title: Manual-slide-engaged paper chip for parallel SERS-immunoassay measurement of clenbuterol from swine hair.
abstract: Clenbuterol (CL), as a feed additive, has been banned in many countries due to its potential threat to human health. In detection of CL, a fast, low-cost technique with high accuracy and specificity would be ideal for its administrative on-field inspections. Among the attempts to pursue a reliable detection tool of CL, a technique that combines surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and immunoassay, is close to meet the requirements as above. However, multiple steps of interactions between CL analyte, antibody, and antigen are involved in this method, and under conventional setup, the operation of SERS/immunoassay were unwieldy. In this paper, to facilitate a more manageable sample manipulation for SERS-immunoassay measurement, a 3D paper chip was suggested. A switch-on-chip multilayered (abbreviated as SoCM-) microfluidic paper-based analysis device (μPad) was fabricated to provide operators with manual switches on the interactions between different microfluids. Besides, on a detection slip we made on the main body of our SoCM-μPad, antigen was anchored in pattern. With this architecture, multistep interactions between the CL analyte in swine hair extract and the SERS probe-modified antibody and antigen, were managed for on-chip SERS-immunoassay detection. This would be very attractive for fast, cheap, accurate, and on-site specific detection of CL from real samples.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China.|State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China.|State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China.|State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xianming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China.|State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Weijie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Bingcheng
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002976:Clenbuterol / Q000032:analysis*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D057230:Limit of Detection; D016014:Linear Models; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D006046:Gold; D002976:Clenbuterol
keywords: Clenbuterol; Hair analysis; Paper microfluidics; SERS