title: Optimal design method to minimize users' thinking mapping load in human-machine interactions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The discrepancy between human cognition and machine requirements/behaviors usually results in serious mental thinking mapping loads or even disasters in product operating. It is important to help people avoid human-machine interaction confusions and difficulties in today's mental work mastered society.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Improving the usability of a product and minimizing user's thinking mapping and interpreting load in human-machine interactions.
  
  
  METHODS
  An optimal human-machine interface design method is introduced, which is based on the purpose of minimizing the mental load in thinking mapping process between users' intentions and affordance of product interface states. By analyzing the users' thinking mapping problem, an operating action model is constructed. According to human natural instincts and acquired knowledge, an expected ideal design with minimized thinking loads is uniquely determined at first. Then, creative alternatives, in terms of the way human obtains operational information, are provided as digital interface states datasets. In the last, using the cluster analysis method, an optimum solution is picked out from alternatives, by calculating the distances between two datasets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Considering multiple factors to minimize users' thinking mapping loads, a solution nearest to the ideal value is found in the human-car interaction design case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clustering results show its effectiveness in finding an optimum solution to the mental load minimizing problems in human-machine interaction design.
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Equipment Design and Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Yanqun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Sino-German Vocational Technical College, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D001334:Automobile Driving; D001336:Automobiles; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008328:Man-Machine Systems; D055641:Mathematical Concepts; D013850:Thinking; D016526:Workload
keywords: Usability; interface design; mental load; user model