title: Incorporation of Ca, P, and Si on bioactive coatings produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation: The role of electrolyte concentration and treatment duration.
abstract: The objectives of the present study were to produce bioactive coatings in solutions containing Ca, P, and Si by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) on commercially pure titanium, to investigate the influence of different electrolytes concentration and treatment duration on the produced anodic films and to evaluate biocompatibility properties. The anodic films were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and x-ray diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. The surface energy and roughness were also evaluated. PEO process parameters influenced the crystalline structure formation and surface topography of the anodic films. Higher Ca content produced larger porous (volcanolike appearance) and thicker oxide layers when compared to the lower content. Treatment duration did not produce any topography difference. The treatment modified the surface chemistry, producing an enriched oxide layer with bioactive elements in the form of phosphate compounds, which may be responsible for mimicking bone surface. In addition, a rough surface with increased surface energy was generated. Optimal spreading and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells was achieved by PEO treatment, demonstrating excellent biocompatibility of the surface. The main finding is that the biofunctionalization with higher Ca/P on Ti-surface can improve surface features, potentially considered as a candidate for dental implants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isabella da Silva Vieira
authors.initials: Ida S
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Technological Plasmas, Engineering College, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av Três de Março, 511, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18087-180, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nilson Cristino
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: da Cruz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics Gleb Wataghin, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-859, Brazil.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Landers
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Dentistry, 801 S Paulina, Chicago, Illinois 60612.
authors.forename: Judy Chia-Chun
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Ferraz
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Mesquita
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Dentistry, 801 S Paulina, Chicago, Illinois 60612.
authors.forename: Cortino
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sukotjo
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W Harrison, Chicago, Illinois 60612.
authors.forename: Mathew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valentim Adelino Ricardo
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Barão
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis*; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D012825:Silicon / Q000032:analysis*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D004573:Electrolytes; D010758:Phosphorus; D014025:Titanium; D002118:Calcium; D012825:Silicon