title: The Laminated Nature of the Pectoralis Major Muscle and the Redefinition of the Inframammary Fold: Clinical Implications in Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery.
abstract: The breast is appreciated aesthetically and clinically for its shape, projection, and volume. Surgical techniques have evolved to manipulate the breast skin envelope, soft tissues, and chest wall anatomy, with and without prosthetic devices. The pectoralis major specifically is altered for pocket dissection and implant coverage. Both the aesthetic and reconstructive surgeons are aware of its relationship to the chest wall and the breast soft tissues. Both are able to achieve outstanding outcomes; however, the authors present an alternative appreciation of the pectoralis and its relationship to the breast.
authors.affiliation: Parkcrest Plastic Surgery, 845 North New Ballas Court, Suite 300, St Louis, MO 63141, USA. Electronic address: drmaclin@earthlink.net.
authors.forename: Melvin M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Maclin
authors.affiliation: St Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Olivier A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Deigni
authors.affiliation: Bengtson Center for Aesthetics & Plastic Surgery, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Bradley P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Bengtson
mesh_terms: D001940:Breast / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D019928:Breast Implantation; D004210:Dissection; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D035441:Thoracic Wall / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Acellular dermal matrix; Breast augmentation; Breast inflection points; Breast reconstruction; Chest wall anatomy; Inframammary fold; Pectoralis major muscle; Subpectoral augmentation