title: Neurodevelopment in preterm infants with and without placenta-related intrauterine growth restriction and its relation to perinatal and postnatal factors.
abstract: Intrauterine-growth restriction is associated with impaired neurodevelopment. However, studies on early childhood neurodevelopment of premature infants with placenta-related intrauterine-growth restriction (IUGR) are scarce and heterogeneous. We aimed to analyze the impact of placenta-related IUGR on preschool age neurodevelopment in preterm infants, and to ascertain which prenatal and postnatal factors influence neurodevelopment in these infants.
  
  
  
  Prospective cohorts study: 48 placenta-related IUGR premature infants and 25 matched non-IUGR premature infants (mean gestational age: 31.4 and 31.6 weeks, respectively). Preschool neurodevelopment assessment with cognitive Bayley Scales III and with ASQ-III surveys (age interval: 34.07-42.50 months). Inter-cohort result comparison. Analysis of perinatal and environmental factors associated with impaired neurodevelopment in both cohorts.
  
  
  
  No statistically significant neurodevelopment differences were observed at preschool age between both preterm cohorts. Multivariate analysis of perinatal and environmental factors showed daycare, breastfeeding, higher parental educational level, and absence of severe neonatal morbidity to be associated with a lower risk of altered neurodevelopment at preschool age.
  
  
  
  Placenta-related IUGR does not have a significant impact on preschool neurodevelopment in our preterm patients. Instead, post-natal positive environmental factors such as parental educational level, breastfeeding, and daycare attendance make a difference towards an improvement in neurodevelopment in these infants.
authors.affiliation: a Vall d'hebrón Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d'hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain .|b Department of Paediatrics, Neonatology Unit , Vall d'hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain .|c Maternal and Child Health and Development Network (SAMID) RD12/0026, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona , Spain .
authors.forename: Júlia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Candel-Pau
authors.affiliation: b Department of Paediatrics, Neonatology Unit , Vall d'hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain .|c Maternal and Child Health and Development Network (SAMID) RD12/0026, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona , Spain .
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perapoch López
authors.affiliation: b Department of Paediatrics, Neonatology Unit , Vall d'hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain .|c Maternal and Child Health and Development Network (SAMID) RD12/0026, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona , Spain .
authors.forename: Félix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Castillo Salinas
authors.affiliation: a Vall d'hebrón Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d'hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain .|c Maternal and Child Health and Development Network (SAMID) RD12/0026, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona , Spain .|d Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Centre for Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain .
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sánchez Garcia
authors.affiliation: e USMIB (Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Biomèdica), Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Vall d'hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain , and.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pérez Hoyos
authors.affiliation: c Maternal and Child Health and Development Network (SAMID) RD12/0026, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona , Spain .|d Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Centre for Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain .|f Department of Obstetrics, Maternal-Foetal Medicine Unit , Vall d'hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Llurba Olivé
mesh_terms: D001942:Breast Feeding; D002656:Child Day Care Centers; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000254:growth & development*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011181:Postnatal Care; D011247:Pregnancy
keywords: Environmental factors; intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR); neurodevelopment; placenta-related; prematurity