title: Prediction of anxiety and depression in general surgery inpatients: A prospective cohort study of 200 consecutive patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgery is a major stress factor for patients, and is associated with significant anxiety or depression. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale is one of the most common instruments used for assessment of patients' psychological stress. Here, we aimed to identify predictors of anxiety and depression in surgical inpatients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of consecutive two-hundred patients who completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire. A patient scoring more than cut-off values (10 for anxiety and seven for depression) was considered as being at risk of anxiety or depression. Demographical data, socioeconomic status, education level and diagnoses were recorded. The Chi-square, Fisher's exact, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis tests and binary logistic regression analysis were used to identify the predictive parameters for anxiety and depression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that female patients, patients older than 35 years, patients with low socioeconomic status and low education level had a relatively higher risk of anxiety. In addition, patients with low education and a hospital stay greater than seven days were at risk of depression. Logistic regression analysis revealed that socioeconomic status and education level were strongly predictive for anxiety. However, presence of anxiety was shown to be strongly predictive for depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Healthcare providers should be aware of their patients' psychology and, therefore, it is recommended to consider predictive factors for anxiety and depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Umraniye Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: fatihbasak@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Basak
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasbahceci
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Umraniye Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sunay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guner
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Umraniye Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sisik
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Umraniye Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aylin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Acar
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Umraniye Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Metin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yucel
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Umraniye Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kilic
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Umraniye Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gurhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Anxiety; Depression; General surgery; Patient safety