title: Mass spectrometric identification and toxicity assessment of degraded products of aflatoxin B1 and B2 by Corymbia citriodora aqueous extracts.
abstract: This study explores the detoxification potential of Corymbia citriodora plant extracts against aflatoxin B1 and B2 (AFB1; 100 μg L(-1) and AFB2; 50 μg L(-1)) in In vitro and In vivo assays. Detoxification was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by TLC and HPLC, respectively. The study was carried out by using different parameters of optimal temperature, pH and incubation time period. Results indicated that C. citriodora leaf extract(s) more effectively degrade AFB1 and AFB2 i.e. 95.21% and 92.95% respectively than C. citriodora branch extract, under optimized conditions. The structural elucidation of degraded toxin products was done by LCMS/MS analysis. Ten degraded products of AFB1 and AFB2 and their fragmentation pathways were proposed based on molecular formulas and MS/MS spectra. Toxicity of these degraded products was significantly reduced as compared to that of parent compounds because of the removal of double bond in the terminal furan ring. The biological toxicity of degraded toxin was further analyzed by brine shrimps bioassay, which showed that only 17.5% mortality in larvae was recorded as compared to untreated toxin where 92.5% mortality was observed after 96hr of incubation. Therefore, our finding suggests that C. citriodora leaf extract can be used as an effective tool for the detoxification of aflatoxins.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Wajiha
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Iram
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Tehmina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anjum
authors.affiliation: Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology &Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mazhar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghaffar
authors.affiliation: Quality Operating Laboratory (QOL), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mateen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abbas
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001156:Artemia / Q000187:drug effects; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D005506:Food Contamination; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D010936:Plant Extracts; C029753:aflatoxin B2; D016604:Aflatoxin B1