title: Movement velocity as a measure of exercise intensity in three lower limb exercises.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between movement velocity and relative load in three lower limbs exercises commonly used to develop strength: leg press, full squat and half squat. The percentage of one repetition maximum (%1RM) has typically been used as the main parameter to control resistance training; however, more recent research has proposed movement velocity as an alternative. Fifteen participants performed a load progression with a range of loads until they reached their 1RM. Maximum instantaneous velocity (Vmax) and mean propulsive velocity (MPV) of the knee extension phase of each exercise were assessed. For all exercises, a strong relationship between Vmax and the %1RM was found: leg press (r(2)adj = 0.96; 95% CI for slope is [-0.0244, -0.0258], P < 0.0001), full squat (r(2)adj = 0.94; 95% CI for slope is [-0.0144, -0.0139], P < 0.0001) and half squat (r(2)adj = 0.97; 95% CI for slope is [-0.0135, -0.00143], P < 0.0001); for MPV, leg press (r(2)adj = 0.96; 95% CI for slope is [-0.0169, -0.0175], P < 0.0001, full squat (r(2)adj = 0.95; 95% CI for slope is [-0.0136, -0.0128], P < 0.0001) and half squat (r(2)adj = 0.96; 95% CI for slope is [-0.0116, 0.0124], P < 0.0001). The 1RM was attained with a MPV and Vmax of 0.21 ± 0.06 m s(-1) and 0.63 ± 0.15 m s(-1), 0.29 ± 0.05 m s(-1) and 0.89 ± 0.17 m s(-1), 0.33 ± 0.05 m s(-1) and 0.95 ± 0.13 m s(-1) for leg press, full squat and half squat, respectively. Results indicate that it is possible to determine an exercise-specific %1RM by measuring movement velocity for that exercise.
authors.affiliation: a Faculdade de Desporto , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.|b Laboratório de Biomecânica , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.
authors.forename: Filipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Conceição
authors.affiliation: a Faculdade de Desporto , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.
authors.forename: Juvenal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: c College of Arts and Science , School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University , Nottingham , UK.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: d Facultad del Deporte , Universidad Pablo de Olavide , Sevilla , Spain.
authors.forename: Juan José
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gonzaléz-Badillo
authors.affiliation: e Faculty of Physical Sciences and Sport , Catholic University of San Antonio , Murcia , Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jimenéz-Reyes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D053580:Muscle Strength; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D055070:Resistance Training; D016474:Weight-Bearing; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Resistance training; intensity; movement velocity; strength