title: A double-blind randomized clinical trial on the efficacy of magnetic sacral root stimulation for the treatment of Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Purpose of this study was to evaluate the long term efficacy of repetitive sacral root magnetic stimulation (rSMS) in patients with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty four patients were randomized to receive either sham or real repetitive sacral root magnetic stimulation (rSMS; 15 Hz with a total of 1500 pulses/session) for 10 sessions. Evaluation was performed before starting treatment, immediately after the 5th and 10th treatment session, and 1 month later, using frequency of enuresis/week, visual analogue scale (VAS) and quality of life as outcome measures. Resting and active motor thresholds of gastrocnemius muscles were measured before and after the end of sessions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both treatment and control groups were comparable for baseline measures of frequency of enuresis, and VAS. The mean number of wet nights/week was significantly reduced in patients who received real rSMS. This improvement was maintained 1 month after the end of treatment. Patients receiving real-rSMS also reported an improvement in VAS ratings and quality of life. A significant reduction of resting motor threshold was recorded after rSMS in the real group while no such changes were observed in the sham group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that rSMS has potential as an adjuvant treatment for MNE and deserves further study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt.
authors.forename: Eman M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Khedr
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt.
authors.forename: Khaled A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Elbeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdel Baky
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt.
authors.forename: Noha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abo-Elfetoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt.
authors.forename: Dina H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: El-Hammady
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt.
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Korashy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D055909:Magnetic Field Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012445:Sacrococcygeal Region; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Nocturnal enuresis; quality of life; repetitive sacral root magnetic stimulation; targeted electrical or magnetic sacral root stimulation