title: Antenatal Three-Dimensional Printing of Aberrant Facial Anatomy.
abstract: Congenital airway obstruction poses a life-threatening challenge to the newborn. We present the first case of three-dimensional (3D) modeling and 3D printing of complex fetal maxillofacial anatomy after prenatal ultrasound indicated potential upper airway obstruction from a midline mass of the maxilla. Using fetal MRI and patient-specific computer-aided modeling, the craniofacial anatomy of the fetus was manufactured using a 3D printer. This model demonstrated the mass to be isolated to the upper lip and maxilla, suggesting the oral airway to be patent. The decision was made to deliver the infant without a planned ex utero intrapartum treatment procedure. The neonate was born with a protuberant cleft lip and palate deformity, without airway obstruction, as predicted by the patient-specific model. The delivery was uneventful, and the child was discharged without need for airway intervention. This case demonstrates that 3D modeling may improve prenatal evaluation of complex patient-specific fetal anatomy and facilitate the multidisciplinary approach to perinatal management of complex airway anomalies.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery.
authors.forename: Kyle K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: VanKoevering
authors.affiliation: Departments of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;
authors.forename: Sanjay P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Prabhu
authors.affiliation: Radiology, and.
authors.forename: Maria F Ladino
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, and.
authors.forename: George B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Mychaliska
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and.
authors.forename: Marjorie C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Treadwell
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;
authors.forename: Scott J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hollister
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan gegreen@med.umich.edu.
authors.forename: Glenn E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000002:abnormalities*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008437:Maxilla / Q000002:abnormalities*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D055815:Young Adult