title: Hormone concentration, metabolic disorders and immunoexpression of androgen and estrogen-alpha receptors in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia and testosterone deficiency syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A slight decrease in blood testosterone level in men is a physiological state associated with the aging. The aim of our study was to evaluate the occurrence of hormone and metabolic disorders, as well as the immunolocalization and immunoexpression of androgen receptors (AR) and estrogen-alpha receptors (ERa) in the prostates of men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and coexisting testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved 150 men, diagnosed with and receiving pharmacological treatment for BPH. Concentrations of glucose, total cholesterol (TCh), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and triglycerides (TG) were determined in blood serum. Serum concentrations of total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), insulin (I), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were measured by ELISA. The number of AR-positive cells and ERa-positive cells were measured in prostate sections of men with BPH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients eligible for transurethral resection of the prostate and TDS were significantly more likely to have higher abdominal circumference and higher serum levels of insulin and IGF-1 as well as lower levels of FT and SHBG than control subjects with BPH and no TDS. Quantitative analysis revealed 35.8% AR-positive colum-nar epithelial cells and 24.3% AR-positive stromal cells in prostates of BPH patients with TDS and 30.5% and 23.0%, respectively, in BPH patients without TDS. However, the differences between the study and the control groups were statistically not significant. In prostates of BPH patients with TDS the immunoexpression of ERa was observed in 2.88% of the columnar epithelial cells and 0.39% of stromal cells. In BPH patients without TDS ERa-positive cells were only found in 0.04% of columnar epithelial cells and 0.62% of prostatic stromal cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering the statistically significantly higher levels of I and IGF-1 and larger abdominal circumference of men with BPH and TT deficiency, it can be supposed that visceral obesity and carbohydrate disorders may contribute to the reduction of testosterone concentration. The results of our study indicate a relationship between TT concentration in the plasma of patients with BPH and the percentage of AR-positive cells in the prostate.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ryl
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland. iwona.rotter@pum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rotter
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Slojewski
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dolegowska
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grabowska
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Baranowska-Bosiacka
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laszczynska
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D006728:Hormones; D011944:Receptors, Androgen
keywords: AR; ERα; IGF-I; IHC; benign prostatic hyperplasia; insulin; testosterone deficiency syndrome