title: Machine-Learning-Based Analysis in Genome-Edited Cells Reveals the Efficiency of Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis.
abstract: Cells internalize various molecules through clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Previous live-cell imaging studies suggested that CME is inefficient, with about half of the events terminated. These CME efficiency estimates may have been confounded by overexpression of fluorescently tagged proteins and inability to filter out false CME sites. Here, we employed genome editing and machine learning to identify and analyze authentic CME sites. We examined CME dynamics in cells that express fluorescent fusions of two defining CME proteins, AP2 and clathrin. Support vector machine classifiers were built to identify and analyze authentic CME sites. From inception until disappearance, authentic CME sites contain both AP2 and clathrin, have the same degree of limited mobility, continue to accumulate AP2 and clathrin over lifetimes >∼20 s, and almost always form vesicles as assessed by dynamin2 recruitment. Sites that contain only clathrin or AP2 show distinct dynamics, suggesting they are not part of the CME pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Sun Hae
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Christa L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Cortesio
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Electronic address: drubin@berkeley.edu.
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Drubin
mesh_terms: D033962:Adaptor Protein Complex 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002966:Clathrin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034285:Dynamin II; D034281:Dynamins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000235:genetics*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D042361:Mammary Glands, Human / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D060388:Support Vector Machine
chemical_list: D033962:Adaptor Protein Complex 2; D002966:Clathrin; C000593490:DNM2 protein, human; D034285:Dynamin II; D034281:Dynamins