title: Health-promoting value and food applications of black cumin essential oil: an overview.
abstract: Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds and its essential oil have been widely used in functional foods, nutraceuticals and pharmaceutical products. Analysis of Nigella sativa essential oil using GC and GC-MS resulted in the identification of many bioactive compounds representing ca. 85 % of the total content. The main compounds included p-cymene, thymoquinone, α-thujene, longifolene, β-pinene, α-pinene and carvacrol. Nigella sativa essential oil exhibited different biological activities including antifungal, antibacterial and antioxidant potentials. Nigella sativa essential oil showed complete inhibition zones against different Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria including Penicillium citrinum Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The essential oil showed stronger antioxidant potential in comparison with synthetic antioxidants (i.e., BHA and BHT) in a rapeseed oil model system. The oil exhibited also stronger radical scavenging activity against DPPH·radical in comparison with synthetic antioxidants. The diversity of applications to which Nigella sativa essential oil can be put gives this oil industrial importance.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt ; Institute of Scientific Research and Heritage of Islamic Culture, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ; Agricultural Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed F R
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Hassanien
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
authors.forename: Adel M A
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Assiri
authors.affiliation: Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Alzohairy
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, Laval University, Quebec, QC Canada ; Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hesham Farouk
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Oraby
keywords: Functional properties; Longifolene; Nigella sativa; Novel food thymoquinone