title: A Reduction Grade of Lipodystrophy and Limited Side Effects after HAART Regimen with Raltegravir, Lamivudine, Darunavir and Ritonavir in an HIV-1 Infected Patient after Six Years of Antiretroviral Therapy.
abstract: HIV-associated lipodystrophy commonly presents with fat loss in the face, buttocks, arms and legs, hypocomplementaemia, glomerulonephritis, and autoimmune disorders. The exact mechanism of HIV-associated lipodystrophy is not fully elucidated. There is evidence indicating that it can be caused by both antiretroviral medications and HIV infection in the absence of antiretroviral medication. Lipodystrophy seems to be mainly due to HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Interference with lipid metabolism is postulated as pathophysiology. Also, the development of lipodystrophy is associated with specific nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI). Mitochondrial toxicity is postulated to be involved in the pathogenesis associated with NRTI. Here, we analyse the side effects and examine the impact of the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen including raltegravir, lamivudine, darunavir and ritonavir in an HIV-1 infected patient with severe lipodystrophy after six years of antiretroviral therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Degli Antoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Santa, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy. Liliana.weimer@iss.it.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Weimer
authors.affiliation: Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Santà, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fragola
authors.affiliation: Institute of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giacometti
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale Civile di Pescara, Pescara, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sozio