title: NORMAL NUTRITIONAL COMPONENTS AND EFFECTS ON BONE METABOLISM IN PREVENTION OF OSTEOPOROSIS.
abstract: Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease, affecting millions of people and causing a high risk of fractures and a loss of quality of life. It is characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. A primary method of prevention, in order to reduce the risk of fractures, is represented by an appropriate lifestyle and a correct diet. There are potentially numerous nutrients and dietary components that can influence bone health, and these range from macronutrients to micronutrients as well as bioactive food ingredients. The purpose of this review is to overview osteoporosis, including its definition, etiology, and incidence, and then provide some information on possible dietary strategies for optimizing bone health and preventing osteoporosis. A correct diet to prevent osteoporosis should contain adequate amounts of calcium, vitamins D and K, protein, and fatty acids. The effects of these elements are briefly discussed, reporting on their correlation with bone benefits.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Clinic, University of Catania, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Testa
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Clinic, University of Catania, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pavone
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Clinic, University of Catania, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mangano
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Clinic, University of Catania, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riccioli
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Clinic, University of Catania, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arancio
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Clinic, University of Catania, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Evola
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Clinic, University of Catania, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Avonda
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Clinic, University of Catania, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sessa
mesh_terms: D015519:Bone Density; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005227:Fatty Acids; D014812:Vitamin K; D014807:Vitamin D