title: Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristics of Small Colony Variants and Their Role in Chronic Infection.
abstract: Small colony variant (SCV) bacteria arise spontaneously within apparently homogeneous microbial populations, largely in response to environmental stresses, such as antimicrobial treatment. They display unique phenotypic characteristics conferred in part by heritable genetic changes. Characteristically slow growing, SCVs comprise a minor proportion of the population from which they arise but persist by virtue of their inherent resilience and host adaptability. Consequently, SCVs are problematic in chronic infection, where antimicrobial treatment is administered during the acute phase of infection but fails to eradicate SCVs, which remain within the host causing recurrent or chronic infection. This review discusses some of the phenotypic and genotypic changes that enable SCVs to successfully proliferate within the host environment as potential pathogens and strategies that could ameliorate the resolution of infection where SCVs are present.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Cardiff School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Benjamin E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Johns
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Purdy
authors.affiliation: Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Nicholas P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Cardiff School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Maddocks
keywords: adhesion; auxotrophy; biofilm; intracellular; phenotype