title: Validation and psychometric analysis of the Internet Addiction Test in Spanish among college students.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The wide use of the Internet in the workplace, academic or social field, can have an impact on daily life. One of the most used questionnaires worldwide to analyse these problems is the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Our aim was to validate a Spanish version of the IAT and analyse its psychometric properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population of study were college students participating in the uniHcos project (Universities of Granada, Huelva, Jaén, León, Salamanca, and Vigo). The questionnaire was translated and back-translated by two native English speakers. Reliability of scores was analysed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and agreement was analysed using the Bland-Altman and Kappa techniques. Test dimensions were analysed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reliability of scores was good (r = 0.899, Kappa = 0.650 and mean difference using Bland-Altman = -3.5). The psychometric assessment identified two factors (Emotional Investment; Performance and Time Management) which explained 55 % of the variance (total internal consistency of 0.91) and only 19 items. The confirmatory analysis showed an acceptable goodness of fit, especially when items 6 and 8 were related (RMSEA = 0.07 90%IC = 0.06 - 0.08; WRMR = 1.01, CFI = 0.96; TLI = 0.95). The two dimensions were negatively correlated with age and positively correlated with time spent online, especially for the purposes of leisure and entertainment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show good reliability and psychometric properties of the Spanish version of IAT with a two-dimensional solution. This result is partially in concordance with previous validations of the IAT in other languages that have found uni- and multi-dimensional solutions using different methodologies. Moreover, we want to highlight the possibility that some item of this questionnaire is outdated due to the technological and lifestyles changes and should be not taken into account.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reliability and psychometric properties obtained in this study support the conclusion that this Spanish short version of the IAT represents a useful tool for the analysis of problems arising from misuse of the Internet.
authors.affiliation: The Research Group in Gene - Environment and Health Interactions, University of León, León, Spain. tferv@unileon.es.|Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of León, Vegazana Campus s/n, 24071, León, Spain. tferv@unileon.es.
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fernández-Villa
authors.affiliation: The Research Group in Gene - Environment and Health Interactions, University of León, León, Spain. ajmolt@unileon.es.|Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of León, Vegazana Campus s/n, 24071, León, Spain. ajmolt@unileon.es.
authors.forename: Antonio J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. mgarm@ugr.es.|The Biomedical Research Centre Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. mgarm@ugr.es.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Martín
authors.affiliation: The Biomedical Research Centre Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. javier.llorca@unican.es.|Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain. javier.llorca@unican.es.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Llorca
authors.affiliation: The Biomedical Research Centre Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. mdelgado@ujaen.es.|Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain. mdelgado@ujaen.es.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Delgado-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: The Research Group in Gene - Environment and Health Interactions, University of León, León, Spain. vicente.martin@unileon.es.|Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of León, Vegazana Campus s/n, 24071, León, Spain. vicente.martin@unileon.es.|The Biomedical Research Centre Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. vicente.martin@unileon.es.
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martín
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000523:psychology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013334:Students; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult