title: Ultraviolet-Fluorescent Tattoo Facilitates Accurate Identification of Biopsy Sites.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cutaneous biopsy sites are often difficult to discern or are frequently misidentified when patients present for the treatment of skin cancers. This frustrating situation can lead to delays in treatment and wrong site surgeries. Current methods aiming to prevent this situation are not perfect.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study seeks to determine the efficacy of ultraviolet-fluorescent tattoos in facilitating the correct identification of suspected nonmelanoma skin cancer biopsy sites.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective cohort, 51 shave biopsy sites were tattooed with ultraviolet-fluorescent ink in a series of 31 patients suspected of having a cutaneous malignancy. At the time of follow-up, the ability of the patient and the physician to identify the correct site with and without ultraviolet illumination of the tattoo was recorded. Visibility of the tattoo was graded before and after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients could not positively identify their biopsy site in 35% of cases. In 7% of cases, physicians could not confidently identify the site without the aid of ultraviolet illumination. In conjunction with tattoo illumination, physicians confidently identified the site in 100% of the cases. No adverse events occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultraviolet-fluorescent tattoos offer a safe and reliable means of accurately marking cutaneous biopsy sites.
authors.affiliation: *The Woodruff Institute, Naples, Florida; †Skin Institute of South Florida, Coral Springs, Florida; ‡Hollywood Dermatology and Cosmetic Surgery Specialists, Hollywood, Florida; §Dermatology Residency Program, Larkin Community Hospital, Miami, Florida; ‖Nova Southeastern University, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, Florida; ¶NSU/Broward Health Dermatology Residency; Fort Lauderdale, Florida; #Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida; **Skin Institute of South Florida, Coral Springs, Florida; ††Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida.
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schleichert
authors.forename: Bertha
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baum
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Villacorta
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hardigan
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D055623:Keratosis, Actinic / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D013653:Tattooing / Q000379:methods*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes