title: Referrals and Treatment Completion for Prescription Opioid Admissions: Five Years of National Data.
abstract: This study examines sources of referral for prescription opioid admission to substance use disorder treatment facilities and their relative completion success rates using secondary analysis of an existing data set (treatment episode datasets-discharge). Five years of data from public and private treatment facilities were extracted for client discharges with no prior treatment (N=2,909,884). Healthcare professionals account for very few referrals to treatment (<10%). Prescription opioid clients referred into treatment had lower treatment success compared to other substance clients and when referred by healthcare providers had lower success rates (OR=0.72, 95% CI 0.70-0.75) than clients from other referral sources. Fewer treatment referrals for prescription opioid misuse by healthcare providers and lower success rates are significant and timely findings due to the prevalence of prescription opioid misuse. Healthcare providers are well positioned to refer early for prescription opioid misuse and continue support of their patients during treatment.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, The University of Iowa, 101 College of Nursing Building, 50 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242.
authors.forename: Barbara St
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Marie
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological and Quantitative Foundations, Counseling Psychology Program College of Education, University of Iowa, 361 Lindquist Center Iowa City, IA 52242; Iowa Consortium for Substance Abuse Research and Evaluation, 100 MTP4, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52245-5000, USA.
authors.forename: Ethan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sahker
authors.affiliation: Iowa Consortium for Substance Abuse Research and Evaluation, 100 MTP4, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52245-5000, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 451 Newton Road 200 Medicine Administration Building, Iowa City, IA 52242; Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, 145N. Riverside Drive 100 CPHB, Iowa City, IA 52242. Electronic address: stephan-arndt@uiowa.edu.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arndt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D063487:Prescription Drug Misuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012737:Sex Factors; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Healthcare referral; Prescription opioid; Substance abuse; Treatment outcomes