title: Prior Corneal Scarification and Injection of Immune Serum are Not Required Before Ocular HSV-1 Infection for UV-B-Induced Virus Reactivation and Recurrent Herpetic Corneal Disease in Latently Infected Mice.
abstract: Blinding ocular herpetic disease in humans is due to spontaneous reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) from latency, rather than to primary acute infection. Mice latently infected with HSV-1 undergo little or no in vivo spontaneous reactivation with accompanying virus shedding in tears. HSV-1 reactivation can be induced in latently infected mice by several in vivo procedures, with UV-B-induced reactivation being one commonly used method. In the UV-B model, corneas are scarified (lightly scratched) just prior to ocular infection to increase efficiency of the primary infection and immune serum containing HSV-1 neutralizing antibodies is injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) to increase survival and decrease acute corneal damage. Since scarification can significantly alter host gene transcription in the cornea and in the trigeminal ganglia (TG; the site of HSV-1 latency) and since injection of immune serum likely modulates innate and adaptive herpes immunity, we investigated eliminating both treatments.
  
  
  
  Mice were infected with HSV-1 with or without corneal scarification and immune serum. HSV-1 reactivation and recurrent disease were induced by UV-B irradiation.
  
  
  
  When corneal scarification and immune serum were both eliminated, UV-B irradiation still induced both HSV-1 reactivation, as measured by shedding of reactivated virus in tears and herpetic eye disease, albeit at reduced levels compared to the original procedure.
  
  
  
  Despite the reduced reactivation and disease, avoidance of both corneal scarification and immune serum should improve the clinical relevance of the UV-B mouse model.
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology , Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine , Irvine , CA , USA .|b Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, School of Medicine , University of California Irvine , Irvine , CA , USA .|c School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine , Irvine , CA , USA .
authors.forename: Lbachir
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: BenMohamed
authors.affiliation: d Department of Ophthalmology, Virology Research , Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine , Irvine , CA , USA .
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Osorio
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology , Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine , Irvine , CA , USA .
authors.forename: Arif A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology , Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine , Irvine , CA , USA .
authors.forename: Ruchi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology , Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine , Irvine , CA , USA .
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: d Department of Ophthalmology, Virology Research , Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine , Irvine , CA , USA .
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Krochmal
authors.affiliation: d Department of Ophthalmology, Virology Research , Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine , Irvine , CA , USA .
authors.forename: Jairo M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: e Department of Ophthalmology , School of Medicine, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine , Irvine , CA , USA .
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.affiliation: d Department of Ophthalmology, Virology Research , Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine , Irvine , CA , USA .|f Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics , School of Medicine, University of California Irvine , Irvine , CA , USA and.|g Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine , Irvine , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wechsler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003315:Cornea / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015828:Eye Infections, Viral / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D007106:Immune Sera / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016849:Keratitis, Herpetic / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011817:Rabbits; D013666:Tears / Q000821:virology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014775:Virus Activation / Q000528:radiation effects*; D017735:Virus Latency; D017201:Virus Shedding
chemical_list: D007106:Immune Sera; D007155:Immunologic Factors
keywords: Eye; HSV-1; UV-B; latency; mice; reactivation