title: Prior human polyomavirus and papillomavirus infection and incident lung cancer: a nested case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether infection with select human polyomaviruses (HPyV) and human papillomaviruses (HPV) is associated with incident lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a nested case-control study, testing serum from the carotene and retinol efficacy trial, conducted 1985-2005, for antibodies to Merkel cell (MCV), KI (KIV), and WU (WUV) HPyVs as well as to six high-risk and two low-risk HPV types. Incident lung cancer cases (n = 200) were frequency-matched with controls (n = 200) on age, enrollment and blood draw dates, intervention arm assignment, and the number of serum freeze/thaw cycles. Sera were tested using multiplex liquid bead microarray antibody assays. We used logistic regression to assess the association between HPyV and HPV antibodies and lung cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no evidence of a positive association between levels of MCV, KIV, or WUV antibodies and incident lung cancer (p corrected >0.10 for all trend tests; odds ratio (OR) range 0.72-1.09, p corrected >0.10 for all). There was also no evidence for a positive association between HPV 16 or 18 infection and incident lung cancer (p corrected ≥0.10 for all trend tests; OR range 0.25-2.54, p > 0.05 for all OR > 1), but the number of persons with serologic evidence of these infections was small.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prior infection with any of several types of HPyV or HPV was not associated with subsequent diagnosis of lung cancer. Infection with these viruses likely does not influence a person's risk of lung cancer in Western smoking populations.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 Fifth Ave., Suite 600, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA. dvc2@uw.edu.|Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Health Sciences Building F-250, Box 357236, Seattle, WA, 98195-7236, USA. dvc2@uw.edu.|Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA. dvc2@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Danny V
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5237-1300
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Colombara
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Health Sciences Building F-250, Box 357236, Seattle, WA, 98195-7236, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Manhart
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Health Sciences Building F-250, Box 357236, Seattle, WA, 98195-7236, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hawes
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Health Sciences Building F-250, Box 357236, Seattle, WA, 98195-7236, USA.|Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA.
authors.forename: Noel S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, F-600, Health Sciences Building, Box 357232, Seattle, WA, 98195-7232, USA.
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA.
authors.forename: Matt J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA.
authors.forename: Gary E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, 2101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB #7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 South Pan Jia Yuan Lane, Chaoyang Dist., P. O. Box 2258, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: You-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA.
authors.forename: Denise A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Galloway
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications*; D011120:Polyomavirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D027601:Polyomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications*; D012306:Risk; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral
keywords: HPV; KI polyomavirus; Lung cancer; Merkel cell polyomavirus; WU polyomavirus