title: Assessing the Multi-faceted Nature of Test Anxiety Among Secondary School Students: An English Version of the German Test Anxiety Questionnaire: PAF-E.
abstract: The current study concerns the validation of an English version of the German Test Anxiety Inventory, namely the PAF-E. This questionnaire is a multi-faceted measure of test anxiety designed to detect normative test anxiety levels and in consequence meet the need of consultancy. Construct and criterion validity of (PAF-E) were examined with a sample of 96 secondary students (Mage = 12.8, SD = 0.67; 55% girls) from an international school in Berlin (Germany) and 399 secondary students (Mage = 13.4, SD = 0.80; 56% girls) from Montréal (Canada). Both samples completed the PAF-E and related constructs, such as school-related self-efficacy, inhibitory test anxiety, achievement motivation, and the Big Five. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the four-factor-structure (worry, emotionality, interfering thoughts, lack of confidence) of the original German Test Anxiety Inventory (PAF). Each subscale consists of five items with a total of 20 questions. Cronbach's alpha, ranging from.71 to.82 among Germans and.77 to.87 among Canadians as well as the re-test reliability (from.80 to.85 among Canadians) were sufficient. The differential patterns of correlations between other constructs and the indices of test anxiety indicate good construct validity.
authors.affiliation: a Free University Berlin.
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hoferichter
authors.affiliation: b Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raufelder
authors.affiliation: c Merseburg University of Applied Sciences.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ringeisen
authors.affiliation: d Goethe-University.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rohrmann
authors.affiliation: e Concordia University.
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Bukowski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013732:Test Anxiety Scale; D014177:Translations
keywords: English version of the German Test Anxiety Inventory: PAF-E; assessment; secondary school students; test anxiety