title: VITRECTOMY FOR REFRACTORY MACULAR HOLE.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report two cases of the treatment of refractory macular hole.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case report of two patients who underwent vitrectomy for refractory macular hole.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy for refractory macular holes. However, the surgical methods differed in the two patients depending on whether the internal limiting membrane (ILM) remained or not. In the patient with the remnant ILM, pars plana vitrectomy, inversion of the remaining ILM flap, air-fluid exchange, and 5% C3F8 gas tamponade were performed. In the other case with no remaining ILM, pars plana vitrectomy, inversion and release of the margin of the macula hole, combined with autologous platelet concentrate, air-fluid exchange, and 5% C3F8 gas tamponade were performed. In both cases, good anatomical outcomes were achieved postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depending on whether the ILM remains or not, one of these two new surgical procedures can be selected. This protocol can yield positive surgical results.
authors.affiliation: Retina Center, Nune Eye Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ju Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Oh Woong
authors.initials: OW
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014821:Vitrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult