title: Noninvasive Measurement of Cerebral Blood Flow Under Anesthesia Using Arterial Spin Labeling MRI: A Pilot Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cerebral ischemia plays a major role in pathophysiology of the injured brain. Most of the currently available methods of cerebral blood flow (CBF) monitors are either indirect measure of CBF or needing radioactive agents for data acquisition. Arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI) is a noninvasive method of measuring CBF. The aim of our study was to determine the differences in the CBF values between propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia using ASL-MRI technique in mechanically ventilated patients with cerebrovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  After ethics board approval and informed consent, we measured CBF in 4 patients with moyamoya disease, using a pseudo-continuous 3D ASL sequence available on a 3.0 T MRI scanner. Patients were anesthetized first with sevoflurane (1 MAC) and then anesthesia was converted to total intravenous anesthesia with propofol (100 to 125 μg/kg/min). When the patient was in a steady state with respect to anesthesia and normocapnia (baseline PETCO2), CBF was measured under both sevoflurane and propofol anesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Quantitative estimation of both global and regional CBF was successfully performed in all patients. The mean global CBF in gray and white matter of all patients under propofol anesthesia were 38.4 and 31.6 mL/100 g/min, respectively. Similar values under sevoflurane anesthesia were 56.6 mL/100 g/min for gray matter and 42.5 mL/100 g/min for white matter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ASL-MRI is a feasible, noninvasive method of quantitative estimation of global and regional CBF in mechanically ventilated patients under anesthesia. In this pilot study CBF was consistently greater with sevoflurane than with propofol.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, University Health Network ‡Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto †Joint Department of Medical Imaging and the Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Lashmi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Venkatraghavan
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Poublanc
authors.forename: Suparna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bharadwaj
authors.forename: Olivia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sobczyk
authors.forename: Adrian P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Crawley
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Mandell
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mikulis
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013113:Spin Labels; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D013113:Spin Labels; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D015742:Propofol