title: Clinical Benefits for Older Alzheimer's Disease Patients: Okayama Late Dementia Study (OLDS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are few reports on the effects of anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) drugs on older AD patients, and possible differences based on gender in a real world setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  "Okayama Late Dementia Study (OLDS)" is a retrospective clinical cohort study focusing on older AD patients (n = 373; age≥75 years) treated with monotherapy donepezil (n = 55), galantamine (n = 222), rivastigmine (n = 63), or memantine (n = 33). The patients were evaluated as an entire group and separated by gender, using seven batteries for dementia assessment at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months of drug therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All four drugs preserved cognitive and affective functions until 12 months, except for Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) with memantine ( *p <  0.05 versus baseline). Donepezil monotherapy significantly improved Hasegawa Dementia Rating Scale-Revised (HDS-R) at 3 months ( *p <  0.05), and memantine (3 and 6 months, *p <  0.05) and rivastigmine (3 months, **p <  0.01) improved Abe's Behavior and Psychological Symptom of Dementia Score (ABS), respectively. Activities of daily living (ADL) became significantly worse with galantamine at 12 months ( *p <  0.05). Male Mini-Mental State Examination scores became worse at 12 months with donepezil ( *p <  0.05), as did female Geriatric Depression Scale scores at 6 months ( *p <  0.05). Male HDS-R and ABS scores were preserved in the galantamine group until 12 months. Female ABS scores with memantine improved at 6 months ( *p <  0.05), while male ADL scores became worse with rivastigmine at 12 months ( *p <  0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OLDS revealed that anti-AD drugs were effective even for older AD patients, and the clinical benefits of each drug showed a small difference with regard to gender.
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuzono
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Nozomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hishikawa
authors.forename: Kota
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Syoichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deguchi
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077265:Donepezil; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005702:Galantamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007189:Indans / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008559:Memantine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010880:Piperidines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000068836:Rivastigmine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D007189:Indans; D010880:Piperidines; D005702:Galantamine; D000077265:Donepezil; D000068836:Rivastigmine; D008559:Memantine
keywords: Activities of daily living; Alzheimer’s disease; affective function; cognitive function; gender difference; late elder patients