title: Comparison between overweight due to pregnancy and due to added weight to simulate body mass distribution in pregnancy.
abstract: The assessment of biomechanical loading in the musculoskeletal system of the pregnant women is particularly interesting since they are subject to morphological, physiological and hormonal changes, which may lead to adaptations in gait. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the increased mass in the trunk associated to pregnancy on the lower limb and pelvis, during walking, on temporal-distance parameters, joint range of motion and moments of force, by comparing a pregnant women group to a non-pregnant group, and to this group while carrying a 5 kg additional load located in the abdomen and breasts during walking, to understand which gait adaptations may be more related with the increased trunk mass, or if may be more associated with other factors such as the girth of the thigh. The subjects performed a previous 12 min training adaption to the added load. To calculate ankle, knee and hip joint angles and moments of force, a three-dimensional biomechanical model was developed. The inverse dynamics method was used to estimate net joint moments of force. The increased mass of the anterior trunk associated with second trimester of pregnancy may influence some gait variables such as the left step time, left and right stance times, double limb support time, maximum hip extension, maximum pelvic right obliquity, pelvic obliquity range of motion, maximum transversal left rotation and peak hip flexion moments of force.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomechanics and Functional Morphology, Neuromechanics Research Group of Human Movement, CIPER Faculty of Human Kinetics (FMH), University of Lisbon (UL), Portugal. Electronic address: laguiar@fmh.ulisboa.pt.
authors.forename: Liliana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aguiar
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomechanics and Functional Morphology, Neuromechanics Research Group of Human Movement, CIPER Faculty of Human Kinetics (FMH), University of Lisbon (UL), Portugal; Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior (ESDRM), Polytechnic Institute of Santarém (IPS), Portugal(1).
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Santos-Rocha
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomechanics and Functional Morphology, Neuromechanics Research Group of Human Movement, CIPER Faculty of Human Kinetics (FMH), University of Lisbon (UL), Portugal.
authors.forename: Filomena
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior (ESDRM), Polytechnic Institute of Santarém (IPS), Portugal(1).
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Branco
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomechanics and Functional Morphology, Neuromechanics Research Group of Human Movement, CIPER Faculty of Human Kinetics (FMH), University of Lisbon (UL), Portugal.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomechanics and Functional Morphology, Neuromechanics Research Group of Human Movement, CIPER Faculty of Human Kinetics (FMH), University of Lisbon (UL), Portugal.
authors.forename: António
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Veloso
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000328:Adult; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000502:physiology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D060726:Torso / Q000502:physiology*; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*; D016474:Weight-Bearing
keywords: Gait; Inverse dynamics; Inverse kinematics; Moments of force; Trunk overweight