title: Molecular cytogenetic identification and phenotypic description of a new synthetic amphiploid,Triticum timococcum(AtAtGGAmAm).
abstract: A recently developed synthetic amphiploid,Triticum timococcumKost., nom. nud. (2n = 6x = 42, AtAtGGAmAm) is described in the present study. This hexaploid taxon was developed by colchicine treatment in Martonvásár from the hybrid of a selected accession ofTriticum timopheeviiZhuk. (2n = 4x = 28, AtAtGG) and a prebred semi-dwarf line ofTriticum monococcumL. (2n = 2x = 14, AmAm). A detailed cytomolecular examination was carried out using the sequential multicolour fluorescence and genomicin situhybridization techniques (FISH and mcGISH). It was proved thatT. timococcumhas 42 chromosomes originating from its parents. The chromosomes of the A genomes ofT. monococcumandT. timopheeviicould be distinguished in the amphiploid using FISH. The successful discrimination of the chromosomes was supported by the karyotypes of the three genomes and the successful optimization of the mcGISH technique for the A and G chromosomes achieved in the present study. A phenotypic evaluation was also carried out under natural and artificial growing conditions in 2012 and 2013. Based on the results,T. timococcumhas intermediate characteristics in terms of spike (spikelet) shape and plant height, while it is similar to the female parent,T. timopheeviiregarding pubescence. Like its parents,T. timococcumshowed outstanding resistance to the main fungal diseases of wheat.T. timococcumheaded later and developed longer and looser spikes, fewer tillers and only a third as many seeds than its parents. The third generation ofT. timococcumwas able to develop an acceptable number of seeds, even taking into account the reduced germination ability in the field.
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 19, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary.
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mikó
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 19, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary.
authors.forename: Mária
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Megyeri
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 19, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary.
authors.forename: András
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farkas
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 19, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary.
authors.forename: István
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Molnár
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 19, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary.
authors.forename: Márta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Molnár-Láng
keywords: FISH karyotype; Multicolour GISH; Synthetic amphiploid; Triticum monococcum; Triticum timococcum; Triticum timopheevii