title: Three-dimensional quantification of orthodontic root resorption with time-lapsed imaging of micro-computed tomography in a rodent model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite various X-ray approaches have been widely used to monitor root resorption after orthodontic treatment, a non-invasive and accurate method is highly desirable for long-term follow up. The aim of this study was to build a non-invasive method to quantify longitudinal orthodontic root resorption with time-lapsed images of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) in a rodent model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 180-220 g) were used in this study. A 25 g orthodontic force generated by nickel-titanium coil spring was applied to the right maxillary first molar for each rat, while contralateral first molar was severed as a control. Micro-CT scan was performed at day 0 (before orthodontic load) and days 3, 7, 14, and 28 after orthodontic load. Resorption of mesial root of maxillary first molars at bilateral sides was calculated from micro-CT images with registration algorithm via reconstruction, superimposition and partition operations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Obvious resorption of mesial root of maxillary first molar can be detected at day 14 and day 28 at orthodontic side. Most of the resorption occurred in the apical region at distal side and cervical region at mesiolingual side. Desirable development of molar root of rats was identified from day 0 to day 28 at control side. The development of root concentrated on apical region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This non-invasive 3D quantification method with registration algorithm can be used in longitudinal study of root resorption. Obvious root resorption in rat molar can be observed three-dimensionally at day 14 and day 28 after orthodontic load. This indicates that registration algorithm combined with time-lapsed images provides clinic potential application in detection and quantification of root contour.
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Chongshi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.|Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yubo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D059008:Time-Lapse Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Root resorption; micro-CT; orthodontic treatment; superimposition