title: Prevalence of Alcohol and Other Substance Use in Patients with Eating Disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The major aim of this study was to investigate any association between binge eating and purging and alcohol and substance use.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Eating Disorder Questionnaire was completed by 2966 patients. Each patient was assigned to an approximate diagnostic group based on a DSM-5-based algorithm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with bulimia nervosa (BN) used alcohol/other substances with higher frequencies compared to patients with anorexia nervosa-restricting type (AN-R), binge eating disorder (BED), and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS; p < 0.001). Patients with anorexia nervosa-binge eating/purging type (AN-BP) were more likely to use alcohol/substances than those with AN-R [odds ratio for alcohol use: 3.58 (p < 0.01); odds ratio for substance use: 30.14 (p < 0.01)]. Higher frequencies of binge eating and purging were associated with higher frequencies of substance use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients who manifest both binge eating and purging behaviour are at higher risk of substance use which may have important treatment implications.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Nursing, and Allied Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
authors.forename: Farnaz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fouladi
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA.|University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA.|University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
authors.forename: Ross D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Crosby
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA.|University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
authors.forename: Scott G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.|The Emily Program, USA.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crow
authors.affiliation: The Center for Balanced Living, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Le Grange
authors.affiliation: University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Nursing, and Allied Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.|Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA.
authors.forename: Kristine J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Steffen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002032:Bulimia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: alcohol use; binge eating; eating disorder; purging; substance use