title: Regulation of production of the blue pigment indigoidine by the pseudo γ-butyrolactone receptor FarR2 in Streptomyces lavendulae FRI-5.
abstract: The γ-butyrolactone autoregulator signaling cascade is widely distributed among Streptomyces species as an important regulatory system of secondary metabolism. In Streptomyces lavendulae FRI-5, a γ-butyrolactone autoregulator IM-2 and the IM-2 specific receptor FarA control production of the blue pigment indigoidine together with two types of antibiotics: d-cycloserine and the nucleoside antibiotics. Here, we demonstrated by in silico analysis that farR2 (a farA homologue), which is located in a cluster of regulatory genes including farA, belongs to the family of pseudoreceptor regulator genes, and that the expression of farR2 is controlled by the IM-2/FarA regulatory system. Disruption of farR2 resulted in delayed production of indigoidine and in transcriptional derepression of the clustered far regulatory genes. Moreover, FarR2 bound to the FarA-binding sequences in the promoter regions of the regulatory genes that were downregulated by FarR2.
authors.affiliation: International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Yohanes Novi
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Kurniawan
authors.affiliation: International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitani
authors.affiliation: International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.affiliation: International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Asa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.affiliation: International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Jelger
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lycklama a Nijeholt
authors.affiliation: International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Yong Jik
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; MU-OU Collaborative Research Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Electronic address: nihira@icb.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nihira
mesh_terms: D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003198:Computer Simulation; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D005809:Genes, Regulator / Q000235:genetics; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics; D010881:Piperidones / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D064210:Secondary Metabolism; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C037481:4-butyrolactone receptor; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D010881:Piperidones; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; C107543:IM 2 autoregulator; C446045:indigoidine; D015107:4-Butyrolactone
keywords: Autoregulator receptor; Indigoidine; Pseudoreceptor regulator; Streptomyces; γ-Butyrolactone autoregulator