title: Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy vs Standard Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy: A Prospective Randomized Comparative Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the outcomes of robot-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (RDN) with standard laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five voluntary kidney donors (27 for right subgroup and 18 for left subgroup) who met inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomized into 2 groups, RDN and LDN in 1:2 ratio. Primary endpoints were visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores, analgesic requirement, and hospital stay of donors. Secondary endpoints were donor's intraoperative and postoperative parameters, graft outcomes, and donor surgeon's difficulty scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All procedures were completed without any intraoperative complications. VAS pain scores at 6, 24, and 48 hours (p = 0.00), analgesic requirement (p = 0.00), and hospital stay (p = 0.00) were less in RDN than in LDN. Longer graft arterial length could be preserved with robotic approach on right side (p = 0.03) but not on left side (p = 0.77). The RDN group required more number of ports (p = 0.00), longer retrieval time (p = 0.00), and warm ischemia time (WIT) (p = 0.01). Total operative time (p = 0.14), hemoglobin drop (p = 0.97), postoperative donor complications (p = 0.97), and the recipient estimated glomerular filtration rate at 9 months (p = 0.64) were similar in both groups. Difficulty scores of console surgeon were less in most steps on right side but not on left side. Patient-side surgeon in RDN had higher difficulty scores for retrieval.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RDN is safe and is associated with better morbidity profile than LDN. Robotic approach provides technical ease and facilitates preservation of longer length of renal artery on right side. Left RDN is associated with longer WIT; however, this does not translate into poor graft outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital , Nadiad, India .
authors.forename: Amit Satish
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bhattu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital , Nadiad, India .
authors.forename: Arvind
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ganpule
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital , Nadiad, India .
authors.forename: Ravindra B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Sabnis
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital , Nadiad, India .
authors.forename: Vinodh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Murali
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital , Nadiad, India .
authors.forename: Shashikant
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital , Nadiad, India .
authors.forename: Mahesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D061646:Operative Time; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D052096:Warm Ischemia
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics