title: CDH13 Polymorphisms are Associated with Adiponectin Levels and Metabolic Syndrome Traits Independently of Visceral Fat Mass.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Visceral fat accumulation contributes to the development of metabolic syndrome. As visceral fat accumulation increases, adiponectin levels decrease; therefore, adiponectin provides a link between visceral fat accumulation and metabolic disorders. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified genetic variations in the cadherin 13 (CDH13) gene that are associated with adiponectin levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CDH13 was associated with adiponectin levels and metabolic syndrome traits independent of the visceral fat area (VFA), as measured using computed tomography (CT) in 945 Japanese individuals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that three CDH13 SNPs reported by recent GWASs (i.e., rs3865188, rs4783244, and rs12051272) were significantly associated with higher adiponectin levels (P ＜ 1 × 10 (-14)), even after adjustment for VFA. However, these adiponectin-inducing alleles of CDH13 SNPs were significantly associated with traits consistent with deteriorating metabolic symptoms, such as higher fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores, and triglycerides and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels, similar to increasing VFA and decreasing adiponectin levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggested that CDH13 SNPs cause an adiponectin-resistant status to compensate for increasing adiponectin levels and could result in the deterioration of metabolic syndrome traits.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacogenomics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Aya
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authors.lastname: Kitamoto
authors.forename: Takuya
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authors.lastname: Kitamoto
authors.forename: Takahiro
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authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Tomoaki
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authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Yoshio
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authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.forename: Hideyuki
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authors.lastname: Hyogo
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ochi
authors.forename: Seika
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamohara
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
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authors.lastname: Miyatake
authors.forename: Kazuaki
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authors.lastname: Kotani
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mineo
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoneda
authors.forename: Atsushi
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authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Tohru
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authors.lastname: Funahashi
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Katsuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tokunaga
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masuzaki
authors.forename: Takato
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chayama
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamaguchi
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hanafusa
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oikawa
authors.forename: Toshiie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: Kiyoji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuzawa
authors.forename: Kikuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hotta
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D015820:Cadherins; C099972:H-cadherin