title: Association Between Depression and Acute Pain in Adults Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bhubaneswar.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent burden on health care organization due to acute pain and simultaneous rise in the depression cases have been ringing alarms among the medical professionals.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was taken up with a hypothesis that acute pain and depression are inter-linked and any acute painful condition leads to some behavioural and psycho-somatic effects which needs to be detected at the earliest possible.
  
  
  METHODS
  This relationship was established by designing a cross-sectional study where four most common causes of acute pain (i.e. post-labour, post-caesarean, postoperative, dental conditions) were studied in 70 subjects each and compared with 70 subjects of control group who presented to a tertiary care hospital in Bhubaneswar, without any painful condition or underlying depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Various pain scales (Visual Analogue Scale- VAS, Verbal Rating Scale - VRS, Box Scale) were used to assess the degree of pain while Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was used to assess the level of depression in these subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using SPSS version 16 software, the correlation coefficient was determined between the depression levels and acute pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was seen that the geriatric populations were more depressed, while the older adults perceived more pain. The females differed from males in their pain perception; they were more depressed and proved to be more tolerant to painful conditions such as post-partum acute painful conditions. Dental pain was found to be the second most reported painful condition after postoperative acute pain. A statistically significant strong correlation was established between depression and acute pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus the psychosomatic component of pain needs to be evaluated on a priority basis by health providers.
authors.affiliation: BDS Student, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University , Bhubaneswar, India .
authors.forename: Diplina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barman
authors.affiliation: Senior Resident, Department of Physiology, JIPMER , Puducherry, India .
authors.forename: Soumya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Physiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University , Bhubaneswar, India .
authors.forename: Jayanti
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University , Bhubaneswar, India .
authors.forename: Pranab
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mahapatra
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University , Bhubaneswar, India .
authors.forename: Magna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manjareeka
keywords: MADRS scale; Pain scales; Psychosomatic