title: Comparative analysis of redox and inflammatory properties of pristine nanomaterials and commonly used semiconductor manufacturing nano-abrasives.
abstract: Continued expansion of the nanotechnology industry has necessitated the self-assessment of manufacturing processes, specifically in regards to understanding the health related aspects following exposure to nanomaterials. There exists a growing concern over potential occupational exposure in the semiconductor industry where Al2O3, CeO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles are commonly featured as part of the chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) process. Chronic exposure to toxicants can result not only in acute cytotoxicity but also initiation of a chronic inflammatory state associated with diverse pathologies. In the current investigation, pristine nanoparticles and CMP slurry formulations of Al2O3, SiO2 and CeO2 were employed to assess their ability to induce cytotoxicity, inflammatory responses and reactive oxygen species in a mouse alveolar macrophage cell model. The pristine nanoparticles and slurries were not intrinsically cytotoxic and did not generate free radicals but were found to act as scavengers in the presence of an oxidant stimulant. Al2O3 and SiO2 nanoparticles increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines while pristine SiO2 nanoparticles induced generation of F2-Isoprostanes. In co-treatment studies, the pristine nanomaterials modulated the response to the inflammatory stimulant lipopolysaccharide. The studies have established that pristine nanoparticles and slurries do not impact the cells in a similar way indicating that they should not be used as slurry substitutes in toxicity evaluations. Further, we have defined how an alveolar cell line, which would likely be the first challenged upon nanomaterial aerosolization, responds to diverse mixtures of nanomaterials. Moreover, our findings reinforce the importance of using multiple analytic methods to define the redox state of the cell following exposure to commonly used industrial nanomaterials and toxicants.
authors.affiliation: SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, United States.
authors.forename: Nicole L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Flaherty
authors.affiliation: SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, United States.
authors.forename: Akshaya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chandrasekaran
authors.affiliation: SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, United States.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: del Pilar Sosa Peña
authors.affiliation: SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, United States.
authors.forename: Gary A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.affiliation: SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, United States.
authors.forename: Sara A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.affiliation: SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, United States.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Begley
authors.affiliation: SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, United States. Electronic address: jmelendez@sunypoly.edu.
authors.forename: J Andrés
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Melendez
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012666:Semiconductors; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D015237:Dinoprost
keywords: Al(2)O(3); Alveolar macrophage; CeO(2); Chemical mechanical planarization; Inflammation; Nanoparticle; Redox activity; SiO(2); Slurry