title: Ruta montana L. leaf essential oil and extracts: characterization of bioactive compounds and suppression of crown gall disease.
abstract: The aims of this study were to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of the leaf essential oil and the leaf extracts of R. montana against Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Verticillium dahliae, Aspergillus oryzae and Fusarium solani. The oil (1.000 µg/disk) and the extracts (1.500 µg/disk) revealed a remarkable antifungal effect against the tested plant pathogenic fungi with a radial growth inhibition percentage of 40.0-80.0 % and 5.0-58.0 %, respectively along with their respective MIC values ranging from 100 to 1100 µg/mL and 250 to 3000 µg/mL. The oil had a strong detrimental effect on spore germination of all the tested plant pathogens along with the concentration as well as time-dependent kinetic inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum. Also, the oil exhibited a potent in vivo antifungal effect against Botrytis cinerea on tomato plants. Experiments carried out in plant revealed that the essential oil was slightly effective in suppression of gall formation induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens on bitter almond. The results of this study indicate that the oil and extracts of R. montana leaves could become natural alternatives to synthetic fungicides to control certain important plant microbial diseases. The GC-MS analysis determined that 28 compounds, which represented 89.03 % of total oil, were present in the oil containing mainly 1-butene, methylcyclopropane, 2-butene and caryophyllene oxide.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche Protection des Plantes Cultivées et Environnement, Institut de l'Olivier, Sfax BP1087, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Inés
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hammami
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Microorganismes et de Biomolécules du Centre de Biotechnology de Sfax. Route Sidi Mansour Km 6 B.P. 117, 3018 Sfax- Tunisia.
authors.forename: Slim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smaoui
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Microorganismes et de Biomolécules du Centre de Biotechnology de Sfax. Route Sidi Mansour Km 6 B.P. 117, 3018 Sfax- Tunisia ; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Zarroug 2112, Gafsa, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Anis Ben
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Hsouna
authors.affiliation: College of Science and Arts, Al-Rass, P.O. Box 53, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia ; High Institute of Environmental Science and Technologies (HIEST-Borj Cedria, Tunisia).
authors.forename: Naceur
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hamdi
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche Protection des Plantes Cultivées et Environnement, Institut de l'Olivier, Sfax BP1087, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Mohamed Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Triki
keywords: Ruta montana; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; essential oil; in vivo assay