title: Presenting native-like HIV-1 envelope trimers on ferritin nanoparticles improves their immunogenicity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Presenting vaccine antigens in particulate form can improve their immunogenicity by enhancing B cell activation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We describe ferritin-based protein nanoparticles that display multiple copies of native-like HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers (BG505 SOSIP.664). Trimer-bearing nanoparticles were significantly more immunogenic than trimers in both mice and rabbits. Furthermore, rabbits immunized with the trimer-bearing nanoparticles induced significantly higher neutralizing antibody responses against most tier 1A viruses, and higher responses (but not significantly), to several tier 1B viruses and the autologous tier 2 virus than when the same trimers were delivered as soluble proteins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This or other nanoparticle designs may be practical ways to improve the immunogenicity of envelope glycoprotein trimers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. k.h.sliepen@amc.uva.nl.
authors.forename: Kwinten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sliepen
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. gozorows@scripps.edu.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ozorowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. j.a.burger@amc.uva.nl.
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. t.vanmontfort@amc.uva.nl.
authors.forename: Thijs
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van Montfort
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. melissa.stunnenberg@student.uva.nl.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stunnenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA. celia.labranche@dm.duke.edu.
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: LaBranche
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA. david.montefiori@duke.edu.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Montefiori
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA. jpm2003@med.cornell.edu.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. abward@scripps.edu.
authors.forename: Andrew B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. r.w.sanders@amc.uva.nl.|Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA. r.w.sanders@amc.uva.nl.
authors.forename: Rogier W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Sanders
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000276:immunology; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D011817:Rabbits; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D005293:Ferritins