title: Time Effects, Displacement, and Leadership Roles on a Lunar Space Station Analogue.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A space mission's crewmembers are the most important group of people involved and, thus, their emotions and interpersonal interactions have gained significant attention. Because crewmembers are confined in an isolated environment, the aim of this study was to identify possible changes in the emotional states, group dynamics, displacement, and leadership of crewmembers during an 80-d isolation period.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experiment was conducted in an analogue space station referred to as Lunar Palace 1 at Beihang University. In our experiment, all of the crewmembers completed a Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire every week and two group climate scales questionnaires every 2 wk; specifically, a group environment scale and a work environment scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no third-quarter phenomenon observed in Lunar Palace 1. However, fluctuations in the fatigue and autonomy subscales were observed. Significant displacement effects were observed when Group 3 was in the analogue. Leader support was positively correlated with the cohesion, expressiveness, and involvement of Group 3. However, leader control was not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that time effects, displacement, and leadership roles can influence mood states and cohesion in isolated crew. These findings from Lunar Palace 1 are in agreement with those obtained from Mir and the International Space Station (ISS).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology and Behaviour, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ruilin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D018480:Astronauts / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007857:Leadership; D008297:Male; D013026:Space Flight; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014893:Weightlessness