title: Industrial alkyd resins: characterization of pentaerythritol and phthalic acid esters using integrated mass spectrometry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alkyd resins are synthetic polyesters used as paints and coatings. Current approaches for their analysis do not allow the characterization of pentaerythritol and phthalic acid esters, whose detection is interesting to fully characterize the materials, e.g. for forensic or cultural heritage applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  A combined analytical approach based on Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/MS and flow injection analysis (FIA)/MS was adopted. GC/MS was used to characterize the fatty acid profile and the polybasic acids in extracts from industrial alkyd resins. HPLC/MS and FIA/MS were used for the characterization of the triglyceride profile of the oil used to manufacture the resin and for the identification of reaction products deriving from the synthesis process.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The multi-analytical approach was applied on two different industrial alkyd resins produced from two different oils. The GC/MS analysis was successful in characterizing the fatty acid profile and the aromatic fraction of the resin. The HPLC/MS analysis allowed us to characterize the pentaerythritol and phthalic acid ester and the triglycerides residues from the synthesis process, by studying their high-resolution tandem mass spectra.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The application of liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry to the study of industrial alkyd resins allowed us to characterize for the first time the esters formed by the transesterification reactions involving pentaerythritol, phthalic acid and triglycerides.
authors.affiliation: University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via Moruzzi 3, I-56123, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Jacopo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: La Nasa
authors.affiliation: University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via Moruzzi 3, I-56123, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Degano
authors.affiliation: University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via Moruzzi 3, I-56123, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Modugno
authors.affiliation: University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via Moruzzi 3, I-56123, Pisa, Italy.|Institute for the Conservation and Promotion of Cultural Heritage, National Research Council of Italy (ICVBC-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50099, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Perla
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Colombini
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004951:Esterification; D004952:Esters / Q000737:chemistry*; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000379:methods; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D011409:Propylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D012117:Resins, Synthetic / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004952:Esters; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D011409:Propylene Glycols; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; C032279:phthalic acid; C008783:pentaerythritol