title: Percutaneous Microwave Ablation of Renal Angiomyolipomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of US-guided percutaneous microwave (MW) ablation in the treatment of renal angiomyolipoma (AML).
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2011 to April 2014, seven patients (5 females and 2 males; mean age 51.4) with 11 renal AMLs (9 sporadic type and 2 tuberous sclerosis associated) with a mean size of 3.4 ± 0.7 cm (range 2.4-4.9 cm) were treated with high-powered, gas-cooled percutaneous MW ablation under US guidance. Tumoral diameter, volume, and CT/MR enhancement were measured on pre-treatment, immediate post-ablation, and delayed post-ablation imaging. Clinical symptoms and creatinine were assessed on follow-up visits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All ablations were technically successful and no major complications were encountered. Mean ablation parameters were ablation power of 65 W (range 60-70 W), using 456 mL of hydrodissection fluid per patient, over 4.7 min (range 3-8 min). Immediate post-ablation imaging demonstrated mean tumor diameter and volume decreases of 1.8% (3.4-3.3 cm) and 1.7% (27.5-26.3 cm(3)), respectively. Delayed imaging follow-up obtained at a mean interval of 23.1 months (median 17.6; range 9-47) demonstrated mean tumor diameter and volume decreases of 29% (3.4-2.4 cm) and 47% (27.5-12.1 cm(3)), respectively. Tumoral enhancement decreased on immediate post-procedure and delayed imaging by CT/MR parameters, indicating decreased tumor vascularity. No patients required additional intervention and no patients experienced spontaneous bleeding post-ablation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our early experience with high-powered, gas-cooled percutaneous MW ablation demonstrates it to be a safe and effective modality to devascularize and decrease the size of renal AMLs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, E3/366 CSC, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, USA. mcristescu@uwhealth.org.
authors.forename: Mircea
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cristescu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. abel@urology.wisc.edu.
authors.forename: E Jason
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Abel
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, E3/366 CSC, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, USA. swells@uwhealth.org.
authors.forename: Shane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, E3/366 CSC, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, USA. tziemlewicz@uwhealth.org.
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Ziemlewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. hedican@surgery.wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Sean P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Hedican
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, E3/366 CSC, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, USA. mlubner@uwhealth.org.
authors.forename: Megan G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lubner
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, E3/366 CSC, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, USA. jhinshaw@uwhealth.org.
authors.forename: J Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hinshaw
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, E3/366 CSC, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, USA. cbrace@uwhealth.org.|Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. cbrace@uwhealth.org.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. cbrace@uwhealth.org.
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Brace
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, E3/366 CSC, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, USA. flee@uwhealth.org.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. flee@uwhealth.org.
authors.forename: Fred T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018207:Angiomyolipoma / Q000628:therapy*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014402:Tuberous Sclerosis / Q000628:therapy; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: AML; Percutaneous microwave ablation; Renal angiomyolipoma