title: Novel Agents for Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis.
abstract: Since 2004, five drugs with new mechanisms of action have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). The expanded armamentarium of treatment options offers new opportunities for improved disease control and increased tolerability of medications, and also presents new safety concerns and monitoring requirements with which physicians must familiarize themselves. We review each of the newly approved agents-natalizumab, fingolimod, teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate, and alemtuzumab-with regard to their mechanism of action, clinical trial data, safety and tolerability concerns, and monitoring requirements. We also review available data for promising agents that are currently in late-phase clinical trials, including daclizumab, ocrelizumab, and ofatumumab.
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029; email: rebecca.straus-farber@mssm.edu , asaff.harel@mountsinai.org , fred.lublin@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Straus Farber
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029; email: rebecca.straus-farber@mssm.edu , asaff.harel@mountsinai.org , fred.lublin@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Asaff
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harel
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029; email: rebecca.straus-farber@mssm.edu , asaff.harel@mountsinai.org , fred.lublin@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lublin
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000074323:Alemtuzumab; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018951:Antigens, CD20 / Q000187:drug effects; D003437:Crotonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077561:Daclizumab; D000069462:Dimethyl Fumarate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000069442:Natalizumab / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009570:Nitriles; D012008:Recurrence; D014052:Toluidines / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018951:Antigens, CD20; D003437:Crotonates; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000069442:Natalizumab; D009570:Nitriles; D014052:Toluidines; C527525:teriflunomide; D000074323:Alemtuzumab; C533411:ocrelizumab; D000077561:Daclizumab; D000069462:Dimethyl Fumarate; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride; C527517:ofatumumab
keywords: alemtuzumab; daclizumab; dimethyl fumarate; fingolimod; multiple sclerosis; natalizumab; ocrelizumab; ofatumumab; teriflunomide