title: Deformation of Soft Tissue and Force Feedback Using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics.
abstract: We study the deformation and haptic feedback of soft tissue in virtual surgery based on a liver model by using a force feedback device named PHANTOM OMNI developed by SensAble Company in USA. Although a significant amount of research efforts have been dedicated to simulating the behaviors of soft tissue and implementing force feedback, it is still a challenging problem. This paper introduces a kind of meshfree method for deformation simulation of soft tissue and force computation based on viscoelastic mechanical model and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). Firstly, viscoelastic model can present the mechanical characteristics of soft tissue which greatly promotes the realism. Secondly, SPH has features of meshless technique and self-adaption, which supply higher precision than methods based on meshes for force feedback computation. Finally, a SPH method based on dynamic interaction area is proposed to improve the real time performance of simulation. The results reveal that SPH methodology is suitable for simulating soft tissue deformation and force feedback calculation, and SPH based on dynamic local interaction area has a higher computational efficiency significantly compared with usual SPH. Our algorithm has a bright prospect in the area of virtual surgery.
authors.affiliation: North China University of Water Resource and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450011, China ; School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Xuemei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: North China University of Water Resource and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450011, China ; Henan Radio & Television University, Zhengzhou 450011, China.
authors.forename: Ruiyi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: North China University of Water Resource and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450011, China ; School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Yunhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: North China University of Water Resource and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450011, China.
authors.forename: Dongdong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004548:Elasticity; D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008099:Liver / Q000601:surgery; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000193:education*; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014783:Viscosity