title: Gene and dietary calcium interaction effects on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity.
abstract: Understanding the lifestyle and genetic factors that affect pulse wave velocity (PWV) may provide clues to preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular events. The aim of this study is to investigate genome-wide genetic and dietary calcium (Ca) intake interaction effects on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV).
  
  
  
  The baPWV was measured, and Ca intake was quantified by administering a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to 3198 participants, which included men and women (≥40 years) from the Korean Multi-Rural communities Cohort study (MRCohort). The interaction effects of dietary Ca intake and 19 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on baPWV were assessed using the general linear models.
  
  
  
  Dietary Ca intake was not significantly associated with baPWV or any type of SNP among the subjects herein. In men, however, the adducin1 (ADD1) rs4961_C SNP had a significant dietary Ca intake-dependent effect on mean baPWV (pinteraction = 0.002). In women, the interaction of zinc finger proteins 618 (ZNF618) rs10817542_A with dietary Ca intake played a significant and key role in mean baPWV (pinteraction = 0.001). In the results of ADD1 rs4961_C in men and ZNF618 rs10817542_A in women, the minor allele-lowest Ca intake tertile (T1) group had significantly higher mean baPWV value than other subgroups of Ca intake tertile-genotype cross-classification whereas genotype was not a significant effector on mean baPWV values among highest Ca intake subgroups (T3).
  
  
  
  The baPWV, a phenotype of arterial stiffness, can be modulated in subjects through regulation of dietary Ca intake, particularly in subjects with more vulnerable genotypes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Guri Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Guri, South Korea.
authors.forename: SeongIl
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sukyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: kmkkim@hanyang.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Mi Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jinho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea; Jeonnam Regional Cancer Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Hoon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Health Promotion Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
authors.forename: Byung-Yeol
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.affiliation: Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Joo-Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D059289:Vascular Stiffness; D000099291:Adducins
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins; D002784:Cholesterol; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D014280:Triglycerides; D000099291:Adducins
keywords: Arterial stiffness; Dietary calcium intake; Gene–diet interaction; Single-nucleotide polymorphisms