title: Alkaline quinone flow battery.
abstract: Storage of photovoltaic and wind electricity in batteries could solve the mismatch problem between the intermittent supply of these renewable resources and variable demand. Flow batteries permit more economical long-duration discharge than solid-electrode batteries by using liquid electrolytes stored outside of the battery. We report an alkaline flow battery based on redox-active organic molecules that are composed entirely of Earth-abundant elements and are nontoxic, nonflammable, and safe for use in residential and commercial environments. The battery operates efficiently with high power density near room temperature. These results demonstrate the stability and performance of redox-active organic molecules in alkaline flow batteries, potentially enabling cost-effective stationary storage of renewable energy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Kaixiang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gerhardt
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Liuchuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Sang Bok
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Harvard College, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Eisenach
authors.affiliation: Harvard College, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Alvaro W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Valle
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hardee
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. aziz@seas.harvard.edu gordon@chemistry.harvard.edu michael.marshak@colorado.edu.
authors.forename: Roy G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.affiliation: Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. aziz@seas.harvard.edu gordon@chemistry.harvard.edu michael.marshak@colorado.edu.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. aziz@seas.harvard.edu gordon@chemistry.harvard.edu michael.marshak@colorado.edu.
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Marshak