title: Prevalence of and factors associated with lumbar spondylolisthesis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence of and elucidate risk factors for lumbar spondylolisthesis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1843 patients registered to the Akita Orthopedic Group on Rheumatoid Arthritis registry, participants comprised 128 patients who had undergone comprehensive radiographic examinations. The presence of lumbar spondylolisthesis (≥5% slip percentage) was assessed from L1 to L5 on lateral plain radiographs. At the time of radiographic evaluation, we also determined the following: RA disease duration; stage and class of Steinbrocker's classification; serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and matrix metalloproteinase-3; disease activity for RA; history of joint surgery; the presence of cervical spinal instability; and details and doses of medications for RA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-seven (36.7%) patients showed lumbar spondylolisthesis (L4, 48%; L3, 29%; L2, 13%; L5, 10%). Among these, Meyerding Grade was I in 89% and II in 11%. Multivariate analysis showed lumbar spondylolisthesis as significantly and independently associated with higher serum CRP level (odds ratio (OR), 1.50; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00-2.25; p = 0.048) and history of joint surgery (OR, 2.87; 95%CI, 1.22-6.72; p = 0.015).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More than one-third of patients with RA in this cohort had lumbar spondylolisthesis, and significant associations with higher serum CRP levels and history of joint surgery were identified.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Akita University Graduate School of Medicine , Akita, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugimura
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Akita University Graduate School of Medicine , Akita, Japan.
authors.forename: Naohisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyakoshi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Akita University Graduate School of Medicine , Akita, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Akita University Graduate School of Medicine , Akita, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kasukawa
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Akita University Graduate School of Medicine , Akita, Japan.
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hongo
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Akita University Graduate School of Medicine , Akita, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimada
keywords: Lumbar spondylolisthesis; Rheumatoid arthritis; Risk factors