title: Quantitative Analysis of Voice in Parkinson Disease Compared to Motor Performance: A Pilot Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Characteristic features of hypokinetic dysarthria develop in Parkinson disease (PD). We hypothesized that quantified acoustic changes of voice might provide a correlate of disease severity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if there are significant differences in acoustic measures of voice between mild and moderate PD; 2) To evaluate correlations between acoustic parameters of voice and subtests of the UPDRS in mild and moderate PD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty six participants with PD underwent vocal acoustic testing while off PD medication, for comparison to 22 healthy controls. Participants with PD were divided into two groups based upon UPDRS activities of daily living (ADL) ratings: summed scores were used to define mild and moderate PD. Participants voiced /i/ ("ee") at comfort, high, and low pitch (3 trials/pitch). The CSpeech Waveform Analysis Program was used to analyze cycle-to-cycle frequency ("jitter") and amplitude ("shimmer") irregularities of the vocal signal, signal-to-noise ratio, and maximum phonation frequency range converted to semitones. Sections of UPDRS scores were correlated to acoustic variables of voice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Key findings included a significant difference between the semitone range of the control subjects and the moderate PD group (p = 0.036). Further analyses revealed significant differences in semitone range for males between the controls vs. mild PD (p = 0.014), and controls vs. moderate PD (p = 0.005). Significant correlations were also found between acoustic findings and both the ADL and motor portions of the UPDRS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acoustic analysis of voice, particularly frequency range, may provide a quantifiable correlate of disease progression in PD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Speech-Language Sciences and Disorders, Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Alice K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Silbergleit
authors.affiliation: Division of Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI, USA.|Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: LeWitt
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Edward L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Glendon M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Gardner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D014705:Verbal Behavior; D014831:Voice
keywords: Parkinson disease; Voice; motor function; phonation