title: Morphologic, molecular and microenvironment factors associated with stromal invasion in breast ductal carcinoma in situ: Role of myoepithelial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ductal carcinoma in situ is the last step preceding invasive ductal carcinoma in breast carcinogenesis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the role of myoepithelial cells and epithelium characteristics as predictors of the risk of stromal invasion.
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected 236 cases with initial diagnosis of DCIS followed by surgical ressection distributed in groups 1 (without invasion) and 2 (with invasive carcinoma).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The risk of stromal invasion after a DCIS diagnosis in biopsy was associated to triple-negative profile and loss of CD10 expression by myoepithelial cells, and inversely associated with CK5/6 expression by neoplastic cells and high expression of Smooth Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain (SMMHC) by myoepithelial cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A combination of characteristics of epithelial and myoepithelial cells in DCIS in biopsy specimens is related to the risk of stromal invasion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.|Pathology Laboratory, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Aguiar
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM 14), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cinthya S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cirqueira
authors.affiliation: Consultoria em Patologia, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Bacchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Filomena M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology*; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053555:Keratin-5 / Q000032:analysis; D053553:Keratin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D015260:Neprilysin / Q000032:analysis; D010641:Phenotype; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000032:analysis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000032:analysis; D024745:Smooth Muscle Myosins / Q000032:analysis; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D053555:Keratin-5; D053553:Keratin-6; D015260:Neprilysin; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D024745:Smooth Muscle Myosins; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human
keywords: Ductal carcinoma in situ; molecular profile; myoepithelial markers; stromal invasion