title: Temporal and Regional Expression of Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Peptide and Its Receptor in Spinal Cord Injured Rats.
abstract: Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in loss of movement, sensibility, and autonomic control at the level of the lesion and at lower parts of the body. Several experimental strategies have been used in attempts to increase endogenous mechanisms of neuroprotection, neuroplasticity, and repair, but with limited success. It is known that glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and its receptor (GIPR) can enhance synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and axonal outgrowth. However, their role in the injury has never been studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in expression levels of both GIP and GIPR in acute and chronic phases of SCI in rats. Following SCI (2 to 24 h after damage), the rat spinal cord showed a lesion in which the epicenter had a cavity with hemorrhage and necrosis. Furthermore, the lesion cavity also showed ballooned cells 14 and 28 days after injury. We found that SCI induced increases in GIPR expression in areas neighboring the site of injury at 6 h and 28 days after the injury. Moreover, higher GIP expression was observed in these regions on day 28. Neuronal projections from the injury epicenter showed an increase in GIP immunoreactivity 24 h and 14 and 28 days after SCI. Interestingly, GIP was also found in progenitor cells at the spinal cord canal 24 h after injury, whereas both GIP and GIPR were present in progenitor cells at the injury epicenter 14 days after in SCI animals. These results suggest that GIP and its receptor might be implicated with neurogenesis and the repair process after SCI.
authors.affiliation: 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) , Florianópolis, SC, Brazil .
authors.forename: Ana Beatriz W
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Marcos
authors.affiliation: 2 Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) , Florianópolis, SC, Brazil .
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Forner
authors.affiliation: 2 Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) , Florianópolis, SC, Brazil .
authors.forename: Alessandra C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.affiliation: 2 Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) , Florianópolis, SC, Brazil .
authors.forename: Eliziane S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Patrício
authors.affiliation: 3 Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil .
authors.forename: Julia R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.affiliation: 3 Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil .
authors.forename: Robson
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: 2 Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) , Florianópolis, SC, Brazil .
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Felix-Alves
authors.affiliation: 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) , Florianópolis, SC, Brazil .
authors.forename: Vilberto José
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: 2 Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) , Florianópolis, SC, Brazil .
authors.forename: Edinéia Lemos
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: de Andrade
authors.affiliation: 4 Departamento de Clínica Médica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina , PR, Brazil .
authors.forename: Tânia Longo
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Mazzuco
authors.affiliation: 2 Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) , Florianópolis, SC, Brazil .
authors.forename: João Batista
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Calixto
authors.affiliation: 3 Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil .
authors.forename: Claudia Pinto
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011964:Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D011964:Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; C041086:gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor
keywords: glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP); glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide receptor (GIPR); nestin-positive cells; spinal cord injury (SCI)