title: Adolescent Development of Cortical and White Matter Structure in the NCANDA Sample: Role of Sex, Ethnicity, Puberty, and Alcohol Drinking.
abstract: Brain structural development continues throughout adolescence, when experimentation with alcohol is often initiated. To parse contributions from biological and environmental factors on neurodevelopment, this study used baseline National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, acquired in 674 adolescents meeting no/low alcohol or drug use criteria and 134 adolescents exceeding criteria. Spatial integrity of images across the 5 recruitment sites was assured by morphological scaling using Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative phantom-derived volume scalar metrics. Clinical MRI readings identified structural anomalies in 11.4%. Cortical volume and thickness were smaller and white matter volumes were larger in older than in younger adolescents. Effects of sex (male > female) and ethnicity (majority > minority) were significant for volume and surface but minimal for cortical thickness. Adjusting volume and area for supratentorial volume attenuated or removed sex and ethnicity effects. That cortical thickness showed age-related decline and was unrelated to supratentorial volume is consistent with the radial unit hypothesis, suggesting a universal neural development characteristic robust to sex and ethnicity. Comparison of NCANDA with PING data revealed similar but flatter, age-related declines in cortical volumes and thickness. Smaller, thinner frontal, and temporal cortices in the exceeds-criteria than no/low-drinking group suggested untoward effects of excessive alcohol consumption on brain structural development.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.
authors.forename: Adolf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pfefferbaum
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA Current address: Google, Inc.
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rohlfing
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.
authors.forename: Kilian M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Pohl
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Barton
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Dongjin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nolan Nichols
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry.
authors.forename: Sandra A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Susan F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Tapert
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cummins
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry.
authors.forename: Wesley K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry.
authors.forename: Ty
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brumback
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Meloy
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Development.
authors.forename: Terry L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Jernigan
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Development Departments of Neurosciences and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dale
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Ian M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Colrain
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Fiona C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Devin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prouty
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: De Bellis
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Voyvodic
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Duncan B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Luna
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Tammy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Bonnie J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Nagel
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.
authors.forename: Edith V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D041923:Adolescent Development / Q000187:drug effects; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000473:pathology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D033162:Incidental Findings; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D011627:Puberty; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D066127:White Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: adolescence; cortex; development; ethnicity; sex