title: Analysis of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine in urine samples of hospital patients by micellar liquid chromatography.
abstract: An analytical method based on micellar liquid chromatography was developed to determine the concentration of three catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine) in urine. The detection of these compounds in urine can be useful to diagnose several diseases, related to stress and sympathoadrenal system dysfunction, using a non-invasive collection procedure. The sample pretreatment was a simple dilution in a micellar solution, filtration, and direct injection, thus avoiding time-consuming and tedious extraction steps. Therefore, there is no need to use an internal standard. The three catecholamines were eluted using a C18 column and a mobile phase of 0.055 M sodium dodecyl sulfate-1.5% methanol buffered at pH 3.8 running at 1.5 mL/min under isocratic mode in less than 25 min. The detection was performed by amperometry applying a constant potential of +0.5 V. The procedure was validated following the guidelines of the European Medicines Agency in terms of the following: calibration range (0.09-5 μg/mL), linearity (r(2) > 0.9995), limit of detection (0.02 μg/mL), within- and between-run accuracy (-6.5 to +8.4%) and precision (<10.2%), dilution integrity, matrix effect, robustness (<8.4), and stability. The obtained values were below those required by the guide. The method was rapid, easy-to-handle, eco-friendly, and safe and provides reliable quantitative data, and is thus useful for routine analysis. The procedure was applied to the analysis of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine in urine samples from patients of a local hospital.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Provincial de Castellón, Av/ Doctor Clara 19, 12002, Castelló, Spain.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: García Ferrer
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Comarcal de Vinaroz, Av/ Gil de Atrocillo s/n, 12500, Vinaroz, Spain.
authors.forename: Aurelio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García García
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Campus del Riu Sec, University Jaume I, Av/Sos Banyat s/n, 12071, Castelló, Spain. vicentej@qfa.uji.es.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peris-Vicente
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Doctor Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: José Vicente
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Gimeno-Adelantado
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Campus del Riu Sec, University Jaume I, Av/Sos Banyat s/n, 12071, Castelló, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Esteve-Romero
mesh_terms: D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000652:urine*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000652:urine*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000652:urine*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000652:urine*; D010673:Pheochromocytoma / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D004298:Dopamine; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine
keywords: Catecholamine; Direct injection; Micellar; Urine; Validation