title: Clinical Research Abstracts of the British Equine Veterinary Association Congress 2015.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an electrophysiological technique used to elicit motor evoked potentials (MMEPs) to evaluate the functional integrity of the descending motor fibres in the spinal cord. Successful application of the technique was reported in horses with spinal cord compression. However, limited data are available on the correlation of TMS with histopathological changes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine sensitivity of TMS for assessing the integrity of the spinal cord in horses with compressive lesions of the spinal cord.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted on 6 horses with spinal ataxia grade III-V/V admitted to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University. The horses underwent TMS, radiography of the cervical or thoracolumbar vertebral column, and myelography (4/6). All horses were subjected to euthanasia and the spinal cord examined histopathologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 5/6 horses MMEPs with abnormal onset latencies in both extensor carpi radialis muscles and cranial tibialis muscles were recorded, suggesting a cervical spinal cord lesion. Radiography revealed cervical vertebral malformation (4/5) with cervical vertebral canal stenosis (3/5) and tumour/osteomyelitis (1/5). In 1/6 horse MMEPs with normal onset latencies in extensor carpi radialis muscles and prolonged onset latencies in tibialis cranialis muscles were recorded, suggesting a thoracolumbar spinal cord lesion. Radiography revealed deformation of the 7th and 8th thoracic vertebrae. Myelography showed reduction in dural diameter and dorsal contrast column (4/4). Histopathological examination of the spinal cord confirmed compressive type lesions in all 6 horses with degenerative changes in the white matter of all funiculi, ballooning of myelin sheets, swollen axons, loss of axons and astroglial activation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this case series abnormal function of descending motor pathways as registered by TMS showed 100% sensitivity with the histopathological characteristics of compressive lesions in the spinal cord, but the number of horses is limited and further research is warranted. Ethical animal research: Research ethics committee oversight not currently required by this conference: the study was performed on material collected during clinical procedures. Explicit owner informed consent for participation in this study was not stated.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Not applicable. Competing interests: None declared.
authors.affiliation: Equine Hospital De Bosdreef, Moerbeke-Waas, Belgium.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vanschandevijl
authors.affiliation: Dierenartsenpraktijk Westhove, Belgium.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nollet
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic Lab Zoolyx, Belgium.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vercauteren
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ducatelle
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deprez