title: Assessment of thirteen-week subchronic oral toxicity of cyadox in Beagle dogs.
abstract: Cyadox (2-formylquinoxaline-N(1),N(4)-dioxide cyanocetylhydrazone) is a new antimicrobial agent and growth-promoter to be used in food-producing animals. Although its toxicity has been clearly documented in rodents, no study is available in non-rodent animals. Therefore, we studied the subchronic effects of cyadox in Beagle dogs to provide additional information with which to establish safety criteria for human exposure. For this purpose, 36 Beagle dogs, 18 males and 18 females, were divided into four groups and fed diets containing 0, 100, 450 and 2500 mg/kg of cyadox, respectively, for 13 weeks. It was found that there were no significant changes among the examined parameters, except for an increase in the level of serum potassium (K(+)) in 2500 mg/kg cyadox group in males at week 13 of the study. However, the K(+) level returned to normal during the recovery period. In conclusion, cyadox showed slight effects in Beagle dogs in the subchronic oral toxicity study. The no-observed-adverse-effect level of cyadox was considered to be 450 mg/kg diet, which equates to approximately 15.3-15.4 mg/kg b.w./day. The study provided subchronic effects of cyadox in Beagle dogs, suggesting that cyadox might present mild toxicity in non-rodents.
authors.affiliation: National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Awais
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ihsan
authors.affiliation: MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Guyue
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Haihong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Zhenli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, Hubei, China. Electronic address: wangyulian@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yulian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, Hubei, China. Electronic address: yuan5802@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zonghui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004285:Dogs; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D013997:Time Factors; D059550:Toxicity Tests, Subchronic / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D011810:Quinoxalines; C020728:cyadox
keywords: Beagle dogs; Cyadox; Quinoxaline; Subchronic toxicity; Toxicity