title: Ozone impacts on vegetation in a nitrogen enriched and changing climate.
abstract: This paper provides a process-oriented perspective on the combined effects of ozone (O3), climate change and/or nitrogen (N) on vegetation. Whereas increasing CO2 in controlled environments or open-top chambers often ameliorates effects of O3 on leaf physiology, growth and C allocation, this is less likely in the field. Combined responses to elevated temperature and O3 have rarely been studied even though some critical growth stages such as seed initiation are sensitive to both. Under O3 exposure, many species have smaller roots, thereby enhancing drought sensitivity. Of the 68 species assessed for stomatal responses to ozone, 22.5% were unaffected, 33.5% had sluggish or increased opening and 44% stomatal closure. The beneficial effect of N on root development was lost at higher O3 treatments whilst the effects of increasing O3 on root biomass became more pronounced as N increased. Both responses to gradual changes in pollutants and climate and those under extreme weather events require further study.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK. Electronic address: gmi@ceh.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Gina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.affiliation: Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK.
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Harmens
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK.
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wagg
authors.affiliation: Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK.
authors.forename: Katrina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sharps
authors.affiliation: Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK.
authors.forename: Felicity
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.affiliation: Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.affiliation: Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.affiliation: Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
authors.forename: Bill
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Davies
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D018533:Biomass; D002980:Climate; D057231:Climate Change; D055864:Droughts; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis*; D010126:Ozone / Q000633:toxicity*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D010126:Ozone; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Climate change; Drought; Nitrogen; Ozone; Vegetation