title: Antibiotic Resistance, Virulence, and Genetic Background of Community-Acquired Uropathogenic Escherichia coli from Algeria.
abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate antibiotic resistance mechanisms, virulence traits, and genetic background of 150 nonrepetitive community-acquired uropathogenic Escherichia coli (CA-UPEC) from Algeria. A rate of 46.7% of isolates was multidrug resistant. bla genes detected were blaTEM (96.8% of amoxicillin-resistant isolates), blaCTX-M-15 (4%), overexpressed blaAmpC (4%), blaSHV-2a, blaTEM-4, blaTEM-31, and blaTEM-35 (0.7%). All tetracycline-resistant isolates (51.3%) had tetA and/or tetB genes. Sulfonamides and trimethoprim resistance genes were sul2 (60.8%), sul1 (45.9%), sul3 (6.7%), dfrA14 (25.4%), dfrA1 (18.2%), dfrA12 (16.3%), and dfrA25 (5.4%). High-level fluoroquinolone resistance (22.7%) was mediated by mutations in gyrA (S83L-D87N) and parC (S80I-E84G/V or S80I) genes. qnrB5, qnrS1, and aac(6')-Ib-cr were rare (5.3%). Class 1 and/or class 2 integrons were detected (40.7%). Isolates belonged to phylogroups B2+D (50%), A+B1 (36%), and F+C+Clade I (13%). Most of D (72.2%) and 38.6% of B2 isolates were multidrug resistant; they belong to 14 different sequence types, including international successful ST131, ST73, and ST69, reported for the first time in the community in Algeria and new ST4494 and ST4529 described in this study. Besides multidrug resistance, B2 and D isolates possessed virulence factors of colonization, invasion, and long-term persistence. The study highlighted multidrug-resistant CA-UPEC with high virulence traits and an epidemic genetic background.
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene , Algiers, Algeria .
authors.forename: Merzouk
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yahiaoui
authors.affiliation: 2 CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Laboratoire de Bactériologie , Clermont-Ferrand, France .|3 Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne , Evolution des Bactéries Pathogènes et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte, Clermont-Ferrand, France .
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Robin
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene , Algiers, Algeria .
authors.forename: Rabah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bakour
authors.affiliation: 4 Hospital Salim Zemirli , El Harrach, Algiers, Algeria .
authors.forename: Moufida
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamidi
authors.affiliation: 2 CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Laboratoire de Bactériologie , Clermont-Ferrand, France .|3 Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne , Evolution des Bactéries Pathogènes et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte, Clermont-Ferrand, France .
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bonnet
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene , Algiers, Algeria .
authors.forename: Yamina
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Messai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000462:Algeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections; D027081:DNA Gyrase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D032023:Integrons; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D009154:Mutation; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000494:pharmacology; D056689:Uropathogenic Escherichia coli / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014774:Virulence; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D047090:beta-Lactams / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D013449:Sulfonamides; D047090:beta-Lactams; D014295:Trimethoprim; D001618:beta-Lactamases; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV; D027081:DNA Gyrase