title: Post-conflict affiliation as conflict management in captive bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus).
abstract: Post-conflict affiliation between former opponents or between one of the former opponents and bystanders might have the function of conflict management, which reduces the costs associated with aggressions. One of the suggested functions of post-conflict affiliation is decreased renewed aggressions directed from aggressors to victims. However, the effect of post-conflict affiliation on renewed aggressions by victims has not been investigated. We examined whether post-conflict affiliations decreased the number of renewed aggressions initiated by winners or losers in captive bottlenose dolphins. Both winners and losers initiated renewed aggressions. However, these aggressions decreased after post-conflict affiliation between former opponents, initiated by bystanders to winners, initiated by losers to bystanders, and initiated by bystanders to losers. Post-conflict affiliation between former opponents is suggested to function as reconciliation. Post-conflict affiliation initiated by losers to bystanders is suggested to function as the protection of losers. Post-conflict affiliations initiated by bystanders to one of former opponents are suggested to function as both appeasement and protection of the opponent who affiliates with bystanders.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.|Department of Animal Sciences, Teikyo University of Science, 2525 Yatsusawa, Uenohara, Yamanashi 409-0193, Japan.
authors.forename: Chisato
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Institute of Innovative Science and Technology, Tokai University, 3-20-1 Orido, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka 424-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadamichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morisaka
authors.affiliation: Kobe City Suma Aqualife Park, 1-3-5 Wakamiya-cho, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0049, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furuta
authors.affiliation: Shimonoseki Marine Science Museum, 6-1 Arcaport, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 750-0036, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.affiliation: Kagoshima City Aquarium, 3-1 Honkoushinmachi, Kagoshima 892-0814, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Miyajima Public Aquarium, 10-3 Miyajima-cho, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0534, Japan.
authors.forename: Michihiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taki
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, Teikyo University of Science, 2525 Yatsusawa, Uenohara, Yamanashi 409-0193, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amano
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D050681:Bottle-Nosed Dolphin; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D012919:Social Behavior