title: Automated continuous quantitative measurement of proximal airways on dynamic ventilation CT: initial experience using an ex vivo porcine lung phantom.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of continuous quantitative measurement of the proximal airways, using dynamic ventilation computed tomography (CT) and our research software.
  
  
  METHODS
  A porcine lung that was removed during meat processing was ventilated inside a chest phantom by a negative pressure cylinder (eight times per minute). This chest phantom with imitated respiratory movement was scanned by a 320-row area-detector CT scanner for approximately 9 seconds as dynamic ventilatory scanning. Obtained volume data were reconstructed every 0.35 seconds (total 8.4 seconds with 24 frames) as three-dimensional images and stored in our research software. The software automatically traced a designated airway point in all frames and measured the cross-sectional luminal area and wall area percent (WA%). The cross-sectional luminal area and WA% of the trachea and right main bronchus (RMB) were measured for this study. Two radiologists evaluated the traceability of all measurable airway points of the trachea and RMB using a three-point scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was judged that the software satisfactorily traced airway points throughout the dynamic ventilation CT (mean score, 2.64 at the trachea and 2.84 at the RMB). From the maximum inspiratory frame to the maximum expiratory frame, the cross-sectional luminal area of the trachea decreased 17.7% and that of the RMB 29.0%, whereas the WA% of the trachea increased 6.6% and that of the RMB 11.1%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is feasible to measure airway dimensions automatically at designated points on dynamic ventilation CT using research software. This technique can be applied to various airway and obstructive diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuneo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Maho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsubakimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagatani
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Ohara General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Ohara General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakuma
authors.affiliation: CT Systems Division, Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation, Otawara, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsukagoshi
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Research and Development, Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation, Otawara, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inokawa
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Research and Development, Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation, Otawara, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimoto
authors.affiliation: Corporate Manufacturing Engineering Center, Toshiba Corporation, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Teramoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Sadayuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murayama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D056973:Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D007564:Japan; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012984:Software; D013552:Swine
keywords: COPD; airway; computed tomography; dynamic ventilation CT; luminal area; wall area percent