title: Genetic Alterations in Gliosarcoma and Giant Cell Glioblastoma.
abstract: The majority of glioblastomas develop rapidly with a short clinical history (primary glioblastoma IDH wild-type), whereas secondary glioblastomas progress from diffuse astrocytoma or anaplastic astrocytoma. IDH mutations are the genetic hallmark of secondary glioblastomas. Gliosarcomas and giant cell glioblastomas are rare histological glioblastoma variants, which usually develop rapidly. We determined the genetic patterns of 36 gliosarcomas and 19 giant cell glioblastomas. IDH1 and IDH2 mutations were absent in all 36 gliosarcomas and in 18 of 19 giant cell glioblastomas analyzed, indicating that they are histological variants of primary glioblastoma. Furthermore, LOH 10q (88%) and TERT promoter mutations (83%) were frequent in gliosarcomas. Copy number profiling using the 450k methylome array in 5 gliosarcomas revealed CDKN2A homozygous deletion (3 cases), trisomy chromosome 7 (2 cases), and monosomy chromosome 10 (2 cases). Giant cell glioblastomas had LOH 10q in 50% and LOH 19q in 42% of cases. ATRX loss was detected immunohistochemically in 19% of giant cell glioblastomas, but absent in 17 gliosarcomas. These and previous results suggest that gliosarcomas are a variant of, and genetically similar to, primary glioblastomas, except for a lack of EGFR amplification, while giant cell glioblastoma occupies a hybrid position between primary and secondary glioblastomas.
authors.affiliation: Section of Molecular Pathology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, F-69372, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Ji Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Section of Molecular Pathology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, F-69372, Lyon, France.|Department of Neurological Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.affiliation: Section of Molecular Pathology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, F-69372, Lyon, France.|Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan.
authors.forename: Naosuke
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nonoguchi
authors.affiliation: Section of Molecular Pathology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, F-69372, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Kaishi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Satomi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, and CCU Neuropathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Capper
authors.affiliation: Section of Molecular Pathology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, F-69372, Lyon, France.|Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pierscianek
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sure
authors.affiliation: Bordeaux Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5293, F-33076, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vital
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Munster, D-48149, Munster, Germany.
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Paulus
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mittelbronn
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Oncology and Anatomic Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Manila
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antonelli
authors.affiliation: Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kleihues
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Oncology and Anatomic Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161, Rome, Italy.|IRCCS Neuromed, I-86077, Pozzilli, Italy.
authors.forename: Felice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giangaspero
authors.affiliation: Section of Molecular Pathology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, F-69372, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohgaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000235:genetics*; D018316:Gliosarcoma / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation
keywords: 10q; 19q; IDH mutation; TERT mutation; giant cell glioblastoma; gliosarcoma