title: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG-supplemented formula expands butyrate-producing bacterial strains in food allergic infants.
abstract: Dietary intervention with extensively hydrolyzed casein formula supplemented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (EHCF+LGG) accelerates tolerance acquisition in infants with cow's milk allergy (CMA). We examined whether this effect is attributable, at least in part, to an influence on the gut microbiota. Fecal samples from healthy controls (n=20) and from CMA infants (n=19) before and after treatment with EHCF with (n=12) and without (n=7) supplementation with LGG were compared by 16S rRNA-based operational taxonomic unit clustering and oligotyping. Differential feature selection and generalized linear model fitting revealed that the CMA infants have a diverse gut microbial community structure dominated by Lachnospiraceae (20.5±9.7%) and Ruminococcaceae (16.2±9.1%). Blautia, Roseburia and Coprococcus were significantly enriched following treatment with EHCF and LGG, but only one genus, Oscillospira, was significantly different between infants that became tolerant and those that remained allergic. However, most tolerant infants showed a significant increase in fecal butyrate levels, and those taxa that were significantly enriched in these samples, Blautia and Roseburia, exhibited specific strain-level demarcations between tolerant and allergic infants. Our data suggest that EHCF+LGG promotes tolerance in infants with CMA, in part, by influencing the strain-level bacterial community structure of the infant gut.
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University of Naples, Federico II, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berni Canani
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biosciences, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Naseer
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sangwan
authors.affiliation: Committee on Immunology and Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Stefka
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University of Naples, Federico II, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nocerino
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University of Naples, Federico II, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorella
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paparo
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University of Naples, Federico II, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aitoro
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calignano
authors.affiliation: Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Aly A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biosciences, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA.|Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.|Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Jack A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.affiliation: Committee on Immunology and Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Cathryn R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Nagler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D002087:Butyrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D002364:Caseins / Q000276:immunology; D002417:Cattle; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D016269:Milk Hypersensitivity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D002087:Butyrates; D002364:Caseins