title: Liking, salt taste perception and use of table salt when consuming reduced-salt chicken stews in light of South Africa's new salt regulations.
abstract: This study investigated the impact of salt reduction on liking, salt taste perception, and use of table salt when consuming chicken stew in light of South Africa's new salt recommendations. In total, 432 South-African consumers (aged 35.2 ± 12.3 years) consumed a full portion of a chicken stew meal once at a central location. Four stock cube powders varying in salt content were used to prepare chicken stews: 1) no reduction - 2013 Na level; regular salt level as currently available on the South African market (24473 mg Na/100 g), 2) salt reduction smaller than 2016 level, i.e. 10%-reduced (22025 mg Na/100 g), 3) 2016 salt level, as per regulatory prescriptions (18000 mg Na/100 g), 4) 2019 salt level, as per regulatory prescriptions (13000 mg Na/100 g). Consumers were randomly allocated to consume one of the four meals. Liking, salt taste perception, and use of table salt and pepper were measured. Chicken stews prepared with reduced-salt stock powders were equally well-liked as chicken stews with the current salt level. Moreover, a gradual reduction of the salt in the chicken stews resulted in a reduced salt intake, up to an average of 19% for the total group compared to the benchmark 2013 Na level stew. However, 19% of consumers compensated by adding salt back to full compensation in some cases. More salt was added with increased reductions of salt in the meals, even to the point of full compensation. Further investigation into the impacts of nutrition communication and education about salt reduction on salt taste perception and use is needed. This research provides new consumer insights on salt use and emphasises the need for consumer-focused behaviour change approaches, in addition to reformulation of products.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Food Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa. Electronic address: riette.dekock@up.ac.za.
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: De Kock
authors.affiliation: Consumer Science, Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Zandstra
authors.affiliation: Nutrition & Health, Unilever South Africa, South Africa.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sayed
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa; Medical Research Council Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wentzel-Viljoen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011200:Poultry; D011897:Random Allocation; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000592:standards*; D013019:South Africa; D013649:Taste; D055697:Taste Perception; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary
keywords: Chicken stew; Consumer liking; Meals; Salt reduction