title: Glacial Acetic Acid Adverse Events: Case Reports and Review of the Literature.
abstract: Glacial acetic acid is a dangerous chemical that has been associated with several adverse drug events involving patients over recent years. When diluted to the proper concentration, acetic acid solutions have a variety of medicinal uses. Unfortunately, despite warnings, the improper dilution of concentrated glacial acetic acid has resulted in severe burns and other related morbidities. We report on 2 additional case reports of adverse drug events involving glacial acetic acid as well as a review of the literature. A summary of published case reports is provided, including the intended and actual concentration of glacial acetic acid involved, the indication for use, degree of exposure, and resultant outcome. Strategies that have been recommended to improve patient safety are summarized within the context of the key elements of the medication use process.
authors.affiliation: Hickory Hill Pharmacy , Helena, Arkansas.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Doles
authors.affiliation: Walgreens , Middletown, Kentucky.
authors.forename: Garrett
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wilkerson
authors.affiliation: The Mackenzie Group, LLC , Searcy, Arkansas.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.affiliation: Harding University College of Pharmacy , Searcy, Arkansas . Drs. Doles and Wilkerson and Ms. Morrison completed this work while serving as a doctor of pharmacy candidates at Harding University College of Pharmacy.
authors.forename: Rodney G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Richmond
keywords: adverse events; glacial acetic acid; medication errors