title: Focus on Pivotal Role of Dietary Intake (Diet and Supplement) and Blood Levels of Tocopherols and Tocotrienols in Obtaining Successful Aging.
abstract: Numerous specific age-related morbidities have been correlated with low intake and serum levels of tocopherols and tocotrienols. We performed a review in order to evaluate the extant evidence regarding: (1) the association between intake and serum levels of tocopherols and tocotrienols and age-related pathologies (osteoporosis, sarcopenia and cognitive impairment); and (2) the optimum diet therapy or supplementation with tocopherols and tocotrienols for the treatment of these abnormalities. This review included 51 eligible studies. The recent literature underlines that, given the detrimental effect of low intake and serum levels of tocopherols and tocotrienols on bone, muscle mass, and cognitive function, a change in the lifestyle must be the cornerstone in the prevention of these specific age-related pathologies related to vitamin E-deficient status. The optimum diet therapy in the elderly for avoiding vitamin E deficiency and its negative correlates, such as high inflammation and oxidation, must aim at achieving specific nutritional goals. These goals must be reached through: accession of the elderly subjects to specific personalized dietary programs aimed at achieving and/or maintaining body weight (avoid malnutrition); increase their intake of food rich in vitamin E, such as derivatives of oily seeds (in particular wheat germ oil), olive oil, hazelnuts, walnuts, almonds, and cereals rich in vitamin E (such as specific rice cultivar rich in tocotrienols) or take vitamin E supplements. In this case, vitamin E can be correctly used in a personalized way either for the outcome from the pathology or to achieve healthy aging and longevity without any adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University of Pavia, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy. mariangela.rondanelli@unipv.it.
authors.forename: Mariangela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rondanelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University of Pavia, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy. milo.milena87@hotmail.it.
authors.forename: Milena Anna
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Faliva
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University of Pavia, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy. gabriella.peroni01@universitadipavia.it.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peroni
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University of Pavia, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy. francesca.moncaglieri01@universitadipavia.it.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moncaglieri
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University of Pavia, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy. viriainfantino@hotmail.it.
authors.forename: Vittoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Infantino
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milan 20100, Italy. maurizio.naso@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naso
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University of Pavia, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy. simoneperna@hotmail.it.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perna
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024508:Tocotrienols / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D024508:Tocotrienols; D024505:Tocopherols
keywords: aging; dementia; dietary supplement; mild cognitive impairment; osteoporosis; sarcopenia; tocopherols; tocotrienols; vitamin E