title: Synthesis of Monodisperse Chitosan Nanoparticles and in Situ Drug Loading Using Active Microreactor.
abstract: Chitosan nanoparticles are promising drug delivery vehicles. However, the conventional method of unregulated mixing during ionic gelation limits their application because of heterogeneity in size and physicochemical properties. Therefore, a detailed theoretical analysis of conventional and active microreactor models was simulated. This led to design and fabrication of a polydimethylsiloxane microreactor with magnetic micro needles for the synthesis of monodisperse chitosan nanoparticles. Chitosan nanoparticles synthesized conventionally, using 0.5 mg/mL chitosan, were 250 ± 27 nm with +29.8 ± 8 mV charge. Using similar parameters, the microreactor yielded small size particles (154 ± 20 nm) at optimized flow rate of 400 μL/min. Further optimization at 0.4 mg/mL chitosan concentration yielded particles (130 ± 9 nm) with higher charge (+39.8 ± 5 mV). The well-controlled microreactor-based mixing generated highly monodisperse particles with tunable properties including antifungal drug entrapment (80%), release rate, and effective activity (MIC, 1 μg/mL) against Candida.
authors.affiliation: Nanobioscience, Agharkar Research Institute , GG Agarkar Road, Pune 411 004, India.
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kamat
authors.affiliation: Nanobioscience, Agharkar Research Institute , GG Agarkar Road, Pune 411 004, India.
authors.forename: Ila
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marathe
authors.affiliation: Nanobioscience, Agharkar Research Institute , GG Agarkar Road, Pune 411 004, India.
authors.forename: Vandana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ghormade
authors.affiliation: Nanobioscience, Agharkar Research Institute , GG Agarkar Road, Pune 411 004, India.
authors.forename: Dhananjay
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bodas
authors.affiliation: Nanobioscience, Agharkar Research Institute , GG Agarkar Road, Pune 411 004, India.
authors.forename: Kishore
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Paknikar
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D065546:Drug Liberation; D004705:Endocytosis; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008422:Materials Testing; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010316:Particle Size; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000666:Amphotericin B; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: active microreactor; antifungal activity; chitosan nanoparticles; drug loading; microneedle