title: Screening for Differentially Expressed Proteins Relevant to the Differential Diagnosis of Sarcoidosis and Tuberculosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study, we sought to identify differentially expressed proteins in the serum of patients with sarcoidosis or tuberculosis and to evaluate these proteins as markers for the differential diagnosis of sarcoidosis and sputum-negative tuberculosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using protein microarrays, we identified 3 proteins exhibiting differential expression between patients with sarcoidosis and tuberculosis. Elevated expression of these proteins was verified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and was further confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, logistic regression analysis, parallel, and serial tests were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the proteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1(ICAM-1) and leptin were screened for differentially expressed proteins relevant to sarcoidosis and tuberculosis. Using ROC curves, we found that ICAM-1 (cutoff value: 57740 pg/mL) had an area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of 0.718, 62.3%, and 79.5% respectively, while leptin (cutoff value: 1193.186 pg/mL) had an AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.763, 88.3%, and 65.8%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of combined leptin and ICAM-1 were 0.787, 89.6%, and 65.8%, respectively, while those of combined leptin, ICAM-1, and body mass index (BMI) were 0.837, 90.9%, and 64.4%, respectively, which had the greatest diagnostic value. Parallel and serial tests indicated that the BMI-leptin parallel with the ICAM-1 serial was the best diagnostic method, achieving a sensitivity and specificity of 86.5% and 73.1%, respectively. Thus, our results identified elevated expression of ICAM-1 and leptin in serum and granulomas of sarcoidosis patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICAM-1 and leptin were found to be potential markers for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis and differential diagnosis of sarcoidosis and sputum-negative tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Shan-Shan
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Meng-Meng
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chest Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Liu-Sheng
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qiu-Hong
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Kui
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Soochow University, School of Medicine, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Soochow University, School of Medicine, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhao-Fang
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ya-Ru
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000097:blood*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020738:Leptin; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1