title: GPI-anchored protein organization and dynamics at the cell surface.
abstract: The surface of eukaryotic cells is a multi-component fluid bilayer in which glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins are an abundant constituent. In this review, we discuss the complex nature of the organization and dynamics of GPI-anchored proteins at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Different biophysical techniques have been utilized for understanding this organization, including fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, single particle tracking, and a number of super resolution methods. Major insights into the organization and dynamics have also come from exploring the short-range interactions of GPI-anchored proteins by fluorescence (or Förster) resonance energy transfer microscopy. Based on the nanometer to micron scale organization, at the microsecond to the second time scale dynamics, a picture of the membrane bilayer emerges where the lipid bilayer appears inextricably intertwined with the underlying dynamic cytoskeleton. These observations have prompted a revision of the current models of plasma membrane organization, and suggest an active actin-membrane composite.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Biological Sciences (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research), Bangalore 560065, India.
authors.forename: Suvrajit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Biological Sciences (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research), Bangalore 560065, India Shanmugha Arts, Science, Technology and Research Academy, Thanjavur 613401, India.
authors.forename: Anupama Ambika
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Anilkumar
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Biological Sciences (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research), Bangalore 560065, India Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore 560065, India mayor@ncbs.res.in.
authors.forename: Satyajit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mayor
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D008565:Membrane Proteins
keywords: activity; actomyosin; diffusion; glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein; homo-fluorescence resonance energy transfer; lipid rafts; microdomains; nanoscale; signal transduction; super-resolution