title: Genomic and chromosomal damage in the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis: Effects of the combined exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles and cadmium chloride.
abstract: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) continuously released into waters, may cause harmful effects to marine organisms and their potential interaction with conventional toxic contaminants represents a growing concern for biota. We investigated the genotoxic potential of nanosized titanium dioxide (n-TiO2) (100 μg L(-1)) alone and in combination with CdCl2 (100 μg L(-1)) in Mytilus galloprovincialis after 4 days of in vivo exposure. RAPD-PCR technique and Micronucleus test were used to study genotoxicity. The results showed genome template stability (GTS) being markedly reduced after single exposure to n-TiO2 and CdCl2. Otherwise, co-exposure resulted in a milder reduction of GTS. Exposure to n-TiO2 was responsible for a significant increase of micronucleated cell frequency in gill tissue, while no chromosomal damage was observed after CdCl2 exposure as well as after combined exposure to both substances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy. Electronic address: lucia.rocco@unina2.it.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rocco
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santonastaso
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nigro
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mottola
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Costagliola
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernardeschi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guidi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lucchesi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Scarcelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Corsi
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stingo
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frenzilli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019256:Cadmium Chloride / Q000633:toxicity*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D049878:Mytilus / Q000187:drug effects*; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D019256:Cadmium Chloride
keywords: Cadmium; DNA adducts; Genotoxicity; Metal interactions; Mytilus galloprovincialis; NanoTiO(2); Pollution effects