title: Mechanisms contributing to myocardial potassium channel diversity, regulation and remodeling.
abstract: In the mammalian heart, multiple types of K(+) channels contribute to the control of cardiac electrical and mechanical functioning through the regulation of resting membrane potentials, action potential waveforms and refractoriness. There are similarly vast arrays of K(+) channel pore-forming and accessory subunits that contribute to the generation of functional myocardial K(+) channel diversity. Maladaptive remodeling of K(+) channels associated with cardiac and systemic diseases results in impaired repolarization and increased propensity for arrhythmias. Here, we review the diverse transcriptional, post-transcriptional, post-translational, and epigenetic mechanisms contributing to regulating the expression, distribution, and remodeling of cardiac K(+) channels under physiological and pathological conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kai-Chien
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. Electronic address: jnerbonne@wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Jeanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nerbonne
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D064752:Atrial Remodeling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012323:RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
chemical_list: D015221:Potassium Channels; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D011188:Potassium
keywords: Arrhythmias; Cardiac hypertrophy; Diabetes; Heart failure; Long non-coding RNAs; MicroRNAs; Myocardial excitability; Transcription factors