title: Effect of the Rho Kinase Inhibitor Y-27632 on Corneal Endothelial Wound Healing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor eye drops for treating severe corneal endothelial damage due to surgical invasion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A rabbit corneal endothelial damage model was created by mechanically scraping half the area of the corneal endothelium of eighteen eyes of Japanese white rabbits. A selective ROCK inhibitor, Y-27632 (10 mM), was applied topically for 2 weeks, and then the anterior segment was evaluated by slitlamp microscopy. The corneal endothelium was evaluated by phalloidin staining and immunohistochemical analysis. We then conducted pilot clinical research and applied Y-27632 eye drops topically to three patients who exhibited severe corneal edema due to corneal endothelial damage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the corneal endothelial damage rabbit model, more Ki67-positive cells were detected in Y-27632-treated eyes than in control eyes. Five of six corneas became transparent in Y-27632-treated eyes, whereas zero of six corneas became transparent in the control eyes (P < 0.01). Actin fibers were distributed at the cell cortex in the eyes treated with Y-27632, whereas actin distribution was partially disrupted, and stress fibers were observed in control eyes. N-cadherin and Na+/K+-ATPase were expressed in almost all cells in Y-27632-treated eyes, but expression decreased in control eyes. Preliminary human cases confirmed that ROCK inhibitor eye drops were considerably effective for treatment of corneal edema associated with cataract surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ROCK inhibitor may be developed as an eye drop for treating acute corneal endothelial damage to prevent progression of bullous keratopathy. (University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry no. UMIN000003625; www.umin.ac.jp/ctr).
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan 2Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryota
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan.
authors.forename: Yugo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan 3Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koizumi
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D065306:Corneal Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004728:Endothelium, Corneal / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; C108830:Y 27632; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases