title: A High Linoleic Acid Diet does not Induce Inflammation in Mouse Liver or Adipose Tissue.
abstract: Recently, the pro-inflammatory effects of linoleic acid (LNA) have been re-examined. It is now becoming clear that relatively few studies have adequately assessed the effects of LNA, independent of obesity. The purpose of this work was to compare the effects of several fat-enriched but non-obesigenic diets on inflammation to provide a more accurate assessment of LNA's ability to induce inflammation. Specifically, 8-week-old male C57Bl/6 mice were fed either saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), LNA, or alpha-linolenic acid enriched diets (50 % Kcal from fat, 22 % wt/wt) for 4 weeks. Chow and high-fat, hyper-caloric diets were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant markers from epididymal fat, liver, and plasma were measured along with food intake and body weights. Mice fed the high SFA, MUFA, and high-fat diets exhibited increased pro-inflammatory markers in liver and adipose tissue; however, mice fed LNA for four weeks did not display significant changes in pro-inflammatory or pro-coagulant markers in epididymal fat, liver, or plasma. The present study demonstrates that LNA alone is insufficient to induce inflammation. Instead, it is more likely that hyper-caloric diets are responsible for diet-induced inflammation possibly due to adipose tissue remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, PO Box 41270, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.|Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, 833 Montlieu Ave, High Point, NC, 27262, USA.
authors.forename: Roger A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Vaughan
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, PO Box 41270, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Garrison
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, PO Box 41270, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
authors.forename: Alexis D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Stamatikos
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, PO Box 41270, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
authors.forename: Minsung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Jamie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA. cpaton@uga.edu.|Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 100 Cedar St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA. cpaton@uga.edu.
authors.forename: Chad M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Paton
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014280:Triglycerides; D019787:Linoleic Acid
keywords: Cytokines; Fatty acid composition; Inflammation; Linoleic acid; Obesity