title: Quorum-Sensing Kinetics in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A Symphony of ARO Genes and Aromatic Alcohols.
abstract: The kinetics of quorum sensing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied using a mini-fermentation platform. The quorum-sensing molecules were monitored using our previous HPLC approach that is here supported by quantitative real-time PCR analysis of the quorum-sensing genes. We thus initially confirm correlations between peak production rates of the monitored quorum-sensing molecules 2-phenylethanol, tryptophol, and tyrosol and peak expression of the genes responsible for their synthesis: ARO8, ARO9, and ARO10. This confirms the accuracy of our previously implemented kinetic model, thus favoring its use in further studies in this field. We also show that the quorum-sensing kinetics are precisely dependent on the population growth phase and that tyrosol production is also regulated by cell concentration, which has not been reported previously. Additionally, we show that during wine fermentation, ethanol stress reduces the production of 2-phenylethanol, tryptophol, and tyrosol, which opens new challenges in the control of wine fermentation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana , Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Avbelj
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana , Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Jure
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zupan
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana , Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Luka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kranjc
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana , Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.|Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska , Polje 42, 6310 Izola, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Raspor
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005285:Fermentation; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D007211:Indoles / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D053038:Quorum Sensing; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000637:Transaminases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000438:Alcohols
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D000637:Transaminases; C011867:4-hydroxyphenylethanol; C005949:tryptophol; D000438:Alcohols; C541341:aromatic aminotransferase II, S cerevisiae
keywords: 2-phenylethanol; ARO genes; quorum sensing; real-time PCR; tryptophol; tyrosol; wine fermentation