title: The Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Cell Proliferation and Adipogenic Potential of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains multiple growth factors and has been shown to enhance fat graft survival after lipotransfer. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating this effect remain unknown. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) play an important role in fat graft survival and are a likely target for PRP-mediated effects. This study seeks to investigate the impact of PRP on ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human ASCs were isolated using our laboratory protocol. The experiments were divided into four arms: (1) ASCs cultured in general culture medium alone; (2) ASCs in general culture medium + 5%, 10%, 15%, or 20% PRP; (3) ASCs cultured in adipogenic differentiation medium alone; (4) ASCs cultured in adipogenic medium + 5%, 10%, 15%, or 20% PRP. Cell proliferation was analyzed and comparative m-RNA expression of adipogenic genes was assessed by quantitative PCR. Protein expression was determined by western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PRP significantly enhanced proliferation of ASCs, even in the presence of antiproliferative, proadipogenic media. In contrast, PRP inhibited adipogenic differentiation in adipogenic media, evidenced by decreased intracellular lipid accumulation and reduced adipogenic gene expression (PPAR-γ and FABP4). Inhibition appears to occur through downregulation of bone morphogenetic protein receptor IA (BMPRIA) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1). Interestingly, PRP elicited these effects across the entire range of doses studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PRP appears to modulate ASC function primarily by enhancing cell proliferation. The consequences of its impact on adipogenesis are less clear. Enhanced proliferation initially might set the stage for more robust regeneration and adipogenesis at later time points, providing an important target for ongoing research.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania .|2 Division of Trauma Plastic Surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University , Taiwan, Republic of China .
authors.forename: Han Tsung
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania .|3 University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania .
authors.forename: Isaac B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: James
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania .|4 Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania .|5 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania .
authors.forename: Kacey G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Marra
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania .|4 Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania .|5 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania .
authors.forename: J Peter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Rubin
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D061249:Batch Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma / Q000378:metabolism*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*