title: Protective effect of cornel iridoid glycoside in D-galactosamine/tumor necrosis factor-α-injured L02 hepatocytes and its mechanism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to determine the action mode of cornel iridoid glycoside (CIG) from Fructus corni on hepatoprotective activities, the effects of CIG on human hepatocyte cell line (L02) injured by D-galactosamine (GalN) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  The percentage of cell viability was evaluated by cell counting kit-8 assay. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometric analysis in human L02 hepatocytes. The expression levels of activating transcription factor-4 (ATF4), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) were detected by western-blot analysis. In addition, the activity of caspase-3 was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that CIG caused a significant increase in the viability of L02 cells injured by GalN/TNF-α, in accordance with a dose-dependent decrease of apoptotic cell death confirmed by flow cytometric analysis. Based on western blot and colorimetric assay, we found that GalN/TNF-α induced increased expression of ATF4, CHOP, and activation of caspase-3 while CIG pre-treatment had a dose-dependent suppression on them in this cell model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, these findings demonstrate that CIG can effectively protect L02 hepatocytes against apoptosis induced by GalN/TNF-α, suggesting that it is a possible candidate target for liver disease therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preclinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic China.
authors.forename: Zequn
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Preclinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic China.
authors.forename: Yanxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Preclinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic China.
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Preclinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic China.
authors.forename: Haiying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Preclinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic China.
authors.forename: Mingyan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Preclinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic China.
authors.forename: Xiuqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhan
keywords: Apoptosis; D-galactosamine/tumor necrosis factor-α; L02 hepatocyte; cornel iridoid glycoside