title: Biocompatibility of polysebacic anhydride microparticles with chondrocytes in engineered cartilage.
abstract: One of main challenges in developing clinically relevant engineered cartilage is overcoming limited nutrient diffusion due to progressive elaboration of extracellular matrix at the periphery of the construct. Macro-channels have been used to decrease the nutrient path-length; however, the channels become occluded with matrix within weeks in culture, reducing nutrient diffusion. Alternatively, microparticles can be imbedded throughout the scaffold to provide localized nutrient delivery. In this study, we evaluated biocompatibility of polysebacic anhydride (PSA) polymers and the effectiveness of PSA-based microparticles for short-term delivery of nutrients in engineered cartilage. PSA-based microparticles were biocompatible with juvenile bovine chondrocytes for concentrations up to 2mg/mL; however, cytotoxicity was observed at 20mg/mL. Cytotoxicity at high concentrations is likely due to intracellular accumulation of PSA degradation products and resulting lipotoxicity. Cytotoxicity of PSA was partially reversed in the presence of bovine serum albumin. In conclusion, the findings from this study demonstrate concentration-dependent biocompatibility of PSA-based microparticles and potential application as a nutrient delivery vehicle that can be imbedded in scaffolds for tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Earth and Environmental Engineering, 500 W, 120th street, 918 Mudd Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, United States. Electronic address: sp2522@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Sathish
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ponnurangam
authors.affiliation: Mechanical Engineering, 5122 Etcheverry Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States.
authors.forename: Grace D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.affiliation: Biomedical engineering, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States.
authors.forename: Clark T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Earth and Environmental Engineering, 500 W, 120th street, 918 Mudd Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, United States.
authors.forename: Ponisseril
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Somasundaran
mesh_terms: D000812:Anhydrides / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002358:Cartilage, Articular; D002417:Cattle; D019902:Chondrocytes; D003652:Decanoic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D000812:Anhydrides; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003652:Decanoic Acids; C508111:Poly (sebacic anhydride)
keywords: Articular cartilage; Delivery; Hydrogel; Lipotoxicity; Microparticles; Polysebacic anhydride