title: Skeletal effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I therapy.
abstract: The growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis is critically important for the regulation of bone formation, and deficiencies in this system have been shown to contribute to the development of osteoporosis and other diseases of low bone mass. The GH/IGF axis is regulated by a complex set of hormonal and local factors which can act to regulate this system at the level of the ligands, receptors, IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), or IGFBP proteases. A combination of in vitro studies, transgenic animal models, and clinical human investigations has provided ample evidence of the importance of the endocrine and local actions of both GH and IGF-I, the two major components of the GH/IGF axis, in skeletal growth and maintenance. GH- and IGF-based therapies provide a useful avenue of approach for the prevention and treatment of diseases such as osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Loma Linda VA Healthcare System, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA; Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Lindsey
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Loma Linda VA Healthcare System, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA; Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA. Electronic address: Subburaman.Mohan@va.gov.
authors.forename: Subburaman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008954:Models, Biological; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone
keywords: Growth hormone (GH); IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs); Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs); Osteoporosis; Skeletal development