title: Determinants encoding fimbriae type 1 in fecal Escherichia coli are associated with increased frequency of bacteriocinogeny.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To screen whether E. coli strains encoding type 1 fimbriae, isolated from fecal microflora, produce bacteriocins more often relative to fimA-negative E. coli strains of similar origin.
  
  
  METHODS
  PCR assays were used to detect presence of genes encoding 30 bacteriocin determinants (23 colicin- and 7 microcin-encoding genes) and 18 virulence determinants in 579 E. coli strains of human and animal origin isolated from hospitals and animal facilities in the Czech and Slovak Republic. E. coli strains were also classified into phylogroups (A, B1, B2 and D).
  
  
  RESULTS
  fimA-negative E. coli strains (defined as those possessing none of the 18 tested virulence determinants) were compared to fimA-positive E. coli strains (possessing fimA as the only detected virulence determinant). Strains with identified bacteriocin genes were more commonly found among fimA-positive E. coli strains (35.6%) compared to fimA-negative E. coli strains (21.9%, p<0.01) and this was true for both colicin and microcin determinants (p=0.02 and p<0.01, respectively). In addition, an increased number of strains encoding colicin E1 were found among fimA-positive E. coli strains (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  fimA-positive E. coli strains produced bacteriocins (colicins and microcins) more often compared to fimA-negative strains of similar origin. Since type 1 fimbriae of E. coli have been shown to mediate adhesion to epithelial host cells and help colonize the intestines, bacteriocin synthesis appears to be an additional feature of colonizing E. coli strains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Building A6, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic. bstaud@med.muni.cz.
authors.forename: Barbora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Štaudová
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Building A6, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic. micenkova.lenka@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Micenková
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Building A6, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic. jbosak@med.muni.cz.
authors.forename: Juraj
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bosák
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1/3, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic. hrazdilovak@vfu.cz.|CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1/3, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic. hrazdilovak@vfu.cz.
authors.forename: Kristýna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hrazdilová
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1/3, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic. slaninkova@seznam.cz.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Slaninková
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty Hospital Brno, Jihlavská 20, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic. mvrba@fnbrno.cz.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vrba
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty Hospital Brno, Jihlavská 20, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic. asevcik@fnbrno.cz.
authors.forename: Alena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ševčíková
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Internal Medicine - Gastroenterology, Charles University in Praha, Faculty of Medicine at Hradec Kralové, University Teaching Hospital, Sokolská 581, Hradec Kralové, 500 05, Czech Republic. darina.kohoutova@seznam.cz.
authors.forename: Darina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kohoutová
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic. woznic@med.muni.cz.
authors.forename: Vladana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Woznicová
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Internal Medicine - Gastroenterology, Charles University in Praha, Faculty of Medicine at Hradec Kralové, University Teaching Hospital, Sokolská 581, Hradec Kralové, 500 05, Czech Republic. bures@lfhk.cuni.cz.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bureš
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Building A6, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic. dsmajs@med.muni.cz.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Šmajs
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001430:Bacteriocins / Q000235:genetics*; D018153:Czech Republic; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D010861:Fimbriae, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D018154:Slovakia; D013552:Swine; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001430:Bacteriocins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D037521:Virulence Factors