title: Nigella sativa fixed and essential oil modulates glutathione redox enzymes in potassium bromate induced oxidative stress.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nigella sativa is an important component of several traditional herbal preparations in various countries. It finds its applications in improving overall health and boosting immunity. The current study evaluated the role of fixed and essential oil of Nigella sativa against potassium bromate induced oxidative stress with special reference to modulation of glutathione redox enzymes and myeloperoxidase.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animals; 30 rats (Sprague Dawley) were divided in three groups and oxidative stress was induced using mild dose of potassium bromate. The groups were on their respective diets (iso-caloric diets for a period of 56 days) i.e. control and two experimental diets containing N. sativa fixed (4%) and essential (0.3%) oils. The activities of enzymes involved in glutathione redox system and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The experimental diets modulated the activities of enzymes i.e. glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) positively. Indices of antioxidant status like tocopherols and glutathione were in linear relationship with that of GPx, GR and GST (P<0.01). MPO activities were in negative correlation with GST (P<0.01) but positive correlation with some other parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicated that both Nigella sativa fixed and essential oil are effective in improving the antioxidant indices against potassium bromate induced oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Tauseef
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Sultan
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Masood Sadiq
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Butt
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Food Science & Technology, University of Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, MY, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Roselina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karim
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Waqas
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicines, University of Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ubedullah
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shakeel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
authors.forename: Saikat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dewanjee
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. hawazej@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hawa Z E
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Jaafar
authors.affiliation: The Patent Office, Karachi, Pakistan. ahirzia@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zia-Ul-Haq
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001959:Bromates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D031881:Nigella sativa / Q000737:chemistry*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001959:Bromates; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; C019536:potassium bromate; D009195:Peroxidase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione; D024505:Tocopherols