title: Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy by delineations on CT-based simulation in different respiratory phases for the treatment of senile patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate the application of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) for elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on computed tomography (CT) simulations in different respiratory phases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 64 patients aged >70 years old with NSCLC were treated by 3D-CRT using CT images in different respiratory phases. The gross tumor volumes (GTVs) at the end of inspiration and end of expiration were combined to obtain the total GTV, which was close to the motional range of tumors during respiration, and no additional expansion of the clinical target volume (CTAV) to planning target volume (PTV) (CTAV:PTV) was included during the recording of respiratory movements. Patients were also planned according to the classic 3D-CRT approach. Efficacy, prognostic factors, and side effects were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the classic approach, the average PTV was 18.9% lower (median: 17.3%), and the average lung volume receiving a prescribed dose for a tumor was 22.4% lower (median: 20.9%). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 70.6%, 54.9%, and 29.4%, respectively, with an overall tumor response rate of 79.7%. The Karnofsky performance status and N stage were independent prognostic factors, whereas age was not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Without affecting therapeutic effects, CT simulations in different respiratory phases were well-tolerated in elderly patients with NSCLC, could effectively reduce PTV, and could improve the quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China ; Department of Radiation Oncology, Haikou municipal hospital, Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Weifeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Haikou municipal hospital, Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Haikou municipal hospital, Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guoping
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Haikou municipal hospital, Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhiren
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Haikou municipal hospital, Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Longhua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
keywords: CT-based simulation in different respiratory phases; non-small cell lung cancer; survival; three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy