title: Identification of Putative Genes Involved in Bisphenol A Degradation Using Differential Protein Abundance Analysis of Sphingobium sp. BiD32.
abstract: Discharge of the endocrine disrupting compound bisphenol A (BPA) with wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents into surface waters results in deleterious effects on aquatic life. Sphingobium sp. BiD32 was previously isolated from activated sludge based on its ability to degrade BPA. This study investigated BPA metabolism by Sphingobium sp. BiD32 using label-free quantitative proteomics. The genome of Sphingobium sp. BiD32 was sequenced to provide a species-specific platform for optimal protein identification. The bacterial proteomes of Sphingobium sp. BiD32 in the presence and absence of BPA were identified and quantified. A total of 2155 proteins were identified; 1174 of these proteins were quantified, and 184 of these proteins had a statistically significant change in abundance in response to the presence/absence of BPA (p ≤ 0.05). Proteins encoded by genes previously identified to be responsible for protocatechuate degradation were upregulated in the presence of BPA. The analysis of the metabolites from BPA degradation by Sphingobium sp. BiD32 detected a hydroxylated metabolite. A novel p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase enzyme detected by proteomics was implicated in the metabolic pathway associated with the detected metabolite. This enzyme is hypothesized to be involved in BPA degradation by Sphingobium sp. BiD32, and may serve as a future genetic marker for BPA degradation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University , Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark.|Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington , More Hall 201 Box 352700, Seattle, Washington 98195-2700, United States.
authors.forename: Nicolette A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University , Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kjeldal
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington , More Hall 201 Box 352700, Seattle, Washington 98195-2700, United States.
authors.forename: Heidi L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Gough
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University , Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jeppe L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Nielsen
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D055442:Metabolome; D005810:Multigene Family; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism*; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D042301:Sphingomonadaceae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000378:metabolism; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; D020543:Proteome; D015262:Xenobiotics; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds