title: Kinetics of the crust thickness development of bread during baking.
abstract: The development of crust thickness of bread during baking is an important aspect of bread quality and shelf-life. Computer vision system was used for measuring the crust thickness via colorimetric properties of bread surface during baking process. Crust thickness had a negative and positive relationship with Lightness (L (*) ) and total color change (E (*) ) of bread surface, respectively. A linear negative trend was found between crust thickness and moisture ratio of bread samples. A simple mathematical model was proposed to predict the development of crust thickness of bread during baking, where the crust thickness was depended on moisture ratio that was described by the Page moisture losing model. The independent variables of the model were baking conditions, i.e. oven temperature and air velocity, and baking time. Consequently, the proposed model had well prediction ability, as the mean absolute estimation error of the model was 7.93 %.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soleimani Pour-Damanab
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jafary
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Sh
authors.initials: Sh
authors.lastname: Rafiee
keywords: Bread baking; Computer vision; Crust thickness; Mathematical model; Moisture ratio