title: Tissue Distribution of Memory T and B Cells in Rhesus Monkeys following Influenza A Infection.
abstract: Studies of influenza-specific immune responses in humans have largely assessed systemic responses involving serum Ab and peripheral blood T cell responses. However, recent evidence indicates that tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells play an important role in local murine intrapulmonary immunity. Rhesus monkeys were pulmonary exposed to 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus at days 0 and 28 and immune responses in different tissue compartments were measured. All animals were asymptomatic postinfection. Although only minimal memory immune responses were detected in peripheral blood, a high frequency of influenza nucleoprotein-specific memory T cells was detected in the lung at the "contraction phase," 49-58 d after second virus inoculation. A substantial proportion of lung nucleoprotein-specific memory CD8(+) T cells expressed CD103 and CD69, phenotypic markers of TRM cells. Lung CD103(+) and CD103(-) memory CD8(+) T cells expressed similar levels of IFN-γ and IL-2. Unlike memory T cells, spontaneous Ab secreting cells and memory B cells specific to influenza hemagglutinin were primarily observed in the mediastinal lymph nodes. Little difference in systemic and local immune responses against influenza was observed between young adult (6-8 y) and old animals (18-28 y). Using a nonhuman primate model, we revealed substantial induction of local T and B cell responses following 2009 pandemic H1N1 infection. Our study identified a subset of influenza-specific lung memory T cells characterized as TRM cells in rhesus monkeys. The rhesus monkey model may be useful to explore the role of TRM cells in local tissue protective immunity after rechallenge and vaccination.
authors.affiliation: Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; sathitp@afrims.org.
authors.forename: Sathit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pichyangkul
authors.affiliation: Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
authors.forename: Kosol
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yongvanitchit
authors.affiliation: Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
authors.forename: Amporn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Limsalakpetch
authors.affiliation: Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
authors.forename: Utaiwan
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kum-Arb
authors.affiliation: Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
authors.forename: Rawiwan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Im-Erbsin
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
authors.forename: Kobporn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boonnak
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
authors.forename: Arunee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thitithayanont
authors.affiliation: National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; and.
authors.forename: Anan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jongkaewwattana
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
authors.forename: Suwimon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wiboon-ut
authors.affiliation: Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
authors.forename: Duangrat
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mongkolsirichaikul
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Rangsini
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahanonda
authors.affiliation: Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spring
authors.affiliation: Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
authors.forename: Ilin
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
authors.forename: Carl J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.affiliation: Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Saunders
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory / Q000276:immunology*; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D039001:Integrin alpha Chains / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D008482:Mediastinum / Q000821:virology; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D013997:Time Factors; D000099192:CD69 Antigens
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D039001:Integrin alpha Chains; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D007376:Interleukin-2; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D000099192:CD69 Antigens; C091367:alpha E integrins