title: Apolipoprotein C-III: From Pathophysiology to Pharmacology.
abstract: Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) has a critical role in the metabolism of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins (TRLs). Animal models lacking the APOC3 gene exhibit reduced plasma TG levels, whereas the overexpression of APOC3 leads to increased TG levels. In humans, loss-of-function mutations in APOC3 are associated with reduced plasma TG levels and reduced risk for ischemic vascular disease and coronary heart disease. Several hypolipidemic agents have been shown to reduce apoC-III, including fibrates and statins, and antisense technology aimed at inhibiting APOC3 mRNA to decrease the production of apoC-III is currently in Phase III of clinical development. Here, we review the pathophysiological role of apoC-III in TG metabolism and the evidence supporting this apolipoprotein as an emerging target for hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and associated cardiovascular disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Ospedale Bassini, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy. Electronic address: danilo.norata@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Giuseppe Danilo
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Norata
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Sotirios
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsimikas
authors.affiliation: Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Ospedale Bassini, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy; IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pirillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberico L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Catapano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053305:Apolipoprotein C-III / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism
chemical_list: D053305:Apolipoprotein C-III
keywords: Triglycerides; coronary heart disease; lipoprotein lipase; remnant lipoproteins