title: Tracking the startle response of guppies Poecilia reticulata in three dimensions.
abstract: A three-dimensional analysis of startle behaviours of guppies Poecilia reticulata, in dyads or alone, from two populations that show distinct differences in shoaling behaviour was performed. During the first few seconds after a startling stimulus, changes in behaviour, which could be critical if an individual is to survive a predatory attack, and the interactions between pairs of P. reticulata were examined. The enhanced social interactions immediately after the stimulus, as a proxy for shoaling behaviour, and their dissipation were quantified. Social (individuals tested in dyads) v. asocial (tested alone) responses to the startling stimulus were also compared. The three-dimensional reconstruction, from a two-camera, high-frame-rate tracking system allowed for the tracking of the individuals' speed and speed recovery and, for P. reticulata in dyads, interindividual distance and orientation. For the dyads from the high-predation population, the closer the individuals were to each other, the more likely they were to be parallel, but no correlation was found for the low-predation P. reticulata. The startle response of P. reticulata comprised the following sequence: freezing, darting and skittering and recovery to pre-stimulus swimming behaviour. Upon repeated encounters with the stimulus, a reduced shoaling and startle response was observed, although the rate of reduction was faster in P. reticulata from the high-predation population than those from the low-predation population. The results are discussed in light of what is known about the anti-predator behaviour of this species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 George St, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A7, Canada.|Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vanesyan
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada.
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Rodd
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 George St, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A7, Canada.|Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Ryu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D005260:Female; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D011036:Poecilia / Q000502:physiology*; D011235:Predatory Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D013216:Reflex, Startle; D012919:Social Behavior; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: 3D tracking; anti-predator behaviour; darting; freezing; habituation; shoaling