title: Influence of Cdp-Choline Administration on Early Burn Edema in Rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway may play an important role in early burn edema. Therefore, we evaluated the influence of cdp-choline on early systemic burn edema and leukocyte activation in shock in rat mesenteries after burn plasma transfer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Burn plasma harvested from donor rats 4 hours after thermal injury (30% total body surface area, 100°C water, 12 seconds) was administered intravenously to healthy animals during 2 hours of intravital microscopy. Shamburn plasma (same procedure but water at 37°C) was transferred for negative controls. In the study group, bolus injection of 100 mg/kg body weight cdp-choline was undertaken 15 minutes before examination. Intravital microscopy was performed in the ileal portion of rat mesenteries at 0, 60, and 120 minutes. Capillary leakage was assessed by fluorescein isothiocyanate-albumin extravasation and leukocyte-endothelial interaction were observed via transillumination microscopy. To assure comparable hemodynamic conditions, microhemodynamic parameters, foremost venular wall shear rate, were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Capillary leakage increased significantly after burn plasma transfer when compared to the shamburn group. Additional intravenous administration of cdp-choline attenuates macromolecular efflux to shamburn levels. Leukocyte activation is reduced after cdp-choline treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The significant increase of albumin efflux in rat mesenteries after burn plasma transfer is decreased by additional cdp-choline bolus administration. Further investigations for proof of the relevance of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in early burn trauma are strongly required.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Heidelberg Hand and Plastic Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jochen Frederick
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Hernekamp
authors.forename: Sissi Xi
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Volker Jürgen
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vogelpohl
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kneser
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kremer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002056:Burns / Q000150:complications*; D018678:Cholinergic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003566:Cytidine Diphosphate Choline / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018678:Cholinergic Agents; D003566:Cytidine Diphosphate Choline