title: [SENDS criteria from the diversification of MAST procedures. Implementation of preoperative simulation].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Minimal access spinal technologies (MAST) lead to a diversification of surgical procedures, which requires careful selection of the procedure and outcome monitoring. For a rational selection of the procedure simulation, endoscopy, navigation, decompression and stabilization (SENDS) criteria can be derived from the development of the MAST procedures. Preoperative simulation has diagnostic and therapeutic values. The SENDS criteria can be verified indirectly via outcome control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biomechanically meaningful diagnostic x-rays of the spinal segment to be surgically treated are currently carried out with the patient in inclination and reclination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Software-related preoperative simulation based on these x-ray images facilitates the selection and implementation of the MAST procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  For preoperative simulation motion shots are needed in inclination, neutral position and reclination and the dimensions can be obtained using an x-ray ball or a computed tomography (CT) scan.
  
  
  METHODS
  The SENDS criteria are useful because established procedures based on these criteria reach a comparable outcome. Preoperative simulation appears to be a useful selection criterion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperatively it is necessary to collate patient and segment information in order to provide each patient with individualized treatment. So far there is no evidence for a better outcome after preoperative simulation but a reduction of surgery time and intraoperative radiation exposure could already be demonstrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Minimally invasive methods should be preferred if there is a comparable outcome. The establishment of new procedures has to be accompanied by the maintenance of a spine register. Minimally invasive surgical procedures should be individualized for each patient and segment. Mobility X-ray images should be prepared for use with the preoperative simulation as the information content significantly increases with respect to the MAST procedure.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland. biokinemetrie@gmail.com.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rieger
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D008954:Models, Biological; D018579:Patient Selection; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000379:methods; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011859:Radiography; D013131:Spine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Biokinemetrics; Lumbar interbody fusion; Minimal access spinal technology; Preoperative simulation; Spinal navigation