title: Neural substrates of cue reactivity: association with treatment outcomes and relapse.
abstract: Given the strong evidence for neurological alterations at the basis of drug dependence, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) represents an important tool in the clinical neuroscience of addiction. fMRI cue-reactivity paradigms represent an ideal platform to probe the involvement of neurobiological pathways subserving the reward/motivation system in addiction and potentially offer a translational mechanism by which interventions and behavioral predictions can be tested. Thus, this review summarizes the research that has applied fMRI cue-reactivity paradigms to the study of adult substance use disorder treatment responses. Studies utilizing fMRI cue-reactivity paradigms for the prediction of relapse and as a means to investigate psychosocial and pharmacological treatment effects on cue-elicited brain activation are presented within four primary categories of substances: alcohol, nicotine, cocaine and opioids. Lastly, suggestions for how to leverage fMRI technology to advance addiction science and treatment development are provided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Kelly E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Courtney
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Schacht
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Kent
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hutchison
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel J O
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Roche
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.|Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Lara A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Ray
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D003463:Cues; D059907:Functional Neuroimaging; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Addiction; cue reactivity; fMRI; medication development; substance use disorder; treatment