title: Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Kidney and Bladder with Loss of Heterozygosity and Changes in Chromosome 3 Copy Number.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) of the urological organs are observed occasionally, although simultaneous development in the kidney and blabber has not been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a case of a metastatic NEC of the kidney and bladder in a 77-year-old woman who underwent renal biopsy and transurethral resection of the bladder tumor. Pathological examination revealed NEC in the kidney and the bladder samples. Immunohistochemical examination revealed strongly positive staining for synaptophysin, chromogranin A, and CD56, and focally positive staining for cytokeratin AE 1/3 and Cam 5.2. Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed the increased chromosome 3 copy number, and loss of hybridization in 3q21, 5q22-23, 10q26, and 13q14 was detected when the tumor samples were compared with normal samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is a rare case of NEC-specific genetic abnormalities in a kidney-derived tumor, and is the first report to identify kidney-derived NEC that metastasized to the bladder via the urinary tract.
authors.affiliation: Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Keitaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.affiliation: Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamakawa
authors.affiliation: Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Umemoto
authors.affiliation: Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.affiliation: Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriyasu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.affiliation: Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tozawa
authors.affiliation: Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenjiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohri
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000235:genetics* / Q000556:secondary*; D002893:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity / Q000235:genetics*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000556:secondary*