title: Advantage in Bright-blood and Black-blood Magnetic Resonance Imaging with High-resolution for Analysis of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  About 50% of the cerebral ischemia events are induced by intracranial and extracranial atherosclerosis. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy for displaying atherosclerotic plaques in carotid arteries and analyzing their ingredients by using high-resolution new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Totally, 49 patients suspected of extracranial carotid artery stenosis were subjected to cranial MRI scan and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) examination on carotid arteries, and high-resolution bright-blood and black-blood MRI analysis was carried out within 1 week. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) examination was carried out for 16 patients within 1 month.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Totally, 103 plaques were detected in the 49 patients, which were characterized by localized or diffusive thickening of the vessel wall, with the intrusion of crescent-shaped abnormal signal into lumens. Fibrous cap was displayed as isointensity in T1-weighted image (T1WI) and hyperintensities in proton density weighted image (PDWI) and T2-weighted image (T2WI), lipid core was displayed as isointensity or slight hyperintensities in T1WI, isointensity, hyperintensities or hypointensity in PDWI, and hypointensity in T2WI. Calcification in plaques was detected in 11 patients. Eight patients were detected with irregular plaque surface or ulcerative plaques, which were characterized by irregular intravascular space surface in the black-blood sequences, black hypointensity band was not detected in three-dimensional time-of-flight, or the hypointensity band was not continuous, and intrusion of hyperintensities into plaques can be detected. Bright-blood and black-blood techniques were highly correlated with the diagnosis of contrast-enhanced MRA in angiostenosis degree, Rs = 0.97, P < 0.001. In comparison to DSA, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRI diagnosis of stenosis for ≥50% were 88.9%, 100%, and 97.9%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-resolution bright-blood and black-blood sequential MRI analysis can accurately analyze ingredients in atherosclerotic plaques. Determined by DSA, MRI diagnosis of stenosis can correctly evaluate the serious degree of arteriostenosis.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wei-Jie
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Ming-Hua
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yue-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Qu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D016893:Carotid Stenosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity