title: Amitriptyline for the treatment of fibromyalgia: a comprehensive review.
abstract: Fibromyalgia is characterized by chronic generalized pain accompanied by a wide range of clinical manifestations. Most clinical practice guidelines recommend multidisciplinary treatment using a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies. The tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline has been most thoroughly studied in fibromyalgia. Amitriptyline has been evaluated in placebo-controlled studies, and it has served as an active comparator to other therapeutic interventions in the treatment of fibromyalgia. In addition, several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have evaluated its efficacy and safety for the treatment of fibromyalgia. Data from individual studies as well as from systematic reviews indicate that low doses (10-75 mg/day) of amitriptyline are effective for the treatment of fibromyalgia and, despite the limited quality of the data, they do not seem to be associated with relevant tolerability or safety issues. Consistent with some clinical guidelines, we believe amitriptyline in low doses should be considered a first-line drug for the treatment of fibromyalgia.
authors.affiliation: a Universidad de Granada, Instituto de Neurociencias, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rico-Villademoros
authors.affiliation: a Universidad de Granada, Instituto de Neurociencias, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Slim
authors.forename: Elena P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Calandre
mesh_terms: D000639:Amitriptyline / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D000639:Amitriptyline
keywords: amitriptyline; antidepressants; clinical practice guidelines; fibromyalgia management; randomized clinical trials; review; systematic reviews