title: Relationship between myostatin and irisin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a compensatory mechanism to an unfavourable metabolic state?
abstract: Myostatin and irisin are two myokines related to energy metabolism, acting on skeletal muscle and recently suggested on adipose tissue in mice. However, the exact role of these myokines in humans has not been fully established. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between serum levels of myostatin and irisin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and non-diabetic controls and to explore its links with metabolic parameters. Case-control study including 73 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 55 non-diabetic subjects as control group. Circulating myostatin and irisin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients showed significantly lower myostatin levels (p = 0.001) and higher irisin levels (p = 0.036) than controls. An inverse relationship was observed between myostatin and irisin levels (p = 0.002). Moreover, in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, after adjusting by confounder factors, myostatin was negatively related to fasting plasma glucose (p = 0.005) and to triglyceride levels (p = 0.028) while irisin showed a positive association with these variables (p = 0.017 and p = 0.006 respectively). A linear regression analysis showed that irisin and fasting plasma glucose levels were independently associated to myostatin levels and that myostatin and triglyceride levels were independently associated to irisin concentrations in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Our results suggest that serum levels of myostatin and irisin are related in patients with type 2 diabetes. Triglyceride and glucose levels could modulate myostatin and irisin concentrations as a compensatory mechanism to improve the metabolic state in these patients although further studies are needed to elucidate whether the action of these myokines represents an adaptative response.
authors.affiliation: Bone Metabolic Unit (RETICEF), Endocrinology Unit, Endocrinology Division, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs) de Granada, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Avda. Doctor Olóriz 16, 18012, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: García-Fontana
authors.affiliation: Bone Metabolic Unit (RETICEF), Endocrinology Unit, Endocrinology Division, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs) de Granada, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Avda. Doctor Olóriz 16, 18012, Granada, Spain.|Endocrinology Unit, Hospital General Universitario Rafael Méndez, Ctra. Nacional 340, Km. 589, 30817, Lorca, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Rebeca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reyes-García
authors.affiliation: Bone Metabolic Unit (RETICEF), Endocrinology Unit, Endocrinology Division, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs) de Granada, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Avda. Doctor Olóriz 16, 18012, Granada, Spain.|Proteomic Research Service, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs) de Granada, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Avda. Doctor Olóriz 16, 18012, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morales-Santana
authors.affiliation: Bone Metabolic Unit (RETICEF), Endocrinology Unit, Endocrinology Division, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs) de Granada, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Avda. Doctor Olóriz 16, 18012, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ávila-Rubio
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus de Teatinos, S/N, 29010, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Araceli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Garach
authors.affiliation: Bone Metabolic Unit (RETICEF), Endocrinology Unit, Endocrinology Division, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs) de Granada, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Avda. Doctor Olóriz 16, 18012, Granada, Spain.|Endocrinology Division, Hospital General de Ciudad Real, Calle del Obispo Rafael Torija, s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rozas-Moreno
authors.affiliation: Bone Metabolic Unit (RETICEF), Endocrinology Unit, Endocrinology Division, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs) de Granada, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Avda. Doctor Olóriz 16, 18012, Granada, Spain. mmt@mamuto.es.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Torres
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055435:Myostatin / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; C577593:FNDC5 protein, human; D005353:Fibronectins; C525911:MSTN protein, human; D055435:Myostatin; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Energy metabolism; Irisin; Myostatin; Type 2 diabetes mellitus