title: In vitro human chondrocyte culture on plasma-treated poly(glycerol sebacate) scaffolds.
abstract: Porous poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) scaffolds were prepared using a salt leaching technique and subsequently surface modified by a low oxygen plasma treatment prior to the use in the in vitro culture of human chondrocytes. Condensation polymerization of glycerol and sebacic acid used at various mole ratios, i.e. 1:1, 1:1.25, and 1:1.5, was initially conducted to prepare PGS prepolymers. Porous elastomeric PGS scaffolds were directly fabricated from the mixtures of each prepolymer and 90% (w/w) NaCl particles and then subjected to the plasma treatment to enhance the surface hydrophilicity of the materials. The properties of both untreated and plasma-treated PGS scaffolds were comparatively evaluated, in terms of surface morphology, surface chemical composition, porosity, and storage modulus using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, micro-computed tomography, and dynamic mechanical analysis, respectively. The responses of chondrocytes cultured on individual PGS scaffolds were assessed, in terms of cell proliferation and ECM production. The results revealed that average pore sizes and porosity of the scaffolds were increased with an increasing sebacic acid concentration used. The storage moduli of the scaffolds were raised after the plasma treatment, possibly due to the further crosslinking of PGS upon treatment. Moreover, the scaffold prepared with a higher sebacic acid content demonstrated a greater capability of promoting cell infiltration, proliferation, and ECM production, especially when it was plasma-treated; the greatest HA, sGAG, uronic acid, and collagen contents were detected in matrix of this scaffold. The H & E and safranin O staining results also strongly supported this finding. The storage modulus of the scaffold was intensified after incubation with the chondrocytes for 21 days, indicating the accretion and retention of matrix ECM on the cell-cultured scaffold.
authors.affiliation: a National Metal and Materials Technology Center , Pathumthani , Thailand.
authors.forename: Tharinee
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Theerathanagorn
authors.affiliation: b Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Chiang Mai University , Thailand.
authors.forename: Jeerawan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klangjorhor
authors.affiliation: a National Metal and Materials Technology Center , Pathumthani , Thailand.
authors.forename: Morakot
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakulsombat
authors.affiliation: b Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Chiang Mai University , Thailand.
authors.forename: Peraphan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pothacharoen
authors.affiliation: c Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine , Chiang Mai University , Thailand.
authors.forename: Dumnoensun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pruksakorn
authors.affiliation: b Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Chiang Mai University , Thailand.
authors.forename: Prachya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kongtawelert
authors.affiliation: a National Metal and Materials Technology Center , Pathumthani , Thailand.
authors.forename: Wanida
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Janvikul
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D003651:Decanoates / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D005990:Glycerol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D013499:Surface Properties; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D055682:Viscoelastic Substances / Q000737:chemistry; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003651:Decanoates; D011108:Polymers; D055682:Viscoelastic Substances; C469892:poly(glycerol-sebacate); D004247:DNA; D005990:Glycerol
keywords: human chondrocytes; plasma; poly(glycerol sebacate); scaffolds