title: [Lidocaine alleviates propofol related pain much better than metoprolol and nitroglycerin].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Injection pain after propofol administration is common and may disturb patients' comfort. The aim of this study was to compare effectiveness of intravenous (iv) nitroglycerin, lidocaine and metoprolol applied through the veins on the dorsum of hand or antecubital vein on eliminating propofol injection pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 147 patients and they were grouped according to the analgesic administered. Metoprolol (n=31, Group M), lidocaine (n=32, Group L) and nitroglycerin (n=29, Group N) were applied through iv catheter at dorsum hand vein or antecubital vein. Pain was evaluated by 4 point scale (0 - no pain, 1 - light pain, 2 - mild pain, 3 - severe pain) in 5, 10, 15 and 20th seconds. ASA, BMI, patient demographics, education level and the effect of pathways for injection and location of operations were analyzed for their effect on total pain score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences between the groups in terms of total pain score (p=0.981). There were no differences in terms of total pain score depending on ASA, education level, location of operation. However, lidocaine was more effective when compared with metoprolol (p=0.015) and nitroglycerin (p=0.001) among groups. Although neither lidocaine nor metoprolol had any difference on pain management when applied from antecubital or dorsal hand vein (p>0.05), nitroglycerin injection from antecubital vein had demonstrated statistically lower pain scores (p=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found lidocaine to be the most effective analgesic in decreasing propofol related pain. We therefore suggest iv lidocaine for alleviating propofol related pain at operations.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anestesiologia, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turquia.
authors.forename: Asutay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goktug
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anestesiologia, Kecioren Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turquia. Electronic address: handandrhandan@yahoo.com.tr.
authors.forename: Handan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gulec
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anestesiologia, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turquia.
authors.forename: Suna Akin
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Takmaz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anestesiologia, Zekai Tahir Burak Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turquia.
authors.forename: Esra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Turkyilmaz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anestesiologia, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turquia.
authors.forename: Hulya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Basar
keywords: Dor no local da injeção de propofol; Lidocaine; Lidocaína; Metoprolol; Nitroglicerina; Nitroglycerin; Propofol pain