title: Brief Communication: Skeletal and dental development in a sub-adult western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Non-human primate growth trajectories are often used to estimate the age and life history traits of fossil taxa. The exclusive use of chimpanzee growth patterns to estimate developmental stages for the earliest hominins is problematic because incomplete lineage sorting in the hominoid clade has produced a mosaic human genome that contains different regions shared with any one of the great apes. The accidental death of a sub-adult male western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) provides not only an opportunity to compare the degree of dentoskeletal maturation in this individual with published data from conspecifics, but also insight into gorilla growth and development as it applies to modeling that of early hominins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dental stage was assessed for a sub-adult male western lowland gorilla by comparing dental eruption and calcification to established relative age categories. Ectocranial suture fusion, epiphyseal union, and long bone dimensions were compared to growth standards for wild male gorillas of a similar dental stage to determine developmental timing variability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results suggest that greater variability exists in developmental rates and patterns and in morphological parameters than is often acknowledged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results have implications for selecting appropriate models for studying extinct taxa. Ecological and physical characteristics shared between humans and gorillas may make gorilla life history equally valid in a comparative framework and encourage non-exclusive use of chimpanzee life history for paleoanthropological models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, 63130.
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Joganic
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000885:Anthropology, Physical; D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D003393:Cranial Sutures / Q000502:physiology; D005121:Extremities / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005580:Fossils; D006071:Gorilla gorilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014070:Tooth / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development
keywords: age estimation; fossil hominins; great apes; incomplete lineage sorting; life history