title: Hemozoin "knobs" in Opisthorchis felineus infected liver.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hemozoin is the pigment produced by some blood-feeding parasites. It demonstrates high diagnostic and therapeutic potential. In this work the formation of co-called hemozoin "knobs" - the bile duct ectasia filled up by hemozoin pigment - in Opisthorhis felineus infected hamster liver has been observed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The O. felineus infected liver was examined by histological analysis and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The pigment hemozoin was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis. Hemozoin crystals were characterised by high resolution transmission electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hemozoin crystals produced by O. felineus have average length 403 nm and the length-to-width ratio equals 2.0. The regurgitation of hemozoin from parasitic fluke during infection leads to formation of bile duct ectasia. The active release of hemozoin from O. felineus during in vitro incubation has also been evidenced. It has been shown that the hemozoin knobs can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the paper for the first time the characterisation of hemozoin pigment extracted from liver fluke O. felineus has been conducted. The role of hemozoin in the modification of immune response by opisthorchiasis is assumed.
authors.affiliation: Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovsky trakt, 634050, Tomsk, Russia. allysyz@mail.ru.|National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenina Ave, Tomsk, 634050, Russia. allysyz@mail.ru.
authors.forename: Alexandra G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Pershina
authors.affiliation: Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovsky trakt, 634050, Tomsk, Russia. ira.saltikova@mail.ru.|National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenina Ave, Tomsk, 634050, Russia. ira.saltikova@mail.ru.
authors.forename: Irina V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Saltykova
authors.affiliation: Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovsky trakt, 634050, Tomsk, Russia. ivanovvv1953@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vladimir V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Ivanov
authors.affiliation: Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovsky trakt, 634050, Tomsk, Russia. catherineperina@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ekaterina A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Perina
authors.affiliation: Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, UB RAS, 22, S. Kovalevskoy St, 620137, Yekaterinburg, Russia. demin@ios.uran.ru.
authors.forename: Alexander M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Demin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, 10, Lavrentyev Ave, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia. shevelev.oleg.nsk@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Oleg B
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Shevelev
authors.affiliation: Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine", 4, Timakova St, 630117, Novosibirsk, Russia. ibuzueva@physiol.ru.
authors.forename: Irina I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Buzueva
authors.affiliation: Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, SB RAS, 13, Lavrentyev Ave, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. gut@isp.nsc.ru.
authors.forename: Anton K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gutakovskii
authors.affiliation: Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovsky trakt, 634050, Tomsk, Russia. wtorushin@rambler.ru.
authors.forename: Sergey V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Vtorushin
authors.affiliation: Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, UB RAS, 22, S. Kovalevskoy St, 620137, Yekaterinburg, Russia. ing@ios.uran.ru.
authors.forename: Ilya N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Ganebnykh
authors.affiliation: Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, UB RAS, 22, S. Kovalevskoy St, 620137, Yekaterinburg, Russia. ka@ios.uran.ru.
authors.forename: Victor P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Krasnov
authors.affiliation: Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovsky trakt, 634050, Tomsk, Russia. al_sazonov@mail.ru.
authors.forename: Alexey E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Sazonov
authors.affiliation: Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovsky trakt, 634050, Tomsk, Russia. lm-ogorodova@mail.ru.
authors.forename: Ludmila M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ogorodova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006224:Cricetinae; D006420:Hemeproteins / Q000032:analysis*; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009889:Opisthorchiasis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology*; D009891:Opisthorchis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development*; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000032:analysis; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D006420:Hemeproteins; D010860:Pigments, Biological; C020753:hemozoin