title: Prevalence and Clonal Dissemination of Metallo-Beta-Lactamase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Kermanshah.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen associated with nosocomial infections. The emergence and dissemination of metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) has contributed to the high rate of resistance among P. aeruginosa isolates.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence and the clonal dissemination of MBL- producing P. aeruginosa isolates collected from major hospitals in Kermanshah.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the minimal inhibitory concentrations. The MBLs were investigated using the Double-Disk Synergy Test (DDST) and Polymerase Chain Reaction. Molecular typing was performed by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 60 P. aeruginosa isolates included in this study, 30 (50%) were resistant to Gentamicin, 38 (63.3%) to Piperacillin, 42 (70%) to Ceftazidime, and 45 (75%) to Cefepime. Twenty-nine (48.3%) isolates were MBL producers in the DDST test. Five (8.3%) isolates were positive for the VIM gene. PFGE analysis among the MBL producers revealed 12 distinct clonal patterns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inter- and intra-hospital dissemination of resistant clones is a matter of concern and is an indicator of the level of the improvement and surveillance of standard hygiene, particularly disinfection and hand washing before and after contact with patients. Given the emergence of MBL-producing strains, surveillance has become an important procedure to control the transmission of resistant strains.
authors.affiliation: Nosocomial Infection Research Centre, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Alisha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akya
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Afsaneh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salimi
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Bizhan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nomanpour
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Kamal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
keywords: Clonal Dissemination; Metallo-Beta-Lactamase; Molecular Typing; Pseudomonas aeruginosa