title: A survey of perceived training differences between ophthalmology residents in Hong Kong and China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To study the differences in ophthalmology resident training between China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Training programs were selected from among the largest and best-known teaching hospitals. Ophthalmology residents were sent an anonymous 48-item questionnaire by mail. Work satisfaction, time allocation between training activities and volume of surgery performed were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  50/75 residents (66.7 %) from China and 20/26 (76.9 %) from HKSAR completed the survey. Age (28.9 ± 2.5 vs. 30.2 ± 2.9 years, p = 0.15) and number of years in training (3.4 ± 1.6 vs. 2.8 ± 1.5, p = 0.19) were comparable between groups. The number of cataract procedures performed by HKSAR trainees (extra-capsular, median 80.0, quartile range: 30.0, 100.0; phacoemulsification, median: 20.0, quartile range: 0.0, 100.0) exceeded that for Chinese residents (extra-capsular: median = 0, p < 0.0001; phacoemulsification: median = 0, p < 0.0001). Chinese trainees spent more time completing medical charts (>50 % of time on charts: 62.5 % versus 5.3 %, p < 0.0001) and received less supervision (≥90 % of training supervised: 4.4 % versus 65 %, p < 0.0001). Chinese residents were more likely to feel underpaid (96.0 % vs. 31.6 %, p < 0.0001) and hoped their children would not practice medicine (69.4 % vs. 5.0 %, p = 0.0001) compared HKSAR residents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, ophthalmology residents in China report strikingly less surgical experience and supervision, and lower satisfaction than HKSAR residents. The HKSAR model of hands-on resident training might be useful in improving the low cataract surgical rate in China.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong. youngla@ha.org.hk.|Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong. youngla@ha.org.hk.
authors.forename: Alvin L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong. vishaljhanji@cuhk.edu.hk.|Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong. vishaljhanji@cuhk.edu.hk.|The Affiliated Eye Hospital, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270 West College Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China. vishaljhanji@cuhk.edu.hk.|Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. vishaljhanji@cuhk.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Vishal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jhanji
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong. yuanboliang@126.com.|The Affiliated Eye Hospital, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270 West College Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China. yuanboliang@126.com.
authors.forename: Yuanbo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Zhongshan Ophthamic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. ncongdon1@gmail.com.|Orbis International, New York, USA. ncongdon1@gmail.com.|Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK. ncongdon1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Congdon
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong. wwjdsimon@gmail.com.|The Affiliated Eye Hospital, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270 West College Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China. wwjdsimon@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.affiliation: Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China. handanwfh@163.com.
authors.forename: Fenghua
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong. zhangxiujuan_pv@yahoo.com.cn.
authors.forename: Xiujuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong. sophiemoon.hk@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Xiaofei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Man
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong. mmyang@cuhk.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Mingming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong. linzhong_@126.com.
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Zhongshan Ophthamic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. hunterklyuen@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hunter G L
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Yuen
authors.affiliation: Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong. dlam.sklo.sysu.cn@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Dennis S C
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002681:China; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000193:education*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires