title: Dereplication of antioxidant compounds in Bene (Pistacia atlantica subsp. mutica) hull using a multiplex approach of HPLC-DAD, LC-MS and (1)H NMR techniques.
abstract: Bene is an edible fruit from the tree Pistacia atlantica subsp. mutica, and is of steadily growing interest in recent years due to its significant antioxidant properties and potential health benefits. An antioxidant activity-guided fractionation of the methanol extract from Bene hull together with an integrated approach of HPLC-DAD, LC-MS and (1)H NMR techniques led to the identification of main antioxidant phenolic compounds for the first time. Radical scavenging activity of each fraction/compound was tested using DPPH and FRAP assays. The phenolic content of the fractions was also determined by Folin-Ciocalteu's method. The main identified antioxidant compounds were luteolin (46.53% w/w of total extract), gallic acid (9.84% w/w), 2″-O-galloylisoquercitrin (0.53% w/w), quercetin 3-rutinoside (0.34% w/w) and 2″-O-cis-caffeoylquercitrin (0.26% w/w). The minor antioxidant compounds were also identified by liquid chromatography-positive/negative electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The structure-antioxidant activity relationship of identified phenolics are also discussed in this paper.
authors.affiliation: Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 91775-1163, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mitra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rezaie
authors.affiliation: Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 91775-1163, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: rfarhoosh@um.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Farhoosh
authors.affiliation: Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
authors.forename: Ngoc
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.affiliation: Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: Iranshahim@mums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mehrdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iranshahi
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D027927:Pistacia; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Anacardiaceae; Antioxidant activity; Caffeic acid; Pistachio; Quercetin; Rutin