title: Sorption and degradation of carbaryl in soils amended with biochars: influence of biochar type and content.
abstract: Biochars that were produced from three different biomass materials were amended to a soil to elucidate their influence on the fate of carbaryl. Sorption and degradation of carbaryl in soils amended with the biochars were investigated. The results showed that the amendment of biochars to soil enhanced the sorption of carbaryl. The nonlinearity of sorption isotherm and sorption affinity of carbaryl increased with the content and pyrolytic temperature of the biochars. Both chemical and biological degradation of carbaryl were influenced by biochars. The biochars enhanced the chemical hydrolysis of carbaryl in soil, with biochars produced at 700 °C (BC700) exhibiting greater impact, due to their strong liming effect. In contrast, BC350 (produced at 350 °C) promoted the biodegradation of carbaryl in soil by different extents, while BC700 obviously reduced the biodegradation of carbaryl. The enhanced activities of natural microorganisms in the soil and the lowered bioavailability of carbaryl acted together to determine the biodegradation.
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
authors.forename: Xinhao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of original Agro-Environmental Quality, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, China.
authors.forename: Lijie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China. sunhongwen@nankai.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hongwen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D012721:Carbaryl / Q000737:chemistry*; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C540010:biochar; D002606:Charcoal; D012721:Carbaryl
keywords: Biochar; Biodegradation; Carbaryl; Chemical hydrolysis; Soil; Sorption