title: Monitoring a 'metabolic shift' after surgical resection of oral squamous cell carcinomas by serum lactate dehydrogenase.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Monitoring surgical removal of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) is being routinely performed through clinical and imaging follow-up. We analyzed the potential use of serum lactate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and LDH isoenzymes (LDH 1-5) as biomarkers in blood for the monitoring of surgical removal of OSCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum lactate, LDH, and LDH isoenzymes (LDH 1-5) have been prospectively assessed in healthy individuals (n = 19), patients with OSCC (n = 34: primary OSCC, n = 32 and recurrent OSCC, n = 2) before surgery and after curative tumor resection (n = 26). LDHA and LDHB expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the same OSCC tumor specimen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive LDHA tumor tissue expression measured by IHC (n = 34/34, 100%) was significantly associated with increased serum LDH-5 (n = 24/34, 71%, P = 0.0258) but weak significantly associated with increased total serum LDH (n = 23/34, 68%, P = 0.0592). Positive LDHB tumor tissue expression measured by IHC (n = 25/34, 74%) was significantly associated with increased total serum LDH (P = 0.0172). After surgery, serum LDH and LDH-5 isoenzyme significantly decreased and LDH-1 significantly increased in the aftercare. A significantly inverse correlation of LDHA with LDHB IHC scores was found (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association of LDHA and LDHB measured by IHC with serum LDH indicates that analyzing this enzyme could serve as a favorable 'liquid biopsy' (non-invasive diagnostic tool) for OSCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krimmel
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoefert
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kraut
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Calgéer
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Biegner
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Teriete
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Munz
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reinert
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D001706:Biopsy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007527:Isoenzymes; D019344:Lactic Acid; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase
keywords: biomarker; lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes; oral squamous cell carcinoma; tumor metabolism