title: IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECTS OF VITAMIN D ON SKIN INFLAMMATION.
abstract: Vitamin D has a major role in calcium absorption and maintenance of healthy bones. Vitamin D is also involved in cancer, cardiovascular system, allergic diseases, immune regulation and immune disor¬ders. Irradiation of food as well as animals produces vitamin D and more than 90% of previtamin D3 synthesis in the skin occurs in the epidermis. Vitamin D receptor has been found in many cells including T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, mast cells, NK cells and Tregs, and it selectively binds with high affinity to its ligand. Vitamin D binds its receptor VDR, resulting in transcription of a number of genes playing a role in inhibition of MAPK. Its effect may be also mediated by the direct activation of PKC. Vitamin D has the ability to suppress inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL-1, IFN-gamma and IL-2; while it increases the generation of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10. In B cells, vitamin D3 have also been shown to suppress IgE antibody class switch partly through the inhibition of NF-kB. Here we discuss the relationship between vitamin D, immunity and skin disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. DAnnunzio, Chieti- Pescara, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toniato
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spinas
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saggini
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kritas
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Division, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caraffa
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Division, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Antinolfi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, G. DAnnunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saggini
authors.affiliation: Catholic University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pandolfi
authors.affiliation: Immunology Division, Post Graduate School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Conti
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D003872:Dermatitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000276:immunology; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D014807:Vitamin D