title: A Dietary Supplement Containing Cinnamon, Chromium and Carnosine Decreases Fasting Plasma Glucose and Increases Lean Mass in Overweight or Obese Pre-Diabetic Subjects: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preventing or slowing the progression of prediabetes to diabetes is a major therapeutic issue.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to evaluate the effects of 4-month treatment with a dietary supplement containing cinnamon, chromium and carnosine in moderately obese or overweight pre-diabetic subjects, the primary outcome being change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level. Other parameters of plasma glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, adiposity and inflammatory markers were also assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 62 subjects with a FPG level ranging from 5.55 to 7 mmol/L and a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m(2), unwilling to change their dietary and physical activity habits, were allocated to receive a 4-month treatment with either 1.2 g/day of the dietary supplement or placebo. Patients were followed up until 6 months post-randomization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four-month treatment with the dietary supplement decreased FPG compared to placebo (-0.24 ± 0.50 vs +0.12 ± 0.59 mmol/L, respectively, p = 0.02), without detectable significant changes in HbA1c. Insulin sensitivity markers, plasma insulin, plasma lipids and inflammatory markers did not differ between the treatment groups. Although there were no significant differences in changes in body weight and energy or macronutrient intakes between the two groups, fat-free mass (%) increased with the dietary supplement compared to placebo (p = 0.02). Subjects with a higher FPG level and a milder inflammatory state at baseline benefited most from the dietary supplement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Four-month treatment with a dietary supplement containing cinnamon, chromium and carnosine decreased FPG and increased fat-free mass in overweight or obese pre-diabetic subjects. These beneficial effects might open up new avenues in the prevention of diabetes.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01530685.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, and Human Nutrition Research Center-Ile de France, 75013, Paris, France; INSERM, UMR S U1166, Nutriomics, 75013, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Yuejun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, and Human Nutrition Research Center-Ile de France, 75013, Paris, France; INSERM, UMR S U1166, Nutriomics, 75013, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cotillard
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, and Human Nutrition Research Center-Ile de France, 75013, Paris, France; INSERM, UMR S U1166, Nutriomics, 75013, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Camille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vatier
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, and Human Nutrition Research Center-Ile de France, 75013, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Biochemistry and Hormonology Department, Tenon Hospital, 75970, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bastard
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, and Human Nutrition Research Center-Ile de France, 75013, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Biochemistry and Hormonology Department, Tenon Hospital, 75970, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Soraya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fellahi
authors.affiliation: AdipoPhYt, 75013, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stévant
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, and Human Nutrition Research Center-Ile de France, 75013, Paris, France; INSERM, UMR S U1166, Nutriomics, 75013, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Omran
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Allatif
authors.affiliation: Groupe PiLeJe, 75015, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Clotilde
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Langlois
authors.affiliation: AdipoPhYt, 75013, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Séverine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bieuvelet
authors.affiliation: Groupe PiLeJe, 75015, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Amandine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brochot
authors.affiliation: Groupe PiLeJe, 75015, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Angèle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guilbot
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, and Human Nutrition Research Center-Ile de France, 75013, Paris, France; INSERM, UMR S U1166, Nutriomics, 75013, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Clément
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, and Human Nutrition Research Center-Ile de France, 75013, Paris, France; INSERM, UMR S U1166, Nutriomics, 75013, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Salwa W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Rizkalla
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D002336:Carnosine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002857:Chromium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002935:Cinnamomum zeylanicum / Q000737:chemistry; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000517:prevention & control; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009132:Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy*; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy*; D010919:Placebos; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D010919:Placebos; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002857:Chromium; D002336:Carnosine