title: Surface-Bound Molecular Gradients for the High-Throughput Screening of Cell Responses.
abstract: Chemical gradient surfaces are described as surfaces with a gradually varying composition along their length. Continuous chemical gradients have recently been proposed as an alternative to discrete microarrays for the high-throughput screening of the effects of ligand concentration in cells. Here, we review some of the most recent examples in which gradients have been used to evaluate the effect of a varying ligand concentration in cell adhesion, morphology, growth, and differentiation of cells, including some of our recent findings. They show the importance of the organization of ligands at the nanoscale, which is highlighted by abrupt changes in cell behavior at critical concentration thresholds.
authors.affiliation: Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) , Madrid , Spain ; Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lagunas
authors.affiliation: Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) , Madrid , Spain ; Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) , Barcelona , Spain ; Department of Electronics, University of Barcelona (UB) , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) , Madrid , Spain ; Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) , Barcelona , Spain ; Department of Electronics, University of Barcelona (UB) , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Samitier
keywords: cell adhesion; cell differentiation; cell growth; cell morphology; molecular gradient