title: Role of Antagonistic Microorganisms and Organic Amendment in Stimulating the Defense System of Okra Against Root Rotting Fungi.
abstract: Without application of chemical pesticides control of soilborne diseases is a great challenge. Stimulation of natural plant's defense is considered as one of the most promising alternative strategy for crop protection. Organic amendment of soil besides direct suppressing the pathogen, has been reported to have an influence on phytochemicals in plants. In the present study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium and Paecilomyces lilacinus, an egg parasite of root knot and cysts nematodes were examined individually and in combination in soil amended with cotton cake for suppressing the root rotting fungi and stimulating the synthesis of polyphenols and improving the antioxidant status in okra. Application of P. aeruginosa and P. lilacinus in soil amended with cotton cake significantly (P < 0.05) suppressed Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium solani with complete reduction of Rhizoctonia solani. Combine use of biocontrol agents in cotton cake amended soil showed maximum positive impact on plant growth, polyphenol concentration and antioxidant activity in okra.
authors.forename: Hafiza Asma
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Shafique
authors.forename: Viqar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sultana
authors.forename: Jehan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ara
authors.forename: Syed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ehteshamul-Haque
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Athar
mesh_terms: D028483:Abelmoschus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D000975:Antioxidants; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000378:metabolism; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D005658:Fungi / Q000502:physiology*; D003368:Gossypium; D010143:Paecilomyces / Q000502:physiology; D010851:Picrates; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D010851:Picrates; D059808:Polyphenols; D012987:Soil; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl