title: Myosin Id is required for planar cell polarity in ciliated tracheal and ependymal epithelial cells.
abstract: In wild type (WT) tracheal epithelial cells, ciliary basal bodies are oriented such that all cilia on the cell surface beat in the same upward direction. This precise alignment of basal bodies and, as a result, the ciliary axoneme, is termed rotational planar cell polarity (PCP). Rotational PCP in the multi-ciliated epithelial cells of the trachea is perturbed in rats lacking myosin Id (Myo1d). Myo1d is localized in the F-actin and basal body rich subapical cortex of the ciliated tracheal epithelial cell. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of Myo1d knock out (KO) trachea revealed that the unidirectional bending pattern is disrupted. Instead, cilia splay out in a disordered, often radial pattern. Measurement of the alignment axis of the central pair axonemal microtubules was much more variable in the KO, another indicator that rotational PCP is perturbed. The asymmetric localization of the PCP core protein Vangl1 is lost. Both the velocity and linearity of cilia-driven movement of beads above the tracheal mucosal surface was impaired in the Myo1d KO. Multi-ciliated brain ependymal epithelial cells exhibit a second form of PCP termed translational PCP in which basal bodies and attached cilia are clustered at the anterior side of the cell. The precise asymmetric clustering of cilia is disrupted in the ependymal cells of the Myo1d KO rat. While basal body clustering is maintained, left-right positioning of the clusters is lost.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Hegan
authors.affiliation: Transposagen Biopharmaceudicals, Lexington, Kentucky.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ostertag
authors.affiliation: Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Aron M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Geurts
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.|Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.|Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mooseker
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D054468:Axoneme / Q000502:physiology; D064652:Basal Bodies / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D016764:Cell Polarity; D002923:Cilia / Q000502:physiology; D004805:Ependyma / Q000502:physiology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007422:Intestines / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D024461:Myosin Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009218:Myosins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000502:physiology; D010641:Phenotype; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012399:Rotation; D014132:Trachea / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; C088340:Myo1c protein, rat; D024461:Myosin Type I; D009218:Myosins
keywords: basal body; cilia; rotational planar cell polarity; translational planar cell polarity