title: The reliability of tablet computers in depicting maxillofacial radiographic landmarks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to evaluate the reliability of the identification of anatomical landmarks in panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs on a standard medical grade picture archiving communication system (PACS) monitor and a tablet computer (iPad 5).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1000 radiographs, including 500 panoramic and 500 lateral cephalometric radiographs, were retrieved from the de-identified dataset of the archive of the Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology of the University Of Connecticut School Of Dental Medicine. Major radiographic anatomical landmarks were independently reviewed by two examiners on both displays. The examiners initially reviewed ten panoramic and ten lateral cephalometric radiographs using each imaging system, in order to verify interoperator agreement in landmark identification. The images were scored on a four-point scale reflecting the diagnostic image quality and exposure level of the images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the two displays regarding the visibility and clarity of the landmarks in either the panoramic or cephalometric radiographs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tablet computers can reliably show anatomical landmarks in panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs.
authors.affiliation: Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Aditya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tadinada
authors.affiliation: Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahdian
authors.affiliation: University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Sonam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sheth
authors.affiliation: Department of Craniofacial Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Taranpreet K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Chandhoke
authors.affiliation: Section of Operative Dentistry, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Aadarsh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gopalakrishna
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Dentistry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Anitha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Potluri
authors.affiliation: Section of Orthodontics, Department of Craniofacial Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Sumit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yadav
keywords: PACS (Radiology); Radiography, Dental, Digital; Radiography, Panoramic