title: Contamination of public squares and parks with parasites in Erbil city, Iraq.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The soil of public squares and parks may be contaminated with the infective stages of parasites because of the presence of stray animals in these parks. Many people take a rest in these places and they may be at risk of infection with parasites because the infective stages of parasites can survive for months, or even years, in spite of the factors of weather.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate contamination with the eggs of parasites in the soil of parks in Erbil city, Iraq.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight soil samples were collected from 12 public parks and gardens from 11 different neighbourhoods (8 parks and 3 playgrounds) and one district in Erbil city. The zinc sulfate floatation method was used to recover the eggs of parasites from the samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eggs of parasites were identified in 91.6% of the parks. Eggs of Hymenolepis diminuta were found in 75%, Toxocara spp. in 50%, Ascaris spp. in 33.3%, Taenia spp. in 25%, hookworm in 25%, Trichostrongylus spp. in 16.7% and Trichuris spp. in 16.7% of the parks. Helminth eggs were found in 48% soil samples with a mean number of 1.1 per soil sample. The most contaminated soil sample was found in a park in neighbourhood number 325 with 6 eggs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of pathogenic parasites in the soil of parks in Erbil city constitutes a high risk to the people who use these parks for recreation, and requires the appropriate control for these parasites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University - Erbil, Iraq.
authors.forename: Khder
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nooraldeen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002947:Cities / Q000453:epidemiology; D006373:Helminthiasis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D006376:Helminths / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007493:Iraq / Q000453:epidemiology; D010270:Parasite Egg Count; D000068316:Parks, Recreational; D012987:Soil / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D012987:Soil