title: Use of programme budgeting and marginal analysis as a framework for resource reallocation in respiratory care in North Wales, UK.
abstract: Since the global financial crisis, UK NHS spending has reduced considerably. Respiratory care is a large cost driver for Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, the largest health board in Wales. Under the remit of 'prudent healthcare' championed by the Welsh Health Minister, a Programme Budgeting Marginal Analysis (PBMA) of the North Wales respiratory care pathway was conducted.
  
  
  
  A PBMA panel of directors of medicines management, therapies finance, planning, public health and healthcare professionals used electronic voting to establish criteria for decision-making and vote on candidate interventions in which to disinvest and invest.
  
  
  
  A sum of £86.9 million was spent on respiratory care in 2012-13. Following extensive discussion of 13 proposed candidate interventions facilitated by a chairperson, 4 candidates received recommendations to disinvest, 7 to invest and 2 to maintain current activity. Marginal analysis prioritized mucolytics and high antibiotic prescribing as areas for disinvestment, and medicines waste management and pulmonary rehabilitation for investment.
  
  
  
  This exercise demonstrates the potential for health boards to use evidence-based approaches to reach potentially controversial disinvestment and investment decisions. Initial progress has begun with communication from the Medical Director in relation to the disinvestment in mucolytics prescribing and possible redirection of funding options being explored.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Economics & Medicines Evaluation, Bangor University, Ardudwy, Normal Site, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2PZ, UK.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.affiliation: Public Health Wales, Preswylfa. Hendy Road, Mold, Flintshire CH7 1PZ, UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Public Health Wales, Unit 10, Llys Castan, Parc Menai, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 4DF, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Penrhosgarnedd, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2PW, UK.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Johnstone
authors.affiliation: Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Penrhosgarnedd, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2PW, UK.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vandenblink
authors.affiliation: Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Penrhosgarnedd, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2PW, UK.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pethers
authors.affiliation: Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Penrhosgarnedd, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2PW, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Economics & Medicines Evaluation, Bangor University, Ardudwy, Normal Site, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2PZ, UK.
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D002017:Budgets / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003659:Decision Making, Organizational; D006801:Humans; D040841:Resource Allocation / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D014852:Wales
keywords: disinvestment; health economics; healthcare resources; investment; marginal analysis; programme budgeting; public health; resource reallocation