title: Phylogeographic patterns in suckermouth catfish Hypostomus ancistroides (Loricariidae): dispersion, vicariance and species complexity across a Neotropical biogeographic region.
abstract: The upper Paraná River system (UP) is a highly diverse biogeographic province for freshwater fishes, but little is known about processes which shaped that diversity. This study describes the phylogeographic pattern in Hypostomus ancistroides, a suckermouth catfish species that is widespread in the UP and also reported from the adjoining Ribeira do Iguape basin. We used complete mtDNA sequences of ATPase 6/8 of 162 specimens to infer haplotype distribution using phylogenetic and demographic analyses and a Bayesian molecular clock. Results suggest that during the Quaternary H. ancistroides has undergone superimposed phylogeographic histories, alternating between isolation and subsequent merging of different populations. Occurrence of an isolated population on the Ribeira de Iguape is demonstrated to be a Pleistocene headwater capture event. Widely distributed haplotypes indicate deep genetic differences and suggest that populations of H. ancistroides were isolated for considerable time, but did not undergo speciation because of recurrent population mixing.
authors.affiliation: a Laboratório de Genética Pesqueira e da Conservação, Departamento de Genética , Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil .|b Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Setor de Peixes , Avenida Nazaré 481 , São Paulo, SP , Brazil .
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hollanda Carvalho
authors.affiliation: c Laboratório de Ictiologia Sistemática e Evolutiva, Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte , Natal , RN , Brazil .
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maia Queiroz Lima
authors.affiliation: d Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Biologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupélia) , Maringá, PR , Brazil , and.
authors.forename: Cláudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Henrique Zawadzki
authors.affiliation: e Laboratório de Biologia de Peixes, Departamento de Morfologia , Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista , Botucatu , SP , Brazil.
authors.forename: Cláudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: b Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Setor de Peixes , Avenida Nazaré 481 , São Paulo, SP , Brazil .
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Pinna
mesh_terms: D063147:Animal Distribution; D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D002397:Catfishes / Q000235:genetics*; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D045483:Rivers
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins
keywords: Headwater capture; Neotropical fish fauna; Ribeira de Iguape basin; phylogeography; speciation; upper Paraná River system