title: Nonlocal Response and Anamorphosis: The Case of Few-Layer Black Phosphorus.
abstract: Few-layer black phosphorus was recently rediscovered as a narrow-bandgap atomically thin semiconductor, attracting unprecedented attention due to its interesting properties. One feature of this material that sets it apart from other atomically thin crystals is its structural in-plane anisotropy which manifests in strongly anisotropic transport characteristics. However, traditional angle-resolved conductance measurements present a challenge for nanoscale systems, calling for new approaches in precision studies of transport anisotropy. Here, we show that the nonlocal response, being exponentially sensitive to the anisotropy value, provides a powerful tool for determining the anisotropy in black phosphorus. This is established by combining measurements of the orientation-dependent nonlocal resistance response with the analysis based on the anamorphosis relations. We demonstrate that the nonlocal response can differ by orders of magnitude for different crystallographic directions even when the anisotropy is at most order-one, allowing us to extract accurate anisotropy values.
authors.affiliation: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mishchenko
authors.affiliation: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.|Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.affiliation: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.|Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Gorbachev
authors.affiliation: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Novoselov
authors.affiliation: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.|Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Geim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Levitov
keywords: anamorphosis; black phosphorus; conductance anisotropy; nonlocal transport; phosphorene