title: Does metoclopramide exposure alter endometrial receptivity and decrease pregnancy rates?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of metoclopramide on endometrial receptivity with an immunohistochemical investigation of integrin β3 expression in pregnant rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, the pregnant mice administrated by different doses of metoclopramide were used to explore the effect of metoclopramide on embryo implantation, especially on the endometrial receptivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The statistical results showed that the number of implanted embryos was gradually declining along the increasing dose of metoclopramide. When the administrated dose of metoclopramide was 3 mg/kg per day, great changes were observed in the exposed uterine morphology and down-regulated integrin β3 were also found in high dose metoclopramide-exposed mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metoclopramide exposure, especially in high doses may alter endometrial receptivity by effecting integrin expression on decidual tissue which can decrease pregnancy rates. This drug should only be recommended for use during pregnancy when benefit outweighs the risk.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Umraniye Medical and Research Hospital , İstanbul , Turkey .
authors.forename: Yasemin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Çekmez
authors.affiliation: b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Ankara Medical and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey .
authors.forename: Vakkas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Korkmaz
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pathology , Medipol University Hospital , İstanbul , Turkey , and.
authors.forename: Aslı
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Çakır
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Umraniye Medical and Research Hospital , İstanbul , Turkey .
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Göçmen
authors.affiliation: b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Ankara Medical and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey .
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ergün
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Umraniye Medical and Research Hospital , İstanbul , Turkey .
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gülşen
authors.affiliation: d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Ankara Mevki Military Hospital , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Yasam K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Akpak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D039661:Integrin beta3 / Q000032:analysis; D008787:Metoclopramide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D039661:Integrin beta3; D008787:Metoclopramide
keywords: Abortion; decidua; integrin; metoclopramide; pregnancy