title: Dexmedetomidine pharmacokinetics in the obese.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to characterize the influence of body weight and composition on the pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty obese patients and 20 non-obese patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic surgery were given dexmedetomidine infusion schemes. Venous blood samples were taken during and after dexmedetomidine administration. Population pharmacokinetic modeling was undertaken to investigate fat free mass (FFM) and normal fat mass (NFM) as size descriptors of volumes and clearances using non-linear mixed effects modeling. NFM partitions total body weight into FFM and fat mass calculated from total body weight (TBW) minus FFM. The relative influence of fat mass compared to FFM is described by the fraction of fat mass that makes fat equivalent to FFM (Ffat).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Theory-based allometric scaling using FFM best described weight and body composition differences in clearances and volumes A negative effect of fat mass of with an exponential parameter of -0.00541/kg (95 % CI -0.0118 to -0.00246) was estimated for clearance which indicates increased fat mass is associated with impairment of clearance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of theory-based allometry with predictions of fat free mass has been able to separate the influences of weight and body composition and indicates that size-normalized clearance of dexmedetomidine is impaired in patients who are obese.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anestesiología and Laboratorio Clínico, Escuela de Medicina, Hospital Clínico U. Católica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 367, PO Box: 114-D, Santiago, Chile. licorti@med.puc.cl.
authors.forename: Luis I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Cortínez
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Nick H G
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Holford
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anestesiología and Laboratorio Clínico, Escuela de Medicina, Hospital Clínico U. Católica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 367, PO Box: 114-D, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Puga
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anestesiología and Laboratorio Clínico, Escuela de Medicina, Hospital Clínico U. Católica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 367, PO Box: 114-D, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: de la Fuente
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anestesiología and Laboratorio Clínico, Escuela de Medicina, Hospital Clínico U. Católica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 367, PO Box: 114-D, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Hernán
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Auad
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio Clínico, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Solari
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio Clínico, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Fidel A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Allende
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anestesiología and Laboratorio Clínico, Escuela de Medicina, Hospital Clínico U. Católica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 367, PO Box: 114-D, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ibacache
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition; D001835:Body Weight; D020927:Dexmedetomidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D020927:Dexmedetomidine
keywords: Dexmedetomidine; Fat free mass; Obese