title: Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R inhibits human prostate cancer experimental bone metastasis in mouse models.
abstract: Bone metastasis is a frequent occurrence in prostate cancer patients and often is lethal. Zoledronic acid (ZOL) is often used for bone metastasis with limited efficacy. More effective models and treatment methods are required to improve the outcome of prostate cancer patients. In the present study, the effects of tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R were analyzed in vitro and in vivo on prostate cancer cells and experimental bone metastasis. Both ZOL and S. typhimurium A1-R inhibited the growth of PC-3 cells expressing red fluorescent protien in vitro. To investigate the efficacy of S. typhimurium A1-R on prostate cancer experimental bone metastasis, we established models of both early and advanced stage bone metastasis. The mice were treated with ZOL, S. typhimurium A1-R, and combination therapy of both ZOL and S. typhimurium A1-R. ZOL and S. typhimurium A1-R inhibited the growth of solitary bone metastases. S. typhimurium A1-R treatment significantly decreased bone metastasis and delayed the appearance of PC-3 bone metastases of multiple mouse models. Additionally, S. typhimurium A1-R treatment significantly improved the overall survival of the mice with multiple bone metastases. The results of the present study indicate that S. typhimurium A1-R is useful to prevent and inhibit prostate cancer bone metastasis and has potential for future clinical use in the adjuvant setting.
authors.affiliation: AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California, USA.|Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.|Ageo Medical Group, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toneri
authors.affiliation: AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California, USA.|Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miwa
authors.affiliation: AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Cameron
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California, USA.|Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Shuya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bouvet
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pathology and Clinical Research, Aichi Cancer Center Aichi Hospital, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Hayao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.affiliation: AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California, USA.|Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.affiliation: AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001691:Biological Therapy; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000382:microbiology / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D007093:Imidazoles; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid
keywords: GFP/RFP; bacterial therapy; bone metastasis; prostate cancer; zoledronic acid