title: Factors associated with recognition of the signs of dating violence by Japanese junior high school students.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated factors associated with the ability of Japanese junior high school students to recognize the signs of dating violence.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a period of 20 months (from June 2011 to January 2013), a survey was distributed to 3340 students aged 13-15 years in the second and third grades at 18 junior high schools in a Japanese prefecture. The survey examined gender, recognition of the signs of dating violence, knowledge of dating violence, self-esteem, attitudes toward sexual activity, attitudes toward an equal dating relationship, and relationships with school teachers. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of the ability of boys and girls respondents to recognize the signs of physical and psychological dating violence. Binary multiple logistic regression analysis was also performed to identify predictors of the ability of boys and girls respondents to recognize the sign of sexual dating violence. The Ethics Committee of Saga University Medical School approved the study protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 3050 (91.3%) students participated in this study (1547 boys and 1503 girls). Gender differences were noted with regard to the scores for some of the variables measured. The results indicated that boys who had more knowledge of dating violence, who focused on an equal dating relationship, and had a positive relationship with their teachers showed a greater ability to recognize the signs of dating violence. In addition, boys with a conservative attitude toward sexual activity showed a greater ability to recognize the signs of physical and sexual violence. Furthermore, girls with more knowledge of dating violence had a conservative attitude toward sexual activity, and girls who focused on an equal dating relationship showed greater ability to recognize the signs of dating violence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that education programs to prevent dating violence should promote understanding about dating violence with consideration of gender differences and should foster better relations between students and teachers, as well as promoting the establishment of an equal dating relationship between boys and girls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan. nagamatm@cc.saga-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagamatsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Junshin Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.affiliation: Saga Prefectural Center for General Countermeasure, Against Domestic Violence, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D000066511:Intimate Partner Violence; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Adolescents; Dating violence; Knowledge; Recognition; Relationship