title: Assessment of in vitro and in vivo anthelminthic potential of extracts of Allium sativum bulb against naturally occurring ovine gastrointestinal nematodiosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The rapid development of anthelminthic resistance has limited the success of traditional control programmes, thereby forcing researchers to search for ethno-veterinary alternatives.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective is to assess the anthelminthic potential of various extracts of the bulb of Allium sativum in naturally infected sheep.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro anthelminthic activities of crude aqueous and methanolic extracts of the bulb of A. sativum were investigated against the egg (500 eggs/ml) and larvae of naturally infected sheep. The aqueous extract of A. sativum was also investigated for in vivo anthelminthic activity in three groups (n = 15 each) of naturally infected Chokla sheep with a negative control group receiving no treatment, a positive control group was given a single oral dose of albendazole at 7.5 mg/kg bodyweight, and a group administered a single oral dose of an aqueous extract at 5 g/animal. Data were analysed using the general linear model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aqueous extract showed better efficacy in egg hatch assay and larval development test. However, in larval paralysis test, reverse trend was seen as methanolic extract was more potent than the aqueous counterpart. A significant amount of 57% faecal egg count reduction was observed in in vivo trail using the aqueous extract on day 21 post-treatment, although in initial stages it showed 30% and 83% effectiveness on days 7 and 14 post-treatment, respectively. No deleterious ill effect was found in any of the haematological and biochemical parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bulb of A. sativum possesses good anthelminthic efficacy and further research is thereby warranted before recommending it for nematode control programme in ovines.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry , U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) , Mathura 281001 , India.
authors.forename: Dharmendra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kanojiya
authors.affiliation: a Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry , U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) , Mathura 281001 , India.
authors.forename: Daya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shanker
authors.affiliation: a Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry , U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) , Mathura 281001 , India.
authors.forename: Vikrant
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sudan
authors.affiliation: a Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry , U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) , Mathura 281001 , India.
authors.forename: Amit Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Jaiswal
authors.affiliation: a Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry , U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) , Mathura 281001 , India.
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parashar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005737:Garlic / Q000737:chemistry*; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D009348:Nematoda / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D009349:Nematode Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Allium sativum; anthelminthic activity; gastrointestinal nematodes; ovine; sheep