title: Current surgical strategies to treat fecal incontinence.
abstract: Fecal incontinence is a devastating condition, vastly under-reported, and may affect up to 18% of the population. While conservative management may be efficacious in a large portion of patients, those who are refractory will likely benefit from appropriate surgical intervention. There are a wide variety of surgical approaches to fecal incontinence management, and knowledge and experience are crucial to choosing the appropriate procedure and maximizing functional outcome while minimizing risk. In this article, we provide a comprehensive description of surgical options for fecal incontinence to help the clinician identify an appropriate intervention.
authors.affiliation: a 1 Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Blvd, Weston, FL 33331, USA.
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Wexner
authors.affiliation: b 2 University of Pennsylvania Health System, Department of Surgery, 800 Walnut St. 20th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bleier
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal / Q000601:surgery*; D003125:Colostomy; D003911:Dextrans / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007081:Ileostomy; D008160:Lumbosacral Plexus; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000637:transplantation; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D000078702:Radiofrequency Therapy; D013979:Tibial Nerve
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; C487487:dextranomer-hyaluronic acid copolymer; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid
keywords: Fecal incontinence; accidental bowel leakage; artificial bowel sphincter; graciloplasty; sacral nerve stimulation; sacral neuromodulation; sphincteroplasty