title: Newly Designed Upper Lateral Cartilage Flap for Preventing Depression of the Keystone Area in Large-Nose Septorhinoplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because large dorsal reduction may weaken the keystone area, later notching of this area should be prevented while reducing large humps during septorhinoplasty.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether a triangular-shaped flap of upper lateral cartilages (ULCs) that we designed can prevent secondary deformity of the nasal dorsum in the keystone area following large hump reduction.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective study, medical records as well as preoperative and postoperative photographs of septorhinoplasty cases in which triangular flaps had been used between April 1, 2012, and March 3, 2013, were reviewed. Data analysis was conducted from March 3 to May 10, 2014. Demographic data, amount of hump reduction, and any irregularity of the dorsum in the keystone area mentioned in the medical record or identified in postoperative profile view photographs were assessed. The study was conducted in a research center, and the operations were performed in a private setting. Patients had been scheduled for septorhinoplasty with flap reconstruction if more than 3 mm of dorsal hump reduction was planned and their skin was not thin. Of 41 identified patients, 3 could not be monitored for 1 year; 38 patients were included in the analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open septorhinoplasty had been performed, and more than 3 mm of dorsum had been removed in all patients whose data were analyzed. During stepwise resection of the nasal dorsum, a triangular-shaped remnant of the most cephalomedial part of the ULC was maintained intact on each side over the keystone area.
  
  
  METHODS
  Irregularity of the nasal dorsum over the keystone area in postoperative profile view photographs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More than 3 mm of hump reduction had been made in all 38 patients. No irregularities were observed in the postoperative photographs or had been found on digital examination of the keystone area after at least 12 months of follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maintaining a remnant of the ULC over the keystone area in the form of a triangular-shaped flap on each side is a simple, reliable, and durable way to prevent notching of the keystone area during lowering of the nasal dorsum in large noses with sufficient skin thickness.
  
  
  METHODS
  4.
authors.affiliation: Otolaryngology Department, Golsar Hospital, Rasht, Iran2Otolaryngology Department, Arya Hospital, Rasht, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharafi
authors.affiliation: Ear, Nose, Throat-Head and Neck Research Center and Department, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jalessi
authors.affiliation: Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Adamson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055171:Nasal Cartilages / Q000601:surgery*; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000601:surgery*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D055815:Young Adult