title: Risk of lymphoma subtypes and dietary habits in a Mediterranean area.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have suggested that diet might affect risk of lymphoma subtypes. We investigated risk of lymphoma and its major subtypes associated with diet in the Mediterranean island of Sardinia, Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1998-2004, 322 incident lymphoma cases and 446 randomly selected population controls participated in a case-control study on lymphoma etiology in central-southern Sardinia. Questionnaire interviews included frequency of intake of 112 food items. Risk associated with individual dietary items and groups thereof was explored by unconditional and polytomous logistic regression analysis, adjusting by age, gender and education.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed an upward trend in risk of lymphoma (all subtypes combined) and B-cell lymphoma with frequency of intake of well done grilled/roasted chicken (p for trend=0.01), and pizza (p for trend=0.047), Neither adherence to Mediterranean diet nor a frequent intake of its individual components conveyed protection. We detected heterogeneity in risk associated with several food items and groups thereof by lymphoma subtypes although we could not rule out chance as responsible for the observed direct or inverse associations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adherence to a Mediterranean diet does not seem to convey protection against the development of lymphoma. The association with specific food items might vary by lymphoma subtype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy. Electronic address: makamp@libero.it.
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Campagna
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy. Electronic address: coccop@medicina.unica.it.
authors.forename: Pierluigi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cocco
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cytomorphology Section, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy. Electronic address: mzucca@unica.it.
authors.forename: Mariagrazia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zucca
authors.affiliation: Unit of Hematology, A. Businco Oncology Hospital, ASL 8, 09121 Cagliari, Italy. Electronic address: emnang@tin.it.
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Angelucci
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy. Electronic address: atgabbas@tiscali.it.
authors.forename: Attilio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gabbas
authors.affiliation: Unit of Hematology, San Francesco Hospital, ASL 3, 08100 Nuoro, Italy. Electronic address: gclatte@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gian Carlo
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Latte
authors.affiliation: Unit of Hematology, San Francesco Hospital, ASL 3, 08100 Nuoro, Italy. Electronic address: labematologia.hsf@aslnuoro.it.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uras
authors.affiliation: Via Bonn 8, Cagliari 09129, Italy. Electronic address: marcorais44@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rais
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cytomorphology Section, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy. Electronic address: soni.sa@hotmail.it.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sanna
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cytomorphology Section, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy. Electronic address: makamp@libero.it.
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ennas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Case-control study; Diet; Lymphoma, B-cell; Lymphoma, non Hodgkin; Mediterranean diet