title: The Relation of Ego Integrity and Despair to Personality Traits and Mental Health.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Existing studies in the Eriksonian tradition found that ego integrity and despair are important indicators of life-span development. The present study relates ego integrity and despair to contemporary theories of personality and mental health.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of Dutch adults aged between 50 and 95 years (N = 218) was carried out, using the Northwestern Ego Integrity Scale, the subscales for neuroticism, extraversion, and openness to experience of the NEO-FFI, the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale-Short Form.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Extraversion and openness to experience have an indirect relation to ego integrity that is mediated by well-being. Neuroticism was related to despair and explained the relationship of depressive symptoms to despair. Chronological age did not moderate these findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ego integrity appears to be related to fluctuating states of mental health, whereas despair is more an expression of a general trait-like disposition of neuroticism. Implications for further research are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department Psychology, Health, and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gerben J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Westerhof
authors.affiliation: Department Psychology, Health, and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ernst T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Bohlmeijer
authors.affiliation: Department Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.
authors.forename: Dan P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: McAdams
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005120:Extraversion, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D000075384:Neuroticism; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D010551:Personality / Q000502:physiology*; D012649:Self Concept
keywords: Depression—Despair; Ego integrity; Erikson; Mental health; Personality; Well-being.