title: Expression of CCK Receptors in Carcinoma Gallbladder and Cholelithiasis: A Pilot Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) receptors are trophic for various gastrointestinal malignancies. Their role in gallbladder cancer has not been widely studied.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify expression of CCK-A and CCK-B receptors in the tissue and blood of patients suffering from carcinoma (CA) gallbladder and gallstone disease and to compare expression of CCK A and B receptors in the gall bladder tissue and blood of healthy individuals and patients of CA gallbladder, and gallstone diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty nine subjects of both genders were recruited, comprising of 22 patients of CA gall bladder, 19 cases of cholelithiasis and, 8 normal gallbladders obtained from patients operated for trauma of the biliary system or Whipple's procedure. RNA extraction and cDNA formation for CCK-A and CCK-B receptors were carried out. Real Time PCR was performed on cDNA and threshold cycle (Ct) value of each sample was obtained and ΔCt was calculated. Chi-square test for comparing two groups and ANOVA test for comparing multiple groups were applied and if p<0.05 then Dunnett-C test was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both CCK-A and CCK-B receptors were expressed irrespective of its origin in all tissues and blood samples studied; be it normal, Cholelithiasis or CA gallbladder and there was no difference among them (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary study showed higher expression of CCK-A receptors in patients of cholelithiasis and decreased expression of CCK-A receptors in patients of CA gallbladder as compared to normal gallbladder although it did not rise to statistical significance.
authors.affiliation: Trainee, Department of Urology, Presently at Regional Institute of Medical Sciences , Imphal, Manipur, India .
authors.forename: Mohammad Shazib
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Faridi
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Surgery, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital , Lucknow, U.P, India .
authors.forename: Mahabir Saran Das
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Jaiswal
authors.affiliation: Scientist, Petroleum Toxicology Division, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research , Lucknow, U.P, India .
authors.forename: Sudhir K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Goel
keywords: Cholecystokinin receptor; Gastrointestinal malignancies