title: Diet-Quality Scores and Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Population Study Using Proton-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.
abstract: Dietary pattern analysis is an alternative approach to examine the association between diet and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study examined the association of two diet-quality scores, namely Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) and Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) with NAFLD prevalence. Apparently healthy Chinese adults (332 male, 465 female) aged 18 years or above were recruited through a population screening between 2008 and 2010 in a cross-sectional population-based study in Hong Kong. DQI-I and MDS, as well as major food group and nutrient intakes were calculated based on dietary data from a food frequency questionnaire. NAFLD was defined as intrahepatic triglyceride content at ≥5% by proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the association between each diet-quality score or dietary component and prevalent NAFLD with adjustment for potential lifestyle, metabolic and genetic factors. A total of 220 subjects (27.6%) were diagnosed with NAFLD. DQI-I but not MDS was associated with the prevalence of NAFLD. A 10-unit decrease in DQI-I was associated with 24% increase in the likelihood of having NAFLD in the age and sex adjusted model (95% CI: 1.06-1.45, p = 0.009), and the association remained significant when the model was further adjusted for other lifestyle factors, metabolic and genetic factors [OR: 1.26 (95% CI: 1.03-1.54), p = 0.027]. Multivariate regression analyses showed an inverse association of the intake of vegetables and legumes, fruits and dried fruits, as well as vitamin C with the NAFLD prevalence (p<0.05). In conclusion, a better diet quality as characterized by a higher DQI-I and a higher consumption of vegetables, legumes and fruits was associated with a reduced likelihood of having NAFLD in Hong Kong Chinese.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Centre for Nutritional Studies, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Vincent Wai-Sun
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Winnie Chiu-Wing
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Grace Lai-Hung
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Liz Sin
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Jockey Club Centre for Osteoporosis Care and Control, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Angel Mei-Ling
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Chim
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: David Ka-Wai
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Centre for Nutritional Studies, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Mandy Man-Mei
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sea
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Centre for Nutritional Studies, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Francis Ka-Leung
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Henry Lik-Yuen
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015930:Diet Records; D004034:Diet Surveys / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008049:Lipase / Q000235:genetics; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D015995:Prevalence; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult; D000217:Acyltransferases; D054512:Phospholipases A2, Calcium-Independent
chemical_list: D008049:Lipase; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C533682:PNPLA3 protein, human; D000217:Acyltransferases; D054512:Phospholipases A2, Calcium-Independent