title: Association of Height with Elevated Mortality Risk in ESRD: Variation by Race and Gender.
abstract: The association of adult height with mortality has been extensively investigated in the general population, but little is known about this relationship among dialysis patients. We explored the relationship between height and mortality in a retrospective cohort study of 1,171,842 adults who began dialysis in the United States from 1995 to 2008 and were followed until December 31, 2010. We evaluated height-mortality associations in sex-specific quintiles of increasing height (Q1-Q5) using multivariable Cox regression models adjusted for demographics, comorbid conditions, lifestyle and disability indicators, socioeconomic status, and body weight. For men, compared with the referent quintile (Q1 <167 cm), successive height quintiles had significantly increased hazard ratios (HRs [95% confidence interval]) for mortality: 1.04 (1.02-1.06), 1.08 (1.06-1.10), 1.12 (1.11-1.14), and 1.18 (1.16-1.20) for Q2-Q5, respectively. For women (referent Q1 <155 cm), HRs for mortality were 1.00 (0.99-1.02), 1.05 (1.03-1.06), 1.05 (1.03-1.07), and 1.08 (1.06-1.10) for Q2-Q5, respectively. However, stratification by race showed the pattern of association differed significantly by race (P<0.001 for interaction). For black men, unlike other race groups, height only associated with mortality in Q5, with an HR of 1.06 (1.02-1.09). For black women, HRs for mortality were 0.94 (0.91-0.97), 0.98 (0.95-1.02), 0.96 (0.93-0.99), and 0.99 (0.96-1.02) for Q2-Q5, respectively. These results indicate tallness is associated with higher mortality risks for adults starting dialysis, but this association did not extend to black patients.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Nephrology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; and.
authors.forename: Mohamed E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Elsayed
authors.affiliation: Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; and.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.affiliation: Departments of Nephrology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; and Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland Austin.stack@ul.ie.
authors.forename: Austin G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Stack
mesh_terms: D001827:Body Height; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044469:Racial Groups; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors
keywords: epidemiology and outcomes; kidney failure; mortality; renal dialysis