title: HAp granules encapsulated oxidized alginate-gelatin-biphasic calcium phosphate hydrogel for bone regeneration.
abstract: Bone repair in the critical size defect zone using 3D hydrogel scaffold is still a challenge in tissue engineering field. A novel type of hydrogel scaffold combining ceramic and polymer materials, therefore, was fabricated to meet this challenge. In this study, oxidized alginate-gelatin-biphasic calcium phosphate (OxAlg-Gel-BCP) and spherical hydroxyapatite (HAp) granules encapsulated OxAlg-Gel-BCP hydrogel complex were fabricated using freeze-drying method. Detailed morphological and material characterizations of OxAlg-Gel-BCP hydrogel (OGB00), 25wt% and 35wt% granules encapsulated hydrogel (OGB25 and OGB35) were carried out for micro-structure, porosity, chemical constituents, and compressive stress analysis. Cell viability, cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation behavior of rat bone marrow-derived stem cell (BMSC) on OGB00, OGB25 and OGB35 scaffolds were confirmed by MTT assay, Live-Dead assay, and confocal imaging in vitro experiments. Finally, OGB00 and OGB25 hydrogel scaffolds were implanted in the critical size defect of rabbit femoral chondyle for 4 and 8 weeks. The micro-CT analysis and histological studies conducted by H&E and Masson's trichrome demonstrated that a significantly higher (***p<0.001) and earlier bone formation happened in case of 25% HAp granules encapsulated OxAlg-Gel-BCP hydrogel than in OxAlg-Gel-BCP complex alone. All results taken together, HAp granules encapsulated OxAlg-Gel-BCP system can be a promising 3D hydrogel scaffold for the healing of a critical bone defect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, 366-1, Ssangyong-dong, Cheonan-City, ChungCheongNam-Do 330-090, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Avik
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarker
authors.affiliation: Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, 366-1, Ssangyong-dong, Cheonan-City, ChungCheongNam-Do 330-090, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jhaleh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Amirian
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, 366-1, Ssangyong-dong, Cheonan-City, ChungCheongNam-Do 330-090, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University, 366-1, Ssangyong-dong, Cheonan-City, ChungCheongNam-Do 330-090, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Ki
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, 366-1, Ssangyong-dong, Cheonan-City, ChungCheongNam-Do 330-090, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University, 366-1, Ssangyong-dong, Cheonan-City, ChungCheongNam-Do 330-090, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: lbt@sch.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Byong Taek
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D019245:Compressive Strength; D017886:Durapatite / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005780:Gelatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D016062:Porosity; D011817:Rabbits; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D034421:Sus scrofa; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D005780:Gelatin; D017886:Durapatite; C020243:calcium phosphate
keywords: Critical defect; HAp granules; Oxidized alginate