title: Particle- and Gaseous Emissions from an LNG Powered Ship.
abstract: Measurements of particle number and mass concentrations and number size distribution of particles from a ship running on liquefied natural gas (LNG) were made on-board a ship with dual-fuel engines installed. Today there is a large interest in LNG as a marine fuel, as a means to comply with sulfur and NOX regulations. Particles were studied in a wide size range together with measurements of other exhaust gases under different engine loads and different mixtures of LNG and marine gas oil. Results from these measurements show that emissions of particles, NOX, and CO2 are considerably lower for LNG compared to present marine fuel oils. Emitted particles were mainly of volatile character and mainly had diameters below 50 nm. Number size distribution for LNG showed a distinct peak at 9-10 nm and a part of a peak at diameter 6 nm and below. Emissions of total hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide are higher for LNG compared to present marine fuel oils, which points to the importance of considering the methane slip from combustion of LNG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Shipping and Marine Technology, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Department of Shipping and Marine Technology, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kent
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Salo
authors.affiliation: Department of Shipping and Marine Technology, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.|IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute , PO Box 5302, 400 14 Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fridell
mesh_terms: D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis; D005648:Fuel Oils; D005740:Gases; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis; D059206:Natural Gas; D010316:Particle Size; D012767:Ships; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005648:Fuel Oils; D005740:Gases; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D059206:Natural Gas; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D002248:Carbon Monoxide