title: Comparison of Subciliary Approaches in Orbito-Zygomatic Fractures: Skin Flap Versus Skin-Muscle Flap.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because of the complications of classical subciliary incision, some modified subciliary approaches have been described in recent literature.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare 2 commonly used subciliary approaches according to development of postoperative complications (scar formation, and ectropion).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety patients were included in this retrospective study. Subciliary skin flap technique (SF group) was performed to 39 patients, while the others were operated by using skin-muscle (stepped) flap technique (SMF group). Fitzpatrick skin types, genders, ages, scar scores, and ectropion scores of the patients also were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the patients was 39.3 (18-99) years, and the mean follow-up period was 2.1 (1-6) years. Fitzpatrick skin-type levels were between 2 and 4 (median = 3). No difference was found between 2 groups in terms of age, follow-up period, and Fitzpatrick skin-type levels. However, the scar values of the SMF group were significantly lower than the SF group statistically. Also, there was no significant difference between males and females in SF and SMF groups in terms of scar and ectropion formation. On the other hand, scar values were lower in SMF groups rather than SF group in males. Although ectropion values were not different between SF and SMF groups in females, ectropion values of SMF group were significantly lower than SF group in males statistically.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subciliary skin-muscle (stepped) flap technique can be more reliable than subciliary skin flap technique for approach to orbitozygomatic fractures.
authors.affiliation: *Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara †Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Kirikkale University Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale ‡Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Yildirim Beyazit University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hulda Rifat
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Ozakpinar
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sari
authors.forename: Ali Teoman
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Tellioglu
authors.forename: Mert Muhittin
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sandikci
authors.forename: Emre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Inozu
authors.forename: Ergin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Seven
authors.forename: Tolga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eryilmaz
authors.forename: Sebat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karamursel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000209:etiology; D004483:Ectropion / Q000209:etiology; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery*; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000637:transplantation*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000637:transplantation*; D055815:Young Adult; D015051:Zygomatic Fractures / Q000601:surgery*