title: Plasma metabolomic biomarkers of mixed nuts exposure inversely correlate with severity of metabolic syndrome.
abstract: METHODS
  To identify the most discriminant dietary biomarkers of nuts exposure in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS), and investigate the potential association between exposure and the severity of the MetS diagnostic traits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We applied the untargeted LC-ESI-qToF-MS-driven metabolomic workflow to explore the changes occurring in the plasma metabolome of MetS subjects following 12-wk intake of mixed nuts (30 g/d; nuts versus control groups). Urolithin A glucuronide was the most discriminative biomarker of nuts exposure, showing the highest predictive capacity (area under the ROC curve = 89.6% [80.8-98.4]) despite the interindividual variation expected for a host-microbial cometabolite. Furthermore, the detection of urolithin A glucuronide in plasma showed significant inverse correlation with basal abdominal adiposity (waist circumference: r = -0.550, p < 0.01; waist-hip ratio: r = -0.409, p < 0.05) and impaired glycemic control (fasting insulin: r = -0.414, p < 0.05; HOMA-IR: r = -0.417, p < 0.05). Significant changes in medium-chain dicarboxylic acids, recognized as alternative energy substrates that are particularly relevant in the case of glycemic control impairment, were also associated with nut consumption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher levels of utolithin A glucuronide are reported in subjects with less severe MetS traits, especially in females. We believe that this inverse correlation may be related with profile of gut microbial dysbiosis, recently associated to subjects with MetS.
authors.affiliation: Biomarkers & Nutrimetabolomic Lab, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, XaRTA, INSA, Campus Torribera, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ximena
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mora-Cubillos
authors.affiliation: Biomarkers & Nutrimetabolomic Lab, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, XaRTA, INSA, Campus Torribera, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA), Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Málaga Hospital Complex (Virgen de la Victoria), Campus de Teatinos s/n, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tulipani
authors.affiliation: Biomarkers & Nutrimetabolomic Lab, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, XaRTA, INSA, Campus Torribera, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Mar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garcia-Aloy
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.|CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Mònica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bulló
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA), Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Málaga Hospital Complex (Virgen de la Victoria), Campus de Teatinos s/n, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.|CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Tinahones
authors.affiliation: Biomarkers & Nutrimetabolomic Lab, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, XaRTA, INSA, Campus Torribera, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andres-Lacueva
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D003374:Coumarins / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000502:physiology; D020719:Glucuronides / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009754:Nuts; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: C576587:3,8-dihydroxy-6H-dibenzo(b,d)pyran-6-one glucuronide; D015415:Biomarkers; D003374:Coumarins; D005227:Fatty Acids; D020719:Glucuronides; D059808:Polyphenols
keywords: Adiposity; Biomarkers of nuts; Gut microbiota; Metabolomics; Plasma human