title: Does HIV Infection Alter Parkinson Disease?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinical features, treatment(s), and outcomes of 15 HIV-infected patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD) and sustained virus suppression and immunologic reconstitution, from a reference cohort of 9847 persons living with HIV (PLH).
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective, single-center matched case-control 1:2 study included PLH-PD patients evaluated over a 12-year period (2002-2013) with mean follow-up of 6.5 years. PD clinical features and dopamine replacement therapy (DRT) were compared, and biologically relevant HIV data were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PD prevalence in PLH was similar to that of the general population. At onset, clinical presentations and therapeutic management were similar for both groups. Rapidly effective DRT was well tolerated without combined antiretroviral therapy interactions or virus escape. At the end of the follow-up, compared with HIV-negative PD, PLH had a significantly lower median Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor score (4 vs 14; P < 0.001), median Hoehn and Yahr stage (1 vs 2; P = 0.0005), and median Handipark scale score (2 vs 3; P = 0.0036) under the same daily DRT. One PLH underwent highly successful deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV-associated PD is similar to idiopathic PD with some features suggesting an HIV-induced functional adaptation of dopaminergic neurons that might counterbalance the PD-induced neuronal loss. Concurrent HIV infection does not compromise the outcome of idiopathic PD.
authors.affiliation: *Service de Neurologie, Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France; †Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; ‡Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; §Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France; ‖INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, Paris, France; ¶Unité James Parkinson, Service de Neurologie, Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France; #Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France; **Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Equipe "Alzheimer's and Prion Diseases," Paris, France; ††Département d'Ophtalmologie, Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France; and ‡‡Service d'Ophtalmologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moulignier
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gueguen
authors.forename: François-Xavier
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Lescure
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: Pierre-Marie
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Girard
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cardon
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pialoux
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Brandel
authors.forename: Cédric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lamirel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004285:Dogs; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents