title: Osteomyelitis of the hyoid bones in two calves.
abstract: Two calves were referred because of ptyalism and difficulty opening the mouth (Calf 1) and for elective umbilical hernia surgery under inhalation anaesthesia (Calf 2). Additional clinical signs were increased breath sounds and swelling in the region of the mandibular angle in Calf 1. Ultrasonography and endoscopy revealed oral inflammation and abscessation in the area of the base of the tongue in both calves. Infection of the hyoid apparatus was suspected based on ultrasonographic findings and confirmed by means of computed tomography. In Calf 1, there was no response to treatment with systemic antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and local lavage, and Calf 2 was not treated. Both calves were euthanized because of a poor prognosis and the diagnoses confirmed during postmortem examination. In Calf 1, the abscess was associated with complete destruction of the left epihyoid bone and partial destruction of the left stylohyoid and ceratohyoid bones. In Calf 2, the abscess was located at the distal end of the right stylohyoid bone near the epihyoid bone. Stomatitis or laryngeal and pharyngeal abscessation caused by sharp feed particles are common in cattle and infection of the hyoid apparatus should be included in the differential diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland. knuss@vetclinics.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nuss
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland. alexandra.malbon@uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Alexandra J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Malbon
authors.affiliation: Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland. ubraun@vetclinics.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Ueli
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.affiliation: Section of Anaesthesiology, Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland. sringer@vetclinics.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ringer
authors.affiliation: Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland. emuggli@vetclinics.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Evelyne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Muggli
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animals, Clinic of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland. pkircher@vetclinics.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kircher
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animals, Clinic of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland. fwillmitzer@vetclinics.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Willmitzer
mesh_terms: D000038:Abscess / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D006928:Hyoid Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000662:veterinary; D014463:Ultrasonography