title: Nrf2 in health and disease: current and future clinical implications.
abstract: The transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) is a major regulator of oxidative stress defence in the human body. As Nrf2 regulates the expression of a large battery of cytoprotective genes, it plays a crucial role in the prevention of degenerative disease in multiple organs. Thus it has been the focus of research as a pharmacological target that could be used for prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis, chronic kidney disease or cardiovascular diseases. The present review summarizes promising findings from basic research and shows which Nrf2-targeting therapies are currently being investigated in clinical trials and which agents have already entered clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany othman.al-sawaf@rwth-aachen.de cwruck@ukaachen.de.
authors.forename: Othman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Al-Sawaf
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Clarner
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen. Germany.
authors.forename: Athanassios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fragoulis
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Yuet Wai
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pufe
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine III - Gastroenterology and Metabolic Disorders, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Konrad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Streetz
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany othman.al-sawaf@rwth-aachen.de cwruck@ukaachen.de.
authors.forename: Christoph Jan
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wruck
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D055808:Drug Discovery; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495635:NFE2L2 protein, human
keywords: Nrf2; cardiovascular disease; chronic kidney disease; clinical trials; multiple sclerosis; oxidative stress