title: Mobile Sensor Application for Kinematic Detection of the Knees.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To correctly measure the knee joint angle, this study utilized a Qualisys motion capture system and also used it as the reference to assess the validity of the study's Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) system that consisted of four IMU sensors and the Knee Angle Recorder software. The validity was evaluated by the root mean square (RMS) of different angles and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values between the Qualisys system and the IMU system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four functional knee movement tests for ten healthy participants were investigated, which were the knee flexion test, the hip and knee flexion test, the forward step test and the leg abduction test, and the walking test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The outcomes of the knee flexion test, the hip and knee flexion test, the forward step test, and the walking test showed that the RMS of different angles were less than 6°. The ICC values were in the range of 0.84 to 0.99. However, the leg abduction test showed a poor correlation in the measurement of the knee abduction-adduction movement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IMU system used in this study is a new good method to measure the knee flexion-extension movement.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Tossaphon
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jaysrichai
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Areerat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suputtitada
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Watcharapong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Khovidhungij
keywords: Knee joint; Motion; Sensors; Validation studies; Wireless technology