title: DNA 5-hydroxymethylation in human adipose tissue differs between subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue depots.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A stable intermediate during DNA demethylation, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), raises questions about its function and distribution. Therefore, we tested whether 5-hmC exists in human adipose tissue depots and correlates with clinical variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured the % 5-hmC content in both subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from 81 individuals by using ELISA technology. To test for associations with several clinical variables we used paired students t-tests and linear regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed an average % 5-hmC content of 0.47% ± 0.093 in subcutaneous adipose tissue, while VAT (0.51% ± 0.122) is higher hydroxymethylated (p = 0.005). In the total cohort we observed a positive association of % 5-hmC in VAT with age (p = 0.034) and a negative relationship with low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest adipose tissue depot specific 5-hmC levels with higher levels in VAT.
authors.affiliation: IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rohde
authors.affiliation: IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.affiliation: IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.|Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stumvoll
authors.affiliation: IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.|Department of Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blüher
authors.affiliation: IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Böttcher
mesh_terms: D044503:5-Methylcytosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D050154:Adiposity / Q000235:genetics*; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D048429:Cell Size; D003596:Cytosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C011865:5-hydroxymethylcytosine; D044503:5-Methylcytosine; D003596:Cytosine
keywords: 5-hydroxymethylation; epigenetics; fat distribution; obesity; subcutaneous fat; visceral fat