title: Promoting Diet and Physical Activity in Nurses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To systematically review the effectiveness of intervention studies promoting diet and physical activity (PA) in nurses.
  
  
  METHODS
  English language manuscripts published between 1970 and 2014 in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and EMBASE, as well as those accessed with the PICO tool, were reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inclusion criteria comprised (1) nurses/student nurses working in a health care setting and (2) interventions where PA and/or diet behaviors were the primary outcome. Exclusion criteria were (1) non-peer-reviewed articles or conference abstracts and (2) interventions focused on treatment of chronic conditions or lifestyle factors other than PA or diet in nurses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-one full texts were retrieved and assessed for inclusion by two reviewers. Data were extracted by one reviewer and checked for accuracy by a second reviewer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Extracted data were synthesized in a tabular format and narrative summary.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine (n = 737 nurses) studies met the inclusion criteria. Quality of the studies was low to moderate. Four studies reported an increase in self-reported PA through structured exercise and goal setting. Dietary outcomes were generally positive, but were only measured in three studies with some limitations in the assessment methods. Two studies reported improved body composition without significant changes in diet or PA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Outcomes of interventions to change nurses' PA and diet behavior are promising, but inconsistent. Additional and higher quality interventions that include objective and validated outcome measures and appropriate process evaluation are required.
authors.affiliation: 1 Centre for Dietetics Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Torquati
authors.affiliation: 2 Centre for Research in Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Toby
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pavey
authors.affiliation: 2 Centre for Research in Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kolbe-Alexander
authors.affiliation: 1 Centre for Dietetics Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leveritt
mesh_terms: D004032:Diet / Q000379:methods; D015444:Exercise; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D009726:Nurses
keywords: Health Promotion; Health focus: physical activity; Nutrition; Outcome measure: behavioral; Physical Activity. Manuscript format: literature review; Research purpose: descriptive; Setting: workplace; Study design: Systematic review; Systematic Review; Target population circumstances: all education levels; Target population: adult nurses; Workplace; all income levels; all locations; all races/ethnicities; nutrition. Strategy: behavior change