title: Automated 3D quantitative assessment  and measurement of alpha angles from  the femoral head-neck junction using MR  imaging.
abstract: To develop an automated approach for 3D quantitative assessment and measurement of alpha angles from the femoral head-neck (FHN) junction using bone models derived from magnetic resonance (MR) images of the hip joint.Bilateral MR images of the hip joints were acquired from 30 male volunteers (healthy active individuals and high-performance athletes, aged 18–49 years) using a water-excited 3D dual echo steady state (DESS) sequence. In a subset of these subjects (18 water-polo players), additional True Fast Imaging with Steady-state Precession (TrueFISP) images were acquired from the right hip joint. For both MR image sets, an active shape model based algorithm was used to generate automated 3D bone reconstructions of the proximal femur. Subsequently, a local coordinate system of the femur was constructed to compute a 2D shape map to project femoral head sphericity for calculation of alpha angles around the FHN junction. To evaluate automated alpha angle measures, manual analyses were performed on anterosuperior and anterior radial MR slices from the FHN junction that were automatically reformatted using the constructed coordinate system.High intra- and inter-rater reliability (intra-class correlation coefficients  >  0.95) was found for manual alpha angle measurements from the auto-extracted anterosuperior and anterior radial slices. Strong correlations were observed between manual and automatic measures of alpha angles for anterosuperior (r  =  0.84) and anterior (r  =  0.92) FHN positions. For matched DESS and TrueFISP images, there were no significant differences between automated alpha angle measures obtained from the upper anterior quadrant of the FHN junction (two-way repeated measures ANOVA, F  <  0.01, p  =  0.98).Our automatic 3D method analysed MR images of the hip joints to generate alpha angle measures around the FHN junction circumference with very good reliability and reproducibility. This work has the potential to improve analyses of cam-type lesions of the FHN junction for large-scale morphometric and clinical MR investigations of the human hip region.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Jurgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fripp
authors.forename: Shekhar S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.forename: Duncan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crozier
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Engstrom
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001331:Automation; D005270:Femur Head / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D011859:Radiography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055815:Young Adult