title: CORRELATIONS AMONG ULTRASONOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS OF OPTIC NERVE SHEATH DIAMETER, AGE, AND BODY WEIGHT IN CLINICALLY NORMAL HORSES.
abstract: Early diagnosis of high intracranial pressure (ICP) is critical for minimizing progressive brain injury due to reduced cerebral perfusion. In people, detecting enlargement of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) by transpalpebral ultrasonography has been found to be an accurate test for high ICP. Aims of this prospective, observational, cross-sectional study were to test hypotheses that (1) ultrasonographic measurement of ONSD would be repeatable in horses, (2) have acceptable interobserver agreement, and (3) would be correlated with age and body weight. The sample population included 48 horses without clinical signs of high ICP and with varying ages and body weights. Two observers independently performed ONSD measurements in both eyes. All measurements ranged from 2.6 to 6.5 mm. The mean difference of repeated measures within observers was ≤0.1 mm and the coefficients of variation ranged from 5.0% to 8.8%. The mean difference of measures between observers was ≤0.2 mm. After correcting for performing multiple tests, no significant rank correlation (all r < 0.4 [absolute value]) was detected between ONSD and age or body weight. However, we observed smaller ONSD in foals versus adults (all P ≤ 0.002). In the foals, all observed measures of rostrocaudal and dorsoventral ONSD were <5 mm. In the adults, all observed measures of rostrocaudal and dorsoventral ONSD were ≤6.5 mm. Findings indicated that ultrasonographic ONSD measurement is a feasible test for use in horses of varying ages and sizes. Further investigation of this ultrasonographic measure as a clinical test for horse with suspected high ICP is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853.
authors.forename: Stacy D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Cooley
authors.affiliation: Departments of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853.
authors.forename: Peter V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Scrivani
authors.affiliation: Departments of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853.
authors.forename: Margret S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Departments of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853.
authors.forename: Nita L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Irby
authors.affiliation: Departments of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Divers
authors.affiliation: Population Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853.
authors.forename: Hollis N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Erb
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D007427:Intracranial Pressure; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000662:veterinary*
keywords: horse; intracranial pressure; optic nerve sheath diameter; ultrasonography