title: Progressive frontal morphology changes during the first year of a modified Pi procedure for scaphocephaly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to quantify the changes in frontal morphology in patients with scaphocephaly treated with a modified Pi procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive scaphocephalic patients (n = 13) who underwent surgery before 12 months of age that had more than 1 year of follow-up and standard preoperative, 3-month, and 1-year photographs were included. Anthropometric measurements were used to document the craniofacial index. Computerized photogrammetric analyses of five craniofacial angles (bossing angle, nasofrontal angle, angle of facial convexity, and angle of total facial convexity) were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparisons of the preoperative and postoperative direct anthropometric measurements of the cephalic index showed a significant (all p < 0.05) increase in the postoperative period, with no significant differences in early versus late postoperative period comparisons. Comparisons of the preoperative and postoperative computerized photogrammetric measurements of the craniofacial angles showed a significant (all p < 0.05) reduction (bossing angle, angle of facial convexity, and angle of total facial convexity) and increase (nasofrontal angle) in the early and late postoperative periods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frontal morphology significantly changed over the first year of the modified Pi procedure.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plastic and Craniofacial Surgery, SOBRAPAR Hospital, Av. Adolpho Lutz, 100, Caixa Postal: 6028, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-880, Brazil. cassioraposo@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Cassio Eduardo
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Raposo-Amaral
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plastic and Craniofacial Surgery, SOBRAPAR Hospital, Av. Adolpho Lutz, 100, Caixa Postal: 6028, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-880, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Denadai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plastic and Craniofacial Surgery, SOBRAPAR Hospital, Av. Adolpho Lutz, 100, Caixa Postal: 6028, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-880, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Paulo Issamu
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Takata
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plastic and Craniofacial Surgery, SOBRAPAR Hospital, Av. Adolpho Lutz, 100, Caixa Postal: 6028, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-880, Brazil.|Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ghizoni
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plastic and Craniofacial Surgery, SOBRAPAR Hospital, Av. Adolpho Lutz, 100, Caixa Postal: 6028, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-880, Brazil.
authors.forename: Celso Luiz
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Buzzo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plastic and Craniofacial Surgery, SOBRAPAR Hospital, Av. Adolpho Lutz, 100, Caixa Postal: 6028, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-880, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cesar Augusto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Raposo-Amaral
mesh_terms: D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000601:surgery*; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000379:methods*; D005147:Facial Bones; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005624:Frontal Bone; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D010780:Photogrammetry; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Frontal morphology; Pi procedure; Sagittal synostosis; Scaphocephaly