title: Extractive biodegradation and bioavailability assessment of phenanthrene in the cloud point system by Sphingomonas polyaromaticivorans.
abstract: The biological treatment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is an important issue. Most microbes have limited practical applications because of the poor bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In this study, the extractive biodegradation of phenanthrene by Sphingomonas polyaromaticivorans was conducted by introducing the cloud point system. The cloud point system is composed of a mixture of (40 g/L) Brij 30 and Tergitol TMN-3, which are nonionic surfactants, in equal proportions. After phenanthrene degradation, a higher wet cell weight and lower phenanthrene residue were obtained in the cloud point system than that in the control system. According to the results of high-performance liquid chromatography, the residual phenanthrene preferred to partition from the dilute phase into the coacervate phase. The concentration of residual phenanthrene in the dilute phase (below 0.001 mg/L) is lower than its solubility in water (1.18 mg/L) after extractive biodegradation. Therefore, dilute phase detoxification was achieved, thus indicating that the dilute phase could be discharged without causing phenanthrene pollution. Bioavailability was assessed by introducing the apparent logP in the cloud point system. Apparent logP decreased significantly, thus indicating that the bioavailability of phenanthrene increased remarkably in the system. This study provides a potential application of biological treatment in water and soil contaminated by phenanthrene.
authors.affiliation: Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, and School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China. pttianya@gmail.com.|State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, GuangDong, 510070, People's Republic of China. pttianya@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, and School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, and School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xinying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, and School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, and School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shuijing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D001711:Biotransformation; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism; D020578:Sphingomonas / Q000378:metabolism*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010616:Phenanthrenes; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014873:Water Pollutants; C031181:phenanthrene
keywords: Bioavailability; Cloud point system; Extractive biodegradation; Phenanthrene; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons