title: Dietary Components Affect the Plasma and Tissue Levels of Lutein in Aged Rats with Lutein Deficiency--A Repeated Gavage and Dietary Study.
abstract: The aim of this study was to find out the influence of selected dietary components on plasma and tissue response of repeated micellar and dietary lutein in aged rats with lutein deficiency. In repeated (16 d) gavage study, micellar lutein was co-ingested with either phosphatidylcholine (PC), lyso-phosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), β-carotene, dietary fiber or vegetable fat (3% soybean oil). In dietary study, rats were fed (4 wk) semi-synthetic diet either with lutein + PC, lutein + dietary fiber or B. alba (lutein source) + PC. The post-prandial plasma and tissue response of lutein was measured by HPLC. Results showed that micellar fat, PC and lysoPC significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the lutein levels in plasma (31.1%, 26.8%, and 34.9%), liver (27.4%, 29.5%, and 8.6%), and eyes (63.5%, 90.2%, and 86%) compared to the control group (group gavaged micelles with no dietary components studied). Similarly, dietary study showed an enhanced plasma, liver, and eye lutein levels by 44.8%, 24.1%, and 42.0% (lutein + PC group) and 51.7%, 39.8%, and 31.7% (B.alba + PC group), respectively compared to control. The activity of antioxidant enzymes in plasma and liver of both the studies were also affected compared to control. Result reveals, that PC enhance the intestinal absorption of both micellar and dietary lutein which is either in free or bound form with food matrices in aged rats with lutein deficiency. Hence, PC at a concentration used in this study can be considered to improve the lutein bioavailability in lutein deficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lutein and zeaxanthin are macular pigments acquired mostly from greens, that play an significant role in protecting vision from Age related macular degeneration (AMD). However, their biological availability is poor and affected by dietary components. This study demonstrates the positive influence of dietary PC and lyso PC in improving intestinal uptake of lutein. Our previous and present finding shows there is a possibility of developing functional/supplemental foods with PC and lyso PC targeted to elderly populace thus minimizing or delaying the vision complication associated like AMD.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Inst, Mysore 570 020, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Mamatha Bangera
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Sheshappa
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Inst, Mysore 570 020, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Arunkumar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ranganathan
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Inst, Mysore 570 020, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhatiwada
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Lipid Science, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Inst, Mysore, 570 020, India.
authors.forename: Ramprasad Ravichandra
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Talahalli
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Inst, Mysore 570 020, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Baskaran
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vallikannan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D004032:Diet; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000494:pharmacology; D005123:Eye / Q000378:metabolism; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D014975:Lutein / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008823:Micelles; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000494:pharmacology; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*; D065146:Zeaxanthins / Q000097:blood; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D008823:Micelles; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D065146:Zeaxanthins; D019207:beta Carotene; D013024:Soybean Oil; D014975:Lutein
keywords: absorption; aging; bioavailability; carotenoids; phospholipids