title: Stepping Into and Out of the Void: Funding Dynamics of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research in California, Sweden, and South Korea.
abstract: Nonprofit organizations and philanthropists stepped into a funding void caused by controversies over public funding of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research. Based on interviews of 83 representatives of 53 funders, we examine the motivations and accountability structures of public agencies, corporations, fundraising dependent nonprofit organizations and philanthropic organizations that funded hESC research in three jurisdictions: California, Sweden, and South Korea. While non-traditional forms of funding are essential in the early stages of research advancement, they are unreliable for the long timeframes necessary to advance cell therapies. Such funding sources may enter the field based on high expectations, but may exit just as rapidly based on disappointing rates of progress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Business Studies, Uppsala University, Box 513, Uppsala, Sweden, 751 20. noomi.weinryb@fek.uu.se.
authors.forename: Noomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Weinryb
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada.
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bubela
mesh_terms: D002140:California; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D017690:Cell Transplantation / Q000191:economics* / Q000941:ethics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005653:Fund Raising / Q000941:ethics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000066449:Human Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009939:Organizations, Nonprofit / Q000191:economics* / Q000941:ethics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D056910:Republic of Korea; D057905:Stem Cell Research / Q000191:economics* / Q000941:ethics; D013548:Sweden
keywords: Accountability; Fundraising dependent nonprofit organization; Human embryonic stem cell; Philanthropist; Research funding