title: Morphokinetics analysis of embryos derived from vitrified/warmed oocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oocyte vitrification is a worldwide used technique that has proved its worth. Although it was shown not to alter oocyte integrity, a recent study concluded that it may affect oocyte embryo development. As the morphology and kinetics of embryos derived from sibling fresh and vitrified oocytes have not been described previously, the present study evaluates cleavage rate, blastomeres size, fragmentation rate, and blastocyst formation in vitrified/warmed oocyte derived embryos (VODE) as compared with sibling fresh oocytes derived embryos (FODE).
  
  
  METHODS
  This investigation included 90 infertility cases displaying large cohort of mature oocytes at pick up, divided into 2 groups after denudation. A part of oocytes underwent ICSI while others were vitrified. Oocyte warming cycles were performed when no pregnancy was achieved using fresh eggs. Zygote to blastocyst development was recorded prospectively in an image database up to day 5.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VODE did not show major difference as compared with FODE in terms of cleavage rate, number of blastomeres, fragmentation rate, and blastomeres size. Furthermore, percentage of morulae at day 4 and blastocysts at day 5 are not affected by oocyte vitrification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although our results show that embryo development is not altered by oocyte vitrification, offspring follow-up is essential to exclude any adverse developmental effect of the technique.
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine et Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital Saint-Joseph, 26 boulevard de Louvain, 13008, Marseille, France. debbie_montjean@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Montjean
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine et Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital Saint-Joseph, 26 boulevard de Louvain, 13008, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Geoffroy-Siraudin
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine et Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital Saint-Joseph, 26 boulevard de Louvain, 13008, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gervoise-Boyer
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine et Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital Saint-Joseph, 26 boulevard de Louvain, 13008, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tourame
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine et Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital Saint-Joseph, 26 boulevard de Louvain, 13008, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boyer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D058989:Vitrification
keywords: Blastocyst; Blastomeres; Embryo development; Fragmentation; Oocyte vitrification