title: The effect of 3 different exercise approaches on neck muscle endurance, kinesiophobia, exercise compliance, and patient satisfaction in chronic whiplash.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 3 different exercise approaches on neck muscle endurance (NME), kinesiophobia, exercise compliance, and patient satisfaction in patients with chronic whiplash.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective randomized clinical trial included 216 individuals with chronic whiplash. Participants were randomized to 1 of 3 exercise interventions: neck-specific exercise (NSE), NSE combined with a behavioral approach (NSEB), or prescribed physical activity (PPA). Measures of ventral and dorsal NME (endurance time in seconds), perceived pain after NME testing, kinesiophobia, exercise compliance, and patient satisfaction were recorded at baseline and at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with individuals in the prescribed physical activity group, participants in the NSE and NSEB groups exhibited greater gains in dorsal NME (P = .003), greater reductions in pain after NME testing (P = .03), and more satisfaction with treatment (P < .001). Kinesiophobia and exercise compliance did not significantly differ between groups (P > .07).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among patients with chronic whiplash, a neck-specific exercise intervention (with or without a behavioral approach) appears to improve NME. Participants were more satisfied with intervention including neck-specific exercises than with the prescription of general exercise.
authors.affiliation: PhD Student, Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, Eskilstuna, Sweden; PhD Student, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. Electronic address: gunnel.peterson@liu.se.
authors.forename: Gunnel E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.affiliation: PhD Student, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Registered Physical Therapist, Rehab Väst, County Council of Östergötland, Östergötland, Sweden.
authors.forename: Maria H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Landén Ludvigsson
authors.affiliation: Principal Research Fellow, NHMRC CCRE (Spinal Pain, Injury and Health), the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Principal Research Fellow, Physiotherapy Department, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Shaun P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet; Associate Professor, Department of Physical Therapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Åsa M
authors.initials: ÅM
authors.lastname: Dedering
authors.affiliation: Deputy Director, Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, Eskilstuna, Sweden; Adjunct Senior Lecturer, Public Health & Caring Sciences, Family Medicine & Preventive Medicine Section, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Thorne
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wallman
authors.affiliation: Registered Physical Therapist, Prima Rehab, Herrgärdet Health Care Center, County Council of Västmanland, Västmanland, Sweden.
authors.forename: Margaretha I N
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Jönsson
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Associate Professor, NHMRC CCRE (Spinal Pain, Injury and Health), the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Anneli L C
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Peolsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D018953:Kinesiology, Applied / Q000379:methods*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics
keywords: Exercise Therapy; Neck Pain; Rehabilitation; Whiplash Injuries