title: Unemployment, health, and education of HIV-infected males in Germany.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study on people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) identifies socio-demographic and health-related factors corresponding with their labour market participation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study sample bases on a German observational sub-study of 527 male PLWHA. The present analysis is restricted to male PLWHA in working age. By means of a multivariate regression, we identify factors that contribute to unemployment and job loss.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The probability to be unemployed is significantly negatively correlated with age above 40 years and graduation from university and positively correlated with problems with daily activities (frailty) and disease severity (CDC stage C). The probability of employment loss during the 2-year observation period is significantly negatively correlated with the educational level, whereas frailty and hepatitis C (HCV) co-infection increase the odds of employment loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As problems to manage daily activities and disease progression are associated with unemployment, an effective HIV treatment is an important cornerstone for employment. This is also true for the management of comorbidities, such as HCV co-infection, which also negatively affects employment status in our study.
authors.affiliation: Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE), Heinrich-Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Groß
authors.affiliation: Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE), Heinrich-Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.|CINCH, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herr
authors.affiliation: Klinikum Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hower
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Economics Research, University of Hanover, Hanover, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuhlmann
authors.affiliation: Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE), Heinrich-Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. joerg.mahlich@gmail.com.|Janssen KK, Tokyo, Japan. joerg.mahlich@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mahlich
authors.affiliation: Centre for Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hanover, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stoll
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004522:Educational Status; D005858:Germany; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014478:Unemployment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: AIDS/HIV; Antiretroviral therapy; Frailty; Job loss; Unemployment