title: Recurrent neonatal herpes simplex virus infection with central nervous system disease after completion of a 6-month course of suppressive therapy: Case report.
abstract: A boy at 12 days of age developed neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 infection with central nervous system (CNS) disease. After a 21-day course of high-dose intravenous acyclovir, the patient recovered with negative results for HSV DNA in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Two weeks after a 6-month course of oral valacyclovir suppressive therapy with negative virological assessment, the disease recurred. Another 21-day course of intravenous acyclovir and subsequent 1-year course of oral suppressive therapy were completed. He showed mild developmental delay in language-social skills at 18 months of age. Although recurrences of neonatal HSV infection with CNS disease after suppressive therapy are uncommon, both clinical and virological assessments at the end of the suppressive therapy may be required. Administration of extended long-term suppressive ACV therapy should be considered to reduce the rate of recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Toyota Memorial Hospital, Toyota, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Toyota Memorial Hospital, Toyota, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun-Ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kawada
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan. Electronic address: yoshi-i@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000212:Acyclovir / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D000212:Acyclovir
keywords: CNS disease; Neonatal HSV infection; Recurrence; Suppressive therapy