title: Depression Following Spinal Cord Injury: Its Relationship to Demographic and Socioeconomic Indicators.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Depression is a common psychological problem that decreases life satisfaction and quality of life in people with spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depression after SCI and its association with pathophysiological, demographic, and socioeconomic factors, including sex, age, level of injury, financial status, and suicidal thoughts.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study of 134 adults (≥ 18 years old) with SCI who were referred to the Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center (BASIR) clinic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, for outpatient rehabilitation. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II Persian), a 21-question multiple-choice inventory, was used to measure the presence and severity of depression. Data were collected by interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-six (49.3%) participants had mild to severe depression. There was a higher probability of depression in individuals with SCI who were female, had tetraplegia, had suicidal thoughts, had a history of suicide attempt, had a low education level, or were taken cared for by a family member other than a spouse or parents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression was highly prevalent in individuals with SCI and was related to some demographic, pathophysiological, and socioeconomic indicators. The primary predictive indicators and the factors influencing depression should be determined to provide early detection and timely treatment to prevent more complications and improve quality of life for individuals with SCI.
authors.affiliation: Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Khazaeipour
authors.affiliation: Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Seyedeh-Mohadeseh
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Taheri-Otaghsara
authors.affiliation: Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naghdi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D009790:Occupations; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*
keywords: depression; education; gender; income; level of injury; occupation; socioeconomic; spinal cord injury