title: Lichen Secondary Metabolite, Physciosporin, Inhibits Lung Cancer Cell Motility.
abstract: Lichens produce various unique chemicals that can be used for pharmaceutical purposes. To screen for novel lichen secondary metabolites showing inhibitory activity against lung cancer cell motility, we tested acetone extracts of 13 lichen samples collected in Chile. Physciosporin, isolated from Pseudocyphellaria coriacea (Hook f. & Taylor) D.J. Galloway & P. James, was identified as an effective compound and showed significant inhibitory activity in migration and invasion assays against human lung cancer cells. Physciosporin treatment reduced both protein and mRNA levels of N-cadherin with concomitant decreases in the levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers such as snail and twist. Physciosporin also suppressed KITENIN (KAI1 C-terminal interacting tetraspanin)-mediated AP-1 activity in both the absence and presence of epidermal growth factor stimulation. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of the metastasis suppressor gene, KAI1, was increased while that of the metastasis enhancer gene, KITENIN, was dramatically decreased by physciosporin. Particularly, the activity of 3'-untranslated region of KITENIN was decreased by physciosporin. Moreover, Cdc42 and Rac1 activities were decreased by physciosporin. These results demonstrated that the lichen secondary metabolite, physciosporin, inhibits lung cancer cell motility through novel mechanisms of action.
authors.affiliation: Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-950, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-950, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: So-Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-950, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Thanh Thi
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-950, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Hyun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-950, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tru Van
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 500-872, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Gene
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-950, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jayalal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Udeni
authors.affiliation: Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-950, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Hye
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 747-721, Chile.
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-950, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Cheol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-950, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung-Ho
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 500-872, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Keun
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-950, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Seoun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-950, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hangun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000737:chemistry; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / Q000187:drug effects; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D051861:Kangai-1 Protein / Q000235:genetics; D008011:Lichens / Q000378:metabolism*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010082:Oxepins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D051861:Kangai-1 Protein; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010082:Oxepins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; C488287:VANGL1 protein, human; C000607989:physciosporin; D000096:Acetone; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins