title: Classification of selected cardiopulmonary variables of elite athletes of different age, gender, and disciplines during incremental exercise testing.
abstract: Incremental exercise testing is frequently used as a tool for evaluating determinants of endurance performance. The available reference values for the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), % of VO2peak, running speed at the lactate threshold (vLT), running economy (RE), and maximal running speed (vpeak) for different age, gender, and disciplines are not sufficient for the elite athletic population. The key variables of 491 young athletes (age range 12-21 years; 250 males, 241 females) assessed during a running step test protocol (2.4 m s(-1); increase 0.4 m s(-1) 5 min(-1)) were analysed in five subgroups, which were related to combat-, team-, endurance-, sprint- and power-, and racquet-related disciplines. Compared with female athletes, male athletes achieved a higher vpeak (P = 0.004). The body mass, lean body mass, height, abs. VO2peak (ml min(-1)), rel. VO2peak (ml kg(-1) min(-1)), rel. VO2peak (ml min(-1) kg(-0.75)), and RE were higher in the male participants compared with the females (P < 0.01). The % of VO2 at vLT was lower in the males compared with the females (P < 0.01). No differences between gender were detected for the vLT (P = 0.17) and % of VO2 at vLT (P = 0.42). This study is one of the first to provide a broad spectrum of data to classify nearly 500 elite athletes aged 12-21 years of both gender and different disciplines.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany ; The German Research Centre of Elite Sport, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany ; Department of Sport Science, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Judenbühlweg 11, 97082 Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zinner
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Science, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Judenbühlweg 11, 97082 Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Billy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sperlich
authors.affiliation: Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany ; The German Research Centre of Elite Sport, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wahl
authors.affiliation: Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany ; The German Research Centre of Elite Sport, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mester
keywords: Competition; Data; Performance; Reference values