title: Development and evaluation of the Turkish matrix sentence test.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Turkish matrix sentence test, TURMatrix, was developed for precise, internationally comparable speech intelligibility testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  The TURMatrix comprises a base matrix of ten well-known Turkish names, numbers, adjectives, objects, verbs, from which syntactically fixed sentences were randomly composed. Test conduction may be in an open-set (standard), or closed-set response format. Homogeneity in intelligibility of the test material was optimized by applying level adaptations (maximal ± 3 dB) based on word-specific speech reception thresholds (SRTs). Test list equivalence was verified and reference values were determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight native listeners of Turkish with normal hearing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After training, mean SRT and slope of the final test lists were -8.3 ± 0.2 dB SNR and 14.1 ± 1.0%/dB, respectively (fixed SNR measurements; inter-list variability). For adaptive measurements, average across listeners was -7.2 ± 0.7 dB SNR in the open-set and -7.9 ± 0.7 dB SNR in the closed-set response format. Mean SRT for adaptive measurements in the open-set response format in quiet was 20.3 ± 4.1 dB. Individual SRTs in quiet correlated more closely with audiograms than with SRTs in noise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TURMatrix was developed according to European standards and provides reliable speech intelligibility measurements in noise and quiet.
authors.affiliation: a * Medizinische Physik and Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg , Germany.
authors.forename: Melanie A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zokoll
authors.affiliation: b Department of Turkish Language Teaching , Kocaeli University , Kocaeli , Turkey.
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fidan
authors.affiliation: c Audiology Department Health Sciences Faculty , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Didem
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Türkyılmaz
authors.affiliation: a * Medizinische Physik and Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg , Germany.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hochmuth
authors.affiliation: d Department of Linguistics , Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: İclâl
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Ergenç
authors.affiliation: c Audiology Department Health Sciences Faculty , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Gonca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sennaroğlu
authors.affiliation: a * Medizinische Physik and Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg , Germany.|e Hörzentrum Oldenburg GmbH , Oldenburg , Germany.|f HörTech gGmbH , Oldenburg , Germany.
authors.forename: Birger
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kollmeier
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000162:Acoustics; D000328:Adult; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D032882:Comprehension; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects; D010470:Perceptual Masking; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013065:Speech Intelligibility; D013067:Speech Perception; D013069:Speech Reception Threshold Test / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Speech audiometry; matrix sentence test, Turkish; signal-to-noise ratio (SNR); speech reception threshold (SRT); speech recognition in noise