title: Specific antenatal interventions for Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) pregnant women at high risk of poor birth outcomes in the United Kingdom: a scoping review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disparity exists in maternal and infant birth outcomes of Black and Minority Ethnic (BAME) women giving birth in the United Kingdom (UK) compared to the majority. There is therefore a need to reconsider existing maternity service provision to ensure culturally competent services. The purpose of this scoping review was to ascertain what specific maternity interventions have been implemented in the UK for BAME women (2004-2014) so that increased awareness of the need and scope of specific maternity interventions for BAME women can be identified.
  
  
  METHODS
  A scoping review was conducted in order to determine the evidence base. It was determined that no prior systematic reviews had been conducted and it was apparent that literature in this field was sparse. Scoping review is an ideal method when literature is likely to be heterogeneous and the research field relatively unexplored. A keyword strategy was used implementing population (P), intervention (I), comparison (C) and outcomes (O).
  
  
  RESULTS
  An initial 2188 papers were identified. Following screening and review, only 5 heterogeneous papers remained suitable and were included. The included interventions employed sample sizes of N = 160-1441, examined a range of different outcome measures and were delivered across different parts of the UK with high numbers of BAME residents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a lack of rigorous research interventions and practice interventions which are currently documented, of specific maternity interventions which are aimed to address culturally competent maternity services and the sharing of best practice addressing the increased risks of BAME women delivering in the UK.
authors.affiliation: The Institute For Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Putteridge Bury, Hitchin Road, Luton, Bedfordshire, LU2 8LE, UK. Rebecca.Garcia@beds.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: The Institute For Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Putteridge Bury, Hitchin Road, Luton, Bedfordshire, LU2 8LE, UK. Nasreen.Ali@beds.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Nasreen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: The Institute For Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Putteridge Bury, Hitchin Road, Luton, Bedfordshire, LU2 8LE, UK. Chris.Papadopoulos@beds.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
authors.affiliation: The Institute For Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Putteridge Bury, Hitchin Road, Luton, Bedfordshire, LU2 8LE, UK. Gurch.Randhawa@beds.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Gurch
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Randhawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D054521:Cultural Competency; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk / Q000208:ethnology*; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006113:United Kingdom; D055815:Young Adult