title: Performance Evaluation of Smartphone Inertial Sensors Measurement for Range of Motion.
abstract: Over the years, smartphones have become tools for scientific and clinical research. They can, for instance, be used to assess range of motion and joint angle measurement. In this paper, our aim was to determine if smartphones are reliable and accurate enough for clinical motion research. This work proposes an evaluation of different smartphone sensors performance and different manufacturer algorithm performances with the comparison to the gold standard, an industrial robotic arm with an actual standard use inertial motion unit in clinical measurement, an Xsens product. Both dynamic and static protocols were used to perform these comparisons. Root Mean Square (RMS) mean values results for static protocol are under 0.3° for the different smartphones. RMS mean values results for dynamic protocol are more prone to bias induced by Euler angle representation. Statistical results prove that there are no filter effect on results for both protocols and no hardware effect. Smartphones performance can be compared to the Xsens gold standard for clinical research.
authors.affiliation: University of Grenoble-Alpes, AGIM, La Tronche 38700, France. qmourcou@gmail.com.|University of Lille, F-59000 Lille and Mines Douai, URIA, Douai F-59508, France. qmourcou@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Quentin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Mourcou
authors.affiliation: University of Lille, F-59000 Lille and Mines Douai, URIA, Douai F-59508, France. Anthony.Fleury@mines-douai.fr.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fleury
authors.affiliation: University of Grenoble-Alpes, AGIM, La Tronche 38700, France. Celine.Franco@agim.eu.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: University of Lille, F-59000 Lille and Mines Douai, URIA, Douai F-59508, France. Frederic.Klopcic@mines-douai.fr.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Klopcic
authors.affiliation: University of Grenoble-Alpes, AGIM, La Tronche 38700, France. Nicolas.Vuillerme@agim.eu.|Institut Universitaire de France, Paris 75000, France. Nicolas.Vuillerme@agim.eu.|LAI Jean-Raoul Scherrer, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva Switzerland/University of Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d'Hères 38041, France. Nicolas.Vuillerme@agim.eu.|Laboratory for Ergonomics and Work-related Disorders, Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Department of Health Science and Technology, University of Aalborg, Aalborg 9220, Denmark. Nicolas.Vuillerme@agim.eu.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vuillerme
keywords: IMU; Kalman filter; smartphone sensing; validation