title: Sociodemographic characteristics determine dietary pattern adherence during pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sociodemographic factors may affect adherence to specific dietary patterns during pregnancy. The present study aimed to identify dietary patterns during pregnancy and associated factors among Brazilian pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional analysis. Dietary intake was evaluated with a semi-quantitative FFQ during the first postpartum week; the time frame included the second and third gestational trimesters. Principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns during pregnancy. Sociodemographic data were obtained using a structured questionnaire. Multiple linear regressions were applied to test the associations between the sociodemographic factors and dietary patterns.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mesquita, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postpartum women (n 327) who were 18-45 years of age and Mesquita residents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three different dietary patterns were identified: 'healthy' (mainly comprising legumes, vegetables and fruits), 'mixed' (mainly comprising candy, butter and margarine, and snacks) and 'traditional' (mainly comprising beans and rice). Women with a higher monthly per capita family income (β=0·0006; 95% CI 0·0001, 0·001; P=0·011) and women of older age (β=0·021; 95% CI -0·001, 0·042; P=0·058) were more likely to adhere to the 'healthy' dietary pattern. Women with higher parity were less likely to adhere to the 'healthy' pattern (β=-0·097; 95% CI -0·184, -0·009; P=0·030) and were more likely to adhere to the 'traditional' pattern (β=0·098; 95% CI 0·021, 0·175; P=0·012). Although not statistically significant, older women were less likely to adhere to the 'mixed' (β=-0·017; 95% CI -0·037, 0·003; P=0·075) and 'traditional' (β=-0·018; 95% CI -0·037, 0·001; P=0·061) dietary patterns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monthly per capita family income, parity and maternal age were factors associated with adherence to a healthy diet during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: 1Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory,Department of Social and Applied Nutrition,Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro,Federal University of Rio de Janeiro,Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 367,CCS - Bloco J - 2º andar - sala 29,Cidade Universitária - Ilha do Fundão,Rio de Janeiro,RJ,21941-590,Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Beatriz Trindade
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: de Castro
authors.affiliation: 1Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory,Department of Social and Applied Nutrition,Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro,Federal University of Rio de Janeiro,Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 367,CCS - Bloco J - 2º andar - sala 29,Cidade Universitária - Ilha do Fundão,Rio de Janeiro,RJ,21941-590,Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Amélia
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Freitas Vilela
authors.affiliation: 2Graduate Program in Nutrition,Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro,Federal University of Rio de Janeiro,Rio de Janeiro,RJ,Brazil.
authors.forename: Alessandra Silva Dias
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: 3EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health,University of Porto,Porto,Portugal.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cabral
authors.affiliation: 4Department of Public Health,Institute of Public Health,Federal University of Mato Grosso,Cuiabá,MT,Brazil.
authors.forename: Rita Adriana Gomes
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: 1Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory,Department of Social and Applied Nutrition,Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro,Federal University of Rio de Janeiro,Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 367,CCS - Bloco J - 2º andar - sala 29,Cidade Universitária - Ilha do Fundão,Rio de Janeiro,RJ,21941-590,Brazil.
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kac
authors.affiliation: 5Department of Epidemiology,Institute of Social Medicine,State University of Rio de Janeiro,Rio de Janeiro,RJ,Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosely
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sichieri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight; D001938:Brazil; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D000072001:Diet, Healthy; D002149:Energy Intake; D007887:Fabaceae; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014675:Vegetables; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Demographic data; Factor analysis; Maternal diet; Pregnancy; Socio-economic factors; Women