title: Dairy products consumption and metabolic syndrome in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
abstract: The association of dairy products consumption with risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been inconsistently reported in observational studies. A systematic review and meta-analysis of published observational studies was conducted to quantitatively evaluate this association. Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE databases and by carefully checking the bibliographies of retrieved full reports and related reviews. Eligible studies were observational studies that investigated the association between dairy products consumption and risk of MetS in adults, with risk estimates available. Random-effects model was assigned to calculate the summary risk estimates. The final analysis included 15 cross-sectional studies, one case-control study and seven prospective cohort studies. Higher dairy consumption significantly reduced MetS by 17% in the cross-sectional/case-control studies (odds ratio = 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-0.94), and by 14% (relative risk [RR] = 0.86, 95% CI, 0.79-0.92) in cohort studies. The inverse dairy-MetS association was consistent in subgroup and sensitivity analyses. The dose-response analysis of the cohort studies conferred a significant 6% (RR = 0.94, 95% CI, 0.90-0.98) reduction in the risk of MetS for each increment in dairy consumption of one serving/d. No significant publication bias was observed. Our findings suggest an inverse dose-response relationship between dairy consumption and risk of MetS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
authors.forename: Guo-Chong
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, 010110, China.
authors.forename: Ignatius M Y
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Szeto
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
authors.forename: Li-Hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Fen
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, 010110, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Yili R&D Center (The Netherlands) B.V., 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Hekezen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
authors.forename: Li-Qiang
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Qin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors