title: Mitochondrial alternative oxidase is involved in both compatible and incompatible host-virus combinations in Nicotiana benthamiana.
abstract: The alternative oxidase (AOX) functions in the resistance to biotic stress. However, the mechanisms of AOX in the systemic antiviral defense response and N (a typical resistance gene)-mediated resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) are elusive. A chemical approach was undertaken to investigate the role of NbAOX in the systemic resistance to RNA viruses. Furthermore, we used a virus-induced gene-silencing (VIGS)-based genetics approach to investigate the function of AOX in the N-mediated resistance to TMV. The inoculation of virus significantly increased the NbAOX transcript and protein levels and the cyanide-resistant respiration in the upper un-inoculated leaves. Pretreatment with potassium cyanide greatly increased the plant's systemic resistance, whereas the application of salicylhydroxamic acid significantly compromised the plant's systemic resistance. Additionally, in NbAOX1a-silenced N-transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants, the inoculated leaf collapsed and the movement of TMV into the systemic tissue eventually led to the spreading of HR-PCD and the death of the whole plant. The hypersensitive response marker gene HIN1 was significantly increased in the NbAOX1a-silenced plants. Significant amounts of TMV-CP mRNA and protein were detected in the NbAOX1a-silenced plants but not in the control plants. Overall, evidence is provided that AOX plays important roles in both compatible and incompatible plant-virus combinations.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
authors.forename: Xing-Guang
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Applied Biotechnology Center, Wuhan Bioengineering Insititute, 430415, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jian
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
authors.forename: Xing-Ji
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
authors.forename: De-Hui
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China. Electronic address: hhlin@scu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hong-Hui
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D060467:Disease Resistance; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D020868:Gene Silencing; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D057865:Plant Immunity; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014027:Tobacco Mosaic Virus / Q000502:physiology*; D000099188:Alternative Oxidase
chemical_list: D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D010940:Plant Proteins; D000099188:Alternative Oxidase
keywords: Alternative oxidase (AOX); Systemic resistance; Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV); Turnip crinkle virus (TCV); Virus-induced gene-silencing (VIGS)