title: Quantifying the Elastic Property of Nine Thigh Muscles Using Magnetic Resonance Elastography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pathologies of the muscles can manifest different physiological and functional changes. To adapt treatment, it is necessary to characterize the elastic property (shear modulus) of single muscles. Previous studies have used magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), a technique based on MRI technology, to analyze the mechanical behavior of healthy and pathological muscles. The purpose of this study was to develop protocols using MRE to determine the shear modulus of nine thigh muscles at rest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine healthy volunteers (mean age = 26 ± 3.41 years) with no muscle abnormalities underwent MRE tests (1.5 T MRI). Five MRE protocols were developed to quantify the shear moduli of the nine following thigh muscles at rest: rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM), vastus intermedius (VI), vastus lateralis (VL), sartorius (Sr), gracilis (Gr), semimembranosus (SM), semitendinosus (ST), and biceps (BC). In addition, the shear modulus of the subcutaneous adipose tissue was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The gracilis, sartorius, and semitendinosus muscles revealed a significantly higher shear modulus (μ_Gr = 6.15 ± 0.45 kPa, μ_ Sr = 5.15 ± 0.19 kPa, and μ_ ST = 5.32 ± 0.10 kPa, respectively) compared to other tissues (from μ_ RF = 3.91 ± 0.16 kPa to μ_VI = 4.23 ± 0.25 kPa). Subcutaneous adipose tissue had the lowest value (μ_adipose tissue = 3.04 ± 0.12 kPa) of all the tissues tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The different elasticities measured between the tissues may be due to variations in the muscles' physiological and architectural compositions. Thus, the present protocol could be applied to injured muscles to identify their behavior of elastic property. Previous studies on muscle pathology found that quantification of the shear modulus could be used as a clinical protocol to identify pathological muscles and to follow-up effects of treatments and therapies. These data could also be used for modelling purposes.
authors.affiliation: Biomechanics and Bioengineering Laboratory, UMR CNRS 7338, Sorbonne University, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne, France.
authors.forename: Mashhour K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Chakouch
authors.affiliation: ACRIM-Polyclinique Saint Côme, Compiègne, France.
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Charleux
authors.affiliation: Biomechanics and Bioengineering Laboratory, UMR CNRS 7338, Sorbonne University, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne, France.
authors.forename: Sabine F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Bensamoun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult