title: Cognitive Function Related to the Sirh11/Zcchc16 Gene Acquired from an LTR Retrotransposon in Eutherians.
abstract: Gene targeting of mouse Sushi-ichi-related retrotransposon homologue 11/Zinc finger CCHC domain-containing 16 (Sirh11/Zcchc16) causes abnormal behaviors related to cognition, including attention, impulsivity and working memory. Sirh11/Zcchc16 encodes a CCHC type of zinc-finger protein that exhibits high homology to an LTR retrotransposon Gag protein. Upon microdialysis analysis of the prefrontal cortex region, the recovery rate of noradrenaline (NA) was reduced compared with dopamine (DA) after perfusion of high potassium-containing artificial cerebrospinal fluid in knockout (KO) mice. These data indicate that Sirh11/Zcchc16 is involved in cognitive function in the brain, possibly via the noradrenergic system, in the contemporary mouse developmental systems. Interestingly, it is highly conserved in three out of the four major groups of the eutherians, euarchontoglires, laurasiatheria and afrotheria, but is heavily mutated in xenarthran species such as the sloth and armadillo, suggesting that it has contributed to brain evolution in the three major eutherian lineages, including humans and mice. Sirh11/Zcchc16 is the first SIRH gene to be involved in brain function, instead of just the placenta, as seen in the case of Peg10, Peg11/Rtl1 and Sirh7/Ldoc1.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Epigenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Irie
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Epigenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.affiliation: Department of Epigenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwafune
authors.affiliation: Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, The Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Center (BRC), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Tamio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furuse
authors.affiliation: Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, The Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Center (BRC), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Ikuko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, The Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Center (BRC), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeharu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wakana
authors.affiliation: Animal Resource Development Unit, Division of Bio-function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), Chuou-ku, Kobe, Japan; Genetic Engineering Team, Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), Chuou-ku, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Yui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: Genetic Engineering Team, Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), Chuou-ku, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Takaya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Department of Epigenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Global Center of Excellence Program for International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumitoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ishino
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaneko-Ishino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006128:Growth / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008322:Mammals / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D018626:Retroelements; D020079:Terminal Repeat Sequences
chemical_list: D018626:Retroelements; D009638:Norepinephrine