title: Role of microRNAs in the regulation of innate immune cells under neuroinflammatory conditions.
abstract: MiRNAs are short, evolutionary conserved noncoding RNA molecules with the ability to control the magnitude of inflammation. The immunosuppressive nature of the brain is sustained by miRNA-dependent regulation of microglial cells, which become activated under neuroinflammatory conditions, such as brain injury and neurodegeneration. The pro-inflammatory and suppressive role of the most studied neuroimmune miRNAs, miR-155 and miR-146a, has been recently challenged. Although the molecular targets of these miRNAs remain unchanged across brain diseases, different kinetics of miRNA expression and degradation can produce different immune outcomes and change microglia phenotypes. Here, we discuss current knowledge regarding the implications of disruption of miRNA networks in neuroinflammation and in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic CNS diseases.
authors.affiliation: CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Joana R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Guedes
authors.affiliation: CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. Electronic address: mdelima@ci.uc.pt.
authors.forename: Maria C Pedroso
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: de Lima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000276:immunology*; D020078:Neurogenic Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs