title: Hot spleen: hypervascular lesions of the spleen.
abstract: The differential diagnosis of splenic masses is broad and often hinges on the enhancement characteristics of the lesions. Most radiologists are familiar with the differential diagnosis of hypovascular lesions such as fungal infections, sarcoidosis/granulomatous disease, infarctions, and cysts. However, to our knowledge, there is no review article that presents the specific multimodality imaging features of vascular splenic lesions as a group. Vascular splenic lesions may be considered those that enhance more or similarly to the background splenic parenchyma. In this review, we illustrate the spectrum of imaging features of both benign and malignant vascular splenic lesions. The benign lesions include hemangiomas, hamartomas, and sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen. The malignant lesions are divided into primary and metastatic lesions, ranging from lymphoma, angiosarcoma to pleomorphic sarcoma. While lymphoma and metastases may commonly present as hypoenhancing lesions relative to the background parenchyma, we are addressing them here as their appearance can be varied and hence deserve consideration. Littoral Cell angiomas are discussed separately, as they were originally considered benign, but recent studies have shown that they can have malignant potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. mbowerso@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Michyla
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bowerson
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Christine O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Menias
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Kristen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.affiliation: Health Time Group, Clinica Las Nieves, Carmelo Torres 2, 23007, Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luna
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Motoyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Kumar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sandrasegaran
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Kuma
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sandrasegaran
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Khaled M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Elsayes
authors.forename: Khaled
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Elsayes
mesh_terms: D006222:Hamartoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D051642:Histiocytoma / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D009383:Neoplasms, Vascular Tissue / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013154:Spleen / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology*; D013158:Splenic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*
keywords: Hypervascular lesion; Mass; Spleen; Splenic