title: Proliferation and fission of peroxisomes - An update.
abstract: In mammals, peroxisomes perform crucial functions in cellular metabolism, signalling and viral defense which are essential to the health and viability of the organism. In order to achieve this functional versatility peroxisomes dynamically respond to molecular cues triggered by changes in the cellular environment. Such changes elicit a corresponding response in peroxisomes, which manifests itself as a change in peroxisome number, altered enzyme levels and adaptations to the peroxisomal structure. In mammals the generation of new peroxisomes is a complex process which has clear analogies to mitochondria, with both sharing the same division machinery and undergoing a similar division process. How the regulation of this division process is integrated into the cell's response to different stimuli, the signalling pathways and factors involved, remains somewhat unclear. Here, we discuss the mechanism of peroxisomal fission, the contributions of the various division factors and examine the potential impact of post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, on the proliferation process. We also summarize the signalling process and highlight the most recent data linking signalling pathways with peroxisome proliferation.
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, EX4 4QJ, Exeter Devon, UK; Centre for Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: m.schrader@exeter.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schrader
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, EX4 4QJ, Exeter Devon, UK.
authors.forename: Joseph L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Luis F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Godinho
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, EX4 4QJ, Exeter Devon, UK.
authors.forename: Afsoon S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Azadi
authors.affiliation: Neuroanatomy, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Islinger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D034281:Dynamins; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D001678:Organelle Biogenesis; D000074401:Peroxins; D020675:Peroxisomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010944:Plants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015003:Yeasts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; C092128:PEX11 protein, S cerevisiae; D000074401:Peroxins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases; C110768:DNM1L protein, human; D034281:Dynamins
keywords: DLP1/Drp1; Fis1; Mff; Organelle dynamics; PPAR; Peroxisome proliferation; Pex11