title: Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Chondrocytes.
abstract: Human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are relevant tools for modeling human skeletal development and disease, and represent a promising source of patient-specific cells for the regeneration of skeletal tissue, such as articular cartilage. Devising efficient and reproducible strategies, which closely mimic the physiological chondrogenic differentiation process, will be necessary to generate functional chondrocytes from human iPS cells. Our previous study demonstrated the generation of chondrogenically committed human iPS cells via the enrichment of a mesenchymal-like progenitor population, application of appropriate high-density culture conditions, and stimulation with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (Bmp-2). The differentiated iPS cells showed temporal expression of cartilage genes and the accumulation of a cartilaginous extracellular matrix in vitro. In this chapter, we provide detailed methodologies for the differentiation of human iPS cells to the chondrogenic lineage and describe protocols for the analysis of chondrogenic differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MC4037, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA. guzzo@uchc.edu.|Stem Cell Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA. guzzo@uchc.edu.
authors.forename: Rosa M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Guzzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MC4037, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.|Stem Cell Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.|Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Hicham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Drissi
mesh_terms: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D002356:Cartilage / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010641:Phenotype; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2
keywords: Bmp-2; Chondrogenic differentiation; Human induced pluripotent stem cells; Mesenchymal-like progenitor stem cells; Micromass culture