title: An Observational Study to Evaluate the Prevalence of Erectile Dysfunction (ED) and Prescribing Pattern of Drugs in Patients with ED Visiting an Andrology Specialty Clinic, Mumbai: 2012-14.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common occurrence and its incidence is expected to increase significantly along with the increase in various lifestyle diseases. The drug utilization for ED is very low. Also, studies describing the prescription pattern in ED are lacking.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional observational study, including a drug utilization analysis, of 606 prescriptions as per the standard guidelines (WHO and STROBE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 606, 249 (41%) were from the age group of 30-39 years. Addictions were present in 388 (64%). Out of 606, 186 had urological, 154 had cardiovascular and 102 had psychological co-morbid disorders. Out of 348, 201 were prescribed Tadalafil (low dose) on a once daily basis. Out of 172, 121 were prescribed Sildenafil (high dose) on an 'as and when required' basis. Nutritional/ herbal supplements were prescribed in 126/606. The ratio of 'Prescribed Daily Dose' to 'Defined Daily Dose' of Tadalafil, Sildenafil, and Dapoxetine were 1.1, 1.3 and 1.5 respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measures for de-addiction play an important role in the overall management of ED. The most common co-morbid disorders were urological, like BPH, LUTS, etc, followed by cardiovascular, psychological and diabetes. Overall, rational pharmacotherapy was observed. Tadalafil was the most commonly prescribed drug for ED. The main factor in the selection of a particular PDE5 inhibitor was its pharmacokinetics and cost. Udenafil, being the costliest, was the least prescribed. Dapoxetine was used in a significant number of individuals primarily for PE with ED. The combination of Papaverine, Chlorpromazine ± Alprostadil was used as intracavernosal injection in patients not responding to oral drugs.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Grant Medical College & Sir JJ Hospital , Mumbai, India .
authors.forename: Amit S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Mutha
authors.affiliation: Consultant Andrologist & Microsurgeon, Department of Urology, Honorary Consultant Lokmanya Tilak Medical College & Hospital , Sion, Mumbai, India .
authors.forename: Vijay R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.affiliation: Junior Resident-III, Department of Pharmacology, Grant Medical College & Sir JJ Hospital , Mumbai, India .
authors.forename: Sagar B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Bhagat
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Grant Medical College & Sir JJ Hospital , Mumbai, India .
authors.forename: Amit S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Beldar
authors.affiliation: Professor & Head, Department of Pharmacology, Grant Medical College & Sir JJ Hospital , Mumbai, India .
authors.forename: Sadiq B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Patel
keywords: Drug utilization analysis; Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors; Sexology; Sexual dysfunction