title: Nebulized Tranexamic Acid as a Noninvasive Therapy for Cancer-Related Hemoptysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many patients with cancer involving the respiratory system suffer from the frequent recurrence of significant, submassive hemoptysis, which may result in invasive procedures, hospital stays, and a reduction in quality of life. Currently, there are no widely accepted noninvasive therapeutic options. Few case studies have looked at the benefit of tranexamic acid (TXA) as a noninvasive therapy in the treatment of hemoptysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A patient with an invasive airway malignancy presented to the emergency department with substantial hemoptysis. A nebulized TXA solution was used as a noninvasive therapy to control the hemorrhage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient's hemoptysis resolved fifteen minutes after the nebulized TXA therapy was initiated. There were no known adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nebulized TXA seems to be a safe, effective, and noninvasive method for controlling, or at least temporizing, hemoptysis in select patients. Nebulized TXA may be useful as a palliative therapy for chronic hemoptysis and as a tool in the acute stabilization of hemoptysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hankerson
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Raffetto
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: William K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Mallon
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Jan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Shoenberger
mesh_terms: D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006469:Hemoptysis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods*; D014148:Tranexamic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents; D014148:Tranexamic Acid