title: Gene expression profiling and inhibition of adipose tissue accumulation of G. bimaculatus extract in rats on high fat diet.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Molecular genetic mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract (GB) from G. bimaculatus, a type of cricket, are not fully elucidated. G. bimaculatus was reported to be rich in unsaturated fatty acid and to decrease the omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio when fed to chickens. GB may reduce the amount of fat or increase the unsaturated fatty acid ratio.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were orally administered with 5 groups: phosphate buffered saline (PBS, control), GB (100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg), Pravastatin or Isaria sinclairii (IS) extract, which is reported to have fat-reducing effects, for either 1 or 2 months. GB's sero-biochemial, hematological and anti-oxidizing hepato-cellular biomarker levels were evaluated to dertermine their antilipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-coagulant effect in rats after 1 or 2 month GB treatments on HFD (fat 60 %) Wistar rat. The abdominal and epididymidal fat weight were measured and the composition of fatty acid was analyzed by GC/MS. Microarray analyses were performed with a rat 28 K cDNA clone set array to identify the gene-expression profiles for the GB exposed high fat dieted Wistar rat.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The weight and fatty acid composition of abdominal fat and epididymidal fat, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride in GB treated rats were at lower levels than those of the control group. The anti-oxidant hepato-cellular biomarker levels, protein carbonyl content and malondialdehyde concentration in GB treated rats were significantly decreased. Compared to the control, the GB treated rat group (treated at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg), had 190 up-regulated genes including Gpm6a (glycoprotein m6a), Tmem14a (transmembrane protein 14A) and Fasin (fatty acid synthase), with down-regulated 235 genes including Cc121b (chemokine ligand 21b), Glycan1 (glycosylation dependent cell adhesion moleule, Serpinb1a (serine proteinase inhibitor) and Tcrb (T-cell receptor beta chain).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest Fasin-related fatty acid synthesis and adipose differentiation related protein (Adfp), which is related to obesity, were upregulated by GB treatment, indicating their potential therapeutic markers for anti-atheriosclerosis or inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju-Gun, 565-851, South Korea. amy@korea.kr.
authors.forename: Mi Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju-Gun, 565-851, South Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Ji
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju-Gun, 565-851, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ryun Hee
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju-Gun, 565-851, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Sam
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Pharmacogenechips Inc., Chuncheon, 200-160, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kun-Koo
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001835:Body Weight; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D006135:Gryllidae / Q000737:chemistry; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005227:Fatty Acids; D014020:Tissue Extracts; D016753:Interleukin-10; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase