title: Ultrasound-Guided Transgluteal Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for a Patient with Complex Urogenital Reconstruction and Ectopic Kidney.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pediatric patients with urolithiasis and complex reconstructed genitourinary anatomy pose a significant surgical challenge. We describe a technique utilized to treat an obstructing calculus in the ectopic kidney of a patient with a history of cloacal exstrophy, bladder augmentation, Monti catheterizable channel, and reconstructed abdominal wall. Case and Technique: A 5-year-old female with a history of cloacal exstrophy, pelvic kidney, and reconstructed urologic and abdominal wall anatomy presented after prior shockwave lithotripsy with an obstructing ureteropelvic junction calculus with signs of sepsis. Because of the patient's previous abdominal wall reconstruction with polytetrafluoroethylene mesh and the location of her pelvic kidney, traditional methods of percutaneous nephrostomy tube placement could not be performed. Transgluteal percutaneous nephrostomy tube was placed by interventional radiology. Subsequently, a percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) was performed through this tract.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transgluteal PCNL is a feasible option in children with complex congenital genitourinary anomalies with a history of reconstructed anatomy.
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Urology, Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Megan S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Schober
authors.affiliation: 2 Children's Radiological Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Nicholas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Zumberge
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Urology, Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Venkata R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Jayanthi
mesh_terms: D034861:Abdominal Wall / Q000601:surgery; D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006554:Hernia, Umbilical / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007081:Ileostomy; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D007682:Kidney Pelvis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008096:Lithotripsy; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures