title: Long-Term Efficacy of Galantamine in Alzheimer's Disease: The Okayama Galantamine Study (OGS).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most significant diseases affecting an increasingly aging society.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the long-term efficacy of galantamine treatment in a Japanese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed "Okayama Galantamine Study (OGS)" to retrospectively analyze the clinical effects of galantamine in 279 AD patients using 7 batteries for assessing dementia at baseline, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. We further analyzed the effects of galantamine based on gender and the severity of their baseline cognitive, affective, and activity of daily living (ADL) functions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all 279 AD patients (80.6 ± 7.2 years old, MMSE 20.0 ± 4.5), cognitive functions were well preserved until 12 months and even frontal assessment battery improved after 12 months although Hasegawa dementia scale-revised finally worsened at 24 months ( *p <  0.05) with galantamine treatment. Affective and ADL functions were also well maintained after galantamine treatment with significant improvement of Geriatric Depression Scale scores at 3 months ( *p <  0.05). Subanalyses showed the better response to galantamine for male and lower baseline function subgroups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our present study (OGS) revealed a long-term efficacy of galantamine in very elderly AD patients, and suggested a better efficacy for male and baseline lower cognitive, affective, and ADL functions.
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuzono
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Nozomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hishikawa
authors.forename: Kota
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deguchi
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abe
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005702:Galantamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018697:Nootropic Agents; D005702:Galantamine
keywords: Activity of daily living; Alzheimer’s disease; affective function; cognitive function; dementia; galantamine