title: Intra-operative application of chlorhexidine gel reduces bacterial counts in internal implant cavity.
abstract: A prospective clinical trial was conducted to assess the bacterial-inhibitory potential of 1% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel in the internal cavity of implant screw holes, when utilized at the time of implant placement. A total of 40 Straumann (S) and Nobel Biocare (N) implants were divided into test (ST or NT; implant + CHX gel) and control (SC or NC; implant only) groups. Total numbers of colony-forming units (CFUs ml(-1) ) were assessed at a minimum of 3 months postsurgery by aerobic and anaerobic culture. A set of specimens was stained with Gram stain. The mean sample-collection time was 110 d for the test population and 98 d for the controls. The use of 1% CHX gel significantly reduced bacterial counts in both the ST and NT samples by over three logs compared with controls. No statistical differences in the numbers of CFUs ml(-1) were evident between aerobic and anaerobic cultures. Differences in the numbers of CFUs ml(-1) between ST and NT groups were not statistically significant. Microscopic analysis showed mainly Gram-positive coccoid species in most samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Farzan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ghannad
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.|Department of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Lubna T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Alkadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Colin B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Wiebe
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haapasalo
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Hannu S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Larjava
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D058491:Bacterial Load; D002710:Chlorhexidine; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D015921:Dental Implants; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D015921:Dental Implants; D002710:Chlorhexidine
keywords: biofilm; chlorhexidine; dental implant; screw hole