title: Effect of solvent/disinfectant ethanol on the micro-surface structure and properties of multiphase denture base polymers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of solvent/disinfectant ethanol on the surface of denture base polymers. Changes in surface roughness, topography and some nanomechanical properties were assessed by SEM and nanoindentation plotted against different concentrations of ethanol on heat cured and autopolymerized polymetyl methacrylate based acrylic denture base polymers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Test specimens (10×10×3mm(3)) of heat-curing (HC) and auto-polymerizing (AP) acrylic resin were prepared and polished to obtain uniform smoothness which were further grouped into 3 sub-groups HC1, HC2, HC3 and AP1, AP2, AP3 respectively 10 specimens (n) in each group. HC1 and AP1, HC2 and AP2, HC3 and AP3 were treated with 99.9%, 70% and 40% respectively for 30, 60 and 120s followed by analysis of surface roughness (Sa), topographical changes and some nanomechanical properties.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both HC and AP resins showed changes in their Sa and nanomechanically measured modulus of elasticity and surface hardness after being treated at different concentrations of ethanol and at different lengths of time. Surface changes were most clearly seen in autopolymerizing denture base polymer, especially at the interface region between the PMMA polymer bead and polymer matrix. There was a correlation (R2=0.83, r=0.91, P<0.001) between the time of treatment by ethanol and thickness of the affected area of denture base polymer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated that denture base polymers, especially autopolymerized denture base polymer is prone for surface crazing and dissolving by solvent/disinfectant ethanol. The interphase region between the PMMA polymer bead and the polymer matrix was most affected by the ethanol.
authors.affiliation: Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: sbasavarajappa@ksu.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Santhosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basavarajappa
authors.affiliation: Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: aalkhuraif@ksu.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Abdul Aziz Abdullah
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Al-Kheraif
authors.affiliation: King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: malsharawy@ksu.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: ElSharawy
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials Science and Turku Clincal Biomaterials Centre - TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku and City of Turku Welfare Division, Oral Health Care, FI-20520 Turku, Finland. Electronic address: pekka.vallittu@utu.fi.
authors.forename: Pekka K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Vallittu
mesh_terms: D003819:Denture Bases; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000737:chemistry*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D058105:Polymerization; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate
keywords: Acrylic resin; Crazing; Disinfectant; Dissolving; Ethanol; PMMA