title: Lipid-lowering agents use and systemic and oral inflammation in overweight or obese adult Puerto Ricans: the San Juan Overweight Adults Longitudinal Study (SOALS).
abstract: The effects of lipid-lowering agents (LLA) on reducing systemic and oral inflammation have not been evaluated.
  
  
  
  To assess the association of LLA use with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and oral inflammation.
  
  
  
  Cross-sectional analysis using baseline data from 1300 overweight/obese participants aged 40-65 years, recruited for the ongoing San Juan Overweight Adults Longitudinal Study. Serum hs-CRP was measured by ELISA, gingival/periodontal inflammation was evaluated as bleeding upon probing (BOP), and LLA was self-reported. Separate logistic models were performed for systemic and oral inflammation.
  
  
  
  In all, 24% participants reported history of dyslipidaemia, of which, 50.3% self-reported LLA use. Sixty percent of the participants had elevated hs-CRP (>3 mg/dl) and 50% had high BOP (defined as at or above the median: 21%). After adjusting for age, gender, smoking, HDL-C, physical activity, diabetes, blood pressure medications, and percent body fat composition, LLA users had significantly lower odds of elevated hs-CRP compared to LLA non-users (OR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.39-0.85). After adjusting for age, gender, smoking status, educational level, mean plaque index and percent body fat, LLA users had significantly lower odds of high BOP compared to LLA non-users (OR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.42-0.91).
  
  
  
  Lipid-lowering agents may reduce both systemic and oral inflammatory responses.
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Research and Health Promotion, School of Dental Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Oelisoa M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Andriankaja
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Research and Health Promotion, School of Dental Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jiménez
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Research and Health Promotion, School of Dental Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Torres
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Cynthia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Research and Health Promotion, School of Dental Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vergara
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Research and Health Promotion, School of Dental Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Kaumudi J
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1964-7579
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Joshipura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008055:Lipids; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity; D050177:Overweight
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: hs-CRP; lipid-lowering agents; periodontitis; statins; systemic inflammation