title: Placement of a take-out container during meal influences energy intake.
abstract: A growing body of research suggests that increased portion sizes are contributing to the rising rates of obesity. However, studies that focus on environmental cues to promote portion control are relatively limited. Thus, a randomized study was conducted in a controlled laboratory setting to determine if the presence of a take-out container, given at the start of a meal, would prompt experimental group participants to decrease the portion of food consumed and reduce energy intake. Outcomes were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and analysis of covariance. Results showed that placing a take-out container with the test meal led to a significant difference in energy intake (p=0.000) when compared to the control group. Participants (n=25) who were given a take-out container with their test meal consumed an average of 90 kcal less than participants (n=25) who were not given the condition. These findings suggest that a to-go container may be utilized as an effective environmental cue for guiding consumers to control serving size when faced with over-sized portions at restaurants or other food outlets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, 121 Marga Hosaeus, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. Electronic address: katejolenebates@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kate J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Bates
authors.affiliation: Food and Health Lab, Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, 960 Technology Boulevard, Room 215, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Byker Shanks
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D064787:Portion Size; D012147:Restaurants; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Energy intake; Environment; Portion size; Restaurant