title: Modeling Interoperable Information Systems with 3LGM² and IHE.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Strategic planning of information systems (IS) in healthcare requires descriptions of the current and the future IS state. Enterprise architecture planning (EAP) tools like the 3LGM² tool help to build up and to analyze IS models. A model of the planned architecture can be derived from an analysis of current state IS models. Building an interoperable IS, i. e. an IS consisting of interoperable components, can be considered a relevant strategic information management goal for many IS in healthcare. Integrating the healthcare enterprise (IHE) is an initiative which targets interoperability by using established standards.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To link IHE concepts to 3LGM² concepts within the 3LGM² tool. To describe how an information manager can be supported in handling the complex IHE world and planning interoperable IS using 3LGM² models. To describe how developers or maintainers of IHE profiles can be supported by the representation of IHE concepts in 3LGM².
  
  
  METHODS
  Conceptualization and concept mapping methods are used to assign IHE concepts such as domains, integration profiles actors and transactions to the concepts of the three-layer graph-based meta-model (3LGM²).
  
  
  RESULTS
  IHE concepts were successfully linked to 3LGM² concepts. An IHE-master-model, i. e. an abstract model for IHE concepts, was modeled with the help of 3LGM² tool. Two IHE domains were modeled in detail (ITI, QRPH). We describe two use cases for the representation of IHE concepts and IHE domains as 3LGM² models. Information managers can use the IHE-master-model as reference model for modeling interoperable IS based on IHE profiles during EAP activities. IHE developers are supported in analyzing consistency of IHE concepts with the help of the IHE-master-model and functions of the 3LGM² tool
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The complex relations between IHE concepts can be modeled by using the EAP method 3LGM². 3LGM² tool offers visualization and analysis features which are now available for the IHE-master-model. Thus information managers and IHE developers can use or develop IHE profiles systematically. In order to improve the usability and handling of the IHE-master-model and its usage as a reference model, some further refinements have to be done. Evaluating the use of the IHE-master-model by information managers and IHE developers is subject to further research.
authors.affiliation: Sebastian Stäubert, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16, 04107 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stäubert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schaaf
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jahn
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brandner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Winter
mesh_terms: D003196:Computer Graphics; D057286:Electronic Health Records / Q000458:organization & administration*; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D063005:Health Information Systems / Q000458:organization & administration*; D038622:Internationality; D008498:Medical Record Linkage / Q000592:standards*; D017146:Models, Organizational; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D018511:Systems Integration
keywords: 3LGM²; EAP; IHE; Information systems; enterprise architecture planning; health information systems; integrating the healthcare enterprise; modeling; systems integration; three-layer graph-based meta-model