title: CD163/Hemoglobin Oxygenase-1 Pathway Regulates Inflammation in Hematoma Surrounding Tissues after Intracerebral Hemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in the expression of CD163 and hemoglobin oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in brain tissue surrounding hematomas after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and correlations with other factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Brain tissues in the close surrounding of ICH hematomas (n = 27, ICH group) were collected at 6 hours or less, 6-24 hours, 24-72 hours, and more than 72 hours after bleeding onset, and more distant tissues (n = 12, control group) were histologically analyzed with hematoxylin and eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy. Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, as well as the expression of CD163 and HO-1, were assessed using immunochemistry, Western blotting, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Apoptosis rates were determined with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expressions of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were increased at 6-24 hours (P <.05), reached a peak at 24-72 hours (P <.001 and P <.01), at which time histopathological changes became most obvious and apoptosis rates were highest, but diminished for more than 72 hours after ICH onset. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 peaked at 6-24 hours (P < .01) after ICH onset but dropped in the following periods to lower levels than the control (P <.05). CD163 and HO-1 expressions gradually increased from 6 to 24 hours to peaks at more than 72 hours after ICH onset (P <.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The highest inflammation level in tissues surrounding ICH hematomas occurred 2-3 days after bleeding onset, but was accompanied by an anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 expression enhancement. In the period of more than 72 hours after ICH onset, CD163 and HO-1 expressions reached peaks and inflammatory cytokine expressions dropped.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: BaoHua
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou 325000, China. Electronic address: hubeilei902@126.com.
authors.forename: BeiLei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: ShengMin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Provence, No. 150, Xi Men Street, Taizhou 317000, China.
authors.forename: LiuBo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: GuangHui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: XiaoTong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism*; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006406:Hematoma / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D000098902:CD163 Antigen
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D000098902:CD163 Antigen; D016207:Cytokines; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1
keywords: CD163; HO-1; Intracerebral hemorrhage; TNF-α; inflammation