title: Comparative Analysis of Linear and Angular Measurements on Digital Orthopantomogram with Calcaneus Bone Mineral Density.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bone remodeling is a continuous and complex process which occurs throughout life. Radiomorphometric and radioangular indices on the orthopantomogram are the predictors of bone remodeling associated with mandible. Bone mineral density is the amount of calcified tissue in a certain volume of the bone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty normal healthy individuals within the age range of 25-55 years were included in the study. Linear measurements including mandibular cortical width (MCW) and panoramic mandibular index (PMI); and angular measurements including mandibular angle (MA) and antegonial angle (AGA) were recorded. Quantitative ultrasound bone mineral density (BMD) scan of the heel bone (calcaneus) of the same patient were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our study, for both males and females, antegonial angle (AGA) had highest correlation with calcaneus bone mineral density. In the age group of less than 35 years, PMI in males, and AGA in females had highest correlation. In the age range of more than 35 years, MA in males and AGA in females had highest correlation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a correlation between the mandibular bone remodelling changes and calcaneal bone mineral density in case of elder subjects and thus these parameters may be used as an inexpensive alternative screening method to assess the bone mineral density and identify individuals at risk for osteoporosis and fractures and also for dental treatment planning.
authors.affiliation: Post Graduate Resident, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Mahatma Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences , Pondicherry, India .
authors.forename: Mohammed Kamran
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Shakeel
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Mahatma Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences , Pondicherry, India .
authors.forename: Mariappan Jonathan
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Mahatma Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences , Pondicherry, India .
authors.forename: Subramaniam Vasudevan
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Mahatma Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences , Pondicherry, India .
authors.forename: Ramadoss
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koliyan
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Mahatma Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences , Pondicherry, India .
authors.forename: Jimsha Vannathan
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Kumar
keywords: Antegonial; Osteoporosis; Radiomorphometric; Remodeling