title: Validation of the Dutch version of the quick mild cognitive impairment screen (Qmci-D).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Differentiating mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from dementia is important, as treatment options differ. There are few short (<5 min) but accurate screening tools that discriminate between MCI, normal cognition (NC) and dementia, in the Dutch language. The Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment (Qmci) screen is sensitive and specific in differentiating MCI from NC and mild dementia. Given this, we adapted the Qmci for use in Dutch-language countries and validated the Dutch version, the Qmci-D, against the Dutch translation of the Standardised Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE-D).
  
  
  METHODS
  The Qmci was translated into Dutch with a combined qualitative and quantitative approach. In all, 90 participants were recruited from a hospital geriatric clinic (25 with dementia, 30 with MCI, 35 with NC). The Qmci-D and SMMSE-D were administered sequentially but randomly by the same trained rater, blind to the diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Qmci-D was more sensitive than the SMMSE-D in discriminating MCI from dementia, with a significant difference in the area under the curve (AUC), 0.73 compared to 0.60 (p = 0.024), respectively, and in discriminating dementia from NC, with an AUC of 0.95 compared to 0.89 (p = 0.006). Both screening instruments discriminated MCI from NC with an AUC of 0.86 (Qmci-D) and 0.84 (SMMSE-D).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Qmci-D shows similar,(good) accuracy as the SMMSE-D in separating NC from MCI; greater,(albeit fair), accuracy differentiating MCI from dementia, and significantly greater accuracy in separating dementia from NC. Given its brevity and ease of administration, the Qmci-D seems a useful cognitive screen in a Dutch population. Further study with a suitably powered sample against more sensitive screens is now required.
authors.affiliation: Research group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Eyssoniusplein 18, P.O. Box 30030, 9700, RM, Groningen, The Netherlands. s.bunt@pl.hanze.nl.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bunt
authors.affiliation: Centre for Gerontology and Rehabilitation, University College Cork, St Finbarrs Hospital, Douglas Road, Cork City, Ireland. rocaoimh@hotmail.com.|Health Research Board, Clinical Research Facility Galway, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland. rocaoimh@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Rónán
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: O'Caoimh
authors.affiliation: Research group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Eyssoniusplein 18, P.O. Box 30030, 9700, RM, Groningen, The Netherlands. w.p.krijnen@pl.hanze.nl.
authors.forename: Wim P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Krijnen
authors.affiliation: Centre for Gerontology and Rehabilitation, University College Cork, St Finbarrs Hospital, Douglas Road, Cork City, Ireland. w.molloy@ucc.ie.
authors.forename: D William
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Molloy
authors.affiliation: Research group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Eyssoniusplein 18, P.O. Box 30030, 9700, RM, Groningen, The Netherlands. geert_pieter@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Geert Pieter
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Goodijk
authors.affiliation: Research group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Eyssoniusplein 18, P.O. Box 30030, 9700, RM, Groningen, The Netherlands. c.p.van.der.schans@pl.hanze.nl.|Department of Rehabilitation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. c.p.van.der.schans@pl.hanze.nl.
authors.forename: Cees P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: van der Schans
authors.affiliation: Research group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Eyssoniusplein 18, P.O. Box 30030, 9700, RM, Groningen, The Netherlands. j.s.m.hobbelen@pl.hanze.nl.
authors.forename: Hans J S M
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Hobbelen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards*