title: Energy expenditure and nutritional status of coal miners: A cross-sectional study.
abstract: The objectives of this study were to assess the nutritional status, daily energy intake, and daily energy expenditure of coal miners in Turkey. A total of 135 healthy coal miners (aged 19-64 years) were evaluated. Heart rates were measured using Polar watches, and the total energy expenditure was calculated using physical activity level formula and Hiilloskorpi equation. The average body mass index of the participants was 25.7 ± 3.98 kg/m2, and the average energy intake was 3,973.7 ± 420.85 kcal. According to Dietary Reference Intakes, the energy and nutrient intakes of the miners were adequate, except for the intake of vitamin D. The coal miners were found to be at moderate (43.0%), heavy (41.5%), and very heavy (13.3%) activity levels. Calculations of the energy expenditure at work were found to be 2,189.8 ± 376.19 to 2,788.8 ± 359.89 kcal per day. Further studies have to be conducted for developing national standards for each occupation.
authors.affiliation: a Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Besevler, Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Saniye
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bilici
authors.affiliation: b Department of Nutrition and Dietetics , Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University , Sihhiye , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saglam
authors.affiliation: c Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Halic University , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors.forename: Yasemin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Beyhan
authors.affiliation: a Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Besevler, Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey.|e Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard University Medical School, Endocrinology , Boston , Massachusetts , USA.
authors.forename: Banugul
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barut-Uyar
authors.affiliation: b Department of Nutrition and Dietetics , Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University , Sihhiye , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Derya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dikmen
authors.affiliation: b Department of Nutrition and Dietetics , Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University , Sihhiye , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Zeynep
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Goktas
authors.affiliation: d Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University (Retired) , Raleigh , North Carolina , USA.
authors.forename: A James
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Attar
authors.affiliation: e Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard University Medical School, Endocrinology , Boston , Massachusetts , USA.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mucka
authors.affiliation: b Department of Nutrition and Dietetics , Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University , Sihhiye , Ankara , Turkey.|e Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard University Medical School, Endocrinology , Boston , Massachusetts , USA.
authors.forename: M Fatih
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Uyar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003031:Coal; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000067572:Miners / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009752:Nutritional Status; D016272:Occupational Health; D014421:Turkey; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003031:Coal
keywords: Coal miner; energy expenditure; heart rate; nutrition