title: The distribution of cotransformed transgenes in particle bombardment-mediated transformed wheat.
abstract: Although particle bombardment is the predominant method of foreign DNA direct transfer, whether transgene is integrated randomly into the genome has not been determined. In this study, we identified the distribution of transgene loci in 45 transgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines containing co-transformed high molecular weight glutenin subunit genes and the selectable marker bar using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Transgene loci were shown to distribute unevenly throughout the genome and incorporate into different locations along individual chromosomes. There was only a slight tendency towards the localization of transgenes in distal chromosome regions. High proportions of transgenes in separate plasmids integrated at the same site and only 7 lines had 2 or 3 loci. Such loci may not segregate frequently in subsequent generations so it is difficult to remove selectable markers from transgenic lines after regeneration. We also found that three transgene lines were associated with rearranged chromosomes, suggesting a the close relationship between particle bombardment-mediated transgene integration and chromosomal rearrangements.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China. hanyonghua@jsnu.edu.cn.|State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. hanyonghua@jsnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yonghua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS Crop Improvement and Genetics, Albany, CA, 94710, USA.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blechl
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. dwwang@genetics.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Daowen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D032461:Chromosomes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D018628:Gene Dosage; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D014170:Transformation, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D019076:Transgenes / Q000235:genetics*; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant
keywords: FISH; Particle bombardment-mediated co-transformation; Transgene distribution; Transgenic wheat