title: Enhancement of tolerance of Ganoderma lucidum to cadmium by nitric oxide.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is considered as a signaling molecule involved in regulation of diverse physiological processes and stress responses in animals and plants. However, whether NO regulates fungal, particularly edible fungi, response to heavy metal stresses, is unknown. This study investigated the effect of nitric oxide on biological responses of mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum to cadmium (Cd) toxicity. Exposure of Ganoderma lucidum to Cd (400 µM) triggered production of H2O2 and O2(-) in the mycelia and further induced lipid peroxidation as well as sharply decrease of fresh biomass. However, such an effect can be reversed by exogenous supply of NO. Mycelia treated with 100 µM SNP accumulated less H2O2, O2(-), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and fresh biomass of this treatment was improved. Treatment with SNP significantly increased activities of antioxidant enzyme (peroxidase and catalase) to resist Cd stress. Meanwhile, NO-mediated alleviation of Cd toxicity was closely related to the accumulated proline as well as reduced Cd accumulation. These results suggested that NO plays a crucial role in preventing the mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum from Cd toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Shanshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Wenjin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Ni
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D002104:Cadmium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D025282:Mycelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D020940:Reishi / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D002104:Cadmium; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Antioxidant; Cadmium; Ganoderma lucidum; Nitric oxide; Oxidative damage