title: A mechanically driven form of Kirigami as a route to 3D mesostructures in micro/nanomembranes.
abstract: Assembly of 3D micro/nanostructures in advanced functional materials has important implications across broad areas of technology. Existing approaches are compatible, however, only with narrow classes of materials and/or 3D geometries. This paper introduces ideas for a form of Kirigami that allows precise, mechanically driven assembly of 3D mesostructures of diverse materials from 2D micro/nanomembranes with strategically designed geometries and patterns of cuts. Theoretical and experimental studies demonstrate applicability of the methods across length scales from macro to nano, in materials ranging from monocrystalline silicon to plastic, with levels of topographical complexity that significantly exceed those that can be achieved using other approaches. A broad set of examples includes 3D silicon mesostructures and hybrid nanomembrane-nanoribbon systems, including heterogeneous combinations with polymers and metals, with critical dimensions that range from 100 nm to 30 mm. A 3D mechanically tunable optical transmission window provides an application example of this Kirigami process, enabled by theoretically guided design.
authors.affiliation: Center for Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory (AML), Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China;
authors.forename: Yihui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;
authors.forename: Kewang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;
authors.forename: Dongqing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;
authors.forename: Yuhao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208;
authors.forename: Haiwen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luan
authors.affiliation: Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208; Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China;
authors.forename: Haoran
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;
authors.forename: Xizhu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;
authors.forename: Qinglin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;
authors.forename: Jiechen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;
authors.forename: Hongzhi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Si
authors.affiliation: Center for Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory (AML), Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China;
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;
authors.forename: Lihen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;
authors.forename: Hejun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;
authors.forename: Juntong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;
authors.forename: Xuelin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208; Institute of Applied Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China;
authors.forename: Hongying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208; Institute of Chemical Machinery and Process Equipment, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China;
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208; jrogers@illinois.edu y-huang@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Yonggang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801; Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 jrogers@illinois.edu y-huang@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rogers
keywords: Kirigami; buckling; membranes; three-dimensional assembly