title: Environmental evaluation of coexistence of denitrifying anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea and bacteria in a paddy field.
abstract: The nitrate-dependent denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation (DAMO) process, which is metabolized together by anaerobic methanotrophic archaea and NC10 phylum bacteria, is expected to be important for the global carbon and nitrogen cycles. However, there are little studies about the existence of this process and the functional microbes in environments. Therefore, the coexistence of DAMO archaea and bacteria in a paddy field was evaluated in this study. Next-generation sequencing showed that the two orders, Methanosarcinales and Nitrospirales, to which DAMO archaea and DAMO bacteria belong, were detected in the four soil samples. Then the in vitro experiments demonstrated both of nitrite- and nitrate-dependent DAMO activities, which confirmed the coexistence of DAMO archaea and DAMO bacteria. It was the first report about the coexistence of DAMO archaea and bacteria in a paddy field. Furthermore, anammox bacteria were detected in two of the four samples. The in vitro experiments did not show anammox activity in the initial period but showed low anammox activity after 20 days' enrichment. These results implicated that anammox bacteria may coexist with DAMO microorganisms in this field, but at a very low percentage.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Laboratory for Environmental Research and Technology, USTC-CityU, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory for Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory for Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhao-Wei
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory for Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yong-Ze
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Advanced Laboratory for Environmental Research and Technology, USTC-CityU, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.|State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Shuk H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Advanced Laboratory for Environmental Research and Technology, USTC-CityU, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China. rzeng@ustc.edu.cn.|CAS Key Laboratory for Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China. rzeng@ustc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Raymond J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001105:Archaea / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D058448:Biota; D058440:Denitrification; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D008697:Methane / Q000378:metabolism*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D008697:Methane
keywords: Anammox; Coexistence; DAMO activity; DAMO archaea; DAMO bacteria; Paddy field