title: Hypothalamic Regulation of Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis and Energy Homeostasis.
abstract: Obesity and diabetes are increasing at an alarming rate worldwide, but the strategies for the prevention and treatment of these disorders remain inadequate. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is important for cold protection by producing heat using lipids and glucose as metabolic fuels. This thermogenic action causes increased energy expenditure and significant lipid/glucose disposal. In addition, BAT in white adipose tissue (WAT) or beige cells have been found and they also exhibit the thermogenic action similar to BAT. These data provide evidence indicating BAT/beige cells as a potential target for combating obesity and diabetes. Recent discoveries of active BAT and beige cells in adult humans have further highlighted this potential. Growing studies have also shown the importance of central nervous system in the control of BAT thermogenesis and WAT browning using animal models. This review is focused on central neural thermoregulation, particularly addressing our current understanding of the importance of hypothalamic neural signaling in the regulation of BAT/beige thermogenesis and energy homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bi
keywords: brown adipose tissue; central nervous system; energy homeostasis; sympathetic nervous system; thermogenesis