title: A fully integrated standalone portable cavity ringdown breath acetone analyzer.
abstract: Breath analysis is a promising new technique for nonintrusive disease diagnosis and metabolic status monitoring. One challenging issue in using a breath biomarker for potential particular disease screening is to find a quantitative relationship between the concentration of the breath biomarker and clinical diagnostic parameters of the specific disease. In order to address this issue, we need a new instrument that is capable of conducting real-time, online breath analysis with high data throughput, so that a large scale of clinical test (more subjects) can be achieved in a short period of time. In this work, we report a fully integrated, standalone, portable analyzer based on the cavity ringdown spectroscopy technique for near-real time, online breath acetone measurements. The performance of the portable analyzer in measurements of breath acetone was interrogated and validated by using the certificated gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results show that this new analyzer is useful for reliable online (online introduction of a breath sample without pre-treatment) breath acetone analysis with high sensitivity (57 ppb) and high data throughput (one data per second). Subsequently, the validated breath analyzer was employed for acetone measurements in 119 human subjects under various situations. The instrument design, packaging, specifications, and future improvements were also described. From an optical ringdown cavity operated by the lab-set electronics reported previously to this fully integrated standalone new instrument, we have enabled a new scientific tool suited for large scales of breath acetone analysis and created an instrument platform that can even be adopted for study of other breath biomarkers by using different lasers and ringdown mirrors covering corresponding spectral fingerprints.
authors.affiliation: Laser Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
authors.forename: Meixiu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Laser Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
authors.forename: Chenyu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Laser Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Laser Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
authors.forename: Xiaomeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Laser Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
authors.forename: Zhuying
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Laser Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
authors.forename: Zhennan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laser Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
authors.forename: Meiling
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Laser Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
authors.forename: Yingxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Laser Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
authors.forename: Chuji
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000032:analysis*; D000465:Algorithms; D001944:Breath Tests / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D057230:Limit of Detection; D016014:Linear Models; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000096:Acetone