title: Clinical application of pharmacogenetics: focusing on practical issues.
abstract: Recent large-scale genetic-based studies have transformed the field of pharmacogenetics to identify, characterize and leverage genetic information to inform patient care. Genetic testing can be used to alter drug selection, optimize drug dosing and prevent unnecessary adverse events. As precision medicine becomes the mainstay in the clinic, it becomes critical for clinicians to utilize pharmacogenetics to guide patient care. One primary challenge is identifying patients where genetic tests that can potentially impact patient care. To address this challenge, our review highlights many practical issues clinicians may encounter: identifying candidate patients and clinical laboratories for pharmacogenetic testing, selecting highly curated resources to help asses test validity, reimbursing costs of pharmacogenetic tests, and interpreting of pharmacogenetic test results.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.|Department of Community & Family Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Jeanette J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jaekyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 / Q000235:genetics; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D057285:Precision Medicine
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; C045793:CYP2C19 protein, human; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19
keywords: PharmGKB; clinical applications; pharmacogenetics