title: Application of a modified conceptual rainfall-runoff model to simulation of groundwater level in an undefined watershed.
abstract: Groundwater level simulation models can help ensure the proper management and use of urban and rural water supply. In this paper, we propose a groundwater level tank model (GLTM) based on a conceptual rainfall-runoff model (tank model) to simulate fluctuations in groundwater level. The variables used in the simulations consist of daily rainfall and daily groundwater level, which were recorded between April 2011 and March 2015 at two representative observation wells in Kumamoto City, Japan. We determined the best-fit model parameters by root-mean-square error through use of the Shuffled Complex Evolution-University of Arizona algorithm on a simulated data set. Calibration and validation results were evaluated by their coefficients of determination, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients, and root-mean-square error values. The GLTM provided accurate results in both the calibration and validation of fluctuations in groundwater level. The split sample test results indicate a good reliability. These results indicate that this model can provide a simple approach to the accurate simulation of groundwater levels.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Nian
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Takehide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hama
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suenaga
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Sayed Waliullah
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Aqili
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Xiaowu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Qiaoyan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan. Electronic address: qzt00564@nifty.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawagoshi
keywords: Groundwater level; Kumamoto City; Rainfall; Tank model