title: Potential of the reversed-inject differential flow modulator for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography in the quantitative profiling and fingerprinting of essential oils of different complexity.
abstract: In this study, the first capillary flow technology reverse-inject differential flow modulator was implemented with different column configurations (lengths, diameters and stationary phase coupling) and detector combinations (mass spectrometry--MS and flame ionization detection--FID) to evaluate its potential in the quantitative profiling and fingerprinting of medium-to-highly complex essential oils. In particular, a parallel dual-secondary column dual-detection configuration that has shown to improve the information potential also with thermally modulated GC × GC platforms (MS identification reliability and accurate FID quantitation), was tested. Several system performance parameters (separation measure SGC × GC, modulation ratio MR, separation space used and peak symmetry) were evaluated by analyzing a mixture of volatiles of interest in the flavor and fragrance field. The systems demonstrating the best chromatographic performance were selected for quantitative profiling of lavender and mint essential oils and fingerprinting of vetiver essential oil. Experimental results demonstrate that careful tuning of column dimensions and system configurations yields improved: (a) selectivity; (b) operable carrier gas linear velocities at close-to-optimal values; (c) (2)D separation power by extending the modulation period and (d) handling of overloaded peaks without dramatic losses in resolution and quantitative accuracy.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Turin, Italy. Electronic address: chiara.cordero@unito.it.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cordero
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rubiolo
authors.affiliation: SRA Intruments SpA, Cernusco sul Naviglio, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cobelli
authors.affiliation: SRA Intruments SpA, Cernusco sul Naviglio, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stani
authors.affiliation: Agilent Technologies Italia SpA, Cernusco sul Naviglio, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miliazza
authors.affiliation: Agilent Technologies, Wilmington, DE, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giardina
authors.affiliation: Agilent Technologies, Wilmington, DE, USA.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Firor
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bicchi
mesh_terms: D005410:Flame Ionization; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000032:analysis*; D010476:Perfume / Q000032:analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010476:Perfume
keywords: Essential oil analysis; Fingerprinting; Parallel dual secondary column-dual detection; Quantitative profiling; Reverse-inject differential flow modulation; Two-dimensional comprehensive gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and flame ionization detection