title: Lipidomics of human brain aging and Alzheimer's disease pathology.
abstract: Lipids stimulated and favored the evolution of the brain. Adult human brain contains a large amount of lipids, and the largest diversity of lipid classes and lipid molecular species. Lipidomics is defined as "the full characterization of lipid molecular species and of their biological roles with respect to expression of proteins involved in lipid metabolism and function, including gene regulation." Therefore, the study of brain lipidomics can help to unravel the diversity and to disclose the specificity of these lipid traits and its alterations in neural (neurons and glial) cells, groups of neural cells, brain, and fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid and plasma, thus helping to uncover potential biomarkers of human brain aging and Alzheimer disease. This review will discuss the lipid composition of the adult human brain. We first consider a brief approach to lipid definition, classification, and tools for analysis from the new point of view that has emerged with lipidomics, and then turn to the lipid profiles in human brain and how lipids affect brain function. Finally, we focus on the current status of lipidomics findings in human brain aging and Alzheimer's disease pathology. Neurolipidomics will increase knowledge about physiological and pathological functions of brain cells and will place the concept of selective neuronal vulnerability in a lipid context.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naudí
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cabré
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Mariona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jové
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ayala
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gonzalo
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Portero-Otín
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, University of Barcelona, Biomedical Research Institute of Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Isidre
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ferrer
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, Lleida, Spain. Electronic address: reinald.pamplona@mex.udl.cat.
authors.forename: Reinald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pamplona
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Aging; Alzheimer's disease; Docosahexaenoic acid; Human brain; Lipid peroxidation; Lipidomics