title: Clinical significance of psychiatric comorbidity in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: subtyping a complex disorder.
abstract: A promising approach in relation to reducing phenotypic heterogeneity involves the identification of homogeneous subtypes of OCD based on age of onset, gender, clinical course and comorbidity. This study aims to assess the sociodemographic characteristics and clinical features of OCD patients in relation to gender and the presence or absence of another comorbid disorder. The sample comprised 112 children and adolescents of both sexes and aged 8-18 years, all of whom had a diagnosis of OCD. Overall, 67 % of OCD patients had one comorbid diagnosis, 20.5 % had two such diagnoses and 2.6 % had three comorbid diagnoses. The group of OCD patients with a comorbid neurodevelopmental disorder had significantly more family history of OCD in parents (p = .049), as compared with the no comorbidity group and the group with a comorbid internalizing disorder, and they also showed a greater predominance of males (p = .013) than did the group with a comorbid internalizing disorder. The group of OCD patients with internalizing comorbidity had a later age of onset of OCD (p = .001) compared with both the other groups. Although the initial severity was similar in all three groups, the need for pharmacological treatment and for hospitalization due to OCD symptomatology was greater in the groups with a comorbid neurodevelopmental disorder (p = .038 and p = .009, respectively) and a comorbid internalizing disorder (p = .008 and p = .004, respectively) than in the group without comorbidity. Our findings suggest that two subtypes of OCD can be defined on the basis of the comorbid pathology presented. The identification of different subtypes according to comorbidity is potentially useful in terms of understanding clinical variations, as well as in relation to treatment management and the use of therapeutic resources.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, C/Villaroel 170, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, 08036, Spain. aeortiz@clinic.ub.es.
authors.forename: A E
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9453-0568
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, C/Villaroel 170, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, 08036, Spain.|Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.|Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morer
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, C/Villaroel 170, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, 08036, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, C/Villaroel 170, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, 08036, Spain.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Plana
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, C/Villaroel 170, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, 08036, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cordovilla
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, C/Villaroel 170, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, 08036, Spain.|Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.|Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lázaro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D065886:Neurodevelopmental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D012737:Sex Factors
keywords: Children and adolescents; Clinical features; Obsessive–compulsive disorders; Psychiatric comorbidity