title: Regional contribution to PM1 pollution during winter haze in Yangtze River Delta, China.
abstract: To quantify regional sources contributing to submicron particulate matter (PM1) pollution in haze episodes, on-line measurements combining two modeling methods, namely, positive matrix factorization (PMF) and backward Lagrangian particle dispersion modeling (LPDM), were conducted for the period of one month in urban Nanjing, a city located in the western part of Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region of China. Several multi-day haze episodes were observed in December 2013. Long-range transport of biomass burning from the southwestern YRD region largely contributed to PM1 pollution with more than 25% of total organics mass in a lasting heavy haze. The LPDM analysis indicates that regional transport is a main source contributing to secondary low-volatility production. The high-potential source regions of secondary low-volatility production are mainly located in areas to the northeast of the city. High aerosol pollution was mainly contributed by regional transport associated with northeastern air masses. Such regional transport on average accounts for 46% of total NR-PM1 with sulfate and aged low-volatility organics being the largest fractions (>65%).
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing 210036, China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China. Electronic address: hongxiayu01@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Hongxia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Institute for Climate and Global Change Research and School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
authors.forename: Aijun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing 210036, China.
authors.forename: Yunjiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing 210036, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
authors.forename: Zhuang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
authors.forename: Wentai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing 210036, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing 210036, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D045483:Rivers; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Components; Haze; Regional source; Submicron particulate matter; Yangtze River Delta