title: Probing the influential factors of NMR T1-T2 spectra in the characterization of the kerogen by numerical simulation.
abstract: The low field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been widely used to characterize the longitudinal and transversal relaxation (T1-T2) spectrum of unconventional resources such as shale gas and tight oil containing significant proportions of kerogen and bitumen. However, it requires exquisite design of the acquisition model and the inversion algorithm due to the fast relaxation nature of the kerogen and bitumen. A new direct two dimensional (2D) inversion algorithm combined the iterative truncated singular value decomposition (TSVD) and the Akaiake Information Criterion (AIC) is presented to perform the data inversion efficiently. The fluid component decomposition (FCD) is applied to construct the forward T1-T2 model of the kerogen, and numerical simulations are conducted to investigate factors which may influence inversion results including echo spacing, recovery time series, signal to noise ratio (SNR), and the maximal iteration time. Results show that the T2 component is heavily impaired by the echo spacing, whereas the T1 component is influenced by the recovery time series but with limited effects. The inversion precision is greatly affected by the quality of the data. The inversed spectrum deviates from the model seriously when the SNR of the artificial noise is lower than 50, and the T2 component is more sensitive to the noise than the T1 component. What's more, the maximal iteration time can also affect the inversion result, especially when the maximal iteration time is smaller than 500. Proper acquisition and inversion parameters for the characterization of the kerogen are obtained considering the precision and the computational cost.
authors.affiliation: School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China; CNPC Key Well Logging Laboratory in China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China. Electronic address: gexinmin2002@163.com.
authors.forename: Xinmin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China; CNPC Key Well Logging Laboratory in China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Yiren
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China; CNPC Key Well Logging Laboratory in China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Shaogui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Yingchang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Muhammad Aleem
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zahid
keywords: Echo spacing; Inversion algorithm; Kerogen; Maximal iteration time; Recovery time series; SNR; T(1)–T(2) spectrum