title: Thermorudis pharmacophila sp. nov., a novel member of the class Thermomicrobia isolated from geothermal soil, and emended descriptions of Thermomicrobium roseum, Thermomicrobium carboxidum, Thermorudis peleae and Sphaerobacter thermophilus.
abstract: An aerobic, thermophilic and cellulolytic bacterium, designated strain WKT50.2T, was isolated from geothermal soil at Waikite, New Zealand. Strain WKT50.2T grew at 53-76 °C and at pH 5.9-8.2. The DNA G+C content was 58.4 mol%. The major fatty acids were 12-methyl C18 : 0 and C18 : 0. Polar lipids were all linked to long-chain 1,2-diols, and comprised 2-acylalkyldiol-1-O-phosphoinositol (diolPI), 2-acylalkyldiol-1-O-phosphoacylmannoside (diolP-acylMan), 2-acylalkyldiol-1-O-phosphoinositol acylmannoside (diolPI-acylMan) and 2-acylalkyldiol-1-O-phosphoinositol mannoside (diolPI-Man). Strain WKT50.2T utilized a range of cellulosic substrates, alcohols and organic acids for growth, but was unable to utilize monosaccharides. Robust growth of WKT50.2T was observed on protein derivatives. WKT50.2T was sensitive to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, neomycin, polymyxin B, streptomycin and vancomycin. Metronidazole, lasalocid A and trimethoprim stimulated growth. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that WKT50.2T belonged to the class Thermomicrobia within the phylum Chloroflexi, and was most closely related to Thermorudis peleae KI4T (99.6% similarity). DNA-DNA hybridization between WKT50.2T and Thermorudis peleae DSM 27169T was 18.0%. Physiological and biochemical tests confirmed the phenotypic and genotypic differentiation of strain WKT50.2T from Thermorudis peleae KI4T and other members of the Thermomicrobia. On the basis of its phylogenetic position and phenotypic characteristics, we propose that strain WKT50.2T represents a novel species, for which the name Thermorudis pharmacophila sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain WKT50.2T ( = DSM 26011T = ICMP 20042T). Emended descriptions of Thermomicrobium roseum, Thermomicrobium carboxidum, Thermorudis peleae and Sphaerobacter thermophilus are also proposed, and include the description of a novel respiratory quinone, MK-8 2,3-epoxide (23%), in Thermomicrobium roseum.
authors.affiliation: GNS Science, Extremophiles Research Group, Private Bag 2000, Taupo¯ 3352, New Zealand.|School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Houghton
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Xochitl C
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.affiliation: Callaghan Innovation, PO Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Kirill
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lagutin
authors.affiliation: Callaghan Innovation, PO Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: MacKenzie
authors.affiliation: Callaghan Innovation, PO Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Mikhail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vyssotskii
authors.affiliation: Callaghan Innovation, PO Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Kevin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Ian R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.affiliation: School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Hugh W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.affiliation: GNS Science, Extremophiles Research Group, Private Bag 2000, Taupo¯ 3352, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Jean F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Power
authors.affiliation: University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Moreau
authors.affiliation: University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hanssen
authors.affiliation: GNS Science, Extremophiles Research Group, Private Bag 2000, Taupo¯ 3352, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Matthew B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Stott
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001482:Base Composition; D041862:Chloroflexi / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D045482:Hot Springs; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009520:New Zealand; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D024482:Vitamin K 2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010743:Phospholipids; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D024482:Vitamin K 2; C024223:vitamin MK 8