title: Platelet proteomics in thalassemia: Factors responsible for hypercoagulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Thalassemias can be defined as a group with inherited hemolytic anemia due to differential expressions of α and β globin genes. Hemoglobin E combined with β thalassemia (HbEβ) creates high oxidative stress in platelets producing different degrees of pathophysiological severity. Numerous cases of thalassemia have been reported with thromboembolic complications due to the hypercoagulable state, the mechanism underlying that is not yet well understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have used 2DE and DIGE coupled with MALDI TOF/TOF-based MS identification and characterization of altered proteins in both splenectomized and nonsplenectomized HbEβ and β thalassemia to investigate the factors responsible for hypercoagulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study revealed elevated levels of chaperones like HSP70, protein disulfide isomerase; oxidative stress proteins like peroxiredoxin2 and superoxide dismutase1 along with high ROS levels. Upregulation of translation initiation factor 5a observed in thalassemia is a novel finding and plays a protective role toward cell survival under oxidative stress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The altered levels of chaperones and oxidative stress proteins indicate toward regulation of integrin binding and platelet activation under oxidative stress. Altogether, this comparative proteomics study of platelets in thalassemia could provide an insight into better understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Shilpita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karmakar
authors.affiliation: Hematology Unit, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Prathisthan, Kolkata, India.|Clinical Haematology Service, Park Clinic, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Debasis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.affiliation: Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Abhijit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chakrabarti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D002648:Child; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010448:Peptide Initiation Factors / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult; D017086:beta-Thalassemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D000097574:Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 5A
chemical_list: D010448:Peptide Initiation Factors; D020543:Proteome; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D000097574:Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 5A
keywords: 2D gel electrophoresis; Hypercoagulation; MALDI MS; Oxidative stress; Platelets