title: Relations Between Baseline and Nonlinear Longitudinal Changes in Children's Body Mass Index and Internalizing Symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether initial body mass index for age (zBMI) and internalizing symptoms predict longitudinal changes in zBMI and internalizing symptoms-and the extent to which sex and race moderate these relations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants included 12,674 (51% male) youth from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class 1998-1999. Data were collected in kindergarten, 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 8th grades. Teacher-reported internalizing symptoms were measured with the Social Rating Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Internalizing symptoms followed a quadratic growth trajectory, with initial low levels of symptoms that gradually increased over time and eventually leveled. zBMI followed a piecewise growth trajectory, with a transition in slope at 1st grade. Interactions emerged between zBMI and internalizing symptoms for White males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Associations between internalizing symptoms and BMI begin in early childhood for White males, and changes in zBMI are a function of the interactive effect of initial levels of internalizing difficulties and adiposity status.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, The University of Memphis and rachel.n.tillery@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tillery
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, The University of Memphis and Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center-Memphis.
authors.forename: Kristoffer S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Berlin
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, The University of Memphis and.
authors.forename: Gabrielle G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Banks
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, The University of Memphis and.
authors.forename: Rebecca C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kamody
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, The University of Memphis and.
authors.forename: Tiffany M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Rybak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000339:Affect; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology*; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008132:Loneliness; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012649:Self Concept; D012737:Sex Factors; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: internalizing trajectories; longitudinal research; parallel process latent growth curve modeling; zBMI trajectories