title: Anandamide mediates cognitive judgement bias in rats.
abstract: In the present study, we investigated the effects of acute pharmacological manipulation of the endocannabinoid (EC) system on the valence of cognitive judgement bias of rats in the ambiguous-cue interpretation (ACI) paradigm. To accomplish this goal, after initial behavioural training, different groups of rats received single, systemic injections of the irreversible anandamide (AEA) hydrolysis inhibitor URB597, the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) inverse agonist AM251, the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) inverse agonist AM630, the combination of URB597 and AM251, and a combination of URB597 and AM630 and were subsequently tested with the ACI paradigm. We report that URB597 at a dose of 1 mg/kg significantly biased animals towards positive interpretation of the ambiguous cue and that this effect was abolished by pre-treatment with AM251 (1 mg/kg) or AM630 (1 mg/kg). The CB1 and CB2 inverse agonists administered alone (1 mg/kg) had no statistically significant effects on the interpretation of the ambiguous cue by rats. Our findings suggest involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the mediation of optimistic judgement bias.
authors.affiliation: Affective Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Drug Development, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kregiel
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pain Pathophysiology, Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna Street 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Malek
authors.affiliation: Affective Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Drug Development, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Popik
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pain Pathophysiology, Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna Street 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Starowicz
authors.affiliation: Affective Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Drug Development, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland. Electronic address: rygula@gmail.com.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rygula
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D015982:Bias; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002219:Carbamates / Q000494:pharmacology; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects; D003463:Cues; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D063388:Endocannabinoids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007600:Judgment / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D001549:Benzamides; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002219:Carbamates; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D010880:Piperidines; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D011720:Pyrazoles; C500528:cyclohexyl carbamic acid 3'-carbamoylbiphenyl-3-yl ester; C103505:AM 251; C078814:anandamide
keywords: Ambiguous-cue; Cognitive judgement bias; Endocannabinoid system; FAAH inhibition; Rat