title: Impact of adolescent ethanol exposure and adult amphetamine self-administration on evoked striatal dopamine release in male rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adolescent binge drinking is common and associated with increased risk of substance use disorders. Transition from recreational to habitual ethanol consumption involves alterations in dorsal striatal function, but the long-term impact of adolescent ethanol exposure upon this region remains unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to characterise and describe relationships between adolescent ethanol exposure, amphetamine self-administration and adult dopamine dynamics in dorsal striatum, including response to amphetamine challenge, in male Wistar rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ethanol (2 g/kg) or water was administered intragastrically in an episodic binge-like regimen (three continuous days/week) between 4 and 9 weeks of age (i.e. post-natal days 28-59). In adulthood, animals were divided into two groups. In the first, dorsal striatal potassium-evoked dopamine release was examined via chronoamperometry, in the basal state and after a single amphetamine challenge (2 mg/kg, i.v.). In the second, amphetamine self-administration behaviour was studied (i.e. fixed and progressive ratio) before chronoamperometric analysis was conducted as described above.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adolescent ethanol exposure suppressed locally evoked dopamine response after amphetamine challenge in adulthood, whereas in the basal state, no differences in dopamine dynamics were detected. Ethanol-exposed animals showed no differences in adult amphetamine self-administration behaviour but an abolished effect on dopamine removal in response to a single amphetamine challenge after self-administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amphetamine challenges in adult rats revealed differences in in vivo dopamine function after adolescent ethanol exposure. The attenuated drug response in ethanol-exposed animals may affect habit formation and contribute to increased risk for substance use disorders as a consequence of adolescent ethanol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Neuropharmacology, Addiction and Behaviour, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. linnea.granholm@farmbio.uu.se.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Granholm
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Neuropharmacology, Addiction and Behaviour, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rowley
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Neuropharmacology, Addiction and Behaviour, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ellgren
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Neuropharmacology, Addiction and Behaviour, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Segerström
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Neuropharmacology, Addiction and Behaviour, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nylander
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012646:Self Administration
chemical_list: D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D000431:Ethanol; D000661:Amphetamine; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: Alcohol; Chronoamperometry; Operant self-administration; Rodents