title: Glycaemic, blood pressure and cholesterol control in 25 629 diabetics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine and compare the extent to which people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are achieving haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) treatment targets.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of databases (MEDLINE Ovid, Pubmed and Sabinet) was performed and limited to the following terms: type 2 diabetes mellitus AND guideline AND goal achievement for the years 2009 to 2014 (five years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 14 studies (25 629 patients) were selected across 19 different countries. An HbA1c level of 7.0% (or less) was achieved by 44.5% of subjects (range 19.2-70.5%), while 35.2% (range 7.4-66.3%) achieved BP of 130/80 mmHg (or less), and 51.4% (range 20.0-82.9%) had an LDL-C level of either 2.5 or 2.6 mmol/l (100 mg/dl or less).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite guideline recommendations that lowering of HbA1c, BP and lipids to target levels in T2DM will lead to a reduction in morbidity and mortality rates, we found that control of these risk factors remains suboptimal, even across different settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. jpinchevsky@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pinchevsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Butkow
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chirwa
authors.affiliation: Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Raal
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human