title: Emergence of biofilm-producing Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from healthy dogs in South Korea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a common bacterial pathogen in dogs with pyoderma, otitis externa, and wound infection.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biofilm-producing ability for methicillin-resistant (MRSP) and methicillin-susceptible (MSSP) S. pseudintermedius isolates from healthy dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-two isolates, consisting of 40 MRSPs and 52 MSSPs, were included in the study. Biofilm production was determined using a quantitative adherence assay in 96-well tissue culture plates and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting icaA and icaD genes. The prevalence of methicillin-resistance in the isolated S. pseudintermedius was calculated using standard equations. The presence of methicillin resistance (MR) and biofilm-producing ability between nasal- and ocular-origin S. pseudintermedius was compared using the chi-square (χ(2)) test. The associations between the degree of biofilm production and the presence of methicillin-resistance or sample origin were determined using Fisher's exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the MRSP and MSSP isolates were able to produce biofilms, and 93.5% of the isolates were strong or moderate biofilm producers, regardless of the presence of methicillin-resistance or source. Methicillin-resistance was more prevalent in nasal isolates. There was no association between the presence of icaA/icaD and biofilm production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings from this study indicate a high prevalence of biofilm-producing S. pseudintermedius in healthy dogs in South Korea, which may have a significant influence to animal health.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine , Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701 , South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Ik
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: a Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine , Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701 , South Korea.
authors.forename: Cheol-Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine , Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701 , South Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Myung
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms; D004285:Dogs / Q000382:microbiology*; D008712:Methicillin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D056910:Republic of Korea; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D008712:Methicillin
keywords: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius; biofilm; canine; dog; ica operon; methicillin resistance