title: Impact of intraoperative microperfusion assessment with Pinpoint Perfusion Imaging on surgical management of laparoscopic low rectal and anorectal anastomoses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inadequate intestinal blood flow may contribute to anastomotic leakage accounting for substantial morbidity and mortality in colorectal surgery. Precise intraoperative assessment of microperfusion may have an impact on the surgeons intraoperative management and leakage rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this single center observational study we implemented and integrated intraoperative indocyanin green (ICG) based microperfusion assessment of anastomosis with Pinpoint Perfusion Imaging in a series of consecutive rectal cancer patients who underwent laparoscopic anterior and lower anterior resection with primary anastomosis during a 5-months period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We could demonstrate the feasibility and safety of intraoperative fluorescence angiography for colorectal microperfusion assessment. Technology implementation was immediately successful. No adverse effects have been documented related to fluorescent dye. Microperfusion angiography of the colon succeeded in all cases and assessment of perfusion imaging influenced surgical decision making in 28% of the patients, of which all patients showed primary healing of the anastomosis. We found a leakage rate of 6% with one leakage of a coloanal anastomosis in all patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fluorescence angiography is an accurate tool for assessing microperfusion and is most likely associated with improved outcomes with regard to anastomotic healing.
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gröne
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Kreis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D057868:Anastomotic Leak / Q000517:prevention & control; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055420:Perfusion Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D012007:Rectum / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D007208:Indocyanine Green
keywords: anastomosis; colorectal cancer; fluorescence; perfusion