title: Modified NLC-loaded coumarin for pharmaceutical applications: the improvement of physical stability and controlled release profile.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coumarin-6 is a lipophilic dye and is often used as a model in delivery system.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to improve the nonstructured lipid carrier (NLC) system loading with lipophilic molecule, coumarin-6, and to investigate its characteristics in terms of physical stability and controlled release profile.
  
  
  METHODS
  Initially, the selection of the coating polymer was observed. Then, the preparation of the conventional NLC-loaded coumarin-6 was compared to the modified NLC-loaded coumarin-6 via the probe sonication. The physical properties and stability were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The release profile was established using fluorescent spectroscopic method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The size and zeta potential measurement showed significant decrease in the size range of the modified NLC-loaded coumarin and the lower intensity of the surface charge compared to the NLC-loaded coumarin. The change of crystallinity observed from DSC and XRD techniques indicated the molecular dispersion of coumarin-6 in the lipid matrix of NLC. The FT-IR spectra were also proven that coumarin-6 was entrapped in the NLC molecule. The result showed comparable controlled release profile to the conventional preparation with no difference on the cytotoxicity level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The modified NLC delivery system, therefore, exhibited the acceptable potential as a nanocarrier.
authors.affiliation: a NANOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) , 111 Thailand Science Park, Thanon Phahonyothin, Tambon Khlong Nueng, Amphoe Khlong Luang , Pathum Thani , Thailand.
authors.forename: Jayanant
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iemsam-Arng
authors.affiliation: a NANOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) , 111 Thailand Science Park, Thanon Phahonyothin, Tambon Khlong Nueng, Amphoe Khlong Luang , Pathum Thani , Thailand.
authors.forename: Onuma
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ketchart
authors.affiliation: a NANOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) , 111 Thailand Science Park, Thanon Phahonyothin, Tambon Khlong Nueng, Amphoe Khlong Luang , Pathum Thani , Thailand.
authors.forename: Tirapote
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rattana-Amron
authors.affiliation: a NANOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) , 111 Thailand Science Park, Thanon Phahonyothin, Tambon Khlong Nueng, Amphoe Khlong Luang , Pathum Thani , Thailand.
authors.forename: Tuksadon
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wutikhun
authors.affiliation: a NANOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) , 111 Thailand Science Park, Thanon Phahonyothin, Tambon Khlong Nueng, Amphoe Khlong Luang , Pathum Thani , Thailand.
authors.forename: Satita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tapaneeyakorn
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003374:Coumarins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D004355:Drug Stability; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D000078329:Workforce
chemical_list: D003374:Coumarins; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D008055:Lipids; D013844:Thiazoles; C517282:coumarin 6
keywords: Crystallinity; in vitro release; lipophilicity; nanodelivery system; stability