title: Outcomes for dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism following treatment with percutaneous ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation of presumed functional parathyroid nodules: 27 cases (2008-2011).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe outcomes for dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism following treatment with percutaneous ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation of presumed functional parathyroid nodules.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  24 dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism that underwent 27 ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation procedures of presumed functional parathyroid nodules identified by cervical ultrasonography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs were anesthetized for each procedure. For each nodule, 95% ethanol was injected into the center with ultrasound guidance (volume injected calculated on the basis of ultrasonographic measurements). The interval from treatment to resolution of hypercalcemia, complications, and follow-up clinicopathologic data were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  5 procedures involved simultaneous treatment of 2 nodules. Three dogs underwent a second treatment because of initial treatment failure or development of another nodule. Hypercalcemia resolved after 23 of 27 (85%) procedures. In those 23 treatments, 22 (96%) had resolution of hypercalcemia within 72 hours after treatment. Hypocalcemia was detected in 6 different dogs at 2 (1 dog), 7 (3 dogs), 14 (1 dog), and 21 (1 dog) days after treatment; 5 of these dogs had mild transient hypocalcemia and 1 developed clinical signs requiring calcium supplementation. Although there were no periprocedural adverse effects, 2 dogs had delayed adverse effects; the overall rate of complications (including delayed adverse events and clinical hypocalcemia) was 11.1%. Long-term follow-up data indicated sustained normocalcemia in 17 of 19 dogs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggested that percutaneous ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation of functional parathyroid nodules may be an effective treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism of dogs, with short duration of anesthesia, minimal complications, and low risk for hypocalcemia.
authors.forename: Talia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guttin
authors.forename: Van W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Knox
authors.forename: Jeremy S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Diroff
mesh_terms: D055011:Ablation Techniques / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D015552:Injections, Intralesional / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol