title: Nocturnal enuresis in women and its relation to urinary incontinence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis (NE) in Egyptian women, its relation to urinary incontinence (UI), and the impact on their quality of life (QoL).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study involving 350 women, using multistage sampling to recruit them. The inclusion criterion was women aged ⩾18 years who lived in the Ismailia governorate. Four trained nurses interviewed the women at their houses in two areas selected randomly, one rural and one urban. The Arabic validated International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form was used to assess the symptoms of UI, frequency and severity of urinary leakage, impact on QoL, and the presence of NE. The results were analysed statistically using appropriate methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the women was 42.46 years. The prevalence of adult-onset NE was 12/350 (3.4%), and this increased significantly with increasing age and history of previous surgery (e.g., hysterectomy) (P < 0.05). There was a statistically significant association between NE and UI, as 11 of 12 women with NE had UI; most (seven of the 12) had mixed UI. The mean QoL score of NE, UI alone and normal subjects was 6.8, 4.7 and 0.02, respectively (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall prevalence of adult-onset NE was 3.4% amongst Egyptian women. The presence of NE correlated positively with UI, and UI had a negative impact on the QoL of women, but NE had a greater impact.
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Suez Canal University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hassan A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Abdelwahab
authors.affiliation: Family Medicine Department, Suez Canal University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Enayat M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Soltan
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Suez Canal University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mokhtar A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Metawee
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Suez Canal University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mahmoud H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sherief
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Suez Canal University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Adel H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Metwally
keywords: Adult-onset; BMI, body mass index; Female urinary incontinence; ICIQ-SF, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form; NE, nocturnal enuresis; Nocturnal enuresis; OAB, overactive bladder; QoL, quality of life; UI, urinary incontinence