title: Increased production of plumbagin in Plumbago indica root cultures by biotic and abiotic elicitors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of 12 biotic and abiotic elicitors for increasing the production of plumbagin in Plumbago indica root cultures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most elicitors showed minimal effects on the root dry weight, except for 250 mg chitosan l(-1) and 10 mM L-alanine that markedly decreased root biomass by about 40 % compared to the untreated root cultures (5 g l(-1)). Treatments with 100 µM AgNO3 significantly increased intracellular plumbagin production by up to 7.6 mg g(-1) DW that was 4-fold more than the untreated root cultures (1.9 mg g(-1) DW). In contrast, treatments with 150 mg chitosan l(-1), 5 mM L-alanine, and 50 µM 1-naphthol significantly enhanced the extracellular secretion of plumbagin by up to 10.6, 6.9, and 5.7 mg g(-1) DW, respectively, and increased the overall production of plumbagin by up to 12.5, 12.5, and 9.4 mg g(-1) DW, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chitosan (150 mg l(-1)), L-alanine (5 mM), and 1-naphthol (50 µM) were the best elicitors to enhance plumbagin production in P. indica root cultures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jaisi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand. pharkphoom.p@psu.ac.th.|Excellent Research Laboratory, Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand. pharkphoom.p@psu.ac.th.
authors.forename: Pharkphoom
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Panichayupakaranant
mesh_terms: D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000378:metabolism*; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000378:metabolism*; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D029606:Plumbaginaceae / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D009285:Naphthoquinones; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; C014758:plumbagin
keywords: 1-Napthol; Chitosan; Elicitation; L-Alanine; Plumbagin; Plumbago indica; Silver nitrate