title: Ultrashort echo (UTE) versus pointwise encoding time reduction with radial acquisition (PETRA) sequences at 3 Tesla for knee meniscus: A comparative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purposes of this study were to (1) correlate the ultrashort echo time (TE) signal intensity of the pointwise encoding time reduction with radial acquisition (PETRA) sequence with that of the ultrashort echo (UTE) sequence using in vivo meniscal ultrashort TE imaging of the knee with a 3-Tesla (3T) clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner and (2) compare the two ultrashort TE sequences in three groups of patients with normal, degenerated, and torn knee menisci.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following institutional review board approval, we analyzed 47 knee MRIs of 46 patients who presented with knee pain and underwent knee MRIs, including both the prototype 3D PETRA sequence knee MRI (TE: 70μs) and the prototype 3D UTE sequence (TE: 70 μs) using a 3T MRI scanner (MAGNETOM Trio, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). The study group was classified into three subgroups: (1) normal meniscus on conventional MRI, with no positive meniscus-related physical examination on medical records; (2) meniscal degeneration; and (3) meniscal tear. For quantitative assessment, the mean signal intensities inside user-drawn regions of interest (ROIs) for each image set were drawn on the medical menisci as well as on the bone marrow of medical femoral condyle. For statistical analyses, the Pearson correlation test was used for correlation of the ultrashort TE signal intensity on the UTE and the PETRA sequences, and one-way ANOVA with post-hoc analysis using the Scheffe test was conducted to compare groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The correlation test showed moderate correlation between the mean signal intensity values of the two ultrashort TE sequences (Pearson's coefficient: 0.4817; P<0.05; 95% CI: 0.3113-0.6221). The normalized mean signal intensity values were lower for patients with meniscal degeneration and tear on both the PETRA and the UTE images. The PETRA images showed the significantly difference between normal and tear groups and between degeneration and normal groups (P<0.05) whereas the UTE images showed significantly difference between normal and tear groups (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the PETRA sequence and the UTE sequence can visualize the short T2 tissue. We demonstrated that there was significantly lower signal intensity on the ultrashort TE UTE and the PETRA images of patients with meniscal tear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Medical Convergence Research Institute, and Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Han
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Medical Convergence Research Institute, and Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jss@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Jin-Suck
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.affiliation: Siemens AG, Healthcare Sector, Erlangen, Germany. Electronic address: david.grodzki@siemens.com.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grodzki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008592:Menisci, Tibial / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000473:pathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D000070600:Tibial Meniscus Injuries; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Knee; Magnetic resonance imaging; Meniscus; Ultrashort echo time