title: Effects of a Whatsapp-delivered physical activity intervention to enhance health-related physical fitness components and cardiovascular disease risk factors in older adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This pilot study evaluated the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a 10-week WhatsApp-based intervention aimed at enhancing health-related physical fitness components and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors compared with a face-to-face condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (N.=32) were assigned to one of three groups: training group (N.=16), mobile group (N.=7) and control group (N.=9). Training group and mobile group performed the same training program, based on strength training with elastics bands and aerobic exercise, during 10 weeks; only the delivery mode differed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mobile group increased handgrip strength, aerobic capacity and decreased systolic blood pressure and heart rate after exercise though there were no significant differences respect to control group. The training group decreased significantly systolic blood pressure (P=0.038), diastolic blood pressure (P=0.005), mean arterial pressure (P=0.006) and heart rate after exercise (P=0.002), respect to control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comparison between training and mobile group showed that WhatsApp-based physical activity intervention was less effective than face-to-face condition. The results indicate that the use of an online social network produced slight changes in some health-related physical fitness components and CVD risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Physical Activity and Sport Science Research Group (GICAFE), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education, University of the Balearic Islands, Majorca, Spain - adria.muntaner@uib.es.
authors.forename: Adrià
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muntaner-Mas
authors.affiliation: Physical Activity and Sport Science Research Group (GICAFE), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education, University of the Balearic Islands, Majorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vidal-Conti
authors.affiliation: Physical Activity and Sport Science Research Group (GICAFE), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education, University of the Balearic Islands, Majorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Pere A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Borràs
authors.affiliation: PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.affiliation: Physical Activity and Sport Science Research Group (GICAFE), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education, University of the Balearic Islands, Majorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Pere
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Palou
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063731:Mobile Applications; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors