title: Astaxanthin from psychrotrophic Sphingomonas faeni exhibits antagonism against food-spoilage bacteria at low temperatures.
abstract: Food production and processing industry holds a perpetual relationship with microorganisms and their by-products. In the present study, we aimed to identify beneficial cold-adapted bacteria devoid of any food spoilage properties and study their antagonism against common food-borne pathogens at low temperature conditions. Ten isolates were obtained on selective isolation at 5 °C, which were spread across genera Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Psychrobacter, Leuconostoc, Rhodococcus, and Arthrobacter. Methanol extracts of strains were found to contain several bioactive metabolites. Among the studied isolates, methanol extracts of S. faeni ISY and Rhodococcus fascians CS4 were found to show antagonism against growth of Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Listeria monocytogenes and Vibrio fischeri at refrigeration temperatures. Characterization of the abundant yellow pigment in methanol extracts of S. faeni ISY through UV-Vis spectrophotometry, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) revealed the presence of astaxanthin, which, owing to its presence in very large amounts and evidenced to be responsible for antagonistic activity of the solvent extract.
authors.affiliation: School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Anbazhagan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mageswari
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Parthiban
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.affiliation: School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Ramachandran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.affiliation: School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Sivashanmugam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karthikeyan
authors.affiliation: School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: gothandam@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Kodiveri Muthukaliannan
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Gothandam
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001173:Arthrobacter / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003080:Cold Temperature; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005516:Food Microbiology; D007934:Leuconostoc / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D044096:Psychrobacter / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012240:Rhodococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020578:Sphingomonas / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024341:Xanthophylls; C005948:astaxanthine; D000432:Methanol
keywords: Antimicrobial; Cold active enzyme; Cold storage; Food spoilage; Psychrotrophic bacterium