title: The frequencies of the presence of embryonic pole and cardiac activity in early miscarriages with abnormal karyotypes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to compare the frequencies of the presence of an embryonic pole and cardiac activity in miscarriages with normal and abnormal embryonic karyotypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2008 to December 2012, 405 patients with early miscarriage were evaluated during pregnancy by regular ultrasound, and karyotyping was performed on chorionic villus tissue after curettage. The frequencies of the presence of an embryonic pole and cardiac activity were compared between patients with a normal embryonic karyotype and patients with an abnormal embryonic karyotype.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 405 samples, 224 cases (55.3%) had an abnormal karyotype, and 181 cases (44.7%) had a normal karyotype. The frequencies of the presence of an embryonic pole and cardiac activity in miscarriages with normal embryonic chromosomes (71.8% and 57.5%, respectively) were similar to those of miscarriages with abnormal embryonic chromosomes (74.1% and 62.1%, respectively). The frequencies of the presence of an embryonic pole and cardiac activity were higher in miscarriages with viable autosomal trisomies (trisomies 21, 13, and 18), monosomy X, and triploidy than in miscarriages with a normal karyotype or other abnormal karyotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequencies of the presence of an embryonic pole and cardiac activity are higher in miscarriages with viable autosomal trisomies, monosomy X, and triploidy than in miscarriages with a normal karyotype or other abnormal karyotypes.
authors.forename: Yukun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yinglin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D059786:Abnormal Karyotype / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous; D000328:Adult; D002681:China; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007621:Karyotyping; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D055815:Young Adult