title: Increased working memory related fMRI signal in children following Tick Borne Encephalitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tick Borne Encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infection in the central nervous system endemic in Europe and Asia. While pediatric infection may carry a lower risk for serious neurological sequelae compared to adults, a large proportion of children experience long term cognitive problems, most markedly decreased working memory capacity. We explored whether task related functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) could reveal a biological correlate of status-post TBE in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 11 serologically verified pediatric TBE patients with central nervous system involvement with 55 healthy controls with working memory tests and MRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TBE patients showed a prominent deficit in working memory capacity and an increased task related functional MRI signal in working memory related cortical areas during a spatial working memory task performed without sedation. No diffusion differences could be found with DTI, in line with the reported paucity of anatomical abnormalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is the first to demonstrate functional MRI abnormalities in TBE patients that bears similarity to other patient groups with diffuse neuronal damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden. Electronic address: henrik.ullman@ki.se.
authors.forename: Ullman
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Henrik
authors.affiliation: Neuropediatric Unit, Dept of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
authors.forename: Fowler
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Åsa
authors.affiliation: Neuropediatric Unit, Dept of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
authors.forename: Wickström
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ronny
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D004669:Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne; D004675:Encephalitis, Tick-Borne / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Encephalitis; Magnetic resonance imaging; Memory; Short-term; Tick-borne