title: Endogenous Sex Steroid Hormones, Lipid Subfractions, and Ectopic Adiposity in Asian Indians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Estradiol, testosterone (T), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels are associated with lipid subfractions in men and women. Our objective was to determine if associations are independent from adipose tissue area among Asian Indians.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from 42 women and 57 Asian Indian men who did not use exogenous steroids or lipid-lowering medications. Lipoprotein subfractions including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL), and intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) were assessed by ion mobility spectrometry. Intra-abdominal adiposity was assessed by computed tomography. Multivariable regression models estimated the association between sex hormones with lipoprotein subfractions before and after adjustment for adiposity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among women, lower logSHBG levels were associated with smaller logLDL particle size and higher logtriglycerides, logVLDL, and logIDL, although these associations were attenuated with adjustment for visceral adiposity in particular. Among women, lower logSHBG levels was significantly associated with lower logmedium LDL and logsmall LDL concentrations even after consideration of visceral and hepatic adiposity and insulin resistance as represented by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Among men, lower logSHBG was also associated with smaller logLDL peak diameter size and higher logtriglycerides and logVLDL, even after adjustment for HOMA-IR and adiposity. Relationships between sex steroids and lipid subfractions were not significant among women. Among men, higher total testosterone was associated with higher logHDL and logLDL particle size, and lower logtriglycerides and logVLDL, but these associations were partially attenuated with adjustment for adiposity and HOMA-IR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among Asian Indians, SHBG is associated with more favorable lipid subfraction concentrations, independent of hepatic and visceral fat.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan.|2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Statistics, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana.
authors.forename: Shengchun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: 4 Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute , Oakland, California.
authors.forename: Ronald M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Krauss
authors.affiliation: 5 Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Frank Z
authors.initials: FZ
authors.lastname: Stanczyk
authors.affiliation: 6 Department of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Srinivasa T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: 7 Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Belinda L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Needham
authors.affiliation: 8 Department of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, California.|9 Department of Epidemiology, University of California , San Francisco, California.|10 Department of Biostatistics, University of California , San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Alka M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kanaya
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000208:ethnology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000208:ethnology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000208:ethnology; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D010316:Particle Size; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012495:San Francisco / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000032:analysis; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; C030104:lipoprotein cholesterol; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D002784:Cholesterol