title: Chromosomal Abnormalities in Infertile Men from Southern India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Male infertility has been associated with aneuploidies and structural chromosomal abnormalities, Yq microdeletions and specific gene mutations and/or polymorphisms. Besides genetic factors, any block in sperm delivery, endocrine disorders, testicular tumours, infectious diseases, medications, lifestyle factors and environmental toxins can also play a causative role. This study aimed to determine the constitutional karyotype in infertile males having normal female partners in a south Indian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 180 men with a complaint of primary infertility ranging from 1 to 25 years were screened for chromosomal abnormalities through conventional analysis of GTG-banded metaphases from cultured lymphocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four individuals were diagnosed to have Klinefelter syndrome. Two cases exhibited reciprocal translocations and one showed a maternally inherited insertion. Polymorphisms were seen in sixty-seven patients (37.2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The occurrence of chromosomal abnormalities in 4.6% and variants involving the heterochromatic regions of Y, chromosome 9 and the acrocentric chromosomes in 38.2% of the infertile men with an abnormal seminogram strongly reiterates the inclusion of routine cytogenetic testing and counselling in the diagnostic work-up prior to the use of assisted reproduction technologies.
authors.affiliation: Research Scholar, Department of Genetics, Dr. ALMPGIBMS, University of Madras , Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India .
authors.forename: Jaganathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suganya
authors.affiliation: Project Fellow, Department of Genetics, Dr. ALMPGIBMS, University of Madras , Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India .
authors.forename: Smita B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kujur
authors.affiliation: Obstetrician and Gynecologist, G.G Hospital , 6-E, Thirumoorthy Nagar, Nungambakkam High Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India .
authors.forename: Kamala
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Selvaraj
authors.affiliation: Director & Embryologist, Kanmani Fertility Centre , 43, South Usman Road, T Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India .
authors.forename: Muthiah S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Suruli
authors.affiliation: Obstetrician & Gynaecologist, Prashanth Fertility Research Centre , 77, Harrington Road, Chetpet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India .
authors.forename: Geetha
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haripriya
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Genetics, Dr.ALMPGIBMS, University of Madras , Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India .
authors.forename: Chandra R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Samuel
keywords: Azoospermia; Chromosomal polymorphisms; Insertion; Klinefelter syndrome; Male infertility; Oligozoospermia; Reciprocal translocation