title: Detection and characterization of enteroviruses and parechoviruses in healthy people living in the South of Côte d'Ivoire.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human enteroviruses (EVs) and parechoviruses (HPeVs) belong to the family Picornaviridae. Although most EV and HPeV infections remain asymptomatic, both pathogens can cause a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms to myocarditis, neonatal sepsis, and infections of the central nervous system.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Aim of the present study was to investigate the spectrum of EVs and HPeVs in apparently healthy adults and children living in the South of Côte d'Ivoire.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 105 stool samples obtained from healthy individuals aged 0-53 years between June 2013 and December 2014 in the Sud-Como region of Côte d'Ivoire. After collection and shipment to Germany, the samples were analyzed by real-time PCR for the presence of EVs and HPeVs RNA. Molecular typing and virus isolation of all samples were performed.''é
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 105 samples, 24 (22.8%) were EV positive and six (5.2%) were HPeV positive. Twenty-one EV positive samples could be characterized with serotypes belonging to EV group A-C, while three could not be further specified. Interestingly, several rarely described serotypes were identified, e.g., EV-C99, EV-B93, EV-C116, and EV-A119. Typing of HPeV positive samples resulted in HPeV-1 and -5 detections, while one isolate could not be assigned to the known HPeV types.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed a large variety of EV strains in healthy people in the South of Côte d'Ivoire and provided the first available data about HPeV infections in a sub-Saharan African country.
authors.forename: Veronica Di
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Cristanziano
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. Electronic address: veronica.di-cristanziano@uk-koeln.de.
authors.forename: Di Cristanziano
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Veronica
authors.forename: Sindy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Böttcher
authors.affiliation: National Reference Centre for Poliomyelitis and Enteroviruses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Böttcher
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sindy
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diedrich
authors.affiliation: National Reference Centre for Poliomyelitis and Enteroviruses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Diedrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sabine
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Timmen-Wego
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Timmen-Wego
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Monika
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Knops
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Knops
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Elena
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lübke
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Lübke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nadine
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Kaiser
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rolf
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pfister
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Pfister
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Herbert
authors.forename: Yolande
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaboré
authors.affiliation: Centre Don Orione Pour Handicapés Physiques, Bonoua, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: Kaboré
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yolande
authors.affiliation: Centre Don Orione Pour Handicapés Physiques, Bonoua, Côte d'Ivoire; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: D'Alfonso
authors.forename: D'Alfonso
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rossella
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D007560:Cote d'Ivoire / Q000453:epidemiology; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D058889:Molecular Typing; D030061:Parechovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Côte d’Ivoire; Human enteroviruses; Human parechoviruses; Sub-Saharan Africa