title: Assessment of Short Term Cardiovascular Risk Among 40 Years and Above Population in a Selected Community of Kathmandu, Nepal.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment is effective for identifying whether people are at low or high risk of CVD events. It is also useful for determining the intensity of intervention. People with low risk of CVD can take more benefit by lifestyle modifications, whereas people at high risk need pharmacological intervention in addition. But, there is dearth of related study in Nepal. Therefore, this study aimed to assess short term CVD risk prediction in selected community of Kathmandu, Nepal.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional study in Sitapaila Village Development Committee, Kathmandu, Nepal between November 2014 and April 2015. We, first selected the household randomly to enroll 347 participants with 18 to 70 years of age, and later assessed the short term CVD risk prediction among ≥ 40 years age group using WHO/ISH chart.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of respondents was 52 years. The majority of participants were female (58.4%), homemakers (45.2%), from Newar ethnic group (31.9%), and without formal education (42.8%). Smoking was present in 21.7% of respondents, diabetes in 19.9 %, and hypertension in 53.6%. The ≥10% CVD risk was seen in 14.6% (95% CI: 9.2, 20) of the respondents. It was significantly associated with age (p<0.001), education (p=0.027), smoking (p = 0.002), cholesterol level (p = 0.021), systolic hypertension (p <001), and diabetes (p = 0.019).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study population is in high risk of developing CVDs in near future. Lifestyle modifications and pharmaceutical interventions to manage the risk factors among study population are highly recommended.
authors.affiliation: Nepal Family Development Foundation, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Dhungana
authors.affiliation: Zonal Ayurveda Hospital, Surkhet, Nepal.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Khanal
authors.affiliation: Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thapa
authors.affiliation: Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Centre, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Devkota
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Bangladesh University of Health Science, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Mumu
authors.affiliation: Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Centre, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shayami
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Bangladesh University of Health Science, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ali
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009390:Nepal / Q000453:epidemiology; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; CVD risk assessment; CVD risk prediction; nepal.