title: Temperature and time variations during osteotomies performed with different piezosurgical devices: an in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this experimental in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of the piezoelectric device in temperature and time variations in standardized osteotomies performed with similar tip inserts in bovine bone blocks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two different piezosurgical devices were used the OE-F15(®) (Osada Inc., Los Angeles, California, USA) and the Surgybone(®) (Silfradent Inc., Sofia, Forli Cesena, Italy). Serrated inserts with similar geometry were coupled with each device (ST94 insert/test A and P0700 insert/test B). Osteotomies 10 mm long and 3 mm deep were performed in bone blocks resembling type II (dense) and type IV (soft) bone densities with and without irrigation. Thermal changes and time variations were recorded. The effects of bone density, irrigation, and device on temperature changes and time necessary to accomplish the osteotomies were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thermal analysis showed significant higher temperatures during piezosurgery osteotomies in hard bone without irrigation (P < 0.05). The type of piezosurgical device did not influence thermal variations (P > 0.05). Time analysis showed that the mean time values necessary to perform osteotomies were shorter in soft bone than in dense bone (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it may be concluded that the temperature increases more in piezosurgery osteotomies in dense bone without irrigation; the time to perform the osteotomy with piezosurgery is shorter in soft bone compared to hard bone; and the piezosurgical device have a minimal influence in the temperature and time variations when a similar tip design is used during piezosurgery osteotomies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Digital Technology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1721-0509
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Delgado-Ruiz
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sacks
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, Lecce, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palermo
authors.affiliation: San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Calvo-Guirado
authors.affiliation: San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perez-Albacete
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Romanos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000601:surgery; D002417:Cattle; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D061646:Operative Time; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D059745:Piezosurgery / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: osteotomy; piezosurgery; temperature changes; time of surgery