title: Additive-dominance genetic model analyses for late-maturity alpha-amylase activity in a bread wheat factorial crossing population.
abstract: Elevated level of late maturity α-amylase activity (LMAA) can result in low falling number scores, reduced grain quality, and downgrade of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) class. A mating population was developed by crossing parents with different levels of LMAA. The F2 and F3 hybrids and their parents were evaluated for LMAA, and data were analyzed using the R software package 'qgtools' integrated with an additive-dominance genetic model and a mixed linear model approach. Simulated results showed high testing powers for additive and additive × environment variances, and comparatively low powers for dominance and dominance × environment variances. All variance components and their proportions to the phenotypic variance for the parents and hybrids were significant except for the dominance × environment variance. The estimated narrow-sense heritability and broad-sense heritability for LMAA were 14 and 54%, respectively. High significant negative additive effects for parents suggest that spring wheat cultivars 'Lancer' and 'Chester' can serve as good general combiners, and that 'Kinsman' and 'Seri-82' had negative specific combining ability in some hybrids despite of their own significant positive additive effects, suggesting they can be used as parents to reduce LMAA levels. Seri-82 showed very good general combining ability effect when used as a male parent, indicating the importance of reciprocal effects. High significant negative dominance effects and high-parent heterosis for hybrids demonstrated that the specific hybrid combinations; Chester × Kinsman, 'Lerma52' × Lancer, Lerma52 × 'LoSprout' and 'Janz' × Seri-82 could be generated to produce cultivars with significantly reduced LMAA level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57006, USA. rasulg27@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Golam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rasul
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57006, USA.
authors.forename: Karl D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57006, USA.
authors.forename: Padmanaban G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57006, USA.
authors.forename: Jixiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Bayer CropScience LP, Lincoln, NE, USA.
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Berzonsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Amir M H
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
mesh_terms: D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D006823:Hybrid Vigor / Q000235:genetics*; D008957:Models, Genetic; D014908:Triticum / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000516:alpha-Amylases
keywords: Additive-dominance; Bread wheat; General combining ability; Heterosis; Late-maturity alpha-amylase; Specific combining ability