title: Does estradiol have an impact on the dipeptidyl peptidase IV enzyme activity of the Prevotella intermedia group bacteria?
abstract: Initiation and development of pregnancy-associated gingivitis is seemingly related to the microbial shift towards specific gram-negative anaerobes in subgingival biofilms. It is known that Prevotella intermedia sensu lato is able to use estradiol as an alternative source of growth instead of vitamin K. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of estradiol on the bacterial dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) enzyme activity in vitro as a virulent factor of the Prevotella intermedia group bacteria, namely P. intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella pallens, and Prevotella aurantiaca. In all experiments, 2 strains of each Prevotella species were used. Bacteria were incubated with the concentrations of 0, 30, 90, and 120 nmol/L of estradiol and were allowed to build biofilms at an air-solid interface. DPPIV activities of biofilms were measured kinetically during 20 min using a fluorometric assay. The enzyme activity was later related to the amount of protein produced by the same biofilm, reflecting the biofilm mass. Estradiol significantly increased DPPIV activities of the 8 Prevotella strains in a strain- and dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, our in vitro experiments indicate that estradiol regulates the DPPIV enzyme activity of P. intermedia, P. nigrescens, P. pallens, and P. aurantiaca strains differently. Our results may, at least partly, explain the role of estradiol to elicit a virulent state which contributes to the pathogenesis of pregnancy-related gingivitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland. Electronic address: dareen.fteita@utu.fi.
authors.forename: Dareen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fteita
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; Welfare Division, City of Turku, Turku, Finland. Electronic address: eija.kononen@utu.fi.
authors.forename: Eija
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Könönen
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland. Electronic address: mervi.gursoy@utu.fi.
authors.forename: Mervi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gürsoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland. Electronic address: eva.soderling@utu.fi.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Söderling
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland. Electronic address: ulvi.gursoy@utu.fi.
authors.forename: Ulvi Kahraman
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Gürsoy
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018441:Biofilms; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D018713:Prevotella intermedia / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004958:Estradiol; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4
keywords: Biofilm; Dipeptidyl peptidase IV; Enzyme activity; Prevotella; Sex hormone; Virulence