title: Impact of portal hemodynamics on Doppler ultrasonography for predicting decompensation and long-term outcomes in patients with cirrhosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Significance of portal hemodynamics for non-invasive marker of cirrhosis remains unclear. The aim was to determine the value of portal hemodynamics on Doppler ultrasound for predicting decompensation and prognosis in cirrhosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study comprised 236 cirrhotic patients (132 males, 104 females; age 63.7 ± 11.3 years; 110 compensated, 126 decompensated). Clinical data, including Doppler findings, were analyzed with respect to decompensation and prognosis. The median follow-up period was 33.2 months (0.1-95.4).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-three patients developed clinical decompensation, 13 patients received liver transplantation, and 71 died. Higher model for end-stage liver disease score (p < 0.001) at baseline was the significant factor for the presence of decompensation. Higher alanine transaminase (p = 0.020), lower albumin (p = 0.002) and lower mean velocity in the portal trunk (p = 0.038) were significant factors for developing decompensation (best cut-off value: Alanine transaminase > 31 IU/L, albumin < 3.6 g/dL, and portal trunk < 12.8 cm/s). The cumulative incidence of decompensation was higher in patients with portal trunk < 12.8 cm/s (22.5% at 1 year, 71.2% at 5 years) than those without (6.9% at 1 year, 35.4% at 5 years; p < 0.001). The significant prognostic factors were hepatocellular carcinoma (p = 0.036) and lower albumin (p = 0.008) for compensated patients, and reversed portal flow (p = 0.028), overt ascites (p < 0.001), and higher bilirubin (p < 0.001) for decompensated patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Portal hemodynamics offer a non-invasive marker for decompensation and prognosis of cirrhosis, suggesting a future direction for practical management.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology , Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine , Chuou-ku , Chiba , Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: a Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology , Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine , Chuou-ku , Chiba , Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.affiliation: a Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology , Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine , Chuou-ku , Chiba , Japan.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sekimoto
authors.affiliation: a Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology , Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine , Chuou-ku , Chiba , Japan.
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.affiliation: a Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology , Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine , Chuou-ku , Chiba , Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology , Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine , Chuou-ku , Chiba , Japan.
authors.forename: Hidehiro
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okugawa
authors.affiliation: a Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology , Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine , Chuou-ku , Chiba , Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yokosuka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D001201:Ascites / Q000209:etiology; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications*; D018450:Disease Progression; D058625:End Stage Liver Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler
chemical_list: D012709:Serum Albumin; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D001663:Bilirubin
keywords: Compensated cirrhosis; Doppler ultrasound; decompensated cirrhosis; portal hemodynamics