title: Drinking water: a risk factor for high incidence of esophageal cancer in Anyang, China.
abstract: Anyang is known to be a high-incidence area of esophageal cancer (EC) in China. Among a long list of risk factors, the quality of drinking water was evaluated. We have selected 3806 individuals and collected 550 drinking water samples correspondent with this not-matched case-control survey. There are 531 EC patients included based on Population Cancer Registry from 92 townships, of which 3275 controls with long-lived aged over 90 years and free from EC are used as controls in the same regions. Our result suggests that the quality of drinking water is a highly associated risk factor for EC. The residential ecological environment and the quality of water resource positively link with each other. The analysis of water samples also demonstrated that the concentrations of methyl ethylamine, morpholine, N-methylbenzylamine, nitrate and chloride in water from springs and rivers are higher than those in well and tap water (P = 0.001). Micronuclei formation tests show that well water and tap water in these regions have no mutagenicity.
authors.affiliation: Basic Medicine College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Wenbo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Anyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Anyang, 455000, Henan, China. hjy13569052442@163.com.
authors.forename: Jianying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Basic Medicine College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Basic Medicine College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Zhixiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Basic Medicine College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Shengli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Anyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Weixin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000032:analysis*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000032:analysis; D060753:Water Quality
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Anyang; Drinking water; Environment pollution; Esophageal cancer; Not-matched case–control