title: Regulators of gut motility revealed by a gnotobiotic model of diet-microbiome interactions related to travel.
abstract: To understand how different diets, the consumers' gut microbiota, and the enteric nervous system (ENS) interact to regulate gut motility, we developed a gnotobiotic mouse model that mimics short-term dietary changes that happen when humans are traveling to places with different culinary traditions. Studying animals transplanted with the microbiota from humans representing diverse culinary traditions and fed a sequence of diets representing those of all donors, we found that correlations between bacterial species abundances and transit times are diet dependent. However, the levels of unconjugated bile acids-generated by bacterial bile salt hydrolases (BSH)-correlated with faster transit, including during consumption of a Bangladeshi diet. Mice harboring a consortium of sequenced cultured bacterial strains from the Bangladeshi donor's microbiota and fed a Bangladeshi diet revealed that the commonly used cholekinetic spice, turmeric, affects gut motility through a mechanism that reflects bacterial BSH activity and Ret signaling in the ENS. These results demonstrate how a single food ingredient interacts with a functional microbiota trait to regulate host physiology.
authors.affiliation: Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.
authors.forename: Neelendu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dey
authors.affiliation: Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.
authors.forename: Vitas E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.
authors.forename: Laura V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Blanton
authors.affiliation: Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.
authors.forename: Jiye
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutrition and Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Rashidul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haque
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutrition and Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Tahmeed
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA. Electronic address: jgordon@wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Jeffrey I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Gordon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001459:Bangladesh; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism; D030024:Curcuma / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D064307:Microbiota; D023421:Models, Animal; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D014195:Travel
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts