title: Contraceptive use among female sex workers in three Russian cities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of, and factors associated with, use of non-barrier contraception (intrauterine device, hormonal contraceptives, and female sterilization) among female sex workers (FSWs) in three Russian cities.
  
  
  METHODS
  A secondary analysis of data from a cross-sectional survey of FSWs aged 18 years and older from Kazan, Krasnoyarsk, and Tomsk was undertaken. Participants had completed a one-time computer-based survey in 2011. Among the 708 with a current contraceptive need, logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with use of non-barrier contraceptives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Use of non-barrier contraceptives was reported by 237 (33.5%) FSWs. Use of non-barrier contraceptives was associated with being in sex work longer (≥ 4 years vs < 1 year: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 4.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.51-14.66) and having a non-paying partner (AOR 2.02; 95% CI 1.32-3.11). Odds of non-barrier contraception were reduced among FSWs who had ever worked with a pimp/momka (AOR 0.46; 95% CI 0.24-0.87), who had experienced recent client-perpetrated violence (AOR 0.19; 95% CI 0.07-0.52), or reporting consistent condom use (AOR 0.30; 95% CI 0.16-0.54). Only 13 (5.5%) of the 237 FSWs using non-barrier contraception reported consistent condom use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only one-third reported use of non-barrier contraception, suggesting substantial unmet contraceptive needs. FSWs are an important target population for family planning, reproductive health counseling, and care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Caitlin E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Wirtz
authors.affiliation: AIDS Infoshare, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mogilniy
authors.affiliation: AIDS Infoshare, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Alena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peryshkina
authors.affiliation: Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beyrer
authors.affiliation: Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: mdecker@jhsph.edu.
authors.forename: Michele R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Decker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003267:Contraception / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003268:Contraception Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012426:Russia; D012742:Sex Offenses; D060386:Sex Workers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012747:Sexual Partners; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Contraception; Female sex workers; Russia