title: Free latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap for pelvic floor reconstruction following pelvic exenteration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pelvic floor defects following pelvic exenteration constitute a challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. Whenever the common reconstruction options such as the gluteus maximus myocutaneous flap (GLM) and the vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap (VRAM) are not feasible, free tissue transfer will be the only remaining option. Being one of the most reliable and versatile flaps used for microsurgical reconstruction, the free latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle flap provides an adequate solution to this problem.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe our experience with 12 consecutive patients who underwent the free transfer of LD free flap for secondary reconstruction of the pelvic floor and perineum following pelvic exenteration for management of locally advanced pelvic malignancies in Klinikum Oldenburg from 2007 to 2014.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recurrent cancer of the anal canal was the most common pathology necessitating the performance of pelvic exenteration. Thrombosis of the vascular anastomosis was reported in two cases and ended with total flap loss in one of them. Functional limitations arose in two patients postoperatively. The mean hospital stay was 25 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Free LD myocutaneous flap provides an adequate solution for reconstruction of pelvic defects resulting from radical oncological resections in cases where the use of locoregional flaps, such as the gluteus maximus flap and the vertical rectus abdominis flap, is not feasible because of an extensive defect, disruption of the vascular pedicle, or due to planning for bilateral stomas placement.
authors.affiliation: University Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Klinikum Oldenburg, Rahel-Straus-Strasse 10, 26133, Oldenburg, Germany. ahmedabdou@gmx.de.
authors.forename: Ahmed Hossamedine
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Abdou
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum Oldenburg, Rahel-Straus-Strasse 10, 26133, Oldenburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: University Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Klinikum Oldenburg, Rahel-Straus-Strasse 10, 26133, Oldenburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khatib-Chahidi
authors.affiliation: University Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Klinikum Oldenburg, Rahel-Straus-Strasse 10, 26133, Oldenburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Achim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Troja
authors.affiliation: University Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Klinikum Oldenburg, Rahel-Straus-Strasse 10, 26133, Oldenburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Phillip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Looft
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum Oldenburg, Rahel-Straus-Strasse 10, 26133, Oldenburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Eva Monika
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Gudewer
authors.affiliation: University Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Klinikum Oldenburg, Rahel-Straus-Strasse 10, 26133, Oldenburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Rudolf
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Raab
authors.affiliation: University Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Klinikum Oldenburg, Rahel-Straus-Strasse 10, 26133, Oldenburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Dalibor
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Antolovic
mesh_terms: D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064827:Myocutaneous Flap / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000601:surgery*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000601:surgery*; D010385:Pelvic Exenteration / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000601:surgery*; D010502:Perineum / Q000601:surgery; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D064171:Superficial Back Muscles / Q000637:transplantation*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D014846:Vulvar Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Latissimus dorsi; Pelvic exenteration; Sacrectomy; Secondary reconstruction