title: Factors controlling permeability of the blood-brain barrier.
abstract: As the primary protective barrier for neurons in the brain, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) exists between the blood microcirculation system and the brain parenchyma. The normal BBB integrity is essential in protecting the brain from systemic toxins and maintaining the necessary level of nutrients and ions for neuronal function. This integrity is mediated by structural BBB components, such as tight junction proteins, integrins, annexins, and agrin, of a multicellular system including endothelial cells, astrocytes, pericytes, etc. BBB dysfunction is a significant contributor to the pathogeneses of a variety of brain disorders. Many signaling factors have been identified to be able to control BBB permeability through regulating the structural components. Among those signaling factors are inflammatory mediators, free radicals, vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinases, microRNAs, etc. In this review, we provide a summary of recent progress regarding these structural components and signaling factors, relating to their roles in various brain disorders. Attention is also devoted to recent research regarding impact of pharmacological agents such as isoflurane on BBB permeability and how iron ion passes across BBB. Hopefully, a better understanding of the factors controlling BBB permeability helps develop novel pharmacological interventions of BBB hyperpermeability under pathological conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Malott Hall 5044, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
authors.forename: Mohammed M A
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Almutairi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Malott Hall 5044, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
authors.forename: Yuexian G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050016, China.
authors.forename: Yanzhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Malott Hall 5044, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA. hshi@ku.edu.
authors.forename: Honglian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D018171:Agrin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D017302:Annexins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015777:Eicosanoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016023:Integrins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D054631:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 3 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D062725:Tight Junction Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018171:Agrin; D000777:Anesthetics; D017302:Annexins; D016207:Cytokines; D015777:Eicosanoids; D016023:Integrins; D035683:MicroRNAs; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D062725:Tight Junction Proteins; D007501:Iron; D054631:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 3
keywords: Agrin; Anesthetics; Annexins; Inflammatory mediators; Integrins; MicroRNAs