title: In vitro subminimum inhibitory concentrations of macrolide antibiotics induce macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to investigate the inducing effect of subminimum inhibitory concentrations of macrolide antibiotics on Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) resistance to drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  One M. pneumoniae reference strain M129 (ATCC 29342) and 104 clinical isolates were incubated at 37C for 6-8 days. Genomic DNA of M. pneumoniae was extracted using TIANamp Bacteria DNA kit and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten sensitive isolates obtained from 104 M. pneumoniae clinical isolates were induced by subminimum inhibitory concentrations of macrolide antibiotics. Among them, three were found to possess mutations in L4 and L22 ribosomal proteins. Two cases carried simultaneously the C162A and A430G mutations of L4 and the T279C mutation of L22. In addition, one case had only the A209T mutation of L4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repeated in vitro exposure to subminimum inhibitory concentrations of macrolide antibiotics could induce selective mutations in ribosomal genes of M. pneumoniae clinical isolates that cause resistance to macrolide antibiotics. Hippokratia 2015, 19 (1): 57-62.
authors.affiliation: Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key, Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, P.R. China.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Shaoyang Medical College, Shaoyang City, Hunan Province, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key, Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, P.R. China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key, Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key, Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, P.R. China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key, Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, P.R. China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key, Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, P.R. China.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key, Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, P.R. China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
keywords: Macrolide resistance; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; subminimum inhibitory concentration