title: Transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation for the treatment of urinary urgency or urge-incontinence in children and adolescents: a Phase II clinica.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effectiveness of 20 twice-weekly sessions of parasacral transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation (TENS) for treatment of urinary urgency and urge-incontinence in children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Phase II clinical trial was carried out with patients with urinary urgency or urge-incontinence aged between 5 and 14 years. Twenty TENS sessions were conducted, twice weekly, using a Quark® Dualpex 961 apparatus. The variables analyzed were daily micturition, dynamics ultrasonography of the lower urinary tract pre-and post-treatment and responses to a questionnaire on urinary leakage applied during each session.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the 25 children participating in the study was 7.80 ± 2.22 years, most were female (92%) and had urge-incontinence (92%). The difference in urinary leakage pre- and post-treatment was statistically significant ( p = 0.04); a decline in the symptom of urinary leakage was reported by all caregivers in children who completed the 20th session; the ultrasound parameters, although not statistically significant, showed a reduction in the percentage of children with detrusor contractions (from 62.5% to 43.5%); and a more adequate pre-micturition bladder volume of 4.2% post-treatment compared with 19.0% prior to treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The electro-stimulation carried out during the twice weekly sessions appeared to be effective and urinary incontinence declined in half of the patients from the 12th session onwards. However, there is a need for a study involving a larger number of patients to confirm the results obtained.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Medicina Integral prof. Fernando figueira - IMIP, BR.
authors.forename: Amanda Carolina Almeida de
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Alcantara
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, BR.
authors.forename: Maria Júlia Gonçalves de
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Medicina Integral prof. Fernando figueira - IMIP, BR.
authors.forename: Eduardo Just da
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Costa e Silva
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Medicina Integral prof. Fernando figueira - IMIP, BR.
authors.forename: Bárbara Bernardo Rinaldo da
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Medicina Integral prof. Fernando figueira - IMIP, BR.
authors.forename: José Pacheco Martins
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ribeiro Neto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000628:therapy*; D053202:Urinary Incontinence, Urge / Q000628:therapy