title: Tropane and ergot alkaloids in grain-based products for infants and young children in the Netherlands in 2011-2014.
abstract: An LC-MS/MS multi-method was developed to simultaneously quantify ergot alkaloids (EAs) and tropane alkaloids (TAs) in 113 cereal-based food for infants and young children. To assess yearly variation, samples were collected in 2011, 2012 and 2014. EAs were detected in 54% and TAs in 22% of the samples. Mean EA levels in the three sampling years were 10.6, 6.2 and 8.6 µg kg(-1), respectively (maximum: 115.4 µg kg(-1)), indicating that exposure to EAs would not have exceeded the health-based guidance values set by EFSA in 2012. Mean TA levels were 3.9, 2.4 and 0.4 µg kg(-1), respectively (maximum: 80.8 µg kg(-1)). The acute reference dose for TAs, derived by EFSA in 2013, would have been exceeded by young children when consuming some of the products sampled in 2011-2012. TA levels had decreased drastically in 2014, possibly due to measures taken by producers as response to the EFSA Opinion.
authors.affiliation: a RIKILT Wageningen UR , Wageningen , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Patrick P J
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.affiliation: a RIKILT Wageningen UR , Wageningen , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Diana P K H
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Pereboom-de Fauw
authors.affiliation: a RIKILT Wageningen UR , Wageningen , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ron L A P
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Hoogenboom
authors.affiliation: b Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA) , Utrecht , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Stoppelaar
authors.affiliation: a RIKILT Wageningen UR , Wageningen , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Nijs
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004032:Diet; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004876:Ergot Alkaloids / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009426:Netherlands; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014326:Tropanes / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004876:Ergot Alkaloids; D014326:Tropanes
keywords: LC-MS/MS; cereal-based food; ergot alkaloids; multi-method; tropane alkaloids; young children