title: Dietary Sources of Vitamin B-12 and Their Association with Vitamin B-12 Status Markers in Healthy Older Adults in the B-PROOF Study.
abstract: Low vitamin B-12 concentrations are frequently observed among older adults. Malabsorption is hypothesized to be an important cause of vitamin B-12 inadequacy, but serum vitamin B-12 may also be differently affected by vitamin B-12 intake depending on food source. We examined associations between dietary sources of vitamin B-12 (meat, fish and shellfish, eggs, dairy) and serum vitamin B-12, using cross-sectional data of 600 Dutch community-dwelling adults (≥65 years). Dietary intake was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Vitamin B-12 concentrations were measured in serum. Associations were studied over tertiles of vitamin B-12 intake using P for trend, by calculating prevalence ratios (PRs), and splines. Whereas men had significantly higher vitamin B-12 intakes than women (median (25th-75th percentile): 4.18 (3.29-5.38) versus 3.47 (2.64-4.40) μg/day), serum vitamin B-12 did not differ between the two sexes (mean ± standard deviation (SD): 275 ± 104 pmol/L versus 290 ± 113 pmol/L). Higher intakes of dairy, meat, and fish and shellfish were significantly associated with higher serum vitamin B-12 concentrations, where meat and dairy-predominantly milk were the most potent sources. Egg intake did not significantly contribute to higher serum vitamin B-12 concentrations. Thus, dairy and meat were the most important contributors to serum vitamin B-12, followed by fish and shellfish.
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands. elske.brouwer-brolsma@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Elske M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Brouwer-Brolsma
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands. rosalie.dhonukshe-rutten@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Rosalie A M
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dhonukshe-Rutten
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands. janneke.vanwijngaarden@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Janneke P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: van Wijngaarden
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands. nikitavanderzwaluw@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nikita L van der
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Zwaluw
authors.affiliation: Erasmus MC, Department of Internal Medicine, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands. n.vandervelde@erasmusmc.nl.|Section of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, P.O. Box 22700, Amsterdam 1100 DD, The Netherlands. n.vandervelde@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: Nathalie van der
authors.initials: Nv
authors.lastname: Velde
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands. lisette.degroot@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Lisette C P G M
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: de Groot
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003611:Dairy Products; D004032:Diet; D004531:Eggs; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D015995:Prevalence; D017747:Seafood; D012737:Sex Factors; D012758:Shellfish; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000097:blood*; D014804:Vitamin B Deficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014805:Vitamin B 12
keywords: cheese; dairy; eggs; fish and shellfish; meat; milk; serum vitamin B-12; vitamin B-12 intake; yoghurt