title: Prevalence and clinical correlates of Schistosoma mansoni co-infection among malaria infected patients, Northwest Ethiopia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Ethiopia, where malaria and schistosomiasis are co-endemic, co-infections are expected to be high. However, data about the prevalence of malaria-schistosomiasis co-infection and their clinical correlation is lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni co-infection and associated clinical correlates in malaria patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013 at Chwahit Health Center, in northwest Ethiopia. Blood film positive malaria patients (N = 205) were recruited for the study. Clinical, parasitological, hematological, and biochemical parameters were assessed from every study participant. Stool samples were also collected and processed with Kato-Katz technique to diagnose and classify intensity of Schistosoma mansoni.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni and malaria co-infection was 19.5%. The age group of 16-20 years old was significantly associated with co-infection. Co-infected patients with a moderate-heavy egg burden of Schistosoma mansoni had significantly high mean Plasmodium parasitemia. On the other hand, age group of 6-10 years old and moderate-heavy Schistosoma mansoni co-infection were significantly associated with severe malaria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevalence of malaria and Schistosoma mansoni co-infection in the study area was considerably high. Severity of malaria and parasitemia of Plasmodium were associated with certain age groups and intensity of concurrent Schistosoma mansoni. Further study is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms of interaction between malaria and Schistosoma mansoni.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. sisaygetie@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sisay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Getie
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. yitayihlab@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yitayih
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wondimeneh
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. ggbeyaw@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Gebeyaw
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Getnet
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. mwmesi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Meseret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Workineh
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. ligabaw@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ligabaw
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Worku
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. afeworkkassu@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Afework
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kassu
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. beyemoges@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Beyene
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moges
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003710:Demography; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008288:Malaria / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000502:physiology*; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D055815:Young Adult