title: Using internet-based approaches to collect qualitative data from vulnerable groups: reflections from the field.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Undertaking qualitative research with vulnerable populations is a complex and challenging process for researchers. Traditional and common modes of collecting qualitative data with these groups have been via face-to-face recorded interviews.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article reports on three internet-based data collection methods; email and synchronous online interviews, as well as online qualitative survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The key characteristics of using email, sychronous online interviews and an online qualitative survey including the strengths and limitations of each are presented. Reflections and insights on the use of these internet-based data collection methods are provided to encourage researchers to embrace technology and move away from using traditional face-to-face interviews when researching with vulnerable populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using the internet to collect qualitative data offers additional ways to gather qualitative data over traditional data collection methods. The use of alternative interview methods may encourage participation of vulnerable participants.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nursing , Auckland University of Technology , Private Bag 92006, Auckland , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neville
authors.affiliation: b SHORE and Whariki Research Centre , Massey University , Albany Campus, Auckland , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Jeffery
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: c School of Nursing , Massey University , Albany Campus, Auckland , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cook
mesh_terms: D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods*; D034742:Electronic Mail; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D015399:Nursing Research / Q000379:methods*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D035862:Vulnerable Populations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: internet; marginalised groups; nursing; online research methods; vulnerable populations