title: Comparative genome analysis of IncHI2 VIM-1 carbapenemase-encoding plasmids of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica isolated from a livestock farm in Germany.
abstract: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae are not any more isolated only from human settings, but also from livestock. We reported for the first time the presence of VIM-1 carbapenemases in a livestock farm in Germany. The VIM-1 resistance gene found in these farms was located on IncHI2 plasmids. In order to be able to analyse these plasmids in more detail, two different plasmids from a single farm (pRH-R27 from Salmonella enterica and pRH-R178 from Escherichia coli) were completely sequenced and analysed for the presence of antibiotic and heavy metal resistances. The plasmids showed to harbour blaVIM-1, aacA4, aadA1, sul1, qacEΔ (encoded in an In110 class 1 integron), as well as blaACC-1, strA/strB, and catA1 genes together with resistance to heavy metals (ter-, mer-, sil-, ars-, rcn-, and pco). Comparison with other IncHI2 plasmid revealed that while pRH-R27 is a mosaic IncHI2 plasmid with both high homology to the plasmid pSTm-A54650 and R478, both isolated from humans, pRH-R178 is a deletion derivative of pRH-R27, presumably caused by several IS-mediated deletions indicating genetic evolution of plasmids in this environment.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Campus Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Falgenhauer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Campus Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Hiren
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Department Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Campus Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Yancheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Campus Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Moritz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fritzenwanker
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Department Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Jennie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Department Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Reiner
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Helmuth
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Campus Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Can
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Imirzalioglu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Campus Giessen, Giessen, Germany. Electronic address: Trinad.Chakraborty@mikrobio.med.uni-giessen.de.
authors.forename: Trinad
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D000072480:Farms; D016680:Genome, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D023281:Genomics; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D032023:Integrons / Q000235:genetics; D058751:Livestock / Q000382:microbiology; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000633:toxicity; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics*; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D019216:Metals, Heavy; C417264:VIM-1 metallo-beta-lactamase; D001618:beta-Lactamases; C063912:carbapenemase
keywords: Livestock farm; Plasmid sequencing; VIM-1