title: Calcinosis Cutis and Calciphylaxis.
abstract: Calcinosis cutis (CC) is defined as the deposition of calcium salts in the skin. The condition is divided into 5 types: calciphylaxis and dystrophic, metastatic, idiopathic, and iatrogenic CC. Dystrophic CC is the most common form and usually occurs in association with autoimmune diseases. CC can be treated surgically or with the use of drugs such as diltiazem, bisphosphonates, warfarin, ceftriaxone, probenecid, minocycline, or aluminum hydroxide. Calciphylaxis is defined as calcification of the media of small- and medium-sized blood vessels in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Clinically, calciphylaxis causes livedo racemosa, which progresses to retiform purpura and skin necrosis. First-line treatment is with sodium thiosulfate. We present a review of the calcifying disorders of the skin, focusing on their diagnosis and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Dermatología Médico-Quirúrgica y Venereología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, España. Electronic address: davidjimenezgallo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Gallo
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Dermatología Médico-Quirúrgica y Venereología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, España.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ossorio-García
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Dermatología Médico-Quirúrgica y Venereología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, España.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Linares-Barrios
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D002115:Calciphylaxis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D003095:Collagen Diseases / Q000150:complications; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D012876:Skin Diseases, Parasitic / Q000150:complications; D013885:Thiosulfates / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D013885:Thiosulfates; D010758:Phosphorus; C017717:sodium thiosulfate; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Calcificación cutánea; Calcifilaxis; Calcinosis cutis; Calciphylaxis; Cutaneous calcification; Sodium thiosulfate; Tiosulfato sódico