title: Important co-morbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus in three clinics in Western Kenya.
abstract: METHODS
  Diabetes clinics in three hospitals in Western Kenya: Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital and two associated district hospitals.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the proportion of diabetes patients with a history of tuberculosis (  TB), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV  ) infection and tobacco smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive study using routinely collected data from patient records in the three diabetes clinics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1376 patients analyzed, 750 (55%) were female. The mean age of the patients in the clinics was 53.5 years (95%CI 52.2-54.8), with an average duration of diabetes of 8.1 years (95%CI 7.6-8.7). Of all patients, 5.6% reported a history of TB, similar to the frequency about 20 years earlier (1990) in Tanzania. Only 30% of the patients reported knowing their HIV status; 6% were HIV-positive. A history of tobacco smoking was reported by 3.8% of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HIV epidemic does not seem to have significantly changed the relationship between TB and diabetes mellitus (DM) in this cohort of diabetes patients. The frequency of HIV and TB in this special population was comparable to that in the general population, and only a small proportion of patients reported a history of tobacco smoking.
authors.affiliation: United States Agency for International Development-Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (USAID-AMPATH)/Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya.
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Kirui
authors.affiliation: United States Agency for International Development-Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (USAID-AMPATH)/Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya ; Purdue University College of Pharmacy, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA ; Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Pastakia
authors.affiliation: United States Agency for International Development-Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (USAID-AMPATH)/Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kamano
authors.affiliation: Purdue University College of Pharmacy, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Kitale District Hospital, Kitale, Kenya.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Manuthu
authors.affiliation: Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya ; Webuye District Hospital, Webuye, Kenya.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chege
authors.affiliation: Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.affiliation: Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mwangi
authors.affiliation: International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Enarson
authors.affiliation: Operational Research Unit, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), Operational Centre Brussels, MSF-Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.affiliation: Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya ; Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Carter
keywords: Kenya; diabetes mellitus; operational research; tuberculosis