title: Increased expression of NAMPT in PBMC from patients with acute coronary syndrome and in inflammatory M1 macrophages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study were to elucidate the role of NAMPT in atherosclerosis, by examine NAMPT expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and healthy controls and by examining the regulation and effect of NAMPT on macrophage polarization, hypothesizing that it could influence the polarization to inflammatory and resolving macrophages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed RNA levels of NAMPT in PBMC from CAD and healthy controls and found NAMPT to be increased in PBMC from patients with acute coronary syndrome (n = 39) compared to healthy controls (n = 20) and patients with stable CAD (n = 22). Within the PBMC NAMPT was correlated to several inflammatory cytokines and the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 2. In vitro cell experiments revealed that NAMPT is increased both intracellular and extracellular in inflammatory M1 macrophages compared to in anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. In addition, inhibiting NAMPT enzymatic activity inhibited M1 polarization in macrophages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on our in vivo and in vitro findings we suggest that NAMPT could contribute to systemic and plaque inflammation in atherosclerotic disorders at least partly through effect on macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Bente
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Halvorsen
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Martine Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Espeland
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Geir Øystein
authors.initials: GØ
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yndestad
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Ellen Lund
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Sagen
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Azita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rashidi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Eva C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Knudsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skjelland
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Karolina R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Skagen
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krohg-Sørensen
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Sverre
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holm
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Vibeke
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ritschel
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Kirsten B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Holven
authors.affiliation: Experimental Vascular Pathology Group, Department of Pathology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Erik A L
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Biessen
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Disease, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Pål
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aukrust
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: tuvad@rr-research.no.
authors.forename: Tuva B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Dahl
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology; D002460:Cell Line; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010641:Phenotype; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000378:metabolism; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D012313:RNA; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase; C085455:nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, human
keywords: Acute coronary syndrome; Atherosclerosis; Inflammation; Macrophage polarization; NAMPT