title: "Neither we are satisfied nor they"-users and provider's perspective: a qualitative study of maternity care in secondary level public health facilities, Uttar Pradesh, India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Quality of care provided during childbirth is a critical determinant of preventing maternal mortality and morbidity. In the studies available, quality has been assessed either from the users' perspective or the providers'. The current study tries to bring both perspectives together to identify common key focus areas for quality improvement. This study aims to assess the users' (recently delivered women) and care providers' perceptions of care to understand the common challenges affecting provision of quality maternity care in public health facilities in India.
  
  
  METHODS
  A qualitative design comprising of in-depth interviews of 24 recently delivered women from secondary care facilities and 16 health care providers in Uttar Pradesh, India. The data were analysed thematically to assess users' and providers' perspectives on the common themes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The common challenges experienced regarding provision of care were inadequate physical infrastructure, irregular supply of water, electricity, shortage of medicines, supplies, and gynaecologist and anaesthetist to manage complications, difficulty in maintaining privacy and lack of skill for post-delivery counselling. However, physical access, cleanliness, interpersonal behaviour, information sharing and out-of-pocket expenditure were concerns for only users. Similarly, providers raised poor management of referral cases, shortage of staff, non-functioning of blood bank, lack of incentives for work as their concerns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study identified the common themes of care from both the perspectives, which have been foundrelevant in terms of challenges identified in many developing countries including India. The study framework identified new themes like management of emergencies in complicated cases, privacy and cost of care which both the group felt is relevant in the context of providing quality care during childbirth in low resource setting. The key challenges identified by both the groups can be prioritized, when developing quality improvement program in the health facilities. The identified components of care can match the supply with the demand for care and make the services truly responsive to user needs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study highlights infrastructure, human resources, supplies and medicine as priority areas of quality improvement in the facility as perceived by both users and providers, nevertheless the interpersonal aspect of care primarily reported by the users must also not be ignored.
authors.affiliation: Public Health Foundation of India, Plot no. 47, Sector 44, Institutional Area, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122002, India. sanghita@phfi.org.
authors.forename: Sanghita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhattacharyya
authors.affiliation: Public Health Foundation of India, Plot no. 47, Sector 44, Institutional Area, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122002, India. anns.issac@phfi.org.
authors.forename: Anns
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Issac
authors.affiliation: Public Health Foundation of India, Plot no. 47, Sector 44, Institutional Area, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122002, India. preety.rajbangshi@phfi.org.
authors.forename: Preety
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rajbangshi
authors.affiliation: Public Health Foundation of India, Plot no. 47, Sector 44, Institutional Area, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122002, India. aradhana@phfi.org.
authors.forename: Aradhana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK. Bilal.Avan@lshtm.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Bilal I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Avan
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008428:Maternal Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D000068101:Maternal-Child Health Services / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D009774:Obstetrics / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards; D036801:Parturition; D011247:Pregnancy; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data