title: High protein intake in neonatal period induces glomerular hypertrophy and sclerosis in adulthood in rats born with IUGR.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and postnatal nutrition are risk factors for cardiovascular and renal diseases in both humans and animals. The long-term renal effects of protein intake early in life remain unknown. The objective was to evaluate the effects of a neonatal feeding with high protein (HP) milk on renal functions and structure in IUGR male rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maternal gestational low protein diet was used to produce IUGR. At day 5, IUGR pups were gastrostomized in the "pup-in-the cup" model and received either normal protein (NP) milk or HP (+50% protein content) milk until day 21. After weaning, the animals were fed the same standard diet. Renal functions and structure were assessed at postnatal day 18 (D18) and in adult offspring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the preweaning period, the postnatal weight gain between the two groups was unaffected. On D18, kidneys from HP offspring were heavier with significant glomerular hypertrophy (+40%, P < 0.05). HP diet was associated with significant proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis (+49%, P < 0.05). Glomerular number was unaltered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neonatal HP feeding following IUGR affects renal functions and structure at adulthood. These alterations may result from a single nephron glomerular hyperfiltration.
authors.affiliation: Equipe d'accueil 2193, Division of Neonatology, Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Farid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boubred
authors.affiliation: Institut national de la recherche agronomique, Université de Nantes UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Eloïse
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delamaire
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de biologie moléculaire, Assistance publique hôpitaix de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buffat
authors.affiliation: Equipe d'accueil 3281, Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.affiliation: Institut national de la recherche agronomique, Université de Nantes UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Clair-Yves
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6944-5372
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Boquien
authors.affiliation: Institut national de la recherche agronomique, Université de Nantes UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Darmaun
authors.affiliation: Developmental origins of health and disease Laboratory, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Simeoni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001724:Birth Weight; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted / Q000009:adverse effects; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005923:Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006984:Hypertrophy; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000473:pathology; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008892:Milk; D009399:Nephrons / Q000473:pathology; D044343:Overnutrition; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins