title: Immobilisation of Cu, Pb and Zn in Scrap Metal Yard Soil Using Selected Waste Materials.
abstract: Immobilisation of heavy metals in a 30-year old active scrap metal yard soil using three waste materials, namely coconut tree sawdust (CTS), sugarcane bagasse (SB) and eggshell (ES) was investigated. The contaminated soil was amended with amendments at application rates of 0 %, 1 % and 3 % (w/w). The effects of amendments on metal accumulation in water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) and soil metal bioavailability were studied in a pot experiment. All amendments increased biomass yield and reduced metal accumulation in the plant shoots. The bioconcentration factor and translocation factor values of the metals were in the order of Zn > Cu > Pb. The addition of ES, an alternative source of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), has significantly increased soil pH and resulted in marked reduction in soil metal bioavailability. Therefore, CTS, SB and ES are promising low-cost immobilising agents to restore metal contaminated land.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia. azlkam@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamari
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Putra
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: S N M
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Yusoff
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Ishak
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hashim
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Isa
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bakar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D001682:Biological Availability; D018533:Biomass; D003059:Cocos / Q000737:chemistry; D004528:Egg Shell / Q000737:chemistry; D027741:Ipomoea / Q000378:metabolism; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000737:chemistry; D031786:Saccharum / Q000737:chemistry; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis*; D015032:Zinc
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014866:Waste Products; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Bioavailability; Contaminated soil; Heavy metals; Immobilisation; Metal uptake; Waste materials