title: Regional homogeneity of spontaneous brain activity in adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder before and after cognitive behavioural therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Several neuroimaging studies have explored alterations of brain function in OCD patients as they performed tasks after CBT. However, the effects of CBT on the neural activityin OCD during rest remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated changes in regional homogeneity (ReHo) in OCD patients before and after CBT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two OCD patients and 22 well-matched healthy controls participated in the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. We compared differences in ReHo between the OCD and control groups before treatment and investigated the changes of ReHo in 17 OCD patients who responded to CBT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to healthy controls, OCD patients exhibited higher ReHo in the right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), bilateral middle frontal cortex, right precuneus, left cerebellum, and vermis, as well as lower ReHo in the bilateral caudate, right calcarine, right posterior cingulate cortex, and right middle temporal cortex. Along with the clinical improvement in OCD patients after CBT, we found decreased ReHo in the right OFC, bilateral middle frontal cortex, left cerebellum and vermis, and increased ReHo in the left caudate. Improvement of OCD symptoms was significantly correlated with the changed ReHo in the right OFC and left cerebellum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although these findings are preliminary and need to be replicated in larger samples, they indicate the presence of abnormal spontaneous brain activity of the prefrontal-striatal-cerebellar circuit in OCD patients, and provide evidence that CBT can selectively modulate the spontaneous brain activity of this circuit in OCD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Key Lab of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: wysun828@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiang-Yun
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medicine, Griffith University, Australia. Electronic address: j.sun@griffith.edu.au.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Key Lab of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: luojia529@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Key Lab of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: zzxzzx9268@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhao-Xi
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihaer Medical University, Qiqihaer, Heilongjiang, China. Electronic address: lipingchxyy@163.com.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Key Lab of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shu-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Key Lab of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: xiongmaoxiehui@163.com.
authors.forename: Hong-Fang
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Key Lab of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: hff87hff87@163.com.
authors.forename: Fang-Fang
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Key Lab of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: lizhj8@ccmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhan-Jiang
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D005260:Female; D059907:Functional Neuroimaging; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Cognitive behavioural therapy; Obsessive–compulsive disorder; Regional homogeneity; Spontaneous brain activity