title: Power reflectance testing in newborns and infants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Auditory screening in newborns allows for detection of hearing problems early in life. However, middle ear diseases can make the diagnosis more difficult.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the power reflectance test as an indicator of the middle ear disease and to compare it to tympanometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case study evaluating 105 newborns and infants who participated in the audiology screening in 2013. The following exams were performed: transient otoacoustic emissions, power reflectance, and tympanometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the optoacoustic emission evaluation, approximately 95% of the subjects passed the test. The specificity of power reflectance in all frequencies studied ranged from 75.3% to 95.9%, and that of tympanometry at 1000Hz ranged from 83% to 87.2%; there was agreement among these exams.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The outcome of power reflectance tests at 2000Hz and 3000Hz showed a correlation with tympanometry and otoacoustic emissions, and these were the most appropriate frequencies to determine middle ear disease through power reflectance measurement. It was also observed that values of power reflectance above reference levels suggested the presence of fluid in the middle ear, and thus a conductive hearing loss.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: ticigarambone@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ticianna Garambone de Cerqueira
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Medicine School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helena Maria Gonçalves
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: Medicine School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Celso Gonçalves
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: Newborn Hearing Screening Team, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniele Barreto da Cunha
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Medicine School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Aeronautical Engineering and Mechanics, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camilo Brandão de
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Resende
authors.affiliation: Medicine School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberto Eustáquio Santos
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Guimarães
mesh_terms: D000158:Acoustic Impedance Tests; D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006314:Hearing Loss, Conductive / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015997:Neonatal Screening; D017084:Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: Hearing tests; Middle ear; Neonatal screening; Orelha média; Testes auditivos; Triagem neonatal