title: Differences in healthy food supply and stocking practices between small grocery stores, gas-marts, pharmacies and dollar stores.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little is known about the practices for stocking and procuring healthy food in non-traditional food retailers (e.g., gas-marts, pharmacies). The present study aimed to: (i) compare availability of healthy food items across small food store types; and (ii) examine owner/manager perceptions and stocking practices for healthy food across store types.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive analyses were conducted among corner/small grocery stores, gas-marts, pharmacies and dollar stores. Data from store inventories were used to examine availability of twelve healthy food types and an overall healthy food supply score. Interviews with managers assessed stocking practices and profitability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Small stores in Minneapolis and St. Paul, MN, USA, not participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and nineteen small food retailers and seventy-one store managers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Availability of specific items varied across store type. Only corner/small grocery stores commonly sold fresh vegetables (63% v. 8% of gas-marts, 0% of dollar stores and 23% of pharmacies). More than half of managers stocking produce relied on cash-and-carry practices to stock fresh fruit (53%) and vegetables (55%), instead of direct store delivery. Most healthy foods were perceived by managers to have at least average profitability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interventions to improve healthy food offerings in small stores should consider the diverse environments, stocking practices and supply mechanisms of small stores, particularly non-traditional food retailers. Improvements may require technical support, customer engagement and innovative distribution practices.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Family Medicine and Community Health,Program in Health Disparities Research,University of Minnesota,717 Delaware St. SE,Minneapolis,MN 55414,USA.
authors.forename: Caitlin Eicher
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Caspi
authors.affiliation: 2Division of Epidemiology and Community Health,University of Minnesota,Minneapolis,MN,USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Pelletier
authors.affiliation: 2Division of Epidemiology and Community Health,University of Minnesota,Minneapolis,MN,USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Harnack
authors.affiliation: 2Division of Epidemiology and Community Health,University of Minnesota,Minneapolis,MN,USA.
authors.forename: Darin J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.affiliation: 2Division of Epidemiology and Community Health,University of Minnesota,Minneapolis,MN,USA.
authors.forename: Melissa N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Laska
mesh_terms: D003132:Commerce; D063105:Food Assistance / Q000191:economics; D005523:Food Supply / Q000191:economics*; D058870:Food, Organic / Q000191:economics*; D005638:Fruit / Q000191:economics; D008910:Minnesota; D014505:Urban Population; D014675:Vegetables / Q000191:economics
keywords: Corner stores; Food retail; Healthy food availability; Store managers