title: Memory-updating abrogates extinction of learned immunosuppression.
abstract: When memories are recalled, they enter a transient labile phase in which they can be impaired or enhanced followed by a new stabilization process termed reconsolidation. It is unknown, however, whether reconsolidation is restricted to neurocognitive processes such as fear memories or can be extended to peripheral physiological functions as well. Here, we show in a paradigm of behaviorally conditioned taste aversion in rats memory-updating in learned immunosuppression. The administration of sub-therapeutic doses of the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A together with the conditioned stimulus (CS/saccharin) during retrieval blocked extinction of conditioned taste aversion and learned suppression of T cell cytokine (interleukin-2; interferon-γ) production. This conditioned immunosuppression is of clinical relevance since it significantly prolonged the survival time of heterotopically transplanted heart allografts in rats. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that memories can be updated on both neural and behavioral levels as well as on the level of peripheral physiological systems such as immune functioning.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hadamitzky
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bösche
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedriatric Rheumatology & Immunology, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wirth
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Buck
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Beetz
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045-7503, USA.
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Christians
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045-7503, USA.
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schniedewind
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lückemann
authors.affiliation: Department of Biopsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Onur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Güntürkün
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Engler
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany. Electronic address: manfred.schedlowski@uk-essen.de.
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schedlowski
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000502:physiology; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005108:Extinction, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000502:physiology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013649:Taste / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007376:Interleukin-2; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016572:Cyclosporine
keywords: Cytokines; Extinction; Immunosuppression; Interleukin-2; Memory-updating