title: Host contributions to construction of three device-associated Candida albicans biofilms.
abstract: Among the most fascinating virulence attributes of Candida is the ability to transition to a biofilm lifestyle. As a biofilm, Candida cells adhere to a surface, such as a vascular catheter, and become encased in an extracellular matrix. During this mode of growth, Candida resists the normal immune response, often causing devastating disease. Based on scanning electron microscopy images, we hypothesized that host cells and proteins become incorporated into clinical biofilms. As a means to gain an understanding of these host-biofilm interactions, we explored biofilm-associated host components by using microscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Here we characterize the host proteins associated with several in vivo rat Candida albicans biofilms, including those from vascular catheter, denture, and urinary catheter models as well as uninfected devices. A conserved group of 14 host proteins were found to be more abundant during infection at each of the niches. The host proteins were leukocyte and erythrocyte associated and included proteins involved in inflammation, such as C-reactive protein, myeloperoxidase, and alarmin S100-A9. A group of 59 proteins were associated with both infected and uninfected devices, and these included matricellular and inflammatory proteins. In addition, site-specific proteins were identified, such as amylase in association with the denture device. Cellular analysis revealed neutrophils as the predominant leukocytes associating with biofilms. These experiments demonstrate that host cells and proteins are key components of in vivo Candida biofilms, likely with one subset associating with the device and another being recruited by the proliferating biofilm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Jeniel E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Nett
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zarnowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cabezas-Olcoz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Erin G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.affiliation: Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Institute for Microbiology, Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bernhardt
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Marchillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Deane F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Mosher
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA dra@medicine.wisc.edu.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Andes
mesh_terms: D000681:Amylases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D040502:Calgranulin B / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D003778:Dentures / Q000382:microbiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology*; D007249:Inflammation; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D062885:Urinary Catheters / Q000382:microbiology; D062666:Vascular Access Devices / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D040502:Calgranulin B; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D009195:Peroxidase; D000681:Amylases