title: Harnessing Next Generation Sequencing in Climate Change: RNA-Seq Analysis of Heat Stress-Responsive Genes in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
abstract: Wheat is a staple food worldwide and provides 40% of the calories in the diet. Climate change and global warming pose a threat to wheat production, however, and demand a deeper understanding of how heat stress might impact wheat production and wheat biology. However, it is difficult to identify novel heat stress associated genes when the genomic information is not available. Wheat has a very large and complex genome that is about 37 times the size of the rice genome. The present study sequenced the whole transcriptome of the wheat cv. HD2329 at the flowering stage, under control (22°±3°C) and heat stress (42°C, 2 h) conditions using Illumina HiSeq and Roche GS-FLX 454 platforms. We assembled more than 26.3 and 25.6 million high-quality reads from the control and HS-treated tissues transcriptome sequences respectively. About 76,556 (control) and 54,033 (HS-treated) contigs were assembled and annotated de novo using different assemblers and a total of 21,529 unigenes were obtained. Gene expression profile showed significant differential expression of 1525 transcripts under heat stress, of which 27 transcripts showed very high (>10) fold upregulation. Cellular processes such as metabolic processes, protein phosphorylation, oxidations-reductions, among others were highly influenced by heat stress. In summary, these observations significantly enrich the transcript dataset of wheat available on public domain and show a de novo approach to discover the heat-responsive transcripts of wheat, which can accelerate the progress of wheat stress-genomics as well as the course of wheat breeding programs in the era of climate change.
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute , New Delhi, India .
authors.forename: Ranjeet R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute , New Delhi, India .
authors.forename: Suneha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goswami
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute , New Delhi, India .
authors.forename: Sushil K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: 2 Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute , New Delhi, India .
authors.forename: Yugal K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kala
authors.affiliation: 3 Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology , Jammu, India .
authors.forename: Gyanendra K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.affiliation: 4 Centre for Agricultural Bio-Informatics (CAB-in), Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute (IASRI) , New Delhi, India .
authors.forename: Dwijesh C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: 4 Centre for Agricultural Bio-Informatics (CAB-in), Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute (IASRI) , New Delhi, India .
authors.forename: Monendra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grover
authors.forename: Gyanendra P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: 6 Division of CESCRA, Indian Agricultural Research Institute , New Delhi, India .
authors.forename: Himanshu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pathak
authors.affiliation: 4 Centre for Agricultural Bio-Informatics (CAB-in), Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute (IASRI) , New Delhi, India .
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.affiliation: 7 Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute , New Delhi, India .
authors.forename: Viswanathan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chinnusamy
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute , New Delhi, India .
authors.forename: Raj D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Rai
mesh_terms: D057231:Climate Change; D020451:Contig Mapping; D035264:Flowers / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D063990:Gene Ontology; D059646:Genome Size; D018745:Genome, Plant; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006358:Hot Temperature; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics; D059467:Transcriptome; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics*