title: Barriers of Pre-Hospital Services in Road Traffic Injuries in Tehran: The Viewpoint of Service Providers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Iran is one of the countries with considerable road traffic injuries. Pre-hospital interventions have an important role in preventing mortalities and disabilities caused by traffic accidents. The present study aimed to explore the barriers of pre-hospital care in traffic injuries in Tehran, Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  A qualitative content analysis approach was conducted based on 21 semi-structured interviews with 18 participants. A purposeful sampling method was applied until reaching data saturation. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and then data condensing, labeling, coding and defining categories were performed by qualitative content analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four main barriers including 4 main categories and 13 subcategories emerged; they included Barriers related to people, Barriers related to metropolitan infrastructure, Barriers related to the profession and Barriers related to managerial issues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the findings of this study, pre-hospital service barriers in traffic accidents have many dimensions including cultural, structural and managerial domains. Policy makers in health system can use these findings to promote the quality of pre-hospital services, especially in the field of traffic injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Shahrokh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alinia
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamidreza
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khankeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sadat Seyed Bagher
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Maddah
authors.affiliation: Nursing & Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Negarandeh
keywords: Emergency medical services; Iran; Traffic accidents