title: Characterization of Cement Particles Found in Peri-implantitis-Affected Human Biopsy Specimens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Peri-implantitis is a disease characterized by soft tissue inflammation and continued loss of supporting bone, which can result in implant failure. Peri-implantitis is a multifactorial disease, and one of its triggering factors may be the presence of excess cement in the soft tissues surrounding an implant. This descriptive study evaluated the composition of foreign particles from 36 human biopsy specimens with 19 specimens selected for analysis. The biopsy specimens were obtained from soft tissues affected by peri-implantitis around cement-retained implant crowns and compared with the elemental composition of commercial luting cement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen biopsy specimens were chosen for the comparison, and five test cements (TempBond, Telio, Premier Implant Cement, Intermediate Restorative Material, and Relyx) were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. This enabled the identification of the chemical composition of foreign particles embedded in the tissue specimens and the composition of the five cements. Statistical analysis was conducted using classification trees to pair the particles present in each specimen with the known cements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The particles in each biopsy specimen could be associated with one of the commercial cements with a level of probability ranging between .79 and 1. TempBond particles were found in one biopsy specimen, Telio particles in seven, Premier Implant Cement particles in four, Relyx particles in four, and Intermediate Restorative Material particles in three.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Particles found in human soft tissue biopsy specimens around implants affected by peri-implant disease were associated with five commercially available dental cements.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burbano
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valderrama
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blansett
authors.forename: Chandur P K
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Wadhwani
authors.forename: Pankaj K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Choudhary
authors.forename: Lucas C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Danieli C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000032:analysis; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D003442:Crowns; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D017268:Dental Prosthesis Retention; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D005054:Eugenol / Q000737:chemistry; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008768:Methylmethacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000473:pathology*; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012825:Silicon / Q000032:analysis; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement / Q000737:chemistry; D015040:Zirconium / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D003738:Dental Cements; D003764:Dental Materials; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; C483701:Rely X Unicem; D019279:Resin Cements; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; D005054:Eugenol; C031667:IRM cement; C076899:Temp-Bond; D015040:Zirconium; D000535:Aluminum; D015032:Zinc; D015034:Zinc Oxide; D012825:Silicon