title: In Vitro Activity of Oral Cephalosporins (Cefprozil and Cefixime) Against Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae from Community-Acquired Urinary-Tract Infections.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The global emergence of pathogens of urinary-tract infections resistant to ciprofloxacin or producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) led us to investigate the activity of older antimicrobials such as cefprozil and cefixime against a recent broad collection of urine enterobacteria from 2012 and 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  Minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations of cefprozil, cefixime and ciprofloxacin were determined against 293 Escherichia coli (40 ESBL producers), 54 Klebsiella pneumoniae (10 ESBL producers) and 53 Proteus mirabilis isolates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cefprozil was more active than ciprofloxacin against non-ESBL-producing E. coli (93.7% vs 80.2%, p < 0.0001); this was not the case for cefixime (85.7% vs 80.2%, p: 0.125). Overall, cefprozil and cefixime inhibited 80-90% of ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates of all studied species. However, they were active against less than 20% of ESBL-producing isolates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that cefprozil and cefixime remain a good therapeutic alternative against urine enterobacteria particularly in case of ciprofloxacin-resistant pathogens. Their activity against ESBL-producing pathogens is limited.
authors.affiliation: 4th Department of Internal Medicine, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Aikaterini
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pistiki
authors.affiliation: 4th Department of Internal Medicine, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsaganos
authors.affiliation: 4th Department of Internal Medicine, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Galani
authors.affiliation: 4th Department of Internal Medicine, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece. egiamarel@med.uoa.gr.
authors.forename: Evangelos J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Giamarellos-Bourboulis
keywords: Cefixime; Cefprozil; Ciprofloxacin; Escherichia coli; Urinary tract