title: Validation of a Malay Version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale among Medical Students in Malaysia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was initiated to determine the psychometric properties of the Smart Phone Addiction Scale (SAS) by translating and validating this scale into the Malay language (SAS-M), which is the main language spoken in Malaysia. This study can distinguish smart phone and internet addiction among multi-ethnic Malaysian medical students. In addition, the reliability and validity of the SAS was also demonstrated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 228 participants were selected between August 2014 and September 2014 to complete a set of questionnaires, including the SAS and the modified Kimberly Young Internet addiction test (IAT) in the Malay language.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 99 males and 129 females with ages ranging from 19 to 22 years old (21.7±1.1) included in this study. Descriptive and factor analyses, intra-class coefficients, t-tests and correlation analyses were conducted to verify the reliability and validity of the SAS. Bartlett's test of sphericity was significant (p <0.01), and the Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy for the SAS-M was 0.92, indicating meritoriously that the factor analysis was appropriate. The internal consistency and concurrent validity of the SAS-M were verified (Cronbach's alpha = 0.94). All of the subscales of the SAS-M, except for positive anticipation, were significantly related to the Malay version of the IAT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study developed the first smart phone addiction scale among medical students. This scale was shown to be reliable and valid in the Malay language.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia; Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Siew Mooi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ching
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya Centre of Addiction Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.affiliation: Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Vasudevan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ramachandran
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sazlyna Mohd
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sazlly Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Wan Aliaa
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Wan Sulaiman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Yoke Loong
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Foo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Fan Kee
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Hoo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology*; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D000068997:Smartphone; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult