title: Cross cultural adaptation of the English version of the IOF-QLQ to Polish, to assess the health-related quality-of-life of patients after a distal radius fracture.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A distal radius fracture (DRF) is a common injury that can cause significant pain and lead to a prolonged decrease in physical, emotional, and social functioning. In modern randomized clinical trials, assessing outcomes after a DRF, health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) is a "must-be" endpoint. Additionally, HRQoL assessments are essential in the clinical decision-making process. The aim of this study to cross-culturally adapt the International Osteoporosis Foundation Quality of Life Questionnaire (IOF QLQ) for patients with a DRF to Polish.
  
  
  METHODS
  A standard forward-backward translation procedure and pilot-testing were used to prepare the Polish version of the IOF QLQ for use in this case-control study. Patients were eligible if they were between 18-80 years and were within 1-3 days after a non-comminuted DRF. The study group was gender and aged matched with healthy controls. All DRF patients filled out the Polish version of the IOF QLQ, the SF-36 and a demographic questionnaire. Assessment points were set as soon as possible after the fracture, 7 days, 6 weeks, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after the fracture. Standard validity and reliability analyses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-seven patients (73 women - 75.3%) with a mean age of 62.4 ± 7.1 years agreed to take part in the study. The control group consisted of 81 patients (60 women - 74.1%) with a mean age 63.9 ± 8.2 years. No significant differences were found between the mean age of patients and controls (p = 0.19). Cronbach's alpha coefficients showed positive internal consistency (0.79-0.89). The interclass correlations for the IOF QLQ domains and the overall score ranged from 0.85 to 0.92. Satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity of the IOF QLQ was seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Polish version of the IOF QLQ for patients with a DRF is a reliable and valid tool for measuring HRQoL. It can be fully recommended for use in clinical settings in the Polish population. When combined with the SF-36 the IOF QLQ allows to obtain a comprehensive HRQoL assessment in patients with a DRF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 12 Kopernika St, 31-034, Krakow, Poland. krtomaszewski@gmail.com.|Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, 5th Military Hospital, Krakow, Poland. krtomaszewski@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Krzysztof A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Tomaszewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 12 Kopernika St, 31-034, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Brandon Michael
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, 5th Military Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paradowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 12 Kopernika St, 31-034, Krakow, Poland.|Department of Traumatology and Neuroorthopaedics, Rydygier Specialistic Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kłosiński
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nursing, Institute of Nursing, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Walocha
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, 5th Military Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Golec
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Postgraduate Education, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kucharska
authors.affiliation: Department of Hand Surgery, Lodz Medical University, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dudkiewicz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011044:Poland; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D011885:Radius Fractures / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014177:Translations; D055815:Young Adult