title: Pentoxifylline and electromagnetic field improved bone fracture healing in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX), electromagnetic fields (EMFs), and a mixture of both materials on bone fracture healing in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, femur fracture model with no treatment; Group B, femur fracture model treated with PTX 50 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal injection; Group C, femur fracture model treated with EMF 1.5±0.2 Mt/50 Hz/6 hours/day; and Group D, femur fracture model treated with PTX 50 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal injection and EMF 1.5±0.2 Mt/50 Hz/6 hours/day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bone fracture healing was significantly better in Group B and Group C compared to Group A (P<0.05), but Group D did not show better bone fracture healing than Group A (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be concluded that both a specific EMF and PTX had a positive effect on bone fracture healing but when used in combination, may not be beneficial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Atalay
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nedim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gunes
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Medicana Hospitals, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Dervis
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Guner
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey.
authors.forename: Veysi
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Akpolat
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa Salih
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey.
authors.forename: Rezzan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000628:therapy*; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000502:physiology; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D010431:Pentoxifylline
keywords: bones; electromagnetic fields; fracture healing; pentoxifylline; phosphodiesterase inhibitor; rats