title: Squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus: A population-based analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for > 90% of head and neck cancers and 60% to 75% of malignancies of the paranasal sinuses. The most commonly affected paranasal sinus is the maxillary. Epidemiologic, incidence, and survival trends have been studied for maxillary sinus SCC (MSSCC), but far less is known about its metastatic potential.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective database analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to extract frequency, incidence, and survival data for MSSCC between 2004 and 2012. The resultant cases were stratified according to patient demographics and collaborative stage information, including extent of disease, lymph node involvement, TNM staging, and regional and distant metastasis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 854 cases of MSSCC were identified. The mean age at diagnosis was 66.6 years, with 87.4% presenting at > 50 years. Most patients (65.1%) were male. Whites accounted for 74.6% of cases. A majority (64.3%) of cases presented with stage IV disease. Overall 5-year disease-specific survival was 23.4%. Neck involvement was seen in 7.6% of T1 tumors, 22.2% of T2 tumors, 18.5% of T3 tumors, and 12.2% of T4 tumors. Distant metastasis was not seen in T1-T3 tumors, but was present in 6.8% of T4 tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MSSCC is a rare entity with poor overall prognosis. The majority of patients included in this study were white males aged ≥50 years, with most tumors presenting at advanced stages. Nodal involvement and distant metastasis are poor prognostic indicators. T1-T3 tumors did not metastasize to distant sites.
  
  
  METHODS
  4.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark.
authors.forename: Pariket M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Dubal
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhojwani
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark.
authors.forename: Tapan D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford.
authors.forename: Omry
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zuckerman
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark.|Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark.
authors.forename: Soly
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baredes
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark.|Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark.|Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark.
authors.forename: James K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark.|Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark.|Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark.|Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Jean Anderson
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Eloy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008444:Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018426:SEER Program; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: SEER; Squamous cell carcinoma; maxillary sinus; metastasis; paranasal sinus neoplasm; population-based; sinonasal malignancies