title: Penile Skin Involvement as the First Presentation of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Report of Nine Cases and Review of Literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Involvement of penis is a rare presentation in henoch-schonlein purpura (HSP). The presentations are mainly due to the deposition of immunoglobulin A (IgA) into the vessel walls. In this report, we present the clinical history of nine HSP cases that presented with penile skin involvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients were referred in the acute phase of HSP. Penile skin involvement was evident as erythema, edema, ecchymosis, or induration of prepuce and/or penile shaft, that appeared simultaneously with skin rash in seven patients. Gastrointestinal involvement was positive in six patients. Patients were treated with steroids and follow up visits were normal except for one patient that developed crescentic glomerulonephritis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We present nine cases of HSP with penile involvement in order to indicate another rare aspect of HSP and its possible complications as well as its appropriate treatment.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran ; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Koosha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Paydary
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran ; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Sahra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Emamzadeh Fard
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Amir Hassan
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Mahboubi
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Rheumatology Research Group, Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran ; Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Vahid
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ziaee
authors.affiliation: Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran, IR Iran ; Department of Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hassan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Moradinejad
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Abdol-Mohammad
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kajbafzadeh
keywords: Oral Corticosteroid; Penis; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch; Skin; Vasculitis