title: Lead-Free Metamaterials with Enormous Apparent Piezoelectric Response.
abstract: Lead-free flexoelectric piezoelectric metamaterials are created by applying an asymmetric chemical reduction to Na1/2 Bi1/2 TiO3 -BaTiO3 ceramics. The reduction induces two gradient-generating mechanisms, curvature structure and chemical inhomogeneity, and enhances the flexoelectric effect. The ceramics behave like piezoelectric materials, exhibiting an enormous and high-temperature stable apparent piezoelectric response, outperforming existing lead-oxide-based piezoelectrics.
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Rd, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China.
authors.forename: Wanfeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Rd, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China.
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Rd, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Rd, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China.
authors.forename: Xiaotong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum, Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Rd, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China.
authors.forename: Baojin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chu
keywords: ferroelectric; flexoelectricity; lead free; metamaterials; piezoelectrics