title: Pain and Mortality Risk in a Cohort of HIV-Infected Persons with Alcohol Use Disorders.
abstract: Pain has been associated with increased risk for mortality in some studies. We analyzed data from a cohort study [HIV-longitudinal interrelationships of viruses and ethanol (HIV-LIVE)] of HIV-infected persons with alcohol use disorders enrolled 2001-2003 to explore whether reporting moderate or greater pain interference was associated with mortality. The main independent variable was pain that at least moderately interfered with work based on a single question from the SF-12. Primary analyses dichotomized at "moderately" or above. Cox proportional hazards models assessed the association between pain interference and death adjusting for demographics, substance use, CD4 count, HIV viral load and co-morbidities. Although significant in unadjusted models (HR = 1.58 (95 % CI 1.03-2.41; p value = 0.04)), after adjusting for confounders, ≥moderate pain interference was not associated with an increased risk of death [aHR = 1.30 (95 % CI 0.81-2.11, p value = 0.28)]. Among HIV-infected persons with alcohol use disorders, we did not detect a statistically significant independent association between pain interference and risk of death after adjustment for potential confounders.
authors.affiliation: Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine and Harborview Hospital, 401 Broadway, 5th Floor, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA. tsuij@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Judith I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Tsui
authors.affiliation: Clinical Addiction Research and Education (CARE) Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Debbie M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.affiliation: Clinical Addiction Research and Education (CARE) Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Carly
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bridden
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Merlin
authors.affiliation: Clinical Addiction Research and Education (CARE) Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saitz
authors.affiliation: Clinical Addiction Research and Education (CARE) Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Samet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000523:psychology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications
keywords: HIV; Mortality; Pain; Symptoms