title: Proteins from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded prostate cancer sections that predict the risk of metastatic disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men and the third leading cause of cancer related deaths among men living in developed countries. Biomarkers that predict disease outcome at the time of initial diagnosis would substantially aid disease management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Proteins extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue were identified using nanoflow liquid chromatography-MALDI MS/MS or after separation by one- or two-dimensional electrophoresis. The proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000963. A list of potential biomarker candidates, based on proposed associations with prostate cancer, was derived from the 320 identified proteins. Candidate biomarkers were then examined by multiplexed Western blotting of archival specimens from men with premetastatic disease and subsequent disease outcome data. Annexin A2 provided the best prediction of risk of metastatic disease (log-rank Chi squared p = 0. 025). A tumor/control tissue >2-fold relative abundance increase predicted early biochemical failure, while <2-fold change predicted late or no biochemical failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms the potential for use of archival FFPE specimens in the search for prognostic biomarkers for prostate cancer and suggests that annexin A2 abundance in diagnostic biopsies is predictive for metastatic potential. Protein profiling each cancer may lead to an overall reduction in mortality from metastatic prostate cancer as well as reduced treatment associated morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Jonathan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Dunne
authors.affiliation: Prostate Cancer Trials Unit, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lamb
authors.affiliation: Prostate Cancer Trials Unit, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Delahunt
authors.affiliation: Prostate Cancer Trials Unit, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: Prostate Cancer Trials Unit, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bethwaite
authors.affiliation: Prostate Cancer Trials Unit, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
authors.forename: John N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Nacey
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sondhauss
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.
authors.forename: T William
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Jordan
keywords: Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded; Prognostic biomarkers; Prostate cancer; Proteomics