title: Effects of canola meal pellet conditioning temperature and time on ruminal and intestinal digestion, hourly effective degradation ratio, and potential nitrogen to energy synchronization in dairy cows.
abstract: The increase in bio-oil production in North America has resulted in millions of tonnes of co-products: canola meal and carinata meal. Little research has been conducted to determine the effect of pellet conditioning temperature, time, and their interaction on processing-induced changes in nutrient digestibility in the rumen and intestine (in vitro) of dairy cattle. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of conditioning temperature (70, 80, and 90°C), time (50 and 75 s), and their interaction (temperature × time) during the pelleting of canola meal on (1) rumen degradation kinetics and effective rumen degradability of dry matter, crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber; (2) intestinal digestibility of rumen-undegradable protein (RUP); and (3) hourly effective rumen degradation ratio and potential N to energy synchronization in dairy cattle. The results showed that the temperature and duration of pellet conditioning significantly altered the degradation characteristics of nutrients in the rumen. Pelleting increased CP degradation in the rumen, and CP digestion site was shifted to the rumen rather than to the small intestine. When conditioning temperature was set 80°C, the rumen degradation of CP and neutral detergent fiber was highest, but postrumen digestion was lowest. With respect to intestinal digestion, the available CP for intestinal digestion became less because of reduced RUP supply to the small intestine. The pelleting process tended to significantly affect the intestinal digestibility of RUP. However, the total digestible CP content of canola meal was not affected. In conclusion, pelleting induced changes in rumen and intestinal digestion profiles, and altered the potential N to energy synchronization and hourly effective rumen degradation ratio of canola meal in dairy cattle.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Agriculture Strategic Feed Research Division, Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada.
authors.forename: Xuewei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Agriculture Strategic Feed Research Division, Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada; Department of Animal Nutrition, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Nazir A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Agriculture Strategic Feed Research Division, Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, 300384 Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Xuewei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Agriculture Strategic Feed Research Division, Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, 300384 Tianjin, China. Electronic address: Peiqiang.yu@usask.ca.
authors.forename: Peiqiang
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D029741:Brassica rapa / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000378:metabolism; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D009656:North America; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012639:Seeds / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: hourly effective degradation ratio; nitrogen to energy synchronization; pelleting canola meal; ruminal and intestinal digestion of nutrients