title: Principles of Fluid Management.
abstract: Fluid therapy is the most common intervention received by acutely ill hospitalized patients; however, important questions on its optimal use remain. Its prescription should be patient and context specific, with clear indications and contradictions, and have the type, dose, and rate specified. Any fluid therapy, if provided inappropriately, can contribute unnecessary harm to patients. The quantitative toxicity of fluid therapy contributes to worse outcomes; this should prompt greater bedside attention to fluid prescription, fluid balance, development of avoidable complications attributable to fluid overload, and for the timely deresuscitation of patients whose clinical status and physiology allow active fluid mobilization.
authors.affiliation: Division of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 8440-112 Street Northwest, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2B7, Canada.
authors.forename: Oleksa
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rewa
authors.affiliation: Division of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 8440-112 Street Northwest, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2B7, Canada. Electronic address: bagshaw@ualberta.ca.
authors.forename: Sean M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bagshaw
mesh_terms: D003102:Colloids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016638:Critical Illness; D000077324:Crystalloid Solutions; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic
chemical_list: D003102:Colloids; D000077324:Crystalloid Solutions; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D007552:Isotonic Solutions
keywords: Colloid; Crystalloid; Fluid balance; Intravenous; Resuscitation; Toxicity