title: Cholinesterase of rats experimentally infected by Cryptococcus neoformans: Relationship between inflammatory response and pathological findings.
abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the role of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) as biomarkers of inflammation and tissue injury on rats experimentally infected by Cryptococcus neoformans. For this purpose, 20 male rats were divided into two groups: 10 animals representing the uninfected control group (Group A) and 10 C. neoformans var. grubii infected animals (Group B). Blood and brain samples were collected on days 10 (A10 and B10), and 30 (A30 and B30) post-infection (PI) for hematological analyses; AChE (in lymphocytes and brain) and seric BChE activity; interleukins (IL-1, IL-6, and IL-10); nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels; and markers of protein oxidation (AOPP) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS). As a result, when animals of Group A were compared to animals of Group B, it was observed leukocytosis (P<0.05) on day 10 PI; AChE activity increase (P<0.05) in lymphocytes (day 30 PI) and in brain (days 10 and 30 PI); BChE activity decrease (P<0.05) on day 10 PI; IL-1 and IL-6 increase (P<0.01) in both periods, while IL-10 had reduced levels (P<0.01) in the same periods; NOx levels increased (P<0.05) significantly on days 10 and 30 PI, while AOPP and TBARS levels increased significantly on day 30 PI; as well as pneumonia on infected rats. Therefore, based on the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that AChE and BChE behavior lead to a proinflammatory reaction evidenced by the enhancement of IL-1, IL-6, and NOx throughout the experiment associated with reduction on IL-10 levels, and cellular damage.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Patologia e Clinica Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: de Azevedo
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Patologia e Clinica Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Laerte
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferreiro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciência Animal, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aleksandro S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Da Silva
authors.affiliation: Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Xanxerê, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Tonin
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Luiza
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Thorstenberg
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Livia Gelain
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Catilhos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Pequenos Animais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raqueli T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: França
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela B R
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.affiliation: Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marta M M F
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Pequenos Animais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sonia T A
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Analises Clínicas Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Manuela B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Sangoi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Analises Clínicas Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Moresco
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fighera
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: janio.santurio@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Janio M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Santurio
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003453:Cryptococcosis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007249:Inflammation / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase
keywords: Acetylcholine; Acetylcholinesterase; Butyrylcholinesterase; Cryptococcosis; Inflammatory process; Oxidative stress