title: Optimal Pain Assessment in Pediatric Rehabilitation: Implementation of a Nursing Guideline.
abstract: In Ontario, Canada, the Registered Nurses' Association promotes a Best Practice Spotlight Organization initiative to enhance evidence-based practice. Qualifying organizations are required to implement strategies, evaluate outcomes, and sustain practices aligned with nursing clinical practice guidelines. This study reports on the development and evaluation of a multifaceted implementation strategy to support adoption of a nursing clinical practice guideline on the assessment and management of acute pain in a pediatric rehabilitation and complex continuing care hospital. Multiple approaches were employed to influence behavior, attitudes, and awareness around optimal pain practice (e.g., instructional resources, electronic reminders, audits, and feedback). Four measures were introduced to assess pain in communicating and noncommunicating children as part of a campaign to treat pain as the fifth vital sign. A prospective repeated measures design examined survey and audit data to assess practice aligned with the guideline. The Knowledge and Attitudes Survey (KNAS) was adapted to ensure relevance to the local practice setting and was assessed before and after nurses' participation in three education modules. Audit data included client demographics and pain scores assessed annually over a 3-year window. A final sample of 69 nurses (78% response rate) provided pre-/post-survey data. A total of 108 pediatric surgical clients (younger than 19 years) contributed audit data across the three collection cycles. Significant improvements in nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to optimal pain care for children with disabilities were noted following adoption of the pain clinical practice guideline. Targeted guideline implementation strategies are central to supporting optimal pain practice.
authors.affiliation: Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: skingsnorth@hollandbloorview.ca.
authors.forename: Shauna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kingsnorth
authors.affiliation: Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Joachimides
authors.affiliation: Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krog
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Kathryn Smith
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Higuchi
mesh_terms: D059787:Acute Pain / Q000451:nursing*; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004509:Education, Nursing, Continuing / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008485:Medical Audit; D024802:Nurse's Role; D059408:Pain Management / Q000451:nursing*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000451:nursing*; D010371:Pediatric Nursing / Q000193:education*; D011446:Prospective Studies