title: Cross-sectional study indicates nearly a quarter of sheep population in Karnataka state of India is infected with ovine herpesvirus 2.
abstract: In a cross-sectional study, prevalence of ovine herpesvirus 2 (family: Herpesviridae, subfamily: Gammaherpesvirinae, genus Macavirus and species: Ovine herpesvirus 2) infection was estimated in sheep population of Karnataka state in India. Based on the three stage cluster sampling method, whole blood samples (356) of sheep were collected from 11 sheep-dense districts of the state. The samples were tested for presence of OvHV-2 genome by recommended hemi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. The true prevalence of OvHV-2 infection in sheep population of Karnataka was 24.44 %. Of the 11 district surveyed, highest true prevalence of 42.42 % (CI 25.56-59.29) was found in Raichur followed by Tumkur (39.02 %, CI 24.09-53.96). Inverse distance weighted interpolation of prevalence indicated that OvHV-2 prevalence within a given district is not uniform and there are areas of varied prevalence. The nucleotide sequence of the 422 bp DNA fragment, amplified in PCR, matched 99 % with OvHV-2 reference sequence and other sequences reported from India. Grouping of OvHV-2 sequences obtained from Karnataka with those from Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Jammu and Kashmir in the neighbour joining tree indicated a close relationship among the OvHV-2s circulating in India. This is the first study in the country where systematic screening of sheep population of a state for the presence of OvHV-2 infection has been carried out, which indicated a widespread prevalence calling for an urgent need for policy measures to prevent economic losses due to the disease in susceptible cattle and buffalo species.
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), Anand Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462021 India.
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Premkrishnan
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), Anand Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462021 India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sood
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064 India.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hemadri
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), Anand Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462021 India.
authors.forename: Kh Victoria
authors.initials: KhV
authors.lastname: Chanu
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), Anand Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462021 India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khandia
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), Anand Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462021 India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dimri
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), Anand Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462021 India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhatia
keywords: Epidemiology; India; Malignant catarrhal fever; Ovine herpesvirus 2; Sheep