title: [Effects of total flavonoids of propolis on apoptosis of myocardial cells of chronic heart failure and its possible mechanism in rats].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of total flavonoids of propolis (TFP) on apoptosis of myocardial cells of chronic heart failure and its possible mechanism in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six male SD rats were randomly selected as normal control group, the remaining rats were made as chronic heart failure (CHF) model by intraperitoneal injection of adriamycin. The rats in the successful model were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6): CHF group, total flavonoids of propolis low dose group (LD group), total flavonoids of propolis middle dose group (MD group), total flavonoids of propolis high dose group (HD group), digoxin group (DIG group). After six week treatment, cardiac function indexes of rats were recorded by signal acquisition system; brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) content in plasma were detected; Myocardial morphological changes and collagen fiber hyperplasia by HE and Masson staining were observed; Myocardial apoptosis was detected with TUNEL method and protein connexin 43(P-Cx43) expression was detected by Western blot method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with NC group, left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP) and maximal rise/fall velocity of left ventriculad pressure (± dP/dt(max)) absolute value in CHF group were significantly lowered (P < 0.01) while left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was increased significantly (P < 0.01); Contents of plasma BNP, cTnI, TNF-α and IL-6 in the CHF group were significantly improved (P < 0.01). Compared with CHF group, LVSP, ± dP/dt(max) absolute value in MD and HD groups were increased (P < 0.05), and LVEDP was significantly lowered (P < 0.01); LVEDP in LD group was significantly lowered (P < 0.01), changes in LVSP and ± dp/dt(max) absolue value were not obvious (P > 0.05). BNP, cTnI, TNF-α and IL-6 contents in MD and HD groups were significantly reduced (P < 0.01), but those plasma indicator changes were not obvious in LD group (P > 0.05). Western blot showed that P-Cx43 expression in CHF group was significantly higher than that in NC group (P < 0.01) and that in all TFP treatment groups it was decreased compared with CHF group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), among which pairwise comparisons also showed differences (P < 0.05), myocardial apoptosis index (%)(22.62 ± 3.39) in CHF group was higher than that in NC group( 1.12 ± 0.24) (P < 0.01); compared with CHF group, the apoptosis index of myocardial cells (%) in LD,MD and HD groups, (15.79 + 2.8), (9.28 + 2.1) and (4.73 + 1.14) respectively, were significantly lower than those in the CHF group( P < 0.01). The expression level of P-Cx43 positively correlated with the apoptotic index (r = 0. 861, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Total flavonaids of propolis have inhibitory effect on apoptosis of myocardial cells of chronic heart failure induced by adriamycin in rats, and the mechanism may be closely related to the regulation of Cx43 expression, especially the regulatory phosphorylation status.
authors.forename: Hai-hua
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Hai-zhen
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yu-xin
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ping-ping
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002908:Chronic Disease; D018031:Connexin 43 / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000009:adverse effects; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects*; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011429:Propolis / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D018031:Connexin 43; D005419:Flavonoids; C580592:Gja1 protein, rat; D015850:Interleukin-6; D019210:Troponin I; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D004317:Doxorubicin; D011429:Propolis