title: Fructose-enriched diet induces inflammation and reduces antioxidative defense in visceral adipose tissue of young female rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The consumption of refined, fructose-enriched food continuously increases and has been linked to development of obesity, especially in young population. Low-grade inflammation and increased oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity-related disorders including type 2 diabetes. In this study, we examined alterations in inflammation and antioxidative defense system in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of fructose-fed young female rats, and related them to changes in adiposity and insulin sensitivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the effects of 9-week fructose-enriched diet applied immediately after weaning on nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) intracellular distribution, and on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNFα) and key antioxidative enzymes in the VAT of female rats. Insulin signaling in the VAT was evaluated at the level of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) protein and its inhibitory phosphorylation on Ser307.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fructose-fed rats had increased VAT mass along with increased NF-κB nuclear accumulation and elevated IL-1β, but not TNFα expression. The protein levels of antioxidative defense enzymes, mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase 2, and glutathione peroxidase, were reduced, while the protein content of IRS-1 and its inhibitory phosphorylation were not altered by fructose diet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that fructose overconsumption-related alterations in pro-inflammatory markers and antioxidative capacity in the VAT of young female rats can be implicated in the development of adiposity, but do not affect inhibitory phosphorylation of IRS-1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia.
authors.forename: Sanja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kovačević
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia.
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nestorov
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia.
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Matić
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia. ivanae@ibiss.bg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Elaković
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000099156:Superoxide Dismutase 2
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005632:Fructose; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016328:NF-kappa B; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000099156:Superoxide Dismutase 2; C526296:Irs1 protein, rat
keywords: Female rats; Fructose diet; Inflammation; NF-κB; Oxidative stress; Visceral adipose tissue