title: Recent Developments and Future Opportunities in the Treatment of Tuberculosis in Children.
abstract: Tuberculosis in children accounts for a significant proportion of the overall burden of disease, and yet for many years research into pediatric treatment has been neglected. Recently, there have been major developments in our understanding of pediatric tuberculosis, and a large number of studies are under way or planned. New drugs and regimens are being evaluated, and older drugs are being repurposed. Shorter regimens with potentially fewer side effects are being assessed for the treatment and prevention of both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis. It may be possible to tailor treatment so that children with less severe disease are given shorter regimens, and weekly dosing is under investigation for preventive therapy and for the continuation phase of treatment. The interaction with human immunodeficiency virus and the management of tuberculosis meningitis are also likely to be better understood. Exciting times lie ahead for pediatric tuberculosis, but much work remains to be done.
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London NHS Healthcare Trust, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Seddon
authors.affiliation: Treatment Action Group, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London NHS Healthcare Trust, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Tejshri
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London NHS Healthcare Trust, United Kingdom Vaccines & Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, The Gambia, Fajara.
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kampmann
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D014390:Tuberculosis, Meningeal / Q000188:drug therapy; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents
keywords: children; prevention; resistant; treatment; tuberculosis