title: Isolation and characterization of Clostridium difficile from pet dogs in Assam, India.
abstract: One hundred and seventeen faecal samples from pet dogs (pup = 21 and adult = 96) brought for treatment to a veterinary clinic were examined for Clostridium difficile. A total of 16 (13.67%) samples were positive. Nine (56.25%) isolates were obtained from 17 adult dogs undergoing antibiotic treatment and this was significantly higher (p < 0.01) as compared to isolates from dogs without antibiotic treatment. Ten isolates (62.5%) were toxigenic (all toxinotype 0) and six were non-toxigenic. None of the isolates were positive for binary toxin genes. PCR ribotyping revealed three different ribotypes (012, 014 and 046) among A(+)B(+) isolates and five different ribotypes (010, SLO 131, and ACD 001 to ACD 003) among A(-)B(-) isolates. The PFGE analysis of toxigenic isolates revealed three different pulsotypes corresponding to the PCR ribotypes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), Assam Agricultural University (AAU), Khanapara, Guwahati 22, Assam, India. Electronic address: isfaqhussain@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Isfaqul
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), Assam Agricultural University (AAU), Khanapara, Guwahati 22, Assam, India.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), Assam Agricultural University (AAU), Khanapara, Guwahati 22, Assam, India; State Biotech Hub, CVSc, AAU, Khanapara, Guwahati 22, Assam, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Borah
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre on Pig, ICAR, Rani, Guwahati 31, Assam, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajkhowa
authors.affiliation: State Biotech Hub, CVSc, AAU, Khanapara, Guwahati 22, Assam, India.
authors.forename: Iftikar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: State Biotech Hub, CVSc, AAU, Khanapara, Guwahati 22, Assam, India.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Barkalita
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Physiology, CVSc, AAU, Khanapara, Guwahati 22, Assam, India.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hasin
authors.affiliation: State Biotech Hub, CVSc, AAU, Khanapara, Guwahati 22, Assam, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Choudhury
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory for Health, Environment and Food, Maribor, Slovenia; University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Maribor, Slovenia; Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rupnik
authors.affiliation: State Biotech Hub, CVSc, AAU, Khanapara, Guwahati 22, Assam, India.
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Deka
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), Assam Agricultural University (AAU), Khanapara, Guwahati 22, Assam, India.
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Saikia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004285:Dogs; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D057805:Pets / Q000382:microbiology*; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Animals; Clostridium difficile; Dog; PFGE; Ribotyping; Toxins