title: Effect of histatin-5 and lysozyme on the ability of Streptococcus mutans to form biofilms in in vitro conditions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The mechanisms of adhesion to solid surfaces enable S. mutans to colonize oral cavities and form biofilms, which play an important role in caries development. Additional properties enabling the survival of S. mutans in the oral cavity include its ability to survive in acidic environments and specific interactions with other microorganisms inhabiting this ecosystem.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of saliva histatin-5 (peptide) and lysozyme (protein) against S. mutans and L. rhamnosus, as representatives of physiological flora.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved strains of physiological (L. rhamnosus) and cariogenic (S. mutans) flora isolated from one patient with diagnosed early caries of the deciduous teeth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was proved that the presence of probiotic L. rhamnosus bacteria in the environment had a negative impact on the ability of S. mutans to produce biofilm. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of histatin-5 was confirmed, and it inhibited S. mutans growth at concentrations of 27.2 μg/ml and 54.4 μg/ml, both individually and in a mixture with lysozyme (in a total concentration of 54.4 μg/ml).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data obtained constitute a promising result due to their potential future application in the prevention and early diagnosis of caries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Wirginia
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Krzyściak
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jurczak
authors.affiliation: Genetics Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piątkowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kościelniak
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gregorczyk-Maga
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kołodziej
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Papież
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Olczak-Kowalczyk
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000382:microbiology; D054808:Histatins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology; D009113:Muramidase / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D054808:Histatins; D009113:Muramidase