title: Assessment of C-phycocyanin effect on astrocytes-mediated neuroprotection against oxidative brain injury using 2D and 3D astrocyte tissue model.
abstract: Drugs are currently being developed to attenuate oxidative stress as a treatment for brain injuries. C-phycocyanin (C-Pc) is an antioxidant protein of green microalgae known to exert neuroprotective effects against oxidative brain injury. Astrocytes, which compose many portions of the brain, exert various functions to overcome oxidative stress; however, little is known about how C-Pc mediates the antioxidative effects of astrocytes. In this study, we revealed that C-Pc intranasal administration to the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats ensures neuroprotection of ischemic brain by reducing infarct size and improving behavioral deficits. C-Pc also enhanced viability and proliferation but attenuated apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of oxidized astrocytes, without cytotoxicity to normal astrocytes and neurons. To elucidate how C-Pc leads astrocytes to enhance neuroprotection and repair of ischemia brain, we firstly developed 3D oxidized astrocyte model. C-Pc had astrocytes upregulate antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and catalase and neurotrophic factors BDNF and NGF, while alleviating inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-1β and glial scar. Additionally, C-Pc improved viability of 3D oxidized neurons. In summary, C-Pc was concluded to activate oxidized astrocytes to protect and repair the ischemic brain with the combinatorial effects of improved antioxidative, neurotrophic, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea.
authors.forename: Seul Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Sang
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, 400-712, Korea.
authors.forename: Lidan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeo Seon
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea.
authors.forename: Hoo Cheol
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, 400-712, Korea.
authors.forename: Il-Doo
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, 400-712, Korea.
authors.forename: Ja-Kyeong
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea.
authors.forename: Hwa Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002450:Cell Communication; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010798:Phycocyanin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010798:Phycocyanin