title: A Simplified, Light Emitting Diode (LED) Based, Modular System to be Used for the Rapid Evaluation of Fruit and Vegetable Quality: Development and Validation on Dye Solutions.
abstract: NIR spectroscopy has proven to be one of the most efficient and ready to transfer tools to monitor product's quality. Portable VIS/NIR instruments are particularly versatile and suitable for field use to monitor the ripening process or quality parameters. The aim of this work is to develop and evaluate a new simplified optoelectronic system for potential measurements on fruit and vegetables directly in the field. The development, characterization and validation of an operative prototype is discussed. LED technology was chosen for the design, and spectral acquisition at four specific wavelengths (630, 690, 750 and 850 nm) was proposed. Nevertheless, attention was given to the modularity and versatility of the system. Indeed, the possibility to change the light sources module with other wavelengths allows one to adapt the use of the same device for different foreseeable applications and objectives, e.g., ripeness evaluation, detection of particular diseases and disorders, chemical and physical property prediction, shelf life analysis, as well as for different natures of products (berry, leaf or liquid). Validation tests on blue dye water solutions have shown the capability of the system of discriminating low levels of reflectance, with a repeatability characterized by a standard deviation proportional to the measured intensity and in general limited to 2%-4%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, Milano 20133, Italy. raffaele.civelli@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Civelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, Milano 20133, Italy. valentina.giovenzana@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Giovenzana
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, Milano 20133, Italy. roberto.beghi@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beghi
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, Milano 20133, Italy. ezio.naldi@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Ezio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Naldi
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, Milano 20133, Italy. riccardo.guidetti@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guidetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, Milano 20133, Italy. roberto.oberti@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oberti
keywords: fruit and vegetable; non-destructive analysis; portable optical device; reflectance; ripening