title: Investigation of potential sea level rise impact on the Nile Delta, Egypt using digital elevation models.
abstract: In this study, the future impact of Sea Level Rise (SLR) on the Nile Delta region in Egypt is assessed by evaluating the elevations of two freely available Digital Elevation Models (DEMs): the SRTM and the ASTER-GDEM-V2. The SLR is a significant worldwide dilemma that has been triggered by recent climatic changes. In Egypt, the Nile Delta is projected to face SLR of 1 m by the end of the 21th century. In order to provide a more accurate assessment of the future SLR impact on Nile Delta's land and population, this study corrected the DEM's elevations by using linear regression model with ground elevations from GPS survey. The information for the land cover types and future population numbers were derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land cover and the Gridded Population of the Worlds (GPWv3) datasets respectively. The DEM's vertical accuracies were assessed using GPS measurements and the uncertainty analysis revealed that the SRTM-DEM has positive bias of 2.5 m, while the ASTER-GDEM-V2 showed a positive bias of 0.8 m. The future inundated land cover areas and the affected population were illustrated based on two SLR scenarios of 0.5 m and 1 m. The SRTM DEM data indicated that 1 m SLR will affect about 3900 km(2) of cropland, 1280 km(2) of vegetation, 205 km(2) of wetland, 146 km(2) of urban areas and cause more than 6 million people to lose their houses. The overall vulnerability assessment using ASTER-GDEM-V2 indicated that the influence of SLR will be intense and confined along the coastal areas. For instance, the data indicated that 1 m SLR will inundate about 580 Km(2) (6%) of the total land cover areas and approximately 887 thousand people will be relocated. Accordingly, the uncertainty analysis of the DEM's elevations revealed that the ASTER-GDEM-V2 dataset product was considered the best to determine the future impact of SLR on the Nile Delta region.
authors.affiliation: School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA. emad.hasan@ou.edu.|Advanced Radar Research Center, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA. emad.hasan@ou.edu.|Geology Department, Faculty of science, Damietta University, New Damietta, 34517, Egypt. emad.hasan@ou.edu.|Hydrometrology and Remote Sensing laboratory (HyDROS lab), Advanced Radar Research Center (ARRC), National Weather Center, 120 David L. Boren Blvd, suite 4803, Norman, OK, 73072, USA. emad.hasan@ou.edu.
authors.forename: Emad
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-0423
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.affiliation: School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.|Advanced Radar Research Center, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.|Hydrometrology and Remote Sensing laboratory (HyDROS lab), Advanced Radar Research Center (ARRC), National Weather Center, 120 David L. Boren Blvd, suite 4803, Norman, OK, 73072, USA.
authors.forename: Sadiq Ibrahim
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.|Advanced Radar Research Center, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.|Hydrometrology and Remote Sensing laboratory (HyDROS lab), Advanced Radar Research Center (ARRC), National Weather Center, 120 David L. Boren Blvd, suite 4803, Norman, OK, 73072, USA.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D004534:Egypt; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D062070:Hydrology; D008522:Mediterranean Sea; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D035501:Uncertainty; D014872:Water Movements; D053833:Wetlands
keywords: ASTER-GDEM; And Nile Delta Egypt; Climate changes; SRTM DEM; Sea level rise