title: Sociocognitive determinants of self-reported compliance with standard precautions: Development and preliminary testing of a questionnaire with French health care workers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inconsistent compliance of health care workers with standard precautions has already been documented. The objective of this study was to develop a questionnaire to investigate the sociocognitive determinants of compliance with standard precautions based on the theory of planned behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  To construct the Standard Precautions Questionnaire (SPQ), items were selected using a systematic review of literature and semistructured interviews with 54 health care workers. Thirty-five items were selected for a draft questionnaire. These questionnaires were sent to 649 health care workers in 3 medical specialties (pediatrics, geriatrics, and intensive care) in a French University hospital. A total of 331 valid questionnaires were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor analysis yielded a final 7-factor solution with an explained variance of 66.51%, with 24 items. The 7 dimensions were the following: attitude toward standard precautions, social influence facilitating organization, exemplary behavior of colleagues, organizational constraints, individual constraints, and intention to perform standard precautions. Some differences were observed between medical specialties on attitude toward standard precautions, social influence, and individual constraints.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SPQ met the conditions of reliability and validity in accordance with psychometric demands and could be used to evaluate attitudes and intention to perform standard precautions among medical and nursing staff.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Rennes 2, Centre de Recherches en Psychologie Cognition et Communication (CRPCC, E.A. 1285), Rennes, France. Electronic address: estelle.michinov@univ-rennes2.fr.
authors.forename: Estelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Michinov
authors.affiliation: Hospital Hygiene Unit, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buffet-Bataillon
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Rennes 2, Centre de Recherches en Psychologie Cognition et Communication (CRPCC, E.A. 1285), Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chudy
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, EHESP School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France.
authors.forename: Aymery
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Constant
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Merle
authors.affiliation: Centre de Coordination pour la Lutte contre les Infections associées aux soins (C-CLIN), Paris, France; EHESP School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Astagneau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003422:Critical Care; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D005853:Geriatrics; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010372:Pediatrics; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016635:Universal Precautions
keywords: Infection control; Scale development; Standard precautions; Theory of planned behavior