title: Typhoid transmission: a historical perspective on mathematical model development.
abstract: Mathematical models of typhoid transmission were first developed nearly half a century ago. To facilitate a better understanding of the historical development of this field, we reviewed mathematical models of typhoid and summarized their structures and limitations. Eleven models, published in 1971 to 2014, were reviewed. While models of typhoid vaccination are well developed, we highlight the need to better incorporate water, sanitation and hygiene interventions into models of typhoid and other foodborne and waterborne diseases. Mathematical modeling is a powerful tool to test and compare different intervention strategies which is important in the world of limited resources. By working collaboratively, epidemiologists and mathematicians should build better mathematical models of typhoid transmission, including pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions, which will be useful in epidemiological and public health practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Iurii
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bakach
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Just
authors.affiliation: Epidemiological Modelling Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gambhir
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, P.O. Box 8015, Statesboro 30460-8015, Georgia, USA cfung@georgiasouthern.edu.
authors.forename: Isaac Chun-Hai
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Fung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene / Q000592:standards*; D007114:Immunization; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D012499:Sanitation / Q000266:history / Q000592:standards*; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000266:history / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D014436:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000266:history; D014881:Water Supply / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D014436:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines
keywords: Carrier state; Epidemiology; Sanitation; Theoretical models; Typhoid fever; Vaccines