title: HIV-1 tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.
abstract: Patients co-infected with HIV-1 and tuberculosis (TB) are at risk of developing TB-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) following commencement of antiretroviral therapy (ART). TB-IRIS is characterized by transient but severe localized or systemic inflammatory reactions against Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens. Here, we review the risk factors and clinical management of TB-IRIS, as well as the roles played by different aspects of the immune response in contributing to TB-IRIS pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, NW7 1AA, UK.
authors.forename: Rachel P J
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Room 3.03.05, Wolfson Pavilion, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.|Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.|Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
authors.forename: Graeme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meintjes
authors.affiliation: The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, NW7 1AA, UK. Robert.Wilkinson@uct.ac.za.|Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Room 3.03.05, Wolfson Pavilion, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa. Robert.Wilkinson@uct.ac.za.|Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK. Robert.Wilkinson@uct.ac.za.|Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa. Robert.Wilkinson@uct.ac.za.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060085:Coinfection; D019468:Disease Management; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D054019:Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D007107:Immune System / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology; D012307:Risk Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology
keywords: Drug therapy-complications; HIV-1 infection; Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome; Tuberculosis