title: Exploratory Validation of a Multidimensional Power Wheelchair Outcomes Toolkit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the relation among the measures in a power wheelchair outcomes toolkit.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed path analysis of cross-sectional data from self-report questionnaires and 1 objective measure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six sites.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of power wheelchair users (N=128). Most (n=69; 53.9%) participants were women. Multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury/disease were the most common diagnoses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  The power wheelchair version of the Wheelchair Skills Test version 4.1 was used to carry out an objective evaluation of capacity to perform 32 wheelchair skills. The Late-Life Disability Index measured frequency of participation in 16 life activities. The Life-Space Assessment measured independence, extent, and frequency of mobility. The Assistive Technology Outcomes Profile for Mobility was used to assess perceived difficulty performing activity and participation using assistive technology. The Wheelchair Use Confidence Scale for powered wheelchair users captured users' self-efficacy with wheelchair use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Wheelchair confidence was independently associated with less difficulty with activity (β=.028, P=.002) and participation (β=.225, P<.001), increased life space (β=.095, P<.003), and greater wheelchair skills (β=.30, P<.001). Less perceived difficulty with activity was independently associated with increased frequency of participation (β=.55, P<.001). Life-space mobility was independently associated with increased frequency of participation (β=.167, P<.001). Less difficulty with participation was independently associated with greater life-space mobility (β=.59, P<.001) and greater frequency of participation (β=.13, P<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides empirical support for the measures included as part of the power wheelchair outcomes toolkit. They appear to provide complementary information on a variety of constructs related to power wheelchair use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Rehabilitation Research Program, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Electronic address: ben.mortenson@ubc.ca.
authors.forename: W Ben
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Mortenson
authors.affiliation: School of Rehabilitation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Research Center of the Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, School of Rehabilitation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Demers
authors.affiliation: School of Rehabilitation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Marie Enfant Rehabilitation Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montréal, PQ, Canada.
authors.forename: Paula W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Rushton
authors.affiliation: School of Rehabilitation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Montréal, PQ, Canada.
authors.forename: Claudine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Auger
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Laval University, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, Quebec City Rehabilitation Institute, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Routhier
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Rehabilitation Research Program, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000534:rehabilitation; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012649:Self Concept; D020377:Self Efficacy; D058992:Social Participation; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation; D014910:Wheelchairs
keywords: Mobility limitation; Rehabilitation; Social participation; Wheelchairs