title: Pregnancy diet and associated outcomes in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.
abstract: All publications covering diet during pregnancy that stemmed from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children were reviewed. Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Socioeconomic background, maternal mental health, and the health and development of the offspring were assessed using a variety of methods, such as direct measurement, self-completion questionnaires, and assays of biological samples. Differences in diet, including specific food and nutrient intakes and dietary patterns, were associated with maternal educational attainment, smoking habits, and financial difficulty. There were marginal intakes, compared with recommendations, of the key nutrients iron, magnesium, potassium, and folate. Maternal diet during pregnancy was predictive of offspring diet during childhood. There were independent associations between prenatal fish consumption and lower frequency of maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as lower frequency of intrauterine growth retardation. Consistent evidence that fish consumption during pregnancy benefited the neurocognitive development of the child was also found. Two constituents of fish, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and iodine, were associated with these benefits in children. The findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children strengthen the recommendation to eat fish regularly during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: P.M. Emmett and J. Golding are with the Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. L.R. Jones is with the School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. p.m.emmett@bristol.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Pauline M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Emmett
authors.affiliation: P.M. Emmett and J. Golding are with the Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. L.R. Jones is with the School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Louise R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: P.M. Emmett and J. Golding are with the Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. L.R. Jones is with the School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Golding
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004739:England; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000453:epidemiology; D005399:Fishes; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D000068097:Maternal Health; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010290:Parents; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D017747:Seafood; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D018977:Micronutrients
keywords: ALSPAC; FFQ; childhood diet; diet during pregnancy; fish; folate; iodine; iron; magnesium; mercury; n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; neurocognitive development; potassium