title: Fear of hypoglycemia and its determinants in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of fear of hypoglycemia, in association with severe hypoglycemia and social factors, in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A questionnaire survey on hypoglycemia and patient-physician communication was carried out in 355 patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at 16 hospitals and clinics. A fear of hypoglycemia was reported by 27.7% of patients. A stepwise logistic regression analysis found that severe hypoglycemia during the past 1 year was a significant determinant of fear of hypoglycemia (odds ratio 2.16, 95% confidence interval 1.06-4.41; P = 0.034), and age (odds ratio 1.02, 95% confidence interval 1.00-1.05, P = 0.038) and living alone (odds ratio 1.93, 95% confidence interval 1.00-3.73, P < 0.05) were significantly higher in patients with fear of hypoglycemia than in those without it.
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakane
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute Kyoto, Japan ; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juichi Medical University Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kotani
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kokoro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuzaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute Kyoto, Japan ; Okada Clinic Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute Kyoto, Japan ; Hyogo Health Service Association Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Development for Community-oriented Healthcare System, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.affiliation: Souen Diabetes Clinic Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanagisawa
authors.affiliation: Kenichi Yamada Internal Medicine Clinic Miyagi, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Misakinaika Clinic Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuichi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kuribayashi
authors.affiliation: Chofu Tozan Hospital Chofu, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Totsuka
authors.affiliation: Japanese Red Cross Medical Center Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hiyoshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Asama General Hospital Nagano, Japan.
authors.forename: Motoji
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naka
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Adventist Hospital Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatake
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Matsumoto Medical Center Nagano, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: Shizuoka City Shizuoka Hospital Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waki
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Tenri Hospital Nara, Japan.
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Furuya
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seikeikai Hospital Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitaoka
authors.affiliation: Oishi Clinic Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Ikki
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Saiseikai Matsuyama Hospital Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyaoka
authors.affiliation: Okada Clinic Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: Kariyushikai Heartlife Hospital Okinawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
keywords: Fear; Hypoglycemia; Insulin; Type 2 diabetes