title: The influence of breaststroke swimming on the muscle activity of young men in thermographic imaging.
abstract: The aim of this work is to describe and assess energetic-metabolic activity of selected muscles of upper extremities and body during breaststroke swimming through infrared thermography as electromyography cannot display such muscle activity. Thermograms were taken of 25 students from the University of Defence immediately and 15 minutes after swimming 1,000 m focused on 20 regions of interest, i.e., corresponding to selected agonists and synergists in upper extremities and body. We used FLUKE TiR infrared hand camera. It was found that there is a significant increase (normalized units) 15 minutes after swimming in triceps brachii (on the right prior to swimming 0.950 and after swimming 0.994; on the left prior to swimming 0.947 and after 0.990), and in side, rear and front parts of the deltoid muscles. On the contrary, there was a significant relative decrease in temperature in pectoralis, rhombic and lower trapezius, erector spinae lumbalis and latissimus dorsi. It can be concluded that swimming 1,000 m breaststroke affected significant increase in the temperature of regions of interest, i.e., corresponding to agonists and synergists of upper extremities for the swimmer's forward motion. A relative decrease in temperature occurred rather in body muscles. The problem of biased results due to water cooling was solved by using thermograms taken only in the 15th minute after getting out of water and calculating relative temperatures with normalized units.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sports Studies of Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Novotny
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sports Studies of Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Silvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rybarova
authors.affiliation: Centre of Physical Education and Sports of University of Defence, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zacha
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sports Studies of Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernacikova
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physical Education of Mansura University Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Wael Awad
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Ramadan
mesh_terms: D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D013817:Thermography / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult