title: Characteristics of FDG-PET findings in the diagnosis of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine and delineate inflammatory focus in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), (18)F-Fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) ((18)F-FDG-PET) was applied to patients with JIA, and the images of these patients were compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-eight children (59 with systemic JIA (s-JIA) and 9 with polyarticular JIA) were included. The diagnosis of JIA was done to meet the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) criteria. After 6-h fasting, whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) scans were acquired 60 min after intravenous injection of 3-5 MBq/kg (18)F-FDG. The interpretation of (18)F-FDG uptake was based on visual characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two types of PET images were outstanding in s-JIA; one was (18)F-FDG uptake in red bone marrow, such as the spine, pelvis, and long bones as well as spleen (12 cases), and other type was the uptake in the major joints, such as hips, elbows, wrists, knees, and ankles (8 cases). The former findings were correlated with elevated levels of inflammatory markers, while the latter were with significantly increased levels of MMP-3 (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a noticeable accumulation of (18)F-FDG uptake in bone marrow of s-JIA patients which may indicate the inflammatory focus of this disease and play an important role in the pathogenic basis of arthritis and systemic inflammation of s-JIA.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatrics , Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital , Yokosuka , Japan .|b Department of Pediatrics , Yokohama City University School of Medicine , Yokosuka , Japan , and.
authors.forename: Taichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanetaka
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pediatrics , Yokohama City University Medical Center , Yokosuka , Japan.
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pediatrics , Yokohama City University School of Medicine , Yokosuka , Japan , and.
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pediatrics , Yokohama City University School of Medicine , Yokosuka , Japan , and.
authors.forename: Tomo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nozawa
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pediatrics , Yokohama City University School of Medicine , Yokosuka , Japan , and.
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pediatrics , Yokohama City University School of Medicine , Yokosuka , Japan , and.
authors.forename: Nodoka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pediatrics , Yokohama City University School of Medicine , Yokosuka , Japan , and.
authors.forename: Ryoki
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pediatrics , Yokohama City University School of Medicine , Yokosuka , Japan , and.
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pediatrics , Yokohama City University School of Medicine , Yokosuka , Japan , and.
authors.forename: Shumpei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yokota
mesh_terms: D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002648:Child; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000494:pharmacology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
keywords: Diagnosis; F-Fluoro-deoxy-glucose-positron emission tomography; Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis