title: Out of Hours Emergency Computed Tomography Brain Studies: Comparison of Standard 3 Megapixel Diagnostic Workstation Monitors With the iPad 2.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose was to compare performance of diagnostic workstation monitors and the Apple iPad 2 (Cupertino, CA) in interpretation of emergency computed tomography (CT) brain studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two experienced radiologists interpreted 100 random emergency CT brain studies on both on-site diagnostic workstation monitors and the iPad 2 via remote access. The radiologists were blinded to patient clinical details and to each other's interpretation and the study list was randomized between interpretations on different modalities. Interobserver agreement between radiologists and intraobserver agreement between modalities was determined and Cohen kappa coefficients calculated for each. Performance with regards to urgent and nonurgent abnormalities was assessed separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was substantial intraobserver agreement of both radiologists between the modalities with overall calculated kappa values of 0.959 and 0.940 in detecting acute abnormalities and perfect agreement with regards to hemorrhage. Intraobserver agreement kappa values were 0.939 and 0.860 for nonurgent abnormalities. Interobserver agreement between the 2 radiologists for both diagnostic monitors and the iPad 2 was also substantial ranging from 0.821-0.860.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The iPad 2 is a reliable modality in the interpretation of CT brain studies in them emergency setting and for the detection of acute and chronic abnormalities, with comparable performance to standard diagnostic workstation monitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address: umersalati@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Umer
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Salati
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Sum
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Donnellan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Hong Kuan
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kok
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Orla
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Torreggiani
mesh_terms: D039602:After-Hours Care; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D034201:Computers, Handheld; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015588:Observer Variation; D011873:Radiology Information Systems / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019112:Teleradiology / Q000295:instrumentation*
keywords: Computed tomography brain; Emergencies; Picture archiving and communication system; iPad 2