title: Characterizing Energy Expenditure During Sedentary Behavior After Stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure and calculate the energy expended by people with stroke during near sedentary behaviors (lying, supported and unsupported sitting, standing, wheelchair propulsion, walking), under controlled laboratory conditions, and to compare these values with the energy expenditure of 1.5 metabolic equivalent task (MET) within the definition of sedentary behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rehabilitation institutions.
  
  
  METHODS
  People with stroke (N=27; mean age, 61.0±11.7y), categorized at Functional Ambulation Categories (FAC) 0 to 5.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Energy expenditure (measured using indirect calorimetry) expressed in METs. The recorded values were calculated for every participant and averaged for each activity: lying, supported and unsupported sitting, standing, wheelchair propulsion, and walking. Calculations were done for the total group and categorized by the FAC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the total group the mean METs ± SDs were 1.04±.11 for sitting supported, 1.09±.15 for sitting unsupported, 1.31±.25 for standing, 1.91±.42 for wheelchair propulsion, and 2.52±.55 for walking. People with stroke in all FAC had METs values >1.5 when propelling a wheelchair or walking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Energy expenditure during typical sedentary behaviors (ie, sitting) is narrowly bounded at approximately 1.0 MET. Energy expenditure during sitting and standing was ≤1.5 MET for all FAC, with the exception of FAC 0 (1.6 MET during standing). Independent wheelchair propulsion and walking can be categorized as light activities (≥1.5 MET).
authors.affiliation: Brain Center Rudolf Magnus and Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: o.verschuren@dehoogstraat.nl.
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Verschuren
authors.affiliation: De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Femke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Haan
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mead
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fengler
authors.affiliation: Brain Center Rudolf Magnus and Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Visser-Meily
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*; D014910:Wheelchairs
keywords: Health; Rehabilitation; Sedentary lifestyle; Stroke