title: Simultaneous Administration of Dexamethasone and Vitamin E Reversed Experimental Varicocele-induced Impact in testicular tissue in Rats; Correlation with Hsp70-2 Chaperone Expression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of isolated and co-administration of vitamin E (VitE) and dexamethasone (DEX) on varicocele (VCL)-induced damages in testicular tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=6), including; control-sham, non-treated VCL-induced, VitE-treated VCL-induced (VitE, 150 mg/kg, orally), DEX-administrated VCL-induced (DEX, 0.125 mg/kg, i.p.), VitE+DEX-received VCL-induced animals. The antioxidant status analyses, histopathological examinations, hormonal assay and tissue levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were analyzed. The germinal epithelium RNA damage and Leydig cells steroidogenesis were analyzed. Moreover, the Hsp70-2 protein expression was examined based on immunohistochemical and western blot analyses. The sperm parameters, DNA integrity and chromatin condensation were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VitE and DEX in simultaneous form of administration significantly (P<0.05) down-regulated the tissue ALP level and attenuated the VCL-decreased GSH-px, SOD and TAC levels and remarkably (P<0.05) down-regulated the testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) contents. The VCL-induced histopathological alterations significantly (P<0.05) improved in VitE and DEX-administrated animals. The VitE and DEX co-administration reduced the VCL-increased RNA damage and elevated the Leydig cells steroidogenic activity. The Hsp70-2 protein level completely (P<0.05) increased in VitE and DEX alone-and-simultaneous-administrated animals. Finally, the VitE and DEX could significantly (P<0.05) improve the VCL-decreased semen quality and improved the sperm DNA integrity and chromatin condensation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that Vit E by up-regulating the antioxidant status and DEX by reducing inflammation-dependent oxidative and nitrosative stresses could improve the VCL-reduced Hsp70-2 chaperone expression and ultimately protected the testicular endocrine activities and promoted the spermatogenesis process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Hajar
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khosravanian
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Mazdak
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Razi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Farah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Farokhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Narges
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khosravanian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002843:Chromatin / Q000502:physiology; D004249:DNA Damage; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000032:analysis; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D020011:Protective Agents; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000032:analysis; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D014646:Varicocele / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002843:Chromatin; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D020011:Protective Agents; D014810:Vitamin E; D013739:Testosterone; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D003907:Dexamethasone; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase