title: Immune stimulation improves endocrine and neural fetal outcomes in a model of maternofetal thyrotoxicosis.
abstract: The potentiation of the immune system in pregnant rats was performed with Complete Freund's Adjuvant [CFA; 20μl, subcutaneous at gestation day (GD) 18] in experimentally-induced hyperthyroidism by Levo-thyroxine (L-T4; 10μg/100g of b.w., intraperitoneal from GD 2 to 17). The potential effects on the fetal neuroendocrine function were evaluated by observing some histopathological investigations in pregnant rats and measuring some biochemical parameters in dams and their fetuses at GD 20. In hyperthyroid group, an increase in maternofetal serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and a decrease in thyrotropin (TSH) levels were noticed, while the concentrations of fetal serum growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) levels were increased at tested GD with respect to control and CFA groups. Moreover, the activity of uterine and placental myeloperoxidase (MPO) was increased (P<0.001) in CFA and CFA-treated hyperthyroid groups in respect to control or hyperthyroid groups, respectively. The gestational thyrotoxicosis led to some histopathological lesions in uterine and placental tissues characterized by severe degeneration in trophoblast spongioblast cell layer with congestion, mild congested blood vessels in the endometrium and deficient in spiral artery remodeling. Although, the elevation in fetal serum transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) and cerebellar monoamines [norepineprine (NE), epinephrine (E), dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] was observed, the reduction in fetal serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and adipokines (Leptin and adiponectin) was detected. Treatment of dams with CFA showed an obviously reversing and protecting effect against hyperthyroid perturbations. Thus, the maternal CFA can be used in treatment of the fetal neuroendocrine dysfunctions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Anatomy and Embryology,Zoology Department,Faculty of Science,Beni-Suef University,Beni-Suef, Egypt. Electronic address: ahmedragab08@gmail.com.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunity,Zoology Department,Faculty of Science,Beni-Suef University,Beni-Suef,Egypt.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdel-Latif
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University,Beni-Suef,Egypt.
authors.forename: Emad A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Mahdi
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University,Beni-Suef,Egypt.
authors.forename: Khalid A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: El-Nesr
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004702:Endocrine Glands / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D009420:Nervous System / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013971:Thyrotoxicosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D016207:Cytokines; D006728:Hormones; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013974:Thyroxine
keywords: Complete Freund's adjuvant,; Maternofetal hyperthyroidism,; Rats