title: The Involvement of Norepinephrine in Behaviors Related to Psychostimulant Addiction.
abstract: Although it is generally accepted that the abuse-related effects of amphetamines and cocaine result from the activation of the brain dopaminergic (DA) system, the psychostimulants also alter other neurotransmitter systems. In particular, they increase extracellular levels of norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin by inhibiting respective plasma membrane transporters and/or inducing release. The present review will discuss the preclinical findings on the effects of the NE system modulation (lesions, pharmacological and genetic approaches) on behaviors (locomotor hyperactivity, behavioral sensitization, modification of intracranial self-stimulation, conditioned place preference, drug self-administration, extinction/reinstatement of drug seeking behavior) related to the psychostimulant addiction.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland. zaniew@if-pan.krakow.pl.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaniewska
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Filip
authors.forename: Edmund
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Przegalinski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058999:Drug-Seeking Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012646:Self Administration
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003042:Cocaine; D009638:Norepinephrine