title: 3D super-resolved in vitro multiphoton microscopy by saturation of excitation.
abstract: We demonstrate a significant resolution enhancement beyond the conventional limit in multiphoton microscopy (MPM) using saturated excitation of fluorescence. Our technique achieves super-resolved imaging by temporally modulating the excitation laser-intensity and demodulating the higher harmonics from the saturated fluorescence signal. The improvement of the lateral and axial resolutions is measured on a sample of fluorescent microspheres. While the third harmonic already provides an enhanced resolution, we show that a further improvement can be obtained with an appropriate linear combination of the demodulated harmonics. Finally, we present in vitro imaging of fluorescent microspheres incorporated in HeLa cells to show that this technique performs well in biological samples.
authors.forename: Anh Dung
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Duport
authors.forename: Arno
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bouwens
authors.forename: Frédérique
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vanholsbeeck
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Egrise
authors.forename: Gaetan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van Simaeys
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Emplit
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: Simon-Pierre
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Gorza