title: Trifocal Intraocular Lens Implantation to Treat Visual Demands in Various Distances Following Lens Removal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate visual and refractive outcomes after implantation of a trifocal intraocular lens (IOL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, nonrandomized noncomparative case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Germany. patient or study population: Twenty-seven patients (54 eyes) who had bilateral implantation of the AT LISA trifocal IOL (AT LISA tri839MP; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) pre-enrollment. Exclusion criteria were previous ocular surgeries excluding cataract surgery and refractive lens exchange, irregular corneal astigmatism of >1.5 diopter, and ocular pathologies or corneal abnormalities. Intervention or Observation Procedure(s): Postoperative examination at 1 and 3 months included manifest refraction; monocular and binocular uncorrected (UCVA) and distance-corrected (DCVA) visual acuity in 4 m, 80 cm, and 40 cm; slit-lamp examination; and tomography. At 3 months defocus testing, binocular contrast sensitivity (CS) under photopic and mesopic conditions, and a questionnaire on subjective quality of vision, optical phenomena, and spectacle independence were performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-months-postoperative monocular and binocular UCVA and DCVA in 4 m, 80 cm, and 40 cm (logMAR); defocus curve; CS; and quality-of-vision questionnaire results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean spherical equivalent was 0.05 ± 0.32 D 3 months postoperatively. Binocular UCVA at distance, intermediate, and near was -0.1 ± 0.1 logMAR, 0.0 ± 0.1 logMAR, and 0.0 ± 0.1 logMAR, respectively. Despite some optical phenomena, 92% of patients would choose the same IOL again.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evaluation of a trifocal IOL showed good VA (0.1 logMAR or better) at far, intermediate, and near distance; high patient satisfaction despite some optical phenomena; and high spectacle independence 3 months postoperatively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Electronic address: kohnen@em.uni-frankfurt.de.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kohnen
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Titke
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Böhm
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000368:Aged; D002386:Cataract / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity; D004215:Distance Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018918:Phacoemulsification; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D019591:Pseudophakia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000601:surgery*; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*