title: Facilitating the implementation of the American College of Surgeons/Association of Program Directors in Surgery phase III skills curriculum: training faculty in the assessment of team skills.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Effective teamwork is critical to safety in the operating room; however, implementation of phase III of the American College of Surgeons (ACS) and Association of Program Directors in Surgery (APDS) Curriculum that focuses on team-based skills remains worryingly low. Training and assessing the complexities of teamwork is challenging. The objective of this study was to establish guidelines and recommendations for training faculty in assessing/debriefing team skills.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multistage survey-based consensus study was completed by 108 experts responsible for training and assessing surgical residents from the ACS Accredited Educational Institutes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Experts agreed that a program to teach faculty to assess team-based skills should include training in the recognition of teamwork skills, practice rating these skills, and training in the provision of feedback/debriefing. Agreement was reached that faculty responsible for conducting team-based skills assessment should be revalidated every 2 years and stringent proficiency criteria should be met.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Faculty development is critical to ensure high-quality, standardized training and assessment. Training faculty to assess team-based skills has the potential to facilitate the effective implementation of phase III of the ACS and APDS Curriculum.
authors.affiliation: Imperial Patient Safety Translational Research Centre (Imperial PSTRC), Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK. Electronic address: l.hull@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hull
authors.affiliation: Imperial Patient Safety Translational Research Centre (Imperial PSTRC), Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK.
authors.forename: Sonal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Carolinas Simulation Center, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stefanidis
authors.affiliation: Imperial Patient Safety Translational Research Centre (Imperial PSTRC), Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK.
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sevdalis
mesh_terms: D003479:Curriculum; D005180:Faculty, Medical; D005246:Feedback; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000592:standards*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D012955:Societies, Medical; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States
keywords: Assessment; Faculty development; Nontechnical skills; Teamwork; Training