title: Hair sterol signatures coupled to multivariate data analysis reveal an increased 7β-hydroxycholesterol production in cognitive impairment.
abstract: Altered cholesterol metabolism could be associated with cognitive impairment. The quantitative profiling of 19 hair sterols was developed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled to multivariate data analysis. The limit of quantification of all sterols ranged from 5 to 20 ng/g, while the calibration linearity was higher than 0.98. The precision (% CV) and accuracy (% bias) ranged from 3.2% to 9.8% and from 83.2% to 119.4%, respectively. Among the sterols examined, 8 were quantitatively detected from two strands of 3-cm-long scalp hair samples of female participants, including mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n=15), Alzheimer's disease (AD, n=31), and healthy controls (HC, n=36). The cognitive impairment (MCI or AD) was correlated with a higher metabolic rate than that of HCs based on 7β-hydroxycholesterol (P<0.005). Significant negative correlations (r=-0.822) were detected between Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores and hair sample metabolic ratios of 7β-hydroxycholesterol to cholesterol, which is an accepted, sensitive, and specific tool for discriminating HCs from individuals with MCI or AD. In conclusion, improved diagnostic values can be obtained using hair sterol signatures coupled with MMSE scores. This method may prove useful for predictive diagnosis in population screening of cognitive impairment.
authors.affiliation: Materials and Life Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Hwa
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 136-702, South Korea.
authors.forename: Do-Yup
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 152-703, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hong Seog
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jihyeon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Materials and Life Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ju-Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 136-702, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Materials and Life Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, South Korea.
authors.forename: Bong Chul
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea. Electronic address: kimeosu@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Eosu
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Materials and Life Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, South Korea. Electronic address: mh_choi@kist.re.kr.
authors.forename: Man Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006888:Hydroxycholesterols / Q000378:metabolism*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013261:Sterols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006888:Hydroxycholesterols; D013261:Sterols; C011724:cholest-5-en-3 beta,7 alpha-diol
keywords: 7β-hydroxycholesterol; Alzheimer’s disease; Cholesterol signatures; Hair; Mini-Mental State Examination