title: Molecular markers of amnestic mild cognitive impairment among Mexican Americans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mexican Americans face a significant health disparity when it comes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) as they present with higher rates of the disease and develop AD at an earlier age compared to other ethnic groups. Recent work identified a proteomic profile of AD among this population; however, no work to date has sought to examine the biological profile of pre-AD among Mexican Americans.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to identify an amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) proteomic profile among Mexican Americans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were analyzed from 284 Mexican American participants (aMCI, n = 73; normal controls, n = 211) from the Health & Aging Brain among Latino Elders study. Fasting serum samples were analyzed using a multi-plex biomarker assay platform. A biomarker profile was generated using random forest analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among aMCI cases, the biomarker profile was found to be largely inflammatory with the top three markers shown to include TNFα, IL10, and TARC. The overall diagnostic accuracy of the biomarkers in detecting aMCI was 96% (sensitivity = 0.82; specificity = 0.97). Inclusion of clinical variables with the selected biomarkers did not impact the overall detection accuracy (area under the curve = 0.96) but led to a slight improvement in specificity (specificity = 0.99) and decrease in sensitivity (sensitivity = 0.74).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The biomarker profile of aMCI was shown to be different from our previously generated AD profile among Mexican Americans, which was largely metabolic in nature. The findings implicate a possible interplay between inflammatory and metabolic processes and additional work is needed to further examine this.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.|Institute for Aging & Alzheimer's Disease Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Institute for Aging & Alzheimer's Disease Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.|Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Leigh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Institute for Aging & Alzheimer's Disease Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.|Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Sid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Bryant
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000208:ethnology; D019540:Area Under Curve; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020543:Proteome
keywords: Amnestic; Mexican American; biomarker; mild cognitive impairment