title: Prostate-specific antigen screening and prostate cancer treatment in renal transplantation candidates: A survey of U.S. transplantation centers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal transplantation candidates are a highly screened population. There are currently no guidelines or consensus on prostate cancer (CaP) screening in these patients. In light of the recent United States Preventive Services Task Force recommendations against prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, we conducted a survey of transplantation surgeons to gain a better understanding of practice patterns among U.S. centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 14-question multiple-choice online survey was e-mailed to 195 U.S. renal transplantation centers. The questionnaire assessed CaP screening and treatment practices. The survey also evaluated characteristics of the respondent's institution. Descriptive statistics were used for each of the responses, and associations were made with program characterization using logistic or linear regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 90 surgeons responded, representing 65 of 195 programs (33% response rate). Overall, 89% of respondents reported routinely screening for CaP in renal transplantation candidates and 71% had set guidelines for PSA screening. The most common age to start PSA screening was 50 years (51%) and 79% of respondents reported no age limit to stop PSA screening. Definitive treatment of CaP was required before proceeding to transplantation in 45% of respondents. Active surveillance was a viable option in 67% of responders. Most respondents (73%) replied that the waiting time for eligibility after treatment depended on the CaP stage and risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although most programs have guidelines on PSA screening in renal transplantation candidates, there is still variation nationwide in screening and treatment practices. AS is a viable treatment option in most of the programs. Our results suggest a benefit of a consensus panel to recommend guidelines in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY. Electronic address: ggin@coh.org.
authors.forename: Greg E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Gin
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Jorge F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mehrazin
authors.affiliation: Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lerner
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Sfakianos
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Courtney K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: Cancer screening; Kidney transplantation; Prostate cancer; Prostate-specific antigen