title: Fecal microbiota transplantation in gastrointestinal disease: 2015 update and the road ahead.
abstract: At its height, the Clostridium difficile infection epidemic caused approximately 7000 infections and 300 deaths per day in the USA. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has demonstrated extraordinary clinical resolution, C. difficile infection cure rates of over 90%, and low recurrence. In tandem with the rise of FMT, the gastrointestinal microbiome has emerged as a 'vital' organ armed with a wealth of microbe 'soldiers' more powerful than known antibiotics. FMTs' reputation has diffused into many new 'indications' yet these appear to be merely the tip of the iceberg when considering its potential applications. FMT as a therapeutic tool has evolved from the original format of blended donor stool and moved towards a refined product comprising a myriad of microbial components, presented aesthetically as encapsulated lyophilized powder.
authors.affiliation: a 1 Centre for Digestive Diseases, 1/229 Great North Rd, Five Dock, NSW 2046, Australia.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Borody
authors.affiliation: b 2 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University, 550 N. University Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: a 1 Centre for Digestive Diseases, 1/229 Great North Rd, Five Dock, NSW 2046, Australia.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: a 1 Centre for Digestive Diseases, 1/229 Great North Rd, Five Dock, NSW 2046, Australia.
authors.forename: Jordana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D000069467:Fecal Microbiota Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000639:trends; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005544:Forecasting; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: FMT; FSM; antibiotic resistance; fecal microbiota transplantation; full spectrum microbiota; microbiome; probiotics