title: Protease-Activated Receptor 1 Inhibitors: Novel Antiplatelet Drugs in Prevention of Atherothrombosis.
abstract: Protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 inhibitors have recently become popular in the use of atherosclerosis among clinicians. Atherosclerosis can cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events leading to one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. Thrombin-mediated platelets can cause atherosclerotic plaques, and these platelets are activated by thrombin through the PAR-1. Vorapaxar and atopaxar are novel antiplatelet drugs that inhibit the thrombin-induced platelet activation by antagonizing the PAR-1. The objective of this article is to review the mechanism of action of vorapaxar and atopaxar and explain the rationale for using them in atherothrombosis patients including myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial disease, and stroke.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Medicine, The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL; 2Department of Cardiology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE; and 3Department of Cardiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Al-Khafaji
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mutyala
authors.forename: Nawfal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Al-Khafaji
authors.forename: Yenal
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: Imtiaz
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.forename: Hosam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hakim
authors.forename: Rohit R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Arora
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007097:Imines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007783:Lactones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044463:Receptor, PAR-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013917:Thrombin / Q000378:metabolism; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C540445:E 5555; D007097:Imines; D007783:Lactones; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D044463:Receptor, PAR-1; D013917:Thrombin; C530299:vorapaxar