title: Candida albicans Immunotherapy for Verrucae Plantaris.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Verrucae plantaris is a viral disease caused by human papilloma virus that is commonly seen in the office setting and is often challenging to treat owing to its high recurrence rate and recalcitrant profile. Candida albicans intralesional injections have been hypothesized to incite an immunogenic response toward the virus.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report on the immunotherapeutic effect of intralesional injection of C albicans into plantar verrucae with a retrospective medical record analysis of 80 patients. Using a luer-lock syringe, 0.1 to 0.3 mL of C albicans antigen was injected into either the first known lesion or the largest lesion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The success rate of intralesional C albicans, defined as total clearance of the lesion, was 65%, which may be underestimated because patients lost to follow-up were included in the 35% failure rate. It was also found that female patients with a previous tissue-destructive treatment process were more than four times more likely to respond to C albicans therapy, whereas this effect was less pronounced in the male patient population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that a series of intralesional injections of C albicans is an effective and efficient method of treatment for verrucae plantaris.
authors.forename: Tracey C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Vlahovic
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spadone
authors.forename: S Patrick
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fussell
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hersh
authors.forename: Tyson
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Merrill
authors.forename: Payel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: Tran
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000946:Antigens, Fungal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014860:Warts / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000946:Antigens, Fungal