title: Rapid detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 strains by the polymerase chain reaction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infection with Salmonella enterica is a major public health concern in developed countries, and multidrug-resistant strains have become increasingly prevalent. S. enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 (DT104) strains are prevalent in livestock in Japan and include numerous strains of multidrug-resistant S. enterica. Epidemiological analysis of these strains is critical for both agriculture and public health; however, diagnostic tests for these strains have yielded inconsistent results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We developed a rapid, simple, and inexpensive polymerase chain reaction test to detect multi-drug resistant DT104 strains. We designed primers specific to the prophage ST104 sequence encoded by DT104 strains and assessed the specificity of these primers by assaying a panel of 50 S. enterica isolates. Amplification products of the expected size were generated from the genomes of each of the DT104 strains; however, the ST104 primers failed to amplify products from non-DT104 strains of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium or other S. enterica serovars. Furthermore, a probe generated using the ST104 primers detected a restriction fragment encoding the ST104 region of DT104 by Southern hybridization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ST104 primers exhibit specificity to DT104 strains and are suitable for epidemiological applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Animal Science, College of Life Science, Kurashiki University of Science and The Arts, 2640 Tsurajimachou Nisinoura, Kurashiki-shi, Okayama, 712-8505, Japan. yukawa@sci.kusa.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shoichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yukawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyoudaimidorimachi, Ebetsu-shi, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan. tamuray@rakuno.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, 4 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, 062-0045, Japan. kiyochan@affrc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, 4 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, 062-0045, Japan. ikuouchi@affrc.go.jp.|United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, 15 Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan. ikuouchi@affrc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Uchida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D007564:Japan; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000191:economics; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents