title: The PRISMS taxonomy of self-management support: derivation of a novel taxonomy and initial testing of its utility.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Supporting self-management is a core response of health care systems globally to the increasing prevalence of long-term conditions. Lack of a comprehensive taxonomy (or classification) of self-management support components hinders characterization and, ultimately, understanding of these frequently complex, multi-component interventions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop a comprehensive, descriptive taxonomy of self-management support components.
  
  
  METHODS
  Components were derived from the 969 unique randomized controlled trials described in the 102 systematic reviews and 61 implementation trials, examining 14 diverse long-term conditions included in the Practical Reviews in Self-Management Support (PRISMS) project followed by discussion at an expert stakeholder workshop. The utility of the taxonomy was then tested using a self-management support intervention for cancer survivors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PRISMS taxonomy comprises 14 components that might be used to support self-management (e.g. information about condition/management, provision of equipment, social support), when delivered to someone with a long-term condition or their carer. Overarching dimensions are delivery mode; personnel delivering the support; intervention targeting; and intensity, frequency and duration of the intervention. The taxonomy does not consider the effectiveness or otherwise of the different components or the overarching dimensions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PRISMS taxonomy offers a framework to researchers describing self-management support interventions, to reviewers synthesizing evidence and to developers of health services for people with long-term conditions.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Technology Enabled Health Research (CTEHR), Coventry University, UK.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.affiliation: Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
authors.forename: Hannah L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Parke
authors.affiliation: Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Allergy and Respiratory Research Group, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Hilary
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pinnock
authors.affiliation: Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Epiphaniou
authors.affiliation: Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science (CERS), Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, UK.
authors.forename: Claire L A
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bourne
authors.affiliation: Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Allergy and Respiratory Research Group, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Aziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sheikh
authors.affiliation: Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK s.j.c.taylor@qmul.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Stephanie J C
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D017028:Caregivers; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000458:organization & administration; D012648:Self Care / Q000145:classification* / Q000379:methods*; D012944:Social Support; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000379:methods
keywords: complex intervention; dissemination; implementation; long-term condition and chronic illness; self-management and self-care; taxonomy