title: Real-World Performance: Physical Activity, Play, and Object-Related Behaviors of Toddlers With and Without Disabilities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe and compare the occurrence and co-occurrence of physical activity (PA), play, and object-related behaviors in toddlers with and without disabilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants included 23 toddlers (21 with typical development (TD) and 2 with disabilities). Direct observation was used to describe the type and level of PA, play interactions, and object-related behaviors through video recordings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Toddlers demonstrated high variability, occurrence, and co-occurrence of all behaviors. Toddlers with disabilities displayed less variability, occurrence, and co-occurrence of several behaviors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Toddlers with TD engage simultaneously in PA, play, and object-related behaviors for about 3 hours in a typical day. This same level of co-occurrence of behaviors may not be observed for children with disabilities. Intervention providers are encouraged to consider the behaviors of toddlers with TD, beyond the findings of this pilot study, as the reference standard when implementing technology and intervention strategies for children with disabilities.
authors.affiliation: Social Mobility Lab and PlayTech Workshop (Dr Logan), School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis; Pediatric Mobility Lab and Design Studio (Mss Schreiber, Pritchard, and George and Dr Galloway), and Move to Learn Innovation Lab (Dr Lobo), Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark; Biomechanics and Movement Sciences Program (Dr Galloway), University of Delaware, Newark.
authors.forename: Samuel W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Logan
authors.forename: Melynda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lobo
authors.forename: Breanna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pritchard
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: James Cole
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Galloway
mesh_terms: D001519:Behavior; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019988:Children with Disabilities; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010988:Play and Playthings