title: Sub-supercritical liquefaction of rice stalk for the production of bio-oil: Effect of solvents.
abstract: The effect of solvents (water and ethanol) on liquefaction characteristics of rice stalk (RS) was investigated in an autoclave. The highest conversion and liquid yield in water and ethanol were 84.95 wt%, 72.62 wt% and 78.93wt%, 63.84 wt%, respectively. FTIR and GC-MS of the bio-oils obtained from subcritical water (SubH2O, 300°C) and supercritical ethanol (scEtOH, 300°C) indicated that the behavior of RS liquefaction depended on solvents used. The major components of bio-oil produced in SubH2O were ketones and phenols, while esters and phenols dominated in scEtOH. ICP-OES analysis showed that the concentrations of potassium (K) and sodium (Na) in the bio-oil obtained from scEtOH were 14-15 times higher than that obtained from SubH2O. Ethanol gave rise to an improvement in the bio-oil properties including water content, density, acidity and HHV. It was concluded that the bio-oil from RS can be effectively upgraded in scEtOH.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Key Laboratory of Clean Energy of Liaoning, College of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, PR China. Electronic address: rdlee@163.com.
authors.forename: Rundong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
authors.forename: Bingshuo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Clean Energy of Liaoning, College of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, PR China.
authors.forename: Tianhua
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Clean Energy of Liaoning, College of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, PR China.
authors.forename: Xingping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Clean Energy of Liaoning, College of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, PR China.
authors.forename: Weidan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Clean Energy of Liaoning, College of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, PR China.
authors.forename: Yefei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jie
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Clean Energy of Liaoning, College of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, PR China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
authors.forename: Guanyi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000431:Ethanol; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D009821:Oils; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects*; D010636:Phenols; D012997:Solvents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D009821:Oils; D010636:Phenols; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Bio-oil; Rice stalk; Solvents; Sub/supercritical liquefaction