title: Impact of a Brief Intervention for Substance Use on Acquisition of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Including HIV: Findings From an Urban Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic Population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Unhealthy substance use is associated with increased rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including HIV. The screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment strategy is effective at reducing substance use over time. We investigated whether STD clinic patients who received a brief intervention (BI) had lower rates of STD/HIV acquisition over time than those who did not.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective sample of 7665 patients who screened positive for substance abuse or dependence between May 1, 2008, and December 31, 2010, was matched with STD and HIV surveillance registries for a 1-year follow-up period to determine incidence of STD and HIV infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 44.6% (n = 3420) received BI; 7.0% of this population acquired a bacterial STD compared with 8.8% of persons who did not receive BI (P < 0.005). In multivariate analysis, BI had a protective effect against STD infection for men (odds ratio, 0.774; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63-0.96), after controlling for age, race/ethnicity, and sex of partner. There were 61 new HIV infections over the follow-up period; however, we found no significant association between BI and subsequent HIV diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brief intervention is associated with a reduction in STD incidence among men who screen positive for substance abuse and should be considered as an STD prevention strategy. Further study is needed to identify mechanisms through which BI may impact STD outcomes.
authors.affiliation: From the Bureaus of *STD Control and †Environmental Disease and Injury Prevention, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY; ‡School of Social Welfare, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY; §Bureau of Mental Health, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY; and ¶Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Meighan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cuoco
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blank
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D037001:Directive Counseling / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014505:Urban Population