title: Pesticide residues in stone fruits from the south-eastern region of Poland in 2012-2104.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peaches, sour cherries, nectarines, apricots, plums and cherries are fruit commonly known as "stone fruit". Their nutritional properties namely, vitamins, minerals, fiber and numerous microelements, make them a very important component of human diet. As fruit trees can be attacked by numerous diseases and pests, chemical protection of these crops is used. Therefore, it is important that the relevant governmental agencies or institutions ensure correct application of pesticides.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of pesticide residues in stone fruits south-eastern region of Poland in 2012-2014 in order to provide data to estimate health risk to consumers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Validated analytical methods based on liquid / liquid extraction coupled with gas chromatography with electron capture and nitrogen phosphorus detection (GC-ECD/NPD) and spectrophotometry (dithiocarbamates residues) were used for the analysis. 92 samples of stone fruits were tested for the presence of pesticide residues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  13 of all samples (14%) contained pesticide residues. 7 active substances were detected, including 5 fungicides: boscalide, bupirimate, difenoconazole, dithiocarbamates and captan, and 2 insecticides: cypermethrin and pirimicarb. In the analysed samples, the use of not recommended plant protection products in orchard crops were found. However, neither maximum residue levels (MRLs) recommended by the Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 were exceeded nor pesticides being unapproved by the Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 detected in the analysed samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lack of plant protection products for control specific diseases or pests in crops results in the use of formulations not recommended for use in certain orchard crops. On a basis of results reported in previous years it can be concluded that occurrence of pesticide residues in stone fruit samples dropped significantly.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Regional Experimental Station in Rzeszow, Laboratory of Examination for Residues of Plant Protection Products, Rzeszow, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Słowik-Borowiec
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Regional Experimental Station in Rzeszow, Laboratory of Examination for Residues of Plant Protection Products, Rzeszow, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Szpyrka
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Regional Experimental Station in Rzeszow, Laboratory of Examination for Residues of Plant Protection Products, Rzeszow, Poland.
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rupar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Regional Experimental Station in Rzeszow, Laboratory of Examination for Residues of Plant Protection Products, Rzeszow, Poland.
authors.forename: Aneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matyaszek
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Regional Experimental Station in Rzeszow, Laboratory of Examination for Residues of Plant Protection Products, Rzeszow, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Podbielska
mesh_terms: D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D004148:Dioxolanes / Q000032:analysis; D004726:Endosulfan / Q000032:analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D011044:Poland; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000032:analysis; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000032:analysis; D014230:Triazoles / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; D004148:Dioxolanes; D007306:Insecticides; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D010575:Pesticides; D011743:Pyrimidines; D013859:Thiocarbamates; D014230:Triazoles; C108338:cyprodinil; C115058:difenoconazole; D004726:Endosulfan