title: The role of awake craniotomy in reducing intraoperative visual field deficits during tumor surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Homonymous hemianopia due to damage to the optic radiations or visual cortex is a possible consequence of tumor resection involving the temporal or occipital lobes. The purpose of this review is to present and analyze a series of studies regarding the use of awake craniotomy (AC) to decrease visual field deficits following neurosurgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was performed using the Medline and PubMed databases from 1970 and 2014 that compared various uses of AC other than intraoperative motor/somatosensory/language mapping with a focus on visual field mapping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the 17 patients analyzed in this study, 14 surgeries resulted in quadrantanopia, 1 in hemianopia, and 2 without visual deficits. Overall, patient satisfaction with AC was high, and AC was a means to reduce surgery-related complications and cost related with the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AC is a safe and tolerable procedure that can be used effectively to map optic radiations and the visual cortices in order to preserve visual function during resection of tumors infiltrating the temporal and occipital lobes. In the majority of cases, a homonymous hemianopia was prevented and patients were left with a quadrantanopia that did not interfere with daily function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Racheal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wolfson
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Soni
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Ashish H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Khadil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hosein
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Ananth
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sastry
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Amade
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bregy
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Ricardo J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Komotar
keywords: Awake craniotomy; novel uses; review