title: Influence of CAD/CAM zirconia for implant-abutment manufacturing on gingival fibroblasts and oral keratinocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the influence of three CAD/CAM zirconia ceramics for implant-abutment manufacturing on cell viability, migration ability, and cytotoxicity of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and oral keratinocytes (HOK) in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  HGF and HOK were cultured on zirconia ceramic disks (VITA In-Ceram YZ, Ivoclar IPS e.max ZirCAD, Sirona inCoris ZI) and on control disks made of tissue culture polystyrene. Cell viability was analyzed by a MTT assay. Migration ability was detected by a scratch assay. A ToxiLight assay was used to analyze the influence of the tested zirconia ceramics on adenylate kinase (ADK) release and cytotoxicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At MTT assay, HGF showed an increased cell viability compared to the control after 9 and 12 days for all ceramics (p each ≤0.0002) while HOK demonstrated a decreased cell viability after 9 and 12 days for all ceramics (p each ≤0.0003). At scratch assay, HGF exhibited for all ceramics decreased relative distances of the scratch wound compared to the control from 24 to 48 h (p each <0.0001) with exception of VITA In-Ceram YZ after 48 h. HOK showed increased distances compared to the control for all ceramics after 48 h (p each <0.0001). At ToxiLight assay, a minimal cytotoxicity of the tested materials could be detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, significant influences of the investigated CAD/CAM zirconia ceramics on HGF and HOK could be shown.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The analyzed zirconia ceramics could influence oral soft-tissue cells that might affect the esthetic outcome after implant placement using CAD/CAM zirconia abutments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral- and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pabst
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral- and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, University Medical Center, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weyhrauch
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 69, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schmidtmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Scheller
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany. drkarllehmann@gmail.com.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lehmann
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D000044:Dental Abutments; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D008422:Materials Testing; D015040:Zirconium / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015921:Dental Implants; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide
keywords: Biocompatibility; CAD/CAM; Fibroblasts; Implant abutment; Keratinocytes; Zirconia