title: Evaluation of impacted Brazilian estuaries using the native oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae: Branchial carbonic anhydrase as a biomarker.
abstract: In this study, we investigated the use of branchial carbonic anhydrase activity in a sessile filter feeding species, the oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae, as a biomarker. The oysters were collected in three human impacted Brazilian estuaries, following a crescent latitudinal gradient: in Pernambuco state (Itamaracá), in Espírito Santo state (Piraquê), and in Paraná state (Paranaguá), in August/2003 (Winter in the southern hemisphere) and February/2004 (Summer). Three sites were chosen in each estuary for oyster sampling: Reference (R), Contaminated 1 (C1, close to industrial/harbor contamination), and Contaminated 2 (C2, near to sewage discharges). Comparing to values in oysters sampled in reference sites, there was apparent inhibition in carbonic anhydrase activity (CAA) in gills of oysters from C1 of Itamaracá and from C2 of Piraquê, both cases in Summer. On the other hand, increased CAA was noted in C2 oysters of Itamaracá in winter, and of Paranaguá, in both seasons. Branchial CAA in C. rhizophorae was thus very responsive to coastal contamination. Data are consistent with its usefulness as a supporting biomarker for inexpensive and rapid analysis in the assessment of estuaries using a sessile osmoconformer species, but preferably allied to other biomarkers and with knowledge on the suite of contaminants present.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maristela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azevedo-Linhares
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil. Electronic address: cafreire@ufpr.br.
authors.forename: Carolina A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Freire
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001938:Brazil; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000378:metabolism*; D049896:Crassostrea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D063366:Estuaries; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D012621:Seasons; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases
keywords: Biomarkers; Branchial carbonic anhydrase; Estuary; Harbor; Pollution; Salinity