title: Spectrophotometric Analysis of Coronal Tooth Discoloration Induced by Various Bioceramic Cements and Other Endodontic Materials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronal tooth discoloration induced by various endodontic materials was evaluated in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were accessed, instrumented, and sectioned to standardized root lengths of 10 mm below the cementoenamel junction. Pulp chambers were cleaned chemomechanically to ensure complete tissue removal. Specimens were filled with experimental materials in 8 random groups: RRM, EndoSequence RRM putty (Brasseler, Savannah, GA); RRMF, EndoSequence RRM fast set paste (Brasseler); BD, Biodentine (Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France); WMTA, white MTA (Dentsply, York, PA), GMTA, gray MTA (Dentsply); AH+, AH Plus sealer (Dentsply); TAP, triple antibiotic paste (metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline); and NF, no filling (negative control group). After incubation in 100% humidity at 37°C, color changes were evaluated with a spectrophotometer (Ocean Optics, Dunedin, FL) on days 0, 7, 30, 60, and 180 after material placement (T0-T180). Data were transformed into Commission International de I'Eclairage's L*a*b color values, and corresponding ΔE values were calculated. Two-way analysis of variance and the Bonferroni method were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Visual discoloration was observed in all specimens in the GMTA, WMTA, and TAP groups at T7, increasing with time. The ΔE value between the initial color at T0 and at T7, T30, T60, and T180 was significantly different for GMTA, WMTA, and TAP (P < .001). ΔE values for the BD, RRM, RRMF, AH+, and NF groups were not statistically significantly different between T0 and T7, T30, T60, and T180, respectively, except for 3 samples below the human perceptible threshold. Values of L* dropped significantly from T0 to T180 in the TAP, GMTA, and WMTA groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant coronal tooth discoloration was caused by TAP, GMTA, and WMTA but not by BD, RRM, and RRMF.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Endodontics, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Electronic address: kohli_meetu@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Meetu R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kohli
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Endodontics, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Maimi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Endodontics, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Frank C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Setzer
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Endodontics, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Bekir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karabucak
mesh_terms: D003442:Crowns; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000378:metabolism*; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D014070:Tooth / Q000187:drug effects*; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D003764:Dental Materials
keywords: Bioceramics; spectrophotometric analysis; tooth discoloration