title: Treating Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer With Concurrent Chemoradiation Without Brachytherapy in Low-resource Countries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarize the literature on options of management of patients treated for locally advanced cervical cancers with a specific focus on resource-constrained settings where brachytherapy is not available.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Medline search was performed to summarize studies about treatment approaches including neoadjuvant chemotherapy, primary surgery for bulky cervical cancer, and chemoradiation followed by surgery. Summaries are by treatment approaches that are relevant to resource-constrained settings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There are a lack of studies performed on neoadjuvant chemotherapy in low-resource settings. Primary surgery followed by chemoradiation therapy for selected patients with bulky cervical cancer is a feasible option. The disadvantage is the potential increase in treatment complications. Chemoradiation without brachytherapy followed by surgery has been found to have equivalent outcomes and is associated with acceptable morbidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In resource-constrained settings where brachytherapy is not available, performing radical hysterectomy after chemoradiation therapy without brachytherapy has been shown to produce equivalent outcomes. It seems reasonable to adopt a modified therapeutic protocol of chemoradiation followed by extrafascial hysterectomy as an alternative treatment option in low-resource countries where brachytherapy is not readily available.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology *Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai §Columbia University, New York, NY †Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine ∥Division of Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Chicago, IL Division of Gynecologic Oncology ‡Carolina Healthcare System, Charlotte, NC ¶Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
authors.forename: Linus
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Margaux J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kanis
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Small
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Creasman
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001918:Brachytherapy; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D059248:Chemoradiotherapy / Q000379:methods; D059186:Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000379:methods*; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006295:Health Resources; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*