title: Latent Classes of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in NACC Controls and Conversion to Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A number of studies have linked neuropsychiatric symptoms to increase risk of dementia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if risk of conversion to mild cognitive impairment or dementia among healthy controls varied as a function of their pattern of neuropsychiatric symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied individuals in the National Alzheimer Coordinating Center dataset collected from 34 Alzheimer Disease Centers between 2005 and 2013. The analysis included 4,517 volunteers who were ≥60 years old, cognitively normal, and had complete Neuropsychiatric Inventory data at their baseline visit, and had at least one follow-up. We used latent class analysis to identify four classes based on patterns of NPI symptoms. We used a Cox proportional hazards model to determine if time to MCI or dementia varied by baseline latent class membership.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified four latent classes of neuropsychiatric symptoms: irritable, depressed, complex (depression, apathy, irritability, and nighttime behaviors) and asymptomatic. 873 participants converted to MCI or dementia. Hazard ratios for conversion by class were 1.76 (95% CI: 1.34, 2.33) for the irritable class, 3.20 (95% CI: 2.24, 4.58) for the complex class, and 1.90 (95% CI: 1.49, 2.43) for the depressed class, with the asymptomatic class as the reference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Membership in all three symptomatic classes was associated with greater risk of conversion to MCI or dementia; the complex class had the greatest risk. Different patterns of neuropsychiatric symptoms may represent different underlying neuropathological pathways to dementia. Further work imaging and pathology research is necessary to determine if this is the case.
authors.forename: Jeannie-Marie S
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Leoutsakos
authors.forename: Sarah N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Forrester
authors.forename: Constantine G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Lyketsos
authors.forename: Gwenn S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D003704:Dementia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012306:Risk
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; dementia; depression; latent class analysis; neuropsychiatric symptoms