title: Main meal frequency measures in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study: agreement with 7-day 24-h recalls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate agreement between questionnaire-based frequency measures from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (HBSC) and 7-day 24-h recall measures of breakfast, lunch and evening meals among 11-15-year-olds, and examine whether disagreement between the two methods varied by socio-demographic factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  In one week 11-15-year-old Danish students completed HBSC questionnaires including meal frequency items. The following week they completed daily 24-h recall questionnaire about their meals (response rate 88.4 %, n = 412).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Good to moderate agreement for the breakfast measure: per cent agreement 0.70-0.87, kappa 0.43-0.65. Fair agreement for the lunch measure: per cent agreement 0.53-0.84, kappa 0.26-0.54. High per cent agreement for the evening meal measure (0.83-0.95) but poor kappa agreement (0.14-0.19). Being immigrant predicted disagreement between the two methods for week day breakfast OR (95 % CI) 2.17 (1.16-4.04) and lunch 2.44 (1.33-4.48).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found good to moderate agreement between frequency and 7-day 24-h recall measures for breakfast, a fair agreement for lunch and for evening meal the two agreement methods provided different results. Migration status predicted disagreement between the two methods.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark. Tppe@niph.dk.
authors.forename: Trine Pagh
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark. Bho@niph.dk.
authors.forename: Bjørn E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Holstein
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark. Bla@niph.dk.
authors.forename: Bjarne
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Laursen
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark. Mera@niph.dk.
authors.forename: Mette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003718:Denmark; D015930:Diet Records; D004034:Diet Surveys / Q000379:methods*; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D011634:Public Health; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: 24-h recall measures; Adolescents; Agreement; Frequency measures; Main meal frequency