title: Increased Silent Brain Infarction Accompanied With High Prevalence of Diabetes and Dyslipidemia in Psychiatric Inpatients: A Cross-Sectional Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with schizophrenia have increased risk of atherosclerotic diseases. It is already known that lifestyle-related disorders and the use of antipsychotics are closely related with the progression of atherosclerosis in psychiatric patients. Stroke as well as coronary heart disease play an important role in the cause of death in Asia and Japan. Thus, we studied the prevalence of cerebrovascular disease in psychiatric inpatients in Japan using brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study was performed from January 2012 to December 2013. Study participants were 152 hospitalized patients (61 men and 91 women) in the Department of Psychiatry at Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa City, Japan. Mean ages were 50.0 and 57.1 years old for men and women, respectively. The diagnoses (DSM-IV-TR criteria) of participants were schizophrenia (69.1%), mood disorder (18.4%), and other mental disorders (12.5%). We checked physical status, metabolic status of glucose and lipid levels, and brain MRI within 1 week of admission.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study group showed a significantly high prevalence of diabetes and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterolemia in both sexes (n = 61 in men, n = 91 in women, P < .05). In the study group, serum fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels were significantly high (n = 152, P < .05), but serum HDL cholesterol and total cholesterol were significantly low in both sexes (n = 61 in men, n = 90 in women, P < .05), and triglycerides were low in men (n = 61, P < .05). Silent brain infarction was recognized at a higher rate (n = 98, P < .05) compared with healthy controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participants in this study had an increased ratio of silent brain infarction compared with Japanese healthy controls, accompanied with higher ratios of diabetes and low HDL cholesterol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine (Drs Kanzaki and Mimori) and Department of Biostatistics (Dr Takizawa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi City; Department of Psychiatry (Drs Uju, Sekine, Ishii, Yoshimi, Yasui, Yasukawa, Sato, Okamoto, Hisaoka, Miura, Kusanishi, Murakami, Nakano, Mizuta, Hayakawa, and Tsukada) and Department of Internal Medicine (Dr Mishima), Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa City; and Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba City (Dr Igarashi), Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuto
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanzaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine (Drs Kanzaki and Mimori) and Department of Biostatistics (Dr Takizawa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi City; Department of Psychiatry (Drs Uju, Sekine, Ishii, Yoshimi, Yasui, Yasukawa, Sato, Okamoto, Hisaoka, Miura, Kusanishi, Murakami, Nakano, Mizuta, Hayakawa, and Tsukada) and Department of Internal Medicine (Dr Mishima), Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa City; and Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba City (Dr Igarashi), Japan.
authors.forename: Yoriyasu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uju
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine (Drs Kanzaki and Mimori) and Department of Biostatistics (Dr Takizawa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi City; Department of Psychiatry (Drs Uju, Sekine, Ishii, Yoshimi, Yasui, Yasukawa, Sato, Okamoto, Hisaoka, Miura, Kusanishi, Murakami, Nakano, Mizuta, Hayakawa, and Tsukada) and Department of Internal Medicine (Dr Mishima), Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa City; and Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba City (Dr Igarashi), Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine (Drs Kanzaki and Mimori) and Department of Biostatistics (Dr Takizawa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi City; Department of Psychiatry (Drs Uju, Sekine, Ishii, Yoshimi, Yasui, Yasukawa, Sato, Okamoto, Hisaoka, Miura, Kusanishi, Murakami, Nakano, Mizuta, Hayakawa, and Tsukada) and Department of Internal Medicine (Dr Mishima), Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa City; and Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba City (Dr Igarashi), Japan.
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine (Drs Kanzaki and Mimori) and Department of Biostatistics (Dr Takizawa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi City; Department of Psychiatry (Drs Uju, Sekine, Ishii, Yoshimi, Yasui, Yasukawa, Sato, Okamoto, Hisaoka, Miura, Kusanishi, Murakami, Nakano, Mizuta, Hayakawa, and Tsukada) and Department of Internal Medicine (Dr Mishima), Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa City; and Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba City (Dr Igarashi), Japan.
