title: Performance evaluation of a versatile multidimensional chromatographic preparative system based on three-dimensional gas chromatography and liquid chromatography-two-dimensional gas chromatography for the collection of volatile constituents.
abstract: The present research deals with the multi-collection of the most important sesquiterpene alcohols belonging to sandalwood essential oil, as reported by the international regulations: (Z)-α-santalol, (Z)-α-trans bergamotol, (Z)-β-santalol, epi-(Z)-β-santalol, α-bisabolol, (Z)-lanceol, and (Z)-nuciferol. A versatile multidimensional preparative system, based on the hyphenation of liquid and gas chromatography techniques, was operated in the LC-GC-GC-prep or GC-GC-GC-prep configuration, depending on the concentration to be collected from the sample, without any hardware or software modification. The system was equipped with a silica LC column in combination with polyethylene glycol-poly(5% diphenyl/95% dimethylsiloxane)-medium polarity ionic liquid or β-cyclodextrin based GC stationary phases. The GC-GC-GC-prep configuration was exploited for the collection of four components, by using a conventional split/splitless injector, while the LC-GC-GC-prep approach was applied for three low abundant components (<5%), in order to increase the quantity collected within a single run, by the LC injection of a high sample amount. All target compounds, whose determination is hampered by the unavailability of commercial standards, were collected at milligram levels and with a high degree of purity (>87%).
authors.affiliation: "Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute" Department, University of Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Sebastiano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pantò
authors.affiliation: "Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute" Department, University of Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Danilo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sciarrone
authors.affiliation: "Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute" Department, University of Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Mariarosa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maimone
authors.affiliation: "Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute" Department, University of Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ragonese
authors.affiliation: "Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute" Department, University of Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giofrè
authors.affiliation: "Scienze dell'Ambiente, della Sicurezza, del Territorio, degli Alimenti e della Salute" Department, University of Messina, viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Donato
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Institute, Division of Cellular Transplantation of Surgery, University of Miami, 33136 Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farnetti
authors.affiliation: "Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute" Department, University of Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o "Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute" Department, University of Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: lmondello@unime.it.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mondello
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D000081222:Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000032:analysis*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000032:analysis; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D032123:Santalum / Q000737:chemistry; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000032:analysis; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D000081222:Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; C043206:santalol; C004497:bisabolol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C031215:betadex; C076763:sandalwood oil
keywords: Cyclodextrins; Heart-cutting; Ionic liquids; LC–GC; Multidimensional gas chromatography; Preparative GC; Sandalwood