title: Psychological Factors in Irritable Pouch Syndrome and Other Pouch Disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is the surgical treatment of choice for patients with medically refractory ulcerative colitis. Postsurgery, functional and inflammatory complications of the ileal pouch often occur. Our previous study demonstrated that irritable pouch syndrome (IPS) is associated with the use of antidepressants or anxiolytics, suggesting an influence of psychological factors on patients' symptoms. The aim of this study was to identify the specific psychological factors and coping strategies in patients with functional (IPS) and inflammatory (pouchitis, cuffitis, Crohn's disease of the pouch) pouch disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients with functional pouch disorders (IPS), inflammatory pouch conditions, and asymptomatic ileal pouch-anal anastomosis patients were surveyed using validated measures of quality of life (the Cleveland Global Quality of Life [CGQL] and Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Quality of Life [IBS-QOL]), daily functional impairment (WSAS), coping mechanisms (brief COPE) and anxiety/depression (DASS-21).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 243 patients surveyed, 157 (64.6%) completed the surveys, of whom 137 (56.4%) met inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Sixty-one percent of respondents had pouch inflammation (pouchitis, N = 35; cuffitis, N = 14; and Crohn's disease of the pouch, N = 35), 20% had IPS (N = 27) and 19% (N = 26) had asymptomatic normal pouches. The age of participants ranged from 20 to 79 years with the mean ages of patients with normal pouches, IPS and inflammatory pouch conditions being 51.7 ± 12.5, 47.1 ± 15.0, 47.2 ± 15.1 years, respectively. Patients with IPS were more likely to be taking antidepressants, anxiolytics, or narcotics than the other groups (P < 0.04). Patients with IPS or inflammatory pouches had significantly poorer quality of life (CGQL, P < 0.001; IBS-QOL, P < 0.003) than those with asymptomatic pouches, with differences particularly in the areas of food avoidance, activity interference, and sexual difficulties. Those with IPS (median = 11; interquartile range [IQR]: 3-19) or inflammatory pouch conditions (median = 7; IQR: 3-18) had a greater impairment in the domains of daily functioning related to the pouch condition than those with normal pouches (median = 1.5; IQR: 0-6; P = 0.003). The mean depression symptom scores were significantly higher in the IPS group than in the normal pouch group (11.7 ± 9.7 versus 4.4 ± 6.2; P = 0.012).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IPS patients were more likely to have depressive symptoms and had a greater amount of impairment in daily functioning related to their pouch condition. Additionally, patients with functional pouch disorders are more likely to be concurrently treated with antidepressants, anxiolytic or narcotic agents than those with inflammatory pouches or normal pouches.
authors.affiliation: *Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Digestive Disease Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; and †Department of Clinical Health Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Makkar
authors.forename: Lesley A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Graff
authors.forename: Shishira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bharadwaj
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000601:surgery; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D039021:Colonic Pouches / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum / Q000601:surgery; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D019449:Pouchitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D016737:Proctocolectomy, Restorative / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000523:psychology; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D000928:Antidepressive Agents