title: Reference values of regional cerebral oxygen saturation during the first 3 days of life in preterm neonates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Currently, reliable reference values of regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2) for different gestational age (GA) groups are lacking, which hampers the implementation of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) alongside monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and blood pressure in neonatal intensive care. The aim of this study was to provide reference values for rScO2 and cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE; (SaO2 - rScO2)/SaO2) for small adult and neonatal NIRS sensors.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 999 infants born preterm (GA <32 wk) were monitored with NIRS during the first 72 h of life. Mixed modeling was used to generate reference curves grouped per 2 wk of GA. In addition, the influence of a hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus, gender, and birth weight were explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average rScO2 was ~65% at admission, increased with GA (1% per week) and followed a parabolic curve in relation to postnatal age with a peak at ~36 h. The cFTOE showed similar but inverse effects. On average, the neonatal sensor measured 10% higher than the adult sensor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  rScO2 and cFTOE reference curves are provided for the first 72 h of life in preterm infants, which might support the broader implementation of NIRS in neonatal intensive care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alderliesten
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dix
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Baerts
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), Division SCD, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.|iMinds-KU Leuven Future Health Department, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caicedo
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), Division SCD, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.|iMinds-KU Leuven Future Health Department, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Huffel
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, University Hospital The Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Naulaers
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Floris
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Groenendaal
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van Bel
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lemmers
mesh_terms: D049628:Body Size; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000378:metabolism*; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010092:Oximetry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis*; D012016:Reference Values; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen