title: Lipid emulsion attenuates apoptosis induced by a toxic dose of bupivacaine in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblast cells.
abstract: The goal of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of lipid emulsion on apoptosis induced by a toxic dose of bupivacaine (BPV) in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblast cell lines. The effect of lipid emulsion on the decreased cell viability and count induced by BPV or mepivacaine (MPV) in the H9c2 cells was assessed using an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay or a cell count assay. The effect of BPV or lipid emulsion combined with BPV on cleaved caspase 3, caspase 8, and Bax in H9c2 cells was investigated using Western blotting. A terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay was performed to detect apoptosis of H9c2 cells treated with BPV alone or lipid emulsion combined with BPV. The magnitude of lipid emulsion-mediated attenuation of decreased cell viability induced by BPV was higher than that of lipid emulsion-mediated attenuation of decreased cell viability induced by MPV. Lipid emulsion attenuated the increases in cleaved caspase 3, caspase 8 and Bax induced by BPV. Lipid emulsion attenuated the increases in TUNEL-positive cells induced by BPV. These results suggest that lipid emulsion attenuates a toxic dose of BPV-induced apoptosis via inhibition of the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. The protective effect of lipid emulsion may be partially associated with the relatively high lipid solubility of BPV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: S-H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ok
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: I-W
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea jtsohn@nongae.gsnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: J-T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Sohn
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D066126:Cardiotoxicity / Q000517:prevention & control; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004655:Emulsions; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008055:Lipids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032386:Myoblasts, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004655:Emulsions; D008055:Lipids; D002045:Bupivacaine
keywords: H9c2 cells; Lipid emulsion; apoptosis; bupivacaine; mepivacaine