title: Evaluation of pelvic floor muscles activity with and without abdominal maneuvers in subjects with and without low back pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There was controversy in finding of studies related pelvic floor muscle (PFM) rehabilitation of subjects with low back pain (LBP), while this issue is very important for treatment of subjects with LBP.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate PFM contraction in three conditions of alone and with abdominal hollowing (AH) or abdominal bracing (AB) maneuvers in subjects with and without chronic LBP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were divided into two groups: subjects with LBP (N = 25) and without LBP (N = 27). PFM contraction alone and during contraction with AH or AB maneuvers was measured. The amount of bladder base movement was measured as an indicator of PFM activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences in PFM activity between subjects with and without chronic LBP, when PFM contracted alone (P = 0.60), contracted with AH (P= 0.12) and AB maneuver (P = 0.54). Our data revealed that contraction of the PFM alone produce greater displacement of the bladder base than contraction of the PFM with AH (P = 0.005) or AB maneuver (P = 0.001) in both groups. However, no significant difference was found between contraction of the PFM with AH and AB maneuver in individuals with LBP (P = 0.31).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It seems that PFM contraction alone is more effective than PFM contraction with AH or AB maneuvers in lifting the pelvic floor in subjects with and without LBP.
authors.affiliation: Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ehsani
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir Massoud
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Arab
authors.affiliation: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Assadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Noureddin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.affiliation: University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sanaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shanbehzadeh
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Abdominal muscles contraction; low back pain; pelvic floor muscles; ultrasound