title: Treatment of oxidative stress in brain of ovariectomized rats with omega-3 and lipoic acid.
abstract: METHODS
  Postmenopausal women are often affected by a group of metabolic disorders related to oxidative stress. Alternative treatments that can improve the quality of life of these women have been the subject of recent studies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response to oxidative stress in the brains of rats following ovariectomy, and to determine enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant responses when the animals received 3 months of dietary supplementation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ovariectomy produced changes in antioxidant profiles characterized by reductions in glutathione S-transferase activity, H2 O2 consumption, superoxide dismutase activity, and vitamin C levels and increases in protein carbonylation. Docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA) supplementation restored these parameters to normal values and increased values of other antioxidants (glutathione peroxidase and total glutathione). However, DHA supplementation also increased protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation. Eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation produced no changes in antioxidants, but decreased lipid peroxidation. Lipoic acid supplementation increased consumption of H2 O2 and decreased protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the antioxidant response to omega-3 varies in different tissues, and in this study DHA treatment had a prooxidant effect in the brain. Lipoic acid treatment, on the other hand, had a protective effect, reducing markers of oxidative damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camile S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Behling
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexey S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jordana S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Putti
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Mahl
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Hackenhaar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina A
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mélany Natuane C
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: e Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tiago B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Salomon
authors.affiliation: Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carla E I
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Johnny F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mara S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Benfato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D004967:Estrogens / Q000097:blood; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D008670:Metals / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010052:Ovariectomy; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D008063:Thioctic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004798:Enzymes; D004967:Estrogens; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D008670:Metals; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D011374:Progesterone; D008063:Thioctic Acid
keywords: Brain; Lipoic acid; Ovariectomy; Oxidative stress; Polyunsaturated fatty acids