title: Kinematic, Dynamic, and Energy Characteristics of Diastolic Flow in the Left Ventricle.
abstract: Blood flow characteristics in the normal left ventricle are studied by using the magnetic resonance imaging, the Navier-Stokes equations, and the work-energy equation. Vortices produced during the mitral valve opening and closing are modeled in a two-dimensional analysis and correlated with temporal variations of the Reynolds number and pressure drop. Low shear stress and net pressures on the mitral valve are obtained for flow acceleration and deceleration. Bernoulli energy flux delivered to blood from ventricular dilation is practically balanced by the energy influx and the rate change of kinetic energy in the ventricle. The rates of work done by shear and energy dissipation are small. The dynamic and energy characteristics of the 2D results are comparable to those of a 3D model.
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798.
authors.forename: Seyed Saeid
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Khalafvand
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Tin-Kan
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798.
authors.forename: Eddie Yin-Kwee
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: National Heart Research Institute of Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169609 ; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D003971:Diastole; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000502:physiology; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left