title: Enterovirus Species B Bias of RD Cell Line and Its Influence on Enterovirus Diversity Landscape.
abstract: Despite its widespread use in poliovirus isolation, studies show that most RD cell line isolates are species B enteroviruses (EB), it was therefore employed to further catalogue the EB diversity in two different regions of Nigeria. Concentrates of 18 environmental samples were inoculated into RD cell line. Isolates were subjected to PCR assays to detect enteroviruses, species C and B members and partial VP1 gene which was subsequently sequenced and used for identification and phylogenetic analysis. Isolates were further passaged in L20B cell line to detect polioviruses. Sixty-eight isolates were recovered from the 18 concentrates, all of which were positive for the enterovirus 5'-UTR screen. Thirteen of the 68 isolates were positive for the species C screen and replicated in L20B cell line, eleven of which also contained species B enteroviruses. Some of the mixed isolates were successfully typed, but as species B members. In all, isolates recovered in this study were identified as CVB5, E6, E7, E11, E13, E19, E20, E33, EVB75 and WPV3, while some could not be typed. Alongside the ten different enterovirus serotypes confirmed, results of this study document for the first time in Nigeria, EVB75. It showed the EB bias of RD cell line might indicate something much more fundamental in its biology. Finally, the finding of WPV3 in a region considered low risk for poliovirus emphasizes the need to expand poliovirus environmental surveillance to enable early detection of poliovirus silent circulation before occurrence of clinical manifestations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. faleyetope@yahoo.com.|Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. faleyetope@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Temitope Oluwasegun Cephas
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Faleye
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. adek1808@yahoo.com.|WHO National Polio Laboratory, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. adek1808@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Johnson Adekunle
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Adeniji
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D058889:Molecular Typing; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012306:Risk; D012722:Sewage / Q000821:virology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D056189:Viral Tropism
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral; D012722:Sewage; D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: Diversity landscape; Enterovirus species B bias; Environmental surveillance; Nigeria; Poliovirus