title: Adult Behavior in Male Mice Exposed to E-Cigarette Nicotine Vapors during Late Prenatal and Early Postnatal Life.
abstract: METHODS
  Timed-pregnant C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 2.4% nicotine in propylene glycol (PG) or 0% nicotine /PG once a day from gestational day 15 until delivery. After delivery, offspring and mothers were exposed to E-cigarette vapors for an additional 14 days from postnatal day 2 through 16. Following their last exposure serum cotinine levels were measured in female juvenile mice. Male mice underwent behavioral testing at 14 weeks of age to assess sensorimotor, affective, and cognitive functional domains.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adult male mice exposed to 2.4% nicotine/PG E-cigarette vapors had significantly more head dips in the zero maze test and higher levels of rearing activity in the open field test compared to 0% nicotine/PG exposed mice and untreated controls. In the water maze test after reversal training, the 2.4% nicotine/PG mice spent more than 25% of time in the new location whereas the other groups did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adult male mice exhibited increased levels of activity in the zero maze and open field tests when exposed to E-cigarette vapor containing nicotine during late prenatal and early postnatal life. These findings indicate that nicotine exposure from E-cigarettes may cause persistent behavioral changes when exposure occurs during a period of rapid brain growth.
authors.affiliation: Neurogenetics and Behavior Center, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Dani
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aherrera
authors.affiliation: Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Enid
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Neptune
authors.affiliation: Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, Illinois, United States of America; Division of General Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jonathan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Winickoff
authors.affiliation: Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, Illinois, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lazarus
authors.affiliation: Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America; Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, Illinois, United States of America.
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Collaco
authors.affiliation: Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America; Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, Illinois, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sharon A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: McGrath-Morrow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D003367:Cotinine / Q000097:blood; D066300:Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009538:Nicotine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012677:Sensation / Q000187:drug effects; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine; D003367:Cotinine