title: The brain following transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: the perspective from neuroimaging.
abstract: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common complication after implantation of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). Neuroimaging offers a variety of techniques for non-invasive evaluation of alterations in metabolism, as well as structural and functional changes of the brain in patients after TIPS implantation. In this article, we review the epidemiology and pathophysiology of post-TIPS HE. The potential of neuroimaging including positron emission tomography and multimodality magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the pathophysiology of post-TIPS HE is presented. We also give a perspective on the role of neuroimaging in this field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Hui Juan
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China.|College of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, MSC 226, 25 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC, 29401, USA.|Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Julian L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wichmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, MSC 226, 25 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC, 29401, USA.
authors.forename: U Joseph
authors.initials: UJ
authors.lastname: Schoepf
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Guang Ming
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China. kevinzhlj@163.com.
authors.forename: Long Jiang
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000601:surgery*; D059906:Neuroimaging; D019168:Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic / Q000009:adverse effects*
keywords: Blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging; Hepatic encephalopathy; Magnetic perfusion imaging; Magnetic resonance imaging; Positron emission tomography; Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt