title: A Paradoxical Treatment for a Paradoxical Condition: Infliximab Use in Three Cases of Mycobacterial IRIS.
abstract: The management of corticosteroid refractory immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is currently unclear. Infliximab administration was associated with clinical improvement without significant adverse events in 3 patients with mycobacterial IRIS. Immunologic and virologic responses to antiretroviral therapy were unaffected. Tumor necrosis factor blockade may be beneficial for IRIS and warrants further study in clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Denise C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Kimberly F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Faldetta
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Luxin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sheikh
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.
authors.forename: Netanya S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Utay
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Gregg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Roby
authors.affiliation: Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, Maryland.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rupert
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Anthony S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fauci
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Irini
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sereti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D054019:Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069285:Infliximab / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D000069285:Infliximab
keywords: immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome; infliximab; mycobacterial infection