title: Bronchodilators use in patients with COPD.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bronchodilators are commonly used as maintenance and rescue therapy in patients with COPD. We aimed to examine the prescribing patterns of bronchodilators in clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified patients with COPD who initiated oral or inhaled bronchodilators between 2001 and 2010 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. We followed the patients for 1 year. For bronchodilator prescriptions, we classified the treatments based on medication classes and regimens (oral bronchodilators alone, oral and inhaled bronchodilators in combination, or inhaled bronchodilators alone). For inhaled bronchodilator prescriptions, we further classified the treatments as short-acting bronchodilators alone, short-acting and long-acting bronchodilators in combination, and long-acting bronchodilators alone. We evaluated the prescribing patterns and the change with time, in different physician specialists, and in different hospital accreditation levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among a cohort of 4,387 study-eligible patients, we identified 21,235 bronchodilator prescriptions for the analysis. The majority of prescriptions were oral xanthines or beta-2 agonists (62.63% and 47.54%, respectively) rather than prescriptions for inhaled bronchodilators (less than 10%). Nearly 80% of prescriptions were oral bronchodilator alone regimens. Use of oral bronchodilators declined with time and varied with health care providers, which were most commonly prescribed by non-chest specialists and in primary care clinics. Despite limited use of inhaled bronchodilators, it was noted that short-acting bronchodilators alone regimens accounted for 60% of the inhaled bronchodilator prescriptions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excessive use of oral and short-acting bronchodilators is noted in general practice. Further research and education programs are warranted to decrease inadequate oral bronchodilators and optimize inhaled treatments in the management of patients with COPD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA ; Center of Comparative Effectiveness Research, National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yaa-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ying-Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Hsuin
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Center of Comparative Effectiveness Research, National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mei-Shu
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D000068:Accreditation / Q000639:trends; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D017723:Drug Utilization Review; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000639:trends*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013038:Specialization / Q000639:trends; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents
keywords: bronchodilators; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; prescribing patterns Taiwan