title: The pattern of amyloid accumulation in the brains of adults with Down syndrome.
abstract: Adults with Down syndrome (DS) invariably develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology. Understanding amyloid deposition in DS can yield crucial information about disease pathogenesis.
  
  
  
  Forty-nine adults with DS aged 25-65 underwent positron emission tomography with Pittsburgh compound-B (PIB). Regional PIB binding was assessed with respect to age, clinical, and cognitive status.
  
  
  
  Abnormal PIB binding became evident from 39 years, first in striatum followed by rostral prefrontal-cingulo-parietal regions, then caudal frontal, rostral temporal, primary sensorimotor and occipital, and finally parahippocampal cortex, thalamus, and amygdala. PIB binding was related to age, diagnostic status, and cognitive function.
  
  
  
  PIB binding in DS, first appearing in striatum, began around age 40 and was strongly associated with dementia and cognitive decline. The absence of a substantial time lag between amyloid accumulation and cognitive decline contrasts to sporadic/familial AD and suggests this population's suitability for an amyloid primary prevention trial.
authors.affiliation: Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Electronic address: ta337@medschl.cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Tiina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Annus
authors.affiliation: Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Liam R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Young T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Acosta-Cabronero
authors.affiliation: Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Tim D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Fryer
authors.affiliation: German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cardenas-Blanco
authors.affiliation: Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Istvan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Boros
authors.affiliation: Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Jonathan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Coles
authors.affiliation: Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Franklin I
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Aigbirhio
authors.affiliation: Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.affiliation: Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Fulbourn Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Shahid H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Zaman
authors.affiliation: German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Nestor
authors.affiliation: Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Fulbourn Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Holland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D000682:Amyloid / Q000378:metabolism*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals
chemical_list: D000682:Amyloid; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid; Dementia; Down syndrome; PET; PIB; Preclinical; Striatum