title: Are small adrenal incidentalomas solely a radiological finding?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The criterium defining the threshold size of adrenal incidentaloma (AI) is a size greater than 1 cm diameter. However, data concerning AI≤1 cm in diameter is scant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the function of adrenal masses≤1 cm and to compare them with adrenal masses>1 cm.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 130 consecutive patients with AI (38 and 92 AI at ≤ 1 cm and > 1 cm, respectively). The patients were evaluated according to demographic and hormonal characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of SCS was 5.3 and 12% in AI≤1 cm and > 1 cm diameter, respectively. Hyperaldosteronism was found only in patients with > 1 cm AI. Pheochromocytoma were not found in either group. Patients with > 1 cm AI had a higher prevalence of SCS and primary hyperaldosteronism than patients with ≤ 1 cm AI, but the difference was not significant. The prevalence of diabetes and hypertension was high both in non-functional AI with ≤ 1 cm and > 1 cm patients and showed no significant difference between the 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study is the first to focus on the clinical and hormonal characteristics of patients with ≤ 1 cm AI. Those with AI≤1 cm harboured SCS, as was the case for AI>1 cm. Similar to AI>1 cm, non-functional AI≤1 cm also had a higher prevalence of diabetes and hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eroglu
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Erbag
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Turkon
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Binnetoglu
authors.affiliation: General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ozkul
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gunes
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.affiliation: Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ukinc
authors.affiliation: Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asik
mesh_terms: D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006929:Hyperaldosteronism / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011859:Radiography