title: Community pharmacists' experience with pharmacogenetic testing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Appendix 1 Statements of knowledge of correct medication use Appendix 2 Statements of self-efficacy of correct medication use Appendix 3 Statements of skills of correct medication use To characterize the experiences and feasibility of offering pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing in a community pharmacy setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pharmacists were invited to complete a survey about PGx testing for each patient who was offered testing. If the patient consented, pharmacists were also asked to complete a follow-up survey about the process of returning PGx testing results to patients and follow-up with the prescribing provider.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community pharmacies in North Carolina from August through November 2014.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pharmacists at five community pharmacies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient consent for testing, time to introduce PGx testing initially and communicate results, interpretation of test results, and recommended medication changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 69 patients offered testing, 56 (81%) consented. Pre-test counseling typically lasted 1-5 minutes (81%), and most patients (55%) did not have any questions about the testing. Most pharmacists reported test results to patients by phone (84%), with discussions taking less than 1 minute (48%) or 1-5 minutes (52%). Most pharmacists believed the patients understood their results either very well (54%) or somewhat well (41%). Pharmacists correctly interpreted 47 of the 53 test results (89%). All of the incorrect interpretations were for patients with test results indicating a dosing or drug change (6/19; 32%). Pharmacists reported contacting the ordering physician for four patients to discuss results indicating a dosage or drug change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The provision of PGx services in a community pharmacy setting appears feasible, requiring little additional time from the pharmacist, and many patients seem interested in PGx testing. Additional training may be necessary to improve test result interpretation, as well as for communication with both patients and ordering physicians.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacist, Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Jivan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moaddeb
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Coordinator and Genetic Counselor, Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.affiliation: Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC. Electronic address: susanne.haga@duke.edu.
authors.forename: Susanne B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Haga
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D003142:Communication; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005820:Genetic Testing; D005838:Genotype; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D027381:Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1; D009657:North Carolina; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D010595:Pharmacists; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D010641:Phenotype; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D024382:Professional Role; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D015397:Program Evaluation; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D027381:Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; C503999:SLCO1B1 protein, human; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D019821:Simvastatin; C045793:CYP2C19 protein, human; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D013988:Ticlopidine