title: Dietary Fat Intake and Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Consumption of dietary fat has been reported to be associated with gastric cancer risk, but the results of epidemiologic studies remain inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis to summarize the evidence regarding the association between dietary fat intake and gastric cancer risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive search of PubMed and EMBASE was performed to identify observational studies providing quantitative estimates between dietary fat and gastric cancer risk. Random effects model was used to calculate the summary relative risk(SRR) in the highest versus lowest analysis. Categorical dose-response analysis was conducted to quantify the association between dietary fat intake and gastric cancer risk. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using I2 and tau2(between study variance)statistics. Subgroup analysis and publication bias analysis were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two articles were included in the meta-analysis. The SRR for gastric cancer was 1.18 for individuals with highest intake versus lowest intake of total fat (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.999-1.39; n = 28; P< 0.001; tau2 = 0.12; I2 = 69.5%, 95% CI: 55%-79%) and 1.08 with a daily increase in total fat intake (20 g/d) (95%CI: 1.02-1.14; n = 6; P = 0.09; tau2 = 0.002; I2 = 46.8%, 95% CI: 0%-79%). Positive association between saturated fat intake (SRR = 1.31; 95%CI: 1.09-1.58;n = 18;P<0.001; tau2 = 0.08; I2 = 60.6%, 95% CI: 34%-76%), inverse association between polyunsaturated fat intake (SRR = 0.77; 95%CI: 0.65-0.92; n = 16; P = 0.003; tau2 = 0.06; I2 = 56.2%, 95% CI: 23%-75%) and vegetable fat intake (SRR = 0.55; 95%CI: 0.41-0.74; n = 4;P = 0.12; tau2 = 0.04; I2 = 48.6%, 95% CI: 0%-83%), and no association between monounsaturated fat intake (SRR = 1.00; 95%CI: 0.79-1.25; n = 14; P< 0.001; tau2 = 0.10; I2 = 63.0%, 95% CI: 34%-79%) and animal fat intake (SRR = 1.10; 95%CI: 0.90-1.33; n = 6; P = 0.13;tau2 = 0.02; I2 = 42.0%, 95% CI: 0%-70%) and gastric cancer risk were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that intake of total fat is potentially positively associated with gastric cancer risk, and specific subtypes of fats account for different effects. However, these findings should be confirmed by further well-designed cohort studies with detailed dietary assessments and strict control of confounders.
authors.affiliation: The Clinical Nutrition Center of Shanghai, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: The Clinical Nutrition Center of Shanghai, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: The Clinical Nutrition Center of Shanghai, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qingyang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: The Clinical Nutrition Center of Shanghai, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qiulei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: The Clinical Nutrition Center of Shanghai, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qiulin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: The Clinical Nutrition Center of Shanghai, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yusong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qiurong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: The Clinical Nutrition Center of Shanghai, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Guohao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D004041:Dietary Fats; D006801:Humans; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012306:Risk; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats