title: The MCCB impairment profile in a Spanish sample of patients with schizophrenia: Effects of diagnosis, age, and gender on cognitive functioning.
abstract: The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was administered to 293 schizophrenia outpatients and 210 community residents in Spain. Our first objective was to identify the age- and gender-corrected MCCB cognitive profile of patients with schizophrenia. The profile of schizophrenia patients showed deficits when compared to controls across the seven MCCB domains. Reasoning and Problem Solving and Social Cognition were the least impaired, while Visual Learning and Verbal Learning showed the greatest deficits. Our second objective was to study the effects on cognitive functioning of age and gender, in addition to diagnosis. Diagnosis was found to have the greatest effect on cognition (Cohen's d>0.8 for all MCCB domains); age and gender also had effects on cognitive functioning, although to a lesser degree (with age usually having slightly larger effects than gender). The effects of age were apparent in all domains (with better performance in younger subjects), except for Social Cognition. Gender had effects on Attention/Vigilance, Working Memory, Reasoning and Problem Solving (better performance in males), and Social Cognition (better performance in females). No interaction effects were found between diagnosis and age, or between diagnosis and gender. This lack of interactions suggests that age and gender effects are not different in patients and controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry,Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: roberto.rodriguez.jimenez@gmail.com.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Jimenez
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dompablo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bagney
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Zaragoza,Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Santabárbara
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de La Luz, Cuenca,Spain.
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Aparicio
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Torio
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moreno-Ortega
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychology and Sociology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lopez-Anton
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lobo
authors.affiliation: Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.affiliation: Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry,Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jimenez-Arriero
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de La Luz, Cuenca,Spain.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Nuechterlein
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry,Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Palomo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Age; Cognition; Gender; MATRICS; MCCB; Schizophrenia