title: [Chemical Potentials of Hydrothermal Systems and Formation of Coupled Modular Metabolic Pathways].
abstract: According to Gibbs J.W. the number of independent components is the least number of those chemical constituents, by combining which the compositions of all possible phases in the system can be obtained, and at the first stages of development of the primary metabolism of the three-component system C-H-O different hydrocarbons and molecular hydrogen were used as an energy source for, it. In the Archean hydrothermal conditions under the action of the phosphorus chemical potential the C-H-O system was transformed into a four-component system C-H-O-P setting up a gluconeogenic system, which became the basis of power supply for a protometabolism, and formation of a new cycle of CO2 fixation (reductive pentose phosphate pathway). It is shown that parageneses (association) of certain substances permitted the modular constructions of the central metabolism of the system C-H-O-P and the formed modules appear in association with each other in certain physicochemical hydrothermal conditions. Malate, oxaloacetate, pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate exhibit a turnstile-like mechanism of switching reaction directions.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Marakushev
authors.forename: O V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Belonogova
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008293:Malates / Q000378:metabolism*; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D000069497:Origin of Life; D062907:Oxaloacetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010728:Phosphoenolpyruvate / Q000378:metabolism*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008293:Malates; D014867:Water; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010758:Phosphorus; D062907:Oxaloacetic Acid; D010728:Phosphoenolpyruvate; D002244:Carbon; D006859:Hydrogen; C030298:malic acid; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D010100:Oxygen