title: A Conserved Cytochrome P450 Evolved in Seed Plants Regulates Flower Maturation.
abstract: Global inspection of plant genomes identifies genes maintained in low copies across taxa and under strong purifying selection, which are likely to have essential functions. Based on this rationale, we investigated the function of the low-duplicated CYP715 cytochrome P450 gene family that appeared early in seed plants and evolved under strong negative selection. Arabidopsis CYP715A1 showed a restricted tissue-specific expression in the tapetum of flower buds and in the anther filaments upon anthesis. cyp715a1 insertion lines showed a strong defect in petal development, and transient alteration of pollen intine deposition. Comparative expression analysis revealed the downregulated expression of genes involved in pollen development, cell wall biogenesis, hormone homeostasis, and floral sesquiterpene biosynthesis, especially TPS21 and several key genes regulating floral development such as MYB21, MYB24, and MYC2. Accordingly, floral sesquiterpene emission was suppressed in the cyp715a1 mutants. Flower hormone profiling, in addition, indicated a modification of gibberellin homeostasis and a strong disturbance of the turnover of jasmonic acid derivatives. Petal growth was partially restored by the active gibberellin GA3 or the functional analog of jasmonoyl-isoleucine, coronatine. CYP715 appears to function as a key regulator of flower maturation, synchronizing petal expansion and volatile emission. It is thus expected to be an important determinant of flower-insect interaction.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Zhenhua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Benoît
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Boachon
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Raphaël
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lugan
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erhardt
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mutterer
authors.affiliation: Plateforme d'Imagerie In Vitro, IFR 37 de Neurosciences, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Demais
authors.affiliation: Transcriptomic Platform, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), INRA, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, CNRS, 91057 Evry, France.
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pateyron
authors.affiliation: Bioinformatics for Predictive Genomics, URGV, INRA, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, CNRS, 91057 Evry, France.
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brunaud
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529 Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, 771 47 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ales
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pencik
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Achard
authors.affiliation: Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hedden
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), 67084 Strasbourg, France; Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. Electronic address: daniele.werck@ibmp-cnrs.unistra.fr.
authors.forename: Danièle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Werck-Reichhart
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), 67084 Strasbourg, France; Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Hugues
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Renault
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D035264:Flowers / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D010802:Phylogeny; D010944:Plants / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D012639:Seeds / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; C000611860:cytochrome P-450 715A1, Arabidopsis
keywords: flower development; gibberellins; jasmonate; negative selection; phylogenomics; volatile compounds