title: Acute Alcohol Intoxication Aggravates Brain Injury Caused by Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Alcohol intoxication is associated with worse intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) outcome, indicating the important role of alcohol in ICH pathogenesis. We intended to investigate the effects of ethanol pretreatment on the severity of ICH-induced brain injury in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  At 1 hour after intraperitoneal injection of ethanol (3 g/kg), 0.2 U bacterial collagenase was infused into the striatum of male Sprague-Dawley rats to induce ICH. Accumulative mortality rate, body weight changes, and motorsensory and neurological abnormalities were evaluated. The hemorrhagic volume, hematoma expansion, and water content were measured by Drabkin's method, morphometric assay, and dry/wet method, respectively. Blood-brain barrier disruption was assessed using Evans blue assay. Oxidative stress was evaluated by the enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidase, oxidation of hydroethidine, and the production of malondialdehyde. Cerebral blood flow perfusion volume and hypo-/hyperperfusion neuroimaging were examined by magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ethanol pretreatment aggravates the hematoma hemolysis, hemorrhagic volume, hematoma expansion, brain edema, blood-brain barrier disruption, microglial activation, elevated oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation in the hemorrhagic striatum. The summation effect of these consequences is the major cause of marked neurological impairment and higher mortality rate (64%) in ethanol-pretreated rats with ICH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is a novel model to evaluate the effects of high-dose alcohol administration on experimental ICH rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study may provide clues for making novel strategies in the management of patients with ICH who overconsume alcoholic drinks before the attack.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hock-Kean
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Liew
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hung-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Li-Chuan
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuo-Wei
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiao-Fen
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hui-I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Technology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Peter Bor-Chian
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Master Program and PhD Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jon-Son
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan. Electronic address: cypang@mail.tcu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Cheng-Yoong
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Pang
mesh_terms: D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D006406:Hematoma / Q000209:etiology; D007249:Inflammation; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D055420:Perfusion Imaging; D011292:Premedication; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D045442:Rotarod Performance Test
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Alcohol intoxication; blood–brain barrier disruption; brain edema; hematoma hemolysis; neuroinflammation