title: Neuromodulation for cardiac arrhythmia.
abstract: The autonomic nervous system is known to play a significant role in the genesis and maintenance of arrhythmias. Neuromodulation, mostly designed to increase the parasympathetic tone and suppress the sympathetic tone, has become an emerging therapeutic strategy for the treatment of arrhythmias. Emerging therapeutic approaches include cervical vagal stimulation, transcutaneous auricular vagal stimulation, baroreceptor activation therapy spinal cord stimulation, ganglionated plexi ablation, renal sympathetic denervation, and left cardiac sympathetic denervation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The 6th People's Hospital (Southern), Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yuemei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Clinical Medicine Postdoctoral Scientific Research Station, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
authors.forename: Qina
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Heart Rhythm Institute and Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Electronic address: sunny-po@ouhsc.edu.
authors.forename: Sunny S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Po
mesh_terms: D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006321:Heart / Q000294:innervation*; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D062187:Spinal Cord Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D013562:Sympathectomy / Q000379:methods*; D055536:Vagus Nerve Stimulation / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Arrhythmia; Atrial fibrillation; Autonomic denervation; Autonomic nervous system; Neuromodulation; Ventricular fibrillation