title: Experimal study of young male drivers' responses to vehicle collision using EMG of lower extremity.
abstract: A driver's response to a front-coming vehicle collision consists of braking reaction time and braking behavior. The purpose was to investigate drivers' responses at different speeds, relative distances, and particularly the behavior on the accelerator at the collision moment. Twelve young men participated in driving simulator tests. Vehicle parameters and electromyograms (EMGs) of the drivers' tibialis anterior muscles were recorded and responses were analyzed. The drivers' braking reaction time windows were divided into pre-motor time, muscle activation time, accelerator release time, and movement time. By comparing the reaction times and collision times, braking behaviors were investigated. It was found that movement times (r = -0.281) decreased with speed. Pre-motor times (r = 0.326) and muscle activation times (r = 0.281) increased with relative distance. At the collision moment, the probability of the driver's lower extremity being on the accelerator, in the air, and on the brake pedal was 7.4%, 18.9%, and 73.7%, respectively. With higher speeds and smaller distances, the lower extremity was more likely to be in the air or even on the accelerator in different muscle activation states. The driver will collide in normal driving postures which muscles are not or not fully activated in very urgent situation.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Automobile Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, P.R. China.|State Key Laboratory of Vehicle NVH and Safety Technology, Changan Automobile Holding Ltd, Chongqing 401120, P.R. China.|Changan Automobile Holding Ltd. Automotive Engineering Institute, Chongqing 401120, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhenhai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Automobile Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chuzhao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Automobile Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hongyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Vehicle NVH and Safety Technology, Changan Automobile Holding Ltd, Chongqing 401120, P.R. China.|Changan Automobile Holding Ltd. Automotive Engineering Institute, Chongqing 401120, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Spine Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
authors.forename: Chaoyang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Vehicle NVH and Safety Technology, Changan Automobile Holding Ltd, Chongqing 401120, P.R. China.|Changan Automobile Holding Ltd. Automotive Engineering Institute, Chongqing 401120, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Huili
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: Drivers’ responses; braking behavior; braking reaction time; collision; electromyogram