title: Detection of Core2 β-1,6-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase in Post-Digital Rectal Examination Urine Is a Reliable Indicator for Extracapsular Extension of Prostate Cancer.
abstract: To identify appropriate candidates for aggressive treatment such as radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy of localized prostate cancer (PCa), novel predictive biomarkers of PCa aggressiveness are essential. Core2 β-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-1 (GCNT1) is a key enzyme that forms core 2-branched O-glycans. Its expression is associated with the progression of several cancers. We established a mouse IgG monoclonal antibody (mAb) against GCNT1 and examined the relationship of GCNT1 expression to the clinicopathological status of PCa. Paraffin-embedded PCa specimens were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for GCNT1 expression using a newly established mouse anti-GCNT1 mAb by ourselves. GCNT1-positive tumor showed significantly higher Gleason score and larger tumor volume. The number of GCNT1-positive cases was significantly lower in cases of organ-confined disease than in cases of extracapsular extension. GCNT1-negative tumors were associated with significantly better prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-free survival compared with GCNT1-positive tumors. Multivariate analysis revealed that detection of GCNT1 expression was an independent risk factor for PSA recurrence. We established new methods for GCNT1 detection from PCa specimens. Immunoblotting was used to examine post-digital rectal examination (DRE) urine from PCa patients. Over 90% of GCNT1-positive PCa patients with high concentrations of PSA showed extracapsular extension. In conclusion, GCNT1 expression closely associates with the aggressive potential of PCa. Further research aims to develop GCNT1 detection in post-DRE urine as a marker for PCa aggressiveness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuta
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Transplant and Regenerative Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoneyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hatakeyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Jotaro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Tendo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koie
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan; Department of Advanced Transplant and Regenerative Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Chikara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ohyama
authors.affiliation: Glycobiology Unit, Tumor Microenvironment Program, Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tobisawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine; D016466:CHO Cells; D003412:Cricetulus; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D017351:N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017351:N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases; C053024:beta-1,3-galactosyl-O-glycosyl-glycoprotein beta-1,6-acetylglucosaminyl transferase