title: Gender difference in components of metabolic syndrome among patients of type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia are the integral components that constitute metabolic syndrome. It has emerged as cause of substantial mortality with gender difference. To compare the gender characteristics of metabolic syndrome in subjects of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  This observational comparative prospective study was conducted in medical ward of BVH Bahawalpur over period of 6 month from January 2014 to June 2014. Sample size of 100 diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetics (comprising equal number of males and females) were collected. As defined by WHO and IDF, variables of metabolic syndrome studied were BMI, hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. The lipid values were interpreted in normal or high risk category by applying NCEP ATPIII criterion. Fasting sample were collected for sugar and lipid profile. Anthropometric, demographic and biochemical data was tabulated. Continuous and categorical variables were displayed as mean ± standard deviation and percentage respectively. Student 't' test was use to assess the difference for the lipid profile at 5% significance level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Female patients were found to be overweight, hypertensive and had uncontrolled hyperglycemia as compared to male subjects. Their systolic blood pressure was 150±25.75 and diastolic was 90±17mm/hg. The mean blood glucose concentration was 246.64±105mg/dl. In age group 35-44 years, the mean triglycerides and cholesterol levels in females were 184.54±42.05 and 192.5±34mg/dl respectively. HDL-C was 33.2±5.19mg/dl. In females with age group of 45-54 years, the mean concentration of triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL-C were 217.75±77.6mg/dl, 190.95±14.4mg/dl and 31.75±3.8mg/dl respectively, and all were in high risk category when compared to cut off values determined by NCEP/ADA. While in females of age group 55-64 years, the values of TGs, total cholesterol and HDL-C were 204±154.11mg/dl, 200.09± 47.8 mg/dl and 33.4±4.6mg/dl respectively and again all these values were significantly raised.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Female genders were affected in all respects. They had higher BMI, hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia as compared to male counterparts.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Muhammad Ahmad Alamgir, MBBS, MCPS, FCPS, DPH, Assistant Professor of Medicine, BVH/QAMC, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Ahmad
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Alamgir
authors.affiliation: Dr. Riaz Ahmad Javid, MBBS, FCPS, Senior Registrar Medicine, BVH, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Riaz Ahmad
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Javid
authors.affiliation: Dr. Abdul Hameed, MBBS, FCPS Assistant Professor of Medicine, Multan Medical & Dental College, Multan, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hameed
authors.affiliation: Dr. Irum Mustafa, Demonstrator, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Irum
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mustafa
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Gender; Metabolic syndrome