title: Successful balloon dilatation of both orifices in a case of double-orifice mitral valve with severe rheumatic stenosis.
abstract: A 24-year-old female patient presented to us with progressive dyspnea on exertion for last three year. She was not a known case of rheumatic heart disease. Her physical examination showed regular pulse and her blood pressure was 100/76 mm Hg. Cardiac palpation showed grade 3 parasternal heave and auscultation revelled an accentuated first heart sound, loud P2 and mid-diastolic long rumbling murmur at apex and pansystolic murmur of tricuspid regurgitation at lower left sterna border. Chest X-ray showed evidence of grade 3 pulmonary venous congestion. Transthoracic and transesophageal two-dimensional echocardiography revealed a double-orifice mitral valve of complete bridge type at the leaflet level. Both orifice sizes were unequal, with the anterolateral orifice being smaller than its counterpart. There was moderate subvalvular fusion and both commisures were fused. Color doppler examination showed two separate mitral diastolic flows with mean gradients of 22 mm and 20 mm of Hg, respectively. There was no mitral regurgitation and no left atrial or appendage clot was seen by transesophageal echocardiography. Transseptal puncture was done by the modified fluoroscopic method. Posteromedial orifice was crossed with a 24 mm Inoue balloon and dilated using the stepwise dilation technique. Anterolateral orifice was not crossed by Inuoe balloon after multiple attempts. A TYSHAK (NuMAD Canada Inc.) balloon (16 × 40mm) was taken over the wire and inflated successfully across the anterolateral orifice with the help of transthoracic echocardiography guidance. Mean gradient become 9 and 8 mm across the medial and lateral orifice. Patient was discharged in stable condition after two day. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, PGIMER, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Ranjit Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Nath
authors.affiliation: Senior Resident, Department of Cardiology, PGIMER, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Dheeraj Kumar
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Soni
mesh_terms: D063126:Balloon Valvuloplasty; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012214:Rheumatic Heart Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: double orifice mitral valve; rheumatic stenosis; tyshak balloon