title: Efficacy of air polishing for the non-surgical treatment of peri-implant diseases: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In patients suffering from peri-implant diseases, what is the efficacy of air polishing on changing signs of inflammation compared with control treatments (i.e. alternative measures for plaque removal with or without adjunctive antiseptic and/ or antibiotic therapy)?
  
  
  METHODS
  After electronic database and hand search, 10 full-text articles were independently screened by two reviewers. Finally, a total of five studies (six publications) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The weighted mean difference (WMD) [p; 95% CI] in bleeding on probing- (BOP) (primary outcome) and probing pocket depth- (PD) reductions was estimated using a random effect model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All studies reported on residual BOP scores after therapy. A narrative data synthesis did not reveal any major improvement of bleeding index/ BOP or disease resolution following air polishing over mechanical debridement at mucositis sites. At peri-implantitis sites, WMD in BOP reduction between test and control (mechanical debridement with or without local antiseptic therapy, Er:YAG laser) groups was -23.83% [p = 0.048; 95% CI (-47.47, -0.20)] favouring air polishing over control measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While glycine powder air polishing is as effective as the control treatments at mucositis sites, it may improve the efficacy of non-surgical treatment of peri-implantitis over the control measures investigated. A complete disease resolution was commonly not obtained.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden.|Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden.|School of Dental Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Renvert
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D015921:Dental Implants; D006801:Humans; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000628:therapy*; D057747:Periodontal Debridement; D010512:Periodontal Index
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: air abrasion; clinical studies; peri-implant mucositis; peri-implantitis; systematic review