title: Analogue peptides for the immunotherapy of human acute myeloid leukemia.
abstract: The use of peptide vaccines, enhanced by adjuvants, has shown some efficacy in clinical trials. However, responses are often short-lived and rarely induce notable memory responses. The reason is that self-antigens have already been presented to the immune system as the tumor develops, leading to tolerance or some degree of host tumor cell destruction. To try to break tolerance against self-antigens, one of the methods employed has been to modify peptides at the anchor residues to enhance their ability to bind major histocompatibility complex molecules, extending their exposure to the T-cell receptor. These modified or analogue peptides have been investigated as stimulators of the immune system in patients with different cancers with variable but sometimes notable success. In this review we describe the background and recent developments in the use of analogue peptides for the immunotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia describing knowledge useful for the application of analogue peptide treatments for other malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Third Clinic for Internal Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Park Square, Luton, LU1 3JU, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mead
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Park Square, Luton, LU1 3JU, UK.
authors.forename: Aleksandrs
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malinovskis
authors.affiliation: Division of Translational Vaccine Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.|Department of Haematological Medicine, Guy's, King's & St. Thomas' School of Medicine, The Rayne Institute, King's College London, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London, UK.
authors.forename: Nicola R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Hardwick
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Park Square, Luton, LU1 3JU, UK. barbara.guinn@beds.ac.uk.|Department of Haematological Medicine, Guy's, King's & St. Thomas' School of Medicine, The Rayne Institute, King's College London, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London, UK. barbara.guinn@beds.ac.uk.|Cancer Sciences Unit, Southampton University Hospitals Trust, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. barbara.guinn@beds.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Barbara-Ann
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Guinn
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D000090243:Nucleophosmin; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000502:physiology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; C000716967:NPM1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit; D000090243:Nucleophosmin
keywords: Adult acute myeloid leukemia; Analogue peptides; Clinical trials; Heteroclitic peptides; NPM1; PASD1