title: Development and evaluation of low cost honey heating-cum-filtration system.
abstract: A fully mechanized honey heating-cum-filtration system was designed, developed, fabricated and evaluated for its performance. The system comprised of two sections; the top heating section and the lower filtering section. The developed system was evaluated for its performance at different process conditions (25 kg and 50 kg capacity using processing condition: 50 °C heating temperature and 60 °C heating temperature with 20 and 40 min holding time, respectively) and it was found that the total time required for heating, holding and filtration of honey was 108 and 142 min for 25 kg and 50 kg capacity of machine, respectively, irrespective of the processing conditions. The optimum capacity of the system was found to be 50 kg and it involved an investment of Rs 40,000 for its fabrication. The honey filtered through the developed filtration system was compared with the honey filtered in a high cost honey processing plant and raw honey for its microbial and biochemical (reducing sugars (%), moisture, acidity and pH) quality attributes. It was observed that the process of filtering through the developed unit resulted in reduction of microbes. The microbiological quality of honey filtered through the developed filtration system was better than that of raw honey and commercially processed honey. The treatment conditions found best in context of microbiological counts were 60 °C temperature for 20 min. There was 1.97 fold reductions in the plate count and 2.14 reductions in the fungal count of honey processed through the developed filtration system as compared to the raw honey. No coliforms were found in the processed honey. Honey processed through developed unit witnessed less moisture content, acidity and more reducing sugars as compared to raw honey, whereas its quality was comparable to the commercially processed honey.
authors.affiliation: Department of Processing and Food Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India.
authors.forename: Md Shafiq
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.affiliation: Department of Processing and Food Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Processing and Food Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India.
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Sehgal
authors.affiliation: Department of Processing and Food Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.affiliation: Department of Processing and Food Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhatia
keywords: Biochemical quality; Filtration; Heating; Honey; Microbiological quality