title: Ultra-performance liquid chromatographic separation of geometric isomers of carotenoids and antioxidant activities of 20 tomato cultivars and breeding lines.
abstract: All-trans-lutein, lycopene, β-carotene and their 22 cis-isomers in 20 tomato breeding were separated and identified by a rapid and sensitive UPLC method using a 1.7μm C18 column and a new gradient mobile phase based on methanol-MTBE-water in 15 min. All-trans-carotenoids were predominant, but 9-cis, 13-cis-lutein, 5-cis, 9-cis, 13-cis, 15-cis, di-cis-lycopene, 9-cis, 13-cis, 15-cis and di-cis-β-carotene were also found. The cis-isomers were identified using absorption around 330nm and the Q-ratio. The total antioxidant activities as evaluated by PCL and DPPH assays were found to correlate well with the total carotenoid content, but not with the individual carotenoid or its different isomers. This paper provides an efficient analytical method for obtaining a complete picture of carotenoids in tomatoes. It can be a valuable tool for plant breeders, food processors and researchers in developing designer tomatoes and tomato-products with unique carotenoid compositions, and functional properties.
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China; Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9.
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China. Electronic address: zeyuandeng@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Zeyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9.
authors.forename: Ronghua
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, 120 Main Street East, Ridgetown, Ontario, Canada N0P 2C0.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loewen
authors.affiliation: Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9. Electronic address: Rong.Cao@agr.gc.ca.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tsao
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants; D001947:Breeding; D002338:Carotenoids; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D007536:Isomerism; D000077276:Lycopene; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D019207:beta Carotene; D002338:Carotenoids; D000077276:Lycopene
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Carotenoid; Tomato; UPLC; cis-Isomers