title: Evolutionary impact of transposable elements on genomic diversity and lineage-specific innovation in vertebrates.
abstract: Since their discovery, a growing body of evidence has emerged demonstrating that transposable elements are important drivers of species diversity. These mobile elements exhibit a great variety in structure, size and mechanisms of transposition, making them important putative actors in organism evolution. The vertebrates represent a highly diverse and successful lineage that has adapted to a wide range of different environments. These animals also possess a rich repertoire of transposable elements, with highly diverse content between lineages and even between species. Here, we review how transposable elements are driving genomic diversity and lineage-specific innovation within vertebrates. We discuss the large differences in TE content between different vertebrate groups and then go on to look at how they affect organisms at a variety of levels: from the structure of chromosomes to their involvement in the regulation of gene expression, as well as in the formation and evolution of non-coding RNAs and protein-coding genes. In the process of doing this, we highlight how transposable elements have been involved in the evolution of some of the key innovations observed within the vertebrate lineage, driving the group's diversity and success.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Ian A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Magali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naville
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.|Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Domitille
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chalopin
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Perrine
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Chloé Suzanne
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Galiana
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France. Jean-Nicolas.Volff@ens-lyon.fr.
authors.forename: Jean-Nicolas
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Volff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015321:Gene Rearrangement; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016678:Genome; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D018626:Retroelements; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014161:Transduction, Genetic; D014714:Vertebrates / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D018626:Retroelements; D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: Diversity; Lineage-specific evolution; New genes; Transposable elements; Vertebrates