title: Sporothrix schenckii COMPLEX:SUSCEPTIBILITIES TO COMBINED ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ENZYMATIC PROFILES.
abstract: Sporothrix schenckii was reclassified as a complex encompassing six cryptic species, which calls for the reassessment of clinical and epidemiological data of these new species. We evaluated the susceptibility of Sporothrix albicans(n = 1) , S. brasiliensis(n = 6) , S. globosa(n = 1), S. mexicana(n = 1) and S. schenckii(n = 36) to terbinafine (TRB) alone and in combination with itraconazole (ITZ), ketoconazole (KTZ), and voriconazole (VRZ) by a checkerboard microdilution method and determined the enzymatic profile of these species with the API-ZYM kit. Most interactions were additive (27.5%, 32.5% and 5%) or indifferent (70%, 50% and 52.5%) for TRB+KTZ, TRB+ITZ and TRB+VRZ, respectively. Antagonisms were observed in 42.5% of isolates for the TRB+VRZ combination. Based on enzymatic profiling, the Sporothrix schenckii strains were categorized into 14 biotypes. Leucine arylamidase (LA) activity was observed only for S. albicans and S. mexicana. The species S. globosa and S. Mexicana were the only species without β-glucosidase (GS) activity. Our results may contribute to a better understanding of virulence and resistance among species of the genus Sporothrix in further studies.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, BR.
authors.forename: Daniele Carvalho
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, BR.
authors.forename: Érico Silva
authors.initials: ÉS
authors.lastname: de Loreto
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, BR.
authors.forename: Débora Alves Nunes
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Mario
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, BR.
authors.forename: Paulo G Markus
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, BR.
authors.forename: Louise Vignolles
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Neves
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, BR.
authors.forename: Marta Pires
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: da Rocha
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, BR.
authors.forename: Janio Morais
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Santurio
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, BR.
authors.forename: Sydney Hartz
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Alves
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002415:Cats; D006801:Humans; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D010802:Phylogeny; D013175:Sporothrix / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D000077291:Terbinafine; D065819:Voriconazole / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009281:Naphthalenes; D017964:Itraconazole; D000077291:Terbinafine; D065819:Voriconazole; D007654:Ketoconazole