title: Inhibitory effect of gels loaded with a low concentration of antibiotics against biofilm formation by Enterococcus faecalis and Porphyromonas gingivalis.
abstract: We explored longitudinally the inhibitory effect of gels loaded with 1 mg/mL modified triple antibiotic paste (MTAP) or double antibiotic paste (DAP) against biofilm formation by Enterococcus faecalis and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Methylcellulose-based antibiotic gels of MTAP (ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and clindamycin) and DAP (ciprofloxacin and metronidazole) were prepared at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. Individually cultured E. faecalis and P. gingivalis bacterial suspensions were treated with MTAP, DAP, or placebo (vehicle only) gels at different dilutions and allowed to grow in 96-well microtiter plates. Untreated bacterial suspensions served as a negative control. Crystal violet assays were used to evaluate biofilm formation after 48 h. The ability of the gels to inhibit biofilm formation was determined immediately, and at 1 month and 3 months after the gels had been prepared. Data were analyzed using a mixed-model ANOVA. The MTAP and DAP gels significantly reduced biofilm formation by both bacterial species at all time points, regardless of the tested dilution. No-significant differences in biofilm-inhibitory effects between MTAP and DAP gels were observed at the majority of the tested dilutions through various time points. Gels loaded with 1 mg/mL MTAP and DAP demonstrated a significant antibiofilm effect against E.faecalis and P. gingivalis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry.
authors.forename: Amnah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: A Algarni
authors.forename: Ghaeth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: H Yassen
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: L Gregory
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005782:Gels