title: Assessment of nutritional habits and preferences of children and adolescents brought up in Krakow's orphanages.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Proper nutrition can not only guarantee harmonious child's development, but can also protect against later development of diet-related diseases such as type-2 diabetes, obesity or cardiovascular diseases. Many diseases as well as disorders of intellectual development of a young people may result from the mistakes made in a period of an intense growth and maturing of a child.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess nutritional habits and preferences in subjects brought up in orphanages in terms of subjective evaluation of eating patterns, frequency of the meal consumption, and a concern about healthy life style.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study has been conducted to evaluate nutritional habits and preferences of 181 children aged 9-20, from orphanages in Krakow. Study was performed in 2007-2008 in 5 orphanages, which were under the control of Social Welfare Centre. Evaluation of nutritional habits and preferences was performed on the basis of an anonymous 8-question questionnaire adjusted to the respondent's age, which referred, among other, to questions about subjective assessment of eating patterns, frequency of meal consumption and the concern about healthy lifestyle patterns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  About 75% of the examined population responded affirmatively to a question about subjective assessment of proper eating patterns; 80% female and 88% male respondents declared a regular consumption of meals. Daily diets of children in orphanages consisted usually from 5 or 4 meals (respectively 38 and 33% of affirmative responses); although, 5 meals were most often eaten by the youngest children. Furthermore, it has been revealed that milk and dairy products were consumed, on average, by 66% of respondents. On average, 76% of respondents reported everyday consumption of the lean meat, while 72% ate fish at least once per week.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results obtained in this study, identify the improper nutritional habits and indicate the necessity of intervention, consisting on training courses and workshops for children, adolescents and their teachers.
authors.affiliation: University of Agriculture, Faculty of Food Technology, Department of Human Nutrition, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pysz
authors.affiliation: University of Agriculture, Faculty of Food Technology, Department of Human Nutrition, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Leszczyńska
authors.affiliation: University of Agriculture, Faculty of Food Technology, Department of Human Nutrition, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Aneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kopeć
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D017195:Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D019372:Orphanages / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult