the "bad days" in 5 patients (21 %) who developed POT or severe POT on the "good days", suggesting the impaired sympathetic activation. Echocardiography revealed significantly lower mean values of both the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and stroke volume index on the "bad days" compared with the "good days". In conclusion, in ME patients with orthostatic intolerance, the exaggerated activation of the sympathetic nervous system while standing appears to switch to the impaired sympathetic activation after the system is loaded with the additional accentuated stimuli associated with the preload reduction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Miwa Naika Clinic, 1-4-3 Shintomicho, Toyama, 930-0002, Japan. info@miwa-naika.com.
authors.forename: Kunihisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miwa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000294:innervation*; D004452:Echocardiography; D015673:Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054971:Orthostatic Intolerance / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D054972:Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011187:Posture; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Chronic fatigue syndrome; Myalgic encephalomyelitis; Orthostatic intolerance; Postural orthostatic tachycardia; Sympathetic nervous system