title: Identification and functional characterization of esterases in Euschistus heros (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) and their relationship with thiamethoxam and lambda-cyhalothrin.
abstract: The brown stink bug Euschistus heros is the most abundant species of the soybean-sucking bugs, and causes large economic losses. Applying different chemical groups of organosynthetic insecticides for its control increases the potential for resistance. Esterases are a group of enzymes that play a variety of roles in insects, and some of them are related to the metabolism of xenobiotics. The aim of this study was to analyze the esterase isoenzyme system of this species and investigate its response to Engeo™ Pleno (thiamethoxam and lambda-cyhalothrin), which is the most widely used pesticide in soybean crops. Two strains were analyzed: the EB strain, which had been free of insecticides for several generations; and the MA strain, which was collected in a location exposed to agrochemicals. By analyzing the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profile, seven different esterases in adults and nymphs of both strains were found. Eight gene loci were responsible for the synthesis of these enzymes. The differences in esterases between the two strains and enzyme changes in insects exposed to Engeo™ Pleno suggest that EST-2 and EST-4 are related to the metabolism of the agrochemical used and are mechanisms of resistance.
authors.affiliation: Departamento Biotecnologia, Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hegeto
authors.affiliation: Departamento Interdisciplinar de Tecnologia e Ciências, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Ariquemes, RO, Brasil.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ronqui
authors.affiliation: Departamento Biotecnologia, Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lapenta
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry; D004950:Esterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017344:Genes, Insect; D056426:Genetic Loci; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009758:Nymph / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D010078:Oxazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010571:Pest Control; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D000077922:Thiamethoxam; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019476:Insect Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; D007527:Isoenzymes; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009570:Nitriles; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010078:Oxazines; D011722:Pyrethrins; D013844:Thiazoles; D000077922:Thiamethoxam; D004950:Esterases; C037304:cyhalothrin