title: Why are kids with lupus at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease?
abstract: Juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an aggressive multisystem autoimmune disease. Despite improvements in outcomes for adult patients, children with SLE continue to have a lower life expectancy than adults with SLE, with more aggressive disease, a higher incidence of lupus nephritis and there is an emerging awareness of their increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review, we discuss the evidence for an increased risk of CVD in SLE, its pathogenesis, and the clinical approach to its management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. catherine.quinlan@rch.org.au.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quinlan
authors.affiliation: Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.affiliation: Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Kjell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tullus
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015994:Incidence; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007155:Immunologic Factors
keywords: Adipokines; Cardiovascular; Lipids; Physical activity; Systemic lupus erythematosus