title: The hyaluronan and proteoglycan link proteins: Organizers of the brain extracellular matrix and key molecules for neuronal function and plasticity.
abstract: The hyaluronan and proteoglycanbinding link protein (Hapln) is a key molecule in the formation and control of hyaluronan-based condensed perineuronal matrix in the adult brain. This review summarizes the recent advances in understanding the role of Haplns in the formation and control of two distinct types of perineuronal matrices, one for "classical" PNN and the other for the specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) at the node of Ranvier in the central nervous system (CNS). We introduce the structural components of each ECM organization including the basic concept of supramolecular structure named "HLT model". We furthermore summarize the developmental and physiological role of perineuronal ECMs from the studies of Haplns and related molecules. Finally, we also discuss the potential mechanism modulating PNNs in the adult CNS. This layer of organized matrices may exert a direct effect via core protein or sugar moiety from the structure or by acting as a binding site for biologically active molecules, which are important for neuronal plasticity and saltatory conduction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. Electronic address: oohashi@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Toshitaka
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oohashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Midori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Edamatsu
authors.affiliation: NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bekku
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri-Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carulli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099249:Proteoglycan Link Protein
chemical_list: D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D011509:Proteoglycans; D000099249:Proteoglycan Link Protein
keywords: Hyaluronan; Link protein; Node of Ranvier; Perineuronal net; Plasticity; Proteoglycan; Saltatory conduction