title: Connectivity-based parcellation: Critique and implications.
abstract: Regional specialization and functional integration are often viewed as two fundamental principles of human brain organization. They are closely intertwined because each functionally specialized brain region is probably characterized by a distinct set of long-range connections. This notion has prompted the quickly developing family of connectivity-based parcellation (CBP) methods in neuroimaging research. CBP assumes that there is a latent structure of parcels in a region of interest (ROI). First, connectivity strengths are computed to other parts of the brain for each voxel/vertex within the ROI. These features are then used to identify functionally distinct groups of ROI voxels/vertices. CBP enjoys increasing popularity for the in-vivo mapping of regional specialization in the human brain. Due to the requirements of different applications and datasets, CBP has diverged into a heterogeneous family of methods. This broad overview critically discusses the current state as well as the commonalities and idiosyncrasies of the main CBP methods. We target frequent concerns faced by novices and veterans to provide a reference for the investigation and review of CBP studies.
authors.affiliation: Institut Für Neurowissenschaften Und Medizin (INM-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany.|Institut Für Klinische Neurowissenschaften Und Medizinische Psychologie, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany.
authors.forename: Simon B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Eickhoff
authors.affiliation: Parietal Team, INRIA, Neurospin, Bat 145, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thirion
authors.affiliation: Parietal Team, INRIA, Neurospin, Bat 145, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Gaël
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Varoquaux
authors.affiliation: Institut Für Neurowissenschaften Und Medizin (INM-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany.|Institut Für Klinische Neurowissenschaften Und Medizinische Psychologie, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany.|Parietal Team, INRIA, Neurospin, Bat 145, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.|Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Uniklinik RWTH, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Danilo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bzdok
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D006801:Humans; D059906:Neuroimaging
keywords: brain parcellation; clustering; data-driven; diffusion MRI; double dipping; resting-state correlations; statistical inference; statistical learning