title: The IL-1 Pathway in Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Complications.
abstract: Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) exhibit chronic activation of the innate immune system in pancreatic islets, in insulin-sensitive tissues, and at sites of diabetic complications. This results from a pathological response to overnutrition and physical inactivity seen in genetically predisposed individuals. Processes mediated by the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) link obesity and dyslipidemia and have implicated IL-1β in T2D and related cardiovascular complications. Epidemiological, molecular, and animal studies have now assigned a central role for IL-1β in driving tissue inflammation during metabolic stress. Proof-of-concept clinical studies have validated IL-1β as a target to improve insulin production and action in patients with T2D. Large ongoing clinical trials will address the potential of IL-1 antagonism to prevent cardiovascular and other related complications.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Herder
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism and the Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Elise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dalmas
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism and the Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Böni-Schnetzler
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism and the Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: marc.donath@usb.ch.
authors.forename: Marc Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Donath
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1