title: Dynein prevents erroneous kinetochore-microtubule attachments in mitosis.
abstract: Equal distribution of the genetic material during cell division relies on efficient congression of chromosomes to the metaphase plate. Prior to their alignment, the Dynein motor recruited to kinetochores transports a fraction of laterally-attached chromosomes along microtubules toward the spindle poles. By doing that, Dynein not only contributes to chromosome movements, but also prevents premature stabilization of end-on kinetochore-microtubule attachments. This is achieved by 2 parallel mechanisms: 1) Dynein-mediated poleward movement of chromosomes counteracts opposite polar-ejection forces (PEFs) on chromosome arms by the microtubule plus-end-directed motors chromokinesins. Otherwise, they could stabilize erroneous syntelic kinetochore-microtubule attachments and lead to the random ejection of chromosomes away from the spindle poles; and 2) By transporting chromosomes to the spindle poles, Dynein brings the former to the zone of highest Aurora A kinase activity, further destabilizing kinetochore-microtubule attachments. Thus, Dynein plays an important role in keeping chromosome segregation error-free by preventing premature stabilization of kinetochore-microtubule attachments near the spindle poles.
authors.affiliation: a Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Laboratory; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular; Universidade do Porto ; Porto , Portugal.|b Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S; Universidade do Porto ; Portugal.
authors.forename: Marin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barisic
authors.affiliation: a Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Laboratory; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular; Universidade do Porto ; Porto , Portugal.|b Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S; Universidade do Porto ; Portugal.|c Cell Division Unit ; Department of Experimental Biology; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade do Porto ; Porto , Portugal.
authors.forename: Helder
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maiato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064096:Aurora Kinase A / Q000378:metabolism; D016764:Cell Polarity; D020090:Chromosome Segregation; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004398:Dyneins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D016547:Kinesins / Q000378:metabolism; D018386:Kinetochores / Q000378:metabolism*; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism*; D008938:Mitosis; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C092349:chromokinesin; C576917:AURKA protein, human; D064096:Aurora Kinase A; D004398:Dyneins; D016547:Kinesins
keywords: Aurora A; Dynein; error correction; kinetochore; spindle pole