title: Overexpression of SOS genes in ciprofloxacin resistant Escherichia coli mutants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fluoroquinolones are important antibiotics for the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli. Mutational studies have shown that ciprofloxacin, a member of fluoroquinolones induces SOS response and mutagenesis in pathogenic bacteria which in turn develop antibiotic resistance. However, inhibition of SOS response can increase recombination activity which in turn leads to genetic variation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to measure 5 SOS genes expressions in nine E. coli mutants with different MICs for ciprofloxacin following exposure to ciprofloxacin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gene expression was assessed by quantitative real time PCR. Gene alteration assessment was conducted by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that the expression of recA was increased in 5 mutants. This overexpression is not related to gene alteration, and enhances the expression of polB and umuCD genes encoding nonmutagenic and mutagenic polymerases, respectively. The direct relationship between the level of SOS expression and the level of resistance to ciprofloxacin was also indicated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that novel therapeutic strategy that inhibits RecA activity would enhance the efficiency of common antibiotics against pathogenic bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Genetics at Faculty of Science, Biotechnology Center, University of Shahrekord, Iran. Electronic address: Razieh_Jaktaji@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Razieh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pourahmad Jaktaji
authors.affiliation: Genetics, University of Shahrekord, Iran. Electronic address: pasandshirin@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Shirin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pasand
mesh_terms: D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D009154:Mutation; D013014:SOS Response, Genetics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D002939:Ciprofloxacin
keywords: Ciprofloxacin; Mutagenesis; RecA; SOS response