title: Life-course approach to nutrition.
abstract: This narrative review summarizes the role that nutrition plays in the development and maintenance of a healthy skeleton throughout the life-course. Nutrition has a significant influence on bone health throughout the life cycle. This narrative review summarizes current knowledge and guidance pertaining to the development and maintenance of a healthy skeleton. The primary objectives proposed for good bone health at the various stages of life are the following: Children and adolescents: achieve genetic potential for peak bone mass Adults: avoid premature bone loss and maintain a healthy skeleton Seniors: prevention and treatment of osteoporosis Findings from cohort studies, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, in addition to current dietary guidelines, are summarized with the intention of providing clear nutritional guidance for these populations and pregnant women.
authors.affiliation: Synthesis Medical NZ Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand.|University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. cc@mrc.soton.ac.uk.|MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK. cc@mrc.soton.ac.uk.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dawson-Hughes
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Adolescent Medicine and Endocrinology, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.affiliation: Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rizzoli
mesh_terms: D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D006801:Humans; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Calcium; Life-course; Nutrition; Osteoporosis; Protein; Vitamin D