title: Validation of the lower urinary tract symptom score.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To develop and validate a lower urinary tract symptom score (LUTSS) as a measure of lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS) severity and a treatment outcome tool in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  An expert panel was convened to develop the LUTSS questionnaire. Content validity was achieved by obtaining subject and expert feedback from two prospective drafts. Subjects were divided into three groups: normal, LUTS and overactive bladder (OAB). Questionnaire was administered on two separate occasions within 1-2 weeks. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, discriminant validity, criterion validity and responsiveness to change were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The questionnaire contains 14 questions with answers scored on a 5-point Likert scale (0-4). It includes 9 storage, 4 voiding and 1 bother question. One hundred ninety-one patients completed it; 80 males and 111 females, mean age 65 years (range 22-91). Seventy-two had OAB, 91 LUTS without OAB and 28 were normal. Test-retest intraclass correlation was 0.96 and Cronbach's-□ was 0.77, indicating strong test-retest reliability and internal consistency, respectively. ANOVA and post-hoc bootstrap-generated adjustments showed significant differences between the three groups (p < 0.001), demonstrating discriminant validity. Responsiveness to change was exhibited by the significant decrease between preop and postop scores and a concurrent patient global impression of improvement (PGI-I) score indicative of symptomatic improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 14-question LUTSS is a validated questionnaire that assesses a full range of LUTS in men and women. The ordinal nature of the data with its highly specific description of symptoms makes it ideally suited as a nuanced and comprehensive symptom score and patient reported outcome (PRO) tool.
authors.affiliation: Weill Cornell College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Jerry G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Blaivas
authors.forename: Johnson F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Tsui
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mekel
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Benedon
authors.forename: Belinda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Fara M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Weinberger
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weedon
authors.forename: Jeffrey P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011469:Prostatic Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D063189:Symptom Assessment; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000175:diagnosis; D055815:Young Adult