title: The potential of HIV-1 nanotherapeutics: from in vitro studies to clinical trials.
abstract: Since its discovery almost three decades ago, HIV-1 has grown into the most aggressive pandemic of modern time. Following the implementation of combination antiretroviral therapy, the pathological outcome of HIV infection has substantially improved. However, combination antiretroviral therapy is limited by several factors including, long-term toxicity, serious side effects and complex dosing regimens, and so on. In this regard, researchers have directed their attention toward enhancing current treatment strategies and/or developing alternative HIV-1 therapeutics. In recent years, this attention has fixated on nanomedicine-based anti-HIV therapeutics (HIV-1 nanotherapeutics). In the present study, we have reviewed several HIV-1 nanotherapeutics that have shown success at the preclinical level and/or Phase I/II clinical trials. We also discuss the possible benefits of these nanomedicine-based approaches and their future outlook.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Upal
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: 880 Main St, Williamstown, Williams College, MA 01267, USA.
authors.forename: Jesse
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.affiliation: i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde & INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.|CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde & Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra PRD, Portugal.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: das Neves
authors.affiliation: i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde & INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.|CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde & Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra PRD, Portugal.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sarmento
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.|Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Madhavan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nair
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D050091:Dendrimers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D050997:Nanomedicine; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011107:Polylysine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D050091:Dendrimers; D011107:Polylysine; C480351:astodrimer
keywords: AIDS; HIV; cART; nanomedicine; nanoparticles