title: Prognostic factors for stereopsis in refractive accommodative esotropia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prognostic factors affecting stereoacuity in patients with refractive accommodative esotropia (RAE) according to the results of long follow- up period.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the charts of 70 patients with RAE between the years 1985-2014. Patients were classified into three groups. G-1: Stereoacuity score 40 second/arc. G-2: Stereoacuity score >40 second/arc (50-3000). G-3: No binocular vision. Initiation age of RAE, duration of deviation, refractive error, amblyopia, amblyopia treatment, anisometropia, visual acuity, family history, angle of deviation for distance and near at each group and the prognostic factors affecting stereoacuity were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean initiation age of RAE was 2.7±1.5 years, the mean age at first visit was 6.4±4.2 years. The mean follow up time was 7.3±4.4 years. Seven patients had 40 second/arc, 48 patients had 50 to 3000 second/arc stereoacuity, 15 patients had no binocular vision. Mean deviation for near was statistically higher in group 2 and 3. Visual acuity levels were higher in group 1 and 2 and was statistically significant. Low visual acuity (p=0.001, 0.008), higher angle of deviation at near (p=0.01), increased duration of deviation (p=0.01), presence of amblyopia (p=0.001) and irregularity of amblyopia treatment (p=0.01) were significantly related with poor stereoacuity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the prognostic factors low stereoacuity was mostly related with amblyopia as a result the late presentation of the patients in seeking care. Appropriate treatment as full refractive correction and amblyopia treatment during the RAE is important for development of good stereopsis. Also angle of deviation at near and duration of deviation can be a useful predictor for poor stereoacuity levels.
authors.affiliation: Hande Guclu, MD Ophthalmologist, Trakya University of Medicine, Ophthalmology Department, Edirne, 22030, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hande
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guclu
authors.affiliation: Vuslat Pelitli Gurlu, MD Associate Professor, Trakya University of Medicine, Ophthalmology Department, Edirne, 22030, Turkey.
authors.forename: Vuslat Pelitli
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Gurlu
authors.affiliation: Sadik Altan Ozal, MD Ophthalmologist, Trakya University of Medicine, Ophthalmology Department, Edirne, 22030, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sadik Altan
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ozal
authors.affiliation: Zeynep Gursel Ozkurt, MD Assistant Professor, Ophthalmology Department, Dicle University of Medicine, Diyarbakir, 21070, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zeynep Gursel
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Ozkurt
keywords: Amblyopia; Refractive accommodative esotropia; Stereopsis