title: [[History of Community Health in Africa. The Swiss Medical Missionaries' Endeavour in South Africa].
abstract: It was not Dutch settlers nor British colonizers who introduced public and community health practice in north-eastern South Africa but medical doctors of the Swiss mission in southern Africa. While the history of medical knowledge transfer into 19th-20th century Africa emphasises colonial powers, this paper shows how countries without colonies contributed to expand western medical cultures, including public health. The Swiss took advantage of the local authorities' negligence, and implemented their own model of medicalization of African societies, understood as the way of improving health standards. They moved from a tolerated hospital-centred medicine to the practice of community health, which was uncommon at the time. Elim hospital's physicians moved back boundaries of segregationist policies, and sometime gave the impression of being involved in the political struggle against Apartheid. Thus, Swiss public health activities could later be seen as sorts of seeds that were planted and would partly reappear in 1994 with the ANC-projected national health policy.
authors.forename: Hines
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mabika
mesh_terms: D018595:Colonialism / Q000266:history*; D006291:Health Policy; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D008493:Medical Missions / Q000266:history*; D062528:Medicalization / Q000266:history; D011634:Public Health / Q000266:history*; D063505:Racism / Q000266:history; D013019:South Africa; D013557:Switzerland