title: Burden of fungal infections in Qatar.
abstract: Few estimates of fungal disease frequency have been attempted in the Middle East. We have estimated the burden of fungal infections in Qatar. The aim of the study was to compute and determine the burden of serious fungal infections, in an attempt to estimate fungal disease frequency, which has not previously been attempted in this country. Disease statistics were collected from the Microbiology laboratory database and from 2011 WHO statistics. The data are expressed per 100,000 populations. The reported cases of candidaemia rose to 288 with an estimated rate of 15.4/100,000. A real increase in the burden of candidaemia was found over that previously reported (12.9/100,000) for the years 2004-2009. Candida peritonitis was estimated in 8.02 cases/100,000 population. Recurrent (≥4 year(-1) ) vaginal infections affect at least 32,782 women with a rate of 3506/100,000 inhabitants. Severe asthma with fungal sensitisation affected 1486 people, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 1126 people and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis 176 people. Rhinosinusitis, mucormycosis and Fusarium infection occurred at rates of 2.31, 1.23, 1.86 cases/100,000 respectively. The estimated rate of invasive aspergillosis was very low (0.6/100,000). Low rates of Cryptococcus meningitis and Pneumocystis pneumonia are attributable to low HIV infection rates. In conclusion, fungal infections are increasingly reported, especially candidaemia. Surveillance and guidelines are needed to optimise care and management of common fungal infections. In addition, a fungal registry system needs development for surveillance.
authors.affiliation: Mycology Unit, Microbiology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Saad J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Taj-Aldeen
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Prem
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.affiliation: Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The National Aspergillosis Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Denning
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D001229:Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D002175:Candida; D058387:Candidemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D060585:Fusariosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D016919:Meningitis, Cryptococcal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009091:Mucormycosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D009181:Mycoses / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D055732:Pulmonary Aspergillosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D011780:Qatar / Q000453:epidemiology; D014627:Vaginitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Burden of fungal infections; Cryptococcus meningitis; Pneumocystis pneumonia; aspergillosis; candidiasis; mucormycosis