title: Genetic diversity of clinical Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis and Mycobacterium intracellulare isolates causing pulmonary diseases recovered from different geographical regions.
abstract: Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections are increasing annually in many countries. MAC strains are the most common nontuberculous mycobacterial pathogens isolated from respiratory samples and predominantly consist of two species, Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare. The aim of this study was to analyze the molecular epidemiology and genetic backgrounds of clinical MAC isolates collected from The Netherlands, Germany, United States, Korea and Japan. Variable numbers of tandem repeats (VNTR) analysis was used to examine the genetic relatedness of clinical isolates of M. avium subsp. hominissuis (n=261) and M. intracellulare (n=116). Minimum spanning tree and unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages analyses based on the VNTR data indicated that M. avium subsp. hominissuis isolates from Japan shared a high degree of genetic relatedness with Korean isolates, but not with isolates from Europe or the United States, whereas M. intracellulare isolates did not show any specific clustering by geographic origin. The findings from the present study indicate that strains of M. avium subsp. hominissuis, but not M. intracellulare, exhibit geographical differences in genetic diversity and imply that MAC strains may have different sources, routes of transmission and perhaps clinical manifestations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Ingen
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Jung
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.affiliation: Center of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Freiburg University, Germany.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO USA.
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salfinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inagaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei-Ichi
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Uchiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National Hospital Organization, Higashinagoya National Hospital, 5-101 Umemorizaka, Meito-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8620, Japan.
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National Hospital Organization, Higashinagoya National Hospital, 5-101 Umemorizaka, Meito-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8620, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyofumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan. Electronic address: tyagi@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yagi
mesh_terms: D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005202:Asia, Eastern / Q000453:epidemiology; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D015269:Mycobacterium avium Complex / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D015270:Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection / Q000382:microbiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial
keywords: Geographic origin; MAC; Molecular epidemiology; Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis; Mycobacterium intracellulare; VNTR