title: Histomorphological Patterns of Endometrium in Infertility.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endometrium is the most sensitive indicator of ovarian function and endometrial biopsy is one of the most important investigations in infertility. The current study was carried out to investigate the histomorphological patterns of endometrium in infertile women and to compare the results with other similar studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study on 2,080 infertile women was carried out to find the incidence of various histomorphological patterns in hematoxylin-eosin stained sections of endometrium and compare them with other Indian studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the current study majority of cases (88.50 %) were of primary infertility; the highest number of cases was in the age group of 21-30 years and the oldest patient was of 50 years age. The various abnormalities observed were anovulatory endometrium (15.75 %), inadequate proliferative (1.90 %), inadequate secretory (9.52 %), glandulo-stromal disparity (GSD) (4.21 %), hyperplasia (1.10 %), and endometritis (1.63 %). In 3.0 % cases menstrual cycle history was not available and curettage was done at inappropriate period of the cycle in 11.63 %. Comparison with other studies revealed the results matching with some and differing with others.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the current study, anovulatory endometrium and luteal phase defect are the major causes of infertility, and tuberculous endometritis, non-specific endometritis and GSD are minor contributing factors. These are treatable causes. Premenstrual endometrial biopsy, if accompanied by information of menstrual cycle and date of biopsy, can be a very reliable diagnostic tool for hormonal dysfunction and intrinsic endometrial factors in infertility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Sri Aurobindo Medical College and P. G. Institute, Indore, 453111 M.P. India.
authors.forename: Shirish S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Nandedkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Sri Aurobindo Medical College and P. G. Institute, Indore, 453111 M.P. India.
authors.forename: Ekta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Patidar
authors.affiliation: Gada Life ART Center, Indore, India.
authors.forename: Dhiraj B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Gada
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Sri Aurobindo Medical College and P. G. Institute, Indore, 453111 M.P. India.
authors.forename: Kamal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Malukani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Sri Aurobindo Medical College and P. G. Institute, Indore, 453111 M.P. India.
authors.forename: Kavita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Munjal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Sri Aurobindo Medical College and P. G. Institute, Indore, 453111 M.P. India.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varma
keywords: Endometrium; Glandulo-stromal disparity; Histomorphological patterns; Infertility; Luteal phase; Sterility