title: Arabinoxylan activates Dectin-1 and modulates particulate β-glucan-induced Dectin-1 activation.
abstract: METHODS
  Arabinoxylan is one of the most commonly consumed dietary fiber. Immunomodulation by arabinoxylan is documented but the mechanisms by which these immune-effects are accomplished are unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By applying reporter cell lines for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and Dectin-1, we demonstrated that arabinoxylan interacts with Dectin-1 receptors and not with TLRs. Arabinoxylan activates Dectin-1 to a similar magnitude as soluble β-glucans. Soluble β-glucans are known to inhibit the particulate β-glucan-induced activation of Dectin-1. As arabinoxylan is also soluble, the inhibiting capacity of arabinoxylan on particulate β-glucan-activated Dectin-1 cell lines was studied. It was found that this inhibition was similar to that of soluble β-glucan and was caused predominantly by inhibition of the Dectin-1A transcript variant. The Dectin-1 inhibitory function of arabinoxylan was further confirmed in human dendritic cells that demonstrated reduced production of IL-10 and TNF-α. The production of the antifungal cytokines IL-4 and IL-23 were increased in dendritic cells stimulated with arabinoxylan and particulate β-glucan. In contrast to soluble β-glucan, arabinoxylan did not enhance production of IL-10, TNF-α, and IL-23.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arabinoxylan activates Dectin-1 and supports antifungal immune responses in human dendritic cells. The mode of action of arabinoxylan is similar but not identical to that of soluble β-glucans.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Neha M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Sahasrabudhe
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henk A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Schols
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marijke M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Faas
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Vos
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014990:Xylans / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000099181:Dectin-1
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014990:Xylans; D047071:beta-Glucans; C546929:CLEC7A protein, human; D000099181:Dectin-1; C085118:arabinoxylan
keywords: Arabinoxylan; Dectin-1; Dietary fiber and immunomodulation; β-Glucan