title: Alcohol consumption and hazardous drinking in western Kenya--a household survey in a health and demographic surveillance site.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alcohol use and hazardous drinking have been studied in school children and in urban areas of Kenya, but there has been no adult survey of these issues in a rural household population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study reports the prevalence of alcohol consumption and hazardous drinking in a household survey of a demographic surveillance site in rural Kenya. Information collected included demographic characteristics, socio-economic factors, recent life events and perceived social support. Alcohol consumption was assessed by questions about quantity and frequency. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) measured hazardous alcohol use. The Clinical Interview Schedule- Revised assessed common mental disorder, and the Psychosis Screening Questionnaire indicated the presence of psychotic symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study found that lifetime and current alcohol consumption were 10.8% and 9.2% respectively. Current alcohol consumption was significantly higher in men (OR 0.4, p < 0.001 for women) and in the self-employed (OR 1.8, p = 0.013), after adjustment for factors significant at the bivariate level. Hazardous drinking was significantly higher in men (OR 0.3, p < 0.001 for women), people living in larger households (OR 1.8, p = 0.021), people who were single (OR 1.7, p = 0.093), and in those who are self-employed (OR 1.8, p = 0.036), after adjustment for factors significant at the bivariate level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that alcohol consumption and hazardous drinking in the general population in a poor rural area in Nyanza Province is still relatively low. This represents an important public health educational opportunity to keep such rates low before increasing income and employment opportunities enable higher access to alcohol and other substances, and before the higher consumption found by studies on urban youth, especially neighbouring Kisumu town, spreads to the rural areas.
authors.affiliation: Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, de Crespigny Park, London, SE 5 8AF, UK. Rachel@olan.org.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. cjothieno@uonbi.ac.ke.
authors.forename: Caleb
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Othieno
authors.affiliation: Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya. longeri@kemri.org.
authors.forename: Linnet
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ongeri
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya. dmkiima@gmail.com.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kiima
authors.affiliation: Kombewa Health and Demographic Surveillance Site, Kombewa, Kenya. psifuna@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sifuna
authors.affiliation: Kenya Medical Training College, Nairobi, Kenya. jkmboroki@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kingora
authors.affiliation: Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya. romollov@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Omollo
authors.affiliation: Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya. ogutu6@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bernhards
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ogutu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult