title: Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria Isolated From Surgical Site Infection of Hospitalized Patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are infections of incision or deep tissue at operation sites. These infections prolong hospitalization, delay wound healing, and increase the overall cost and morbidity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate anaerobic and aerobic bacteria prevalence in surgical site infections and determinate antibiotic susceptibility pattern in these isolates.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred SSIs specimens were obtained by needle aspiration from purulent material in depth of infected site. These specimens were cultured and incubated in both aerobic and anaerobic condition. For detection of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, we used disk diffusion, agar dilution, and E-test methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 194 bacterial strains were isolated from 100 samples of surgical sites. Predominant aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria isolated from these specimens were the members of Enterobacteriaceae family (66, 34.03%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26, 13.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (24, 12.37%), Acinetobacter spp. (18, 9.28%), Enterococcus spp. (16, 8.24%), coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. (14, 7.22%) and nonhemolytic streptococci (2, 1.03%). Bacteroides fragilis (26, 13.4%), and Clostridium perfringens (2, 1.03%) were isolated as anaerobic bacteria. The most resistant bacteria among anaerobic isolates were B. fragilis. All Gram-positive isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid while most of Enterobacteriaceae showed sensitivity to imipenem.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most SSIs specimens were polymicrobial and predominant anaerobic isolate was B. fragilis. Isolated aerobic and anaerobic strains showed high level of resistance to antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Infectious and Tropical Disease, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran ; Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Taghi
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Akhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghotaslou
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Samad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beheshtirouy
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asgharzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Tahereh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pirzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Asghari
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Naser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alizadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toloue Ostadgavahi
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Vida
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sorayaei Somesaraei
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Yousef
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Memar
keywords: Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern; Minimal Inhibitory Concentration; Polymicrobial Infection; Surgical Site Infections