title: Vascular anatomical features of the medial thigh flap in human cadavers of Caucasian origin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Medial fasciocutaneous flaps, which are based on the femoral artery from the thigh region, are used for wide inguinal, scrotal, vaginal, perineal, leg, head and neck defect reconstructions in injured human patients. Within this regard, anatomical knowledge about perforating and cutaneous branches of the femoral artery is important for the surgeons.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, vascular pedicles of the medial thigh perforator flap based on the femoral artery were investigated according to anatomical and surgical landmarks. Human Caucasian preserved cadavers of 15 adults (13 males, 2 females; age range 55-82 years: 30 sides, bilaterally) that were previously formalin fixed were subjected to our analytical examinations. Micro dissections were performed under 4× loop magnification while representing the perforating branches of the femoral artery after filling by coloured latex injection via the external iliac artery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The size and length parameters of these branches which appeared around the apex of the femoral triangle were evaluated. The mean size of the perforating branch at the point of origin was 0.14 cm and the mean size of the cutaneous branch at the point of origin was 0.09 cm, the mean length of the pedicle was 4.74 cm and the mean length of the cutaneous branch was 3.30 cm, respectively. Location of the perforating and the cutaneous branches were also determined according to the surgical landmarks such as the anterior superior iliac spine, inguinal ligament, pubic tubercle and interepicondylar line.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pedicle of the medial flap should locate up to 25 cm from the anterior superior iliac spine so as to preserve the vascular structures. Exact location of this artery helps the surgeons to perform anastomosis in an easier and safer manner during surgical operations.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Edizer
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Magden
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tayfur
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Yonguc
authors.affiliation: Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Izmir, Turkey. nuket.mas@deu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gocmen-Mas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013848:Thigh
keywords: femoral artery; medial thigh flap; reconstruction; vascular pedicle