title: Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Surgery for Pediatric Urologic Disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) was performed for 31 cases of pediatric urologic disease in our department.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  A retrospective chart review was performed on pediatric patients who underwent LESS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Procedures included pyeloplasty (21), nephrectomy (4), varicocele ligation (3), orchiectomy (1), orchiopexy (1), and removal of female genitalia (1). In all 31 cases, an incision of 15 to 20 mm was made in the umbilical region, and a port for LESS was put in place. A 5-mm flexible scope and 5-mm forceps with a bending tip and regular laparoscopic forceps (3, 5 mm) were used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intraoperative and postoperative outcomes were evaluated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the 21 patients with pyeloplasty, the mean operation time was 240 minutes. Postoperative renal pelvis dilatation was relieved in all patients. For the 4 patients with nephrectomy, the mean operation time was 128 minutes. Postoperative urinary incontinence disappeared in all patients. The mean operation time of varicocele ligation was 73 minutes. Postoperation, varicocele disappeared and there was no testicular atrophy. The operation times of orchidectomy, bilateral orchidopexy, and removal of female genitalia mutilation were 60, 170, and 189 minutes, respectively. In all cases, there were no intraoperative or postoperative complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The advantages of LESS include superior aesthetics with a smaller scar and less pain. LESS is considered as a less burdensome surgery for pediatric patients.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto, Japan .
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto, Japan .
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naitoh
authors.affiliation: 2 Depatrment of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu, Japan .
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto, Japan .
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujihara
authors.affiliation: 2 Depatrment of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu, Japan .
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Johnin
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto, Japan .
authors.forename: Fumiya
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hongo
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto, Japan .
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naya
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto, Japan .
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamoi
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto, Japan .
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okihara
authors.affiliation: 2 Depatrment of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu, Japan .
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawauchi
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto, Japan .
authors.forename: Tsuneharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002921:Cicatrix; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods; D061646:Operative Time; D056126:Orchiopexy / Q000379:methods; D010149:Postoperative Pain; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014472:Umbilicus; D014549:Urinary Incontinence; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D014646:Varicocele / Q000601:surgery*