title: Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Image with Dual Postlabeling Delay: A Correlative Study with Acetazolamide Loading (123)I-Iodoamphetamine Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Perfusion magnetic resonance image with arterial spin labeling (ASL) provides a completely noninvasive measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF). However, arterial transient times can have a marked effect on the ASL signal. For example, a single postlabeling delay (PLD) of 1.5 seconds underestimates the slowly streaming collateral pathways that maintain the cerebrovascular reserve (CVR). To overcome this limitation, we developed a dual PLD method.
  
  
  METHODS
  A dual PLD method of 1.5  and 2.5 seconds was compared with (123)I-iodoamphetamine single-photon emission computed tomography with acetazolamide loading to assess CVR in 10 patients with steno-occlusive cerebrovascular disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 5 cases (Group A), dual PLD-ASL demonstrated low CBF with 1.5-second PLD in the target area, whereas CBF was improved with 2.5-second PLD. In the other 5 cases (Group B), dual PLD-ASL depicted low CBF with 1.5-second PLD, and no improvement in CBF with 2.5-second PLD in the target area was observed. On single-photon emission computed tomography, CVR was maintained in Group A but decreased in Group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although dual PLD methods may not be a completely alternative test for (123)I-iodoamphetamine single-photon emission computed tomography with acetazolamide loading, it is a feasible, simple, noninvasive, and repeatable technique for assessing CVR, even when employed in a routine clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kyushu Rosai Hospital, Japan. Electronic address: sei.haga@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haga
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kyushu Rosai Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Takato
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morioka
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kyushu Rosai Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimogawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kyushu Rosai Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Kyushu Rosai Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Kyushu Rosai Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kyushu University, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Kyushu Rosai Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arakawa
mesh_terms: D000086:Acetazolamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D003287:Contrast Media; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002537:Intracranial Arteriosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D020367:Iofetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods*; D055420:Perfusion Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013113:Spin Labels; D020521:Stroke / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D013113:Spin Labels; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D020367:Iofetamine; D000086:Acetazolamide
keywords: Arterial spin labeling; IMP SPECT; MR perfusion image; cerebrovascular reserve; postlabeling delay