title: Dental injuries sustained by high school athletes in the United States, from 2008/2009 through 2013/2014 academic years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Risk of dental injuries is present in a variety of sports. Mouthguards are effective yet underutilized. This study aimed to estimate the rate of dental injuries among high school athletes and investigate the utilization of mouthguards across multiple high school sports.
  
  
  METHODS
  Athlete exposure and dental injury data were collected during the 2008/2009 through 2013/2014 academic years from a large sample of high schools in the United States as part of the National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance Study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 222 dental injuries sustained during 24,787,258 athlete exposures for a rate of 0.90 per 100,000 athlete exposures. The rate of dental injuries in competition (1.8) was three times higher than the rate in practice (0.6) (RR: 3.1, 95% CI: 2.3-4.0). Rates of dental injuries varied by sport with the highest rates in girls' field hockey (3.9) and boys' basketball (2.6). Dental injuries most commonly occurred as a result of contact with another player (61.3%) and contact with a playing apparatus (31.5%). For the majority of dental injuries, the athlete was not wearing a mouthguard (72.5%). Among injuries where athletes were wearing mouthguards, the majority were self-fitted (95.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although dental injuries were relatively uncommon, the majority occurred while the athlete was not wearing a mouthguard. As previous studies have shown that mouthguards are effective in preventing injuries, all high school athletes participating in a sport that places them at risk of sustaining a dental injury should wear a mouthguard consistently in both competition and practice.
authors.affiliation: OhioHealth Research & Innovations Institute, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Christy L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.|Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.|Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Lara B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Amy K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ferketich
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andridge
authors.affiliation: Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.|Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.|Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Huiyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.|Pediatric Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: R Dawn
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Comstock
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009064:Mouth Protectors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D019876:Sports Equipment; D018677:Tooth Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: dental; injury; sports