title: Structural and Antihypertensive Properties of Enzymatic Hemp Seed Protein Hydrolysates.
abstract: The aim of this work was to produce antihypertensive protein hydrolysates through different forms of enzymatic hydrolysis (2% pepsin, 4% pepsin, 1% alcalase, 2% alcalase, 2% papain, and 2% pepsin + pancreatin) of hemp seed proteins (HSP). The hemp seed protein hydrolysates (HPHs) were tested for in vitro inhibitions of renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), two of the enzymes that regulate human blood pressure. The HPHs were then administered orally (200 mg/kg body weight) to spontaneously hypertensive rats and systolic blood pressure (SBP)-lowering effects measured over a 24 h period. Size exclusion chromatography mainly showed a 300-9560 Da peptide size range for the HPHs, while amino acid composition data had the 2% pepsin HPH with the highest cysteine content. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed higher fluorescence intensities for the peptides when compared to the unhydrolyzed hemp seed protein. Overall, the 1% alcalase HPH was the most effective (p < 0.05) SBP-reducing agent (-32.5 ± 0.7 mmHg after 4 h), while the pepsin HPHs produced longer-lasting effects (-23.0 ± 1.4 mmHg after 24 h). We conclude that an optimized combination of the fast-acting HPH (1% alcalase) with the longer-lasting HPHs (2% and 4% pepsin) could provide daily effective SBP reductions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2, Canada. malomos@myumanitoba.ca.|The Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2, Canada. malomos@myumanitoba.ca.
authors.forename: Sunday A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Malomo
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2, Canada. onuhj@myumanitoba.ca.|The Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2, Canada. onuhj@myumanitoba.ca.
authors.forename: John O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Onuh
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2, Canada. umgirgia@myumanitoba.ca.|The Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2, Canada. umgirgia@myumanitoba.ca.
authors.forename: Abraham T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Girgih
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2, Canada. rotimi.aluko@umanitoba.ca.|The Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2, Canada. rotimi.aluko@umanitoba.ca.
authors.forename: Rotimi E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Aluko
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002188:Cannabis; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D010434:Pepsin A / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D012083:Renin / Q000378:metabolism; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects; D012639:Seeds; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013381:Subtilisins / Q000378:metabolism; D000092502:Renin Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D010434:Pepsin A; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates; D012083:Renin; D013381:Subtilisins; D000092502:Renin Inhibitors
keywords: angiotensin converting enzyme; degree of hydrolysis; fluorescence intensity; hemp seed; protein hydrolysate; renin; spontaneously hypertensive rats; systolic blood pressure