title: Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adult Health Outcomes Among Veteran and Non-Veteran Women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Women veterans represent a vulnerable population with unique health needs and disparities in access to care. One constellation of exposures related to subsequent poor health includes adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; e.g., physical and sexual child abuse), though research on impacts of ACEs among women veterans is limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were drawn from the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for the 11 states that included the ACE module (n=36,485). Weighted chi-squared tests and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess the prevalence of ACEs among women veterans compared with women non-veterans and differences in the following outcomes, controlling for ACEs: social support, inadequate sleep, life satisfaction, mental distress, smoking, heavy alcohol use, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease symptoms, asthma, and disability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women veterans (1.6% of the total sample) reported a higher prevalence of 7 out of 11 childhood adversities and higher mean ACE score than women non-veterans. Women veterans were more likely to be current smokers and report a disability, associations which were attenuated when controlling for ACE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite women veterans' higher prevalence of ACE, their health outcomes did not differ substantially from non-veterans. Further research is needed to understand the intersections of traumatic experiences and sources of resilience over the lifecourse among women veterans.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Heather L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: McCauley
authors.affiliation: 2 Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Blosnich
authors.affiliation: 3 Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia VA Medical Center , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Melissa E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Dichter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D040343:Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; D002648:Child; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D016015:Logistic Models; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D000066550:Physical Abuse / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D035862:Vulnerable Populations / Q000523:psychology*