title: Identifying present challenges to reliable future transdermal drug delivery products.
abstract: Transdermal systems have become an accepted means of drug delivery, offering clinical benefits over other dosage forms. Although transdermal delivery has been very successful as a controlled release technology platform, there are a number of challenges that prevent this delivery route from achieving its fullest commercial potential. Additionally, beginning in 1997, transdermal drug delivery companies aligned with life science industries to deliver large molecules, peptides and proteins through the skin, which is difficult due to the skin barrier properties. A number of methods and technologies have been conceived to overcome the skin barrier. Among these are mechanical, chemical and thermal permeation enhancement techniques. These methods are briefly discussed as well as future directions for transdermal therapies.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas, Medical Branch, 700 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77551, USA.
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Giannos
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000639:trends*; D005079:Excipients; D006801:Humans; D012867:Skin / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients