title: Neuroimmune pharmacological approaches.
abstract: Intestinal inflammation is a major health problem which impairs the quality of life, impacts mental health and is exacerbated by stress and psychiatric disturbances which, in turn, can affect disease prognosis and response to treatment. Accumulating evidence indicates that the immune system is an important interface between intestinal inflammation and the enteric, sensory, central and autonomic nervous systems. In addition, the neuroimmune interactions originating from the gastrointestinal tract are orchestrated by the gut microbiota. This article reviews some major insights into this complex homeostatic network that have been achieved during the past two years and attempts to put these advances into perspective with novel opportunities of pharmacological intervention.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010 Graz, Austria. Electronic address: peter.holzer@medunigraz.at.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Holzer
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Piyush
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Reichmann
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Aitak
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farzi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000378:metabolism; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000294:innervation* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D018847:Opioid Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D014630:Vagus Nerve; D000097629:Nociceptin
chemical_list: D002186:Cannabinoids; D018847:Opioid Peptides; D000097629:Nociceptin