title: Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer in Females Using a Logit Model in Lahore, Pakistan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thyroid cancer (TC) is a more common endocrine malignancy in females and is a major cause of death in developing countries. Therefore the aim of this study was to explore possible risk factors of thyroid cancer in females of Pakistan.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study covered 232 females, including 127 (54.7%) cases and 105 (45.2%) controls, from the INMOL Hospital and Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. Different risk factors were explored by the descriptive and inferentially statistics. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for different risk factors were computed using logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed six risk factors, marital status, family history of thyroid cancer, iodine in the diet, oxidative stress, fast food and fried food, to demonstrate positive significant links to thyroid cancer (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of :2.152, 1.104-4.198; 2.630, 1.416-4.887; 2.391, 1.282-4.458; 4.115, 2.185-7.750; 3.656, 1.851-7.223; 2.357, 1.268-4.382; and 2.360, 1.199-4.643, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Oxidative stress, marital status, family history of cancer, fast food, use of iodine diet and fried food are the risk factors of thyroid cancer in females.
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan E-mail : fzmalik90@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Faiza
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Asif
authors.forename: Muhammad Riaz
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Arshia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Majid
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004032:Diet; D057140:Fast Foods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016015:Logistic Models; D017533:Marital Status; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007455:Iodine