title: In ovo trace element supplementation enhances expression of growth genes in embryo and immune genes in post-hatch broiler chickens.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Differential expression of growth- and immunity-related genes and post-hatch performances were evaluated in in ovo zinc (Zn), iodine (I) or selenium (Se) supplemented chicken embryos.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was about 9-18% reduction in hatchability of Zn, I or Se supplemented eggs. In ovo trace element supplementation did not improve post-hatch growth. Two-way analysis of data revealed significant effect (P > 0.01) of period, trace elements and their interactions. Expression of hepatic somatotropin, insulin-like growth factor-II and mucin gene was highest at 20(th) embryonic day but decreased during post-hatch periods. In ovo Zn or I supplemented embryos had higher expression of growth-related genes compared to the Se or un-injected control group. Expression of interleukin-6 was higher (P < 0.01) in in ovo I supplemented chicks (2.5-fold) but lower in the Zn and Se groups than in the un-injected control group. However, Zn and Se supplemented chicks had higher cellular immune gene expression. In vivo response to mitogen phytohaemaglutinin was also higher (P < 0.01) in Zn or Se supplemented chicks
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In ovo supplementation of Zn, I and Se did not improve the post-hatch growth, but increased growth-related gene expression. Iodine improved humoral immune gene expression whereas Zn and Se enhanced cell-mediated immune gene expression in broiler chickens. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Central Avian Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.|Division of Biotechnology, Kumaon University, Bhimtal, Uttrakhand, India.
authors.forename: Akshat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.affiliation: Central Avian Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Subrat K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Bhanja
authors.affiliation: Central Avian Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Manish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mehra
authors.affiliation: Central Avian Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Asitbaran
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Kumaon University, Bhimtal, Uttrakhand, India.
authors.forename: Veena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pande
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements
keywords: broiler chickens; gene expression; growth and immunity; in ovo supplementation; trace elements