title: Impact of population aging on trends in diabetes prevalence: A meta-regression analysis of 160,000 Japanese adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide age- and sex-specific trends, age-standardized trends, and projections of diabetes prevalence through the year 2030 in the Japanese adult population.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present meta-regression analysis, we included 161,087 adults from six studies and nine national health surveys carried out between 1988 and 2011 in Japan. We assessed the prevalence of diabetes using a recorded history of diabetes or, for the population of individuals without known diabetes, either a glycated hemoglobin level of ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol) or the 1999 World Health Organization criteria (i.e., a fasting plasma glucose level of ≥126 mg/dL and/or 2-h glucose level of ≥200 mg/dL in the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For both sexes, prevalence appeared to remain unchanged over the years in all age categories except for men aged 70 years or older, in whom a significant increase in prevalence with time was observed. Age-standardized diabetes prevalence estimates based on the Japanese population of the corresponding year showed marked increasing trends: diabetes prevalence was 6.1% among women (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.5-6.7), 9.9% (95% CI 9.2-10.6) among men, and 7.9% (95% CI 7.5-8.4) among the total population in 2010, and was expected to rise by 2030 to 6.7% (95% CI 5.2-9.2), 13.1% (95% CI 10.9-16.7) and 9.8% (95% CI 8.5-12.0), respectively. In contrast, the age-standardized diabetes prevalence using a fixed population appeared to remain unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This large-scale meta-regression analysis shows that a substantial increase in diabetes prevalence is expected in Japan during the next few decades, mainly as a result of the aging of the adult population.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hadrien
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Charvat
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes Research, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes Research, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Maki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: General Medical Education Center, Teikyo University Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Machiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Heianza
authors.affiliation: Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arase
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirohito
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sone
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagami
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland ; Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland ; Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki, Finland ; R&D AstraZeneca AB Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki, Finland ; Center for Vascular Prevention, Danube University Krems Krems, Austria ; King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuomilehto
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsugane
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes Research, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuhiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.affiliation: AXA Department of Health and Human Security, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Manami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
keywords: Diabetes; Population aging; Prevalence