title: Comparison of DNA Methylation and Expression Pattern of S100 and Other Epidermal Differentiation Complex Genes in Differentiating Keratinocytes.
abstract: Epidermal Differentiation Complex (EDC) is a gene cluster on human chromosome 1 q21, which comprises genes encoding four protein families: S100, S100 fused (SFTP), small proline-rich region (SPRR) and late cornified envelope (LCE) proteins. Contrary to the latter three families, which group proteins important for skin barrier formation, the role of S100 proteins has not been well defined and there are no systematic comparative data concerning their expression in the epidermis. Furthermore, little is known about epigenetic mechanisms controlling changes in S100 and other EDC genes expression in differentiating epidermis. In our study, using real-time PCR, we followed the expression of nine S100 genes at subsequent stages of differentiation of primary human keratinocytes and found that they exhibited different expression patterns. Then, we confronted the expression level in undifferentiated and differentiated keratinocytes with the extent of DNA methylation within their promoter or intragenic regions assessed by bisulfite sequencing. Methylation analysis was also performed for three other EDC genes of known expression pattern (involucrin, loricrin, and NICE-1) and a recently identified evolutionary conserved region with defined enhancer properties. The results indicate that altered EDC genes expression is not accompanied by major changes in DNA methylation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sobiak
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Graczyk-Jarzynka
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland.
authors.forename: Wiesława
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Leśniak
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000235:genetics; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004817:Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020033:Protein Isoforms; D009418:S100 Proteins
keywords: DNA METHYLATION; EPIDERMAL DIFFERENTIATION COMPLEX; EPIDERMIS; KERATINOCYTE; S100 GENES; S100 PROTEINS