title: An anti-mosquito mixture for domestic use, combining a fertiliser and a chemical or biological larvicide.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plant saucers are an important larval habitat for Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus in peridomestic situations. Because NPK fertilisers in plant containers tend to enhance the oviposition of these species, we investigated the effects of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, spinosad, pyriproxyfen and diflubenzuron larvicides in combination with fertiliser on the adult emergence and fecundity of the mosquitoes coming from plant saucers in controlled greenhouse experiments. NPK + larvicide (NPK-LAV) treatments were tested on Ae. aegypti. Each treatment was compared with water and with fertiliser alone on a total of five houseplants and their saucers. The fertilising treatment was renewed every 30-45 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With less than 5% imaginal emergence, the NPK + spinosad 0.5% treatment remained effective for 30 days. Both NPK + pyriproxyfen 0.1% and NPK + diflubenzuron 0.25% were effective for 45 days. The average number of eggs laid in the three treatments was similar to the NPK treatment, indicating that spinosad, pyriproxyfen and diflubenzuron did not alter the attraction effect of the fertiliser on egg laying. NPK + pyriproxyfen and NPK + diflubenzuron also had ovicidal activity and an important impact on the fecundity of the Ae. aegypti female imagos and the fertility of their eggs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of NPK fertiliser to insecticides can increase larval control of Aedes mosquitoes. This innovative measure for personal protection, which is harmless for both humans and animals, would be an additional support for the community-based actions led by the institutional services for vector control. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR MIVEGEC (UM1-UM2-CNRS 5290-IRD 224), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Darriet
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes; D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis; D004132:Diflubenzuron; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005308:Fertilizers; D007306:Insecticides; D007814:Larva; D018942:Macrolides; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D011725:Pyridines
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D005308:Fertilizers; D007306:Insecticides; D018942:Macrolides; D011725:Pyridines; C055613:pyriproxyfen; D004132:Diflubenzuron; C415329:spinosad
keywords: Aedes aegypti; NPK + larvicide treatment; attraction for egg laying; effects on adult mosquitoes; larvicide; ovicide