title: Effects of Lead on Ultrastructure of Isoetes sinensis Palmer (Isoetaceae), a Critically Endangered Species in China.
abstract: Isoetes sinensis Palmer (Isoetaceae) is a critically endangered fern that is a marsh plant (that is an aquatic or amphibious plant) in China. To evaluate damage or influence of lead (Pb) on cell ultrastructure in I. sinensis, we used 2000mg·L-1 Pb(NO3)2 solution to treat I. sinensis for 35d, and used transmission electron microscope (TEM) to observe the cell ultrastructure of leaf blades and roots of the plant. Our results indicated that Pb induced distinct changes of the organelles including chloroplast, mitochondria, nucleolus and vacuole. The level of damage organ was lower leaf > upper leaf > root The typical performance of the damages caused by lead shown that part of the nucleolus cracked; the cristae dilated, matrix vacuolized and membrane structure blurred in mitochondria; the vacuole cracked; grana lamella decreased, stroma lamella loosed, starch grains decreased, and membrane structure was disrupted in chloroplasts; Pb deposits were present on cell wall. The damages to chloroplasts and mitochondria were relatively severe, while damage to the nucleus was relatively lighter. The damage to the cell ultrastructure of leaf blades with direct contact with Pb was more severe than that without direct contact with Pb.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Biology in Colleges of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150025, P. R. China; College of Life Science & Technology of Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Guohua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science & Technology of Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Chunye
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science & Technology of Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Biology in Colleges of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150025, P. R. China; College of Life Science & Technology of Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Chunyu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Modern Experimental Center of Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Dawei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Biology in Colleges of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150025, P. R. China; College of Life Science & Technology of Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Baodong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D056727:Endangered Species; D029624:Ferns / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007854:Lead / Q000009:adverse effects*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D007854:Lead