title: Evolving spectrum of HIV-associated rheumatic syndromes.
abstract: At the end of 2013, 35 million people worldwide were infected with HIV. The prognosis of HIV has been transformed by combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Providing compliance is good, the use of cART has normalised the life expectancy of HIV-infected people leading to a growing population of people with chronic infection. Management of HIV patients has therefore needed to adapt in order to not only control viral activity but also manage long-term complications of HIV and cART. Rheumatological manifestations of HIV were first described in 1989. Since then, there have been case reports, case series and epidemiological studies describing different clinical manifestations of HIV in the musculoskeletal system. This review will encompass musculoskeletal pain, fibromyalgia, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and inflammatory arthritis in HIV. We will aim to report on the prevalence of these conditions and the risk factors, explore the impact of the virus on the clinical presentations and discuss implications for diagnosis and management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.affiliation: Arthritis Research-UK/MRC Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK. Electronic address: kwb@mrc.soton.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Walker-Bone
mesh_terms: D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000175:diagnosis; D015995:Prevalence; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Fibromyalgia; Inflammatory arthritis; Pain; Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)