title: Enhancing antimicrobial activity of TiO2/Ti by torularhodin bioinspired surface modification.
abstract: Implant-associated infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. This study was performed using titanium samples coated by anodization with a titanium dioxide (TiO2) shielded nanotube layer. TiO2/Ti surface was modified by simple immersion in torularhodin solution and by using a mussel-inspired method based on polydopamine as bio adhesive for torularhodin immobilization. SEM analysis revealed tubular microstructures of torularhodin and the PDA ability to function as a catchy anchor between torularhodin and TiO2 surface. Corrosion resistance was associated with TiO2 barrier oxide layer and nano-organized oxide layer and the torularhodin surface modification does not bring significant changes in resistance of the oxide layer. Our results demonstrated that the torularhodin modified TiO2/Ti surface could effectively prevent adhesion and proliferation of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The new modified titanium surface showed good biocompatibility and well-behaved haemocompatibility. This biomaterial with enhanced antimicrobial activity holds great potential for future biomedical applications.
authors.affiliation: University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 6, Bucharest 060042, Romania.
authors.forename: Camelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ungureanu
authors.affiliation: University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 6, Bucharest 060042, Romania.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dumitriu
authors.affiliation: University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 6, Bucharest 060042, Romania.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Popescu
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 105 bis, P.O. Box MG-7, Magurele, Bucharest 77125, Romania.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Enculescu
authors.affiliation: "Cantacuzino" National Institute of Research-Development for Microbiology and Immunology, 103 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 5, Bucharest 050096, Romania.
authors.forename: Vlad
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tofan
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, 126A, Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, Bucharest 077190, Romania.
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Popescu
authors.affiliation: University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 6, Bucharest 060042, Romania. Electronic address: c_pirvu@chim.pub.ro.
authors.forename: Cristian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pirvu
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D007211:Indoles / Q000737:chemistry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000382:microbiology*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D007211:Indoles; D011108:Polymers; C568283:polydopamine; C009495:titanium dioxide; D002338:Carotenoids; D014025:Titanium; C078923:torularhodin
keywords: Antimicrobial activity; Bioinspired surface modification; Carotenoid pigment; Polydopamine; Torularhodin