title: Diverse effects of a 445 nm diode laser on isometric contraction of the rat aorta.
abstract: The usefulness of visible lasers in treating vascular diseases is controversial. It is probable that multiple effects of visible lasers on blood vessels and their unclear mechanisms have hampered the usefulness of this therapy. Therefore, elucidating the precise actions and mechanisms of the effects of lasers on blood vessels would provide insight into potential biomedical applications. Here, using organ chamber isometric contraction measurements, western blotting, patch-clamp, and en face immunohistochemistry, we showed that a 445 nm diode laser contracted rat aortic rings, both by activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase and by increasing oxidative stress. In addition to the effects on the endothelium, the laser also directly relaxed and contracted vascular smooth muscle by inhibiting L-type Ca(2+) channels and by activating protein tyrosine kinases, respectively. Thus, we conclude that exposure to 445 nm laser might contract and dilate blood vessels in the endothelium and smooth muscle via distinct mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, KU Open Innovation Center, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Woong
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, KU Open Innovation Center, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Chul
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, KU Open Innovation Center, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Ji
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, BK21 + Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: In Wha
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, BK21 + Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung-Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, BK21 + Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Soon-Cheol
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, BK21 + Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, BK21 + Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, KU Open Innovation Center, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Bokyung
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, KU Open Innovation Center, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Bae
keywords: (140.3450) Laser-induced chemistry; (140.7300) Visible lasers; (170.0170) Medical optics and biotechnology; (170.5380) Physiology