title: An analysis of the factors influencing pulmonary artery catheter placement in anesthetized patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulmonary artery catheters are usually placed by resident anesthesiologists with pressure wave monitoring from educational point of view. In some cases, the placement needs longer time or is difficult only by observing the pressure waves.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to examine the time required for the catheter placement in adult patients and determine factors influencing the placement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational, cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the time required for the catheter placement. If the catheter is placed in longer than 5 min, this could be a difficult placement. We examined the effect of the patient's age, body mass index, cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) and tricuspid regurgitation, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and training duration of a resident on the difficult catheter placement. Next, we excluded the difficult cases from the analysis and examined the effect of these factors on the placement time.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data were analyzed by logistic regression analysis to assess factors for the difficult catheter placement and multiple linear regression analysis to evaluate the factors to increase the placement time after univariate analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The difficult placement occurred in 6 patients (5.7%). The analysis showed that LVEF was a significant factor to hinder the catheter placement (P = 0.02) while CTR was a significant factor to increase the placement time (P = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LVEF and CTRs are significant factors to be associated with the difficult catheter placement and to increase the placement time, respectively.
authors.forename: Saya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hakata
authors.forename: Chiho
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamibayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka University Hospital, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000758:Anesthesia; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002407:Catheterization, Swan-Ganz / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011651:Pulmonary Artery; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014262:Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency / Q000150:complications