title: Establishing the reliability of rhesus macaque social network assessment from video observations.
abstract: Understanding the properties of a social environment is important for understanding the dynamics of social relationships. Understanding such dynamics is relevant for multiple fields, ranging from animal behaviour to social and cognitive neuroscience. To quantify social environment properties, recent studies have incorporated social network analysis. Social network analysis quantifies both the global and local properties of a social environment, such as social network efficiency and the roles played by specific individuals, respectively. Despite the plethora of studies incorporating social network analysis, methods to determine the amount of data necessary to derive reliable social networks are still being developed. Determining the amount of data necessary for a reliable network is critical for measuring changes in the social environment, for example following an experimental manipulation, and therefore may be critical for using social network analysis to statistically assess social behaviour. In this paper, we extend methods for measuring error in acquired data and for determining the amount of data necessary to generate reliable social networks. We derived social networks from a group of 10 male rhesus macaques,Macaca mulatta, for three behaviours: spatial proximity, grooming and mounting. Behaviours were coded using a video observation technique, where video cameras recorded the compound where the 10 macaques resided. We collected, coded and used 10 h of video data to construct these networks. Using the methods described here, we found in our data that 1 h of spatial proximity observations produced reliable social networks. However, this may not be true for other studies due to differences in data acquisition. Our results have broad implications for measuring and predicting the amount of error in any social network, regardless of species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A. ; Yerkes Primate National Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A. ; Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Feczko
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A. ; Yerkes Primate National Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A. ; Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Thomas A J
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A. ; Yerkes Primate National Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A. ; Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Hasse
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Walum
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A. ; Yerkes Primate National Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A. ; Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Jenna M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A. ; Yerkes Primate National Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A. ; Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Heitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A. ; Yerkes Primate National Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A. ; Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Larry J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A. ; Yerkes Primate National Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A. ; Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Parr
keywords: nonhuman primate; reliability; rhesus macaque; social behaviour; social network