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine (Drs Kanzaki and Mimori) and Department of Biostatistics (Dr Takizawa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi City; Department of Psychiatry (Drs Uju, Sekine, Ishii, Yoshimi, Yasui, Yasukawa, Sato, Okamoto, Hisaoka, Miura, Kusanishi, Murakami, Nakano, Mizuta, Hayakawa, and Tsukada) and Department of Internal Medicine (Dr Mishima), Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa City; and Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba City (Dr Igarashi), Japan.
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine (Drs Kanzaki and Mimori) and Department of Biostatistics (Dr Takizawa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi City; Department of Psychiatry (Drs Uju, Sekine, Ishii, Yoshimi, Yasui, Yasukawa, Sato, Okamoto, Hisaoka, Miura, Kusanishi, Murakami, Nakano, Mizuta, Hayakawa, and Tsukada) and Department of Internal Medicine (Dr Mishima), Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa City; and Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba City (Dr Igarashi), Japan.
authors.forename: Asuka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yasukawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine (Drs Kanzaki and Mimori) and Department of Biostatistics (Dr Takizawa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi City; Department of Psychiatry (Drs Uju, Sekine, Ishii, Yoshimi, Yasui, Yasukawa, Sato, Okamoto, Hisaoka, Miura, Kusanishi, Murakami, Nakano, Mizuta, Hayakawa, and Tsukada) and Department of Internal Medicine (Dr Mishima), Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa City; and Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba City (Dr Igarashi), Japan.
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine (Drs Kanzaki and Mimori) and Department of Biostatistics (Dr Takizawa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi City; Department of Psychiatry (Drs Uju, Sekine, Ishii, Yoshimi, Yasui, Yasukawa, Sato, Okamoto, Hisaoka, Miura, Kusanishi, Murakami, Nakano, Mizuta, Hayakawa, and Tsukada) and Department of Internal Medicine (Dr Mishima), Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa City; and Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba City (Dr Igarashi), Japan.
authors.forename: Seiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine (Drs Kanzaki and Mimori) and Department of Biostatistics (Dr Takizawa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi City; Department of Psychiatry (Drs Uju, Sekine, Ishii, Yoshimi, Yasui, Yasukawa, Sato, Okamoto, Hisaoka, Miura, Kusanishi, Murakami, Nakano, Mizuta, Hayakawa, and Tsukada) and Department of Internal Medicine (Dr Mishima), Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa City; and Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba City (Dr Igarashi), Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hisaoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine (Drs Kanzaki and Mimori) and Department of Biostatistics (Dr Takizawa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi City; Department of Psychiatry (Drs Uju, Sekine, Ishii, Yoshimi, Yasui, Yasukawa, Sato, Okamoto, Hisaoka, Miura, Kusanishi, Murakami, Nakano, Mizuta, Hayakawa, and Tsukada) and Department of Internal Medicine (Dr Mishima), Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa City; and Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba City (Dr Igarashi), Japan.
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine (Drs Kanzaki and Mimori) and Department of Biostatistics (Dr Takizawa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi City; Department of Psychiatry (Drs Uju, Sekine, Ishii, Yoshimi, Yasui, Yasukawa, Sato, Okamoto, Hisaoka, Miura, Kusanishi, Murakami, Nakano, Mizuta, Hayakawa, and Tsukada) and Department of Internal Medicine (Dr Mishima), Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa City; and Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba City (Dr Igarashi), Japan.
authors.forename: Shun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kusanishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine (Drs Kanzaki and Mimori) and Department of Biostatistics (Dr Takizawa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi City; Department of Psychiatry (Drs Uju, Sekine, Ishii, Yoshimi, Yasui, Yasukawa, Sato, Okamoto, Hisaoka, Miura, Kusanishi, Murakami, Nakano, Mizuta, Hayakawa, and Tsukada) and Department of Internal Medicine (Dr Mishima), Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa City; and Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba City (Dr Igarashi), Japan.
