title: Animal models of hepatotoxicity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Liver is the largest and important organ in the body, involved in the metabolism of food and drugs. Liver diseases are potentially life threatening for humans. The etiology of liver disorder varied due to different reasons like autoimmune disorder, viral infection, toxic chemical, and due to changing diet style. Liver injury produces pathological changes like increase level of SGOT, SGPT, TB and generation of free radical radicals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A better understanding of primary mechanisms is mandatory for designing of new therapeutic drugs. Therefore, animal models are being developed to mimic human liver diseases. Animal models are being used for several decades to study the pathogenesis of liver disorders and related toxicities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this review, we revealed various animal models with their merits and demerits. Our main focus is to explore all new and traditional animal models under broad classification like non-invasive, invasive and genetic models which directly or indirectly produce hepatotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
authors.forename: Ganesh Singh
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Bhakuni
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
authors.forename: Onkar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bedi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
authors.forename: Jitender
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bariwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deshmukh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India. punnubansal79@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Puneet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Animal models; Drug targets; Hepatotoxicity; Liver diseases; Pathogenesis