title: Prior Ultrasound-Indicated Cerclage: Comparison of Cervical Length Screening or History-Indicated Cerclage in the Next Pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate outcomes of women with prior ultrasound-indicated cerclage, who in their subsequent pregnancy were either followed by transvaginal ultrasound cervical length screening or received a planned history-indicated cerclage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter cohort study of singleton gestations with a prior ultrasound-indicated cerclage performed from 1994 to 2014. We evaluated three pregnancies in the study participants: first pregnancy with prior spontaneous preterm birth at less than 37 weeks of gestation; second pregnancy with ultrasound-indicated cerclage for cervical length 25 mm or less; and the third index pregnancy managed with either transvaginal ultrasound cervical length screening with ultrasound-indicated cerclage for cervical length 25 mm or less or planned history-indicated cerclage. The primary outcome was incidence of spontaneous preterm birth at less than 37 weeks of gestation. We planned a subgroup analysis for women who delivered at less than 32 weeks of gestation compared with 32 weeks of gestation or greater in their prior ultrasound-indicated cerclage pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 102 singleton gestations included, 38 (37.3%) were followed with transvaginal ultrasound cervical length screening and 64 (62.7%) underwent history-indicated cerclage. Of 38 women in the transvaginal ultrasound group, 18 (47.4%) underwent ultrasound-indicated cerclage for cervical length 25 mm or less. After adjusting for confounders, the rate of spontaneous preterm birth at less than 37 weeks of gestation was similar between transvaginal ultrasound cervical length screening and history-indicated cerclage groups (36.8% compared with 43.8%; adjusted odds ratio 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.47-1.45). Secondary outcomes were also similar in both groups. All women (n=7) who delivered at less than 32 weeks of gestation in their prior pregnancy and subsequently had transvaginal ultrasound screening received ultrasound-indicated cerclage in the index pregnancy compared with only 35.5% of women who delivered at 32 weeks of gestation or greater in their prior pregnancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with prior ultrasound-indicated cerclage have similar outcomes if they receive either transvaginal ultrasound cervical length screening with ultrasound-indicated cerclage for cervical length 25 mm or less or planned history-indicated cerclage in the subsequent pregnancy. Less than 50% of the transvaginal ultrasound cervical length screening group require a repeat ultrasound-indicated cerclage in the subsequent pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  II.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University and Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; the Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, and the Department of Medical Surgical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, St. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care Health Services, Newark, Delaware.
authors.forename: Anju
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suhag
authors.forename: Jordana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reina
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sanapo
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Saccone
authors.forename: Giuliana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simonazzi
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giraldo-Isaza
authors.forename: Sushma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Potti
authors.forename: Matthew K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Berghella
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023802:Cerclage, Cervical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D054791:Cervical Length Measurement; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies