title: n-TiO2 and CdCl2 co-exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles and cadmium: Genomic, DNA and chromosomal damage evaluation in the marine fish European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax).
abstract: Due to the large production and growing use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (n-TiO2), their release in the marine environment and their potential interaction with existing toxic contaminants represent a growing concern for biota. Different end-points of genotoxicity were investigated in the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax exposed to n-TiO2 (1mgL(-1)) either alone and combined with CdCl2 (0.1mgL(-1)) for 7 days. DNA primary damage (comet assay), apoptotic cells (diffusion assay), occurrence of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities (cytome assay) were assessed in peripheral erythrocytes and genomic stability (random amplified polymorphism DNA-PCR, RAPD assay) in muscle tissue. Results showed that genome template stability was reduced after CdCl2 and n-TiO2 exposure. Exposure to n-TiO2 alone was responsible for chromosomal alteration but ineffective in terms of DNA damage; while the opposite was observed in CdCl2 exposed specimens. Co-exposure apparently prevents the chromosomal damage and leads to a partial recovery of the genome template stability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nigro
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernardeschi
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Costagliola
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Della Torre
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy. Electronic address: giada@biomed.unipi.it.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frenzilli
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guidi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lucchesi
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mottola
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santonastaso
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Scarcelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Monaci
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Corsi
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stingo
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rocco
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001492:Bass / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity; D019256:Cadmium Chloride / Q000633:toxicity; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000187:drug effects*; D020552:Comet Assay; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects*; D004249:DNA Damage; D016678:Genome / Q000187:drug effects*; D023281:Genomics; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium; C009495:titanium dioxide; D004247:DNA; D014025:Titanium; D019256:Cadmium Chloride
keywords: CdCl(2); DNA damage; Dicentrarchus labrax; Genotoxicity; Micronuclei; Nano-TiO(2)