title: Isolation and Functional Characterization of Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase-1 from Laurus nobilis L. (Bay Laurel) Fruits.
abstract: Bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) is an agriculturally important tree used in food, drugs, and the cosmetics industry. Many of the health beneficial properties of bay laurel are due to volatile terpene metabolites that they contain, including various norisoprenoids. Despite their importance, little is known about the norisoprenoid biosynthesis in Laurus nobilis fruits. We found that the volatile norisoprenoids 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, pseudoionone, and β-ionone accumulated in Laurus nobilis fruits in a pattern reflecting their carotenoid content. A full-length cDNA encoding a potential carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (LnCCD1) was isolated. The LnCCD1 gene was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and recombinant protein was assayed for its cleavage activity with an array of carotenoid substrates. The LnCCD1 protein was able to cleave a variety of carotenoids at the 9,10 (9',10') and 5,6 (5',6') positions to produce 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, pseudoionone, β-ionone, and α-ionone. Our results suggest a role for LnCCD1 in Laurus nobilis fruit flavor biosynthesis.
authors.affiliation: NeweYaar Research Center, Agriculture Research Organization , P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel.
authors.forename: Mosaab
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yahyaa
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University , P.O. Box 646340, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340, United States.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berim
authors.affiliation: NeweYaar Research Center, Agriculture Research Organization , P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel.
authors.forename: Tal
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Isaacson
authors.affiliation: NeweYaar Research Center, Agriculture Research Organization , P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel.
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marzouk
authors.affiliation: NeweYaar Research Center, Agriculture Research Organization , P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel.
authors.forename: Einat
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bar
authors.affiliation: NeweYaar Research Center, Agriculture Research Organization , P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Davidovich-Rikanati
authors.affiliation: NeweYaar Research Center, Agriculture Research Organization , P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel.
authors.forename: Efraim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lewinsohn
authors.affiliation: NeweYaar Research Center, Agriculture Research Organization , P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel.
authors.forename: Mwafaq
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ibdah
mesh_terms: D002338:Carotenoids / Q000378:metabolism; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D049308:Dioxygenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D027442:Laurus / Q000201:enzymology*; D045792:Norisoprenoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013649:Taste; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D045792:Norisoprenoids; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D002338:Carotenoids; D049308:Dioxygenases; C431939:carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1
keywords: 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one; Laurus nobilis; carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase-1; carotenoids; norisoprenoid; pseudoionone; α-ionone; β-ionone