title: The landscape of research on smartphone medical apps: Coherent taxonomy, motivations, open challenges and recommendations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To survey researchers' efforts in response to the new and disruptive technology of smartphone medical apps, mapping the research landscape form the literature into a coherent taxonomy, and finding out basic characteristics of this emerging field represented on: motivation of using smartphone apps in medicine and healthcare, open challenges that hinder the utility, and the recommendations to improve the acceptance and use of medical apps in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a focused search for every article on (1) smartphone (2) medical or health-related (3) app, in four major databases: MEDLINE, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and IEEE Xplore. Those databases are deemed broad enough to cover both medical and technical literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final set included 133 articles. Most articles (68/133) are reviews and surveys that refer to actual apps or the literature to describe medical apps for a specific specialty, disease, or purpose; or to provide a general overview of the technology. Another group (43/133) carried various studies, from evaluation of apps to exploration of desired features when developing them. Few researchers (17/133) presented actual attempts to develop medical apps, or shared their experiences in doing so. The smallest portion (5/133) proposed general frameworks addressing the production or operation of apps.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since 2010, researchers followed the trend of medical apps in several ways, though leaving areas or aspect for further attention. Regardless of their category, articles focus on the challenges that hinder the full utility of medical apps and do recommend mitigations to them.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Research on smartphone medical apps is active and various. We hope that this survey contribute to the understanding of the available options and gaps for other researchers to join this line of research.
authors.affiliation: Security Lab, Wisma R&D, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Muzammil
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Security Lab, Wisma R&D, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Haiqi
authors.affiliation: Security Lab, Wisma R&D, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia. Electronic address: aws.alaa@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Zaidan
authors.affiliation: Security Lab, Wisma R&D, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Zaidan
authors.affiliation: Security Lab, Wisma R&D, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M L M
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kiah
authors.affiliation: Security Lab, Wisma R&D, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nor Badrul
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Anuar
authors.affiliation: Security Lab, Wisma R&D, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdulnabi
mesh_terms: D040421:Cell Phone; D002965:Classification; D008491:Medical Informatics Applications; D009042:Motivation; D012106:Research
keywords: Medical and health apps; Mobile health; Smartphone apps; Survey; Taxonomy