title: Dimensional analyses of frontal posed smile attractiveness in Japanese female patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify appropriate dimensional items in objective diagnostic analysis for attractiveness of frontal posed smile in Japanese female patients by comparing with the result of human judgments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Photographs of frontal posed smiles of 100 Japanese females after orthodontic treatment were evaluated by 20 dental students (10 males and 10 females) using a visual analogue scale (VAS). The photographs were ranked based on the VAS evaluations and the 25 photographs with the highest evaluations were selected as group A, and the 25 photos with the lowest evaluations were designated group B. Then 12 dimensional items of objective analysis selected from a literature review were measured. Means and standard deviations for measurements of the dimensional items were compared between the groups using the unpaired t-test with a significance level of P < .05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean values were significantly smaller in group A than in group B for interlabial gap, intervermilion distance, maxillary gingival display, maximum incisor exposure, and lower lip to incisor (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant differences were observed only in the vertical dimension, not in the transverse dimension. Five of the 12 objective diagnostic items were correlated with human judgments of the attractiveness of frontal posed smile in Japanese females after orthodontic treatment.
authors.affiliation: a  Clinical Research Fellow, Department of Orthodontics, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.affiliation: b  Professor and Chair, Department of Orthodontics, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arai
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D007564:Japan; D008046:Lip; D008297:Male; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective; D012904:Smiling; D064232:Visual Analog Scale
keywords: Frontal posed smile; Smile analysis