title: Methylphenidate increases glucose uptake in the brain of young and adult rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Methylphenidate (MPH) is the drug of choice for pharmacological treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Studies have pointed to the role of glucose and lactate as well as in the action mechanisms of drugs used to treat these neuropsychiatric diseases. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the effects of MPH administration on lactate release and glucose uptake in the brains of young and adult rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  MPH (1.0, 2.0 and 10.0mg/kg) or saline was injected in young and adult Wistar male rats either acutely (once) or chronically (once daily for 28 days). Then, the levels of lactate release and glucose uptake were assessed in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, cerebellum and cerebral cortex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chronic MPH treatment increased glucose uptake at the dose of 10.0mg/kg in the prefrontal cortex and striatum, and at the dose of 2.0mg/kg in the cerebral cortex of young rats. In adult rats, an increase in glucose uptake was observed after acute administration of MPH at the dose of 10.0mg/kg in the prefrontal cortex. After chronic treatment, there was an increase in glucose uptake with MPH doses of 2.0 and 10.0mg/kg in the prefrontal cortex, and at an MPH dose of 2.0mg/kg in the striatum of adult rats. The lactate release did not change with either acute or chronic treatments in young or adult rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that MPH increases glucose consumption in the brain, and that these changes are dependent on age and posology.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurosciences, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil; Center for Experimental Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA.
authors.forename: Gislaine Z
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Réus
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giselli
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scaini
authors.affiliation: Center for Experimental Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Titus
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Furlanetto
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leticia B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Wessler
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriela K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cinara L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriela C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Jeremias
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurosciences, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil; Center for Experimental Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA.
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quevedo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil. Electronic address: est@unesc.net.
authors.forename: Emilio L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Streck
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate; D019344:Lactic Acid; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Energy metabolism; Glucose; Lactate; Methylphenidate