title: Metabolic abnormalities in human immunodeficiency virus patients with protease inhibitor-based therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have reported metabolic abnormalities in patients taking protease inhibitor (PI) based therapy from several parts of the world. But there is no prospective study in India after switching from PI sparing regimen to PI based regimen.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether North-East Indian Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients also develop similar metabolic abnormalities to PI.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study was conducted in Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) Centre of Excellence, at a tertiary care Medical Institute.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five patients taking PI based ART were taken for the study. These patients were started on Ritonavir based therapy, after treatment with first line drugs had failed according to National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) guidelines 2008. Glucose and lipid profiles were evaluated. American Diabetes Association (ADA) and NCEP ATP III criteria were used to categorize glucose and lipid abnormalities. International Diabetes Federation (IDF) 2006 cut-off was used for waist circumference and blood pressure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paired t-test was done whenever applicable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant increase in waist circumference after 6 months of 2(nd) line ART from 78.0 cm to 80.2 cm (P value < 0.001). There was significant increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure after 6 months. In 29.8% of patients blood pressure rose to hypertensive level after 6 months. Total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol also rose significantly after 6 months but not high density lipoprotein cholesterol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed that North-Eastern Indian patients also develop metabolic abnormalities to protease inhibitors similar to people of other races.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India.
authors.forename: Tumnyak
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ete
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India.
authors.forename: Salam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ranabir
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India.
authors.forename: Narmada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thongam
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India.
authors.forename: Biplab
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ningthoujam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India.
authors.forename: Narendra
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rajkumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India.
authors.forename: Bhimo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thongam
keywords: Blood pressure; dyslipidemia; impaired glucose tolerance; waist circumference