title: Soluble Dietary Fibers Can Protect the Small Intestinal Mucosa Without Affecting the Anti-inflammatory Effect of Indomethacin in Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis Rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  How to prevent the small intestinal damage induced by NSAIDs is an urgent issue to be resolved. In the present study, we examined the effects of soluble dietary fibers on both anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic effects of indomethacin in arthritic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats weighing 180-220 g were used. Arthritis was induced by injecting Freund's complete adjuvant (killed M. tuberculosis) into the plantar region of the right hindpaw. The animals were fed a regular powder diet for rats or a diet supplemented with soluble dietary fibers such as pectin or guar gum. Indomethacin was administered once a day for 3 days starting 14 days after the adjuvant injection, when marked arthritis was observed. The volumes of the hindpaw were measured before and after indomethacin treatment to evaluate the effect of indomethacin on edema. The lesions in the small intestine were examined 24 h after the final dosing of indomethacin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hindpaw volume was increased about 3 times 14 days after injection of the adjuvant. Indomethacin (3-10 mg/kg, p.o.) decreased hindpaw volume dose-dependently, but caused severe lesions in the small intestine at doses of 6 and 10 mg/kg. The addition of pectin (1-10 %) or guar gum (10 %) to the diet markedly decreased the lesion formation without affecting the anti-edema action of indomethacin. The same effects of pectin were observed when indomethacin was administered subcutaneously.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is suggested that soluble dietary fibers can prevent intestinal damage induced by NSAIDs without affecting the anti-inflammatory effect of these agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan. h_satoh@mb.kyoto-phu.ac.jp.|Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kodo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0395, Japan. h_satoh@mb.kyoto-phu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-8961
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan. phyroki@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan. tomo_horu@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Tomoe
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirakawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan. tuvstudent@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000633:toxicity*; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D005685:Galactans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000633:toxicity*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D007596:Joints / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008351:Mannans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010368:Pectins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D053149:Plant Gums / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012995:Solubility; D013997:Time Factors; D014456:Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005685:Galactans; D008351:Mannans; D053149:Plant Gums; D010368:Pectins; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; C007894:guar gum; D007213:Indomethacin
keywords: Arthritic rat; Dietary fiber; Indomethacin; Intestinal ulcer; NSAID; Pectin