title: Activity-Directed Synthesis with Intermolecular Reactions: Development of a Fragment into a Range of Androgen Receptor Agonists.
abstract: Activity-directed synthesis (ADS), a novel discovery approach in which bioactive molecules emerge in parallel with associated syntheses, was exploited to develop a weakly binding fragment into novel androgen receptor agonists. Harnessing promiscuous intermolecular reactions of carbenoid compounds enabled highly efficient exploration of chemical space. Four substrates were prepared, yet exploited in 326 reactions to explore diverse chemical space; guided by bioactivity alone, the products of just nine of the reactions were purified to reveal diverse novel agonists with up to 125-fold improved activity. Remarkably, one agonist stemmed from a novel enantioselective transformation; this is the first time that an asymmetric reaction has been discovered solely on the basis of the biological activity of the product. It was shown that ADS is a significant addition to the lead generation toolkit, enabling the efficient and rapid discovery of novel, yet synthetically accessible, bioactive chemotypes.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT (UK).
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karageorgis
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT (UK).
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dow
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT (UK).
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aimon
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT (UK). s.l.warriner@leeds.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Warriner
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT (UK). a.s.nelson@leeds.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D001391:Azo Compounds; D011944:Receptors, Androgen
keywords: activity-directed synthesis; agonists; bioactive molecules; carbenoids; reaction discovery