title: Depressive symptoms and psychosocial aspects of work in bank employees.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The financial sector has seen an increase in the number of cases of violence and stress, which can result in adverse health outcomes, including depressive symptoms, but studies related to stress at work and depression for these workers are scarce.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between exposure to psychosocial work stressors and depressive symptoms in bank employees.
  
  
  METHODS
  A self-administered questionnaire was completed by a sample of bank employees in Pará and Amapá, Brazil. The survey assessed sociodemographic characteristics, mental health (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), Demand-Control-Support and Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI). Outcomes included two levels of depressive symptoms: major depressive symptoms (MDS) and other forms of depressive symptoms (ODS). Logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between depressive symptoms, the two job stress models and relevant covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 2806 eligible subjects, there were 1445 respondents (52% response rate) and the final analyses included 1046 participants. The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 32% (MDS = 18%; ODS = 14%), with no statistically significant difference between men and women. High demands, low levels of control and low social support were associated with MDS and/or ODS, adjusted for gender, age and other work-related conditions. High effort/low reward, over-commitment and ERI were also associated with MDS and ODS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychosocial conditions in banking activity involving high strain, low social support at work, high effort with low reward and over-commitment may represent possible risk factors for depressive symptoms in bank employees.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil, xmarival@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M S S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil, Center of Research in Mental Health Population, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, History of Science and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, Campus de San Juan, Spain, CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pastor-Valero
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lopes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000067012:Banking, Personal; D001938:Brazil; D003132:Commerce; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology*; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009790:Occupations; D011209:Power, Psychological; D012201:Reward; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014937:Work; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Banking working; cross-sectional studies; depressive symptoms; mental health; psychosocial work stressors; working conditions.