title: Management of high-energy tibial pilon fractures.
abstract: Tibial pilon fractures result from high-energy trauma unlike usual ankle fractures. Their management provides numerous challenges to the orthopaedic surgeon including obtaining anatomic reduction of articular surface and the management of associated soft tissue injuries. This article aims to review major advances and principles that guide our practice today. We also discuss a treatment algorithm based on a staged approach to the fracture: initial spanning external fixation followed by definitive fixation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust, Blackshaw Road, Tooting, London, SW17 0QT, UK. nebujacob@yahoo.com.|, 1 Locke Gardens, Slough, Berkshire, SL3 7BE, UK. nebujacob@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Nebu
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5071-2917
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust, Blackshaw Road, Tooting, London, SW17 0QT, UK.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: Limb Reconstruction Unit, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital NHS Trust, Liverpool, L7 8XP, UK.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Giotakis
authors.affiliation: Limb Reconstruction Unit, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital NHS Trust, Liverpool, L7 8XP, UK.
authors.forename: Badri
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Narayan
authors.affiliation: Limb Reconstruction Unit, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital NHS Trust, Liverpool, L7 8XP, UK.
authors.forename: Selvadurai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nayagam
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust, Blackshaw Road, Tooting, London, SW17 0QT, UK.
authors.forename: Alex J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Trompeter
keywords: Algorithm; Bone defects; Management; Pilon fractures; Reconstruction; Strategy