title: New Insights on Retrieval-Induced and Ongoing Memory Consolidation: Lessons from Arc.
abstract: The mainstream view on the neurobiological mechanisms underlying memory formation states that memory traces reside on the network of cells activated during initial acquisition that becomes active again upon retrieval (reactivation). These activation and reactivation processes have been called "conjunctive trace." This process implies that singular molecular events must occur during acquisition, strengthening the connection between the implicated cells whose synchronous activity must underlie subsequent reactivations. The strongest experimental support for the conjunctive trace model comes from the study of immediate early genes such as c-fos, zif268, and activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein. The expressions of these genes are reliably induced by behaviorally relevant neuronal activity and their products often play a central role in long-term memory formation. In this review, we propose that the peculiar characteristics of Arc protein, such as its optimal expression after ongoing experience or familiar behavior, together with its versatile and central functions in synaptic plasticity could explain how familiarization and recognition memories are stored and preserved in the mammalian brain.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Col. Juriquilla, 76230 Santiago de Querétaro, QRO, Mexico ; Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, DF, Mexico ; Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Unidad Lerma, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Avenida de las Garzas No. 10, 52005 Lerma, MEX, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jean-Pascal
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Morin
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, DF, Mexico ; Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Unidad Lerma, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Avenida de las Garzas No. 10, 52005 Lerma, MEX, Mexico.
authors.forename: Kioko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Guzmán-Ramos
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bermudez-Rattoni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D000069077:Memory Consolidation / Q000502:physiology*; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C092069:activity regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein