title: Activating therapy modalities in older individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although there are many special exercise-based therapy approaches for the working population suffering chronic low back pain, similar programmes for older individuals are rare.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To summarise all evaluated physical therapy approaches, and assess the effects on older people with chronic low back pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, PEDro, PsychINFO and Psyndex.
  Age≥65 years, subacute or chronic non-specific low back pain of ≥6weeks' duration, and a physical therapy approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study selection, data extraction, and assessment of methodological quality and clinical relevance were performed independently by two reviewers. As there were only a few controlled trials and wide heterogeneity in observation periods and outcome measures, pooling of data was not feasible. Therefore, the results are presented descriptively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, nine studies were included; six related to mixed physiotherapy modalities, one related to strength training, and two related to endurance training. Low-quality evidence suggests that physical therapy modalities are associated with a small-to-moderate reduction in pain and a small improvement in function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results must be interpreted with caution due to poor methodological quality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Few studies have been performed in this highly relevant and growing age group. It is not possible to recommend one particular modality or programme; as such, prescriptions should reflect patients' preferences and local conditions. Further research of higher methodological quality is needed urgently.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice/Family Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Germany. Electronic address: kuss@staff.uni-marburg.de.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuss
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice/Family Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Psychology, Philipps University Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Quint
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice/Family Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leonhardt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000534:rehabilitation*
keywords: Aged persons; Chronic low back pain; Exercise therapy