title: Neuropsin (OPN5)-mediated photoentrainment of local circadian oscillators in mammalian retina and cornea.
abstract: The molecular circadian clocks in the mammalian retina are locally synchronized by environmental light cycles independent of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) in the brain. Unexpectedly, this entrainment does not require rods, cones, or melanopsin (OPN4), possibly suggesting the involvement of another retinal photopigment. Here, we show that the ex vivo mouse retinal rhythm is most sensitive to short-wavelength light but that this photoentrainment requires neither the short-wavelength-sensitive cone pigment [S-pigment or cone opsin (OPN1SW)] nor encephalopsin (OPN3). However, retinas lacking neuropsin (OPN5) fail to photoentrain, even though other visual functions appear largely normal. Initial evidence suggests that OPN5 is expressed in select retinal ganglion cells. Remarkably, the mouse corneal circadian rhythm is also photoentrainable ex vivo, and this photoentrainment likewise requires OPN5. Our findings reveal a light-sensing function for mammalian OPN5, until now an orphan opsin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA 98104;
authors.forename: Ethan D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Buhr
authors.affiliation: The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205;
authors.forename: Wendy W S
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205;
authors.forename: Xiaozhi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205;
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205;
authors.forename: Hsi-Wen Rock
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229;
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.affiliation: Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229;
authors.forename: Shruti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vemaraju
authors.affiliation: Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229;
authors.forename: Minh-Thanh
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205; Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205;
authors.forename: Randall R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.affiliation: Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229;
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205; Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205; kwyau@jhmi.edu russvg@uw.edu.
authors.forename: King-Wai
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Yau
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA 98104; Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA 98104; Department of Pathology, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA 98104 kwyau@jhmi.edu russvg@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Russell N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Van Gelder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003315:Cornea / Q000502:physiology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D055355:Opsins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D012160:Retina / Q000502:physiology*; D013493:Suprachiasmatic Nucleus / Q000502:physiology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; C571120:OPN5 protein, mouse; D055355:Opsins
keywords: OPN5; circadian rhythm; cornea; photoentrainment; retina