title: Gonadal mosaicism in ARID1B gene causes intellectual disability and dysmorphic features in three siblings.
abstract: The gene encoding the AT-rich interaction domain-containing protein 1B (ARID1B) has recently been shown to be one of the most frequently mutated genes in patients with intellectual disability (ID). The phenotypic spectrums associated with variants in this gene vary widely ranging for mild to severe non-specific ID to Coffin-Siris syndrome. In this study, we evaluated three children from a consanguineous Emirati family affected with ID and dysmorphic features. Genomic DNA from all affected siblings was analyzed using CGH array and whole-exome sequencing (WES). Based on a recessive mode of inheritance, homozygous or compound heterozygous variants shared among all three affected children could not be identified. However, further analysis revealed a heterozygous variant (c.4318C>T; p.Q1440*) in the three affected children in an autosomal dominant ID causing gene, ARID1B. This variant was absent in peripheral blood samples obtained from both parents and unaffected siblings. Therefore, we propose that the most likely explanation for this situation is that one of the parents is a gonadal mosaic for the variant. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a gonadal mosaicism inheritance of an ARID1B variant leading to familial ID recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Heath Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Salma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ben-Salem
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Nara
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sobreira
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nadia A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Akawi
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Tawam Hospital, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Aisha M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Al-Shamsi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Heath Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: John
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine and Heath Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Thachillath
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pramathan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Valle
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Heath Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Bassam R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine and Heath Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Lihadh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Al-Gazali
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D059472:Exome / Q000235:genetics*; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006228:Hand Deformities, Congenital / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008844:Micrognathism / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D009030:Mosaicism; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D009333:Neck / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D010375:Pedigree; D035781:Siblings; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C497837:ARID1B protein, human; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: ARID1B; gonadal mosaicism; non-Mendelian inheritance; whole-exome sequencing