title: Aerobic and resistance training do not influence plasma carnosinase content or activity in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: A particular allele of the carnosinase gene (CNDP1) is associated with reduced plasma carnosinase activity and reduced risk for nephropathy in diabetic patients. On the one hand, animal and human data suggest that hyperglycemia increases plasma carnosinase activity. On the other hand, we recently reported lower carnosinase activity levels in elite athletes involved in high-intensity exercise compared with untrained controls. Therefore, this study investigates whether exercise training and the consequent reduction in hyperglycemia can suppress carnosinase activity and content in adults with type 2 diabetes. Plasma samples were taken from 243 males and females with type 2 diabetes (mean age = 54.3 yr, SD = 7.1) without major microvascular complications before and after a 6-mo exercise training program [4 groups: sedentary control (n = 61), aerobic exercise (n = 59), resistance exercise (n = 63), and combined exercise training (n = 60)]. Plasma carnosinase content and activity, hemoglobin (Hb) A1c, lipid profile, and blood pressure were measured. A 6-mo exercise training intervention, irrespective of training modality, did not decrease plasma carnosinase content or activity in type 2 diabetic patients. Plasma carnosinase content and activity showed a high interindividual but very low intraindividual variability over the 6-mo period. Age and sex, but not Hb A1c, were significantly related to the activity or content of this enzyme. It can be concluded that the beneficial effects of exercise training on the incidence of diabetic complications are probably not related to a lowering effect on plasma carnosinase content or activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium;
authors.forename: Sanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stegen
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences, and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Faculties of Medicine and Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Sigal
authors.affiliation: School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;
authors.forename: Glen P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Kenny
authors.affiliation: Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;
authors.forename: Farah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khandwala
authors.affiliation: 5th Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany;
authors.forename: Benito
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yard
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and.
authors.forename: Emile
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Heer
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baelde
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Peersman
authors.affiliation: Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; wim.derave@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Derave
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004150:Dipeptidases / Q000097:blood*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055070:Resistance Training; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids; C522928:CNDP1 protein, human; D004150:Dipeptidases
keywords: CNDP1; carnosinase activity and content; carnosine; histidine-containing dipeptides