title: Weekly Treatment of 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin Improves Intracellular Cholesterol Levels in LDL Receptor Knockout Mice.
abstract: Recently, the importance of lysosomes in the context of the metabolic syndrome has received increased attention. Increased lysosomal cholesterol storage and cholesterol crystallization inside macrophages have been linked to several metabolic diseases, such as atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Two-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-B-CD) is able to redirect lysosomal cholesterol to the cytoplasm in Niemann-Pick type C1 disease, a lysosomal storage disorder. We hypothesize that HP-B-CD ameliorates liver cholesterol and intracellular cholesterol levels inside Kupffer cells (KCs). Hyperlipidemic low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (Ldlr(-/-)) mice were given weekly, subcutaneous injections with HP-B-CD or control PBS. In contrast to control injections, hyperlipidemic mice treated with HP-B-CD demonstrated a shift in intracellular cholesterol distribution towards cytoplasmic cholesteryl ester (CE) storage and a decrease in cholesterol crystallization inside KCs. Compared to untreated hyperlipidemic mice, the foamy KC appearance and liver cholesterol remained similar upon HP-B-CD administration, while hepatic campesterol and 7α-hydroxycholesterol levels were back increased. Thus, HP-B-CD could be a useful tool to improve intracellular cholesterol levels in the context of the metabolic syndrome, possibly through modulation of phyto- and oxysterols, and should be tested in the future. Additionally, these data underline the existence of a shared etiology between lysosomal storage diseases and NAFLD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229ER, The Netherlands. s.walenbergh@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: Sofie M A
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Walenbergh
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229ER, The Netherlands. tom.houben@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Houben
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229ER, The Netherlands. t.hendrikx@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hendrikx
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229ER, The Netherlands. m.jeurissen@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: Mike L J
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Jeurissen
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229ER, The Netherlands. p.vangorp@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: van Gorp
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229ER, The Netherlands. n.vaes@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vaes
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229ER, The Netherlands. steven.oldedamink@maastrichtuniversity.nl.|Department of HPB and Liver Transplantation Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK. steven.oldedamink@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: Steven W M
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Olde Damink
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Electron Microscopy, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229ER, The Netherlands. f.verheyen@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: Fons
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Verheyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht 6202AZ, The Netherlands. gh.koek@mumc.nl.
authors.forename: Ger H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Koek
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn D-53105, Germany. dieter.luetjohann@ukb.uni-bonn.de.
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lütjohann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn D-53127, Germany. alena.grebe@uni-bonn.de.
authors.forename: Alena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grebe
authors.affiliation: Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn D-53127, Germany. eicke.latz@umassmed.edu.|German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn D-53127, Germany. eicke.latz@umassmed.edu.|Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. eicke.latz@umassmed.edu.
authors.forename: Eicke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Latz
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229ER, The Netherlands. r.sverdlov@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: Ronit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shiri-Sverdlov
mesh_terms: D000073738:2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; D000818:Animals; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007728:Kupffer Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D011973:Receptors, LDL; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; D000073738:2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: NAFLD; cyclodextrin; electron microscopy; lysosomes; metabolic syndrome