title: Measurement of Acceptable Noise Level with Background Music.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acceptable noise level (ANL) is a measure of the maximum background noise level (BNL) that a person is willing to tolerate while following a target story. Although researchers have used various sources of target sound in ANL measures, a limited type of background noise has been used. Extending the previous study of Gordon-Hickey & Moore (2007), the current study determined the effect of music genre and tempo on ANLs as possible factors affecting ANLs. We also investigated the relationships between individual ANLs and the familiarity of music samples and between music ANLs and subjective preference.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one participants were seperated into two groups according to their ANLs, 29 low-ANL listeners and 12 high-ANL listeners. Using Korean ANL material, the individual ANLs were measured based on the listeners' most comfortable listening level and BNL. The ANLs were measured in six conditions, with different music tempo (fast, slow) and genre (K-pop, pop, classical) in a counterbalanced order.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, ANLs did not differ by the tempo of background music, but music genre significantly affected individual ANLs. We observed relatively higher ANLs with K-pop music and relatively lower ANLs with classical music. This tendency was similar in both low-ANL and high-ANL groups. However, the subjective ratings of music familiarity and preference affected ANLs differently for low-ANL and high-ANL groups. In contrast to the low-ANL listeners, the ANLs of the high-ANL listeners were significantly affected by music familiarity and preference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The genre of background music affected ANLs obtained using background music. The degree of music familiarity and preference appears to be associated with individual susceptibility to background music only for listeners who are greatly annoyed by background noise (high-ANL listeners).
authors.affiliation: Department of Inter-Disciplinary Program Molecular Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea. ; Department of Audiology, Hallym University of Graduate Studies, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Audiology, Hallym University of Graduate Studies, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Junghwa
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bahng
authors.affiliation: Department of Audiology, Hallym University of Graduate Studies, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Acceptable noise level; Background music; Familiarity; Preference