title: Amorphous ruthenium nanoparticles for enhanced electrochemical water splitting.
abstract: This paper demonstrates an optimized fabrication of amorphous Ru nanoparticles through annealing at various temperatures ranging from 150 to 700 °C, which are used as water oxidation catalyst for effective electrochemical water splitting under a low overpotential of less than 300 mV. The amorphous Ru nanoparticles with short-range ordered structure exhibit an optimal and stable electrocatalytic activity after annealing at 250 °C. Interestingly, a small quantity of such Ru nanoparticles in a thin film on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass is also effectively driven by a conventional crystalline silicon solar cell that has excellent capability for harvesting visible light. Remarkably, it achieves an overall solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 11.3% in acidic electrolyte.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology & Research, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602. Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive, Singapore 117576.
authors.forename: Si Yin
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Tee
authors.forename: Coryl Jing Jun
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Saman Safari
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Dinachali
authors.forename: Szu Cheng
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Evan Laurence
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: He-Kuan
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Dongzhi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Andy Hor
authors.forename: Ming-Yong
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Han