title: Interaction of dietary fat intake with APOA2, APOA5 and LEPR polymorphisms and its relationship with obesity and dyslipidemia in young subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diet is an important environmental factor that interacts with genes to modulate the likelihood of developing disorders in lipid metabolism and the relationship between diet and genes in the presence of other chronic diseases such as obesity. The objective of this study was to analyze the interaction of a high fat diet with the APOA2 (rs3813627 and rs5082), APOA5 (rs662799 and rs3135506) and LEPR (rs8179183 and rs1137101) polymorphisms and its relationship with obesity and dyslipidemia in young subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 200 young subjects aged 18 to 25 years (100 normal-weight and 100 obese subjects). Dietary fat intake was measured using the frequency food consumption questionnaire. Genotyping of polymorphisms was performed by PCR-RFLP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals carrying the APOA5 56 G/G genotype with a high saturated fatty acid consumption (OR = 2.7, p = 0.006) and/or total fat (OR = 2.4, p = 0.018), associated with an increased risk of obesity. We also found that A/G + G/G genotypes of the 668 A/G polymorphism in the LEPR gene with an intake ≥ 12 g/d of saturated fatty acids, have 2.9 times higher risk of obesity (p = 0.002), 3.8 times higher risk of hypercholesterolemia (p = 0.002) and 2.4 times higher risk of hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.02), than those with an intake <12 g/d of saturated fatty acids. Similarly, LEPR 668 A/G + G/G carriers with a high fat total intake had 3.0 times higher risk of obesity (p = 0.002) and 4.1 times higher risk of hypercholesterolemia (p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that dietary fat intake modifies the effect of APOA5 and LEPR polymorphisms on serum triglycerides, cholesterol levels and obesity in young subjects.
authors.affiliation: Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico. aseret851015@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Domínguez-Reyes
authors.affiliation: Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico. cony-astudillo@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Constanza C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Astudillo-López
authors.affiliation: Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico. loresagoy@yahoo.com.mx.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salgado-Goytia
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. biologiamolecular@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: José F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Valle
authors.affiliation: Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico. araliux_27@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Aralia B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Salgado-Bernabé
authors.affiliation: Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico. pao_nkiller@yahoo.com.mx.
authors.forename: Iris P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Guzmán-Guzmán
authors.affiliation: Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico. natycastro2@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Natividad
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Castro-Alarcón
authors.affiliation: Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico. emoreno20@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ma E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Moreno-Godínez
authors.affiliation: Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico. iprojas@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Isela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Parra-Rojas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016633:Apolipoprotein A-II / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D000072040:Apolipoprotein A-V; D001054:Apolipoproteins A / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005215:Fasting; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D054411:Receptors, Leptin; D012306:Risk; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: C115794:APOA2 protein, human; C437704:APOA5 protein, human; D016633:Apolipoprotein A-II; D000072040:Apolipoprotein A-V; D001054:Apolipoproteins A; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; C515448:LEPR protein, human; D054411:Receptors, Leptin; D014280:Triglycerides