title: Acrylamide and glycidamide hemoglobin adduct levels and endometrial cancer risk: A nested case-control study in nonsmoking postmenopausal women from the EPIC cohort.
abstract: Acrylamide, classified in 1994 by IARC as "probably carcinogenic to humans," was discovered in 2002 in some heat-treated, carbohydrate-rich foods. Four prospective studies have evaluated the association between dietary acrylamide intake and endometrial cancer (EC) risk with inconsistent results. The purpose of this nested case-control study, based on the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, was to evaluate, for the first time, the association between hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide (HbAA) and glycidamide (HbGA) and the risk of developing EC in non-smoking postmenopausal women. Hemoglobin adducts were measured in red blood cells by HPLC/MS/MS. Four exposure variables were evaluated: HbAA, HbGA, their sum (HbAA+HbGA), and their ratio (HbGA/HbAA). The association between hemoglobin adducts and EC was evaluated using unconditional multivariable logistic regression models, and included 383 EC cases (171 were type-I EC), and 385 controls. Exposure variables were analyzed in quintiles based on control distributions. None of the biomarker variables had an effect on overall EC (HRHbAA;Q5vsQ1 : 0.84, 95%CI: 0.49-1.48; HRHbGA;Q5vsQ1 : 0.94, 95%CI: 0.54-1.63) or type-I EC risk. Additionally, none of the subgroups investigated (BMI < 25 vs. ≥25 kg m(-2) , alcohol drinkers vs. never drinkers, oral contraceptive users vs. non-users) demonstrated effect measure modification. Hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide or glycidamide were not associated with EC or type-I EC risk in 768 nonsmoking postmenopausal women from the EPIC cohort.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Mireia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Obón-Santacana
authors.affiliation: Dietary Exposure Assessment Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Freisling
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.|Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Petra H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.affiliation: Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lujan-Barroso
authors.affiliation: Dietary Exposure Assessment Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Inserm, CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Lifestyle, Genes and Health: Integrative Trans-Generational Epidemiology, Villejuif, France.|Universite Paris Sud, Villejuif, France.|Institut Gustave-Roussy (IGR), Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Boutron-Ruault
authors.affiliation: Inserm, CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Lifestyle, Genes and Health: Integrative Trans-Generational Epidemiology, Villejuif, France.|Universite Paris Sud, Villejuif, France.|Institut Gustave-Roussy (IGR), Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mesrine
authors.affiliation: Cancer Council of Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Melbourne, Australia.|Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baglietto
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Renee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Turzanski-Fortner
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Verena A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Katzke
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boeing
authors.affiliation: Public Health Directorate, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: J Ramón
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Quirós
authors.affiliation: Escuela Andaluza De Salud Pública, Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs, GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios De Granada/Universidad De Granada, Granada, Spain.|CIBER, Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Molina-Portillo
authors.affiliation: CIBER, Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.|Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Regional Government of the Basque Country, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
authors.forename: Nerea
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Larrañaga
authors.affiliation: CIBER, Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain.|Department of Health and Social Sciences, Murcia University, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: María-Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Chirlaque
authors.affiliation: CIBER, Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.|Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain.|Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Aurelio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barricarte
authors.affiliation: University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kay-Tee
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Khaw
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wareham
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ruth C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Travis
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Melissa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Merritt
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Marc J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gunter
authors.affiliation: Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trichopoulou
authors.affiliation: Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece.|Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Pagona
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lagiou
authors.affiliation: Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece.|Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Androniki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naska
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-ISPO, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palli
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sieri
authors.affiliation: Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, "Civic - M.P.Arezzo" Hospital, ASP Ragusa, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tumino
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin, Unit of Cancer Epidemiology-CERMS, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fiano
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics and Cancer Registry, IRCCS Centro Di Riferimento Oncologico Di Basilicata, Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Rionero in Vulture, Potenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Rocco
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Galassom
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.|Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.|Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.|Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: H B As
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Bueno-de-Mesquita
authors.affiliation: Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: N Charlotte
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Onland-Moret
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nutritional Research Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.|Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Idahl
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lundin
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, the Arctic University of Norway, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.|Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.|Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Elisabete
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weiderpass
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vesper
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Elio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riboli
authors.affiliation: Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Duell
mesh_terms: D020106:Acrylamide / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D006454:Hemoglobins; D020106:Acrylamide; C071834:glycidamide
keywords: EPIC; acrylamide; endometrial cancer; glycidamide; hemoglobin adduct