title: Resilient Wireless Sensor Networks Using Topology Control: A Review.
abstract: Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) may be deployed in failure-prone environments, and WSNs nodes easily fail due to unreliable wireless connections, malicious attacks and resource-constrained features. Nevertheless, if WSNs can tolerate at most losing k - 1 nodes while the rest of nodes remain connected, the network is called k - connected. k is one of the most important indicators for WSNs' self-healing capability. Following a WSN design flow, this paper surveys resilience issues from the topology control and multi-path routing point of view. This paper provides a discussion on transmission and failure models, which have an important impact on research results. Afterwards, this paper reviews theoretical results and representative topology control approaches to guarantee WSNs to be k - connected at three different network deployment stages: pre-deployment, post-deployment and re-deployment. Multi-path routing protocols are discussed, and many NP-complete or NP-hard problems regarding topology control are identified. The challenging open issues are discussed at the end. This paper can serve as a guideline to design resilient WSNs.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Tecnologías Software y Sistemas Multimedia para la Sostenibilidad (CITSEM), Campus Sur Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Ctra. de Valencia, km. 7. 28031 Madrid, Spain. yuanjiang@diatel.upm.es.
authors.forename: Yuanjiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Tecnologías Software y Sistemas Multimedia para la Sostenibilidad (CITSEM), Campus Sur Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Ctra. de Valencia, km. 7. 28031 Madrid, Spain. jf.martinez@upm.es.
authors.forename: José-Fernán
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Tecnologías Software y Sistemas Multimedia para la Sostenibilidad (CITSEM), Campus Sur Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Ctra. de Valencia, km. 7. 28031 Madrid, Spain. jsendra@etsist.upm.es.
authors.forename: Juana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sendra
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Tecnologías Software y Sistemas Multimedia para la Sostenibilidad (CITSEM), Campus Sur Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Ctra. de Valencia, km. 7. 28031 Madrid, Spain. lourdes.lopez@upm.es.
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: López
keywords: fault tolerance; fault-tolerant; resilience; self-healing; topology control; wireless sensor networks