title: Contrast enhanced ultrasonography of kidney in conscious and anesthetized beagle dogs.
abstract: Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is useful to evaluate tissue perfusion in the kidney. In veterinary medicine, sedation or anesthesia may be required in uncooperative or panting patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the normal kidney perfusion patterns in conscious and anesthetized dogs using CEUS. Eight healthy beagles were used in this study. Scanning was performed in conscious dogs using manual restraint (conscious group), or under general anesthesia using tiletamine-zolazepam and medetomidine (TZM group) or medetomidine (M group). The contrast agent (Sonovue(®)) was administered as an IV bolus. The peak intensity (PI), time to peak enhancement from injection (TTP0) and the time to peak enhancement from the initial rise (TTPup), upslope, downslope and area under the curve (AUC) were analyzed. Compared to the cortical values in the conscious group, TTP0 was significantly delayed in the TZM group, and upslope, TTP0 and TTPup were significantly different in the M group. The AUCs in the TZM and M groups were not different from those in the conscious group. The upslope of renal medullary perfusion was significantly decreased in the TZM and M groups. TTP0 and TTPup were also significantly delayed in these groups. The AUC of the medulla was significantly decreased in the M group. Therefore, TZM is useful as an anesthetic protocol when performing CEUS, and the obtained data may serve as reference values in the evaluation of renal perfusion using CEUS in dogs under anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea.
authors.forename: Soo-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Woo-Chang
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Young-Won
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ho-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media; D004285:Dogs / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media