title: Real-time monitoring of 3D cell culture using a 3D capacitance biosensor.
abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures have recently received attention because they represent a more physiologically relevant environment compared to conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. However, 2D-based imaging techniques or cell sensors are insufficient for real-time monitoring of cellular behavior in 3D cell culture. Here, we report investigations conducted with a 3D capacitance cell sensor consisting of vertically aligned pairs of electrodes. When GFP-expressing human breast cancer cells (GFP-MCF-7) encapsulated in alginate hydrogel were cultured in a 3D cell culture system, cellular activities, such as cell proliferation and apoptosis at different heights, could be monitored non-invasively and in real-time by measuring the change in capacitance with the 3D capacitance sensor. Moreover, we were able to monitor cell migration of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) with our 3D capacitance sensor.
authors.affiliation: Nanomedical Graduate Program, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sun-Mi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Nalae
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Center for Nano-Bio Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 305-340, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Rimi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In-Hong
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Beom
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jsshin6203@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Jeon-Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Nanomedical Graduate Program, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea; Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: khyoo@yonsei.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kyung-Hwa
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yoo
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003199:Computer Systems; D003217:Conductometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D025802:Electric Capacitance; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation*
keywords: Apoptosis; Capacitance sensor; Migration; Proliferation; Real-time monitoring; Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture