title: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among men with and without clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia: a large, cross-sectional, UK epidemiological study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the components of metabolic syndrome in men aged ≥50 years with and without clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). Men were selected from the CPRD who were aged ≥50 years and still registered as of 31 December 2011. Cohort 1 included men with clinical BPH, and cohort 2 men without clinical BPH who were matched 1:1 to those in cohort 1 by general practice, year of birth and previous years of available history (1-<2, 2-<3, 3-<4, ≥4 years of available history). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components (for men alive and still registered in the CRPD as of 31 December 2011) was calculated using all available history (lifetime prevalence) and medical history from 2010 and 2011 (current prevalence). Crude odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the occurrence of metabolic syndrome and the occurrence of the components of metabolic syndrome were calculated by comparing men with and without BPH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 26.5% of men with clinical BPH had metabolic syndrome compared with 20.9% of matched controls without clinical BPH (absolute difference 5.6%; P < 0.001); men with clinical BPH were therefore significantly more likely to have metabolic syndrome than matched controls without clinical BPH. Significantly greater proportions of men with clinical BPH also had each component of metabolic syndrome compared with matched controls without clinical BPH. The presence of clinical BPH was associated with a 37% increased odds of having metabolic syndrome (for both lifetime prevalence and current prevalence) compared with matched controls without clinical BPH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a significant cross-sectional association between clinical BPH and metabolic syndrome in the UK primary care population.
authors.affiliation: GSK, Collegeville, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Julia R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: DiBello
authors.affiliation: GSK, Uxbridge, UK.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ioannou
authors.affiliation: Backwell and Nailsea Medical Group, North Somerset, UK.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rees
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Challacombe
authors.affiliation: GSK, Uxbridge, UK.
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maskell
authors.affiliation: West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, Isleworth, UK.
authors.forename: Nurul
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Choudhury
authors.affiliation: Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kastner
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Human Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kirby
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: CPRD; benign prostatic hyperplasia; metabolic syndrome