title: Evaluation of a calcium silicate-based cement as a root reinforcement material for endodontically treated maxillary anterior teeth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fractures of endodontically treated teeth have been attributed to weakened tooth structure caused by root canal enlargement and post preparation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of roots filled with either gutta percha, composite resin (LuxaCore Dual), or calcium silicate-based cement (Biodentine).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty freshly extracted, human, permanent maxillary anterior teeth were sorted by type and assigned to 1 of 4 groups (n=30). The teeth in group NT were not endodontically treated and served as the control. The teeth in groups GP, LC, and, BD were accessed and instrumented to size 40/06. In group GP, the root canals were completely filled with gutta percha. In groups LC and BD, only the apical 5-mm portion of the root canals was filled with gutta percha, and the remaining portion of the root canals was filled with (LuxaCore Dual) in group LC and with (Biodentine) in group BD. Fracture resistance (kN) was assessed at the middle portion of each root, using a 3-point bending test with a universal testing machine exerting a compressive load on a loading pin at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until fracture occurred. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the mean root fracture resistance among the 4 groups (α=.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean ± SD fracture loads were 2.13 ±0.53 kN for group NT, 1.97 ±0.60 kN for group GP, 2.18 ±0.71 kN for group LC, and 2.22 ±0.54 kN for group BD. No statistically significant differences were found among the 4 groups (P>.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The roots of endodontically treated maxillary anterior permanent incisors filled with gutta percha, Biodentine, or LuxaCore Dual had resistance to fracture similar to that of teeth that were not endodontically treated.
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Endodontics, University of Texas, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas. Electronic address: Peter.M.DiFiore@uth.tmc.edu.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Di Fiore
authors.affiliation: Resident, Department of Endodontics, University of Texas, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.affiliation: Professor and Program Director, Department of Endodontics, University of Texas, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Samuel O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Dorn
authors.affiliation: Statistician, Center for Nursing Research, University of Texas, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Stanley G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Cron
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, University of Texas, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Joe C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ontiveros
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D006801:Humans; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D014082:Tooth Fractures; D014092:Tooth Root; D019553:Tooth, Nonvital
chemical_list: D004853:Epoxy Resins; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D002118:Calcium