title: Assessment of Global Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis by Patients and Physicians: Differences Across Countries in the METEOR Database.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to compare the differences between patient global disease activity (PtGDA) and physician global disease activity (PhGDA) score within and across 13 countries in the METEOR (Measurement of Efficacy of Treatment in the "Era of Outcome" in Rheumatology) database.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from METEOR were used to compare PtGDA and PhGDA, scored independently on a 100-mm visual analog scale from 0 (best possible) until 100 (worst possible), in 23,117 visits in 5709 anonymized patients during the period between 2008 and 2012. Linear mixed models were used to model mean differences between PtGDA and PhGDA in 13 countries (Brazil, Czech Republic, France, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Mexico, the Netherlands, Pakistan, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom, and the United States), adjusted for differences in Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28). Generalized estimating equations were used to model differences (>20 mm) between PtGDA and PhGDA score as the outcome and countries as determinants, adjusted for DAS28.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean difference between PtGDA and PhGDA scores varied by country, from -2 mm (physician scores higher) in Mexico to +14 mm (patient scores higher) in Brazil. "Country" was a significant determinant of the difference between PtGDA and PhGDA scores, independent of differences in DAS28. With the Netherlands as reference, PtGDA and PhGDA scores for individual patients differ significantly in almost all (n = 10) countries, with the exception of France and Spain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences between patients' and physicians' assessment of GDA vary across the countries. Influence of country must be taken into account when interpreting discordances between the patient's and the physician's assessment of GDA in rheumatoid arthritis.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of *Rheumatology and †Biostatistics, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; ‡Rheumatology Department, Hospital Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil; §Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, and Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France; ∥Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; ¶on behalf of GISEA, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; #UMass Memorial Medical Center and University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; **Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; ††University of Liverpool Academic Rheumatology Unit, Clinical Sciences Centre, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, United Kingdom; ‡‡Department of Rheumatology, Coimbra University, Portugal; §§Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; ∥∥Department of Rheumatology and Medicine Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; and ¶¶Rheumatology department, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam & Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gvozdenović
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wolterbeek
authors.forename: Cornelia F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Allaart
authors.forename: Claiton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brenol
authors.forename: Maxime
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dougados
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Emery
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferraccioli
authors.forename: Désirée
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van der Heijde
authors.forename: Tom Wj
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Huizinga
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martin Mola
authors.forename: Rob J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Moots
authors.forename: José António Pereira
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smolen
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Veale
authors.forename: Robert Bm
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Landewé
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D057566:Self Report; D012720:Severity of Illness Index