title: Influence of Price and Labeling on Energy Drink Purchasing in an Experimental Convenience Store.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the impact of energy drink (ED) pricing and labeling on the purchase of EDs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants visited a laboratory-based convenience store 3 times and purchased a beverage under different ED labeling (none, caffeine content, and warning labels) and pricing conditions. The 36 participants (aged 15-30 years) were classified as energy drink consumers (≥ 2 energy drinks/wk) and nonconsumers (< 1 energy drink/mo). Data were log transformed to generate elasticity coefficients. The authors analyzed changes in elasticity as a function of price and labeling using mixed-effects regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increasing the price of EDs reduced ED purchases and increased purchasing of other caffeinated beverages among ED consumers. Energy drink labels affected ED sales in adolescents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that ED pricing and labeling may influence the purchasing of ED, especially in adolescent consumers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Electronic address: jltemple@buffalo.edu.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Temple
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.
authors.forename: Amanda M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.
authors.forename: Leonard H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Epstein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002110:Caffeine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D061215:Energy Drinks / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005515:Food Labeling; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002110:Caffeine
keywords: Food and Drug Administration; caffeine; energy drinks; labels; pricing