title: Modeling spontaneous activity across an excitable epithelium: Support for a coordination scenario of early neural evolution.
abstract: Internal coordination models hold that early nervous systems evolved in the first place to coordinate internal activity at a multicellular level, most notably the use of multicellular contractility as an effector for motility. A recent example of such a model, the skin brain thesis, suggests that excitable epithelia using chemical signaling are a potential candidate as a nervous system precursor. We developed a computational model and a measure for whole body coordination to investigate the coordinative properties of such excitable epithelia. Using this measure we show that excitable epithelia can spontaneously exhibit body-scale patterns of activation. Relevant factors determining the extent of patterning are the noise level for exocytosis, relative body dimensions, and body size. In smaller bodies whole-body coordination emerges from cellular excitability and bidirectional excitatory transmission alone. Our results show that basic internal coordination as proposed by the skin brain thesis could have arisen in this potential nervous system precursor, supporting that this configuration may have played a role as a proto-neural system and requires further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Theoretical Philosophy, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands ; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Oltman O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: de Wiljes
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ronald A J
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: van Elburg
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Johann Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Biehl
authors.affiliation: Department of Theoretical Philosophy, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Fred A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Keijzer
keywords: abstract model; excitable epithelia; internal coordination; nervous system evolution; nervous system precursors; skin brain thesis