title: Association of parental history of type 2 diabetes with age, lifestyle, anthropometric factors, and clinical severity at type 2 diabetes diagnosis: results from the DD2 study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated whether parental history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is associated with age, lifestyle, anthropometric factors, and clinical severity at the time of T2D diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional study based on the Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes cohort. We examined the prevalence ratios (PR) of demographic, lifestyle, anthropometric, and clinical factors according to parental history, using Poisson regression adjusting for age and gender.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 2825 T2D patients, 34% (n = 964) had a parental history of T2D. Parental history was associated with younger age at diagnosis [adjusted (a)PR 1.66, 95% confidence interval: 1.19, 2.31) for age <40 years; aPR 1.36 (95% confidence interval: 1.24, 1.48) for ages 40-59 years] and with higher baseline fasting plasma glucose [≥7.5 mmol/L, aPR 1.47 (95% confidence interval: 1.20, 1.80)], and also tended to be associated with lower beta cell function. In contrast, patients both with and without a parental history had similar occurrence of central obesity [91% vs. 91%], weight gain ≥30 kg since age 20 [52% vs. 53%], and lack of regular physical activity [60% vs. 58%]. Presence of diabetes complications or comorbidities at T2D diagnosis was not associated with parental history.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lack of an association between parental history and adverse lifestyle factors indicates that T2D patients do not inherit a particular propensity for overeating or inactivity, whereas patients with a parental history may have more severe pancreatic beta cell dysfunction at diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6706-6336
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Klara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berencsi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mor
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jørgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rungby
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Centre, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jens Steen
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology M, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Friborg
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Brandslund
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jens Sandahl
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet and Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vaag
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Centre, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Beck-Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Henrik Toft
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Reimar Wernich
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Thomsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000886:Anthropometry; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015430:Weight Gain
keywords: T2D; anthropometric factors; comorbidity; family history; lifestyle; parental history