title: Evaluation of Clinical Parameters and Levels of Proinflammatory Cytokines in the Crevicular Fluid Around Dental Implants in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diabetes mellitus is considered a relative contraindication for dental implant therapy, depending on levels of glycemic control. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the peri-implant conditions and measure the levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) in patients with glycemic-controlled type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen patients with well-controlled T2DM and seven systemically healthy patients were recruited for this study. Clinical measurements were recorded, and samples of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and PICF were collected from the sulci of both adjacent teeth and implants at baseline (after implant placement), 1 month, 4 months, and 7 months. Levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the GCF and PICF were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Standardized intraoral radiographs were taken at baseline (after implant placement), 4 months, and 7 months. Implant stability was assessed by resonance frequency analysis at baseline, at 1 month, and at 4 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glycosylated hemoglobin levels in the T2DM group were significantly increased at 7 months compared to baseline levels. Implant stability quotient levels at 4 months were increased significantly compared to baseline in both groups. Alveolar bone levels around implants were statistically lower at 4 and 7 months compared to baseline and statistically decreased at 7 months compared to 4 months in the T2DM group. There were no significant differences between groups in bone levels around implants, and no significant differences were found in levels of IL-1β and TNF-α at either teeth or implants or between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that dental implant therapy can be offered to patients with well-controlled T2DM, as there were no significant differences between control and diabetic patients in terms of clinical parameters or GCF and PICF cytokine levels.
authors.forename: Şeyma Bozkurt
authors.initials: ŞB
authors.lastname: Dŏgan
authors.forename: M Bülent
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Kurtiş
authors.forename: Gülay
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tüter
authors.forename: Muhittin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serdar
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Serap
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karakış
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015921:Dental Implants; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D017268:Dental Prosthesis Retention; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010512:Periodontal Index; D016300:Radiography, Bitewing; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis*; D014732:Vibration
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D015921:Dental Implants; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha