title: Down-regulation of Th2 immune responses by sublingual administration of poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)-encapsulated allergen in BALB/c mice.
abstract: The goal of this study was to investigate whether poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles could enhance sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) efficacy. BALB/c mice sensitized to rChe a 3 were treated sublingually either with soluble rChe a 3 (100μg/dose) or PLGA-encapsulated rChe a 3 (5, 25, or 50μg/dose). SLIT with PLGA-encapsulated rChe a 3 (equivalent to 25 and 50μg rChe a 3 per dose) led to significantly increased antigen-specific IgG2a, along with no effect on allergen-specific IgE and IgG1 antibody levels. In addition, interleukin 4 (IL-4) levels in restimulated splenocytes were significantly less, while interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) levels, as well as Foxp3 expression, were significantly greater than in the control groups. Our findings suggest that PLGA nanoparticle-based vaccination may help rational development of sublingual immunotherapy through reduction of the needed allergen doses and also significantly enhanced systemic T regulatory (Treg) and T helper 1 (Th1) immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Electronic address: f.salari@kums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Farhad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salari
authors.affiliation: Allergy Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: varasteha@mums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Abdol-Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Varasteh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Biotechnology Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: vahedif@mcmaster.ca.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vahedi
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: HashemiM@mums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashemi
authors.affiliation: Immunobiochemistry Lab, Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: sankianm@mums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mojtaba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sankian
mesh_terms: D000286:Administration, Sublingual; D000485:Allergens / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D052179:Antigens, Plant / Q000276:immunology*; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D007167:Immunotherapy; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D053758:Nanoparticles; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D052179:Antigens, Plant; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; C528040:Che a 3 allergen, Chenopodium album; D016207:Cytokines; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D007073:Immunoglobulin E
keywords: IgE; Nanoparticles; Poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA); Recombinant allergen; Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT)