title: Identification of B-type procyanidins in Fallopia spp. involved in biological denitrification inhibition.
abstract: Nitrogen (N) is considered as a main limiting factor in plant growth, and nitrogen losses through denitrification can be responsible for severe decreases in plant productivity. Recently, it was demonstrated that Fallopia spp. is responsible for biological denitrification inhibition (BDI) through the release of unknown secondary metabolites. Here, we investigate the secondary metabolites involved in the BDI of Fallopia spp. The antioxidant, protein precipitation capability of Fallopia spp. extracts was measured in relation to the aerobic respiration and denitrification of two bacteria (Gram positive and Gram negative). Proanthocyanidin concentrations were estimated. Proanthocyanidins in extracts were characterized by chromatographic analysis, purified and tested on the bacterial denitrification and aerobic respiration of two bacterial strains. The effect of commercial procyanidins on denitrification was tested on two different soil types. Denitrification and aerobic respiration inhibition were correlated with protein precipitation capacity and concentration of proanthocyanidins but not to antioxidant capacity. These proanthocyanidins were B-type procyanidins that inhibited denitrification more than the aerobic respiration of bacteria. In addition, procyanidins also inhibited soil microbial denitrification. We demonstrate that procyanidins are involved in the BDI of Fallopia spp. Our results pave the way to a better understanding of plant-microbe interactions and highlight future applications for a more sustainable agriculture.
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, UMR 5557 LEM, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA USC 1364, F-69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.|Université de Lyon, UMR5023 LEHNA, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, F-69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Clément
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bardon
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, UMR5023 LEHNA, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, F-69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Piola
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, UMR 5557 LEM, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA USC 1364, F-69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Feth el Zahar
authors.initials: Fel Z
authors.lastname: Haichar
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, UMR 5557 LEM, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA USC 1364, F-69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meiffren
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, UMR 5557 LEM, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA USC 1364, F-69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Comte
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, UMR 5557 LEM, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA USC 1364, F-69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Missery
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, UMR5023 LEHNA, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, F-69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Manon
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balby
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, UMR 5557 LEM, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA USC 1364, F-69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Poly
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000502:physiology; D044946:Biflavonoids / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002392:Catechin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D058440:Denitrification / Q000502:physiology*; D000069263:Fallopia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D044946:Biflavonoids; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D012987:Soil; C479578:procyanidin B; D002392:Catechin; D009584:Nitrogen