title: The toxic effect of a mixture of melamine and cyanuric acid on the gastrointestinal tract and liver in mice.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a mixture of melamine (MA) and cyanuric acid (CA) on the gastrointestinal tract and liver in mice. Kunming mice were given 0, 10, 100, or 200mg/kg.bw/day MA and CA mixture (MC, each compound) in corn oil by gavage for 7 consecutive days. Autopsy showed severe renal injury in all MC-treated mice and histopathological examination revealed dose-related lesions in the gastrointestinal tract and liver other than the kidneys. Subsequently, Kunming mice were given 0, 0.3, 1.5, or 7.5mg/kg · bw/day MC (each compound) in corn oil by gavage for 28 consecutive days. The results showed that higher doses of MC caused mortality and alteration on the body weights, relative liver weights, and blood chemistry parameters related to treatment. Histopathologically, the liver revealed scattered hepatic necrosis and apoptosis. Villous height and villus-to-crypt depth ratios were decreased in the duodenum and jejunum, with marked expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the epithelium compared with controls. In conclusion, MC mixture could cause toxic effects in the gastrointestinal tract and liver in mice during acute and sub-acute toxicity study.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Animal Pathology and Public Health, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture University, Beijing, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China.
authors.forename: Lingling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Tian Tan Biological Products Co.Ltd., PR China.
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Animal Pathology and Public Health, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture University, Beijing, PR China. Electronic address: sheruiping@126.com.
authors.forename: Ruiping
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: She
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Animal Pathology and Public Health, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture University, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Animal Pathology and Public Health, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture University, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Jinfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011897:Random Allocation; D014227:Triazines / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014227:Triazines; C071913:melamine cyanurate
keywords: Cyanuric acid; Gastrointestinal tract; Liver; Melamine; Mice