title: How does reward compete with goal-directed and stimulus-driven shifts of attention?
abstract: In order to behave adaptively, attention can be directed in space either voluntarily (i.e. endogenously) according to strategic goals, or involuntarily (i.e. exogenously) through reflexive capture by salient or novel events. The emotional or motivational values of stimuli can also influence attentional orienting. However, little is known about how reward-related effects compete or interact with endogenous and exogenous attention mechanisms. Here we designed a visual search paradigm in which goal-driven and stimulus-driven shifts of attention were manipulated by classic spatial cueing procedures, while an irrelevant, but previously rewarded stimulus also appeared as a distractor and hence competed with both types of spatial attention during search. Our results demonstrated that stimuli previously associated with a high monetary reward received higher attentional priority in the subsequent visual search task, even though these stimuli and reward were no longer task-relevant, mitigating the attentional orienting induced by both endogenous and exogenous cues.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alexia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bourgeois
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Rémi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Neveu
authors.affiliation: b Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (ICM) , INSERM UMRS 1127, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière , Paris , France.|c Centre de Recherche sur le Sport et le Mouvement (CeRSM, EA 2931) , Université Paris Ouest-La Défense , Nanterre , France.
authors.forename: Dimitri J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bayle
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vuilleumier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D011930:Reaction Time; D012201:Reward; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Attentional orienting; goal-directed; reward; stimulus-driven; visual search