title: Skin and Soft Tissue Infections.
abstract: Skin and soft tissue infections result from microbial invasion of the skin and its supporting structures. Management is determined by the severity and location of the infection and by patient comorbidities. Infections can be classified as simple (uncomplicated) or complicated (necrotizing or nonnecrotizing), or as suppurative or nonsuppurative. Most community-acquired infections are caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and beta-hemolytic streptococcus. Simple infections are usually monomicrobial and present with localized clinical findings. In contrast, complicated infections can be mono- or polymicrobial and may present with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation. Laboratory testing may be required to confirm an uncertain diagnosis, evaluate for deep infections or sepsis, determine the need for inpatient care, and evaluate and treat comorbidities. Initial antimicrobial choice is empiric, and in simple infections should cover Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species. Patients with complicated infections, including suspected necrotizing fasciitis and gangrene, require empiric polymicrobial antibiotic coverage, inpatient treatment, and surgical consultation for debridement. Superficial and small abscesses respond well to drainage and seldom require antibiotics. Immunocompromised patients require early treatment and antimicrobial coverage for possible atypical organisms.
authors.affiliation: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Kalyanakrishnan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnan
authors.affiliation: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Salinas
authors.affiliation: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Nelson Ivan
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Agudelo Higuita
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012874:Skin Diseases, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018461:Soft Tissue Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents