title: Longitudinal assessment of fractional anisotropy alterations caused by simian immunodeficiency virus infection: a preliminary diffusion tensor imaging study.
abstract: Previous diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies found that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection led to white matter (WM) microstructure degeneration. Most of the DTI studies were cross-sectional and thus merely investigated only one specific point in the disease. In order to systematically study the WM impairments caused by HIV infection, more longitudinal studies are needed. However, longitudinal studies on HIV patients are very difficult to conduct. To address this question, we employed the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus monkeys model to carry out a longitudinal DTI study. We aimed to longitudinally access the WM abnormalities of SIV-infected rhesus monkeys by studying the fractional anisotropy (FA) alterations with Tract Based Spatial Statistic (TBSS) analysis. Four rhesus monkeys inoculated intravenously with SIVmac239 were utilized in the study. DTI scans and peripheral blood CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell counts were acquired prior to virus inoculation (as the baseline) and in the 12th and 24th week postvirus inoculation. Significant FA alterations were found in the two areas of the inferotemporal regions (iTE), respectively located in the ventral subregion of posterior iTE (iTEpv) and the dorsal subregion of iTE (iTEpd). The decreased FA values in iTEpd were found significantly negatively correlated with the elevated peripheral blood CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratios. It might suggest that WM in iTEpd was still impaired even though the immune dysfunction alleviated temporally.
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical, Electrical & Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong Province, 264209, China.
authors.forename: Zhenchao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical, Electrical & Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong Province, 264209, China. enqdong@sdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Enqing
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
authors.forename: Jiaojiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
authors.forename: Zhenyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
authors.forename: Wenjuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: School of Automation, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China. lihongjun00113@126.com.
authors.forename: Hongjun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. tian@ieee.org.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016880:Anisotropy; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000502:physiology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D066127:White Matter / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology
keywords: Diffusion tensor imaging; Fractional anisotropy; Longitudinal study; Simian immunodeficiency virus; Tract-based spatial statistic