title: Differences in various biochemical and clinical parameters with respect to family history of Non Communicable Diseases in fourth year MBBS students of Karachi, Pakistan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the differences of various biochemical and clinical parameters with respect to Family History (FH) of Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) in fourth year Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) students.
  
  
  METHODS
  This observational study was conducted at Baqai Institute of Diabetology & Endocrinology from December 2013 to January 2014. Total 50 medical students from Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS) participated in the study. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 13 was used to analyze the data. For cross tabulation and mean comparison z-test and t test were applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 50 subjects, there were 26 (52%) females. Mean age of the study population was 21.56 ± 0.90 years. Mean serum cholesterol levels with positive FH of NCDs was significantly higher than negative FH of NCDs (p=0.005). Mean value of low density lipoprotein (LDL) of positive family history of NCDs was found higher than those with negative FH (p=0.006) being statistically significant. The insulin levels in subjects with positive FH of NCDs were higher than subjects with negative FH of NCDs (p=0.685). However, serum leptin and plasma renin showed no significant difference with the negative FH of NCDs being higher compared to positive FH of NCDs (p=0.068) and (p=0.884) respectively. However, Waist circumference, Body mass index and central obesity in subjects with positive FH of NCDs shows increasing trend but no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study of various biochemical and clinical parameters with respect to FH of NCDs, Serum Cholesterol and LDL levels were observed higher and statistically significant.
authors.affiliation: Khalid Abdul Basit, Student, MBBS, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Khalid Abdul
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Basit
authors.affiliation: Asher Fawwad, M.phil. Assistant Prof., Senior Research Scientist, Research Department, Baqai Medical University, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Plot No. 1-2, II-B, Nazimabad No.2, Karachi-74600, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Asher
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fawwad
authors.affiliation: Asher Fawwad, M.phil. Assistant Prof., Senior Research Scientist, Research Department, Baqai Medical University, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Plot No. 1-2, II-B, Nazimabad No.2, Karachi-74600, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Asadullah
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Munir
authors.affiliation: Iftikhar Ahmed Siddiqui, PhD. Chairman & Professor of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Iftikhar Ahmed
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.affiliation: Sidra Siddiqui, M.Sc. Statistician, Research Department, Baqai Medical University, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Plot No. 1-2, II-B, Nazimabad No.2, Karachi-74600, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sidra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.affiliation: Abdul Basit, F.R.C.P. Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baqai Medical University, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Plot No. 1-2, II-B, Nazimabad No.2, Karachi-74600, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basit
keywords: Leptin; Medical Student; Non-communicable disease; Renin