title: Lessons learned from the whole child and coordinated school health approaches.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The new Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model, designed to depict links between health and learning, is founded on concepts of coordinated school health (CSH) and a whole child approach to education.
  
  
  METHODS
  The existing literature, including scientific articles and key publications from national agencies and organizations, was reviewed and synthesized to describe (1) the historical context for CSH and a whole child approach, and (2) lessons learned from the implementation and evaluation of these approaches.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The literature revealed that interventions conducted in the context of CSH can improve health-related and academic outcomes, as well as policies, programs, or partnerships. Several structural elements and processes have proved useful for implementing CSH and a whole child approach in schools, including use of school health coordinators, school-level and district-level councils or teams; systematic assessment and planning; strong leadership and administrative support, particularly from school principals; integration of health-related goals into school improvement plans; and strong community collaborations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lessons learned from years of experience with CSH and the whole child approaches have applicability for developing a better understanding of the WSCC model as well as maximizing and documenting its potential for impacting both health and education outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, TB Prevention, Division of Adolescent Health, 1600 Clifton Road, MS: E-75, Atlanta, GA 30329. CRasberry@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Catherine N
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8256-6961
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Rasberry
authors.affiliation: ASCD, 1703 N. Beauregard Street, Alexandria, VA 22311-1714. sslade@ascd.org.
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Slade
authors.affiliation: Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Department of Applied Health Science, 1025 East Seventh St., SPH 116, Bloomington, IN 47405. dlohrman@indiana.edu.
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Lohrmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion, Education & Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Green Street, Room 534A, Columbia, SC 29208. RFValois@sc.edu.
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Valois
mesh_terms: D002487:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007373:Interinstitutional Relations; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D007857:Leadership; D017145:Models, Educational; D012572:School Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012574:Schools; D014481:United States
keywords: Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model; child health; coordinated school health; education outcomes; health outcomes; whole child