title: Current topics in HIV-1 pathogenesis: The emergence of deregulated immuno-metabolism in HIV-infected subjects.
abstract: HIV-1 infection results in long-lasting activation of the immune system including elevated production of pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokines, and bacterial product release from gut into blood and tissue compartments, which are not fully restored by antiretroviral therapies. HIV-1 has also developed numerous strategies via viral regulatory proteins to hijack cell molecular mechanisms to enhance its own replication and dissemination. Here, we reviewed the relationship between viral proteins, immune activation/inflammation, and deregulated metabolism occurring in HIV-1-infected patients that ultimately dampens the protective innate and adaptive arms of immunity. Defining precisely the molecular mechanisms related to deregulated immuno-metabolism during HIV-1 infection could ultimately help in the development of novel clinical approaches to restore proper immune functions in these patients.
authors.affiliation: INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dagenais-Lussier
authors.affiliation: INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada.
authors.forename: Aounallah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mouna
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Glen site, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Routy
authors.affiliation: CR-CHUM, Montreal, Quebec H2X0A9, Canada.
authors.forename: Cecile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.affiliation: Case Western University, Department of pathology, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Rafick-Pierre
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Sekaly
authors.affiliation: CR-CHUM, Montreal, Quebec H2X0A9, Canada.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El-Far
authors.affiliation: INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada. Electronic address: Julien.VanGrevenynghe@iaf.inrs.ca.
authors.forename: Julien van
authors.initials: Jv
authors.lastname: Grevenynghe
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000328:Adult; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000821:virology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000378:metabolism; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D014764:Viral Proteins; D014364:Tryptophan; D005947:Glucose
keywords: HIV-1; Immuno-metabolism; Inflammation; Innate/adaptive immunity