title: Cadmium induces the activation of cell wall integrity pathway in budding yeast.
abstract: MAP kinases are important signaling molecules regulating cell survival, proliferation and differentiation, and can be activated by cadmium stress. In this study, we demonstrate that cadmium induces phosphorylation of the yeast cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway_MAP kinase Slt2, and this cadmium-induced CWI activation is mediated by the cell surface sensor Mid2 through the GEF Rom1, the central regulator Rho1 and Bck1. Nevertheless, cadmium stress does not affect the subcellular localization of Slt2 proteins. In addition, this cadmium-induced CWI activation is independent on the calcium/calcineurin signaling and the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) signaling pathways in yeast cells. Furthermore, we tested the cadmium sensitivity of 42 paired double-gene deletion mutants between six CWI components and seven components of the HOG pathway. Our results indicate that the CWI pathway is epistatic to the HOG pathway in cadmium sensitivity. However, gene deletion mutations for the Swi4/Swi6 transcription factor complex show synergistic effects with mutations of HOG components in cadmium sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: The National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The National Key Laboratory for Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Lilin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The National Key Laboratory for Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
authors.forename: Huihui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: The National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The National Key Laboratory for Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: The National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The National Key Laboratory for Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China. Electronic address: linghuojiang@jiangnan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Linghuo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D017353:Gene Deletion; D008954:Models, Biological; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D004718:Saccharomycetales / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium
keywords: CWI; HOG; Hog1; MAP kinase; Mpk1; Slt2