title: Microneedles from Fishscale-Nanocellulose Blends Using Low Temperature Mechanical Press Method.
abstract: Fish scale biopolymer blended with nanocellulose crystals is used for production of microneedles applying mechanical press microfabrication and the effect of nanocellulose on microfabrication, water absorption, moisture stability and mechanical properties of the microneedles is reported. The results show that microneedles produced from the nanocellulose loaded fish scale biopolymer requires higher temperature for micromolding (80 ± 5 °C) than microneedles from only fish scale biopolymer, which were moldable at 50 ± 5 °C. The mechanical properties of the fish scale biopolymer-nanocellulose (FSBP-NC) films showed that the addition of nanocellulose (NC) resulted in lower elongation and higher tensile stress compared to fish scale biopolymer (FSBP) films. The nanocellulose also prevented dissolution of the needles and absorbed up to 300% and 234% its own weight in water (8% and 12% w/w NC/FSBP), whereas FSBP films dissolved completely within 1 min, Indicating that the FSBP-NC films can be used to produce microneedles with prolonged dissolution rate. FTIR spectrometry of the FSBP films was compared with the FSBP-NC films and the NC gels. The FTIR showed typical peaks for fish scale polymer and nanocellulose with evidence of interactions. SEM micrographs showed relatively good dispersion of NC in FSBP at both NC contents corresponding to 8% and 12% w/w NC/FSBP respectively.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria. ooolatunji@unilag.edu.ng.
authors.forename: Ololade
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Olatunji
authors.affiliation: Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100-44 Stockholm, Sweden. rols@KTH.se.
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Olsson
keywords: biomaterials; biopolymer; cellulose; drug delivery; fish scale; micromolding; microneedles; nanoparticles