title: Supplementation of metabolizable protein during late gestation and fetal number impact ewe organ mass, maternal serum hormone and metabolite concentrations, and conceptus measurements.
abstract: To examine the effects of maternal metabolizable protein (MP) supplementation during late gestation on serum hormone and metabolites and organ masses, multiparous ewes (n = 45) carrying singletons or twins were allotted randomly (within pregnancy group) to 1 of 3 treatments: 60% (MP60), 80% (MP80), or 100% (MP100) of MP requirements. Blood samples were drawn before the initiation of diets (day 100) and before slaughter (day 130) for chemistry panel analysis and weekly for hormone analysis including progesterone (P4) and estradiol-17β (E2). At day 130, ewe organ masses were recorded. Despite being fed isocaloric diets, MP60 ewes gained less weight throughout pregnancy compared with MP80 and MP100 ewes which were similar. Although diet did not impact E2 or P4 concentrations, ewes carrying twins had greater (P < 0.05) concentrations of both as gestation advanced. Albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, and total protein were reduced (P < 0.05) in MP60 compared with MP100 ewes near term. There was a diet by fetal number interaction (P = 0.03) for lactate dehydrogenase. Twin-carrying MP80 ewes had greater lactate dehydrogenase compared with all other groups on day 130 of gestation. Ewes that were fed MP80 had greater body weight on day 130 of gestation compared with MP60 ewes. Kidney and heart weights were lighter in MP60 ewes compared with MP80 ewes. There was a maternal diet by fetal number interaction (P = 0.05) on fetal weight per unit empty ewe body weight. In ewes carrying singletons, MP60 ewes supported less fetal weight compared with MP100. In contrast, MP60 ewes supported more fetal mass compared with MP100 ewes when carrying twins. The level of protein, and not just total energy, in the diet appears to impact some aspects of the maternal system. Moreover, it appears some measurements of mobilizing maternal body resources are enhanced in ewes carrying twins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108, ND, USA.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108, ND, USA.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Lekatz
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108, ND, USA; Hettinger Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Hettinger 58639, ND, USA.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Van Emon
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007, SD, USA.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.affiliation: Hettinger Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Hettinger 58639, ND, USA.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Schauer
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108, ND, USA.
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Maddock Carlin
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108, ND, USA.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hammer
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108, ND, USA. Electronic address: Kim.Vonnahme@ndsu.edu.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Vonnahme
mesh_terms: D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D002149:Energy Intake; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D020567:Fetal Weight; D005333:Fetus / Q000502:physiology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008098:Litter Size / Q000502:physiology; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D009929:Organ Size; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D012756:Sheep / Q000502:physiology*; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D006728:Hormones; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase
keywords: Metabolizable protein; Pregnancy; Sheep