title: Bevacizumab (AVASTIN) and age-related macular degeneration. Lower cost does not justify taking risks.
abstract: Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab, a VEGF inhibitor, is an option for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Because of its lower price, bevacizumab, a VEGF inhibitor closely related to ranibizumab and marketed for the treatment of various malignancies, is sometimes used off label for intravitreal injection in AMD. In 2011, the harm-benefit balance of bevacizumab in patients with AMD was uncertain. New data are available in 2015. In six randomised trials including a total of about 3200 patients, funded independently of the pharmaceutical industry, bevacizumab (1.25 mg per dose) was about as effective as ranibizumab (0.5 mg per injection): visual acuity stabilised or improved in 90% to 95% of patients after one to two years of treatment. During these trials, bevacizumab did not reduce the number of injections needed, as compared with ranibizumab. These trials confirmed the known adverse effect profile of bevacizumab, which is similar to that of ranibizumab and includes serious ocular as well as extraocular adverse effects, in particular cardiac disorders. Serious extraocular adverse events, especially gastrointestinal disorders, were more frequent with bevacizumab than with ranibizumab at one year (18% versus 14%). In early 2015, there are no bevacizumab products suitable for intravitreal injection. In 2011, cases of sight-threatening infectious endophthalmitis were reported in the United States, following contamination during syringe preparation for intravitreal administration. In practice, when treatment with a VEGF inhibitor is considered for AMD, it is more prudent to choose ranibizumab, despite its currently unacceptable price.
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D056687:Off-Label Use; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D000069579:Ranibizumab; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D000069579:Ranibizumab