title: Linalool inhibits cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB activation.
abstract: Linalool, a natural compound that exists in the essential oils of several aromatic plants species, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effects of linalool on cigarette smoke (CS)-induced acute lung inflammation have not been reported. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of linalool on CS-induced acute lung inflammation in mice. Linalool was given i.p. to mice 2h before CS exposure daily for five consecutive days. The numbers of macrophages and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured. The production of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8 and MCP-1 were detected by ELISA. The expression of NF-κB was detected by Western blotting. Our results showed that treatment of linalool significantly attenuated CS-induced lung inflammation, coupled with inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells and TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8 and MCP-1 production. Meanwhile, treatment of linalool inhibited CS-induced lung MPO activity and pathological changes. Furthermore, linalool suppressed CS-induced NF-κB activation in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that linalool protected against CS-induced lung inflammation through inhibiting CS-induced NF-κB activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Hei Longjiang Province 150086, PR China.
authors.forename: Jianqun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Hei Longjiang Province 150086, PR China; Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Hei Longjiang Province 150081, PR China.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Hei Longjiang Province 150086, PR China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Hei Longjiang Province 150086, PR China.
authors.forename: Changfa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Hei Longjiang Province 150086, PR China.
authors.forename: Fenglin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Hei Longjiang Province 150086, PR China. Electronic address: xushidongwb@163.com.
authors.forename: Shidong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D018925:Chemokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D062789:Tobacco Products
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D039821:Monoterpenes; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012906:Smoke; C018584:linalool; D009195:Peroxidase
keywords: Cigarette smoke; Linalool; Lung inflammation; NF-κB