title: Adaptive online monitoring for ICU patients by combining just-in-time learning and principal component analysis.
abstract: Offline general-type models are widely used for patients' monitoring in intensive care units (ICUs), which are developed by using past collected datasets consisting of thousands of patients. However, these models may fail to adapt to the changing states of ICU patients. Thus, to be more robust and effective, the monitoring models should be adaptable to individual patients. A novel combination of just-in-time learning (JITL) and principal component analysis (PCA), referred to learning-type PCA (L-PCA), was proposed for adaptive online monitoring of patients in ICUs. JITL was used to gather the most relevant data samples for adaptive modeling of complex physiological processes. PCA was used to build an online individual-type model and calculate monitoring statistics, and then to judge whether the patient's status is normal or not. The adaptability of L-PCA lies in the usage of individual data and the continuous updating of the training dataset. Twelve subjects were selected from the Physiobank's Multi-parameter Intelligent Monitoring for Intensive Care II (MIMIC II) database, and five vital signs of each subject were chosen. The proposed method was compared with the traditional PCA and fast moving-window PCA (Fast MWPCA). The experimental results demonstrated that the fault detection rates respectively increased by 20 % and 47 % compared with PCA and Fast MWPCA. L-PCA is first introduced into ICU patients monitoring and achieves the best monitoring performance in terms of adaptability to changes in patient status and sensitivity for abnormality detection.
authors.affiliation: College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Mail Box 4, 15# Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing, 100029, China.
authors.forename: Xuejian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Mail Box 4, 15# Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing, 100029, China. wang.youqing@ieee.org.
authors.forename: Youqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D009862:Online Systems; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D012984:Software
keywords: Adaptive online monitoring; Intensive care unit (ICU); Just-in-time learning (JITL); Principal component analysis (PCA)