title: Development of the National Health Information Systems in Botswana: Pitfalls, prospects and lessons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies evaluating development of health information systems in developing countries are limited. Most of the available studies are based on pilot projects or cross-sectional studies. We took a longitudinal approach to analysing the development of Botswana's health information systems.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to: (i) trace the development of the national health information systems in Botswana (ii) identify pitfalls during development and prospects that could be maximized to strengthen the system; and (iii) draw lessons for Botswana and other countries working on establishing or improving their health information systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article is based on data collected through document analysis and key informant interviews with policy makers, senior managers and staff of the Ministry of Health and senior officers from various stakeholder organizations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lack of central coordination, weak leadership, weak policy and regulatory frameworks, and inadequate resources limited development of the national health information systems in Botswana. Lack of attention to issues of organizational structure is one of the major pitfalls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ongoing reorganization of the Ministry of Health provides opportunity to reposition the health information system function. The current efforts including development of the health information management policy and plan could enhance the health information management system.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health Gaborone, Botswana.
authors.forename: Onalenna
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Seitio-Kgokgwe
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Robin D C
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Gauld
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Philip C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barnett
keywords: Botswana; developing health information systems; health information systems; national health information system