title: Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids Suppress Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis in Association with Inhibition of Th1 and Th17 Cell Function.
abstract: Omega (ω)-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators and thereby contribute to the regulation of inflammation. Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) is a well-established animal model of autoimmune retinal inflammation. To investigate the potential effects of dietary intake of ω-3 LCPUFAs on uveitis, we examined the anti-inflammatory properties of these molecules in comparison with ω-6 LCPUFAs in a mouse EAU model. C57BL/6 mice were fed a diet containing ω-3 LCPUFAs or ω-6 LCPUFAs for 2 weeks before as well as after the induction of EAU by subcutaneous injection of a fragment of human interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant. Both clinical and histological scores for uveitis were smaller for mice fed ω-3 LCPUFAs than for those fed ω-6 LCPUFAs. The concentrations of the T helper 1 (Th1) cytokine interferon-γ and the Th17 cytokine interleukin-17 in intraocular fluid as well as the production of these cytokines by lymph node cells were reduced for mice fed ω-3 LCPUFAs. Furthermore, the amounts of mRNAs for the Th1- and Th17-related transcription factors T-bet and RORγt, respectively, were reduced both in the retina and in lymph node cells of mice fed ω-3 LCPUFAs. Our results thus show that a diet enriched in ω-3 LCPUFAs suppressed uveitis in mice in association with inhibition of Th1 and Th17 cell function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical Collage, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shoda
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryoji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yanai
authors.affiliation: Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Takeru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sobrin
authors.affiliation: Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kip M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Connor
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakoda
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical Collage, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsunehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Koh-Hei
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Sonoda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D057132:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 / Q000235:genetics; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D014605:Uveitis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000098815:T-bet Transcription Factor
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008055:Lipids; D057132:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D000098815:T-bet Transcription Factor