title: Functional MRI, resting state fMRI, and DTI for predicting verbal fluency outcome following resective surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Predicting cognitive function following resective surgery remains an important clinical goal. Each MRI neuroimaging technique can potentially provide unique and distinct insight into changes that occur in the structural or functional organization of "at-risk" cognitive functions. The authors tested for the singular and combined power of 3 imaging techniques (functional MRI [fMRI], resting state fMRI, diffusion tensor imaging) to predict cognitive outcome following left (dominant) anterior temporal lobectomy for intractable epilepsy. METHODS; The authors calculated the degree of deviation from normal, determined the rate of change in this measure across the pre- and postsurgical imaging sessions, and then compared these measures for their ability to predict verbal fluency changes following surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data show that the 3 neuroimaging techniques, in a combined model, can reliably predict cognitive outcome following anterior temporal lobectomy for medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that these 3 imaging modalities can be used effectively, in an additive fashion, to predict functional reorganization and cognitive outcome following anterior temporal lobectomy.
authors.affiliation: Departments of 1 Neurology and.|Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Karol
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Osipowicz
authors.affiliation: Departments of 1 Neurology and.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sperling
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University/Sidney Kimmel Medical College; and.
authors.forename: Ashwini D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Sharan
authors.affiliation: Departments of 1 Neurology and.
authors.forename: Joseph I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Tracy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D038481:Anterior Temporal Lobectomy / Q000379:methods; D003071:Cognition; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D000069279:Drug Resistant Epilepsy / Q000601:surgery; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000523:psychology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012146:Rest; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014705:Verbal Behavior; D066127:White Matter / Q000601:surgery
keywords: ATL = anterior temporal lobectomy; DTI = diffusion tensor imaging; RCI = Reliable Change Index; TLE = temporal lobe epilepsy; epilepsy; fMRI; fMRI = functional MRI; functional connectivity; functional neurosurgery; rsfMRI = resting state fMRI; temporal lobe surgery; white matter connectivity