title: Solid-state fermentation as a potential technique for esterase/lipase production by halophilic archaea.
abstract: Halophilic archaea are extremophiles, adapted to high-salt environments, showing a big biotechnological potential as enzyme, lipids and pigments producers. Four inert supports (perlite, vermiculite, polyurethane foam and glass fiber) were employed for solid-state fermentation (SSF) of the halophilic archaeon Natronococcus sp. TC6 to investigate biomass and esterase production. A very low esterase activity and high water activity were observed when perlite, vermiculite and polyurethane were used as supports. When glass fiber was employed, an important moisture loss was observed (8.6%). Moreover, moisture retention was improved by mixing polyurethane and glass fiber, resulting in maximal biomass and esterase production. Three halophilic archaea: Natronococcus sp. TC6, Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 and Haloarcula marismortui were cultured by submerged fermentation (SmF) and by SSF; an improvement of 1.3- to 6.2-fold was observed in the biomass and esterase production when SSF was used. Growth was not homogeneous in the mixture, but was predominant in the glass fiber thus was probably because the glass fiber provides a holder to the cells, while the polyurethane acts as an impregnation medium reservoir. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first report on haloarchaea cultivation by SSF aiming biomass and esterase/lipase activity production.
authors.affiliation: Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Av. Normalistas No. 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martin del Campo
authors.affiliation: Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Av. Normalistas No. 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rosa M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.affiliation: Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Av. Normalistas No. 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mateos-Díaz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Müller-Santos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Córdova
authors.affiliation: Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Av. Normalistas No. 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. jrodriguez@ciatej.mx.
authors.forename: Jorge A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
mesh_terms: D019843:Archaeal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018533:Biomass; D004950:Esterases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D006216:Halobacteriaceae / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D007218:Industrial Microbiology / Q000379:methods*; D008049:Lipase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019843:Archaeal Proteins; D004950:Esterases; D008049:Lipase
keywords: Esterases; Haloarcula marismourtui; Halobacterium salinarum; Halophilic archaea; Natronococcus sp.; Solid-state fermentation