title: Novel Type XII Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Harboring a New Cassette Chromosome Recombinase, CcrC2.
abstract: Excision and integration of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) are mediated by cassette chromosome recombinases (Ccr), which play a crucial role in the worldwide spread of methicillin resistance in staphylococci. We report a novel ccr gene, ccrC2, in the SCCmec of a Staphylococcus aureus isolate, BA01611, which showed 62.6% to 69.4% sequence identities to all published ccrC1 sequences. A further survey found that the ccrC2 gene was mainly located among coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and could be found in staphylococcal isolates from China, the United States, France, and Germany. The ccr gene complex harboring the ccrC2 gene was designated a type 9 complex, and the SCCmec of BA01611 was considered a novel type and was designated type XII (9C2). This novel SCCmec element in BA01611 was flanked by a pseudo-SCC element (ΨSCCBA01611) carrying a truncated ccrA1 gene. Both individual SCC elements and a composite SCC were excised from the chromosome based on detection of extrachromosomal circular intermediates. We advocate inclusion of the ccrC2 gene and type 9 ccr gene complex during revision of the SCCmec typing method.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhaowei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dongliang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China xuehuping@hotmail.com xin.zhao@mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: Huping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada xuehuping@hotmail.com xin.zhao@mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002876:Chromosomes, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004270:DNA, Circular / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005838:Genotype; D008413:Mastitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D008712:Methicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016106:Methicillin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology*; D045522:Recombinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004270:DNA, Circular; D045522:Recombinases; D008712:Methicillin