title: The zebrafish galectins Drgal1-L2 and Drgal3-L1 bind in vitro to the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) glycoprotein and reduce viral adhesion to fish epithelial cells.
abstract: The infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV; Rhabdoviridae, Novirhabdovirus) infects teleost fish, such as salmon and trout, and is responsible for significant losses in the aquaculture industry and in wild fish populations. Although IHNV enters the host through the skin at the base of the fins, the viral adhesion and entry mechanisms are not fully understood. In recent years, evidence has accumulated in support of the key roles played by protein-carbohydrate interactions between host lectins secreted to the extracellular space and virion envelope glycoproteins in modulating viral adhesion and infectivity. In this study, we assessed in vitro the potential role(s) of zebrafish (Danio rerio) proto type galectin-1 (Drgal1-L2) and a chimera galectin-3 (Drgal3-L1) in IHNV adhesion to epithelial cells. Our results suggest that the extracellular Drgal1-L2 and Drgal3-L1 interact directly and in a carbohydrate-dependent manner with the IHNV glycosylated envelope and glycans on the epithelial cell surface, significantly reducing viral adhesion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Mihai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nita-Lazar
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Chiguang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Núria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: González-Montalbán
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Chinnarajan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ravindran
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Shawn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Las Heras-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Giomarelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Hafiz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK.
authors.forename: Stuart M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Haslam
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dell
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ammayappan
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Vikram N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Vakharia
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Gerardo R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Vasta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000502:physiology* / Q000821:virology; D037161:Galectins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D029142:Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018353:Rhabdoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000635:transmission; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014774:Virulence; D053585:Virus Attachment; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000276:immunology*; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C541498:Gal1-L2 protein, zebrafish; D037161:Galectins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins
keywords: Epithelial cells; Galectin; IHNV envelope glycoprotein; Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV); Viral adhesion; Zebrafish