title: Time to unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment outcome, Cambodia, China, and Viet Nam.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency and characteristics of patients with unsuccessful tuberculosis (TB) treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Random selection of TB case registers among all treatment units in Cambodia, two provinces in China, and Viet Nam. The data of two calendar years were analyzed to assess unsuccessful outcomes and their time of occurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 33 309 TB patients, treatment was unsuccessful in respectively 10.1%, 3.0% and 9.1% of patients in Cambodia, China and Viet Nam. The risk of death was highest in Cambodia, higher among males than females, increased with age, and was more common among retreatment cases than new cases, and among patients with a high than a low sputum smear microscopy grade. Half of all deaths occurred in the first 2 months in Cambodia and within 11 weeks in China and Viet Nam. Median time to default was 3 months in Cambodia and Viet Nam, and about 2 months in China.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment was highly successful in the three study countries, with a low proportion of death and default. As the majority of defaulting occurs at the beginning of treatment, all countries should critically review their current policy of treatment support in this period.
authors.affiliation: National Tuberculosis Program, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Hoa
authors.affiliation: National Center for Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sokun
authors.affiliation: National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark ; EpiData Association, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lauritsen
authors.affiliation: International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France ; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Rieder
keywords: treatment outcome; tuberculosis; tuberculosis case register; unsuccessful outcome