title: Effect of accelerated aging on the viscoelastic properties of a medical grade silicone.
abstract: The viscoelastic properties of cylinders (diameter 5 mm, height 2.2 ± 0.2 mm) of Nagor silicone elastomer of medium hardness, were investigated before and after the specimens had undergone accelerated aging in saline solution at 70°C for 38, 76 and 114 days (to simulate aging at 37°C, for 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively). All sets of specimens were immersed in physiological saline solution at 37°C during testing and the properties were measured using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). A sinusoidal cyclic compression of 40 N ± 5 N was applied over a frequency range, f, of 0.02-25 Hz. Values of the storage, E', and loss, E″, moduli were found to depend on f; the dependence of E' or E″ on the logarithm (base 10) of f was represented by a second-order polynomial. After accelerated aging, the E' and E″ values did not increase significantly (p<0.05). Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that accelerated aging did not affect the surface morphology of silicone. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) showed that accelerated aging had a negligible effect on the surface chemical structures of the material. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed no changes to the bulk properties of silicone, following accelerated aging.
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.|School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Aziza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahomed
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: David W L
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hukins
authors.affiliation: School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Kukureka
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D000067548:Dermal Fillers / Q000737:chemistry*; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D008422:Materials Testing; D012828:Silicones / Q000737:chemistry*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013997:Time Factors; D015625:Tissue Expansion Devices; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D000067548:Dermal Fillers; D012828:Silicones
keywords: Accelerated aging; compression; dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA); silicone; viscoelasticity