title: Esophago-Cardial-Gastric Tunneling Peritoneoscopy: In Vivo Dog Survival Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diagnostic peritoneoscopy is typically performed by using a rigid laparoscope. Inspired by gastric submucosal tunneling for peritoneal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery access and peroral endoscopic myotomy for the treatment of achalasia, we developed a novel esophago-cardial-gastric tunneling (ECGT) peritoneoscopy technique with a flexible endoscope. This study aims to evaluate its feasibility and safety.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study comprised 10 Beagle dogs. A longitudinal mucosal incision was made on the esophageal wall, and a submucosal tunnel was created through the cardia into the stomach. An incision was made in the muscular layer of the stomach, and then the endoscope was advanced into the peritoneal cavity. Peritoneoscopy with the flexible endoscope was performed. After intraperitoneal exploration, the esophageal mucosal entry was closed with endoclips. All dogs resumed food intake 12 hours after the procedures. Diets, behavior, and body temperature of all of the dogs were observed. Endoscopic examinations were performed 4 weeks after the procedure, and then the animals were sacrificed for necropsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ECGT peritoneoscopy was successfully done in all dogs. Diets, behavior, and body temperature were normal in all dogs. The entry of the esophagus was healed well in 9 dogs; the mucosa of the entry was torn in 1 dog, but the submucosal tunnel was healed well at the cardia. Necropsy showed complete closure of the gastric serosal exit, and no intraperitoneal abscess was found. Histopathological examinations showed submucosal tunnels healed well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ECGT peritoneoscopy is feasible and safe for peritoneal exploration. It should be a good choice for the clinical application of diagnostic peritoneoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Bing-Rong
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Ji-Tao
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Ling-Jian
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Jing-Yang
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Guang-Xing
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Cui
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004867:Equipment Design; D004931:Esophageal Achalasia / Q000601:surgery*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000601:surgery; D020706:Laparoscopes; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D009055:Mouth; D057605:Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery / Q000379:methods*; D013270:Stomach / Q000601:surgery*