title: Cytomegalovirus infection can mimic genetic nephrotic syndrome: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nephrotic syndrome is a relatively rare but serious condition in children. Infantile nephrotic syndrome often has a genetic origin; the treatment is then symptomatic, with a poor prognosis, and a rapid evolution to chronic kidney disease. However, non-genetic infantile nephrotic syndrome has been identified. Here we report for the first time in a child a nephrotic syndrome as the sole clinical expression of a cytomegalovirus infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient was 5 months old when he presented with a nephrotic syndrome. An exhaustive genetic testing was conducted and came back negative. A viral work-up only showed a positive cytomegalovirus PCR. Antiviral treatment lead to a complete remission of the nephrotic syndrome, with no requirement for steroid therapy. Renal function remained normal throughout follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nephrotic syndrome should always be carefully investigated in children. This observation reinforces the connection between viral infections and pediatric nephrotic syndrome, sparking more controversy about an infectious origin to childhood nephrotic disease.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Nephrology Department, Robert Debré Hospital, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France. julien.hogan@aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Nephrology Department, Robert Debré Hospital, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France. marc.fila@aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fila
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Nephrology Department, Robert Debré Hospital, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France. veronique.baudouin@aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baudouin
authors.affiliation: Cytology and Pathology Department, Robert Debré Hospital, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France. michel.peuchmaur@aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peuchmaur
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Nephrology Department, Robert Debré Hospital, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France. georges.deschenes@aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deschênes
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Nephrology Department, Robert Debré Hospital, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France. o.r.p.niel@free.fr.|Inserm U1163, Molecular Pathways of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Imagine Institute, 24, boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015, Paris, France. o.r.p.niel@free.fr.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Niel
mesh_terms: D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*