title: Renal failure in cirrhosis: Emerging concepts.
abstract: Acute renal failure, now termed acute kidney injury (AKI), is frequently found in patients with cirrhosis. The occurrence of AKI, irrespective of the underlying cause, is associated with reduced in-hospital, 3-mo and 1-year survival. Hepatorenal syndrome is associated with the worst outcome among AKI patients with cirrhosis. Several definitions for AKI that have been proposed are outlined and evaluated in this paper. Among these, the International Club for Ascites-AKI criteria substantially strengthen the quality of early diagnosis and intervention according to underlying cause of AKI.
authors.affiliation: Paulo Lisboa Bittencourt, Unit of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Portuguese Hospital, Salvador, BA 40140-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Lisboa
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Bittencourt
authors.affiliation: Paulo Lisboa Bittencourt, Unit of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Portuguese Hospital, Salvador, BA 40140-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alberto Queiroz
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: Farias
authors.affiliation: Paulo Lisboa Bittencourt, Unit of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Portuguese Hospital, Salvador, BA 40140-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Terra
keywords: Acute kidney injury; End-stage liver disease; Hepatorenal syndrome; Liver cirrhosis; Renal failure