title: Shock Wave Lithotripsy in Ureteral Stones: Evaluation of Patient and Stone Related Predictive Factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the patient and stone related factors which may influence the final outcome of SWL in the management of ureteral stones.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between October 2011 and October 2013, a total of 204 adult patients undergoing SWL for single ureteral stone sizing 5 to 15 mm were included into the study program. The impact of both patient (age, sex, BMI,) and stone related factors (laterality, location, longest diameter and density as CT HU) along with BUN and lastly SSD (skin to stone distance) on fragmentation were analysed by univariate and multivariate analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stone free rates for proximal and distal ureteral stones were 68.8% and 72.7%, respectively with no statistically significant difference between two groups (p=0.7). According to univariate and multivariate analyses, while higher BMI (mean: 26.8 and 28.1, p=0.048) and stone density values (mean: 702 HU and 930 HU, p < 0.0001) were detected as statistically significant independent predictors of treatment failure for proximal ureteral stones, the only statistically significant predicting parameter for the success rates of SWL in distal ureteral stones was the higher SSD value (median: 114 and 90, p=0.012).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings have clearly shown that while higher BMI and increased stone attenuation values detected by NCCT were significant factors influencing the final outcome of SWL treatment in proximal ureteral stones; opposite to the literature, high SSD was the only independent predictor of success for the SWL treatment of distal ureteral stones.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozgur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yazici
authors.affiliation: Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tuncer
authors.affiliation: Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cahit
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.affiliation: Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Demirkol
authors.affiliation: Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kafkasli
authors.affiliation: Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sarica
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D019220:High-Energy Shock Waves / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D014508:Urea