title: Effect of hip and knee position on tensor fasciae latae elongation during stretching: An ultrasonic shear wave elastography study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Decreased flexibility of the tensor fasciae latae is one factor that causes iliotibial band syndrome. Stretching has been used to improve flexibility or tightness of the muscle. However, no studies have investigated the effective stretching position for the tensor fasciae latae using an index to quantify muscle elongation in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hip rotation and knee angle on tensor fasciae latae elongation during stretching in vivo using ultrasonic shear wave elastography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy men participated in this study. The shear elastic modulus of the tensor fasciae latae was calculated using ultrasonic shear wave elastography. Stretching was performed at maximal hip adduction and maximal hip extension in 12 different positions with three hip rotation conditions (neutral, internal, and external rotations) and four knee angles (0°, 45°, 90°, and 135°).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two-way analysis of variance showed a significant main effect for knee angle, but not for hip rotation. The post-hoc test for knee angle indicated that the shear elastic modulus at 90° and 135° were significantly greater than those at 0° and 45°.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that adding hip rotation to the stretching position with hip adduction and extension may have less effect on tensor fasciae latae elongation, and that stretching at >90° of knee flexion may effectively elongate the tensor fasciae latae.
authors.affiliation: Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. Electronic address: umehara.jun.77z@st.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Umehara
authors.affiliation: Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Tome
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikezoe
authors.affiliation: Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishishita
authors.affiliation: Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Umegaki
authors.affiliation: Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.affiliation: Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ichihashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D055119:Elastic Modulus / Q000502:physiology; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D052580:Muscle Stretching Exercises; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D012399:Rotation; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Stretching; Tensor fasciae latae; Ultrasonic shear wave elastography