title: Increased serum gamma-glutamyltransferase levels are associated with ventricular instability in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: The purpose of our study is to examine the association between serum GGT levels and ventricular instability in Chinese patients with T2DM. We conducted a cross-sectional, community-based study in Nanjing, China from June to November 2011. Among 10,050 patients aged 40-79 years, we enrolled 2444 with pre-diabetes, 2496 with T2DM, and 4521 without diabetes (non-diabetes). Electrocardiograms were performed to measure the QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc) and QT interval dispersion (QTd). Serum GGT levels, metabolic parameters, body mass index, and blood pressure were also measured. We found that there were no significant associations of increased QTc/QTd with serum GGT levels in participants with pre-existing T2DM and non-diabetes, after adjusting for age, duration of diabetes, and metabolic parameters. Even after adjustment, higher risks of QTc ≥ 440 ms/√s and QTd ≥ 58 ms were found in participants with serum GGT levels ≥49 U/L compared with those with <15 U/L in the pre-diabetes (QTc: OR 1.96, 95 % CI 1.23-2.47; QTd: OR 1.34, 95 % CI 1.07-1.94) and newly diagnosed T2DM (QTc: OR 2.01, 95 % CI 1.39-2.51; QTd: OR 1.53, 95 % CI 1.03-1.99) groups. We conclude that Increased serum GGT levels are associated with some markers of ventricular repolarization abnormalities in the early stage of T2DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87, Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, 185, Juqian Road, Changzhou, 213003, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, China.
authors.forename: Danyu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, China.
authors.forename: Zhoujun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, China.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, China. profliuchao@163.com.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D018754:Ventricular Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase
keywords: Corrected QT interval (QTc); Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT); QT dispersion (QTd); Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); Ventricular instability