title: Antioxidant treatment ameliorates experimental diabetes-induced depressive-like behaviour and reduces oxidative stress in brain and pancreas.
abstract: Studies have shown a relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and the development of major depressive disorder. Alterations in oxidative stress are associated with the pathophysiology of both diabetes mellitus and major depressive disorder. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and deferoxamine on behaviour and oxidative stress parameters in diabetic rats. To this aim, after induction of diabetes by a single dose of alloxan, Wistar rats were treated with N-acetylcysteine or deferoxamine for 14 days, and then depressive-like behaviour was evaluated. Oxidative stress parameters were assessed in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens and pancreas. Diabetic rats displayed depressive-like behaviour, and treatment with N-acetylcysteine reversed this alteration. Carbonyl protein levels were increased in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and pancreas of diabetic rats, and both N-acetylcysteine and deferoxamine reversed these alterations. Lipid damage was increased in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and pancreas; however, treatment with N-acetylcysteine or deferoxamine reversed lipid damage only in the hippocampus and pancreas. Superoxide dismutase activity was decreased in the amygdala, nucleus accumbens and pancreas of diabetic rats. In diabetic rats, there was a decrease in catalase enzyme activity in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, nucleus accumbens and pancreas, but an increase in the hippocampus. Treatment with antioxidants did not have an effect on the activity of antioxidant enzymes. In conclusion, animal model of diabetes produced depressive-like behaviour and oxidative stress in the brain and periphery. Treatment with antioxidants could be a viable alternative to treat behavioural and biochemical alterations induced by diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.|Center for Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Gislaine Z
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Réus
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Augusta B
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helena M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Abelaira
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Titus
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anelise S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Carlessi
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Beatriz I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Matias
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Livia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bruchchen
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Drielly
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Florentino
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andriele
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabricia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petronilho
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Saúde Coletiva, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciane B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Ceretta
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandra I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Zugno
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.|Center for Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quevedo
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003676:Deferoxamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017262:Siderophores / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D017262:Siderophores; D003676:Deferoxamine; D000111:Acetylcysteine
keywords: N-acetylcysteine; antioxidants; deferoxamine; diabetes; major depressive disorder; oxidative stress