title: Gender-Specific Effects on Gestational Length and Birth Weight by Early Pregnancy BPA Exposure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Effects of prenatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) on gestational and birth outcomes are controversial. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between prenatal exposure to BPA and birth and gestational outcomes. design, setting, participants, and outcome: Levels of unconjugated (uBPA) and BPA glucuronide in 80 matching samples of pregnant women during the first trimester of pregnancy and at delivery and matching term cord blood obtained from a prospective study conducted at the University of Michigan Hospitals were determined using a methodology validated in the National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences funded Round Robin study and related to pregnancy outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Highest levels of uBPA were found in maternal term samples followed by first trimester maternal (M1) samples and cord blood. A 2-fold increase in M1 uBPA was associated with 55-g less birth weight when male and female pregnancies were combined and 183-g less birth weight with only female pregnancies. A 2-fold increase in maternal term uBPA was associated with an increased gestational length of 0.7 days for all pregnancies and 1.1 days for only female pregnancies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher uBPA exposure levels during first trimester and term are associated with sex-specific reduction in birth weight and increase in gestational length, respectively. Race, parity, and employment have an effect on BPA exposure. Because low birth weight is associated with adverse health outcomes, effect of early pregnancy BPA levels on reducing birth weight highlights the risk posed by developmental exposure to BPA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics (A.V.-L., V.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Wadsworth Center (K.K.), New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12208; and Department of Biostatistics (W.Y.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.E.D., V.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109.
authors.forename: Almudena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Veiga-Lopez
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics (A.V.-L., V.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Wadsworth Center (K.K.), New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12208; and Department of Biostatistics (W.Y.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.E.D., V.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109.
authors.forename: Kurunthachalam
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kannan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics (A.V.-L., V.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Wadsworth Center (K.K.), New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12208; and Department of Biostatistics (W.Y.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.E.D., V.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109.
authors.forename: Chunyang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics (A.V.-L., V.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Wadsworth Center (K.K.), New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12208; and Department of Biostatistics (W.Y.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.E.D., V.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics (A.V.-L., V.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Wadsworth Center (K.K.), New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12208; and Department of Biostatistics (W.Y.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.E.D., V.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109.
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Domino
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics (A.V.-L., V.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Wadsworth Center (K.K.), New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12208; and Department of Biostatistics (W.Y.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.E.D., V.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109.
authors.forename: Vasantha
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Padmanabhan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001827:Body Height / Q000187:drug effects; D015331:Cohort Studies; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D020719:Glucuronides / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008824:Michigan; D010636:Phenols / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D020719:Glucuronides; D010636:Phenols; C512161:bisphenol A glucuronide; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds; C006780:bisphenol A