title: Prevalence of tobacco use among women: a cross sectional survey from a squatter settlement of Karachi, Pakistan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While the prevalence of tobacco use has been slowly declining in the developed countries, rates have been steadily rising in the developing countries. This has led to a rapid rise in tobacco related lung diseases among women.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Determine the prevalence of tobacco use (both smoking and smokeless) among women in an urban squatter settlement (Orangi Town) in Karachi, Pakistan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 19,325 females aged between 15 and 80 years in Orangi Town, an urban squatter settlement in Karachi, Pakistan. Modified questionnaire, developed by World Health Organization WHO and Global Adult Tobacco survey (GATS), was used in Urdu. A total of 16,987 women agreed to participate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 37.3 ± 9.8 years amongst whom 15,255 (89.80%) were married, 9143 (53.82%) admitted that at least one person uses tobacco in some form in their homes. The prevalence of smokeless tobacco was 42.25% (7178). The prevalence of smoking tobacco was low as compared to smokeless tobacco i.e. 18.0% (3058). Among smokers, 85.47% (1789) admitted that they had tried to quit smoking during last 12 months but failed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tobacco use among women in an urban squatter settlement is very high and alarming. Preventive and control measures against tobacco use are required in these communities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan. Naush_gr8smcian@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Nousheen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan. muhammad.irfan@aku.edu.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Irfan
authors.affiliation: Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan. nidaashraf87@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nida
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ashraf
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan. Safia.awan@aku.edu.
authors.forename: Safia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Awan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan. Javaid.khan@aku.edu.
authors.forename: Javaid A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D064424:Tobacco Use / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014171:Transients and Migrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult