title: Lifelong consumption of trans fatty acids promotes striatal impairments on Na(+)/K(+) ATPase activity and BDNF mRNA expression in an animal model of mania.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the toxicity of chronic consumption of processed foods that are rich in trans fat on the lipid composition of brain membranes, as well as its functional repercussions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A second generation of male rats born from mothers and grandmothers supplemented with soybean oil (SOC, an isocaloric control group) or hydrogenated vegetable fat (HVF, rich in TFA) (3g/kg; p.o.) were kept under oral treatment until 90 days of age, when they were exposed to an AMPH-induced model of mania.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HVF group presented 0.38% of TFA incorporation in the striatum, affecting Na(+)/K(+) ATPase activity, which was decreased per se and following AMPH-exposure. The HVF group also showed increased protein carbonyl (PC) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA levels after AMPH administration, while these oxidative and molecular changes were not observed in the other experimental groups. Additionally, a negative correlation between striatal Na(+)/K(+) ATPase activity and PC levels (r(2)=0.49) was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prolonged consumption of trans fat allows TFA incorporation and increases striatal oxidative status, thus impairing the functionality of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and affecting molecular targets as BDNF mRNA. We hypothesized that the chronic intake of processed foods (rich in TFA) facilitates the development of neuropsychiatric diseases, particularly bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Verônica T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil. Electronic address: fatrevizol@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Fabíola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Trevizol
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raquel C S
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Barcelos
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabio T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Kunh
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Katiane
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Roversi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, UFSM, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Roversi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, UFSM, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alessandra J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Pase
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, UFSM, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ronaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Golombieski
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, UFSM, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Emanuelli
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, UFSM, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: mariliseeb@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Marilise E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bürger
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015870:Gene Expression; D008297:Male; D008566:Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism*; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids; D013024:Soybean Oil; D000661:Amphetamine; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase
keywords: Amphetamine; Mania animal model; Second generation; Trans fat supplementation