title: Transpalatal distraction for the management of maxillary constriction in pediatric patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The management of severe maxillary constriction can be challenging. For that purpose surgically assisted maxillary expansion by transpalatal distraction (TPD) can typically be recommended after skeletal maturity. However in selected cases bone borne transpalatal distraction devices can contribute to improve maxillary constriction considerably earlier already during mixed dentition.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the possibility of bone borne transpalatal distraction in pediatric patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical paper.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since 2010 TPD has been applied to six pediatric patients during mixed dentition when severe maxillary constriction was present and conventional orthodontic widening has already failed. Individually selected devices (Surgitec, Belgium) were inserted in general anaesthesia and distraction was performed according to well known parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maxillary constriction could be improved in all six patients without any drawbacks by bone borne devices during mixed dentition. Skeletal conditions were obviously improved for subsequent orthodontic or orthognathic therapy without functional impairment. Follow-up is up to 36 months after device removal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transpalatal Distraction is recommendable in selected pediatric patients if massive growth disturbance is present or has to be expected. TPD allows for individually adapted maxillary expansion by selection and positioning of appropriate devices in combination with intraoperative testing of maxillary movements and controlled bone removal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Nicolai
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Adolphs
authors.affiliation: Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.affiliation: Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Bodo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hoffmeister
authors.affiliation: Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan-Dirk
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Raguse
keywords: Bone borne maxillary expansion; maxillary constriction; transpalatal distraction