title: Xiayuxue decoction reduces renal injury by promoting macrophage apoptosis in hepatic cirrhotic rats.
abstract: Renal pathological changes in cirrhotic rat have not been extensively reported. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Xiayuxue decoction (XYXD) could attenuate renal injury induced by bile duct ligation (BDL), with special focus on the mechanisms promoting renal macrophage apoptosis. The rats were treated with BDL for 5 weeks and administered 0.36 g/kg XYXD intragastrically from day 1 of initiating BDL. Renal tissue was monitored by hematoxylin-eosin and Sirius red staining. Macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor and chemokine ligand 2 were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Macrophage apoptosis was detected by double immunofluorescence staining. Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and glomerulus diameter increased significantly after a 5-week BDL treatment in XYXD (BDL-XYXD) rats. CD68 and pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA increased in the kidneys of control (BDL-water) rats. Fluorescence microscopy analysis showed that XYXD promoted apoptosis in renal CD68+ macrophages. Collogen1 (Col 1), pro-fibrogenic cytokines, and α-smooth muscle actin in kidneys of BDL-water rats increased significantly compared to the sham group. XYXD inhibited Col 1 and pro-fibrotic factors in BDL-XYXD rats. Our results demonstrated that XYXD significantly reduced renal injury by, at least in part, promoting macrophage apoptosis in rats with damaged renal histopathology due to BDL-induced cirrhosis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China dongying11@citiz.net.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xue
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D002465:Cell Movement; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008026:Ligation; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D024042:Collagen Type I; D003404:Creatinine; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C539355:CD68 protein, rat; D000097382:CD68 Molecule; C491766:Ccl2 protein, rat; C498862:Acta2 protein, rat