title: Long-Term Coffee Consumption and Risk of Gastric Cancer: A PRISMA-Compliant Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.
abstract: Association between coffee consumption and gastric cancer risk remains controversial. Hence, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate and quantify the potential dose-response association between long-term coffee consumption and risk of gastric cancer.Pertinent studies were identified by searching PubMed and Embase from January 1996 through February 10, 2015 and by reviewing the reference lists of retrieved publications. Prospective cohort studies in which authors reported effect sizes and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of gastric cancer for 3 or more categories of coffee consumption were eligible. Results from eligible studies were aggregated using a random effect model. All analyses were carried out using the STATA 12.0 software.Nine studies involving 15 independent prospective cohorts were finally included. A total of 2019 incident cases of gastric cancer were ascertained among 1,289,314 participants with mean follow-up periods ranging from 8 to 18 years. No nonlinear relationship of coffee consumption with gastric cancer risk was indentified (P for nonlinearity = 0.53; P for heterogeneity = 0.004). The linear regression model showed that the combined relative risk (RR) of every 3 cups/day increment of total coffee consumption was 1.07 (95% CI = 0.95-1.21). Compared with the lowest category of coffee consumption, the RR of gastric cancer was 1.18 (95% CI = 0.90-1.55) for the highest (median 6.5 cups/day) category, 1.06 (95% CI = 0.85-1.32) for the second highest category (median 3.5 cups/day), and 0.97 (95% CI = 0.79-1.20) for the third highest category (median 1.5 cups/day). Subgroup analysis showed an elevated risk in the US population (RR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.06-1.75) and no adjustment for smoking (RR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.08-2.59) for 6.5 cups/day.Current evidence indicated there was no nonlinear association between coffee consumption and gastric cancer risk. However, high coffee consumption (more than 6.5 cups/day) might increase the risk of gastric cancer in the US population. More high quality studies were warranted to further investigate the association.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (S-BZ, MZ, X-TZ); Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan (HW, X-TZ); Department of Digestive Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (X-LD); and Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA (X-FS).
authors.forename: Shao-Bo
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xiao-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Xian-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Xian-Tao
authors.initials: XT
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee