title: Long-term complications of urinary diversion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radical cystectomy and urinary diversion remains the cornerstone in surgical management of patients with muscle-invasive or high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer. This approach has been associated with remarkable increase in patient survival and more patients are now living for years after surgery who may present with long-term complications. This review describes long-term complications associated with urinary diversion including renal function deterioration, voiding dysfunction, stoma and bowel-related complications, ureteroenteric stricture, metabolic disorders, and infectious complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall complication rate reported in recent large studies assessing long-term complications of urinary diversion is as high as 60%. Stoma-related complications followed by urinary tract infections are among the most common complications. Some of these complications may occur years after surgery; therefore, long-term follow-up of patients with urinary diversion is of utmost importance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term regular follow-up is imperative in patients with urinary diversion as nonfatal complications may occur years after surgery.
authors.affiliation: aUro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran bNorris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Erfan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Amini
authors.forename: Hooman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Djaladat
mesh_terms: D015653:Cystectomy; D006801:Humans; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014547:Urinary Diversion / Q000009:adverse effects*