title: [Caesarean section: History, epidemiology, and ethics to diminish its incidence].
abstract: Cesarean section has become the most performed surgery and it has been enhanced with the use of antibiotics and improvement in surgical techniques. The aim of this systematic review is to describe and clarify some historical and ethical characteristics of this surgery, pointing out some aspects about its epidemiological behavior, becoming a topic that should be treated globally, giving priority to the prevention and identification of factors that may increase the incidence rates. Today, this "epidemic" reported rates higher than fifty percent, so it is considered a worldwide public health problem. Consequently, in Mexico strategies aimed at its reduction have been implemented. However, sociocultural, economic, medicolegal and biomedical factors are aspects that may difficult this goal. As we decrease the percentage of cesarean section in nulliparous patients, we diminish the number of iterative cesarean and its associated complications. This aim must be achieved through the adherence to the guidelines which promote interest in monitoring and delivery care in health institutions of our country.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad 23, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México. dr.gmtz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gerardo Jesús
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Martínez-Salazar
authors.forename: Pedro Mario
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Grimaldo-Valenzuela
authors.forename: Gloria Gabriela
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Peña
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reyes-Segovia
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Torres-Luna
authors.forename: Gabriela Virginia
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Escudero-Lourdes
mesh_terms: D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000941:ethics / Q000266:history* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000066491:Clinical Decision-Making / Q000941:ethics; D005260:Female; D049668:History, 15th Century; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D008800:Mexico; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000266:history; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000266:history; D011247:Pregnancy
keywords: Cesarean section; Obstetric labor complications