title: Comprehensive urinary metabolomic profiling and identification of potential noninvasive marker for idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Urine metabolic phenotyping has been associated with the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, few studies using a comprehensive metabolomics approach have investigated the correlation between changes in the urinary markers and the progression of clinical symptoms in PD. A comprehensive metabolomic study with robust quality control procedures was performed using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC - MS) and liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC - MS) to characterize the urinary metabolic phenotypes of idiopathic PD patients at three stages (early, middle and advanced) and normal control subjects, with the aim of discovering potential urinary metabolite markers for the diagnosis of idiopathic PD. Both GC-MS and LC-MS metabolic profiles of idiopathic PD patients differed significantly from those of normal control subjects. 18 differentially expressed metabolites were identified as constituting a unique metabolic marker associated with the progression of idiopathic PD. Related metabolic pathway variations were observed in branched chain amino acid metabolism, glycine derivation, steroid hormone biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, and phenylalanine metabolism. Comprehensive, successive metabolomic profiling revealed changes in the urinary markers associated with progression of idiopathic PD. This profiling relies on noninvasive sampling, and is complementary to existing clinical modalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Hemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luan
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.|Mr. &Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Liang-Feng
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Manwen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.|Mr. &Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Ka-Kit
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.|Mr. &Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Ju-Xian
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Vincent C T
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Mok
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.|Mr. &Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Zongwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010641:Phenotype; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D015415:Biomarkers