title: Association of Visceral Fat and Liver Fat With Hyperuricemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine cross-sectionally whether intraabdominal fat area (IAFA), i.e., visceral fat, and liver fat assessed by computed tomography (CT) are independently associated with hyperuricemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 801 Japanese men not taking antidiabetic, antihypertensive, or urate-lowering medications, without any history of renal disease, cardiovascular disease, or cancer, and with serum creatinine <1.5 mg/dl. Abdominal, thoracic, and thigh fat areas were measured by CT. Total fat area (TFA) was the sum of these fat areas. Total subcutaneous fat area (TSFA) was TFA minus IAFA. Liver fat was assessed by liver-to-spleen (L/S) ratio measured by CT. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid level >7.0 mg/dl. Its association with adiposity was tested using logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 19.6% (157 men). Both greater IAFA and lower L/S ratio were independently associated with hyperuricemia in models that simultaneously included IAFA and L/S ratio: multiple-adjusted odds ratios of hyperuricemia for quintiles 3, 4, and 5 of IAFA were 2.16 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.02-4.59), 2.41 (95% CI 1.13-5.16), and 4.00 (95% CI 1.81-8.85), respectively, compared to quintile 1, and the L/S ratios for quintiles 3, 2, and 1 were 2.34 (95% CI 1.16-4.75), 2.15 (95% CI 1.06-4.34), and 2.79 (95% CI 1.35-5.76), respectively, compared to quintile 5. Both IAFA and L/S ratio remained significant even after adjusting for abdominal subcutaneous fat area, TFA, TSFA, body mass index, or waist circumference. Of all fat measurements, IAFA had the strongest association with hyperuricemia by Akaike's information criteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Greater amounts of both visceral fat and liver fat were independently associated with hyperuricemia.
authors.affiliation: Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyoko K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kinuhata
authors.affiliation: Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uehara
authors.affiliation: Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Ginji
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.affiliation: Ohtori Health Promotion Center, Sakai, Japan.
authors.forename: Yonezo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hikita
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, Seattle.
authors.forename: Wilfred Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.affiliation: Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and University of Washington, Seattle.
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Boyko
authors.affiliation: Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan, and University of Washington, Seattle.
authors.forename: Tomoshige
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014527:Uric Acid