title: The Application of Kidney Injury Molecule-1 to Determine the Duration Between Shockwave Lithotripsy Sessions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to evaluate the role of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in determining the intervals between shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) sessions.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, controlled study. It included 40 patients with unilateral kidney stones and 40 healthy persons of a similar age group as controls. The patients' midflow urine samples were collected before SWL and 1 hour, 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age in the SWL and control groups was 45 ± 14 and 39 ± 15 years, respectively (P = 0.336). The average KIM-1 value before SWL was 0.74 ± 0.35 ng/mL, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (0.51 ± 0.14 ng/mL) (P < 0.001). Similarly, the average values of the urine samples after SWL were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.001). When the KIM-1 values of the patients given SWL were compared within the group, the KIM-1 values 1 hour (1.06 ± 0.51) and 1 day (0.99 ± 0.67) after the procedure were statistically clearly higher than those before the procedure (P < 0.001) and statistically clearly higher than those of the control group (P = 0.005). The KIM-1 values 1 week and 1 month after the procedure were not significantly different than the preprocedure values (P = 0.652 and P = 0.747, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  KIM-1 is a noninvasive biomarker that may be used to show renal damage because of stones and early-stage renal damage linked to SWL. In addition, post-SWL KIM-1 values may be used to determine the interval between SWL sessions.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University , Rize, Turkey .
authors.forename: Hasan R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Urology, Samsun Training and Research Hospital , Samsun, Turkey .
authors.forename: Lokman
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Irkilata
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Urology, Samsun Training and Research Hospital , Samsun, Turkey .
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Urology, Dicle University , Diyarbakir, Turkey .
authors.forename: Mansur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daggulli
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Microbiology, Samsun Training and Research Hospital , Samsun, Turkey .
authors.forename: Mehmet H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Taskin
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Urology, Samsun Training and Research Hospital , Samsun, Turkey .
authors.forename: Huseyin C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Demirel
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Urology, Ataturk University , Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Senol
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adanur
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Urology, Samsun Training and Research Hospital , Samsun, Turkey .
authors.forename: Caner
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moral
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Urology, Samsun Training and Research Hospital , Samsun, Turkey .
authors.forename: Mustafa K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Atilla
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Urology, Dicle University , Diyarbakir, Turkey .
authors.forename: Ahmet A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sancaktutar
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000652:urine*; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000628:therapy / Q000652:urine*; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000652:urine*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C491143:HAVCR1 protein, human; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011991:Receptors, Virus