title: Association of the Number of Years Since Menopause with Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance in Chinese Urban Women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the association of years since menopause with MetS and Insulin Resistance (IR) in Chinese women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 4436 Chinese subjects aged 40-80 years participated in the study; 790 were premenopausal women, and 3646 were postmenopausal women. IR was arbitrarily defined as a homeostasis model assessment-IR index (HOMA-IR) value above the 75th percentile of normal glucose tolerance (NGT). MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation consensus definition. To test whether there was an association between the number of years since menopause and MetS, multivariate logistic analysis was conducted. Premenopausal women were used as a comparison group in regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI), and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), more years since menopause was highly associated with an increased risk of MetS (p for trend <0.05) ; the number of years since menopause was not correlated with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. Postmenopausal women with 10 to 14 years since menopause had the highest risk (odds ratio [OR], 2.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.52-2.89, p < .05) of MetS, high triglycerides (TG; OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.34-2.42, p < .05) and high glucose (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.14-2.05, p < .05) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.18-2.32, p < .05). Postmenopausal women with more than 15 years since menopause had the highest risk of abdominal obesity (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.05-2.71, p < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In China, more years since menopause was highly associated with an increased risk of MetS. Menopausal history may help identify women with increased risk of developing MetS.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Endocrinology of Qilu Hospital and Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong University , Jinan, China .
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: 7 Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan, China .
authors.forename: Jidong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: 2 Shantui Community Health Center , Jining, China .
authors.forename: Xiangmin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Endocrinology, Second People's Hospital of Jining , Jining, China .
authors.forename: Xiuping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: 4 Lukang Hospital of Jining , Jining, China .
authors.forename: Shaoyuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 5 China National Heavy Duty Truck Group Corporation Hospital , Jinan, China .
authors.forename: Zeqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Endocrinology of Qilu Hospital and Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong University , Jinan, China .
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Endocrinology of Qilu Hospital and Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong University , Jinan, China .
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Endocrinology of Qilu Hospital and Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong University , Jinan, China .
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Endocrinology of Qilu Hospital and Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong University , Jinan, China .
authors.forename: Xinguo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: 6 Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong, China .
authors.forename: Shihong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Endocrinology of Qilu Hospital and Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong University , Jinan, China .
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D016014:Linear Models; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D007328:Insulin; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides