title: In vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and phytochemical screening of Apium graveolens.
abstract: The present study evaluates the phytochemical screenings, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial assay of Apium graveolens L. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins and steroids in Apium graveolens while terpenoids was absent. The total phenolic content was slightly higher in methanolic fraction (63.46 ± 12.00 mg GAE/g) followed by ethanol (36.60 ± 12.28 mg GAE/g) and hexane fractions (34.86 ± 6.96 mg GAE/g). The flavonoid content was high in methanolic extract (56.95 ± 7.14 mg Quorcetin/g) and low level of the content was found in methylated spirit extract (29.2 ± 3.15 mg Quercitin/g). Antioxidant activity assayed by FRAP was higher in methanolic fraction (12.48 ± 1.06 mmole of FeSO₄equivalent/litre of extract) compared with other extracts. Likewise, good antimicrobial activity was measured by crude ethanol fraction against S. aureus (MIC=0.12 ± 0.03 μg/ml) and S. typhi (MIC= 0.5 ± 0.2 μg/ml). Results also that ethanolic fraction was effective against A. flavus (MIC= 05 ± 1.0 μg/ml).
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Zakir
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Uddin
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Anwar Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Shad
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Jehan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bakht
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Department, University of Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Inam
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ullah
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, KPK, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Saleem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jan
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077102:Apium / Q000737:chemistry*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols