title: Unravelling the genetic components involved in the immune response of pigs vaccinated against influenza virus.
abstract: A genome-wide association study for immune response to influenza vaccination in a crossbred swine population was conducted. Swine influenza is caused by influenza A virus (FLUAV) which is considered one of the most prevalent respiratory pathogens in swine worldwide. The main strategy used to control influenza in swine herds is through vaccination. However, the currently circulating FLUAV subtypes in swine are genetically and antigenically diverse and their interaction with the host genetics poses a challenge for the production of efficacious and cross-protective vaccines. In this study, 103 pigs vaccinated with an inactivated H1N1 pandemic virus were genotyped with the Illumina PorcineSNP60V2 BeadChip for the identification of genetic markers associated with immune response efficacy to influenza A virus vaccination. Immune response was measured based on the presence or absence of HA (hemagglutinin) and NP (nucleoprotein) antibodies induced by vaccination and detected in swine sera by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and ELISA assays, respectively. The ELISA test was also used as a measurement of antibody levels produced following the FLUAV vaccination. Associations were tested with x(2) test for a case and control data and using maximum likelihood method for the quantitative data, where a moderate association was considered if p<5×10(-5). When testing the association using the HI results, three markers with unknown location and three located on chromosomes SSCX, SSC14 and SSC18 were identified as associated with the immune response. Using the response to vaccination measured by ELISA as a qualitative and quantitative phenotype, four genomic regions were associated with immune response: one on SSC12 and three on chromosomes SSC1, SSC7, and SSC15, respectively. Those regions harbor important functional candidate genes possibly involved with the degree of immune response to vaccination. These results show an important role of host genetics in the immune response to influenza vaccination. Genetic selection for pigs with better response to FLUAV vaccination might be an alternative to reduce the impact of influenza virus infection in the swine industry. However, these results should to be validated in additional populations before its use.
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Concórdia, SC, Brazil; Present Address: University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zanella
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Concórdia, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gava
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Concórdia, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jane de Oliveira
authors.initials: Jde O
authors.lastname: Peixoto
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Concórdia, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rejane
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Concórdia, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Janice Reis
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ciacci-Zanella
authors.affiliation: Santa Catarina State University, Lages, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Natalha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Biondo
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juíz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos Vinicius Gualberto Barbosa
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Concórdia, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maurício Egídio
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cantão
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Concórdia, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: monica.ledur@embrapa.br.
authors.forename: Mônica Corrêa
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ledur
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000276:immunology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D013552:Swine; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D014758:Viral Core Proteins / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; C543345:H1N1 virus hemagglutinin; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; C048842:NP protein, Influenza A virus; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014758:Viral Core Proteins
keywords: GWAS; Immune response; Influenza A virus; Swine; Vaccination