title: Sleep-disordered breathing in patients with cystic fibrosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that disease severity in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is correlated with an increased risk of sleep apnea.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 34 CF patients underwent clinical and functional evaluation, as well as portable polysomnography, spirometry, and determination of IL-1β levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), SpO2 on room air, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale score were 4.8 ± 2.6, 95.9 ± 1.9%, and 7.6 ± 3.8 points, respectively. Of the 34 patients, 19 were well-nourished, 6 were at nutritional risk, and 9 were malnourished. In the multivariate model to predict the AHI, the following variables remained significant: nutritional status (β = -0.386; p = 0.014); SpO2 (β = -0.453; p = 0.005), and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale score (β = 0.429; p = 0.006). The model explained 51% of the variation in the AHI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The major determinants of sleep apnea were nutritional status, SpO2, and daytime sleepiness. This knowledge not only provides an opportunity to define the clinical risk of having sleep apnea but also creates an avenue for the treatment and prevention of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BR.
authors.forename: Jefferson
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Veronezi
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BR.
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BR.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ricachinewsky
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BR.
authors.forename: Anneliese
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.affiliation: Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Danielle Yuka
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Oftalmologia e Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BR.
authors.forename: Otavio Bejzman
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Piltcher
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BR.
authors.forename: Fernando Antonio
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Abreu e Silva
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BR.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martinez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000150:complications; D009752:Nutritional Status; D017286:Polysomnography; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000209:etiology*; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000209:etiology; D013147:Spirometry; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta