title: Celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity.
abstract: Celiac disease is a multisystem immune based disorder that is triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. The prevalence of celiac disease has risen in recent decades and is currently about 1% in most Western populations. The reason for this rise is unknown, although environmental factors related to the hygiene hypothesis are suspected. The pathophysiology of celiac disease involves both the innate and adaptive immune response to dietary gluten. Clinical features are diverse and include gastrointestinal symptoms, metabolic bone disease, infertility, and many other manifestations. Although a gluten-free diet is effective in most patients, this diet can be burdensome and can limit quality of life; consequently, non-dietary therapies are at various stages of development. This review also covers non-celiac gluten sensitivity. The pathophysiology of this clinical phenotype is poorly understood, but it is a cause of increasing interest in gluten-free diets in the general population.
authors.affiliation: Celiac Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lebwohl
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Pediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jonas F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ludvigsson
authors.affiliation: Celiac Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA PG11@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Peter H R
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D055050:Diet, Gluten-Free; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005983:Glutens / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D005983:Glutens