title: Analysis of risk factors for hydrocephalus development in newborn infants with germinal matrix hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors for the development of hydrocephalus in newborn infants with germinal matrix (GM) hemorrhage.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study comprised 271 patients admitted to Carlos Haya University Hospital in Malaga with GM hemorrhage. The following data were recorded: gestational age, gender, twin birth, head circumference at birth, weight at birth, and Papile grade. Severe obstetrical (abruption, chorioamnionitis, pregnancy-induced hypertension, tocolytic treatment) and neonatal disorders (respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal infection, coagulation disorder, patent ductus arteriosus, necrotizing enterocolitis) were also recorded. Symptomatic hydrocephalus was diagnosed in the event of a progressive increase in head circumference and ventricular indices requiring shunting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 271 patients, 139 (51%) developed posthemorrhagic ventriculomegaly; 47 patients (17%) developed symptomatic hydrocephalus and needed shunt implantation. We found a significant relationship between the development of symptomatic hydrocephalus and Papile grade, lower gestational age, lower birth weight, twin birth, and neonatal infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Awareness of risk factors for the development of hydrocephalus in newborn infants with GM hemorrhage should be emphasized in order to enable an early diagnosis of ventriculomegaly and symptomatic hydrocephalus and thus make a correct therapeutic decision.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, HRU Carlos Haya, Malaga, Spain - lorenaromeromoreno@gmail.com.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ros
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Arráez
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ríus
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carrasco
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Segura
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D059285:Pregnancy, Twin; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology