title: The assessment of ionising radiation impact on the cooling pond freshwater ecosystem non-human biota from the Ignalina NPP operation beginning to shut down and initial decommissioning.
abstract: The radiological doses to non-human biota of freshwater ecosystem in the Ignalina NPP cooling pond - Lake Druksiai were evaluated for several cases including the plant's operation period and initial decommissioning activities, using the ERICA 1.2 code with IAEA SRS-19 models integrated approach and tool. Among the Lake Druksiai freshwater ecosystem reference organisms investigated the highest exposure dose rate was determined for bottom fauna - benthic organisms (mollusc-bivalves, crustaceans, mollusc-gastropods, insect larvae), and among the other reference organisms - for vascular plants. The mean and maximum total dose rate values due to anthropogenic radionuclide ionising radiation impact in all investigated cases were lower than the ERICA screening dose rate value of 10 μGy/h. The main exposure of reference organisms as a result of Ignalina NPP former effluent to Lake Druksiai is due to ionizing radiation of radionuclides (60)Co and (137)Cs, of predicted releases to Lake Druksiai during initial decommissioning period - due to radionuclides (60)Co, (134)Cs and (137)Cs, and as a result of predicted releases to Lake Druksiai from low- and intermediate-level short-lived radioactive waste disposal site in 30-100 year period - due to radionuclides (99)Tc and (3)H. The risk quotient expected values in all investigated cases were <1, and therefore the risk to non-human biota can be considered negligible with the exception of a conservative risk quotient for insect larvae. Radiological protection of non-human biota in Lake Druksiai, the Ignalina NPP cooling pond, is both feasible and acceptable.
authors.affiliation: State Research Institute Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania. Electronic address: mazeika@geo.lt.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mazeika
authors.affiliation: State Research Institute Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marciulioniene
authors.affiliation: State Research Institute Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nedveckaite
authors.affiliation: State Research Institute Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania; Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos 8, LT-44404, Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Jefanova
mesh_terms: D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000528:radiation effects*; D017753:Ecosystem; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis*; D060106:Lakes / Q000032:analysis*; D008097:Lithuania; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D055848:Nuclear Power Plants; D061005:Ponds / Q000032:analysis; D011834:Radiation Monitoring; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive
keywords: Freshwater ecosystem; Ignalina NPP; Non-human biota; Radioactive effluents; Radiological exposure; Radionuclide