title: Comparing socially disadvantaged smokers who agree and decline to participate in a randomised smoking cessation trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined sociodemographic, smoking and psychosocial characteristics associated with consent to participate in a smoking cessation trial for socially disadvantaged smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline data were collected prior to seeking consent for the Call it Quits, a randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  An Australian social and community service organisation. Sociodemographic, smoking and psychosocial characteristics were compared between smokers who agreed or declined to participate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of the 584 smokers invited to participate, 431 (74%) consented and 153 (26%) declined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Logistic regression modelling indicates the ORs of participation were twice as high for those reporting 'high' motivation to quit compared to the 'moderate' motivation group, and five times higher than the 'low' motivation group (p=0.007). The ORs of consenting were higher for those with a preference for gradual reduction in cigarettes in quit attempts compared with 'no preference'. The ORs were lower for those reporting 'don't know' regarding their enjoyment of smoking compared to 'not at all' enjoying smoking, and reporting that fewer of their family or friends smoked compared to 'most or all'.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is the first to examine the characteristics of socially disadvantaged smokers who consent or decline to participate in a smoking cessation trial. Low-income smokers who are motivated to quit, are not enjoying smoking, had family or friends who smoked, and who are interested in gradual cessation approaches may be more likely to participate in a smoking cessation trial.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ISRCTN85202510.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Medicine, Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Billie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bonevski
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Medicine, Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Twyman
authors.affiliation: Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, University of Newcastle & Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: D'Este
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: West
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion, Social and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siahpush
authors.affiliation: Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oldmeadow
authors.affiliation: Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Kerrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Palazzi
authors.affiliation: Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, University of Newcastle & Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Medicine, Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Ashleigh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guillaumier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016730:Program Development; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D045808:Refusal to Participate / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000517:prevention & control*; D035862:Vulnerable Populations / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Health disparity groups; Recruitment; Smoking cessation trial; Vulnerable groups