title: CD62-mediated activation of platelets in cerebral white matter lesions in patients with cognitive decline.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular dementia is related to intracranial arteriosclerosis associated with deep white matter lesions (DWMLs). DWMLs have been linked to thrombogenesis due to sustained platelet activation; therefore, an accurate hematological marker is needed. This study was done to evaluate the usefulness of a new method to examine the function of activated platelets in order to assess DWMLs associated with cognitive decline.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 143 individuals (70.4 ± 6.1 years old) who underwent hospital-based health screening using head MRI were evaluated. DWLs were evaluated on T2-weighted and FLAIR images by semi-quantitatively grading them from Grade 0 (none) to Grade 3 (severe) using the Fazekas classification. Cognitive function was evaluated using the MMSE and the word fluency test. Platelet activation was assessed using fluorescence-labeled anti-human platelet monoclonal antibodies and semi-quantitatively determining PAC-1- and CD62P-positive rates by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant increases in hypertension and CD62P levels were observed with increasing DWML grade (2.6% in Group 0, 3.1% in Group 1, 4.1% in Group 2, and 5.0% in Group 3). CD62P levels were defined as elevated when they were above the mean+2SD of the Grade 0 group, and the odds ratio of the Grade 2+3 group was 3.03. A significant negative correlation was observed between CD62P levels and word fluency tests or the MMSE score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevations in CD62P levels, which reflect platelet function activation, were associated with white matter lesions accompanied by a decline in cognitive function. CD62P levels may be useful as a sensitive clinical marker for the early detection of DWMLs with cognitive decline.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan. Electronic address: nkuriyam@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Nagato
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kuriyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasuike
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathological Biochemistry, Doshisha Women's Collage, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuno
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathological Biochemistry, Doshisha Women's Collage, Japan.
authors.forename: Eri
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kawashita
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Aiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruhide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumitaro
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Miyatani
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tokuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Youichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohshima
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muranishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akazawa
authors.affiliation: Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.affiliation: Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.affiliation: Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Japan.
authors.forename: Sanae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeto
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000473:pathology*; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000473:pathology*; D015140:Dementia, Vascular; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000473:pathology*; D002537:Intracranial Arteriosclerosis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism*; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D066127:White Matter / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D019007:P-Selectin; C546937:SELP protein, human
keywords: CD62P; Cognitive decline; Deep white matter lesion (DWML); Platelet activation