title: Scoliosis-related factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to identify the prevalence of scoliosis and scoliosis-related factors of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 411 patients who underwent coronal total spine and lower limb radiography were enrolled. Patients with a Cobb angle ≥10° were diagnosed with scoliosis. Statistical analysis was performed to compare between patients with and those without scoliosis, and between patients without scoliosis and those with a Cobb angle >20°.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of scoliosis in patients with RA was 30.7%. The mean Cobb angles were 8.5° ± 7.2° in all the patients, 16.1° ± 8.6° in patients with scoliosis, and 5.1° ± 2.3° in patients without scoliosis. According to a multivariate analysis, the scoliosis-related factors of RA were age and vertebral fracture. Significant differences in age, corticosteroid use, and malalignment of lower limbs were observed between patients with a Cobb angle >20° and those without scoliosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With RA treatment, the need for corticosteroid use is reduced and vertebral fracture is prevented. Moreover, the joints and spinal and lower limb alignments should be examined.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kamagaya General Hospital , Chiba , Japan .
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.affiliation: b Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University , Tokyo , Japan , and.
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.affiliation: b Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University , Tokyo , Japan , and.
authors.forename: Katsunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikari
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kamagaya General Hospital , Chiba , Japan .
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hiroshima
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kamagaya General Hospital , Chiba , Japan .
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takaoka
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kamagaya General Hospital , Chiba , Japan .
authors.forename: Kosei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kamagaya General Hospital , Chiba , Japan .
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koenuma
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kamagaya General Hospital , Chiba , Japan .
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.affiliation: c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Chibanishi General Hospital , Chiba , Japan.
authors.forename: Toshikatsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirahata
authors.affiliation: b Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University , Tokyo , Japan , and.
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Momohara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology
keywords: Age; Alignment of lower limbs; Corticosteroid; Rheumatoid arthritis; Scoliosis