title: Ginkgolide C Suppresses Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes via the AMPK Signaling Pathway.
abstract: Ginkgolide C, isolated from Ginkgo biloba leaves, is a diterpene lactone derivative [corrected] reported to have multiple biological functions, from decreased platelet aggregation to ameliorating Alzheimer disease. The study aim was to evaluate the antiadipogenic effect of ginkgolide C in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Ginkgolide C was used to treat differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Cell supernatant was collected to assay glycerol release, and cells were lysed to measure protein and gene expression related to adipogenesis and lipolysis by western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. Ginkgolide C significantly suppressed lipid accumulation in differentiated adipocytes. It also decreased adipogenesis-related transcription factor expression, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein. Furthermore, ginkgolide C enhanced adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase production for lipolysis and increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), resulting in decreased activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase for fatty acid synthesis. In coculture with an AMPK inhibitor (compound C), ginkgolide C also improved activation of sirtuin 1 and phosphorylation of AMPK in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. The results suggest that ginkgolide C is an effective flavone for increasing lipolysis and inhibiting adipogenesis in adipocytes through the activated AMPK pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, 261 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chian-Jiun
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Liou
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, 261 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Xuan-Yu
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, 261 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ya-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ciao-Han
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan ; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Chung
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Huang