title: Biological toxicity of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) against the luxCDABE-based bioluminescent bioreporter Escherichia coli 652T7.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological toxicity of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) using the constitutively bioluminescent luxCDABE-based bioreporter Escherichia coli 652T7. The effects of CNCs on E. c oli 652T7 biotoxicity were investigated at different CNC concentrations, reaction times, and IC50 values. CNC toxicity was also compared with and without ultrasonic dispersion to establish dispersibility effects. The results demonstrated that CNCs were not significantly toxic at concentrations at or below 250 mg/L. At concentrations higher than 300 mg/L, toxicity increased linearly as CNC concentrations increased up to 2000 mg/L. IC50 calculations demonstrated an increase in cytotoxicity as CNC exposure times increased, and elevated dispersibility of the CNCs were shown to increase cytotoxicity effects. These results suggest that CNCs can impact microbial populations if elevated concentration thresholds are met.
authors.affiliation: College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110866, China.|The Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
authors.forename: Liyu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: The Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arnholt
authors.affiliation: The Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ripp
authors.affiliation: The Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sayler
authors.affiliation: The Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
authors.forename: Siqun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
authors.forename: Chenghua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
authors.forename: Jingkuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA. zhuangjie@iae.ac.cn.|Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China. zhuangjie@iae.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhuang
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000633:toxicity*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D002482:Cellulose
keywords: Bioluminescence; Bioreporter; Cellulose nanocrystals; Lux; Toxicity