title: Gambogic acid inhibits growth, induces apoptosis, and overcomes drug resistance in human colorectal cancer cells.
abstract: The emergence of chemoresistance is a major limitation of colorectal cancer (CRC) therapies and novel biologically based therapies are urgently needed. Natural products represent a novel potential anticancer therapy. Gambogic acid (GA), a small molecule derived from Garcinia hanburyi Hook. f., has been demonstrated to be highly cytotoxic to several types of cancer cells and have low toxicity to the hematopoietic system. However, the potential role of GA in colorectal cancer and its ability to overcome the chemotherapeutic resistance in CRC cells have not been well studied. In the present study, we showed that GA directly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in both 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) sensitive and 5-FU resistant colorectal cancer cells; induced apoptosis via activating JNK signaling pathway. The data, therefore, suggested an alternative strategy to overcome 5-FU resistance in CRC and that GA could be a promising medicinal compound for colorectal cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology and the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chuangyu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology and the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Lanlan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology and the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Junxiong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology and the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Mengmeng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Dongguan Health School, Dongguan, Guangdong 523186, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Biyan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Tumor Vaccine Group, Center for Translational Medicine in Women's Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Wa 98195-8050, USA.
authors.forename: Zina Jeyapalan
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Rutnam
authors.affiliation: Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
authors.forename: Aikichi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology and the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhongyang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology and the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiangling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology and the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Huanliang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D044004:Xanthones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D044004:Xanthones; C052659:gambogic acid; D005472:Fluorouracil