title: Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Kidney Injury: Present and Future.
abstract: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical diagnosis guided by standard criteria based on changes in serum creatinine, urine output, or both. Severity of AKI is determined by the magnitude of increase in serum creatinine or decrease in urine output. Patients manifesting both oliguria and azotemia and those in which these impairments are persistent are more likely to have worse disease and worse outcomes. Short- and long-term outcomes are worse when patients have some stage of AKI by both criteria. New biomarkers for AKI may substantially aid in the risk assessment and evaluation of patients at risk for AKI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 604 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. Electronic address: kellumja@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kellum
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood*; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins / Q000652:urine*; D009846:Oliguria / Q000209:etiology; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; C560823:TIMP2 protein, human; C102529:insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein 1; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: Acute kidney injury; Biomarkers; Clinical trials; Dialysis; Mortality; Renal recovery; Renal-replacement therapy