title: The right heart in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: insights from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and invasive haemodynamics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent data indicate that right ventricular systolic dysfunction (RVSD) by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is a strong predictor of outcome in heart failure. However, the prognostic significance of RVSD by CMR in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We prospectively enrolled 171 HFpEF patients who underwent CMR in addition to invasive and non-invasive testing. RVSD, defined as right ventricular (RV) EF <45% by CMR, was present in 33 (19.3 %) patients. Patients were followed for 573 ± 387 days, during which 41 had a cardiac event. Patients with RVSD presented with more frequent history of AF (P = 0.038), significantly higher resting heart rate (P = 0.009), shorter 6-min walk distance (P = 0.036), and higher NT-pro BNP serum levels (P < 0.001), and were more symptomatic (P < 0.001). With respect to haemodynamic parameters, RVSD was associated with respect to haemodynamic parameters, RVSD was associated with higher diastolic pulmonary artery pressure (P = 0.045), with higher pulmonary vascular resistance (P = 0.048), higher transpulmonary gradient (P = 0.042), and higher diastolic pulmonary vascular pressure gradient (P = 0.007). In the multivariable Cox analysis, RVSD (P < 0.001) remained significantly associated with cardiac events, in addition to diabetes (P = 0.011), 6-min walk distance (P = 0.018), and systolic pulmonary artery pressure (P = 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although HFpEF is considered a disease of the left ventricle, respective imaging parameters are not related to outcome. In contrast, RVSD by CMR is independently associated with mortality and clinical status in these patients, and provides a useful tool for risk stratification.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aschauer
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Andreas A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kammerlander
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zotter-Tufaro
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ristl
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pfaffenberger
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bachmann
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Duca
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Beatrice A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Marzluf
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bonderman
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mascherbauer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001317:Austria / Q000453:epidemiology; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000453:epidemiology*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000032:analysis; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000032:analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D013318:Stroke Volume; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain
keywords: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; Outcome; Right ventricle