title: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles in sunscreen penetrate the skin into viable layers of the epidermis: a clinical approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.
authors.forename: Elise M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Naess
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Antje
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofgaard
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Vidar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Skaug
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Marit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gulbrandsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.
authors.forename: Tor E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Danielsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.
authors.forename: Svein
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grahnstedt
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Asbjørn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skogstad
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway and University of Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Jan-Øivind
authors.initials: JØ
authors.lastname: Holm
mesh_terms: D004817:Epidermis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D014025:Titanium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D013473:Sunscreening Agents; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium