title: Mobile kidney pain provocation ultrasonography before surgery for symptomatic mobile kidney: A prospective study of 43 consecutive patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate whether mobile kidney pain provocation ultrasonography together with intravenous pyelography in supine and standing positions and a full medical history can confirm the diagnosis of the clinical condition of symptomatic mobile kidney and aid the selection of patients for surgical treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a consecutive study, 43 patients with the clinical picture of symptomatic mobile kidney, a positive mobile kidney pain provocation ultrasonography and a renal descent of at least 2 lumbar vertebral heights on intravenous pyelography in the standing position, were operated on with nephropexy. Patients' pain relief after nephropexy was evaluated by clinical follow-up, a questionnaire and visual analogue scale (VAS) scoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reduction of pain after nephropexy was associated with a significant decrease in VAS scoring from a median of 8 (range 4-10) preoperatively to a median of 0 (range 0-7) postoperatively (p < 0.001). Thirty-four patients (79%) were cured of their pain and seven patients (16%) experienced substantial relief from their pain symptoms. In two patients (5%) the symptoms were unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that mobile kidney pain provocation ultrasonography and intravenous pyelography in supine and standing positions can verify the diagnosis of symptomatic mobile kidney and aid the selection of patients who will benefit from nephropexy.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences/Surgery , Umeå University Hospital , Umeå , Sweden.
authors.forename: Conny
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arnerlöv
authors.affiliation: a Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences/Surgery , Umeå University Hospital , Umeå , Sweden.
authors.forename: Minette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Söderström
authors.affiliation: b Department of Diagnostic Radiology , Umeå University Hospital , Umeå , Sweden.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Öhberg
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D018579:Patient Selection; D011187:Posture; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D016683:Supine Position; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014567:Urography; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Mobile kidney; nephroptosis; pain; surgery; ultrasonography