title: Depression and Exercise: A Clinical Review and Management Guideline.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is an increasing interest to detect how exercise affects depression symptoms. Although recent findings confirm the positive effect of exercise on depression, there is no clear guideline regarding advice on exercise for patients with depression. The following review aims at presenting the contemporary literature regarding the nature of depression, exercise, the underlying mechanisms and the management of an exercise program in individuals with depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched electronic databases including Cochrane Library, PubMed, ISI web of knowledge and PsychInfo (from January 2000 to October 2014). We reviewed the systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and large-scale randomized control trials on effects of exercise on depression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recent evidence has emerged on characteristics of effective exercise programs and those patients with depression that will most benefit from the exercise programs. However due to the methodological weaknesses and inconsistencies of studies, conclusions must be made with caution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have provided a number of recommendations for clinicians and researchers who plan to use exercise protocols in depression.
authors.affiliation: Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Elaheh
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ranjbar
authors.affiliation: Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Amir Hossein
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Memari
authors.affiliation: Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Sina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hafizi
authors.affiliation: Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Monir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shayestehfar
authors.affiliation: Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh Sadat
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Mirfazeli
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Eshghi
keywords: Antidepressant Effect; Brain; Depression; Depressive Symptoms; Exercise; Physical Activity