title: Silk scaffolds for musculoskeletal tissue engineering.
abstract: The musculoskeletal system, which includes bone, cartilage, tendon/ligament, and skeletal muscle, is becoming the targets for tissue engineering because of the high need for their repair and regeneration. Numerous factors would affect the use of musculoskeletal tissue engineering for tissue regeneration ranging from cells used for scaffold seeding to the manufacture and structures of materials. The essential function of the scaffolds is to convey growth factors as well as cells to the target site to aid the regeneration of the injury. Among the variety of biomaterials used in scaffold engineering, silk fibroin is recognized as an ideal material for its impressive cytocompatibility, slow biodegradability, and excellent mechanical properties. The current review describes the advances made in the fabrication of silk fibroin scaffolds with different forms such as films, particles, electrospun fibers, hydrogels, three-dimensional porous scaffolds, and their applications in the regeneration of musculoskeletal tissues.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Danyu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China haifengliu@buaa.edu.cn yubofan@buaa.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing 100176, People's Republic of China haifengliu@buaa.edu.cn yubofan@buaa.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yubo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D005349:Fibroins; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D009141:Musculoskeletal System; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: C482288:fibroin, silkworm; D005349:Fibroins
keywords: Silk fibroin; musculoskeletal tissue engineering; scaffold forms