title: M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) is upregulated in Kazakh's ESCC and promotes proliferation and migration of ESCC cells.
abstract: The objectives of the present study are to explore role of pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2 (PKM2) in progression of Kazakh's esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Xinjiang, China, and to clarify mechanism of PKM2 in malignant phenotype. PKM2 expression was examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 101 matched pairs of ESCC and normal adjacent tissues (NATs) and using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 35 serum samples of Kazakh's ESCC and 8 serum samples of healthy subjects. To investigate mechanism, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-PKM2 was transfected into ESCC cells. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated by wound healing and Transwell assays. Apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). PKM2 expression was significantly higher in ESCC tissues (77.2 %, 78/101) compared with matched NAT (P = 0.003) and also higher in serum samples of Kazakh's ESCC patients (78.84 ng/mL) compared with healthy subjects (13.55 ng/mL) (P = 0.001). Patients with overexpression of PKM2 had a poor prognosis (P = 0.032). After knockdown of PKM2, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were significantly reduced (P = 0.001), apoptosis increased (P = 0.001), and cell cycle was arrested at G1 phase. PKM2 overexpression was significantly correlated with the worse outcome of Kazakh's ESCC. Furthermore, PKM2 was involved in progression of ESCC by promoting proliferation and suppressing apoptosis, accelerating invasion, and influencing cell cycle. PKM2 could be a potential biomarker for molecular classification of ESCC.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.|State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.|State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.|State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Lucine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vuitton
authors.affiliation: Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.|State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shutao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.|State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiangpeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.|State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.|State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiuling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ilyar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sheyhidin
authors.affiliation: Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China. luxiaomei88@163.com.|State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People's Republic of China. luxiaomei88@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000235:genetics*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000077277:Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000235:genetics*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics*; D000097810:Thyroid Hormone-Binding Proteins
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D000097810:Thyroid Hormone-Binding Proteins
keywords: ESCC; Kazakh; Malignant phenotype; PKM2