title: Optimized Extraction of Polysaccharides from Grateloupia livida (Harv.) Yamada and Biological Activities.
abstract: Polysaccharides from Grateloupia livida (Harv.) Yamada (GL) were extracted by a heating circumfluence method. Single-factor experiments were performed for the three parameters: extraction time (X₁), extraction temperature (X₂) and the ratio of water to raw material (X₃) and their test range. From preliminary experimental results, one type of the response surface methodology, the Box-Behnken design was applied for the optimizing polysaccharide extraction conditions. The experimental data obtained were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation. The optimal conditions were extraction time 5 h, extraction temperature 100 °C and ratio of water to raw material 70 mL/g. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 39.22% ± 0.09%, which well matched the predicted value (39.25%), with 0.9774 coefficient of determination (R²). GL polysaccharides had scavenging activities for DPPH and hydroxyl radicals in vitro. The scavenging rates for both radicals peaked at 20 mg/mL GL concentration. However, the positive standard, VC (ascorbic acid), possessed stronger antioxidant activities than GL polysaccharides. Furthermore, the anticancer activity of GL polysaccharides on HepG2 cell proliferation increased dose- and time-dependently, but the positive standard, 5-fluorouracil (5-fu) showed more significant anticancer activity in this study. Overall, GL polysaccharides may have potential applications in the medical and food industries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China. 15917907394@163.com.
authors.forename: Danyan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China. jzbwood@126.com.
authors.forename: Zebin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China. zhengfuchunsh@163.com.
authors.forename: Fuchun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China. junebulu@163.com.
authors.forename: Hongmei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China. ymzhang@stu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yanmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China. ffgao@stu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Fenfei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China. m13411961378@163.com.
authors.forename: Peihong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China. chenyicun@yeah.net.|Traditional Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China. chenyicun@yeah.net.
authors.forename: Yicun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China. ggshi@stu.edu.cn.|Traditional Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China. ggshi@stu.edu.cn.|Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China. ggshi@stu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ganggang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000461:Rhodophyta / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011134:Polysaccharides
keywords: Box-Behnken design; Grateloupia livida (Harv.) Yamada; antioxidant and anti-cancer activity; polysaccharide extraction