title: Studies of Metabolism Using (13)C MRS of Hyperpolarized Probes.
abstract: First described in 2003, the dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) technique, combined with (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), has since been used in numerous metabolic studies and has become a valuable metabolic imaging method. DNP dramatically increases the level of polarization of (13)C-labeled compounds resulting in an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of over 50,000 fold for the MRS spectrum of hyperpolarized compounds. The high SNR enables rapid real-time detection of metabolism in cells, tissues, and in vivo. This chapter will present a comprehensive review of the DNP approaches that have been used to monitor metabolism in living systems. First, the list of (13)C DNP probes developed to date will be presented, with a particular focus on the most commonly used probe, namely [1-(13)C] pyruvate. In the next four sections, we will then describe the different factors that need to be considered when designing (13)C DNP probes for metabolic studies, conducting in vitro or in vivo hyperpolarized experiments, as well as acquiring, analyzing, and modeling hyperpolarized (13)C data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Myriam M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Chaumeil
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Chloé
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Najac
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. Electronic address: sabrina.ronen@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Sabrina M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ronen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D006801:Humans; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008660:Metabolism; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D019289:Pyruvic Acid
keywords: Cancer; DNP probes; Dynamic nuclear polarization; Hyperpolarized (13)C; MR spectroscopy; Metabolism; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Pyruvate