title: Modeling mouse and human development using organoid cultures.
abstract: In vitro three-dimensional (3D) cultures are emerging as novel systems with which to study tissue development, organogenesis and stem cell behavior ex vivo. When grown in a 3D environment, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) self-organize into organoids and acquire the right tissue patterning to develop into several endoderm- and ectoderm-derived tissues, mimicking their in vivo counterparts. Tissue-resident adult stem cells (AdSCs) also form organoids when grown in 3D and can be propagated in vitro for long periods of time. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in the generation of pluripotent stem cell- and AdSC-derived organoids, highlighting their potential for enhancing our understanding of human development. We will also explore how this new culture system allows disease modeling and gene repair for a personalized regenerative medicine approach.
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK m.huch@gurdon.cam.ac.uk bkk25@cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Meritxell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huch
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK m.huch@gurdon.cam.ac.uk bkk25@cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Bon-Kyoung
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Koo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D009940:Organoids / Q000196:embryology*; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends
keywords: 3D-Organoid Culture; Adult Stem Cell; Disease Modeling; Embryonic Stem Cell; Genetic Engineering