title: Naloxone/alum mixture a potent adjuvant for HIV-1 vaccine: induction of cellular and poly-isotypic humoral immune responses.
abstract: In the present study we used a fusion peptide from HIV-1 p24 and Nef as vaccine model and adjuvant activity of Naloxone/alum mixture was evaluated in a peptide vaccine model. HIV-1 p24-Nef fusion peptide was synthesized. Female BALB/c mice were divided into five groups. The first group immunized subcutaneously with the p24-Nef fusion peptide adjuvanted with Naloxone/alum mixture and boosted with same protocol. The second was immunized with fusion peptide adjuvanted in alum. The control groups were injected with NLX (Group 3), Alum (Group 4), or PBS (Groups 5) under the same conditions. To determine the type of induced immune response, sera and splenocytes were analyzed by commercial ELISA method for total IgG and isotypes and cytokine secretion (IL-4 & IFN-γ), respectively. We have also used the ELISPOT assay to monitor changes in the frequency of IFN-γ-producing T cells. The proliferation of T cells was assessed using Brdu method and T-cell cytotoxicity was assessed with CFSE method. Immunization of mice with HIV-1 p24-Nef fusion peptide formulated in Naloxone/alum mixture significantly increased lymphocyte proliferation and shifted cytokine responses toward Th1 profile compared to all other groups. Analysis of humoral immune responses revealed that administration of HIV-1 p24-Nef fusion peptide with Naloxone/alum mixture significantly increased specific IgG responses and also increased IgG1,IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3, and IgM vs. alum-adjuvanted vaccine groups. Naloxone/alum mixture as an adjuvant could improve cellular and humoral immune response for HIV vaccine model and this adjuvant maybe useful for HIV vaccine model in human clinical trial.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Immunology , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran.|b Faculty of Sciences, Department of Microbiology , Zanjan Islamic Azad University , Zanjan , Iran.
authors.forename: Sima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Velashjerdi Farahani
authors.affiliation: c Department of Hepatitis and AIDS , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reza Aghasadeghi
authors.affiliation: c Department of Hepatitis and AIDS , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Memarnejadian
authors.affiliation: d Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Sobhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Faezi
authors.affiliation: e Department of Virology , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shahosseini
authors.affiliation: a Department of Immunology , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahdavi
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000534:Alum Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D056724:Immunity, Humoral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009270:Naloxone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000534:Alum Compounds; D016207:Cytokines; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C514837:nef protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; C514799:p24 protein, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1; C041524:aluminum sulfate; D009270:Naloxone
keywords: Adjuvant; HIV-1; Naloxone/alum mixture; Vaccine