title: Clinical Experience of the Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is characterized by three clinical features, namely cutaneous capillary malformations, venous malformations, and soft tissue and/or bony hypertrophy of the extremities. The varied manifestations are attributed to the unpredictable clinical nature and prognosis of the syndrome. To elucidate the clinical characteristics of this disease, we reviewed a relatively large number of KTS patients who presented to our vascular anomalies center.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective study with 19 patients who were diagnosed with KTS and treated in our vascular anomalies clinic between 2003 and 2014, and examined their demographic characteristics, their clinical features, and the treatments administered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sex distribution was balanced, with 9 (47%) males and 10 (53%) females. The mean follow-up period was 4.1 years (range, 7 months-9 years). Most of the patients received conservative treatments such as medication or physiotherapy. Compression therapies such as wearing of elastic garments/bandages were also administered, and surgical interventions were considered only when the patients became excessively symptomatic. Other treatments included laser therapy and sclerotherapy, and all the treatments were adjusted according to each case, tailored to the conditions of the individual patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  KTS is an extremely rare, multifactorial disorder that induces widely varied symptoms. Because of this unique feature, plastic surgeons, when not careful, tend to attach a one-sided importance to typical symptoms such as limb hypertrophy or capillary malformation and thus overlook other symptoms and clinical features. KTS can be suspected in all infants who show capillary malformations or limb hypertrophy and require a multi-disciplinary approach for comprehensive management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea. ; Kyungpook National University Hospital Vascular Anomalies Center, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Yun
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Kyungpook National University Hospital Vascular Anomalies Center, Daegu, Korea. ; Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Seok Jong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Kyungpook National University Hospital Vascular Anomalies Center, Daegu, Korea. ; Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Kyungpook National University Hospital Vascular Anomalies Center, Daegu, Korea. ; Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Kang Young
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Dug
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Chae
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Cho
keywords: Capillary malformations; Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome; Vascular malformations