title: Placental expression of the insulin receptor binding protein GRB10: Relation to human fetoplacental growth and fetal gender.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Imprinted genes play an important role in mammalian fetoplacental growth and development. We have evaluated whether the placental expression of two imprinted genes, growth factor receptor-binding protein 10 (GRB10) and pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member 2 (PHLDA2) correlate with human fetoplacental growth parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Placentae (n = 77) were collected from small- (SGA) and appropriate- (AGA) for gestational age full-term singleton pregnancies (n = 36 SGA and 41 AGA). Placentae and neonates were weighed at birth. Realtime quantitative PCR was performed to assess placental transcript abundance of GRB10 and PHLDA2 normalized to a panel of reference genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Placental GRB10 transcript abundance associated positively with placental weight (r = 0.307, P = 0.007), birth weight (r = 0.267, P = 0.019) and neonatal head circumference (r = 0.280, P = 0.014). Placental GRB10 transcript levels were significantly lower in male SGA placentae compared to the male AGA placentae. Placental PHLDA2 transcript abundance did not show any associations with maternal, placental or neonatal parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Placental GRB10 expression was found to be associated positively with placental weight, birth weight, and neonatal head circumference, especially in males. Hence, we speculate that placental GRB10 plays a role in regulating fetoplacental growth and thereby in the pathophysiology of fetal growth restriction in the context of fetal gender.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India. Electronic address: arpitam@sjri.res.in.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mukhopadhyay
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, St John's Medical College, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ravikumar
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dwarkanath
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meraaj
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St John's Medical College, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, St John's Medical College, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crasta
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kurpad
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Sridhar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000378:metabolism*; D051383:GRB10 Adaptor Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D008297:Male; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C096358:GRB10 protein, human; D051383:GRB10 Adaptor Protein
keywords: Fetal growth restriction; GRB10; Gender; Human placenta; Imprinted genes; SGA