title: Quantitative proteomics and bioinformatic analysis provide new insight into the dynamic response of porcine intestine to Salmonella Typhimurium.
abstract: The enteropathogen Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is the most commonly non-typhoideal serotype isolated in pig worldwide. Currently, one of the main sources of human infection is by consumption of pork meat. Therefore, prevention and control of salmonellosis in pigs is crucial for minimizing risks to public health. The aim of the present study was to use isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) to explore differences in the response to Salmonella in two segment of the porcine gut (ileum and colon) along a time course of 1, 2, and 6 days post infection (dpi) with S. Typhimurium. A total of 298 proteins were identified in the infected ileum samples of which, 112 displayed significant expression differences due to Salmonella infection. In colon, 184 proteins were detected in the infected samples of which 46 resulted differentially expressed with respect to the controls. The higher number of changes in protein expression was quantified in ileum at 2 dpi. Further biological interpretation of proteomics data using bioinformatics tools demonstrated that the expression changes in colon were found in proteins involved in cell death and survival, tissue morphology or molecular transport at the early stages and tissue regeneration at 6 dpi. In ileum, however, changes in protein expression were mainly related to immunological and infection diseases, inflammatory response or connective tissue disorders at 1 and 2 dpi. iTRAQ has proved to be a proteomic robust approach allowing us to identify ileum as the earliest response focus upon S. Typhimurium in the porcine gut. In addition, new functions involved in the response to bacteria such as eIF2 signaling, free radical scavengers or antimicrobial peptides (AMP) expression have been identified. Finally, the impairment at of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and lipid metabolism by means the under regulation of FABP6 protein and FXR/RXR and LXR/RXR signaling pathway in ileum has been established for the first time in pigs. Taken together, our results provide a better understanding of the porcine response to Salmonella infection and the molecular mechanisms underlying Salmonella-host interactions.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Melania
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Collado-Romero
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arce
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Concepción
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lucena
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Marius C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Codrea
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morera
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Emoke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bendixen
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba Córdoba, Spain ; Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Ángela
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Garrido
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003106:Colon / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D019295:Computational Biology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D007082:Ileum / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D040901:Proteomics; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000473:pathology*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Salmonella Typhimurium; colon; experimentally infected pigs; iTRAQ; ileum; intestinal response