title: Accumulation of triclosan from diet and its neuroendocrine effects in Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) under two temperature Regimes.
abstract: Rising water temperatures due to climate change may increase the uptake and effects of triclosan in aquatic organisms. Our objectives were to investigate the accumulation of dietary triclosan and its neuroendocrine effects in Atlantic croaker, an estuarine fish, under two temperatures and during depuration. A pilot study was used to select a dietary exposure of 50 mg/kg. For 10 days, fish were exposed to one of four diet/temperature treatments (n = 16/treatment): normal diet at 26 °C and 29 °C and triclosan-treated diet at 26 °C and 29 °C. Fish exposed to triclosan at 26 °C accumulated 2.6 mg/kg wet weight on average versus 5.6 mg/kg wet weight at 29 °C. Triclosan exposure significantly impacted reflexes, resulting in the loss of the dorsal fin reflex (DS) in 53% of fish, while temperature and triclosan-temperature interactions were not significant. Triclosan body burden did not significantly predict DS loss. There were no significant differences in thyroid hormone levels among groups. Triclosan-treated fish at 26 °C were fed untreated pellets for 5 additional weeks. Two fish lost the DS during the first depuration week, and no affected fish recovered the reflex. These results have important implications for fish and their predators, as the DS may be important for swimming performance and social patterning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA. Electronic address: Tiffany.Hedrick@ttu.edu.
authors.forename: Tiffany L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Hedrick-Hopper
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Koster
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; Western Sydney University, School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Campus, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
authors.forename: Sandra L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Diamond
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001822:Body Burden; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D063366:Estuaries; D057232:Global Warming; D006358:Hot Temperature; D010473:Perciformes / Q000502:physiology*; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects*; D012623:Seawater / Q000032:analysis; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014260:Triclosan / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014260:Triclosan
keywords: Body burden; Climate change; Depuration; Estuarine contaminants; Reflex impairment; Thyroid hormones; Uptake