title: Consensus on Changing Trends, Attitudes, and Concepts of Asian Beauty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Asians increasingly seek non-surgical facial esthetic treatments, especially at younger ages. Published recommendations and clinical evidence mostly reference Western populations, but Asians differ from them in terms of attitudes to beauty, structural facial anatomy, and signs and rates of aging. A thorough knowledge of the key esthetic concerns and requirements for the Asian face is required to strategize appropriate facial esthetic treatments with botulinum toxin and hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Asian Facial Aesthetics Expert Consensus Group met to develop consensus statements on concepts of facial beauty, key esthetic concerns, facial anatomy, and aging in Southeastern and Eastern Asians, as a prelude to developing consensus opinions on the cosmetic facial use of botulinum toxin and HA fillers in these populations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Beautiful and esthetically attractive people of all races share similarities in appearance while retaining distinct ethnic features. Asians between the third and sixth decades age well compared with age-matched Caucasians. Younger Asians' increasing requests for injectable treatments to improve facial shape and three-dimensionality often reflect a desire to correct underlying facial structural deficiencies or weaknesses that detract from ideals of facial beauty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Facial esthetic treatments in Asians are not aimed at Westernization, but rather the optimization of intrinsic Asian ethnic features, or correction of specific underlying structural features that are perceived as deficiencies. Thus, overall facial attractiveness is enhanced while retaining esthetic characteristics of Asian ethnicity. Because Asian patients age differently than Western patients, different management and treatment planning strategies are utilized.
  
  
  METHODS
  This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
authors.affiliation: Shape Clinic, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liew
authors.affiliation: Woffles Wu Aesthetic Surgery and Laser Centre, Camden Medical Centre, 1 Orchard Boulevard, Suite #09-02, Singapore, 249615, Singapore. woffles@woffleswu.com.
authors.forename: Woffles T L
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Henry H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: The Specialists: Lasers, Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery Central, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Wilson W S
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Division of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, and Skin & Cancer Foundation, Carlton, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Greg J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.affiliation: P-Skin Professional Clinic, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Peter H L
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Regional Medical Affairs, Allergan Asia Pacific, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging; D044466:Asian People; D001290:Attitude; D001504:Beauty; D003210:Concept Formation; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Asian facial aging; Asian facial anatomy; Asian facial esthetics; Asian facial features; Consensus opinion; Facial injectables