title: Tremelimumab-associated tumor regression following after initial progression: two case reports.
abstract: The human IgG2 monoclonal antibody tremelimumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor that blocks cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4). The therapeutic response of anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies possess unique kinetics, in that antitumor responses are often observed after initial short-term disease progression, in some cases as long as 6-12 months after anti-CTLA-4 treatment initiation. Here, we report two cases: one of bile duct cancer and the other of squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary, both of which demonstrated initial rapid disease progression followed by dramatic tumor shrinkage after one or two doses of tremelimumab, without any immune-related adverse events. This delayed, yet dramatic antitumor response suggests that tremelimumab may hold promise in the treatment of solid tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.|Department of Breast & Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimomura
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast & Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kodaira
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwasa
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigehisa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.|Department of Breast & Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C520704:tremelimumab
keywords: Tremelimumab; immune checkpoint inhibitor; immune-related response criteria