title: Advax™, a novel microcrystalline polysaccharide particle engineered from delta inulin, provides robust adjuvant potency together with tolerability and safety.
abstract: There is an ongoing need for new adjuvants to facilitate development of vaccines against HIV, tuberculosis, malaria and cancer, amongst many others. Unfortunately, the most potent adjuvants are often associated with toxicity and safety issues. Inulin, a plant-derived polysaccharide, has no immunological activity in its native soluble form but when crystallized into a stable microcrystalline particulate from (delta inulin) acquires potent adjuvant activity. Delta inulin has been shown to enhance humoral and cellular immune responses against a broad range of co-administered viral, bacterial, parasitic and toxin antigens. Inulin normally crystallizes as large heterogeneous particles with a broad size distribution and variable solubility temperatures. To ensure reproducible delta inulin particles with a consistent size distribution and temperature of solubility, a current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) process was designed to produce Advax™ adjuvant. In its cCMP form, Advax™ adjuvant has proved successful in human trials of vaccines against seasonal and pandemic influenza, hepatitis B and insect sting anaphylaxis, enhancing antibody and T-cell responses while being safe and well tolerated. Advax™ adjuvant represents a novel human adjuvant that enhances both humoral and cellular immunity. This review describes the discovery and development of Advax™ adjuvant and research into its unique mechanism of action.
authors.affiliation: Vaxine Pty Ltd, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia. Electronic address: nikolai.petrovsky@flinders.edu.au.
authors.forename: Nikolai
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Petrovsky
authors.affiliation: Vaxine Pty Ltd, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra 2061, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007444:Inulin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D052638:Particulate Matter; C576871:delta inulin; D007444:Inulin
keywords: Adjuvant; Advax™; Delta inulin; Immunity; Vaccine