title: On/off-switchable anti-neoplastic nanoarchitecture.
abstract: Throughout the world, there are increasing demands for alternate approaches to advanced cancer therapeutics. Numerous potentially chemotherapeutic compounds are developed every year for clinical trial and some of them are considered as potential drug candidates. Nanotechnology-based approaches have accelerated the discovery process, but the key challenge still remains to develop therapeutically viable and physiologically safe materials suitable for cancer therapy. Here, we report a high turnover, on/off-switchable functionally popping reactive oxygen species (ROS) generator using a smart mesoporous titanium dioxide popcorn (TiO2 Pops) nanoarchitecture. The resulting TiO2 Pops, unlike TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), are exceptionally biocompatible with normal cells. Under identical conditions, TiO2 Pops show very high photocatalytic activity compared to TiO2 NPs. Upon on/off-switchable photo activation, the TiO2 Pops can trigger the generation of high-turnover flash ROS and can deliver their potential anticancer effect by enhancing the intracellular ROS level until it crosses the threshold to open the 'death gate', thus reducing the survival of cancer cells by at least six times in comparison with TiO2 NPs without affecting the normal cells.
authors.affiliation: Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, IFM, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden.|Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Linköping, Sweden.|Division of Cell Biology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Hirak K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Patra
authors.affiliation: Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, IFM, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden.|Laboratory of Biophysics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.|Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Roghayeh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Imani
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell Biology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jaganmohan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Jangamreddy
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 75120 Upssala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Meysam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pazoki
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biophysics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Aleš
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iglič
authors.affiliation: Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, IFM, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anthony P F
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, IFM, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden.|Tekidag AB, Mjärdevi Science Park, Teknikringen 4A, SE 58330 Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ashutosh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tiwari
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000633:toxicity*; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009928:Organ Specificity; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium