title: Minimum information for reporting next generation sequence genotyping (MIRING): Guidelines for reporting HLA and KIR genotyping via next generation sequencing.
abstract: The development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies for HLA and KIR genotyping is rapidly advancing knowledge of genetic variation of these highly polymorphic loci. NGS genotyping is poised to replace older methods for clinical use, but standard methods for reporting and exchanging these new, high quality genotype data are needed. The Immunogenomic NGS Consortium, a broad collaboration of histocompatibility and immunogenetics clinicians, researchers, instrument manufacturers and software developers, has developed the Minimum Information for Reporting Immunogenomic NGS Genotyping (MIRING) reporting guidelines. MIRING is a checklist that specifies the content of NGS genotyping results as well as a set of messaging guidelines for reporting the results. A MIRING message includes five categories of structured information - message annotation, reference context, full genotype, consensus sequence and novel polymorphism - and references to three categories of accessory information - NGS platform documentation, read processing documentation and primary data. These eight categories of information ensure the long-term portability and broad application of this NGS data for all current histocompatibility and immunogenetics use cases. In addition, MIRING can be extended to allow the reporting of genotype data generated using pre-NGS technologies. Because genotyping results reported using MIRING are easily updated in accordance with reference and nomenclature databases, MIRING represents a bold departure from previous methods of reporting HLA and KIR genotyping results, which have provided static and less-portable data. More information about MIRING can be found online at miring.immunogenomics.org.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA. Electronic address: SJMACK@CHORI.ORG.
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Mack
authors.affiliation: National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Milius
authors.affiliation: One Lambda, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Brown Deer, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Gifford
authors.affiliation: DKMS German Bone Marrow Donor Center, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sauter
authors.affiliation: DKMS German Bone Marrow Donor Center, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Kazutoyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Osoegawa
authors.affiliation: Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK; University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mathijs
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Groeneweg
authors.affiliation: Bioinformatics, Roche Sequencing, Pleasanton, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Turenchalk
authors.affiliation: Bioinformatics, Roche Sequencing, Pleasanton, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adai
authors.affiliation: Roche Molecular Systems, Pleasanton, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Cherie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Holcomb
authors.affiliation: GenDX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Erik H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Rozemuller
authors.affiliation: GenDX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maarten T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Penning
authors.affiliation: National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Heuer
authors.affiliation: Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Chunlin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Marc L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Salit
authors.affiliation: DKMS German Bone Marrow Donor Center, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Parham
authors.affiliation: Zentrales Knochenmarkspender-Register Deutschland, Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Carlheinz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Omixon, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hague
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Gottfried
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Viňa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jill A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hollenbach
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.affiliation: National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maiers
mesh_terms: D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing; D006801:Humans; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying / Q000235:genetics*; D058028:Research Report / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying
keywords: Data standards; Genotyping; HLA; KIR; MIRING; NGS