title: Relationships of electrocardiographic parameters with ambulatory hypertension in young and healthy adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a leading cardiovascular risk factor and a major determinant of left ventricular mass. Te aim of this study was to assess electrocardiographic (ECG) changes associated with hypertension in a large cohort of young and healthy adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy individuals aged 25–41 years without known cardiovascular disease were enrolled in a population based cohort study. Resting 12-lead ECG and ambulatory 24-hour BP measurement were obtained using validated devices. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to assess the relationships between ECG parameters and daytime hypertension, defined as systolic daytime BP≥140, diastolic BP≥90 mmHg or use of antihypertensive treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Daytime hypertension was present among 430 of 2070 (21%) participants. Significant linear relationships were observed between daytime hypertension with RR interval (odds ratio (OR) 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84 (0.78; 0.92)), R-wave amplitude in leads I and II (OR (95% CI) 2.04 (1.30; 3.19) and 1.61 (1.15; 2.24), and S-wave amplitudes in leads aVR, V1 and V2 with ORs (95% CI) of 3.28 (1.93; 5.59), 2.15 (1.51; 3.08) and 1.47 (1.18; 1.83), respectively. We also observed linear associations between daytime hypertension and T-wave amplitudes in leads V1 (OR (95% CI) 4.83 (2.35; 9.91)), V2 (2.18 (1.43; 3.32)), V4 (0.48 (0.29; 0.80)) and V5 (0.37 (0.19; 0.72)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several ECG parameters are independently associated with daytime hypertension among young and healthy adults. This is one of the first studies to show significant relationships between T wave amplitude and hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aeschbacher
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Metin
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bossard
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schoen
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mirco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: von Rotz
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mettler
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Schiller AG, 6341 Baar, Switzerland; Engineering and Information Technology, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Wankdorffeldstrasse 102, 3022 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abächerli
authors.affiliation: Labormedizinisches Zentrum Dr. Risch, 9494 Schaan, Principality of Liechtenstein; Division of Laboratory Medicine, Kantonsspital Graubünden, 7000 Chur, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Risch
authors.affiliation: Labormedizinisches Zentrum Dr. Risch, 9494 Schaan, Principality of Liechtenstein; Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Private University, 9495 Triesen, Principality of Liechtenstein.
authors.forename: Lorenz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Risch
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: david.conen@usb.ch.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Conen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Ambulatory blood pressure,; Electrocardiogram,; Hypertension,; T-wave amplitude; Ventricular repolarization,