title: Organelle Simple Sequence Repeat Markers Help to Distinguish Carpelloid Stamen and Normal Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Sources in Broccoli.
abstract: We previously discovered carpelloid stamens when breeding cytoplasmic male sterile lines in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica). In this study, hybrids and multiple backcrosses were produced from different cytoplasmic male sterile carpelloid stamen sources and maintainer lines. Carpelloid stamens caused dysplasia of the flower structure and led to hooked or coiled siliques with poor seed setting, which were inherited in a maternal fashion. Using four distinct carpelloid stamens and twelve distinct normal stamens from cytoplasmic male sterile sources and one maintainer, we used 21 mitochondrial simple sequence repeat (mtSSR) primers and 32 chloroplast SSR primers to identify a mitochondrial marker, mtSSR2, that can differentiate between the cytoplasm of carpelloid and normal stamens. Thereafter, mtSSR2 was used to identify another 34 broccoli accessions, with an accuracy rate of 100%. Analysis of the polymorphic sequences revealed that the mtSSR2 open reading frame of carpelloid stamen sterile sources had a deletion of 51 bases (encoding 18 amino acids) compared with normal stamen materials. The open reading frame is located in the coding region of orf125 and orf108 of the mitochondrial genomes in Brassica crops and had the highest similarity with Raphanus sativus and Brassica carinata. The current study has not only identified a useful molecular marker to detect the cytoplasm of carpelloid stamens during broccoli breeding, but it also provides evidence that the mitochondrial genome is maternally inherited and provides a basis for studying the effect of the cytoplasm on flower organ development in plants.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors.forename: Jinshuai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors.forename: Yumei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors.forename: Zhansheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors.forename: Limei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors.forename: Mu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors.forename: Yangyong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors.forename: Honghao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lv
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001937:Brassica / Q000235:genetics*; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000235:genetics; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D035264:Flowers; D005638:Fruit; D017343:Genes, Plant; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D010940:Plant Proteins