title: WATER FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES USED FOR THE IRRIGATION OF VEGETABLES TO BE MARKETED: RESEARCH ON Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp., AND COLIFORMS IN PARANA, BRAZIL.
abstract: The aim of this work was to compare, from a parasitological ( Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis), bacteriological (total and thermotolerants coliforms) and physicochemical perspective, water sources used for drinking and irrigation of vegetables intended to be sold for human consumption. From January 2010 to May 2011, samples of different water sources from vegetable producing properties were collected; 100 liters for parasitological analysis, 200 mL for bacteriological analysis, and five liters for physicochemical analysis. Water samples were filtered under vacuum with a kit containing a cellulose acetate membrane filter, 1.2 µm (Millipore(r), Barueri, SP, Brazil). The material retained on the membrane was mechanically extracted and analyzed by direct immunofluorescence (Merifluor(r)kit). From 20 rural properties investigated, 10 had artesian wells (40 samples), 10 had common wells (40 samples), and one had a mine (four samples), the latter contaminated by Cryptosporidium spp. In samples from artesian wells, 90 to 130 meters depth, 42.5% were positive for total coliforms and 5.0% were identified to have abnormal coloration. From the samples of common wells, 14 to 37 meters depth, 87.5% were contaminated with total coliforms, 82.5% were positive for thermotolerant coliforms, and 12.5% had color abnormalities. We did not detect the presence of Giardia spp. or Cryptosporidium spp. in artesian and common wells. The use of artesian or common wells is an important step in the control of the spreading of zoonoses, particularly Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp., as well as artesian wells for coliform control in local production of vegetables to be marketed.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade Ingá, Maringá, PR, BR, rtiyo@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: Rogerio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tiyo
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Maringá, BR, carllazangari@gmail.com, leticianishi@hotmail.com, brustolin_camila@hotmail.com, bi_ratti@hotmail.com, alfguilherme@uem.br.
authors.forename: Carla Zangari
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Maringá, BR, carllazangari@gmail.com, leticianishi@hotmail.com, brustolin_camila@hotmail.com, bi_ratti@hotmail.com, alfguilherme@uem.br.
authors.forename: Letícia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Maringá, BR, carllazangari@gmail.com, leticianishi@hotmail.com, brustolin_camila@hotmail.com, bi_ratti@hotmail.com, alfguilherme@uem.br.
authors.forename: Camila Fernanda
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Brustolin
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Maringá, BR, carllazangari@gmail.com, leticianishi@hotmail.com, brustolin_camila@hotmail.com, bi_ratti@hotmail.com, alfguilherme@uem.br.
authors.forename: Bianca Altrão
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Ratti
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Maringá, BR, carllazangari@gmail.com, leticianishi@hotmail.com, brustolin_camila@hotmail.com, bi_ratti@hotmail.com, alfguilherme@uem.br.
authors.forename: Ana Lucia
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Falavigna Guilherme
mesh_terms: D057914:Agricultural Irrigation; D001938:Brazil; D003458:Cryptosporidium / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005872:Giardia / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D014675:Vegetables; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry / Q000469:parasitology*; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D014867:Water