title: Genetic polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinases and protein levels in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a Mexican population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MMP1, MMP2, MMP9 and MMP12 genes and serum MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in smoking chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genotyping using real-time PCR in 330 smokers with COPD (COPD), 658 smokers without COPD (SNC) and 150 nonsmokers (NCNS), the analysis of samples used was χ(2) test. Using ELISA, the proteins were evaluated. Multiple comparisons were made by ANOVA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  rs243864 (OR: 7.44; 95% CI: 3.62-15.26) and rs11646643 (OR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.07-2.34) of the MMP-2 gene and rs3918253 (OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.08-2.71) of the MMP-9 gene, were associated with the risk of COPD. Serum MMP-2 level in the COPD group was lower compared with SNC (p < 0.05). Serum MMP-9 level was elevated in the COPD group compared with SNC (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polymorphisms in MMP2 and MMP9 but not in MMP1 and MMP12 are associated with the risk of COPD in the Mexican mestizo population.
authors.affiliation: Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco-Iztapalapa-Cuajimalpa, México DF, México.
authors.forename: Jazmín
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernández-Montoya
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, México DF, México.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pérez-Ramos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de investigación en fibrosis pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), México DF, México.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montaño
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación en Tabaquismo y EPOC, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), México DF, México.
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Venegas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación en Tabaquismo y EPOC, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), México DF, México.
authors.forename: Raúl H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Sansores
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio HLA, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), México DF, México.
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pérez-Rubio
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación en Tabaquismo y EPOC, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), México DF, México.
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Velázquez-Uncal
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio HLA, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), México DF, México.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Camarena
authors.affiliation: Departamento de investigación en fibrosis pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), México DF, México.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio HLA, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), México DF, México.
authors.forename: Ramcés
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Falfán-Valencia
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases
keywords: COPD; MMP2; MMP9; genetic susceptibility; polymorphisms