title: Alveolar bone thickness around maxillary central incisors of different inclination assessed with cone-beam computed tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the labial and lingual alveolar bone thickness in adults with maxillary central incisors of different inclination by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety maxillary central incisors from 45 patients were divided into three groups based on the maxillary central incisors to palatal plane angle; lingual-inclined, normal, and labial-inclined. Reformatted CBCT images were used to measure the labial and lingual alveolar bone thickness (ABT) at intervals corresponding to every 1/10 of the root length. The sum of labial ABT and lingual ABT at the level of the root apex was used to calculate the total ABT (TABT). The number of teeth exhibiting alveolar fenestration and dehiscence in each group was also tallied. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's honestly significant difference test were applied for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The labial ABT and TABT values at the root apex in the lingual-inclined group were significantly lower than in the other groups (p < 0.05). Lingual and labial ABT values were very low at the cervical level in the lingual-inclined and normal groups. There was a higher prevalence of alveolar fenestration in the lingual-inclined group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lingual-inclined maxillary central incisors have less bone support at the level of the root apex and a greater frequency of alveolar bone defects than normal maxillary central incisors. The bone plate at the marginal level is also very thin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Lou
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Shenyang Stomatology Hospital, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Jing
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Pin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Mo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yue
keywords: Alveolar bone thickness; Cone-beam computed tomography; Inclination; Maxillary central incisors