title: The effect of grape seed and grape marc meal extract on milk performance and the expression of genes of endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in the liver of dairy cows in early lactation.
abstract: During the periparturient phase, cows are typically in an inflammation-like condition, and it has been suggested that inflammation associated with the development of stress of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the liver contributes to the development of fatty liver syndrome and ketosis. In the present study, we investigated the hypothesis that feeding grape seed and grape marc meal extract (GSGME) as a plant extract rich in flavonoids attenuates inflammation and ER stress in the liver of dairy cows. Two groups of cows received either a total mixed ration as a control diet or the same total mixed ration supplemented with 1% of GSGME over the period from wk 3 prepartum to wk 9 postpartum. Dry matter intake during wk 3 to 9 postpartum was not different between the 2 groups. However, the cows fed the diet supplemented with GSGME had an increased milk yield and an increased daily milk protein yield. Cows supplemented with GSGME moreover had a significantly reduced mRNA abundancy of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21, a stress hormone induced by various stress conditions, in the liver in wk 1 and 3 postpartum. In contrast, mRNA abundances of a total of 3 genes involved in inflammation and 14 genes involved in ER stress response, as well as concentrations of triacylglycerols and cholesterol, in liver samples of wk 1 and 3 postpartum did not differ between the 2 groups. Overall, this study shows that supplementation of GSGME did not influence inflammation or ER stress in the liver but increased milk yield, an effect that could be due to effects on ruminal metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Gessner
authors.affiliation: Educational and Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, Hofgut Neumuehle, 67728 Muenchweiler an der Alsenz, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.affiliation: Educational and Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, Hofgut Neumuehle, 67728 Muenchweiler an der Alsenz, Germany.
authors.forename: F-J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Romberg
authors.affiliation: Department Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, 55411 Bingen am Rhein, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.affiliation: Department Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, 55411 Bingen am Rhein, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dusel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding II, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Herzog
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Most
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany. Electronic address: klaus.eder@ernaehrung.uni-giessen.de.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006520:Hepatitis, Animal / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D008892:Milk; D036801:Parturition / Q000502:physiology; D012639:Seeds; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D056604:Grape Seed Extract; D008055:Lipids
keywords: dairy cow; grape seed and grape marc meal extract; inflammation; liver