authors.forename: Kanako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine (Drs Kanzaki and Mimori) and Department of Biostatistics (Dr Takizawa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi City; Department of Psychiatry (Drs Uju, Sekine, Ishii, Yoshimi, Yasui, Yasukawa, Sato, Okamoto, Hisaoka, Miura, Kusanishi, Murakami, Nakano, Mizuta, Hayakawa, and Tsukada) and Department of Internal Medicine (Dr Mishima), Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa City; and Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba City (Dr Igarashi), Japan.
authors.forename: Chieko
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine (Drs Kanzaki and Mimori) and Department of Biostatistics (Dr Takizawa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi City; Department of Psychiatry (Drs Uju, Sekine, Ishii, Yoshimi, Yasui, Yasukawa, Sato, Okamoto, Hisaoka, Miura, Kusanishi, Murakami, Nakano, Mizuta, Hayakawa, and Tsukada) and Department of Internal Medicine (Dr Mishima), Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa City; and Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba City (Dr Igarashi), Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizuta
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine (Drs Kanzaki and Mimori) and Department of Biostatistics (Dr Takizawa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi City; Department of Psychiatry (Drs Uju, Sekine, Ishii, Yoshimi, Yasui, Yasukawa, Sato, Okamoto, Hisaoka, Miura, Kusanishi, Murakami, Nakano, Mizuta, Hayakawa, and Tsukada) and Department of Internal Medicine (Dr Mishima), Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa City; and Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba City (Dr Igarashi), Japan.
authors.forename: Seisuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mimori
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine (Drs Kanzaki and Mimori) and Department of Biostatistics (Dr Takizawa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi City; Department of Psychiatry (Drs Uju, Sekine, Ishii, Yoshimi, Yasui, Yasukawa, Sato, Okamoto, Hisaoka, Miura, Kusanishi, Murakami, Nakano, Mizuta, Hayakawa, and Tsukada) and Department of Internal Medicine (Dr Mishima), Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa City; and Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba City (Dr Igarashi), Japan.
authors.forename: Shunichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mishima
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine (Drs Kanzaki and Mimori) and Department of Biostatistics (Dr Takizawa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi City; Department of Psychiatry (Drs Uju, Sekine, Ishii, Yoshimi, Yasui, Yasukawa, Sato, Okamoto, Hisaoka, Miura, Kusanishi, Murakami, Nakano, Mizuta, Hayakawa, and Tsukada) and Department of Internal Medicine (Dr Mishima), Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa City; and Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba City (Dr Igarashi), Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine (Drs Kanzaki and Mimori) and Department of Biostatistics (Dr Takizawa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi City; Department of Psychiatry (Drs Uju, Sekine, Ishii, Yoshimi, Yasui, Yasukawa, Sato, Okamoto, Hisaoka, Miura, Kusanishi, Murakami, Nakano, Mizuta, Hayakawa, and Tsukada) and Department of Internal Medicine (Dr Mishima), Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa City; and Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba City (Dr Igarashi), Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takizawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine (Drs Kanzaki and Mimori) and Department of Biostatistics (Dr Takizawa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi City; Department of Psychiatry (Drs Uju, Sekine, Ishii, Yoshimi, Yasui, Yasukawa, Sato, Okamoto, Hisaoka, Miura, Kusanishi, Murakami, Nakano, Mizuta, Hayakawa, and Tsukada) and Department of Internal Medicine (Dr Mishima), Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa City; and Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba City (Dr Igarashi), Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine (Drs Kanzaki and Mimori) and Department of Biostatistics (Dr Takizawa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi City; Department of Psychiatry (Drs Uju, Sekine, Ishii, Yoshimi, Yasui, Yasukawa, Sato, Okamoto, Hisaoka, Miura, Kusanishi, Murakami, Nakano, Mizuta, Hayakawa, and Tsukada) and Department of Internal Medicine (Dr Mishima), Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa City; and Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba City (Dr Igarashi), Japan.
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsukada