title: Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Two Omani Children with Underlying Renal Diseases.
abstract: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological condition with a combination of clinical and radiological features. Clinical symptoms include headaches, confusion, seizures, disturbed vision or an altered level of consciousness. Classic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings indicate subcortical and cortical oedema, affecting mainly the posterior cerebral region. We report two paediatric cases of PRES with underlying renal diseases presenting at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital in Muscat, Oman, in April 2010 and August 2011. The first case was an 11-year-old girl diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus and the second was a six-and-a-half-year-old boy on peritoneal dialysis due to multi-drug-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Both patients were hypertensive and treated with blood pressure control medications. No residual neurological dysfunction was noted in the patients at a one-year follow-up and at discharge, respectively. The role of hypertension in paediatric PRES cases, among other important risk factors, is emphasised. Additionally, MRI is an important diagnostic and prognostic tool. Prompt diagnosis and aggressive management is fundamental to preventing permanent neurological damage.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: El-Naggari
authors.affiliation: Departments of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Al-Nabhani
authors.affiliation: Departments of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
authors.forename: Ibtisam
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: El-Nour
authors.affiliation: Radiology & Molecular Imaging, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
authors.forename: Alaa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Manzalawy
authors.affiliation: Departments of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
authors.forename: Anas-Alwogud A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Abdelmogheth
keywords: Case Report; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Oman; Pediatrics; Peritoneal Dialysis; Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus