title: Three-Dimensional Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: Improved Patient Safety and Surgeon Convenience.
abstract: One of the aims of laparoscopic surgery is to improve upon the results obtained by open surgery. This clearly appears to have been achieved in bariatric surgery. Two-dimensional (2-D) systems have been used to date, though new 3-dimensional (3-D) technologies have been introduced in an attempt to improve surgeon vision and thus increase the safety of the surgical techniques. Sixty obese patients underwent sleeve gastrectomy using a device equipped with 3-D optics allowing surgery to be viewed by the surgeon in 3 dimensions by using a specific monitor and wearing appropriate glasses. The mean patient age was 48.1 years. The mean weight was 114 kg (range, 92-172), with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 44 ± 5.21 kg/m(2). All surgeries were performed using the 3-D system, with a mean surgical time of 71 ± 49.6 minutes and a mean hospital stay of 3.0 ± 1.2 days. Only 1 intraoperative complication was recorded: retroperitoneal bleeding on insertion of the optical trocar. Over a mean follow-up period of 12 months, the mean body weight of the patients was 88 kg (range, 71-121), with a BMI of 30.56 ± 3.98 kg/m(2) and a percentage excess weight loss of 68.14% ± 7.89%. There was clear improvement of both the blood pressure and glucose levels. Three-dimensional sleeve gastrectomy is safe, viable, and fully reproducible compared with 2-D surgery, improving visualization of the surgical field, safety, and surgeon convenience. Randomized studies involving larger patient samples are needed for the comparison of results.
authors.affiliation: Service of General Surgery, Unit of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Viamed Montecanal Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martínez-Ubieto
authors.affiliation: Service of General Surgery, Unit of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Viamed Montecanal Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Bernadó
authors.affiliation: Service of General Surgery, Unit of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Viamed Montecanal Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martínez-Ubieto
authors.affiliation: Service of General Surgery, Unit of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Viamed Montecanal Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cabrerizo
authors.affiliation: Service of General Surgery, Unit of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Viamed Montecanal Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pascual-Bellosta
authors.affiliation: Service of General Surgery, Unit of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Viamed Montecanal Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Service of General Surgery, Unit of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Viamed Montecanal Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Bernadó
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000601:surgery*; D061646:Operative Time; D055096:Optical Devices; D061214:Patient Safety
keywords: 3-D laparoscopy; Bariatric surgery; Metabolic surgery