title: Rapid Tests and the Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Coinfection.
abstract: After the emergence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the number of visceral leishmaniasis (VL)-HIV/AIDS coinfections has increased worldwide. Herein, we assessed the usefulness of an rK39-based immunochromatographic test (rK39 ICT) (DiaMed-IT LEISH(®); DiaMed AG, Cressier-sur-Morat, Switzerland) and a latex agglutination test (KAtex; Kalon Biological, Guildford, United Kingdom) for urinary antigen detection to diagnose VL in 15 HIV/AIDS patients from northeastern Brazil. VL diagnosis was based on clinical findings, cytology, serology, parasite DNA, and/or urinary antigen detection. VL was confirmed in seven out of 15 HIV/AIDS patients. Only three patients were positive in bone marrow cytology, three patients were conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive, while six were real-time PCR positive. All patients were direct agglutination test (DAT) (Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) positive; of these, four were positive by rK39 ICT and five by KAtex. Large-scale studies are needed to validate the use of the KAtex in the national public health laboratory network in Brazil, aiming at improving the diagnosis of VL in HIV/AIDS patients in this country.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Pernambuco, Brazil; Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Immunology, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universitá degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy walterb716@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Walter Lins
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Barbosa Júnior
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Pernambuco, Brazil; Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Immunology, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universitá degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Paulo Sérgio
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Ramos de Araújo
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Pernambuco, Brazil; Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Immunology, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universitá degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Luiz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dias de Andrade
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Pernambuco, Brazil; Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Immunology, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universitá degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Ana Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Aguiar Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Pernambuco, Brazil; Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Immunology, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universitá degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Almerice
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lopes da Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Pernambuco, Brazil; Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Immunology, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universitá degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Filipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dantas-Torres
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Pernambuco, Brazil; Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Immunology, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universitá degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Zulma
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Medeiros
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000372:Agglutination Tests / Q000379:methods; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D060085:Coinfection; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007841:Latex Fixation Tests / Q000379:methods; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D015415:Biomarkers; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; C079253:K39 antigen, Leishmania