title: Cost-Effectiveness of Mirabegron Compared with Antimuscarinic Agents for the Treatment of Adults with Overactive Bladder in the United Kingdom.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mirabegron, a first-in-class selective oral β3-adrenoceptor agonist, has similar efficacy to most antimuscarinic agents and a lower incidence of dry mouth in patients with overactive bladder (OAB).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of mirabegron 50 mg compared with oral antimuscarinic agents in adults with OAB from a UK National Health Service perspective.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Markov model including health states for symptom severity, treatment status, and adverse events was developed. Cycle length was 1 month, and the time horizon was 5 years. Antimuscarinic comparators were tolterodine extended release, solifenacin, fesoterodine, oxybutynin extended release and immediate release (IR), darifenacin, and trospium chloride modified release. Transition probabilities for symptom severity levels and adverse events were estimated from a mirabegron trial and a mixed treatment comparison. Estimates for other inputs were obtained from published literature or expert opinion. Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and total health care costs, including costs of drug acquisition, physician visits, incontinence pad use, and botox injections, were modeled. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Base-case incremental cost-effectiveness ratios ranged from £367 (vs. solifenacin 10 mg) to £15,593 (vs. oxybutynin IR 10 mg) per QALY gained. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses showed that at a willingness-to-pay threshold of £20,000/QALY gained, the probability of mirabegron 50 mg being cost-effective ranged from 70.2% versus oxybutynin IR 10 mg to 97.8% versus darifenacin 15 mg. A limitation of our analysis is the uncertainty due to the lack of direct comparisons of mirabegron with other agents; a mixed treatment comparison using rigorous methodology provided the data for the analysis, but the studies involved showed heterogeneity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mirabegron 50 mg appears to be cost-effective compared with standard oral antimuscarinic agents for the treatment of adults with OAB from a UK National Health Service perspective.
authors.affiliation: Astellas Pharma Europe Ltd, Chertsey, Surrey, UK. Electronic address: Jameel.Nazir@astellas.com.
authors.forename: Jameel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nazir
authors.affiliation: Creativ-Ceutical Ltd., London, UK.
authors.forename: Khaled
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maman
authors.affiliation: Creativ-Ceutical SARL, Saint Honoré, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Mohamed-Elmoctar
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Neine
authors.affiliation: Creativ-Ceutical SARL, Saint Honoré, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Briquet
authors.affiliation: Astellas Pharma Europe Ltd, Chertsey, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: Isaac A O
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Odeyemi
authors.affiliation: Astellas Pharma Global Development, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Zalmai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hakimi
authors.affiliation: Astellas Pharma Europe Ltd, Chertsey, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garnham
authors.affiliation: Creativ-Ceutical SARL, Saint Honoré, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aballéa
mesh_terms: D000083:Acetanilides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058667:Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D057186:Comparative Effectiveness Research; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D016527:Drug Costs; D006295:Health Resources / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008390:Markov Chains; D018803:Models, Economic; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018579:Patient Selection; D011788:Quality of Life; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013222:State Medicine / Q000191:economics; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000083:Acetanilides; D058667:Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D013844:Thiazoles; C520025:mirabegron
keywords: antimuscarinic drugs; cost-effectiveness analysis; mirabegron; overactive bladder