title: In Vivo toxicological assessment of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles in adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio).
abstract: The present study examines the deleterious effect of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles in adult zebrafish. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) used in the study were synthesized by treating AgNO3 with aqueous leaves extract of Malva crispa Linn., a medicinal herb as source of reductants. LC50 concentration of AgNPs at 96 h was observed as 142.2 μg/l. In order to explore the underlying toxicity mechanisms of AgNPs, half of the LC50 concentration (71.1 μg/l) was exposed to adult zebrafish for 14 days. Cytological changes and intrahepatic localization of AgNPs were observed in gills and liver tissues respectively, and the results concluded a possible sign for oxidative stress. In addition to oxidative stress the genotoxic effect was observed in peripheral blood cells like presence of micronuclei, nuclear abnormalities and also loss in cell contact with irregular shape was observed in liver parenchyma cells. Hence to confirm the oxidative stress and genotoxic effects the mRNA expression of stress related (MTF-1, HSP70) and immune response related (TLR4, NFKB, IL1B, CEBP, TRF, TLR22) genes were analyzed in liver tissues and the results clearly concluded that the plant extract mediated synthesis of AgNPs leads to oxidative stress and immunotoxicity in adult zebrafish.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science & Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: krishnarajbio@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chandran
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Krishnaraj
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
authors.forename: Stacey L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science & Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: siyun@jbnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Soon-Il
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Yun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D028501:Malva; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D048629:Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective / Q000139:chemically induced; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D012835:Silver Nitrate / Q000737:chemistry*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D012834:Silver; D012835:Silver Nitrate
keywords: AgNPs; Gene expression; Intrahepatic localization; Plant extract; Zebrafish (Danio rerio)