title: Soil DNA pyrosequencing and fruitbody surveys reveal contrasting diversity for various fungal ecological guilds in chestnut orchards.
abstract: Fungal diversity in Mediterranean forest soils is poorly documented, particularly when considering saprobic and pathogenic organisms. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods applied to soil fungi provide the opportunity to unveil the most inconspicuous functional guilds (e.g. saprobes) and life forms (e.g. Corticiaceae) of this tremendous diversity. We used fruitbody surveys over 2 years and soil 454 metabarcoding in Castanea sativa orchards to evaluate respectively the reproductive (fruitbodies) and vegetative (mycelia) parts of fungal communities in three 100-year-old stands. Analysis of 839 fruitbodies and 210 291 ITS1 reads revealed high fungal diversity, mainly shown by belowground analysis, with high (dominant) abundance of mycorrhizal fruitbodies and reads. Both methods displayed contrasted composition and structure of fungal communities, with Basidio- and Ascomycetes dominating above- and belowground, respectively. For the two dominant fungal guilds (i.e. ectomycorrhizal and saprobic), diversity above- and belowground overlapped weakly. This study is the first assessment of the complementarity of fruitbody surveys and NGS for analysing fungal diversity in Mediterranean ecosystems and shows that belowground methods still need to be completed by fruiting diversity to provide a comprehensive overview of the different fungal guilds. The results shed light on chestnut soil biodiversity and question the spatial distribution and synergies among fungal guilds.
authors.affiliation: CIMO / School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-854, Bragança, Portugal.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baptista
authors.affiliation: BioSystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Francisca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: CIMO / School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-854, Bragança, Portugal.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: BioSystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Rui M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.affiliation: CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Pedro M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: UMR 5175 CEFE, Université Montpellier - Campus CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34 293, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.affiliation: Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB - UMR 7205 - CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP50, 75005, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marc-André
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Selosse
authors.affiliation: BioSystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lino-Neto
mesh_terms: D044822:Biodiversity; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D048690:Fruiting Bodies, Fungal; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000235:genetics*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D062206:Spatial Analysis; D064028:Tracheophyta
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D012987:Soil