title: Esculin exhibited anti-inflammatory activities in vivo and regulated TNF-α and IL-6 production in LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro through MAPK pathway.
abstract: Esculin, a coumarinic derivative found in Aesculus hippocastanum L. (Horse-chestnut), has been reported to have potent anti-inflammatory properties. The present study is designed to investigate the protective effects of esculin on various inflammation models in vivo and in vitro and to clarify the possible mechanism. Induced-animal models of inflammation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged mouse peritoneal macrophages were used to examine the anti-inflammatory activity of esculin. In present study, xylene-induced mouse ear edema, carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, and carrageenan-induced mouse pleurisy were attenuated by esculin. In vitro, the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in supernatant were reduced by esculin. Meanwhile, we found that esculin significantly inhibited LPS-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that esculin has potent anti-inflammatory activities in vivo and in vitro, which may involve the inhibition of the MAPK pathway. Esculin may be a promising preventive agent for inflammatory diseases in human.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China. Electronic address: niuxf@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China. Electronic address: liwf@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Weifeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
authors.forename: Hailin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiumei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
authors.forename: Qingli
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
authors.forename: Zehong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002351:Carrageenan; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004929:Esculin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects*; D010998:Pleurisy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014992:Xylenes
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014992:Xylenes; C577686:interleukin-6, mouse; D004929:Esculin; D002351:Carrageenan; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: Esculin; Inflammation; Inflammatory cytokines; Mitogen-activated protein kinases; Peritoneal macrophages