title: Metabolomic analysis can detect the composition of pasta enriched with fibre after cooking.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have demonstrated that metabolomics has a definite place in food quality, nutritional value, and safety issues. The aim of the present study was to determine and compare the metabolites in different pasta samples with fibre, and to investigate the modifications induced in these different kinds of pasta during cooking, using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Differences were seen for some of the amino acids, which were absent in control pasta, while were present both in the commercially available high-fibre pasta (samples A-C) and the enriched pasta (samples D-F). The highest content in reducing sugars was observed in enriched samples in comparison with high-fibre pasta. The presence of stigmasterol in samples enriched with wheat bran was relevant. Cooking decreased all of the metabolites: the high-fibre pasta (A-C) and Control showed losses of amino acids and tocopherols, while for sugars and organic acids, the decrease depended on the pasta sample. The enriched pasta samples (D-F) showed the same decreases with the exception of phytosterols, and in pasta with barley the decrease of saturated fatty acids was not significant as for tocopherols in pasta with oat. Principal component analysis of the metabolites and the pasta discrimination was effective in differentiating the enriched pasta from the commercial pasta, both uncooked and cooked.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study has established that such metabolomic analyses provide useful tools in the evaluation of the changes in nutritional compounds in high-fibre and enriched pasta, both before and after cooking. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CRA) - Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura (CER), S.S. 673 km 25+200, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Romina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beleggia
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CRA) - Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura (CER), S.S. 673 km 25+200, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Menga
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CRA) - Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura (CER), S.S. 673 km 25+200, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristiano
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Platani
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CRA) - Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura (CER), S.S. 673 km 25+200, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Franca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nigro
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CRA) - Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura (CER), S.S. 673 km 25+200, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Mariagiovanna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fragasso
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CRA) - Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura (CER), S.S. 673 km 25+200, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fares
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D018554:Avena / Q000737:chemistry*; D003296:Cooking; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics; D005511:Food Handling; D005513:Food Inspection / Q000379:methods; D005527:Food, Fortified / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics; D057141:Food, Preserved / Q000032:analysis / Q000191:economics; D001467:Hordeum / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007444:Inulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000191:economics; D007558:Italy; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D009753:Nutritive Value; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012995:Solubility; D013265:Stigmasterol / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*; D000067348:Whole Grains / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000191:economics
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D007444:Inulin; D013265:Stigmasterol; D024505:Tocopherols
keywords: GC-MS; cereal fibre; cooking process; health-promoting compounds; metabolite profiling; pasta fibre