title: Responsiveness of the Neuromuscular Recovery Scale During Outpatient Activity-Dependent Rehabilitation for Spinal Cord Injury.
abstract: The Neuromuscular Recovery Scale (NRS) was developed by researchers and clinicians to functionally classify people with spinal cord injury (SCI) by measuring functionally relevant motor tasks without compensation. Previous studies established strong interrater and test-retest reliability and validity of the scale.
  
  
  
  To determine responsiveness of the NRS, a version including newly added upper-extremity items, in an outpatient rehabilitation setting.
  
  
  
  Assessments using the NRS and 6 other instruments were conducted at enrollment and discharge from a locomotor training program for 72 outpatients with SCI classified as American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale grades A to D (International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury). Mixed-model t statistics for instruments were calculated and adjusted for confounding factors (eg, sample size, demographic variables) for all patients and subgroups stratified by injury level and/or severity. The resulting adjusted response means (ARMs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to determine responsiveness, and significant differences between instruments were identified with pairwise comparisons.
  
  
  
  The NRS was significantly responsive for SCI outpatients (ARM = 1.05; CI = 0.75-1.35). Changes in motor function were detected across heterogeneous groups. Regardless of injury level or severity, the responsiveness of the NRS was equal to, and often significantly exceeded, the responsiveness of other instruments.
  
  
  
  The NRS is a responsive measure that detects change in motor function during outpatient neurorehabilitation for SCI. There is potential utility for its application in randomized controlled trials and as a measure of clinical recovery across diverse SCI populations.
authors.affiliation: Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Tester
authors.affiliation: University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.affiliation: University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Suter
authors.affiliation: Healthsouth Rehabilitation Hospital, Charleston, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Buehner
authors.affiliation: Ardor Health Solutions, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Falanga
authors.affiliation: Magee Rehabilitation Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.affiliation: Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Velozo
authors.affiliation: University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Behrman
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA basso.2@osu.edu.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Michele Basso
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010045:Outpatients; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: outcome measures; recovery of function; rehabilitation; responsiveness; spinal cord injury