title: Effects of Foot Muscles Training on Plantar Pressure Distribution during Gait, Foot Muscle Strength, and Foot Function in Persons with Flexible Flatfoot.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of a foot-muscle trainingprogram on plantarpressure distribution, foot muscle strength, and foot function in persons with flexible flatfoot.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants received foot-muscle training 3 times weekly, over 8 weeks. Training consisted of gastrosolues muscle stretching and strengthening the muscles around the ankle and the intrinsic muscles. The contact area andpeak pressure under the hallux, first metatarsal, and medial midfoot were assessed by the Force Distribution Measurement Plaform while walking. Strength ofthe tibialis posterior and peroneus longus muscles were assessed by handheld dynamometer. Foot function regarding difficulty in activities of daily living was assessed. All measures were assessed at pre-training, intermediate-training, and post-training. Friedman ANOVA was used for testing mean differences among the variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five participants with flexible flatfoot were recruited in the study. Results demonstrated significant increases in tibialis posterior (p = 0.018) and peroneus longus muscles strength (p = 0.007), and significant decrease infootfunction score (p = 0.021). In addition, no significant difference in contact area and peak pressure was observed among testing periods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Foot-muscle strength and foot function in persons with flexible flatfoot can be improved significantly after receiving foot-muscle training.
authors.forename: Chutimon
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Panichawit
authors.forename: Sunee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bovonsunthonchai
authors.forename: Roongtiwa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vachalathiti
authors.forename: Khompakorn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Limpasutirachata
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000842:Ankle / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005413:Flatfoot / Q000473:pathology*; D005528:Foot / Q000503:physiopathology; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D011312:Pressure; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult