title: Towards a measurement of internalization of collaboration scripts in the medical context - results of a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Collaboration as a key qualification in medical education and everyday routine in clinical care can substantially contribute to improving patient safety. Internal collaboration scripts are conceptualized as organized - yet adaptive - knowledge that can be used in specific situations in professional everyday life. This study examines the level of internalization of collaboration scripts in medicine. Internalization is understood as fast retrieval of script information.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goals of the current study were the assessment of collaborative information, which is part of collaboration scripts, and the development of a methodology for measuring the level of internalization of collaboration scripts in medicine.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the contrastive comparison of internal collaboration scripts, 20 collaborative novices (medical students in their final year) and 20 collaborative experts (physicians with specialist degrees in internal medicine or anesthesiology) were included in the study. Eight typical medical collaborative situations as shown on a photo or video were presented to the participants for five seconds each. Afterwards, the participants were asked to describe what they saw on the photo or video. Based on the answers, the amount of information belonging to a collaboration script (script-information) was determined and the time each participant needed for answering was measured. In order to measure the level of internalization, script-information per recall time was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As expected, collaborative experts stated significantly more script-information than collaborative novices. As well, collaborative experts showed a significantly higher level of internalization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the findings of this research, we conclude that our instrument can discriminate between collaboration novices and experts. It therefore can be used to analyze measures to foster subject-specific competency in medical education.
authors.affiliation: Klinikum der Universität München, Institut für Didaktik und Ausbildungsforschung in der Medizin, München, Deutschland ; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich Center of the Learning Science (MCLS), München, Deutschland.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kiesewetter
authors.affiliation: Klinikum der Universität München, Institut für Didaktik und Ausbildungsforschung in der Medizin, München, Deutschland.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gluza
authors.affiliation: Klinikum der Universität München, Institut für Didaktik und Ausbildungsforschung in der Medizin, München, Deutschland.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holzer
authors.affiliation: Klinikum der Universität München, Institut für Didaktik und Ausbildungsforschung in der Medizin, München, Deutschland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Saravo
authors.affiliation: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich Center of the Learning Science (MCLS), München, Deutschland.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hammitzsch
authors.affiliation: Klinikum der Universität München, Institut für Didaktik und Ausbildungsforschung in der Medizin, München, Deutschland.
authors.forename: Martin R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Fischer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004501:Education, Medical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000070516:Intersectoral Collaboration; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D010819:Physician's Role / Q000523:psychology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: collaboration; collaboration scripts; internalization; teamwork