title: Energy-Efficient Transmissions for Remote Wireless Sensor Networks: An Integrated HAP/Satellite Architecture for Emergency Scenarios.
abstract: A typical application scenario of remote wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is identified as an emergency scenario. One of the greatest design challenges for communications in emergency scenarios is energy-efficient transmission, due to scarce electrical energy in large-scale natural and man-made disasters. Integrated high altitude platform (HAP)/satellite networks are expected to optimally meet emergency communication requirements. In this paper, a novel integrated HAP/satellite (IHS) architecture is proposed, and three segments of the architecture are investigated in detail. The concept of link-state advertisement (LSA) is designed in a slow flat Rician fading channel. The LSA is received and processed by the terminal to estimate the link state information, which can significantly reduce the energy consumption at the terminal end. Furthermore, the transmission power requirements of the HAPs and terminals are derived using the gradient descent and differential equation methods. The energy consumption is modeled at both the source and system level. An innovative and adaptive algorithm is given for the energy-efficient path selection. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive algorithm. It is shown that the proposed adaptive algorithm can significantly improve energy efficiency when combined with the LSA and the energy consumption estimation.
authors.affiliation: College of Communications Engineering, PLA University of Science and Technology, 88 Houbiaoying Rd., Nanjing 210007, China. feihong191@gmail.com.|Institute of China Electronic System Engineering Corporation, 13 Dacheng Rd., Beijing 100141, China. feihong191@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Feihong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: College of Communications Engineering, PLA University of Science and Technology, 88 Houbiaoying Rd., Nanjing 210007, China. xclhj1985@163.com.|Institute of China Electronic System Engineering Corporation, 13 Dacheng Rd., Beijing 100141, China. xclhj1985@163.com.
authors.forename: Hongjun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Communications Engineering, PLA University of Science and Technology, 88 Houbiaoying Rd., Nanjing 210007, China. yiheng689@126.com.|Institute of China Electronic System Engineering Corporation, 13 Dacheng Rd., Beijing 100141, China. yiheng689@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiangwu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Institute of China Electronic System Engineering Corporation, 13 Dacheng Rd., Beijing 100141, China. liuquan61s@163.com.
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of China Electronic System Engineering Corporation, 13 Dacheng Rd., Beijing 100141, China. wangjc_61@163.com.
authors.forename: Jingchao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: emergency communications; energy-efficient transmissions; integrated high altitude platform/satellite architecture; link-state advertisement; path selection; remote wireless sensor networks