title: Correlation between postpartum depression and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: Single center study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the prevalence and correlates of the postpartum depression and premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred sixty six women were assessed around 10th to 14th days after delivery in Gangneung Asan Hospital, Korea, from September 2011 to March 2012. We checked their risk factors for postpartum depressive disorders using the Beck Depression Inventory and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder was evaluated retrospectively and was defined as having more than 5 of the following 10 symptoms: breast tenderness, bloating, headache, peripheral edema (hand and foot), depressive symptoms, anger, irritability, anxiety, oversensitivity, and exaggerated mood swings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence rate of postpartum depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ≥10 and Beck Depression Inventory ≥10 was 13.9% (23/166). We found statistical differences (P<0.01) between the postpartum depression group and the postpartum non-depression group in smoking history, past history of psychiatric problems, and level of marital satisfaction. The prevalence rate of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) was 9% (15/166) and among 23 women in the postpartum depression group, eight were determined to have premenstrual dysphoric disorder, yielding a prevalence rate of 34.8% (8/23). Among 143 women in the postpartum non-depression group, seven were determined to have PMS, yielding a prevalence rate of 4.9% (7/143). A correlation between postpartum depression and PMS was thus found (P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PMS appears to be associated with postpartum depression. This means that a hormone-related etiology appears to be one risk factor for postpartum depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Jae
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea.
authors.forename: Da-Hye
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea.
authors.forename: Woo-Seok
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea.
authors.forename: In-Ju
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Depression, postpartum; Premenstrual dysphoric disorder; Premenstrual syndrome