title: Psoriasis and Diabetes: A Multicenter Study in 222078 Type 2 Diabetes Patients Reveals High Levels of Depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the association between psoriasis and disease outcome in type 2 diabetes (T2D).
  
  
  METHODS
  222078 T2D patients (≥10 years old) from the prospective, multicenter diabetes patient registry were analyzed. Specific search items were used to identify psoriasis patients. Multiple regression models were fitted and adjusted for demographic confounder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  232 T2D patients had comorbid psoriasis. After adjusting psoriasis patients revealed a higher BMI (31.8 [31.0; 32.6] versus 30.6 [30.5; 30.6] kg/m2, p = 0.004) and HbA1c (64.8 [62.1; 67.6] versus 59.0 [58.9; 59.1] mmol/mol, p < 0.0001). Insulin was used more frequently (62.3 [55.7; 68.5] versus 50.9 [50.7; 51.1] %, p = 0.001), only OAD/GLP-1 was similar, and nonpharmacological treatment was less common (13.3 [9.5; 18.3] versus 21.9 [21.7; 22.1] %, p = 0.002). Severe hypoglycemia (0.31 [0.238; 0.399] versus 0.06 [0.057; 0.060] events per patient-year, p < 0.0001), hypertension (86.1 [81.1; 90.0] versus 68.0 [67.8; 68.2] %, p < 0.0001), and thyroid disease (14.0 [10.1; 19.2] versus 4.6 [4.5; 4.7] %, p < 0.0001) were more prevalent. Depression occurred more often (10.5 [7.1; 15.2] versus 2.8 [2.7; 2.8] %, p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical diabetes characteristics in psoriasis T2D patients were clearly worse compared to patients without psoriasis. Comorbid conditions and depression were more prevalent, and more intensive diabetes therapy was required.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Central Institute for Biomedical Technology, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 41, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schwandt
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bergis
authors.affiliation: Medical Clinic, Health Center Spaichingen, Diabetes Center, Hospital District Tuttlingen, Robert Koch Straße 31, 78549 Spaichingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Albrecht
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dapp
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Linz, Krankenhausstraße 9, 4021 Linz, Austria.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ebner
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Hospital Paul Gerhardt Stift, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Paul-Gerhardt-Straße 42-45, 06886 Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Jehle
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Center HELIOS Hildesheim, Senator-Braun-Allee 33, 31135 Hildesheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Köppen
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Clinical Center Dortmund GmbH, Beurhausstraße 40, 44137 Dortmund, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Risse
authors.affiliation: Department of General Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, HELIOS Clinic Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19049 Schwerin, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zimny
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Central Institute for Biomedical Technology, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 41, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Reinhard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Holl
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human