title: Egg Consumption and Human Cardio-Metabolic Health in People with and without Diabetes.
abstract: The guidelines for dietary cholesterol and/or egg intake for both the general population and those at higher risk of cardiovascular disease (for example, people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)) differ between countries, and even for different specialist societies in a country. The disparity between these guidelines is at least in part related to the conflicting evidence as to the effects of eggs in the general population and in those with T2DM. This review addresses the effect of eggs on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk from both epidemiological research and controlled prospective studies, in people with and without cardio-metabolic disease. It also examines the nutritional qualities of eggs and whether they may offer protection against chronic disease. The evidence suggests that a diet including more eggs than is recommended (at least in some countries) may be used safely as part of a healthy diet in both the general population and for those at high risk of cardiovascular disease, those with established coronary heart disease, and those with T2DM. In conclusion, an approach focused on a person's entire dietary intake as opposed to specific foods or nutrients should be the heart of population nutrition guidelines.
authors.affiliation: The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. nick.fuller@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Nicholas R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.affiliation: The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. amanda.salis@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sainsbury
authors.affiliation: The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. ian.caterson@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Ian D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Caterson
authors.affiliation: The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. tania.markovic@bigpond.com.
authors.forename: Tania P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Markovic
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000592:standards; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards; D004531:Eggs / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D009753:Nutritive Value; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D064167:Recommended Dietary Allowances; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary
keywords: cardiovascular disease; dietary cholesterol; eggs; type 2 diabetes mellitus