title: Homozygosity mapping and sequencing identify two genes that might contribute to pointing behavior in hunting dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The domestic dog represents an important model for studying the genetics of behavior. In spite of technological advances in genomics and phenomics, the genetic basis of most specific canine behaviors is largely unknown. Some breeds of hunting dogs exhibit a behavioral trait called "pointing" (a prolonged halt of movement to indicate the position of a game animal). Here, the genomes of pointing dogs (Large Munsterlander and Weimaraner) were compared with those of behaviorally distinct herding dogs (Berger des Pyrenées and Schapendoes). We assumed (i) that these four dog breeds initially represented inbred populations and (ii) that selective breeding for pointing behavior promotes an enrichment of the genetic trait in a homozygous state.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The homozygosity mapping of 52 dogs (13 of each of the four breeds) followed by subsequent interval resequencing identified fixed genetic differences on chromosome 22 between pointers and herding dogs. In addition, we identified one non-synonomous variation in each of the coding genes SETDB2 and CYSLTR2 that might have a functional consequence. Genetic analysis of additional hunting and non-hunting dogs revealed consistent homozygosity for these two variations in six of seven pointing breeds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the present findings, we propose that, together with other genetic, training and/or environmental factors, the nucleotide and associated amino acid variations identified in genes SETDB2 and CYSLTR2 contribute to pointing behavior.
authors.affiliation: Human Genetics, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, Bochum, 44801 Germany.
authors.forename: Denis A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Akkad
authors.affiliation: Human Genetics, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, Bochum, 44801 Germany.
authors.forename: Wanda M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Gerding
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia.
authors.forename: Robin B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Gasser
authors.affiliation: Human Genetics, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, Bochum, 44801 Germany.|Faculty of Health, University Witten-Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Strasse 50, Witten, 58448 Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Epplen
keywords: Behavior; Dog; Gene chip; NGS; Pointing