title: A Highly Sensitive Fluorescent Sensor for Palladium and Direct Imaging of Its Ecotoxicity in Living Model Organisms.
abstract: Rhodamine is an ideal platform for fluorescence probes owing to its spiro-lactam framework and excellent photochemical properties. Herein, a novel rhodamine-based palladium fluorescent chemosensor, Rd-Eb, showing a fast response time (3 min), high sensitivity for palladium species over other ions, and a low detection limit (1.91×10(-7)  m), was synthesized. It can act as an obvious colorimetric as well as a fluorescent "off/on" sensor for Pd(2+) . In addition, it is also an excellent sensor for in vivo imaging of Pd(2+) in zebra fish and Daphnia magna, illuminating the impact of palladium on organisms at different growth stages with respect to biological toxicology.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, 100 Central Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510070, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, 100 Central Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510070, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, 100 Central Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510070, P.R. China. xumy@gdim.cn.
authors.forename: Meiying
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7276-4219
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, 100 Central Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510070, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Guoping
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003621:Daphnia / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000032:analysis*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D023421:Models, Animal; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010165:Palladium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000032:analysis*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D012235:Rhodamines; D010165:Palladium
keywords: ecotoxicity; fluorescent probes; hydrolysis; live-cell imaging; palladium