title: Randomised controlled trial of the effect of long-term selenium supplementation on plasma cholesterol in an elderly Danish population.
abstract: Although cross-sectional studies have shown a positive association between Se and cholesterol concentrations, a recent randomised controlled trial in 501 elderly UK individuals of relatively low-Se status found that Se supplementation for 6 months lowered total plasma cholesterol. The Danish PRECISE (PREvention of Cancer by Intervention with Selenium) pilot study (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01819649) was a 5-year randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial with four groups (allocation ratio 1:1:1:1). Men and women aged 60-74 years (n 491) were randomised to 100 (n 124), 200 (n 122) or 300 (n 119) μg Se-enriched yeast or matching placebo-yeast tablets (n 126) daily for 5 years. A total of 468 participants continued the study for 6 months and 361 participants, equally distributed across treatment groups, continued for 5 years. Plasma samples were analysed for total and HDL-cholesterol and for total Se concentrations at baseline, 6 months and 5 years. The effect of different doses of Se supplementation on plasma lipid and Se concentrations was estimated by using linear mixed models. Plasma Se concentration increased significantly and dose-dependently in the intervention groups after 6 months and 5 years. Total cholesterol decreased significantly both in the intervention groups and in the placebo group after 6 months and 5 years, with small and nonsignificant differences in changes in plasma concentration of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol and total:HDL-cholesterol ratio between intervention and placebo groups. The effect of long-term supplementation with Se on plasma cholesterol concentrations or its sub-fractions did not differ significantly from placebo in this elderly population.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Oncology,Odense University Hospital,5000 Odense C,Denmark.
authors.forename: Frederik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cold
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism,Odense University Hospital,5000 Odense C,Denmark.
authors.forename: Kristian H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Winther
authors.affiliation: 3Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit,National Center for Epidemiology,Carlos III Institute of Health and Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP),28029 Madrid,Spain.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pastor-Barriuso
authors.affiliation: 4Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,University of Surrey,Guildford GU2 7XH,UK.
authors.forename: Margaret P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Rayman
authors.affiliation: 5Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, andWelch Center for Prevention,Epidemiology, and Clinical Research,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health,21205 Baltimore, MD,USA.
authors.forename: Eliseo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guallar
authors.affiliation: 6Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology,Odense University Hospital,5000 Odense C,Denmark.
authors.forename: Mads
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nybo
authors.affiliation: 4Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,University of Surrey,Guildford GU2 7XH,UK.
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.affiliation: 7Population Health Department,Luxembourg Institute of Health,Strassen,L-1445,Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Saverio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stranges
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Oncology,Odense University Hospital,5000 Odense C,Denmark.
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cold
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D058620:Elder Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D057194:Intention to Treat Analysis; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D012307:Risk Factors; D012643:Selenium / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D015002:Yeast, Dried / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D002784:Cholesterol; D012643:Selenium
keywords: CVD; Cholesterol; Lipids; PRECISE PREvention of Cancer by Intervention with Selenium; Randomised controlled trials; Selenium; Selenium supplementation; TFA 
                    trans-fatty acids