title: How French subjects describe well-being from food and eating habits? Development, item reduction and scoring definition of the Well-Being related to Food Questionnaire (Well-BFQ©).
abstract: Providing well-being and maintaining good health are main objectives subjects seek from diet. This manuscript describes the development and preliminary validation of an instrument assessing well-being associated with food and eating habits in a general healthy population. Qualitative data from 12 groups of discussion (102 subjects) conducted with healthy subjects were used to develop the core of the Well-being related to Food Questionnaire (Well-BFQ). Twelve other groups of discussion with subjects with joint (n = 34), digestive (n = 32) or repetitive infection complaints (n = 30) were performed to develop items specific to these complaints. Five main themes emerged from the discussions and formed the modular backbone of the questionnaire: "Grocery shopping", "Cooking", "Dining places", "Commensality", "Eating and drinking". Each module has a common structure: items about subject's food behavior and items about immediate and short-term benefits. An additional theme - "Eating habits and health" - assesses subjects' beliefs about expected benefits of food and eating habits on health, disease prevention and protection, and quality of ageing. A preliminary validation was conducted with 444 subjects with balanced diet; non-balanced diet; and standard diet. The structure of the questionnaire was further determined using principal component analyses exploratory factor analyses, with confirmation of the sub-sections food behaviors, immediate benefits (pleasure, security, relaxation), direct short-term benefits (digestion and satiety, energy and psychology), and deferred long-term benefits (eating habits and health). Thirty-three subscales and 14 single items were further defined. Confirmatory analyses confirmed the structure, with overall moderate to excellent convergent and divergent validity and internal consistency reliability. The Well-BFQ is a unique, modular tool that comprehensively assesses the full picture of well-being related to food and eating habits in the general population.
authors.affiliation: Patient-Centered Outcomes - Mapi, Lyon, France. Electronic address: iguillemin@mapigroup.com.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Guillemin
authors.affiliation: Patient-Centered Outcomes - Mapi, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marrel
authors.affiliation: Patient-Centered Outcomes - Mapi, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arnould
authors.affiliation: INRA UMR 1286 - University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Capuron
authors.affiliation: CERTOP UMR CNRS 5044 - University of Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dupuy
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Experimentation in Social Sciences and Behavioral Analysis (LESSAC), Burgundy School of Business, F-21000 Dijon, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ginon
authors.affiliation: INRA UMR 1286 - University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Layé
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur de Lille - Service de Nutrition, Lille, France.
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lecerf
authors.affiliation: LARA SPIRAL, Couternon, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prost
authors.affiliation: DANONE Nutricia Research, Centre Daniel Carasso, Palaiseau, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rogeaux
authors.affiliation: Social Psychology Laboratory of Paris (LAPPS EA 4386) - Paris 8 & Paris 10 Universities, Paris, France.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Urdapilleta
authors.affiliation: Cenbiotech and Medical Evaluation Chair ESC Dijon, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: F-A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Allaert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Eating habits; Food-related questionnaire; Qualitative research; Questionnaire development; Subject-reported outcomes; Well-being measurement