title: Sternal vibrations during head-out immersion: A preliminary demonstration of underwater wearable ballistocardiography.
abstract: Ballistocardiography (BCG) measures vibrations of the body caused by ejection of blood from the heart, and the root mean square (RMS) of BCG measured with a weighing scale trends with cardiac output. However, BCG underwater has not been studied. Head-to-foot BCG signals were recorded with an accelerometer on the sternum of three human subjects. The heartbeats were clearly visible in the signals recorded underwater, and the resting change in RMS BCG was +360 μg (+36%) from air to cold water immersion (27.8 °C) while standing. This is within the 32%-62% increase in cardiac output observed in previous head-out immersion studies.
authors.affiliation: Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Technology Square Research Building, 85 Fifth Street NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30308, USA andrew.wiens@gatech.edu, acarek3@gatech.edu, inan@gatech.edu.
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Wiens
authors.affiliation: Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Technology Square Research Building, 85 Fifth Street NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30308, USA andrew.wiens@gatech.edu, acarek3@gatech.edu, inan@gatech.edu.
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Carek
authors.affiliation: Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Technology Square Research Building, 85 Fifth Street NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30308, USA andrew.wiens@gatech.edu, acarek3@gatech.edu, inan@gatech.edu.
authors.forename: Omer T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Inan
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000328:Adult; D001450:Ballistocardiography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002302:Cardiac Output; D004867:Equipment Design; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007101:Immersion; D008297:Male; D009038:Motion; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013016:Sound; D013249:Sternum / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014732:Vibration; D014867:Water; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014867:Water