title: Association between basal metabolic function and bone metabolism in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diabetes is a risk factor for osteoporosis, and glycemic control is critical during osteoporosis treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, diabetic therapies have potentially adverse effects on bone metabolism. Additionally, biomarkers for bone metabolism are directly affected by drug therapies for osteoporosis. This study examined resting energy expenditure (REE) and respiratory quotient (RQ) as indices of bone metabolism in postmenopausal Japanese women with T2D.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six postmenopausal Japanese women with T2D were examined. Procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP, a fasting serum bone formation marker) and carboxy-terminal collagen cross-links-1 (CTX-1, a resorption marker) were evaluated, along with intact parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), urine microalbumin, motor nerve conduction velocity, sensory nerve conduction velocity, R-R interval, body composition, REE, RQ, and bone mineral density at the nondominant distal radius.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean T-score was low with high variance (-1.7 ± 1.6), and 18 patients (39%) met the criteria for osteoporosis. REE was positively correlated with body mass index (β = 0.517; r(2) = 0.250), serum calcium (β = 0.624; r(2) = 0.200), glycated hemoglobin A1C for the previous 6 mo (β = 0.395; r(2) = 0.137), and the serum P1NP/CTX-1 ratio (β = 0.380; r(2) = 0.144). RQ was positively correlated with serum 25(OH)D (β = 0.387; r(2) = 0.131).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The basal metabolic rate and diabetic pathophysiology are interrelated with bone turnover.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: mogatamd@dmc.twmu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Risa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ide
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takizawa
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mizuho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tamaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tetsuo
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Asako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchigata
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001481:Basal Metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D010455:Peptides / Q000097:blood; D017698:Postmenopause; D011347:Procollagen / Q000097:blood; D012119:Respiration; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002118:Calcium; D024042:Collagen Type I; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; D011347:Procollagen; D014807:Vitamin D; C052929:collagen type I trimeric cross-linked peptide; C047202:procollagen Type I N-terminal peptide; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: Bone metabolism; Diabetes; Menopause; Osteoporosis; Resting energy expenditure