title: Testing the concurrent validity of a naturalistic upper extremity reaching task.
abstract: Point-to-point reaching has been widely used to study upper extremity motor control. We have been developing a naturalistic reaching task that adds tool manipulation and object transport to this established paradigm. The purpose of this study was to determine the concurrent validity of a naturalistic reaching task in a sample of healthy adults. This task was compared to the criterion measure of standard point-to-point reaching. Twenty-eight adults performed unconstrained out-and-back movements in three different directions relative to constant start location along midline using their nondominant arm. In the naturalistic task, participants manipulated a tool to transport objects sequentially between physical targets anchored to the planar workspace. In the standard task, participants moved a digital cursor sequentially between virtual targets, veridical to the planar workspace. In both tasks, the primary measure of performance was trial time, which indicated the time to complete 15 reaches (five cycles of three reaches/target). Two other comparator tasks were also designed to test concurrent validity when components of the naturalistic task were added to the standard task. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients indicated minimal relationship between the naturalistic and standard tasks due to differences in progressive task difficulty. Accounting for this yielded a moderate linear relationship, indicating concurrent validity. The comparator tasks were also related to both the standard and naturalistic task. Thus, the principles of motor control and learning that have been established by the wealth of point-to-point reaching studies can still be applied to the naturalistic task to a certain extent.
authors.affiliation: Motor Rehabilitation and Learning Laboratory, Utah State University, 7000 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA. sydney.schaefer@usu.edu.|Department of Physical Therapy, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA. sydney.schaefer@usu.edu.|The Center on Aging, University of Utah, 30 North 1900 East, AB193 SOM, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA. sydney.schaefer@usu.edu.
authors.forename: S Y
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-8419
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.affiliation: Motor Rehabilitation and Learning Laboratory, Utah State University, 7000 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Hengge
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Concurrent validity; Naturalistic; Reaching; Upper extremity