title: Evaluation of the effectiveness of neurofeedback in the reduction of Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a patient following high-voltage electric shock with the use of ERPs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of our research was an evaluation of the effectiveness of neurofeedback in reducing the symptoms of Post-trauma stress disorder (PTSD), which had developed as a result of a high-voltage electric burn to the head. Quantitative EEG (QEEG) and Event related potentials (ERPs) were utilised in the evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 21-year-old patient, experienced 4(th) degree burns to his head as a result of a high-voltage electric burn. The patient was repeatedly operated on and despite the severity of the injuries was to recover. However the patient complained of flashbacks, difficulties with sleeping as well as an inability to continue work in his given profession. Specialist tests were to show the presence within him of PTSD. As a result of which the patient was provided with neurofeedback therapy. The effectiveness of this therapy in the reduction (eradication) of the symptoms of PTSD were evaluated through the utilisation of qantitative eeg (Qeeg) and event related potentials (ERPs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that in the first examination that ERPs display the most significant deviations from the reference in the two components: (1) the one component is generated within the cingulate cortex. The pattern of its deviation from the norms is similar to that found in a group of OCD patients. In contrast to healthy subjects the component repeats itself twice; (2) the second component is generated in the medial prefrontal cortex. Its pattern (neuromarker) is similar to that found in PTSD patients. There is a delay in the late part of the component, which probably reflects the flashbacks. In the second examination, after neurofeedback training, the ERPs were similar to the norm. The patient returned to work.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic PTSD developed within the patient as a result of a high-voltage electric burn. The application of a method of therapy (neurofeedback) resulted in the withdrawal of the syndrome symptoms. ERPs in a GO/NOGO task can be used to plan neurofeedback and in the assessment of functional brain changes induced by neurotherapeutic programmes. Funds Collection: Private sources.
authors.affiliation: Małopolska Burns and Plastic Surgery Centre, The Rydygier Memorial Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chrapusta
authors.affiliation: 1. Chair of Neuropsychology, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Krakow, Poland 2. Center for Cognition and Communication, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pąchalska
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Vincent Pol University Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilk-Frańczuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Starczyńska
authors.affiliation: 1. The Institute of the Human Brain, The Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia 2. The Institute of Psychology, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Juri D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kropotov
mesh_terms: D002058:Burns, Electric / Q000150:complications*; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D058765:Neurofeedback; D011044:Poland; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult