title: Presurgical Assessment of the Sensorimotor Cortex Using Resting-State fMRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The functional characterization of the motor cortex is an important issue in the presurgical evaluation of brain lesions. fMRI noninvasively identifies motor areas while patients are asked to move different body parts. This task-based approach has some drawbacks in clinical settings: long scanning times and exclusion of patients with severe functional or neurologic disabilities and children. Resting-state fMRI can avoid these difficulties because patients do not perform any goal-directed tasks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen patients with diverse brain pathologies were prospectively evaluated by using task-based and resting-state fMRI to localize sensorimotor function. Independent component analyses were performed to generate spatial independent components reflecting functional brain networks or noise. Three radiologists identified the motor components and 3 portions of the motor cortex corresponding to the hand, foot, and face representations. Selected motor independent components were compared with task-based fMRI activation maps resulting from movements of the corresponding body parts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The motor cortex was successfully and consistently identified by using resting-state fMRI by the 3 radiologists for all patients. When they subdivided the motor cortex into 3 segments, the sensitivities of resting-state and task-based fMRI were comparable. Moreover, we report a good spatial correspondence with the task-based fMRI activity estimates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resting-state fMRI can reliably image sensorimotor function in a clinical preoperative routine. It is a promising opportunity for presurgical localization of sensorimotor function and has the potential to benefit a large number of patients affected by a wide range of pathologies.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (F.C.S., M.P., F.-G.B., C.B.) Thrombosis Research Group EA 3065 (F.C.S., F.-G.B., C.B.) fabien.schneider@univ-st-etienne.fr.
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (F.C.S., M.P., F.-G.B., C.B.).
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pailler
authors.affiliation: Neurology (I.F.) Central Integration of Pain Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1028 (I.F.), Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Faillenot
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery (F.V.), University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France Image-Guided Clinical Neurosciences and Connectomics EA 7282 (F.V.), Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vassal
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery (J.G.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guyotat
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (F.C.S., M.P., F.-G.B., C.B.) Thrombosis Research Group EA 3065 (F.C.S., F.-G.B., C.B.).
authors.forename: F-G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Barral
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (F.C.S., M.P., F.-G.B., C.B.) Thrombosis Research Group EA 3065 (F.C.S., F.-G.B., C.B.).
authors.forename: C
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9850-4124
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boutet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D066191:Sensorimotor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*