title: Bilayered vascular graft derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells with biomimetic structure and function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We developed an aligned bi-layered vascular graft derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that recapitulates the cellular composition, orientation, and anti-inflammatory function of blood vessels.
  
  
  METHODS
  The luminal layer consisted of longitudinal-aligned nanofibrillar collagen containing primary endothelial cells (ECs) or iPSC-derived ECs (iPSC-ECs). The outer layer contained circumferentially oriented nanofibrillar collagen with primary smooth muscle cells (SMCs) or iPSC-derived SMCs(iPSC-SMCs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the aligned scaffolds, cells organized F-actin assembly within 8º from the direction of nanofibrils. When compared to randomly-oriented scaffolds, EC-seeded aligned scaffolds had significant reduced inflammatory response, based on adhesivity to monocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights the importance of anisotropic scaffolds in directing cell form and function, and has therapeutic significance as physiologically relevant blood vessels.
authors.affiliation: Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.|Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5407, USA.|Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
authors.forename: Karina H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.|Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95112, USA.
authors.forename: Prajakta A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Edwina S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Prachi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gujar
authors.affiliation: Cell Sciences Imaging Facility, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Lydia-M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Joubert
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Bertha
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.|Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5407, USA.|Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
authors.forename: Ngan F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D016880:Anisotropy; D032701:Biomimetics; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D007249:Inflammation; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000166:cytology; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry; D058017:Vascular Grafting / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D003094:Collagen
keywords: collagen; endothelial; extracellular matrix; iPSC; nanofibrillar; scaffolds; smooth muscle; stem cells; tissue engineering; vascular graft