title: Effect of Different Psychoactive Substances on Serum Biochemical Parameters.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psychoactive substances affect mainly central nervous system and brain function causing changes in behavior.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different psychoactive substances on serum biochemical parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 324 drug dependents, and 69 controls. The patient group was determined according to DSM-IV (The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition) criteria. All patients and control subjects were tested for routine biochemical parameters and urine toxicology parameters for psychoactive substance use. Cases and controls with accompanying diseases like diabetes, cancer, metabolic disorders etc. are excluded from the study. Moreover, an association between urine toxicology results and changes in biochemical parameters was evaluated for statistical significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant difference in the Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT), uric acid, creatinine, urea, albumin, Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) medians between the dependent and control groups (P < 0.05). We found a statistically significant difference in sodium and albumin levels between the opium-dependent and control groups (P < 0.05). In the benzodiazepin dependent group, we found a significant difference in GGT, urea, glucose, sodium, T protein, and AST levels (P < 0.05). Moreover, a statistically significant difference was observed in triglyceride and GGT levels between the ethyl glucuronide and control groups (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In psychoactive substance dependents, serum routine biochemistry parameters can be used to predict the need for intensive monitoring and treatment programs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Dilek Beker
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Sanli
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Erenkoy Mental Health and Neurology Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Rabia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bilici
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Erenkoy Mental Health and Neurology Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozgur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Suner
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Erenkoy Mental Health and Neurology Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serhat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Citak
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Eskisehir State Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kazim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kartkaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fezan Sahin
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Mutlu
keywords: Biochemistry; Psychoactive Drugs; Substance Addiction