title: Structure and mechanism of the mammalian fructose transporter GLUT5.
abstract: The altered activity of the fructose transporter GLUT5, an isoform of the facilitated-diffusion glucose transporter family, has been linked to disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. GLUT5 is also overexpressed in certain tumour cells, and inhibitors are potential drugs for these conditions. Here we describe the crystal structures of GLUT5 from Rattus norvegicus and Bos taurus in open outward- and open inward-facing conformations, respectively. GLUT5 has a major facilitator superfamily fold like other homologous monosaccharide transporters. On the basis of a comparison of the inward-facing structures of GLUT5 and human GLUT1, a ubiquitous glucose transporter, we show that a single point mutation is enough to switch the substrate-binding preference of GLUT5 from fructose to glucose. A comparison of the substrate-free structures of GLUT5 with occluded substrate-bound structures of Escherichia coli XylE suggests that, in addition to global rocker-switch-like re-orientation of the bundles, local asymmetric rearrangements of carboxy-terminal transmembrane bundle helices TM7 and TM10 underlie a 'gated-pore' transport mechanism in such monosaccharide transporters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.|Japan Science and Technology Agency, ERATO, Iwata Human Receptor Crystallography Project, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.|Japan Science and Technology Agency, Research Acceleration Program, Membrane Protein Crystallography Project, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Norimichi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K.|Membrane Protein Laboratory, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Chilton, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, U.K.|Research Complex at Harwell Rutherford, Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, U.K.
authors.forename: Grégory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Verdon
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K.|Membrane Protein Laboratory, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Chilton, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, U.K.|Research Complex at Harwell Rutherford, Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, U.K.
authors.forename: Hae Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.|Japan Science and Technology Agency, ERATO, Iwata Human Receptor Crystallography Project, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.|Japan Science and Technology Agency, Research Acceleration Program, Membrane Protein Crystallography Project, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.|Japan Science and Technology Agency, ERATO, Iwata Human Receptor Crystallography Project, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.|Japan Science and Technology Agency, Research Acceleration Program, Membrane Protein Crystallography Project, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Yayoi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K.
authors.forename: Yo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sonoda
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Saba Abdul
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hussien
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Aziz Abdul
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coincon
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.|Japan Science and Technology Agency, Research Acceleration Program, Membrane Protein Crystallography Project, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Yumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.|Japan Science and Technology Agency, Research Acceleration Program, Membrane Protein Crystallography Project, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakada-Nakura
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.|Japan Science and Technology Agency, ERATO, Iwata Human Receptor Crystallography Project, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hino
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.|Japan Science and Technology Agency, ERATO, Iwata Human Receptor Crystallography Project, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Takatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arakawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kusano-Arai
authors.affiliation: Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwanari
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.|Japan Science and Technology Agency, ERATO, Iwata Human Receptor Crystallography Project, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.|Japan Science and Technology Agency, Research Acceleration Program, Membrane Protein Crystallography Project, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.|Systems and Structural Biology Center, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.|Japan Science and Technology Agency, ERATO, Iwata Human Receptor Crystallography Project, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.|Japan Science and Technology Agency, Research Acceleration Program, Membrane Protein Crystallography Project, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan.
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamakubo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0395, Japan.
authors.forename: Michihiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kasahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.|Japan Science and Technology Agency, ERATO, Iwata Human Receptor Crystallography Project, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.|Japan Science and Technology Agency, Research Acceleration Program, Membrane Protein Crystallography Project, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.|Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K.|Membrane Protein Laboratory, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Chilton, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, U.K.|Research Complex at Harwell Rutherford, Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, U.K.|Systems and Structural Biology Center, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: So
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K.|Centre for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Drew
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D001692:Biological Transport; D002417:Cattle; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000737:chemistry; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005632:Fructose / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D051296:Glucose Transporter Type 5 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D017354:Point Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D011487:Protein Conformation; D051381:Rats; D012492:Salts / Q000737:chemistry; D055672:Static Electricity; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013379:Substrate Specificity / Q000235:genetics; D027981:Symporters / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D051296:Glucose Transporter Type 5; C495677:SLC2A1 protein, human; D012492:Salts; C495727:Slc2a5 protein, rat; D027981:Symporters; C033903:xylE protein, E coli; D005632:Fructose; D005947:Glucose