title: Sleep Duration and Academic Performance Among Student Pharmacists.
abstract: To identify sleep patterns and frequency of daytime sleepiness and to assess the association between sleep duration and academic performance among student pharmacists.
  
  
  
  A cross-sectional design was used. An anonymous self-administered paper questionnaire was administered to first-year through third-year students at a pharmacy school.
  
  
  
  Questionnaires were completed by 364 student pharmacists (79.4% response rate and 93.8% cooperation rate). More than half of student pharmacists obtained less than 7 hours of sleep at night during a typical school week (54.7%) and a large majority on the night prior to an examination (81.7%). Almost half (47.8%) felt daytime sleepiness almost every day. Longer sleep duration the night prior to an examination was associated with higher course grades and semester grade point averages (GPAs).
  
  
  
  A majority of student pharmacists had suboptimal durations of sleep, defined as fewer than 7 hours. Adequate sleep the night prior to an examination was positively associated with student course grades and semester GPAs.
authors.affiliation: Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn, Alabama.
authors.forename: Megan L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Zeek
authors.affiliation: Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn, Alabama.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Savoie
authors.affiliation: Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn, Alabama.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn, Alabama.
authors.forename: Leanna M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Kennemur
authors.affiliation: Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn, Alabama.
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn, Alabama.
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Jungnickel
authors.affiliation: Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn, Alabama.
authors.forename: Salisa C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Westrick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012890:Sleep; D013339:Students, Pharmacy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: academic performance; grade; pharmacy; sleep; students