title: Immunotherapy for Advanced Lung Cancer.
abstract: Lung cancers are immunogenic tumors that manage to evade the immune system by exploiting checkpoint pathways that render effector T cells anergic. Inhibition of these checkpoints can restore and invigorate endogenous antitumor T-cell responses. The immunotherapeutic approach of checkpoint inhibition has become an important treatment option for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, playing a role that will continue to evolve over the coming years. The programmed death 1 inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab have both been shown to induce durable responses and improve survival in a subset of patients with platinum-refractory metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Nivolumab has recently earned Food and Drug Administration approval for progressive squamous cell lung cancer. Optimization and validation of a pretreatment biomarker to predict response is a key area of ongoing research. Combination therapy is now being investigated in an effort to improve response rates.
authors.affiliation: From the *Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center; and †Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Ramsey
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Asmar
authors.forename: Naiyer A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Rizvi
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015398:Signal Transduction; D055752:Small Cell Lung Carcinoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen