title: Family needs after brain injury: A cross cultural study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to explore differences by country in the importance of family needs after traumatic brain injury (TBI), as well as differences in met/unmet needs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and seventy-one family members of an individual with TBI in Mexico, Colombia, Spain, Denmark, and Norway completed the Family Needs Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight of the ten needs rated as most important globally were from the Health Information subscale. Importance ratings on the Health Information, Professional Support, and Involvement With Care subscales were similar across countries, but Mexican family members rated Instrumental Support needs as less important than Colombian, Spanish, and Danish family members, and also rated their Community Support needs as less important than Danish and Spanish family members. Mexican family member's rated emotional support needs as less important than Colombian, Spanish, and Danish family members. Globally, the needs rated as most often met were from the Health Information subscale, and the most unmet needs were from the Emotional Support subscale.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite some similarities across countries several differences were identified, and these can help professionals to provide more culturally appropriate rehabilitation services for family members in order to improve informal care for TBI.
authors.affiliation: RUBRIC Research Unit on Brain Injury Rehabilitation Copenhagen, Department of Neurorehabilitation, Traumatic Brain Injury Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Norup
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Paul B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Perrin
authors.affiliation: Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cuberos-Urbano
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway.|Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, University Tromso, Norway.
authors.forename: Audny
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anke
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, Ulleval, Oslo, Norway.|Institute of Health and Society, CHARM (Research Centre for Habilitation and Rehabilitation Models and Services), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Nada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Andelic
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.affiliation: Javeriana University, Cali, Colombia.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cristina Quijano
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology-Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caracuel
authors.forename: Dulce
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mar
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación de México, México City, México.
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Guadalupe Espinosa Jove
authors.affiliation: IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carlos Arango-Lasprilla
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D003105:Colombia; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003718:Denmark; D004644:Emotions; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D009664:Norway; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012944:Social Support; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Traumatic brain injury; caregivers; cultural differences; family needs; global regions