title: Probing Bio-Nano Interactions between Blood Proteins and Monolayer-Stabilized Graphene Sheets.
abstract: Meeting proteins is regarded as the starting event for nanostructures to enter biological systems. Understanding their interactions is thus essential for a newly emerging field, nanomedicine. Chemically converted graphene (CCG) is a wonderful two-dimensional (2D) material for nanomedicine, but its stability in biological environments is limited. Systematic probing on the binding of proteins to CCG is currently lacking. Herein, we report a comprehensive study on the interactions between blood proteins and stabilized CCG (sCCG). CCG nanosheets are functionalized by monolayers of perylene leading to significant improvement in their resistance to electrolyte salts and long-term stability, but retain their core structural characteristics. Five types of model human blood proteins including human fibrinogen, γ-globulin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), insulin, and histone are tested. The main driving forces for blood protein binding involve the π-π interacations between the π-plane of sCCG and surface aromatic amonic acid (sAA) residues of proteins. Several key binding parameters including the binding amount, Hill coefficient, and binding constant are determined. Through a detailed analysis of key controlling factors, we conclude that the protein binding to sCCG is determined mainly by the protein size, the number, and the density of the sAA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.|Engineering Laboratory for Modern Analytical Techniques c/o State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Shiyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: Engineering Laboratory for Modern Analytical Techniques c/o State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Lijie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Engineering Laboratory for Modern Analytical Techniques c/o State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Dongxue
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Engineering Laboratory for Modern Analytical Techniques c/o State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Qijin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chi
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001665:Binding Sites; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011485:Protein Binding; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001798:Blood Proteins; D006108:Graphite
keywords: blood proteins; chemically converted graphene; graphene nanochemistry; nanomedicine; perylene