title: Individual Differences in Adult Reading Are Associated with Left Temporo-parietal to Dorsal Striatal Functional Connectivity.
abstract: Reading skills vary widely in both children and adults, with a number of factors contributing to this variability. The most prominent factor may be related to efficiency of storage, representation, or retrieval of speech sounds. This phonological hypothesis is supported by findings of reduced activation in poor readers in left hemisphere ventro-lateral prefrontal and temporo-parietal phonological processing regions. Less well explained by phonological theories are reported hyperactivation in prefrontal, striatal, and insular regions. This study investigated functional connectivity of a core phonological processing region, the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), in relation to reading skill in an adult community sample. We hypothesized that connectivity between TPJ and regions implicated in meta-analyses of reading disorder would correlate with individual differences in reading. Forty-four adults aged 30-54, ranging in reading ability, underwent resting fMRI scans. Data-driven connectivity clustering was used to identify TPJ subregions for seed-based connectivity analyses. Correlations were assessed between TPJ connectivity and timed-pseudoword reading (decoding) ability. We found a significant correlation wherein greater left supramarginal gyrus to anterior caudate connectivity was associated with weaker decoding. This suggests that hyperactivation of the dorsal striatum, reported in poor readers during reading tasks, may reflect compensatory or inefficient overintegration into attention networks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience.|Hotchkiss Brain Institute.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Achal
authors.affiliation: Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.|Haskins Laboratories, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.|Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hoeft
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1.|Department of Paediatrics.|Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute.|Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB, Canada T3B 6A8.
authors.forename: Signe
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bray
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D007807:Language Tests; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D011932:Reading; D012146:Rest; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: caudate; functional connectivity; reading; temporo-parietal junction