title: Altered Protein Expression in the Ileum of Mice Associated with the Development of Chronic Infections with Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) is an intestinal trematode that has been extensively used as experimental model to investigate the factors determining the expulsion of intestinal helminths or, in contrast, the development of chronic infections. Herein, we analyze the changes in protein expression induced by E. caproni infection in ICR mice, a host of high compatibility in which the parasites develop chronic infections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To determine the changes in protein expression, a two-dimensional DIGE approach using protein extracts from the intestine of naïve and infected mice was employed; and spots showing significant differential expression were analyzed by mass spectrometry. A total of 37 spots were identified differentially expressed in infected mice (10 were found to be over-expressed and 27 down-regulated). These proteins were related to the restoration of the intestinal epithelium and the control of homeostatic dysregulation, concomitantly with mitochondrial and cytoskeletal proteins among others.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggests that changes in these processes in the ileal epithelium of ICR mice may facilitate the establishment of the parasite and the development of chronic infections. These results may serve to explain the factors determining the development of chronicity in intestinal helminth infection.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cortés
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sotillo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Antoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fried
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: J Guillermo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Esteban
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Toledo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004450:Echinostomatidae / Q000254:growth & development*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D014201:Trematode Infections / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins