title: Relating Factors for Depression in Korean Working Women: Secondary Analysis of the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the health behaviors and risk factors for self-reported depression in Korean working women.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study adopted a secondary analysis from the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES-V) for the Health Examination Survey and Health Behavior Survey, using stratified, multi-stage, cluster-sampling design to obtain a nationally representative sample. Data were gathered on extensive information including sociodemographic, occupational characteristics, health behaviors and depression. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to compute the odds ratio (OR) between health behaviors and depression to identify the health behaviors and the risk factors for depression with adjustment for the complex sample design of the survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence rate of depression was 15.5% among working women. Depression was more common in older female workers and in those with part-time job. Current smokers were significantly more likely to be depression-positive. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, significant variables of depression were marital status (OR = 2.02; 95% CI [1.05, 3.89]), smoking status (OR = 1.55; 95% CI [1.01, 2.38]), stress (OR = 0.20; 95% CI [0.15, 0.26]), employment condition (OR = 1.77; 95% CI [1.34, 2.33]) and health status (OR = 2.10; 95% CI [1.53, 2.87]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the study, factors leading to depression were marital status, current smoking, stress, employment condition and self-reported health status. Further studies are expected to unravel the characteristics of stress. Health care providers for women need to evaluate underreported depression and change their associated health behaviors. Also it is necessary to establish preventive strategies for female workers to control the negative effect of depression in the workplace.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Jae
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Chonan, South Korea. Electronic address: jeungim@sch.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jeung-Im
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D017533:Marital Status; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D015995:Prevalence; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D014931:Women, Working / Q000523:psychology*; D017132:Workplace; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: depression; risk factors; working women