title: Analysis of denosumab on skeletal-related events in patients with advanced breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bisphosphonates, which are also known as osteoclast modifiers, are the standard of care in the treatment of skeletal-related events (SREs) in patients with breast cancer with metastatic bone disease. SREs are frequently a complication of advanced breast cancer, and they greatly increase morbidity and mortality in these patients. Unfortunately, even while undergoing bisphosphonate therapy, many patients experience SREs. In 2010, a fully human monoclonal antibody, denosumab (Xgeva®), was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as another option to treat SREs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This article analyzes four primary human research studies looking at the effectiveness and safety of denosumab as compared to bisphosphonates in the prevention of SREs in this vulnerable population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles published from 2006-2012 were located and reviewed through online database searches (CINAHL®, MEDLINE®, PubMed Plus) using the key words denosumab, skeletal-related event, breast cancer, metastases, and bisphosphonates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Studies reviewed showed comparative adverse events and safety profile between denosumab and bisphosphonates. However, denosumab was shown to have increased effectiveness in the prevention of SREs. This knowledge can influence the preventive measures taken by physicians and advanced practice nurses to improve the prevention of SREs in patients with metastatic breast cancer. It can also increase staff nurse knowledge and implementation of evidence-based practice.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia.
authors.forename: Kristen F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Bink
mesh_terms: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D000069448:Denosumab / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D000069448:Denosumab
keywords: bisphosphonates; breast cancer; denosumab; metastases; skeletal-related event