title: Regulation of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Technology.
abstract: The number of peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) indications, targets, and devices is expanding, yet the development of the technology has been slow because many devices used for PNS do not have formal regulatory approval. Manufacturers have not sought Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for PNS devices because of a perceived lack of interest amongst practitioners and patients. Without FDA approval, companies cannot invest in marketing to educate the implanters and the patients about the benefits of PNS in the treatment of chronic pain. Violation of this has resulted in governmental investigation and prosecution. Most of the PNS devices currently used to treat chronic pain are FDA approved for epidural spinal cord stimulation. Many of the complications seen in PNS surgery can be attributed to the lack of purpose-built hardware with FDA approval. Despite the lack of regulatory approval, there are insurance companies that approve PNS procedures when deemed medically necessary. As the targets and indications for PNS continue to expand, there will be an even greater need for customized technological solutions. It is up to the medical device industry to invest in the design and marketing of PNS technology and seek out FDA approval. Market forces will continue to push PNS into the mainstream and physicians will increasingly have the choice to implant devices specifically designed and approved to treat chronic peripheral nerve pain.
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Birk
authors.forename: Dali
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Konstantin V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Slavin
mesh_terms: D018795:Device Approval / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D014481:United States