title: Markers of progression and invasion in short term follow up of untreated breast cancer patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cancer progression and metastasis are complex processes, dependent of molecules involved in inflammation, degradation and invasion. These molecules can be used as prognostic indicators to single out patients with higher risk of recurrence. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) has a role in inflammation, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-2, -9 have a decisive part in the process of degradation and invasion, while vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is consequential for angiogenesis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Aim of our study is to determine relations between IL-8, uPA, PAI-1, MMP-2, -9, VEGF as their prognostic significance in terms of recurrence free survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 91 untreated patients with lymph node negative (N0) primary breast cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with higher levels of uPA (p= 0.05), PAI-1 (0.05), MMP2 (p= 0.05) and IL-8 (p= 0.02) have a poor prognosis. Positive correlations were found between ER - PR, uPA - PAI-1, uPA - MMP9, PAI-1 - IL-8, MMP9 - IL-8, MMP9 - VEGF. Negative correlations were found between ER - IL-8, uPA - IL-8, MMP2 - VEGF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher concentrations of IL-8, uPA, PAI-1 and MMP2, as is MMP9 and VEGF, confirmed aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis in different subgroups.
authors.forename: Zaki Abu
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Rabi
authors.forename: Nataša
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Todorović-Raković
authors.forename: Tijana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vujasinović
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Milovanović
authors.forename: Dragica
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nikolić-Vukosavljević
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008408:Mastectomy; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D015996:Survival Rate; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016209:Interleukin-8; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; C579270:MMP9 protein, human
keywords: Breast cancer; interleukin 8; lymph node; matrix metalloproteinase; plasminogen activator; prognostic markers; progression