title: Adaptation in Toxic Environments: Arsenic Genomic Islands in the Bacterial Genus Thiomonas.
abstract: Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a highly toxic environment for most living organisms due to the presence of many lethal elements including arsenic (As). Thiomonas (Tm.) bacteria are found ubiquitously in AMD and can withstand these extreme conditions, in part because they are able to oxidize arsenite. In order to further improve our knowledge concerning the adaptive capacities of these bacteria, we sequenced and assembled the genome of six isolates derived from the Carnoulès AMD, and compared them to the genomes of Tm. arsenitoxydans 3As (isolated from the same site) and Tm. intermedia K12 (isolated from a sewage pipe). A detailed analysis of the Tm. sp. CB2 genome revealed various rearrangements had occurred in comparison to what was observed in 3As and K12 and over 20 genomic islands (GEIs) were found in each of these three genomes. We performed a detailed comparison of the two arsenic-related islands found in CB2, carrying the genes required for arsenite oxidation and As resistance, with those found in K12, 3As, and five other Thiomonas strains also isolated from Carnoulès (CB1, CB3, CB6, ACO3 and ACO7). Our results suggest that these arsenic-related islands have evolved differentially in these closely related Thiomonas strains, leading to divergent capacities to survive in As rich environments.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique et Microbiologie, UMR7156, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Département Microorganismes, Génomes, Environnement, Equipe Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Microorganismes, Institut de Botanique, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Kelle C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Freel
authors.affiliation: Department Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Krueger
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique et Microbiologie, UMR7156, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Département Microorganismes, Génomes, Environnement, Equipe Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Microorganismes, Institut de Botanique, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Farasin
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brochier-Armanet
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire pour l'Etude des Génomes, (LBioMEG), CEA-IG-Genoscope, Evry, France.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Barbe
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique et Microbiologie, UMR7156, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Département Microorganismes, Génomes, Environnement, Equipe Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Microorganismes, Institut de Botanique, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Andrès
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique et Microbiologie, UMR7156, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Département Microorganismes, Génomes, Environnement, Equipe Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Microorganismes, Institut de Botanique, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Pierre-Etienne
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Cholley
authors.affiliation: Plate-Forme Transcriptome et Epigénome, Centre d'Innovation et de Recherche Technologique-Département Génomes et Génétique, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Agnès
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dillies
authors.affiliation: Plate-Forme Transcriptome et Epigénome, Centre d'Innovation et de Recherche Technologique-Département Génomes et Génétique, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jagla
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique et Microbiologie, UMR7156, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Département Microorganismes, Génomes, Environnement, Equipe Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Microorganismes, Institut de Botanique, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koechler
authors.affiliation: Université de Haute-Alsace, Biopôle-LVBE, Colmar, France.
authors.forename: Yann
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Leva
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire pour l'Etude des Génomes, (LBioMEG), CEA-IG-Genoscope, Evry, France.
authors.forename: Ghislaine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Magdelenat
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique et Microbiologie, UMR7156, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Département Microorganismes, Génomes, Environnement, Equipe Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Microorganismes, Institut de Botanique, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Plewniak
authors.affiliation: Plate-Forme Transcriptome et Epigénome, Centre d'Innovation et de Recherche Technologique-Département Génomes et Génétique, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Proux
authors.affiliation: Plate-Forme Transcriptome et Epigénome, Centre d'Innovation et de Recherche Technologique-Département Génomes et Génétique, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Yves
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Coppée
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique et Microbiologie, UMR7156, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Département Microorganismes, Génomes, Environnement, Equipe Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Microorganismes, Institut de Botanique, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Philippe N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Bertin
authors.affiliation: Department Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Hermann J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Heipieper
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique et Microbiologie, UMR7156, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Département Microorganismes, Génomes, Environnement, Equipe Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Microorganismes, Institut de Botanique, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arsène-Ploetze
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic; D042521:Burkholderiaceae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D001151:Arsenic