title: Neuroimmune mechanisms of depression.
abstract: Current diagnosis of depression is based solely on behavioral symptomatology. The available US Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments for depression have come from serendipitous discovery and are ineffective in nearly 30-50% of patients, which is thought to reflect a lack of specificity in targeting underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Recent evidence has identified depression-related disruptions in a neuroimmune axis that interfaces the immune system and CNS to control behavior. This Review examines the evidence in patients and in animal models of depression that demonstrates how the peripheral immune system acts on the brain to alter an individual's response to stress, ultimately contributing to their vulnerability to mood disorders.
authors.affiliation: Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Georgia E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Hodes
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute and Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kana
authors.affiliation: Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8202-7378
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Menard
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute and Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Merad
authors.affiliation: Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Scott J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Russo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003863:Depression / Q000276:immunology* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation / Q000502:physiology*