title: The Effect of 2 Injection Speeds on Local Anesthetic Discomfort During Inferior Alveolar Nerve Blocks.
abstract: This randomized double-blind crossover trial investigated the discomfort associated with 2 injection speeds, low (60 seconds) and slow (100 seconds), during inferior alveolar nerve block by using 1.8 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine. Three phases were considered: (a) mucosa perforation, (b) needle insertion, and (c) solution injection. Thirty-two healthy adult volunteers needing bilateral inferior alveolar nerve blocks at least 1 week apart were enrolled in the present study. The anesthetic procedure discomfort was recorded by volunteers on a 10-cm visual analog scale in each phase for both injection speeds. Comparison between the 2 anesthesia speeds in each phase was performed by paired t test. Results showed no statistically significant difference between injection speeds regarding perforation (P = .1016), needle placement (P = .0584), or speed injection (P = .1806). The discomfort in all phases was considered low. We concluded that the 2 injection speeds tested did not affect the volunteers' pain perception during inferior alveolar nerve blocks.
authors.affiliation: Undergraduate Student.
authors.forename: Marcelo Rodrigo
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: de Souza Melo
authors.affiliation: Undergraduate Student.
authors.forename: Mark Jon Santana
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sabey
authors.affiliation: Former Graduate Student, and.
authors.forename: Carla Juliane
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Chairman Professor, Dentistry School of Sergipe, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil, and.
authors.forename: Liane Maciel
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: de Almeida Souza
authors.affiliation: Chairman Professor, Dentistry School of Piracicaba, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco Carlos
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Groppo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008340:Mandibular Nerve; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects; D009339:Needles; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D058748:Pain Perception / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine
keywords: Inferior alveolar nerve block; Injection speed; Lidocaine; Local anesthesia; Pain