title: The management of adult psychiatric emergencies in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review.
abstract: The aim of this Review is to identify effective interventions and treatment guidelines to manage common types of psychiatric emergencies in non-specialist settings in low-income and middle-income countries. Mental health specialist services in low-income and middle-income countries are scarce. We did a systematic review of interventions for psychiatric emergencies and a literature search for low-income and middle-income-specific treatment guidelines for psychiatric emergencies. A dearth of high-quality guidelines and contextualised primary evidence for management of psychiatric emergencies in low-income and middle-income countries exists. Filling these gaps in present guidelines needs to be an urgent research priority in view of the adverse health and social consequences of such presentations and the present drive to scale up mental health care.
authors.affiliation: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Sangath, Porvorim, Goa, India.
authors.forename: Abhijit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nadkarni
authors.affiliation: Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hanlon
authors.affiliation: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Sangath, Porvorim, Goa, India.
authors.forename: Urvita
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.affiliation: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fuhr
authors.affiliation: Social Medicine Institute, University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Celina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ragoni
authors.affiliation: Mental Health School of Rio de Janeiro, Philippe Pinel Institute, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sérgio Luiz
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: de Azevedo Perocco
authors.affiliation: Medical Sciences School, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fortes
authors.affiliation: Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shidhaye
authors.affiliation: MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda.
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kinyanda
authors.affiliation: Schizophrenia Research Foundation, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Thara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rangaswamy
authors.affiliation: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Sangath, Porvorim, Goa, India; Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India. Electronic address: vikram.patel@lshtm.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Vikram
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D003906:Developing Countries; D004638:Emergency Treatment / Q000379:methods*; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*