title: CD24 and APC Genetic Polymorphisms in Pancreatic Cancers as Potential Biomarkers for Clinical Outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are no validated biomarkers that correlate with the prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). The CD24 and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) genes are important in the malignant transformation of gastrointestinal cells. This study examined APC and CD24 genetic polymorphisms and their possible impact on survival of patients with PDA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and pathological data as well as blood samples for extracting DNA were obtained for 73 patients with PDA. Real-time PCR assessed genetic variants of APC (I1307K and E1317Q), and four different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CD24 gene: C170T (rs52812045), TG1527del (rs3838646), A1626G (rs1058881) and A1056G (rs1058818).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age at diagnosis was 64 (41-90) years. Thirty-one patients (42.5%) were operable, 16 (22%) had locally advanced disease and 26 (35.5%) had disseminated metastatic cancer. The malignancy-related mortality rate was 84%. Median survival was 14 months (11.25-16.74). Survival was similar for wild-type (WT), heterozygous and homozygous variants of the APC or CD24 genes. The three most frequent CD24 SNP combinations were: heterozygote for A1626G and WT for the rest of the alleles (14% of patients), heterozygote for C170T, A1626G, A1056G and WT for the rest (14% of patients), and heterozygote for C170T, A1056G and WT for the rest (10% of patients). All patients were APC WT. The first two groups were significantly younger at diagnosis than the third group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Specific polymorphisms in the APC and CD24 genes may play a role in pancreatic cancer development. Correlation with survival requires a larger cohort.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Sivan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shamai
authors.affiliation: The Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Ilana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nabiochtchikov
authors.affiliation: The Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.affiliation: The Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zigdon
authors.affiliation: The Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kazanov
authors.affiliation: The Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itzhak-Klutch
authors.affiliation: The Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Carmit
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eizner
authors.affiliation: The Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Nadir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arber
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Ravit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Geva
mesh_terms: D025601:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D051927:CD24 Antigen / Q000235:genetics*; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D025601:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051927:CD24 Antigen; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm