title: Algal recycling enhances algal productivity and settleability in Pediastrum boryanum pure cultures.
abstract: Recycling a portion of gravity harvested algae (i.e. algae and associated bacteria biomass) has been shown to improve both algal biomass productivity and harvest efficiency by maintaining the dominance of a rapidly-settleable colonial alga, Pediastrum boryanum in both pilot-scale wastewater treatment High Rate Algal Ponds (HRAP) and outdoor mesocosms. While algal recycling did not change the relative proportions of algae and bacteria in the HRAP culture, the contribution of the wastewater bacteria to the improved algal biomass productivity and settleability with the recycling was not certain and still required investigation. P. boryanum was therefore isolated from the HRAP and grown in pure culture on synthetic wastewater growth media under laboratory conditions. The influence of recycling on the productivity and settleability of the pure P. boryanum culture was then determined without wastewater bacteria present. Six 1 L P. boryanum cultures were grown over 30 days in a laboratory growth chamber simulating New Zealand summer conditions either with (Pr) or without (Pc) recycling of 10% of gravity harvested algae. The cultures with recycling (Pr) had higher algal productivity than the controls (Pc) when the cultures were operated at both 4 and 3 d hydraulic retention times by 11% and 38% respectively. Furthermore, algal recycling also improved 1 h settleability from ∼60% to ∼85% by increasing the average P. boryanum colony size due to the extended mean cell residence time and promoted formation of large algal bio-flocs (>500 μm diameter). These results demonstrate that the presence of wastewater bacteria was not necessary to improve algal productivity and settleability with algal recycling.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd (NIWA), P. O. Box 11-115, Hamilton, New Zealand. Electronic address: j.park@niwa.co.nz.
authors.forename: Jason B K
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd (NIWA), P. O. Box 11-115, Hamilton, New Zealand. Electronic address: r.craggs@niwa.co.nz.
authors.forename: Rupert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Craggs
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Electronic address: A.N.Shilton@massey.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Andy N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Shilton
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000254:growth & development*; D009520:New Zealand; D059027:Recycling; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater
chemical_list: D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Algal biofuel; Algal recycling; High rate algal pond; Pediastrum boryanum; Pure algal culture