title: Evolving Evidence for the Value of Neuroimaging Methods and Biological Markers in Subjects Categorized with Subjective Cognitive Decline.
abstract: There is evolving evidence that individuals categorized with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) are potentially at higher risk for developing objective and progressive cognitive impairment compared to cognitively healthy individuals without apparent subjective complaints. Interestingly, SCD, during advancing preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD), may denote very early, subtle cognitive decline that cannot be identified using established standardized tests of cognitive performance. The substantial heterogeneity of existing SCD-related research data has led the Subjective Cognitive Decline Initiative (SCD-I) to accomplish an international consensus on the definition of a conceptual research framework on SCD in preclinical AD. In the area of biological markers, the cerebrospinal fluid signature of AD has been reported to be more prevalent in subjects with SCD compared to healthy controls; moreover, there is a pronounced atrophy, as demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging, and an increased hypometabolism, as revealed by positron emission tomography, in characteristic brain regions affected by AD. In addition, SCD individuals carrying an apolipoprotein ɛ4 allele are more likely to display AD-phenotypic alterations. The urgent requirement to detect and diagnose AD as early as possible has led to the critical examination of the diagnostic power of biological markers, neurophysiology, and neuroimaging methods for AD-related risk and clinical progression in individuals defined with SCD. Observational studies on the predictive value of SCD for developing AD may potentially be of practical value, and an evidence-based, validated, qualified, and fully operationalized concept may inform clinical diagnostic practice and guide earlier designs in future therapy trials.
authors.affiliation: AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France.|Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris 06, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A) & Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UMR S 1127, Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lista
authors.affiliation: Alzheimers Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.|Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Molinuevo
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris 06, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A) & Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UMR S 1127, Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.|CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform, France.|Laboratory of Epidemiology, Neuroimaging and Telemedicine, IRCCS Istituto Centro "San Giovanni diDio-Fatebenefratelli", Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cavedo
authors.affiliation: Alzheimers Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.|Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rami
authors.affiliation: Inserm, U1157, Lille, France.|Université de Lille, Lille, France.|Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.|Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amouyel
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany & German Center forNeurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Teipel
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Molecular Imaging, Interventional Radiology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital of "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.|Department of Biomedicine and Prevention University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Garaci
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedicine and Prevention University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.|Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, USA.|Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Toschi
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U 1146, CNRS UMR 7371, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France.|AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nuclear Medicine Department, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Odile
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Habert
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.|The Torsten Söderberg Professorship in Medicine at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
authors.forename: Kaj
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blennow
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.|Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zetterberg
authors.affiliation: Institute for Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Research & Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Sid E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: O'Bryant
authors.affiliation: Institute for Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Research & Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Leigh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Epidemiology, Neuroimaging and Telemedicine, IRCCS Istituto Centro "San Giovanni diDio-Fatebenefratelli", Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galluzzi
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Systems Group, Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.|Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Arun L W
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Bokde
authors.affiliation: President, Federal Institute of Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Broich
authors.affiliation: Institute of Brain, Behaviours and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Herholz
authors.affiliation: IM2A - Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, IHU-A-ICM - Paris Institute of Translational Neurosciences, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Hovagim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bakardjian
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris 06, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A) & Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UMR S 1127, Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dubois
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.|German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jessen
authors.affiliation: Medical & Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Carrillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA∥
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Aisen
authors.affiliation: AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France.|Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris 06, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A) & Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UMR S 1127, Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hampel
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; biological markers; blood-based biomarkers; cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers; clinical trials; functional MRI markers; molecular imaging markers; preclinical Alzheimer’s disease; structural MRI markers; subjective cognitive decline