title: Biomarkers in Acute Kidney Injury.
abstract: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and often lethal complication that is also associated with severe morbidity in hospitalized patients. During the last decade, the standardization of AKI diagnostic criteria has helped to facilitate several large-scale investigations of biomarkers of AKI. These studies have led to the international clinical implementation of several biomarkers of renal injury. This review summarizes the results of many of these multicenter investigations and discusses the clinical utility and interpretation of several of these new clinical tests. The merits of combining biomarkers of kidney function is also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Suite S-504, MC 5100, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Ling-Xin
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Suite S-504, MC 5100, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Electronic address: jkoyner@uchicago.edu.
authors.forename: Jay L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Koyner
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000652:urine*; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000652:urine; D053099:Azotemia / Q000175:diagnosis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D013504:Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D006801:Humans; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins / Q000652:urine*; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000652:urine*; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D055316:Cystatin C; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; D020382:Interleukin-18; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C560823:TIMP2 protein, human; C102529:insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein 1; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: Acute kidney injury; Biomarkers; Mortality; Renal replacement therapy