title: HIV-TB co-infection in children: associated factors and access to HIV services in Lagos, Nigeria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) are the leading causes of death from infectious disease worldwide. The World Health Organization estimates that the prevalence of HIV among children with TB in moderate to high prevalence countries ranges between 10% and 60%. This study aimed to determine the access to HIV services of HIV-TB co-infected children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of data of children diagnosed with TB in Lagos State, Nigeria from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2013.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1199 children aged between 0 and 14 years were diagnosed with TB. Of 1095 (91.3%) who underwent testing for HIV, 320 (29.2%) were HIV seropositive. The male-to-female ratio of HIV-TB positive outcomes was 1:0.9. Of the 320 HIV-TB co-infected children, 57 (17.8%) were aged <1 year, 86 (26.9%) 1-4 years and 186 (58.1%) 5-14 years; 186/320 (58.1%) began cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT), and 151 (47.2%) were put on antiretroviral treatment (ART). ART uptake was not significantly higher in facilities where HIV-TB services were co-located (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The uptake of CPT and ART was low. There is a need to intensify efforts to improve access to HIV services in Lagos State, Nigeria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: O J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health and Primary Health Care, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Adejumo
authors.affiliation: KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation/TB CARE I Project, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gidado
authors.affiliation: Lagos State TB and Leprosy Control Programme, Lagos State Ministry of Health, Alausa, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Abdur-Razzaq
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Reproductive Health, Sagamu, Nigeria.
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Jaiyesimi
keywords: HIV services; HIV-TB; Nigeria; access; childhood TB; tuberculosis