title: Accumulation patterns of Cr in Callitriche organs--qualitative and quantitative analysis.
abstract: The aims of this study were both the qualitative and quantitative analysis of chromium accumulation in the shoots of Callitriche cophocarpa. This globally distributed, submersed macrophyte exhibits outstanding Cr phytoremediation capacity in an aquatic environment. Cr was applied separately for 7 days at two stable forms as Cr(VI) and Cr(III), known from their diverse physicochemical properties and toxicities. The maps of Cr depositions in young leaves, mature leaves, and stems were obtained by micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (μXRF). The detailed analysis of XRF maps was done based on Image-Pro PLUS (Media Cybernetics) software. Cr was accumulated either in trichomes or vascular bundles in respect to the element speciation and the plant organ. The concentration of Cr significantly increased in the following order: Cr(VI) mature leaves < Cr(VI) young leaves = Cr(VI) stems < Cr(III) young leaves ≤ Cr(III) mature leaves ≤ Cr(III) stems. The observed differences in distribution and accumulation of Cr were correlated with the different reduction potential of Cr(VI) by particular plant organs. The reduction of Cr(VI) is considered the main detoxification mechanism of the highly toxic Cr(VI) form. The unique L-band electron resonance spectrometer (L-band EPR) was applied to follow the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in the studied material.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Kraków, al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Kraków, Poland. augustyn@ogr.ur.krakow.pl.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Augustynowicz
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Kraków, al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gajewski
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biotechnology and of Horticulture, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture in Kraków, al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kostecka-Gugała
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wróbel
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Kraków, al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kołton
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002857:Chromium / Q000032:analysis*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry; D010943:Plantago / Q000737:chemistry*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission
chemical_list: D002857:Chromium
keywords: Callitriche; Chromium; EPR; Macrophytes; Phytoremediation; XRF