title: Comparative Effects of Vigorous-Intensity and Low-Intensity Blood Flow Restricted Cycle Training and Detraining on Muscle Mass, Strength, and Aerobic Capacity.
abstract: Traditional high-intensity aerobic training has been shown to improve muscle protein synthesis and aerobic capacity; however, recent research indicates that low-intensity aerobic training with blood flow restriction (BFR) may have similar effects. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of vigorous-intensity (VI) cycling vs. low-intensity cycling with BFR (LI-BFR) on muscle mass, strength, and aerobic capacity after training and subsequent detraining. Thirty-one physically active subjects were assigned to one of 3 groups: VI (n = 10, 60-70% heart rate reserve [HRR]), LI-BFR (n = 11, 30% HRR with BFR at 160-180 mm Hg), and no exercise control (n = 10, no exercise). Subjects in VI and LI-BFR cycled 3 times per week for 6 weeks (total 18 sessions). Body composition, muscle mass, strength, and aerobic capacity were measured pre, post, and after 3 weeks of detraining. A group × time interaction (p = 0.019) effect for both knee flexion and leg lean mass was found. For both VI and LI-BFR groups, knee flexion strength was significantly increased between pre and post (p = 0.024, p = 0.01) and between pre and 3 week-post (p = 0.039, p = 0.003), respectively. For the LI-BFR group, leg lean mass was significantly increased between pre and 3 week-post (p = 0.024) and between post and 3 week-post (p = 0.013). However, there were no significant differences between groups for any variables. The LI-BFR elicits an increase in the knee flexion muscle strength over time similar to the VI. An increase in the leg lean mass over time was seen in the LI-BFR, but not in VI and CON.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma; 2Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware; 3Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi; 4Department of Kinesiology, Texas Wesleyan University, Fort Worth, Texas; 5Division of Science, Lindenwood University Belleville, Belleville, Illinois; 6Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; and 7Department of Social Physical Education, Dongguk University, Gyeong Ju, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Daeyeol
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Harshvardhan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Jeremy P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Loenneke
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Thiebaud
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Fahs
authors.forename: Lindy M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Rossow
authors.forename: Kaelin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Dong-Il
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Debra A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bemben
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bemben
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D001823:Body Composition; D057191:Capacity Building; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology*; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*