title: Horn fly larval survival in cattle dung is reduced by endophyte infection of tall fescue pasture.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The potential for using endophytic microorganisms in pest control has increased during the last 40 years. In this study, we investigated the impact of endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum) infection of cattle pasture upon the survival of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans, a major agricultural pest affecting livestock in many parts of the world.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In laboratory assays, where cattle dung collected from endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue cultivar K-31 was used as the oviposition substrate, larval development was significantly reduced compared with development on cattle dung from steers that grazed uninfected (E-) tall fescue. Furthermore, studies with cattle dung supplemented with the alkaloid fraction extracted from the endophytic fungi revealed significant larval mortality, and HPLC analysis identified two alkaloids, peramine and lolitrem B. The development of larvae was shown to be significantly reduced in field-collected cattle dung. These results suggest that part of the toxicity of alkaloids contained in endophytes is transferred to faecal matter, causing an increase in mortality of H. irritans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that endophyte infection of cattle pasture, i.e. modified pasture management, can significantly affect horn fly development. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Parra
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mutis
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile.|Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chacón
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lizama
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Temuco, Chile.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Temuco, Chile.
authors.forename: Adrián
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Catrileo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rubilar
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
authors.forename: Gonzalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tortella
authors.affiliation: Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, UK.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Birkett
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quiroz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000469:parasitology*; D060026:Endophytes / Q000502:physiology*; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology*; D031751:Festuca / Q000382:microbiology*; D006999:Hypocreales / Q000502:physiology*; D007814:Larva / Q000502:physiology; D009117:Muscidae / Q000502:physiology*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods
keywords: Haematobia irritans; alkaloid; cattle; endophyte; mortality