title: [Urinary soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1: potential biomarkers of active lupus nephritis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the levels of urinary soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in patients with lupus nephritis (LN), and explore their correlation with renal disease activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urine samples were collected from 92 renal biopsy-proven LN patients and 20 healthy controls. Renal disease activity was determined according to the ISN/RPS 2003 Revised Classification of Lupus Nephritis. The urine levels of sICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the expressions of intrarenal ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were evaluated by immunohistochemisty staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urinary sICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels were elevated in LN patients compared with the controls. Significantly higher levels of urinary sICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were found in patients with active LN, who had also significantly increased intrarenal expressions of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 compared with patients in remission. A strong positive correlation was noted between intrarenal expression and urine levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve of urine sICAM-1 showed tan area under ROC curve of 0.874 for all participants in the test. A cutoff of 1095.00 pg/mg creatinine yielded a good sensitivity (0.945) and specificity (0.789). The ROC curve of urine VCAM-1 showed an area under ROC of 0.882 for all the participants, and a cutoff of 898.11 pg/mg creatinine yielded a good sensitivity (0.982) and specificity (0.667).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urine sICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels are positively correlated with their intrarenal expressions and reflect the activity of the nephritis, and therefore they may serve as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of active LN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.E-mail: 411913070@qq.com.
authors.forename: Chunyi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Manqiu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zhanmei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xiaodan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Liling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000652:urine*; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1