title: A Eu(II)-Containing Cryptate as a Redox Sensor in Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Living Tissue.
abstract: The Eu(II) ion rivals Gd(III) in its ability to enhance contrast in magnetic resonance imaging. However, all reported Eu(II)-based complexes have been studied in vitro largely because the tendency of Eu(II) to oxidize to Eu(III) has been viewed as a major obstacle to in vivo imaging. Herein, we present solid- and solution-phase characterization of a Eu(II)-containing cryptate and the first in vivo use of Eu(II) to provide contrast enhancement. The results indicate that between one and two water molecules are coordinated to the Eu(II) core upon dissolution. We also demonstrate that Eu(II)-based contrast enhancement can be observed for hours in a mouse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202 (USA) http://chem.wayne.edu/allengroup.
authors.forename: Levi A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Ekanger
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 110 East Warren Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201 (USA).|Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R Street, Detroit, MI 48201 (USA).
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Polin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3990 John R Street, Detroit, MI 48201 (USA).
authors.forename: Yimin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3990 John R Street, Detroit, MI 48201 (USA).|Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R Street, Detroit, MI 48201 (USA).
authors.forename: E Mark
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Haacke
authors.affiliation: Lumigen Instrument Center, Chemistry Department, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202 (USA).
authors.forename: Philip D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202 (USA) http://chem.wayne.edu/allengroup. mallen@chem.wayne.edu.|Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R Street, Detroit, MI 48201 (USA). mallen@chem.wayne.edu.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D005063:Europium / Q000737:chemistry*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D005063:Europium
keywords: cryptands; europium; imaging agents; magnetic resonance imaging; structure elucidation