title: Dissipation pattern and risk assessment studies of triazophos residues on capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) using GLC-FPD and GC-MS.
abstract: The present study was carried out to observe the dissipation pattern of triazophos on capsicum and risk assessment of its residues on human beings and to suggest a waiting period for the safety of consumers. Following two applications of triazophos (Truzo 40 EC) at 500 and 1000 g a.i. ha(-1), the average initial deposits were found to be 3.61 and 6.26 mg kg(-1), respectively. These residues dissipated below the limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.05 mg kg(-1) in 10 and 15 days at the recommended and double the recommended dosages, respectively. The calculated values of half-life were 2.31 and 2.14 days at recommended and double the recommended dosages, respectively. Theoretical maximum residue contribution (TMRC) values were found to be 28.8 and 41.6 μg person(-1) day(-1) at 500 and 1000 g a.i. ha(-1), respectively, and found to be below the maximum permissible intake on capsicum fruit on the 7th day. Therefore, a waiting period of 7 days is suggested for consumption of capsicum sprayed with triazophos at the recommended dosages.
authors.affiliation: Pesticide Residue Analysis Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India. yadwinder@pau.edu.
authors.forename: Yadwinder
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Pesticide Residue Analysis Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Kousik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.affiliation: Pesticide Residue Analysis Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Balwinder
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D002212:Capsicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006207:Half-Life; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D063086:Organothiophosphates / Q000032:analysis*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014230:Triazoles / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D063086:Organothiophosphates; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D014230:Triazoles; C012584:triazophos
keywords: Capsicum; Half-life; LOQ; Residues; TMRC; Triazophos