title: Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Early Diagnosis and Seasonal Monitoring in the Sewage Treatment Process by EMA-qPCR Method.
abstract: Numerous studies have recently shown that molecular biology tools can allow for early diagnosis of pathogens and can substitute existing cost and time-taking traditional methods. One of them, the qPCR, is successfully used in microbiology and its utility has been assessed for many different biological materials. The aim of this study was to: 1) determine, optimize and apply qPCR as a method to detect Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in primary influents and final effluents from municipal wastewater treatment plant 2) define if addition of ethidium bromide monoazide (EMA) before DNA extraction can allow to distinguish between alive and dead bacteria, 3) quantify E. coli and Salmonella spp. in wastewater during four seasons by qPCR and traditional spread plate method and determine the correlation between the indicator and pathogenic microorganisms. The obtained results has shown that qPCR can be used as a quantitative method in the diagnosis of investigated bacteria in wastewater with EMA pretreatment as a crucial step for a proper quantitative analysis of the presence of these bacteria in wastewater. Both E. coli and Salmonella spp. bacteria species were present in all samples of primary influents and final effluents. Our study shown that the quantity of investigated bacteria is strictly correlated with the season that they were obtained in.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kacprzak
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fijałkowski
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grobelak
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rosikoń
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rorat
mesh_terms: D001386:Azides / Q000737:chemistry*; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012621:Seasons; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D062065:Wastewater
chemical_list: D001386:Azides; D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater; C014535:8-azidoethidium