title: Systemic Inflammation in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Association with Muscle Function and Nutritional Status.
abstract: Inflammation described in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) may be related to loss of muscle function or to obesity. It is unknown if circulating proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1, and TNF-α) levels are associated with muscle function. The purpose was to evaluate whether an association exists between systemic inflammation with muscle function and nutritional status in DMD patients. In 66 DMD patients without corticosteroid treatment, the following were evaluated in serum: cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin, adiponectin, and creatine kinase (CK). Muscle function was evaluated using Vignos Scale. Patients with better muscle function had the highest concentration of CK, IL-1, and TNF-α compared with less muscle function. No differences in IL-6 and adiponectin concentration were identified among groups with different levels of muscle function. Also, no differences were observed in the concentration of cytokines among groups with different nutritional status levels (underweight, normal weight, and overweight/obese). However, CRP and leptin were increased in the obese group compared with normal and underweight subjects. Systemic inflammation is increased in patients with better muscle function and decreases in DMD patients with poorer muscle function; nevertheless, systemic inflammation is similar among different levels of nutritional status in DMD patients.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, 4th Floor, Avenida Cuauhtémoc No. 330, Colonia Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, 06725 México, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Oriana Del Rocío
authors.initials: Odel R
authors.lastname: Cruz-Guzmán
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, 4th Floor, Avenida Cuauhtémoc No. 330, Colonia Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, 06725 México, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Maricela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Cruz
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Electrodiagnóstico y Distrofia Muscular, Instituto Nacional de la Rehabilitación, México, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rosa Elena
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Escobar Cedillo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020388:Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003402:Creatine Kinase