title: Thymol and Carvacrol Prevent Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Abrogation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Rats.
abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the possible protective effects of thymol and carvacrol (CAR) against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity. A single dose of DOX (10 mg/kg i.v.) injected to male rats revealed significant increases in serum lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB, aspartate transaminase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and cardiac troponin levels. It also increased heart contents of malondialdehyde and caspase-3 accompanied by a significant reduction in heart content of reduced glutathione as well as catalase and superoxide dismutase activity as compared with the control group. In contrast, administration of thymol (20 mg/kg p.o.) and/or CAR (25 mg/kg p.o.) for 14 days before DOX administration and for 2 days after DOX injection ameliorated the heart function and oxidative stress parameters. Summarily, thymol was more cardioprotective than CAR. Moreover, a combination of thymol and CAR had a synergistic cardioprotective effect that might be attributed to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Al-Azhar University, Nasr-City, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: El-Sayed M
authors.initials: el-SM
authors.lastname: El-Sayed
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Al-Azhar University, Nasr-City, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mansour
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Al-Azhar University, Nasr-City, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohammed S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Abdul-Hameed
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D066126:Cardiotoxicity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D000081007:Cymenes; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000633:toxicity*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D013943:Thymol / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D000081007:Cymenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D013943:Thymol; D004317:Doxorubicin; C073316:carvacrol
keywords: Anti-Oxidant; Cardiotoxicity; Carvacrol; Doxorubicin; Thymol