title: Phylogeographic structure of cotton pest Adelphocoris suturalis (Hemiptera: Miridae): strong subdivision in China inferred from mtDNA and rDNA ITS markers.
abstract: Phylogeographic patterns of some extant plant and vertebrate species have been well studied; however, they are poorly understood in the majority of insects. The study documents analysis of mitochondrial (COI, CYTB and ND5) and nuclear (5.8S rDNA, ITS2 and 28S rDNA) data from 419 individuals of Adelphocoris suturalis, which is one of the main cotton pests found in the 31 locations in China and Japan involved in the study. Results show that the species is highly differentiated between populations from central China and peripheral China regions. Analysis of molecular variance showed a high level of geographical differentiation at different hierarchical levels. Isolation-by-distance test showed no significant correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance among A. suturalis populations, which suggested gene flow is not restricted by distance. In seven peripheral populations, the high levels of genetic differentiation and the small Nem values implied that geographic barriers were more likely restrict gene flow. Neutrality tests and the Bayesian skyline plot suggested population expansion likely happened during the cooling transition between Last Interglacial and Last Glacial Maximum. All lines of evidence suggest that physical barriers, Pleistocene climatic oscillations and geographical heterogeneity have affected the population structure and distribution of this insect in China.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.|Cotton Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Hu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Maricopa Agricultural Center, University of Arizona, Maricopa, AZ 85138, USA.
authors.forename: Shujuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
authors.forename: Aibing
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kou
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Huaizhu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xun
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molluscan Quarantine and Identification of AQSIQ, Fujian Entry-Exit Inspection &Quarantine Bureau, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China.
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China.
authors.forename: Jianxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Cotton Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China.
authors.forename: Jinjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Maricopa, AZ 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Dawn H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Gouge
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Wanzhi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002681:China; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics*; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I / Q000235:genetics; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D003368:Gossypium; D020062:Heteroptera / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D007564:Japan; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics*; D058974:Phylogeography; D012339:RNA, Ribosomal, 28S / Q000235:genetics; D012340:RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D012339:RNA, Ribosomal, 28S; D012340:RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I