title: Transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural treatment and the impact of co-morbidity: An open trial in a cohort of primary care patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The development of initiatives to improve access to psychological therapies has been driven by the realization that untreated anxiety and depression are both very common and costly to individuals as well as society. Effective and efficient treatments, mostly in the form of cognitive behavioural therapies (CBT), can be used in ways which enhance their acceptability and accessibility. To date, numbers of group therapies have been developed to improve cost efficiency, but in spite of growing interest in transdiagnostic approaches, group therapies have so far mostly been diagnosis specific.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study is aimed at evaluating a brief transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural group therapy (TCBGT) designed to treat both anxiety and depression among patients in primary care.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants were 287 adult patients in primary care with diagnoses of depression and/or anxiety disorders. They underwent a 5-week TCBGT. A mixed design ANOVA was used to evaluate differential effects of treatment according to diagnostic groups (anxiety versus depression) and number of diagnoses (co-morbidity).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pre-post differences were significant and the treatment was equally effective for both anxiety disorders and depression. Number of diagnoses did not affect the outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study indicates feasibility of the brief transdiagnostic group therapy for a wide range of mood and anxiety disorders in primary care. The results indicate that low intensity, brief transdiagnostic group therapies may be a feasible way to improve access to psychological therapies for a large number of patients.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Medicine , School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland , Reykyavik , Iceland.|b Department of Sport Science , School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University , Reykyavik , Iceland.
authors.forename: Hafrún
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kristjánsdóttir
authors.affiliation: c Department of Psychology , University of Bath , Bath , UK.
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Salkovskis
authors.affiliation: d Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland , Reykyavik , Iceland.
authors.forename: Baldur Heidar
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Sigurdsson
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Medicine , School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland , Reykyavik , Iceland.|d Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland , Reykyavik , Iceland.
authors.forename: Engilbert
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sigurdsson
authors.affiliation: d Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland , Reykyavik , Iceland.
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agnarsdóttir
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Medicine , School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland , Reykyavik , Iceland.|d Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland , Reykyavik , Iceland.|e Department of Psychology , School Buisness, Reykjavik University , Reykjavik , Iceland.
authors.forename: Jón Fridrik
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Sigurdsson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anxiety; cognitive behavioural therapy; depression; transdiagnostic therapy