title: Acute Kidney Injury in Cirrhosis.
abstract: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of end-stage liver disease, especially in those with acute-on-chronic liver failure, occurring in up to 50% of hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. There is no specific blood or urine biomarker that can reliably identify the cause of AKI in cirrhotic patients. This review examines studies used to assess renal dysfunction in cirrhotic patients including new diagnostic criteria and potential novel biomarkers. Although biomarker development to differentiate the cause of AKI in cirrhosis has promise, the utility of biomarkers to determine irreversible renal dysfunction with liver transplant remains lacking, warranting further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Alberta, 1-40 Zeidler Ledcor Building, 8540, 112 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2X8, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Constantine J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Karvellas
authors.affiliation: Service d'Hépatologie & Réanimation Hépatodigestive, Hepatology and Liver Intensive Care Unit, INSERM U773, Université Paris VII Hôpital Beaujon, 100 Boulevard du Général Leclerc, Clichy 92110, France; INSERM U1149, University Paris VII, Denis Diderot, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: Mitra.Nadim@med.usc.edu.
authors.forename: Mitra K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Nadim
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000652:urine; D000418:Albumins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000097:blood; D006530:Hepatorenal Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000652:urine; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D019168:Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000652:urine; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D000418:Albumins; D015415:Biomarkers; D055316:Cystatin C; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: Acute dialysis quality initiative; Acute kidney injury; Acute kidney injury network; Acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF); Cirrhosis; Hepatorenal syndrome