title: The effect of noninvasive brain stimulation on neural connectivity in Tinnitus: A randomized trial.
abstract: To explore neural connectivity changes associated with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the temporoparietal junction for patients with bothersome tinnitus.
  
  
  
  Randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial.
  
  
  
  Thirty patients with subjective, nonpulsatile tinnitus for 6 months duration or longer and a score of 36 or greater on the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory completed the study. Participants were randomized to receive either sham or active treatment with rTMS to the temporoparietal junction for either 2 or 4 weeks of therapy. Participants underwent resting state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging before therapy and immediately following treatment. Functional connectivity changes between active and sham treatment groups were compared using regions of interest in auditory, default mode, ventral attention, and executive attention networks.
  
  
  
  Sixteen patients received active rTMS treatment; 14 patients received sham treatment. There were no differences between the active and sham groups in baseline functional connectivity. Neither treatment with rTMS nor sham therapy resulted in statistically significant functional connectivity changes in the examined brain networks.
  
  
  
  The analysis did not identify any changes in neural connectivity following treatment in patients with bothersome tinnitus. These results are consistent with our findings of lack of symptom changes previously reported in the same group of patients. Measures of neural connectivity may inform future work using rTMS to better understand the possible benefits of neural stimulation for tinnitus.
  
  
  
  1b. Laryngoscope, 126:1201-1206, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Lauren T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Roland
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Jonathan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Peelle
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Dorina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kallogjeri
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nicklaus
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Jay F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Piccirillo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D059906:Neuroimaging; D010296:Parietal Lobe; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
keywords: Tinnitus; functional MRI; repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation