title: Imaging of congenital heart disease in adults.
abstract: Imaging is fundamental to the lifelong care of adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients. Echocardiography remains the first line imaging for inpatient, outpatient, or perioperative care. Cross-sectional imaging with cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) or computed tomography (CT) provides complementary and invaluable information on cardiac and vascular anatomy and other intra-thoracic structures. Furthermore, CMR provides quantification of cardiac function and vascular flow. Cardiac catheterization is mostly reserved for assessment of pulmonary vascular resistance, ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and percutaneous interventions. There have been further advances in non-invasive imaging for ACHD including the application of advanced echocardiographic techniques, faster automated CMR imaging, and radiation dose reduction in CT. As a result ACHD, a heterogeneous population, benefit from appropriate application of multiple imaging modalities matched with tertiary ACHD expertise.
authors.affiliation: NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Adult Congenital Heart Centre and Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK.
authors.forename: Sonya V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Babu-Narayan
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giannakoulas
authors.affiliation: Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Anne Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.affiliation: NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Adult Congenital Heart Centre and Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Adult Congenital Heart Centre and Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK m.gatzoulis@rbht.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gatzoulis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000359:Aftercare / Q000379:methods; D057791:Cardiac Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D018729:Fontan Procedure / Q000379:methods; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods
keywords: Chest X-ray; Computed tomography; Congenital heart disease; Echocardiography; Imaging; Magnetic resonance imaging