title: Feasibility of Using the Mosquito Blood Meal for Rapid and Efficient Human and Animal Virus Surveillance and Discovery.
abstract: Mosquito blood meals taken from humans and animals potentially represent a useful source of blood for the detection of blood-borne pathogens. In this feasibility study, Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes were fed with blood meals spiked with dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) and harvested at serial time points. These mosquitoes are not competent vectors, and the virus is not expected to replicate. Ingested blood was spotted on Whatman FTA cards and stored at room temperature. Mosquito abdomens were removed and stored at -80°C. Control blood meal aliquots were stored in vials or applied onto FTA cards. After 4 weeks of storage, the samples were extracted using beadbeating and QIAamp Viral RNA kit (Qiagen Sciences, Germantown, MD). Recovered viral RNA was analyzed by DENV-2 TaqMan RT-PCR assay and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Overall viral RNA recovery efficiency was 15% from the directly applied dried blood spots and approximately 20% or higher for dried blood spots made by blotting mosquito midgut on FTA cards. Viral RNA in mosquito-ingested blood decreases over time, but remains detectable 24 hours after blood feeding. The viral sequences in FTA-stored specimens can be maintained at room temperature. The strategy has the potential utility in expedited zoonotic virus discovery and blood-borne pathogen surveillance.
authors.affiliation: Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland; Entomology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland; Entomology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland.
authors.forename: Lindsey S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Garver
authors.affiliation: Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland; Entomology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland.
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Bingham
authors.affiliation: Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland; Entomology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland jun.hang.civ@mail.mil.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hang
authors.affiliation: Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland; Entomology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland.
authors.forename: Ryan C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Jochim
authors.affiliation: Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland; Entomology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland.
authors.forename: Silas A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.affiliation: Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland; Entomology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland.
authors.forename: Jason H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.affiliation: Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland; Entomology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland.
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Jarman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000821:virology*; D003715:Dengue / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D059788:Dried Blood Spot Testing; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000821:virology; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral