title: Dissolved organic matter fluorescence at wavelength 275/342 nm as a key indicator for detection of point-source contamination in a large Chinese drinking water lake.
abstract: Surface drinking water sources have been threatened globally and there have been few attempts to detect point-source contamination in these waters using chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) fluorescence. To determine the optimal wavelength derived from CDOM fluorescence as an indicator of point-source contamination in drinking waters, a combination of field campaigns in Lake Qiandao and a laboratory wastewater addition experiment was used. Parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis identified six components, including three humic-like, two tryptophan-like, and one tyrosine-like component. All metrics showed strong correlation with wastewater addition (r(2) > 0.90, p < 0.0001). Both the field campaigns and the laboratory contamination experiment revealed that CDOM fluorescence at 275/342 nm was the most responsive wavelength to the point-source contamination in the lake. Our results suggest that pollutants in Lake Qiandao had the highest concentrations in the river mouths of upstream inflow tributaries and the single wavelength at 275/342 nm may be adapted for online or in situ fluorescence measurements as an early warning of contamination events. This study demonstrates the potential utility of CDOM fluorescence to monitor water quality in surface drinking water sources.
authors.affiliation: Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, PR China.
authors.forename: Yongqiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, PR China; Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jeppesen
authors.affiliation: Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China. Electronic address: ylzhang@niglas.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yunlin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaohan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
authors.forename: Guangwei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D060106:Lakes / Q000737:chemistry*; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D060753:Water Quality
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM); Drinking water; Fluorescence; Lake Qiandao; Point-source contamination