title: Targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor pathway in breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this manuscript is to critically review the literature published last year focusing on the rationale and potential role of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors in breast cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Substantial evidence indicates that aberrant FGFR signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. FGFR targeting has progressed in the last years due to the development of novel agents inhibiting FGF or FGFR. One of the most investigated FGFR inhibitors is lucitanib, which has shown clinical activity in breast cancer, especially in presence of FGF aberrations. Moving forward, the design and development of FGFR4 inhibitors and covalent FGFR inhibitors may overcome resistance to first-generation FGFR inhibitors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhibition of FGFR signaling is under investigation in the treatment of breast cancer with increasing interest. Next steps will include the optimal selection of patients to be treated with this class of drugs and the development of new-generation FGFR inhibitors to face with the resistance issue.
authors.affiliation: aDivision of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, Milan bDipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Criscitiello
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: Sabino
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Placido
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Curigliano
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor