title: Posttranscriptional T cell gene regulation to limit Tfh cells and autoimmunity.
abstract: T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are crucial to induce protective extrafollicular and germinal center antibody responses against protein antigens. Over the last decade, control of Tfh cell numbers has emerged as an important regulatory checkpoint which, when perturbed, may lead to production of autoantibodies. Recent progress in understanding how Tfh cells are kept limiting has revealed an important role for posttranscriptional control of gene expression mediated by microRNAs such as miR-17 ∼ 92, miR-155 and miR-146a, and the RNA-binding proteins Roquin and Regnase. Additionally, T cell microRNAs dysregulated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus have been shown to influence processes such as DNA hypomethylation, IL-2 and CCL5 secretion, and Treg function, which contribute to autoantibody formation and tissue damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research and Centre for Personalised Immunology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; Department of Renal Medicine, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia; China Australia Centre for Personalised Immunology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, China and Australian National University, Australia. Electronic address: simon.jiang@anu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Simon H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: China Australia Centre for Personalised Immunology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, China and Australian National University, Australia; Joint Molecular Rheumatology Laboratory of the Institute of Health Sciences and Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research and Centre for Personalised Immunology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; China Australia Centre for Personalised Immunology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, China and Australian National University, Australia. Electronic address: carola.vinuesa@anu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Carola G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Vinuesa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000378:metabolism; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D018858:Germinal Center / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000276:immunology*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012260:Ribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D007376:Interleukin-2; D035683:MicroRNAs; C000592051:RC3H1 protein, human; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D012260:Ribonucleases; C510646:ZC3H12A protein, human