title: Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in caregivers of people with psychosis and associations with caregiving experiences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) have been identified in caregivers of people with psychosis, but their clinical correlates are less well known. This study aimed to assess PTSS in a sample of caregivers of people with psychosis and to examine the relationship between PTSS and caregiving experiences.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 32 caregivers of people with psychosis completed self-report questionnaires and structured interviews assessing PTSS and caregiving processes, including expressed emotion, burden, and coping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 44% of the sample reported PTSS, which were associated with caregiver reports of burden and less adaptive (avoidant) coping. No links were observed with expressed emotion in this sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Almost half of caregivers of people with psychosis reported PTSS related to their caring role, which may have implications for their caregiving experiences and coping efforts. The findings highlight the importance of assessing need in caregivers and optimizing opportunities to offer needs-led therapeutic interventions to caregivers.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuropsychology, King's College London , London , United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Cara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kingston
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuropsychology, King's College London , London , United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Onwumere
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuropsychology, King's College London , London , United Kingdom.|b PICuP Clinic , South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust , London , United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Keen
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuropsychology, King's College London , London , United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Tamatha
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ruffell
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuropsychology, King's College London , London , United Kingdom.|c Biomedical Research Centre , South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust , London , United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kuipers
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008131:London; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000451:nursing*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Caregivers; coping behavior; expressed emotion; posttraumatic stress disorders; psychosis