title: Catheter associated urinary tract infection (CA-UTI) incidence in an Internal Medicine Ward of a Northern Italian Hospital.
abstract: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTI) are estimated to be the most frequent nosocomial infections (40%). A catheter is introduced to 10-25% of inpatients, and is often left on site for a long period of time. We carried out a prospective study on inpatients of our Internal Medicine ward to assess the incidence of CA-UTI under the implementation of corrective action. All inpatients who underwent introduction of a urinary catheter upon or after admission to our ward were included in the study. Patients with bacteriuria or positive urine culture before catheterization, others with less than 24 hours catheterism, or bearing a catheter on admission were all excluded from the study. CA-UTI diagnosis was assessed on the basis of CDC 2009 guidelines. The investigation was held between June 2010 and March 2013 in five steps or phases. In the first phase open circuit drainage catheterism was used, in the second phase close circuit drainage catheterism was introduced, while in the third phase disposable lubrification was added to closed circuit drainage catheterism. In the next step (phase 4) we introduced number of days of catheterism control and nurse training; in the last phase (5) emptying urine collection bags on a container was added. In phase 1 we estimated six UTIs out of 18 patients (incidence 33%), in phase 2 we had four infections out of 10 patients (40%). Given the results, we had to reflect on the quality of the procedures of catheter positioning and management . Where feasible, we improved technical practices and during follow-up there was evidence of CA-UTI in 10 patients over 25 (phase 3, 40%), and eight infections over 25 (phase 4, 32%). Once all these steps had been implemented, in phase 5 we determined a sharp reduction in CA-UTI (2 patients over 27, or 7.5%, p=0.025). This improvement was particularly evident in the rate of infection per days of catheter, which was reduced from 43.4/1000 to 13.6/1000. Although the statistical power of the present study has its limitations, we attained a significant reduction in catheter-associated UTIs through the implementation of close circuit catheterism and improvements in care practices.
authors.affiliation: Unità Operativa di Medicina Generale.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Izzo
authors.affiliation: Gruppo operativo per il controllo delle infezioni ospedaliere.
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lania
authors.affiliation: Unità Operativa di Medicina Generale.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bella
authors.affiliation: Unità Operativa di Medicina Generale.
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Formaini Marioni
authors.affiliation: Direzione Sanitaria, Azienda Ospedaliera Mellino Mellini, Chiari (Brescia), Italy.
authors.forename: Romana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coccaglio
authors.affiliation: Unità Operativa di Medicina Generale, Gruppo operativo per il controllo delle infezioni ospedaliere, Direzione Sanitaria, Azienda Ospedaliera Mellino Mellini, Chiari (Brescia), Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Colombini
mesh_terms: D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007388:Internal Medicine; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*