title: Predictors of willingness to pay for physical activity of socially vulnerable groups in community-based programs.
abstract: Willingness to pay (WTP) is used to assess individuals' value attribution to health-related quality of life interventions. Little is known about predictors of WTP for sport and physical activity in socially vulnerable groups in community-based physical activity (CBHEPA) programs. This study addresses the questions: What is the WTP for sport and physical activity of participants in CBHEPA programs, expressed in WTPmoney and WTPtime? Which factors predict WTPmoney and WTPtime? From the literature, predictors for WTP for sport and physical activity were identified: (1) personal and socio-economic predictors: income, education, age, and ethnic origin, (2) health-related predictors: perceived health, life satisfaction, sense of coherence, self-efficacy, (3) sport and physical activity-related predictors: duration and frequency of participation, leisure-time sport or physical activity, sport club membership, enjoyment, and membership fee. Data were gathered for WTPmoney and WTPtime (n = 268) in 19 groups in an evaluation study of CBHEPA programs. Ordered probit was used for analyses. WTPmoney was a monthly average of €9.6. WTPtime was on average 17.6 min travel time. Income was found as predictor for both WTPmoney and WTPtime. Other predictors for WTPmoney were: duration and frequency of program participation, enjoyment, and (former) sport club membership. Low income and younger age were found as predictors for WTPtime. Predictors for WTPmoney are related to income and sport and physical activity experiences, for WTPtime to income and age. Short-term program satisfaction is probably more decisive for WTPmoney than long-term perspectives of improving health-related quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Social Sciences Group, Chair Group Health and Society, Wageningen University and Research, Hollandseweg 1, Postbus 8130, 6700 EW Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marion C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Herens
authors.affiliation: Social Sciences Group, Chair Group Economics of Consumers and Households, Wageningen University and Research, Hollandseweg 1, Postbus 8130, 6700 EW Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johan A C
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: van Ophem
authors.affiliation: Social Sciences Group, Chair Group Health and Society, Wageningen University and Research, Hollandseweg 1, Postbus 8130, 6700 EW Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Annemarie M A E
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Wagemakers
authors.affiliation: Social Sciences Group, Chair Group Health and Society, Wageningen University and Research, Hollandseweg 1, Postbus 8130, 6700 EW Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Koelen
keywords: Community-based; Health-related quality of life; Socially vulnerable groups; Sport and physical activity; Willingness to pay