title: Clinical and surgical applications of smart glasses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With the increased efforts to adopt health information technology in the healthcare field, many innovative devices have emerged to improve patient care, increase efficiency, and decrease healthcare costs. A recent addition is smart glasses: web-connected glasses that can present data onto the lenses and record images or videos through a front-facing camera.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this article, we review the most salient uses of smart glasses in healthcare, while also denoting their limitations including practical capabilities and patient confidentiality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using keywords including, but not limited to, ``smart glasses'', ``healthcare'', ``evaluation'', ``privacy'', and ``development'', we conducted a search on Ovid-MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar. A total of 71 studies were included in this review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Smart glasses have been adopted into the healthcare setting with several useful applications including, hands-free photo and video documentation, telemedicine, Electronic Health Record retrieval and input, rapid diagnostic test analysis, education, and live broadcasting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In order for the device to gain acceptance by medical professionals, smart glasses will need to be tailored to fit the needs of medical and surgical sub-specialties. Future studies will need to qualitatively assess the benefits of smart glasses as an adjunct to the current health information technology infrastructure.
authors.affiliation: Cerebrovascular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.|University College London Medical School, London, UK.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mitrasinovic
authors.affiliation: Cerebrovascular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.|College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Elvis
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.affiliation: Cerebrovascular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Nirali
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Trivedi
authors.affiliation: Cerebrovascular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Logan
authors.affiliation: Cerebrovascular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Colson
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: Cerebrovascular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.|College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zilinyi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, New York University, Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lieber
authors.affiliation: Cerebrovascular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.|Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Eliza
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.affiliation: Cerebrovascular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.|Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.|College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Blake
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Grandview Medical Center, Ohio University, Dayton, OH, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martineau
authors.affiliation: The Joan and Irwin Jacobs Technion-Cornell Innovation Institute, Cornell Tech, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Emmanuel L P
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Dumont
authors.affiliation: Cerebrovascular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.|Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Geoff
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Appelboom
authors.affiliation: Cerebrovascular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.|Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.|Neuro-Intensive Care Unit, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: E Sander
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Connolly
mesh_terms: D003219:Confidentiality; D004282:Documentation / Q000379:methods; D057286:Electronic Health Records; D005139:Eyeglasses; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014584:User-Computer Interface
keywords: Electronic Health Records; Meta-Pro spaceglasses; Smart glasses; augmented reality; epson moverio; google glass; heads-up-display; telemedicine