title: Individual and combined effects of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on mouse kidney.
abstract: This study was performed to investigate the individual and combined toxic effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) on mouse kidney. A total of 360 female mice were divided into nine groups. Each group received intraperitoneal injection of solvent (control), DON, ZEA, or DON+ZEA four times for 12d. Results showed that ZEA and/or DON increased the apoptosis rate in the kidney, as well as the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. DON and/or ZEA also induced renal oxidative stress as indicated by increased malondialdehyde concentration and nitric oxide level and reduced superoxide dismutase enzyme activity and hydroxyl radical inhibiting capacity. The observed changes were dose and time dependent. This study reports that DON and/or ZEA induced apoptosis, dysfunction, and oxidative stress in mouse kidney. Furthermore, the combination of DON+ZEA exhibited a sub-additive nephrotoxic effect.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, PR China; Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Yaan 625014, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, PR China; Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Yaan 625014, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhihua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, PR China; Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Yaan 625014, PR China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, PR China; Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Yaan 625014, PR China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, PR China; Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Yaan 625014, PR China.
authors.forename: Yanyi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, PR China; Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Yaan 625014, PR China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, PR China; Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Yaan 625014, PR China. Electronic address: dengjl213@126.com.
authors.forename: Junliang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, PR China; Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Yaan 625014, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhicai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, PR China; Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Yaan 625014, PR China.
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, PR China; Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Yaan 625014, PR China.
authors.forename: Liuhong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014255:Trichothecenes; D015025:Zearalenone; D003404:Creatinine; C007262:deoxynivalenol
keywords: Deoxynivalenol; Kidney; Oxidative stress; Zearalenone