title: Genetic Diversity of Brazilian Bovine Pestiviruses Detected Between 1995 and 2014.
abstract: Pestivirus infections in ruminants result in significant economic losses worldwide. The aetiological agents are three species from the genus Pestivirus, family Flaviviridae, including bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1 (BVDV-1), BVDV-2, border disease virus (BDV), and an atypical pestivirus named HoBi-like pestivirus. In this study, eighty-nine pestivirus isolates that were collected in Brazil between 1995 and 2014 and that originated from either cattle, fetal bovine serum (FBS) or as cell culture contaminants were genotyped based on a comparison of gene sequences from their 5' untranslated regions (5'UTR), N-terminal autoprotease (Npro) and envelope glycoprotein 2 (E2). Of these isolates, 53.9% of the sequences were genotyped as BVDV-1, 33.7% as BVDV-2 and 12.4% as HoBi-like pestivirus. The prevalence of subgenotypes within the species was as follows: BVDV-1a (35.9%), BVDV-2b (31.4%), BVDV-1b (10.1%), BVDV-1d (6.7%), BVDV-2c (2.2%) and BVDV-1e (1.1%). BVDV-2c and BVDV-1e were detected for the first time in Brazil. This study revealed extensive genetic diversity among Brazilian pestivirus isolates, and the combination of pestiviruses that was detected is unique to Brazil. This information may serve as a foundation for designing and evaluating diagnostic tools and in the development of more effective vaccines; therefore, it may potentially contribute to pestivirus control and eradication.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: A C S
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Mósena
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Streck
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pescador
authors.affiliation: Setor de Virologia, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.affiliation: Setor de Virologia, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weiblen
authors.affiliation: Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Driemeier
authors.affiliation: Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ridpath
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Canal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D002417:Cattle; D030241:Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D030242:Diarrhea Virus 2, Bovine Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D010802:Phylogeny
keywords: 
  BVDV
  ; HoBi-like pestivirus; Pestivirus; cattle; phylogeny