title: Association of 12 h shifts and nurses' job satisfaction, burnout and intention to leave: findings from a cross-sectional study of 12 European countries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  12 h shifts are becoming increasingly common for hospital nurses but there is concern that long shifts adversely affect nurses' well-being, job satisfaction and intention to leave their job. The aim of this study is to examine the association between working long shifts and burnout, job dissatisfaction, dissatisfaction with work schedule flexibility and intention to leave current job among hospital nurses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey of 31,627 registered nurses in 2170 general medical/surgical units within 488 hospitals across 12 European countries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nurses working shifts of ≥12 h were more likely than nurses working shorter hours (≤8) to experience burnout, in terms of emotional exhaustion (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.26; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.46), depersonalisation (aOR=1.21; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.47) and low personal accomplishment (aOR=1.39; 95% CI 1.20 to 1.62). Nurses working shifts of ≥12 h were more likely to experience job dissatisfaction (aOR=1.40; 95% CI 1.20 to 1.62), dissatisfaction with work schedule flexibility (aOR=1.15; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.35) and report intention to leave their job due to dissatisfaction (aOR=1.29; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.48).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Longer working hours for hospital nurses are associated with adverse outcomes for nurses. Some of these adverse outcomes, such as high burnout, may pose safety risks for patients as well as nurses.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (Wessex), University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dall'Ora
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (Wessex), University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (Wessex), University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.affiliation: Inselspital Bern University Hospital, Nursing Research Unit, Bern, Switzerland Institute of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Outcomes & Policy Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Linda H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Aiken
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D061214:Patient Safety / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010563:Personnel Turnover / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance / Q000523:psychology*; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: STATISTICS & RESEARCH METHODS