title: Computational Lexical Analysis of the Language Commonly Used to Describe Gout.
abstract: To characterize the current language that is used in describing and defining gout, its symptoms, and its treatment by reviewing recent publications in rheumatology and determining how word choice may, or may not, be reflective of recent scientific developments in gout specifically.
  
  
  
  This was a computational linguistics study, using collocations analyses and concordance analyses on a database of scientific literature related to gout. The final data set for analysis included 2,590 articles, all relating to gout and published between May 2003 and May 2013 and amounting to 12,101,036 tokens (sentence segments). Analysis was conducted by a team of linguists and social scientists.
  
  
  
  Our primary finding is that current disease language in gout is marked by ambiguity and imprecision, as evidenced by numerous terms that have similar but distinct meanings, but are nevertheless used interchangeably, therefore blending the slight but significant distinctions between these words. Whereas treatment language is characterized by a multitude of terms to describe a therapeutic mechanism of action, there is a relative void of terms and phrases used to describe success (treating to target) in gout.
  
  
  
  The data suggest that the language used to describe gout could be improved and updated. A transformation from an antiquated and insufficiently descript terminological set to one that reflects the recent scientific and clinical advancements made in the category would maximize opportunities for patient and physician understanding.
authors.affiliation: University of Florida, Gainesville.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lawrence Edwards
authors.affiliation: San Diego State University, San Diego, California.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malouf
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Baracaldo, Vizcaya, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Perez-Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, and Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Richette
authors.affiliation: AstraZeneca UK, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England.
authors.forename: Siobhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Southam
authors.affiliation: Ogilvy CommonHealth Behavioral Insights, Parsippany, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: DiChiara
mesh_terms: D006073:Gout; D006801:Humans; D008037:Linguistics / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D009626:Terminology as Topic