title: Anti-inflammatory Diets.
abstract: Chronic disease is driven by inflammation. This article will provide an overview on how the balance of macronutrients and omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids in the diet can alter the expression of inflammatory genes. In particular, how the balance of the protein to glycemic load of a meal can alter the generation of insulin and glucagon and the how the balance of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids can effect eicosanoid formation. Clinical results on the reduction of inflammation following anti-inflammatory diets are discussed as well as the molecular targets of anti-inflammatory nutrition. To overcome silent inflammation requires an anti-inflammatory diet (with omega-3s and polyphenols, in particular those of Maqui). The most important aspect of such an anti-inflammatory diet is the stabilization of insulin and reduced intake of omega-6 fatty acids. The ultimate treatment lies in reestablishing hormonal and genetic balance to generate satiety instead of constant hunger. Anti-inflammatory nutrition, balanced 40:30:30 with caloric restriction, should be considered as a form of gene silencing technology, in particular the silencing of the genes involved in the generation of silent inflammation. To this anti-inflammatory diet foundation supplemental omega-3 fatty acids at the level of 2-3 g of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) per day should be added. Finally, a diet rich in colorful, nonstarchy vegetables would contribute adequate amounts of polyphenols to help not only to inhibit nuclear factor (NF)-κB (primary molecular target of inflammation) but also activate AMP kinase. Understanding the impact of an anti-inflammatory diet on silent inflammation can elevate the diet from simply a source of calories to being on the cutting edge of gene-silencing technology.
authors.affiliation: a Inflammation Research Foundation , Marblehead , Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sears
mesh_terms: D000263:Adenylate Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000628:therapy; D004032:Diet / Q000379:methods*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015777:Eicosanoids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005934:Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015777:Eicosanoids; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D007328:Insulin; D016328:NF-kappa B; D005934:Glucagon; D000263:Adenylate Kinase
keywords: AA/EPA ratio; HbA1c; TG/HDL ratio; anti-inflammatory diet; metabolic syndrome; omega-3 fatty acids; polyphenols