title: Smart Textile Based on Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Respiratory Monitoring: Design and Preliminary Trials.
abstract: Continuous respiratory monitoring is important to assess adequate ventilation. We present a fiber optic-based smart textile for respiratory monitoring able to work during Magnetic Resonance (MR) examinations. The system is based on the conversion of chest wall movements into strain of two fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors, placed on the upper thorax (UT). FBGs are glued on the textile by an adhesive silicon rubber. To increase the system sensitivity, the FBGs positioning was led by preliminary experiments performed using an optoelectronic system: FBGs placed on the chest surface experienced the largest strain during breathing. System performances, in terms of respiratory period (TR), duration of inspiratory (TI) and expiratory (TE) phases, as well as left and right UT volumes, were assessed on four healthy volunteers. The comparison of results obtained by the proposed system and an optoelectronic plethysmography highlights the high accuracy in the estimation of TR, TI, and TE: Bland-Altman analysis shows mean of difference values lower than 0.045 s, 0.33 s, and 0.35 s for TR, TI, and TE, respectively. The mean difference of UT volumes between the two systems is about 8.3%. The promising results foster further development of the system to allow routine use during MR examinations.Continuous respiratory monitoring is important to assess adequate ventilation. We present a fiber optic-based smart textile for respiratory monitoring able to work during Magnetic Resonance (MR) examinations. The system is based on the conversion of chest wall movements into strain of two fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors, placed on the upper thorax (UT). FBGs are glued on the textile by an adhesive silicon rubber. To increase the system sensitivity, the FBGs positioning was led by preliminary experiments performed using an optoelectronic system: FBGs placed on the chest surface experienced the largest strain during breathing. System performances, in terms of respiratory period (TR), duration of inspiratory (TI) and expiratory (TE) phases, as well as left and right UT volumes, were assessed on four healthy volunteers. The comparison of results obtained by the proposed system and an optoelectronic plethysmography highlights the high accuracy in the estimation of TR, TI, and TE: Bland-Altman analysis shows mean of difference values lower than 0.045 s, 0.33 s, and 0.35 s for TR, TI, and TE, respectively. The mean difference of UT volumes between the two systems is about 8.3%. The promising results foster further development of the system to allow routine use during MR examinations.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Center for Integrated Research, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, Rome 00128, Italy. marco.ciocchetti@alcampus.it.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ciocchetti
authors.affiliation: Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Center for Integrated Research, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, Rome 00128, Italy. c.massaroni@unicampus.it.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Massaroni
authors.affiliation: Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Center for Integrated Research, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, Rome 00128, Italy. p.saccomandi@unicampus.it.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saccomandi
authors.affiliation: Photonics Micro- and Nano-structures Laboratory, Research Centre of Frascati, ENEA, Via E. Fermi, 45, Frascati, Rome 00044, Italy. michele.caponero@enea.it.
authors.forename: Michele A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Caponero
authors.affiliation: Photonics Micro- and Nano-structures Laboratory, Research Centre of Frascati, ENEA, Via E. Fermi, 45, Frascati, Rome 00044, Italy. andrea.polimadei@enea.it.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polimadei
authors.affiliation: Unit of Biomedical Robotics and Biomicrosystems, Center for Integrated Research, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, Rome 00128, Italy. d.formica@unicampus.it.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Formica
authors.affiliation: Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Center for Integrated Research, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, Rome 00128, Italy. e.schena@unicampus.it.
authors.forename: Emiliano
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schena
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation
keywords: fiber Bragg grating sensors; fiber optic sensors; magnetic resonance-compatible; optoelectronic plethysmography; respiratory monitoring; smart textile