title: Anti-inflammatory activity of horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) root extracts in LPS-stimulated macrophages.
abstract: Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) is a perennial crop belonging to the Brassicaceae family. Horseradish root is used as a condiment due to its extremely pungent flavour, deriving from the high content of glucosinolates and their breakdown products such as isothiocyanates and other sulfur compounds. Horseradish also has a long history in ethnomedicine. In this study the anti-inflammatory potential of three accessions of Armoracia rusticana on lipopolysaccharide from E. coli treated J774A.1 murine macrophages was evaluated. Our results demonstrate that Armoracia rusticana reduced nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 release and nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in macrophages, acting on nuclear transcription factor NF-κB p65 activation. Moreover Armoracia rusticana reduced reactive oxygen species release and increased heme-oxygenase-1 expression, thus contributing to the cytoprotective cellular effect during inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy. smarzocco@unisa.it.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marzocco
authors.affiliation: Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, I-85100 Potenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Luana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Calabrone
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy. smarzocco@unisa.it.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adesso
authors.affiliation: Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, I-85100 Potenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Marilena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Larocca
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy. smarzocco@unisa.it.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franceschelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy. smarzocco@unisa.it.
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Autore
authors.affiliation: Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, I-85100 Potenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, I-85100 Potenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Rocco
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rossano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031215:Armoracia / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D005961:Glucosinolates / Q000494:pharmacology; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005961:Glucosinolates; D015850:Interleukin-6; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C037152:isothiocyanic acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2