title: Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the cardiovascular system after oral administration.
abstract: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been widely used in various consumer products, especially food and personal care products. Compared to the well-characterized adverse cardiovascular effect of inhaled ambient ultrafine particles, research on the health response to orally administrated TiO2 NPs is still limited. In our study, we performed an in vivo study in Sprague-Dawley rats to understand the cardiovascular effect of TiO2 NPs after oral intake. After daily gastrointestinal administration of TiO2 NPs at 0, 2, 10, 50 mg/kg for 30 and 90 days, heart rate (HR), blood pressure, blood biochemical parameters and histopathology of cardiac tissues was assessed to quantify cardiovascular damage. Mild and temporary reduction of HR and systolic blood pressure as well as an increase of diastolic blood pressure was observed after daily oral administration of TiO2 NPs for 30 days. Injury of cardiac function was observed after daily oral administration of TiO2 NPs for 90 days as reflected in decreased activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH) and creatine kinase (CK). Increased white blood cells count (WBC) and granulocytes (GRN) in blood as well as increased concentrations of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the serum indicated inflammatory response initiated by TiO2 NPs exposure. It was hypothesize that cardiac damage and inflammatory response are the possible mechanisms of the adverse cardiovascular effects induced by orally administrated TiO2 NPs. Data from our study suggested that even at low dose of TiO2 NPs can induce adverse cardiovascular effects after 30 days or 90 days of oral exposure, thus warranting concern for the dietary intake of TiO2 NPs for consumers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China. Electronic address: czjczj01@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhangjian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China. Electronic address: wangyun@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China. Electronic address: jolin9017@sohu.com.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China. Electronic address: chanvip@163.com.
authors.forename: Shi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China. Electronic address: sdjnzhaolin@163.com.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China. Electronic address: luanxianguo3105@126.com.
authors.forename: Xianguo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology,Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China. Electronic address: hwang@shu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Haifang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China. Electronic address: jiaguangjia@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014025:Titanium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Cardiac damage; Cardiovascular effect; Inflammatory response; Oral administration; Titanium dioxide nanoparticles