title: Logistic Regression Analysis of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Conventional Ultrasound Characteristics of Sub-centimeter Thyroid Nodules.
abstract: The purpose of the study described here was to determine specific characteristics of thyroid microcarcinoma (TMC) and explore the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) combined with conventional ultrasound (US) in the diagnosis of TMC. Characteristics of 63 patients with TMC and 39 with benign sub-centimeter thyroid nodules were retrospectively analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent risk factors. Four variables were included in the logistic regression models: age, shape, blood flow distribution and enhancement pattern. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.919. With 0.113 selected as the cutoff value, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were 90.5%, 82.1%, 89.1%, 84.2% and 87.3%, respectively. Independent risk factors for TMC determined with the combination of CEUS and conventional US were age, shape, blood flow distribution and enhancement pattern. Age was negatively correlated with malignancy, whereas shape, blood flow distribution and enhancement pattern were positively correlated. The logistic regression model involving CEUS and conventional US was found to be effective in the diagnosis of sub-centimeter thyroid nodules.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Rui-Na
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. Electronic address: yuxinjiangxh@163.com.
authors.forename: Yu-Xin
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xing-Jian
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003287:Contrast Media; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010743:Phospholipids; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D010743:Phospholipids; C420843:contrast agent BR1; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride
keywords: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound; Logistic models; Thyroid microcarcinoma; Ultrasonography