title: Tensile bond strength of different universal adhesive systems to lithium disilicate ceramic.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Today, many adhesive systems with different coupling agents for tooth structures and restorative materials are available. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the tensile bond strength (TBS) of different universal adhesive systems to etched lithium disilicate ceramic.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors etched and bonded 96 disk-like lithium disilicate ceramic specimens (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent) with 4 different adhesive bonding systems to Plexiglas tubes filled with a composite resin. The authors stored the specimens in water at 37°C for 3 days without thermal cycling or for 30 or 150 days with 7,500 or 37,500 thermal cycles between 5°C and 55°C, respectively. Then, all specimens underwent TBS testing. The authors performed statistical analysis by using Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests with a Bonferroni-Holm correction for multiple testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initially, all adhesive systems exhibited considerable TBS, but some showed a significant reduction after 30 days of storage. After 3, 30, and 150 days, the Monobond Plus and Multilink Automix (Ivoclar Vivadent) silane-containing adhesive system showed significantly higher bond strengths to lithium disilicate ceramic than did the other universal adhesive systems, some of which do not contain silanes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The bond strength to lithium disilicate ceramic is affected significantly by the adhesive bonding system used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Universal adhesive systems that do not contain a silane should be avoided for bonding lithium disilicate ceramic restorations because of their inferior bond strength.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Passia
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Freitag-Wolf
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kern
mesh_terms: D003188:Composite Resins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000592:standards*; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D019279:Resin Cements; C493120:lithia disilicate; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C041330:Scotchbond
keywords: Lithium disilicate ceramic; adhesive bonding systems; tensile bond strength