title: Drug-Drug Molecular Salt Hydrate of an Anticancer Drug Gefitinib and a Loop Diuretic Drug Furosemide: An Alternative for Multidrug Treatment.
abstract: A 1:1 monohydrate salt containing gefitinib, an orally administrated chemotherapy treatment for lung and breast cancers and furosemide, a loop diuretic drug, commonly used in the treatment of hypertension and edema, has been prepared. The molecular salt crystallized in triclinic P-1 space group. The C-O bond lengths (~1.26 Å) in the COOH group show that proton transfer has occurred from furosemide to morpholine moiety of the gefitinib suggesting cocrystal to be ionic. The morpholine moiety of the gefitinib showed significant conformational change because of its involvement in conformation dictating the strong N-H···O hydrogen bonding interaction. The strong hydrogen bonding interaction between gefitinib and furosemide places their benzene rings in stacking mode to facilitate the generation of π-stack dimers. The neighboring dimers are bridged to each other via water molecule through N-H···O, C-H···O, O-H···N, and O-H···O interactions. The remarkable stability of the salt hydrate could be attributed to the strong hydrogen bonding interactions in the crystal structure. Interestingly, release of water from the lattice at 140°C produced new anhydrous salt that has better solubility and dissolution rate than salt hydrate. The drug-drug molecular salt may have some bearing on the treatment of patient suffering from anticancer and hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Center for Materials Characterization, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pashan, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Shridhar H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Thorat
authors.affiliation: Center for Materials Characterization, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pashan, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Sanjay Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sahu
authors.affiliation: Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pashan, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Manjusha V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Patwadkar
authors.affiliation: Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pashan, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Manohar V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Badiger
authors.affiliation: Center for Materials Characterization, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pashan, Pune, India. Electronic address: rg.gonnade@ncl.res.in.
authors.forename: Rajesh G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Gonnade
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D005665:Furosemide / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077156:Gefitinib; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000737:chemistry*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry*; D049994:Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011799:Quinazolines; D049994:Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; D014867:Water; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D005665:Furosemide; D000077156:Gefitinib
keywords: cancer chemotherapy; cocrystals; crystal engineering; crystal structure; dissolution rate; hydrate; phase transition; solubility; stability; thermal analysis