title: Medication-induced acute dystonic reaction: the challenge of diagnosing movement disorders in the intensive care unit.
abstract: A 62-year-old man presented with left middle cerebral artery stroke. 1 h postadministration of tissue plasminogen activator, he received a total of 4 mg of haloperidol for combativeness. He developed partial complex status epilepticus, requiring benzodiazepines, phenytoin, propofol and intubation. 5 h later, he developed recurrent stereotyped tonic movements involving arching of the back, extension of the arms and contraction of opposing muscle groups. Repeat CT scan of the head showed evolving insular infarct. Differential diagnoses for these movements included tonic/clonic seizures, extensor (decerebrate) posturing from haemorrhagic conversion, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, or dystonic reaction. Given the lack of response to antiseizure medications, the recent administration of haloperidol, and the prompt resolution of movements following diphenhydramine administration, an acute dystonic reaction was considered. This atypical case of a critically ill patient with stroke highlights the fact that these patients may have multiple abnormal movements requiring careful analysis to guide diagnosis-specific management.
authors.affiliation: Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Geneviève
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Digby
authors.affiliation: Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Shirin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jalini
authors.affiliation: Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004155:Diphenhydramine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000188:drug therapy*; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D010672:Phenytoin; D004155:Diphenhydramine; D006220:Haloperidol