title: Use of regenerative tissue for urinary diversion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is a large interest in developing tissue engineered urinary diversions (TEUDs) in order to reduce the significant morbidity that results from utilization of the alimentary tract in the urinary system. Preclinical trials have been favorable but durable clinical results have not been realized. The present article will review the pertinent concepts for the clinical development of a successful TEUD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Studies continue to identify novel scaffold materials and cell populations that are combined to generate TEUDs. Scaffold composition range from synthetic material to decelluarized bladder tissue. Cell types vary from fully differentiated adult populations such as smooth muscle cells isolated from the bladder to stem cell populations including mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. Each scaffold and cell type has its advantages and disadvantages with no clear superior component having been identified. Recent clinical trials have been disappointing, supporting the need for additional investigation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Successful application of TEUDs requires a complex interplay of scaffold, cells, and host environment. Studies continue to investigate candidate scaffold materials, cell populations, and combinations thereof to determine which will best recapitulate the complex structure of the human genitourinary tract.
authors.affiliation: The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Nikolai A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Sopko
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kates
authors.forename: Trinity J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Bivalacqua
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D006801:Humans; D012038:Regeneration; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014547:Urinary Diversion / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*