title: Mycotoxins and cyanogenic glycosides in staple foods of three indigenous people of the Colombian Amazon.
abstract: A study was conducted to determine the incidence and levels of mycotoxins in the main staple foods of three indigenous people of the Colombian Amazon. A total of 20 corn, 24 rice and 59 cassava samples were analysed by a multi-analyte liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method covering the major classes of mycotoxins. In addition, cassava samples were also analysed for cyanogenic glycosides. The indigenous Amazon communities tested are exposed to potentially carcinogenic mycotoxins (particularly aflatoxins), as well as other mycotoxins, mainly through the intake of locally grown corn. Citrinin content in this corn was unusually high and has not been reported elsewhere. Two cassava samples contained high levels of cyanogenic glycosides. It is strongly recommended not to grow corn in the Amazon but instead purchase it from vendors capable of guaranteeing mycotoxin levels below the maximum allowable concentration in Colombia.
authors.affiliation: a Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia , Universidad Nacional de Colombia , Bogotá , Colombia.
authors.forename: Gonzalo J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.affiliation: b Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln) , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Vienna , Austria.
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krska
authors.affiliation: b Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln) , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Vienna , Austria.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sulyok
mesh_terms: D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis; D002953:Citrinin / Q000032:analysis; D003105:Colombia; D004032:Diet; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006027:Glycosides / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007199:Indians, South American; D002365:Manihot / Q000737:chemistry*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D006027:Glycosides; D009183:Mycotoxins; C007173:cyanogenic glycosides; D002953:Citrinin
keywords: Colombian Amazon; HBV; cassava; citrinin; cyanogenic glycosides; mycotoxins