title: Socioeconomic status and oppositional defiant disorder in preschoolers: parenting practices and executive functioning as mediating variables.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the mediating mechanisms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in preschoolers through pathways analysis, considering the family socioeconomic status (SES) as the independent variable and the parenting style and the children's executive functioning (EF) as the mediating factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample included 622 three-year-old children from the general population. Multi-informant reports from parents and teachers were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Structural Equation Modeling showed that the associations between SES, EF, parenting style and ODD levels differed by children's gender: (a) for girls, the association of low SES and high ODD scores was partially mediated by difficulties in EF inhibition, and parenting practices defined by corporal punishment and inconsistent discipline obtained a quasi-significant indirect effect into the association between SES and ODD; (b) for boys, SES and EF (inhibition and emotional control) had a direct effect on ODD with no mediation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SES seems a good indicator to identify children at high-risk for prevention and intervention programs for ODD. Girls with ODD in families of low SES may particularly benefit from parent training practices and training in inhibition control.
authors.affiliation: Unitat d'Epidemiologia i de Diagnòstic en Psicopatologia del Desenvolupament - Grup de Recerca 2014 SGR 312 Generalitat de Catalunya, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain ; Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Roser
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Granero
authors.affiliation: Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Leonie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Louwaars
authors.affiliation: Unitat d'Epidemiologia i de Diagnòstic en Psicopatologia del Desenvolupament - Grup de Recerca 2014 SGR 312 Generalitat de Catalunya, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain ; Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ezpeleta
keywords: ODD; executive functioning; parenting; preschoolers; socioeconomic status; structural equation modeling