title: Dual-color photoacoustic lymph node imaging using nanoformulated naphthalocyanines.
abstract: Demarking lymph node networks is important for cancer staging in clinical practice. Here, we demonstrate in vivo dual-color photoacoustic lymphangiography using all-organic nanoformulated naphthalocyanines (referred to as nanonaps). Nanonap frozen micelles were self-assembled from two different naphthalocyanine dyes with near-infrared absorption at 707 nm or 860 nm. These allowed for noninvasive, nonionizing, high resolution photoacoustic identification of separate lymphatic drainage systems in vivo. With both types of nanonaps, rat lymph nodes buried deeply below an exogenously-placed 10 mm thick layer of chicken breast were clearly visualized in vivo. These results show the potential of multispectral photoacoustic imaging with nanonaps for detailed mapping of lymphatic drainage systems.
authors.affiliation: Future IT Innovation Laboratory, Department of Creative IT Engineering and Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Changho
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Future IT Innovation Laboratory, Department of Creative IT Engineering and Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeesu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
authors.forename: Yumiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Future IT Innovation Laboratory, Department of Creative IT Engineering and Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Bukgu, Daegu 702101, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mansik
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Boulevard, Shenzhen 518055, China.
authors.forename: Chengbo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Boulevard, Shenzhen 518055, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA. Electronic address: jflovell@buffalo.edu.
authors.forename: Jonathan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Lovell
authors.affiliation: Future IT Innovation Laboratory, Department of Creative IT Engineering and Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: chulhong@postech.edu.
authors.forename: Chulhong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D002232:Carbocyanines / Q000737:chemistry*; D002465:Cell Movement; D002645:Chickens; D003116:Color; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008823:Micelles; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002232:Carbocyanines; D008823:Micelles; C000657:cyanine dye 1
keywords: Naphthalocyanines; Optoacoustic; Organic nanoparticles; Photoacoustic imaging; Sentinel lymph node mapping