title: The hydatidiform mole.
abstract: The hydatidiform mole (HM) is a placental pathology of androgenetic origin. Placental villi have an abnormal hyperproliferation event and hydropic degeneration. Three situations can be envisaged at its origin: 1. The destruction/expulsion of the female pronucleus at the time of fertilization by 1 or 2 spermatozoa with the former being followed by an endoreplication of the male pronucleus leading to a complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) 2. A triploid zygote (fertilization by 2 spermatozoa) leading to a partial hydatidiform mole (PHM) but can also lead to haploid and diploid clones. The diploid clone may produce a normal fetus while the haploid clone after endoreplication generates a CHM 3. A nutritional defect during the differentiation of the oocytes or the deterioration of the limited oxygen pressure during the first trimester of gestation may lead to the formation of a HM. In countries with poor medical health care system, moles (mainly the CHM) can become invasive or, in rare cases, lead to gestational choriocarcinomas.
authors.affiliation: a Unité 1197 INSERM, Stem cell-niches Interactions: Physiology , Tumors and Tissular Repair, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Bâtiment Lavoisier , Villejuif , France.|b University of Paris-Saclay , Saint-Aubin , France.
authors.forename: Jean-Jacques
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Candelier
mesh_terms: D003582:Cytogenetics; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006828:Hydatidiform Mole / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D011247:Pregnancy
keywords: choriocarcinoma; epigenetic; fertilization; hydatidiform mole; invasive mole; trophoblast