title: A Comprehensive Analysis of Authorship in Radiology Journals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of our study was to investigate authorship trends in radiology journals, and whether International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) recommendations have had an impact on these trends. A secondary objective was to explore other variables associated with authorship trends.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, bibliometric analysis of 49 clinical radiology journals published from 1946-2013 was conducted. The following data was exported from MEDLINE (1946 to May 2014) for each article: authors' full name, year of publication, primary author institution information, language of publication and publication type. Microsoft Excel Visual Basics for Applications scripts were programmed to categorize extracted data. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the overall mean number of authors per article over time, impact of ICMJE guidelines, authorship frequency per journal, country of origin, article type and language of publication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  216,271 articles from 1946-2013 were included. A univariate analysis of the mean authorship frequency per year of all articles yielded a linear relationship between time and authorship frequency. The mean number of authors per article in 1946 (1.42) was found to have increased consistently by 0.07 authors/ article per year (R² = 0.9728, P<0.001) to 5.79 authors/article in 2013. ICMJE guideline dissemination did not have an impact on this rise in authorship frequency. There was considerable variability in mean authors per article and change over time between journals, country of origin, language of publication and article type.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall authorship for 49 radiology journals across 68 years has increased markedly with no demonstrated impact from ICMJE guidelines. A higher number of authors per article was seen in articles from: higher impact journals, European and Asian countries, original research type, and those journals who explicitly endorse the ICMJE guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Wilfred
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.affiliation: The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Matthew D F
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: McInnes
authors.affiliation: The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Ania Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Kielar
authors.affiliation: Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Jiho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D001319:Authorship / Q000592:standards; D015706:Bibliometrics; D006801:Humans; D010506:Periodicals as Topic / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011871:Radiology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*