title: Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of hexane leaf extract of Anisopus mannii (Asclepiadaceae).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to determine the chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of the hexane leaf extract of Anisopus mannii against a wide range of human pathogenic microorganisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The chemical constituents of the hexane leaf extract was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis; and the antimicrobial activity was evaluated on "standard strains", clinical susceptible and resistant bacterial and fungal isolates using the disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GC-MS analysis of the hexane leaf extract revealed 32 compounds, representing 73.8% of the identified components. The major compounds were hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (34%), oxirane, hexadecyl- (11%) and 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid, ethyl ester, (Z, Z, Z) (9.6%). Results from the antimicrobial activity demonstrated higher inhibition zones against Bacillus cereus (29 mm), followed by Streptococcus pyogenes (28 mm). Other notable inhibitions were observed with Enterococcus faecalis (27 mm), Proteus vulgaris (26 mm) and MRSA (25 mm). The MIC values ranged from 0.625 mg/mL to 1.25 mg/mL while the MBC/MFC values ranged from 2.5 mg/mL to 5.0 mg/mL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support the traditional use of the plant and demonstrate the huge potential of A. mannii as a source of antimicrobial compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Aliyu Muhammad
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Musa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Mohammed Auwal
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Abubakar Babando
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Aliyu
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Development, National Institute of Leather Science and Technology, Zaria, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Mikhail Sabo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Abdullahi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Nasir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tajuddeen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, School of Science Education, Federal College of Education (Technical), Gusau, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Halliru
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Adebayo Ojo
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Oyewale
keywords: Anisopus mannii; antimicrobial activity; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; hexane extract