title: Antifungal, Phytotoxic, and Cytotoxic Activities of Metabolites from Epichloë bromicola, a Fungus Obtained from Elymus tangutorum Grass.
abstract: The development of high-quality herbage is an important aspect of animal husbandry. Inoculating beneficial fungi onto inferior grass is a feasible strategy for producing new varieties of high-quality herbage. Epichloë bromicola is a candidate fungus that is isolated from Elymus tangutorum. A total of 17 metabolites, 1-17, were obtained from E. bromicola, and their biological activities were assayed. Metabolite 1 exhibited antifungal activities against Alternaria alternata, Fusarium avenaceum, Bipolaris sorokiniana, and Curvularia lunata. EC50 values ranged from 0.7 to 5.3 μM, which were better than the positive control, chlorothalonil. Metabolite 8 displayed obvious phytotoxic effects toward Lolium perenne and Poa crymophila seedlings, and it was as active as glyphosate. None of these isolated metabolites displayed cytotoxicity against Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells. The IC50 values were greater than 100 μM, and the metabolites increased the growth of the cells at a concentration of 12.5 μM. The bioassay indicated that E. bromicola may be a beneficial fungus for producing new varieties of herbage with various resistances. Additionally, metabolite 7, 3-(2'-(4″-hydroxyphenyl)acetoxy)-2S-methylpropanoic acid, is a new natural product, and its stereochemistry was determined by means of optical rotation computation and chemical reactions.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qiu-Yan
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Biao
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Nan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xing-Xu
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chun-Jie
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wen-Bo
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiu-Zhang
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000528:Alternaria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D004285:Dogs; D031749:Elymus / Q000382:microbiology*; D055329:Epichloe / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D005670:Fusarium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006540:Herbicides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D008129:Lolium / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D003603:Cytotoxins; D006540:Herbicides
keywords: Elymus tangutorum; Epichloë bromicola; antifungal activity; cytotoxicity; metabolites; phytotoxicity