title: Comprehension of iconic gestures by chimpanzees and human children.
abstract: Iconic gestures-communicative acts using hand or body movements that resemble their referent-figure prominently in theories of language evolution and development. This study contrasted the abilities of chimpanzees (N=11) and 4-year-old human children (N=24) to comprehend novel iconic gestures. Participants learned to retrieve rewards from apparatuses in two distinct locations, each requiring a different action. In the test, a human adult informed the participant where to go by miming the action needed to obtain the reward. Children used the iconic gestures (more than arbitrary gestures) to locate the reward, whereas chimpanzees did not. Some children also used arbitrary gestures in the same way, but only after they had previously shown comprehension for iconic gestures. Over time, chimpanzees learned to associate iconic gestures with the appropriate location faster than arbitrary gestures, suggesting at least some recognition of the iconicity involved. These results demonstrate the importance of iconicity in referential communication.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: manuel_bohn@eva.mpg.de.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bohn
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, UK.
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Call
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomasello
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D032882:Comprehension / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005868:Gestures; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D002679:Pan troglodytes; D012938:Social Perception
keywords: Chimpanzees; Evolution; Iconic gestures; Language development; Referential communication; Social cognition