title: Serum Ionized Calcium Quantification for Staging Canine Periodontal Disease: A Preliminary Study.
abstract: Periodontal diseases (PD) are infectious, inflammatory, progressive diseases of the oral cavity affecting people and dogs. PD takes 2 forms: gingivitis and periodontitis. Diagnosing or staging PD can be achieved only with dental x-rays and periodontal probing, both of which require the use of general anesthesia in dogs. This study aimed to determine whether serum ionized calcium ([iCa(2+)]) levels can be useful in preliminary PD staging in dogs. A sample of 40 dogs (n = 40) was divided into 4 groups (n = 10 each) based on the following PD stages: G1 (gingivitis), G2 (initial periodontitis), G3 (moderate periodontitis), and G4 (severe periodontitis). The groups were then subjected to [iCa(2+)] quantification. Statistically significant differences were observed between PD stages and [iCa(2+)] for all stages except G3 and G4. Therefore, this parameter can be used as an additional tool to establish and monitor preliminary PD status.
authors.affiliation: Anjos of Assis Veterinary Medicine Centre (CMVAA), Rua Dª. Francisca da Azambuja Nº 9 - 9A, Barreiro, Portugal; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinic, Surgery, University of Lisbon (FMV/ULisboa), Av. da, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Polo Universitário Alto da Ajuda, Lisbon, Portugal; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), FMV/ULisboa, Av. da, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Polo Universitário Alto da Ajuda, Lisbon, Portugal; School of Dental Medicine, Superior Institute of Health Sciences Egas Moniz, Caparica, Portugal. Electronic address: miguelcarreira@fmv.ulisboa.pt.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Miguel Carreira
authors.affiliation: Anjos of Assis Veterinary Medicine Centre (CMVAA), Rua Dª. Francisca da Azambuja Nº 9 - 9A, Barreiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Dias
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Daniela
authors.affiliation: Anjos of Assis Veterinary Medicine Centre (CMVAA), Rua Dª. Francisca da Azambuja Nº 9 - 9A, Barreiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Azevedo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pedro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood*; D003728:Dental Calculus / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002118:Calcium
keywords: diagnostic; dog; periodontal disease; serum ionized calcium; staging