title: Emerging roles of apoptotic microtubules during the execution phase of apoptosis.
abstract: Apoptosis is a genetically programmed energy-dependent process of cell demise, characterized by specific morphological and biochemical events in which the activation of caspases has an essential role. During apoptosis the cytoskeleton participates actively in characteristic morphological rearrangements of the dying cell. This reorganisation has been assigned mainly to actinomyosin ring contraction, while microtubule and intermediate filaments are depolymerized at early stages of apoptosis. However, recent reports have showed that microtubules are reformed during the execution phase of apoptosis organizing an apoptotic microtubule network (AMN). AMN is organized behind plasma membrane, forming a cortical structure. Apoptotic microtubules repolymerization takes place in many cell types and under different apoptotic inducers. It has been hypothesized that AMN is critical for maintaining plasma membrane integrity and cell morphology during the execution phase of apoptosis. AMN disorganization leads apoptotic cells to secondary necrosis and the release of potential toxic molecules which can damage neighbor cells and promotes inflammation. Therefore, AMN formation during physiological apoptosis or in pathological apoptosis induced by anti-cancer treatments is essential for tissue homeostasis and the prevention of additional cell damage and inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Centro Andaluz De Biología Del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo De Olavide-Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oropesa Ávila
authors.affiliation: Centro Andaluz De Biología Del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo De Olavide-Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernández Vega
authors.affiliation: Centro Andaluz De Biología Del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo De Olavide-Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garrido Maraver
authors.affiliation: Centro Andaluz De Biología Del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo De Olavide-Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Villanueva Paz
authors.affiliation: Centro Andaluz De Biología Del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo De Olavide-Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: De Lavera
authors.affiliation: Centro Andaluz De Biología Del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo De Olavide-Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De La Mata
authors.affiliation: Facultad De Odontología. Universidad De Sevilla, Sevilla, 41009, Spain.
authors.forename: Mario D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Cordero
authors.affiliation: Centro Andaluz De Biología Del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo De Olavide-Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.
authors.forename: Elizabet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alcocer Gómez
authors.affiliation: Centro Andaluz De Biología Del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo De Olavide-Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delgado Pavón
authors.affiliation: Centro Andaluz De Biología Del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo De Olavide-Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Álvarez Córdoba
authors.affiliation: Centro Andaluz De Biología Del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo De Olavide-Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cotán
authors.affiliation: Centro Andaluz De Biología Del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo De Olavide-Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Alcázar
mesh_terms: D000205:Actomyosin / Q000737:chemistry; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000737:chemistry; D017209:Apoptosis; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000502:physiology; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007382:Intermediate Filaments / Q000737:chemistry; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology; D008870:Microtubules / Q000502:physiology*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000205:Actomyosin; D020169:Caspases
keywords: actin; apoptosis; cytoskeleton; microtubules