title: A rare case of trigeminal trophic syndrome with an extensive scalp, forehead, and upper eyelid ulceration in a patient with undiagnosed Alzheimer disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Trigeminal Trophic Syndrome (TTS) is a rare presentation of facial ulceration, which is characterized by the triad of anesthesia, paraesthesia, and damage of trigeminal sensory branches.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a unique case of TTS as an extensive forehead and scalp ulceration in a patient with undiagnosed Alzheimer disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment options for trigeminal trophic syndrome are limited and disappointing especially in older patients with dementia. Family education and behavioral modification therapies may be well tolerated option in this population.
authors.affiliation: Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. incelpinar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pinar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Incel Uysal
authors.forename: Refika Ferda
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Artuz
authors.forename: Basak Arslan
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Yalcin
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D057210:Delayed Diagnosis; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D005148:Facial Dermatoses / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009882:Ophthalmic Nerve / Q000293:injuries*; D012536:Scalp Dermatoses / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior; D012883:Skin Ulcer / Q000209:etiology*; D061221:Trigeminal Nerve Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*