title: Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy-Related Microbleeds Correlate with Glucose Metabolism and Brain Volume in Alzheimer's Disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Microbleeds (MBs) are frequently observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the relevance to AD pathophysiology has not been elucidated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated correlation of MBs, especially cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)-related MBs with cognitive function, gray matter volume, and glucose metabolism in AD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed magnetic resonance imaging including T2*-weighted imaging sequence for 206 patients with AD. Among them, 158 AD patients with no focal brain lesions except for MBs were investigated with cognitive tests, voxel-based morphometry, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in a cross-sectional observational study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 158 patients with no hemorrhagic and/or ischemic stroke lesions except for MBs, 27 patients had MBs, in which 17 patients showed CAA-related MBs that located only in cortex/subcortex (CAA-related MBs), and 10 patients showed CAA-unrelated MBs that located in deep regions regardless of the presence of MBs in cortical/subcortical regions. There were slightly but significant differences in cognitive functions between the patients without MBs, those with CAA-related MBs, and those with CAA-unrelated MBs. MBs were recognized frequently in the occipital lobe in the patients with CAA-related MBs. The patients with CAA-related MBs showed gray matter atrophy in the temporal lobe and cerebellum, and glucose hypometabolism in the temporal lobe compared with those without MBs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that MBs, particularly CAA-related MBs would cause gray matter atrophy and glucose hypometabolism in AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Miharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samuraki
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Department, the Medical and Pharmacological Research Center Foundation, Hakui, Ishikawa, Japan.|Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Iruma, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Matsunari
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.|Dementia Medical Center, Department of Neurology, and Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Hokuriku Hospital, Nanto, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshita
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shima
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Moeko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noguchi-Shinohara
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenjiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016657:Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009929:Organ Size; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005947:Glucose
keywords: 18F-FDG PET; Alzheimer’s disease; brain microbleeds; cerebral amyloid angiopathy; voxel-based morphometry