title: Anesthesia for Endoscopy.
abstract: Anesthesia for endoscopic surgery can be challenging depending on surgical manipulations and patient comorbidity. Anesthetists must understand the possible systemic changes and complications that are associated with endoscopic surgery. Pneumoperitoneum induces vasoconstriction, reduces cardiac output, and decreases functional residual capacity in the cardiopulmonary system. Both hypoventilation caused by the thoracoscopic procedure and CO2 insufflation increase Paco2. To prevent the problems associated with high Paco2, monitoring of end-tidal CO2 (ETco2) and capability of positive pressure ventilation are crucial. Sudden changes of ETco2 should be monitored closely. Endoscopic surgery should be a less invasive procedure; however, appropriate analgesia remains necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, VMC Box 35, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401, USA. Electronic address: ma273@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asakawa
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D057805:Pets / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: CO(2); Capnothorax; Gas embolism; One-lung ventilation; Pneumoperitoneum; V/Q mismatch