title: [Radiation-free diagnosis of scoliosis : An overview of the surface and spine topography].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Scoliosis is a complex three-dimensional deformity of the spine, which usually occurs during childhood and adolescence. Up to now, whole spine X-rays have been the therapeutic gold standard in the diagnosis and follow-up of scoliosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This review gives a brief overview of the history, technical background and possible fields of use for video-rasterstereography
  
  
  METHODS
  Alternative measurement systems have been developed over the past few years for the treatment of scoliosis, because of the risk of radiation exposure of X-rays. The rasterstereographic system Formetric (Diers International GmbH, Schlagenbad) allows a radiation-free, three-dimensional analysis of the back surface and the spine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even dynamic measurements can now be conducted with this rasterstereographic system, which will help to further understand and analyze the human spine.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Orthopädie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland. mbetsch@ukaachen.de.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Betsch
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Orthopädie, Unfall- und Handchirurgie, Klinikum Darmstadt, Grafenstraße 9, 64283, Darmstadt, Deutschland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wild
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Orthopädie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rath
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Orthopädie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tingart
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Orthopädie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Orthopädie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Quack
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008029:Lighting / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods*; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods*; D011859:Radiography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D041622:Tomography, Optical / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D014741:Video Recording / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
keywords: Posture; Spinal curvatures; Spine; Stereophotogrammetry; Three-dimensional imaging