title: Effect of dispersants on the biodegradation of South Louisiana crude oil at 5 and 25 °C.
abstract: This article reports biodegradation rates for a commercial dispersant, JD-2000, South Louisiana crude oil (SLC) alone, and SLC dispersed with JD-2000 at 5 and 25 °C. Results from the biodegradation experiments revealed that Component X, a chemical marker for JD-2000, rapidly degraded at both temperatures. The application of JD-2000 decreased by half the overall biodegradation rate of aliphatic compounds at 25 °C. At 5 °C, a residual fraction consisting of iso- and n-alkanes (C29-C35) persisted after 56 d. The combination of dispersant and higher temperature resulted in faster removal rates for 2- and 3-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. When compared with Corexit 9500, our results suggest that the chemistry of the surfactant (or surfactants) in JD-2000 might have favored oil dissolution (substrate transport to the aqueous phase) as an uptake mechanism over adhesion, which requires direct contact of the biomass with the oil.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 2901 Woodside Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
authors.forename: Mobing
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: Pegasus Technical Services Inc., 46 E Hollister St, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA.
authors.forename: Gulizhaer
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abulikemu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 2901 Woodside Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Campo
authors.affiliation: Pegasus Technical Services Inc., 46 E Hollister St, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA.
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Platten
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Bechtel Engineering Bldg, 3rd Flr., Room 308M, P.O. Box: 11-0236, Riad El Solh 1107 2020, Beirut, Lebanon. Electronic address: msuidan@aub.edu.lb.
authors.forename: Makram T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Suidan
authors.affiliation: US. Environmental Protection Agency, NRMRL, 26 W MLK Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
authors.forename: Albert D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Venosa
authors.affiliation: US. Environmental Protection Agency, NRMRL, 26 W MLK Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
authors.forename: Robyn N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Conmy
mesh_terms: D000473:Alkanes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental / Q000187:drug effects; D008145:Louisiana; D010578:Petroleum / Q000032:analysis*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000473:Alkanes; D010578:Petroleum; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D013501:Surface-Active Agents
keywords: Biodegradation; Corexit 9500; Crude oil; Dispersants; JD-2000; Surfactant