title: Aqueous Solution-Phase Selenized CuIn(S,Se)2 Thin Film Solar Cells Annealed under Inert Atmosphere.
abstract: A nonvacuum solution-based approach can potentially be used to realize low cost, roll-to-roll fabrication of chalcopyrite CuIn(S,Se)2 (CISSe) thin film solar cells. However, most solution-based fabrication methods involve highly toxic solvents and inevitably require sulfurization and/or postselenization with hazardous H2S/H2Se gases. Herein, we introduce novel aqueous-based Cu-In-S and Se inks that contain an amine additive for producing a high-quality absorber layer. CISSe films were fabricated by simple deposition of Cu-In-S ink and Se ink followed by annealing under an inert atmosphere. Compositional and phase analyses confirmed that our simple aqueous ink-based method facilitated in-site selenization of the CIS layer. In addition, we investigated the molecular structures of our aqueous inks to determine how crystalline chalcopyrite absorber layers developed without sulfurization and/or postselenization. CISSe thin film solar cells annealed at 550 °C exhibited an efficiency of 4.55% under AM 1.5 illumination. The low-cost, nonvacuum method to deposit chalcopyrite absorber layers described here allows for safe and simple processing of thin film solar cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yunjung
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Wooseok
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jimin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials , 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoohee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jooho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moon
keywords: CISSe thin film solar cell; complexing agent; inert atmosphere annealing; solution processing; solution-phase selenization