title: Development of lysozyme-combined antibacterial system to reduce sulfur dioxide and to stabilize Italian Riesling ice wine during aging process.
abstract: For the purpose of SO2 reduction and stabilizing ice wine, a new antibacterial technique was developed and verified in order to reduce the content of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and simultaneously maintain protein stability during ice wine aging process. Hazardous bacterial strain (lactic acid bacteria, LAB) and protein stability of Italian Riesling ice wine were evaluated in terms of different amounts of lysozyme, SO2, polyphenols, and wine pH by single-factor experiments. Subsequently, a quadratic rotation-orthogonal composite design with four variables was conducted to establish the multiple linear regression model that demonstrated the influence of different treatments on synthesis score between LAB inhibition and protein stability of ice wine. The results showed that, synthesis score can be influenced by lysozyme and SO2 concentrations on an extremely significant level (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the lysozyme-combined antibacterial system, which is specially designed for ice wine aging, was optimized step by step by response surface methodology and ridge analysis. As a result, the optimal proportion should be control in ice wine as follows: 179.31 mg L(-1) lysozyme, 177.14 mg L(-1) SO2, 0.60 g L(-1) polyphenols, and 4.01 ice wine pH. Based on this system, the normalized synthesis score between LAB inhibition and protein stability can reach the highest point 0.920. Finally, by the experiments of verification and comparison, it was indicated that lysozyme-combined antibacterial system, which was a practical and prospective method to reduce SO2 concentration and effectively prevent contamination from hazardous LAB, can be used to stabilize ice wine during aging process.
authors.affiliation: Gansu Key Laboratory of Viticulture & Enology (Lanzhou), College of Food Science & Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou City, 730070, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Gansu Key Laboratory of Viticulture & Enology (Lanzhou), College of Food Science & Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou City, 730070, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Shun-Yu
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Gansu Key Laboratory of Viticulture & Enology (Lanzhou), College of Food Science & Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou City, 730070, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Gansu Key Laboratory of Viticulture & Enology (Lanzhou), College of Food Science & Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou City, 730070, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Gansu Key Laboratory of Viticulture & Enology (Lanzhou), College of Food Science & Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou City, 730070, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Wen-Jun
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Sheng
keywords: Ice wine; LAB inhibition; lysozyme; protein stability; quadratic rotation-orthogonal composite design; response surface methodology; ridge analysisridge analysis