title: TDR Technique for Estimating the Intensity of Evapotranspiration of Turfgrasses.
abstract: The paper presents a method for precise estimation of evapotranspiration of selected turfgrass species. The evapotranspiration functions, whose domains are only two relatively easy to measure parameters, were developed separately for each of the grass species. Those parameters are the temperature and the volumetric moisture of soil at the depth of 2.5 cm. Evapotranspiration has the character of a modified logistic function with empirical parameters. It assumes the form ETR(θ (2.5 cm), T (2.5 cm)) = A/(1 + B · e (-C · (θ (2.5 cm) · T (2.5 cm)), where: ETR(θ (2.5 cm), T (2.5 cm)) is evapotranspiration [mm · h(-1)], θ (2.5 cm) is volumetric moisture of soil at the depth of 2.5 cm [m(3) · m(-3)], T (2.5 cm) is soil temperature at the depth of 2.5 cm [°C], and A, B, and C are empirical coefficients calculated individually for each of the grass species [mm · h(1)], and [-], [(m(3) · m(-3) · °C)(-1)]. The values of evapotranspiration calculated on the basis of the presented function can be used as input data for the design of systems for the automatic control of irrigation systems ensuring optimum moisture conditions in the active layer of lawn swards.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Protection and Development, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Plac Grunwaldzki 24, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Janik
authors.affiliation: Department of Agroecosystems and Green Areas Management, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Plac Grunwaldzki 24, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Karol
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wolski
authors.affiliation: Distance Learning Center, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Plac Grunwaldzki 24A, 50-365 Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Protection and Development, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Plac Grunwaldzki 24, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.affiliation: Department of Metrology and Modelling of Agrophysical Processes, Institute of Agrophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Skierucha
authors.affiliation: Department of Metrology and Modelling of Agrophysical Processes, Institute of Agrophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wilczek
authors.affiliation: Institute of Landscape Architecture, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Plac Grunwaldzki 24A, 50-365 Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Szyszkowski
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Protection and Development, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Plac Grunwaldzki 24, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Amadeusz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Walczak