title: Metal and proton adsorption capacities of natural and cloned Sphagnum mosses.
abstract: Terrestrial mosses are commonly used as bioindicators of atmospheric pollution. However, there is a lack of standardization of the biomonitoring preparation technique and the efficiency of metal adsorption by various moss species is poorly known. This is especially true for in vitro-cultivated moss clones, which are promising candidates for a standardized moss-bag technique. We studied the adsorption of copper and zinc on naturally grown Sphagnum peat moss in comparison with in vitro-cultivated Sphagnum palustre samples in order to provide their physico-chemical characterization and to test the possibility of using cloned peat mosses as bioindicators within the protocol of moss-bag technique. We demonstrate that in vitro-grown clones of S. palustre exhibit acid-base properties similar to those of naturally grown Sphagnum samples, whereas the zinc adsorption capacity of the clones is approx. twice higher than that of the samples from the field. At the same time, the field samples adsorbed 30-50% higher amount of Cu(2+) compared to that of the clones. This contrast may be related to fine differences in the bulk chemical composition, specific surface area, morphological features, type and abundance of binding sites at the cell surfaces and in the aqueous solution of natural and cloned Sphagnum. The clones exhibited much lower concentration of most metal pollutants in their tissues relative to the natural samples thus making the former better indicators of low metal loading. Overall, in vitro-produced clones of S. palustre can be considered as an adequate, environmentally benign substitution for protected natural Sphagnum sp. samples to be used in moss-bags for atmospheric monitoring.
authors.affiliation: GET (Géosciences Environnement Toulouse), UMR 5563 CNRS; 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Electronic address: aridaneglez@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Aridane G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: GET (Géosciences Environnement Toulouse), UMR 5563 CNRS; 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France; BIO-GEO-CLIM Laboratory, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia; Institute of Ecological Problems of the North, 23 Nab. Severnoi Dviny, Arkhangelsk, Russia. Electronic address: oleg@get.obs-mip.fr.
authors.forename: Oleg S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Pokrovsky
authors.affiliation: Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Anna K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Beike
authors.affiliation: Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS - Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; FRIAS - Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reski
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Agraria, Universita' di Napoli Federico II, Via Universita' 100, 80055 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Palma
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Agraria, Universita' di Napoli Federico II, Via Universita' 100, 80055 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Adamo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' di Napoli Federico II, Campus Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Simonetta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.affiliation: Área de Ecología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Univ. Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Angel Fernandez
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D011522:Protons; D044003:Sphagnopsida / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D011522:Protons; D003300:Copper; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Biomonitoring; Biosorption; Moss; Moss-bag technique; Sphagnum