title: Effect of propolis as a root canal irrigant on bond strength to dentin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of propolis on bond strength to dentin of a self-etch adhesive when used as a final irrigant.
  
  
  METHODS
  126 human third molars were sectioned 3 mm below the occlusal level and then randomly divided into 7 groups (n = 18). The exposed dentin surfaces were treated with irrigation solutions as follows: Group 1: 5.25% NaOCl; Group 2: 5.25% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA; Group 3: 5.25% NaOCl followed by Tubulicid Plus (Temrex, Freeport, NY, USA); Group 4: 5.25% NaOCl followed by MTAD; Group 5: 5.25% NaOCl followed by 20% propolis; Group 6: 5.25% NaOCl followed by 2% CHX; Group 7: distilled water (control). Irrigated specimens were bonded using Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray, Osaka, Japan) with Tygon (Saint-Gobain, Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics, France), tubes for microshear bond strength testing. Data was analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and Tukey test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the tested groups, although the lowest bond strength values were detected in Group 1 (11.25 ± 1.97), a significant statistical difference was detected only between this group and Group 4 (18.70 ± 1.82) and Group 5 (16.75 ± 3.70) (p = 0.0012).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  20% propolis solution as a final irrigant was found to have a favorable effect on the dentin bond strength of the tested self-etch adhesive to coronal dentin when compared with other irrigation solutions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun - Turkey.
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kalyoncuoğlu
authors.affiliation: Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun - Turkey.
authors.forename: Nihan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gönülol
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun - Turkey.
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Özsezer Demiryürek
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak - Turkey.
authors.forename: Emre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bodrumlu
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008964:Molar, Third / Q000737:chemistry; D011429:Propolis / Q000737:chemistry*; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000737:chemistry*; D033081:Shear Strength
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D011429:Propolis