title: Selective Inactivation of Resistant Gram-Positive Pathogens with a Light-Driven Hybrid Nanomaterial.
abstract: Herein, we present a straightforward strategy to disperse highly insoluble photosensitizers in aqueous environments, without major synthetic efforts and keeping their photosensitizing abilities unaffected. A layered nanoclay was employed to adsorb and to solubilize a highly efficient yet hydrophobic Si(IV) phthalocyaninate in water. The aggregation of the photoactive dye was correlated with its photophysical properties, particularly with the ability to produce highly cytotoxic singlet oxygen. Moreover, the resulting hybrid nanomaterial is able to selectively photoinactivate Gram-positive pathogens, due to local interactions between the bacterial membranes and the negatively charged nanodiscs. Nanotoxicity assays confirmed its innocuousness toward eukaryotic cells, showing that it constitutes a new class of "phototriggered magic bullet" for the inactivation of pathogens in phototherapy, as well as in the development of coatings for self-disinfecting surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Physikalisches Institut - Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Malte
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grüner
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinikum Jena , Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tuchscherr
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinikum Jena , Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Löffler
authors.affiliation: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Physikalisches Institut - Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gonnissen
authors.affiliation: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Physikalisches Institut - Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Riehemann
authors.affiliation: Münster University of Applied Sciences , Institute for Optical Technologies, Stegerwaldsstrasse 39, 48565 Steinfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Staniford
authors.affiliation: Münster University of Applied Sciences , Institute for Optical Technologies, Stegerwaldsstrasse 39, 48565 Steinfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kynast
authors.affiliation: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Physikalisches Institut - Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Cristian A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Strassert
mesh_terms: D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D000067493:Dynamic Light Scattering; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008027:Light; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D055672:Static Electricity
keywords: antibiotic resistant bacteria; nanoclay; nanomaterial; photodynamic inactivation; photosensitizer; phototherapy; phthalocyanine; singlet oxygen