title: Th17 Cell Induction by Adhesion of Microbes to Intestinal Epithelial Cells.
abstract: Intestinal Th17 cells are induced and accumulate in response to colonization with a subgroup of intestinal microbes such as segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) and certain extracellular pathogens. Here, we show that adhesion of microbes to intestinal epithelial cells (ECs) is a critical cue for Th17 induction. Upon monocolonization of germ-free mice or rats with SFB indigenous to mice (M-SFB) or rats (R-SFB), M-SFB and R-SFB showed host-specific adhesion to small intestinal ECs, accompanied by host-specific induction of Th17 cells. Citrobacter rodentium and Escherichia coli O157 triggered similar Th17 responses, whereas adhesion-defective mutants of these microbes failed to do so. Moreover, a mixture of 20 bacterial strains, which were selected and isolated from fecal samples of a patient with ulcerative colitis on the basis of their ability to cause a robust induction of Th17 cells in the mouse colon, also exhibited EC-adhesive characteristics.
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Atarashi
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanoue
authors.affiliation: Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Nobuhiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kamada
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagano
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narushima
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan.
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Suda
authors.affiliation: Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan.
authors.forename: Akemi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Imaoka
authors.affiliation: Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Setoyama
authors.affiliation: Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan; School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagamori
authors.affiliation: Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.affiliation: Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuichiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shima
authors.affiliation: Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan.
authors.forename: Taeko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.affiliation: Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kado
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jinnohara
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiminori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toyooka
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiichiro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin-Ichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tokoro
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan.
authors.forename: Yurika
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan; CREST, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Ivaylo I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Ivanov
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nuñez
authors.affiliation: Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: J Gray
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Camp
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.affiliation: Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan. Electronic address: yoshinori-umesaki@yakult.co.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Umesaki
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; CREST, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan. Electronic address: kenya@keio.jp.
authors.forename: Kenya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Honda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology; D044082:Citrobacter rodentium / Q000502:physiology*; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000502:physiology*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000276:immunology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D013045:Species Specificity; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D007070:Immunoglobulin A