title: Chromium, zinc and magnesium status in type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chromium, zinc, and magnesium are involved in insulin signal transduction, glucose metabolism, and cellular antioxidative defense. This review details the statuses of chromium, zinc, and magnesium in type 1 diabetes patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood levels of trace elements (especially magnesium and zinc) were lower in type 1 diabetes patients than in controls and were even lower in type 1 diabetes patients with poor glycemic control. Studies with mouse models have shown that chromium and magnesium supplementation alleviated diabetes-induced complications and improved glycemic control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many studies indicated positive correlations between decreased levels of serum chromium, zinc, and magnesium and poor glycemic control. The supplementation of type 1 diabetes patients with zinc, magnesium, and chromium may help to control diabetes and prevent diabetes-related oxidative injuries, but require further study.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung bPlanning Department, Fooyin University Hospital, Pingtung cDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University dDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital eDepartment of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Chiang
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yeou-Lih
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002857:Chromium / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000097:blood; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood; D008275:Magnesium Deficiency / Q000097:blood; D009752:Nutritional Status; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D014131:Trace Elements; D002857:Chromium; D008274:Magnesium; D015032:Zinc