title: Operationalizing Pain Treatment in the Biopsychosocial Model: Take a Daily "SWEM"--Socialize, Work, Exercise, Meditate.
abstract: In the United States, chronic pain is often poorly treated at an exceedingly high cost. The use of the biomedical model to manage pain is frequently ineffective, and evidence suggests that the biopsychosocial (BPS) model is a better choice. A problem with the BPS model is that it has not been operationalized in terms of patient behavior. This commentary addresses that issue by suggesting that people with chronic pain and illness participate daily in four self-management health behaviors: socialize, work, exercise, and meditation, and discusses evidence that supports these recommendations. These self-management behaviors may decrease pain and thus reduce the need for pain medications and other medical interventions. Additional topics include patient adherence and health coaching.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Collen
mesh_terms: D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008960:Models, Psychological; D017008:Negotiating / Q000523:psychology*; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012648:Self Care; D014937:Work / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: biopsychosocial model; chronic pain; cognitive pain modulation; employment; exercise; health coaching; meditation; motivational interviewing; patient adherence; self-determination theory; social pain; work