title: Indocyanine Green Lymphographic Signs of Lymphatic Collateral Formation in Lower Extremity Lymphedema After Cancer Resection.
abstract: Indocyanine green lymphography has recently been used to assess lymphatic vessel function in lymphedema patients. Postoperative collateral lymphatic vessels toward ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes are rarely seen above the umbilical level in lower lymphedema patients. Between January 2012 and December 2014, we performed indocyanine green lymphography of 192 limbs in 96 lower extremity lymphedema cases. As a result, dermal back flow appeared in 95 cases, with 38 in the lower abdominal area and 31 in the genital area. We confirmed 3 cases of superficial lymphatic collateral ways extending above the umbilical level to the axillary lymph nodes. All 3 cases had similarity in lower abdominal edema, so excessive lymphatic fluid in the lower abdomen was assumed to be the cause. Lymphatic collateral ways from abdomen to axillary lymph nodes in this study was likely to be designed to prevent the progress of lymphedema.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tashiro
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mito
authors.forename: Ryohei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ishiura
authors.forename: Motoi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Mitsunaga
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Narushima
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Koshima
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001365:Axilla; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008220:Lymphography / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007208:Indocyanine Green