title: A whole school approach: collaborative development of school health policies, processes, and practices.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model shows the interrelationship between health and learning and the potential for improving educational outcomes by improving health outcomes. However, current descriptions do not explain how to implement the model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The existing literature, including scientific articles, programmatic guidance, and publications by national agencies and organizations, was reviewed and synthesized to describe an overview of interrelatedness of learning and health and the 10 components of the WSCC model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The literature suggests potential benefits of applying the WSCC model at the district and school level. But, the model lacks specific guidance as to how this might be made actionable. A collaborative approach to health and learning is suggested, including a 10-step systematic process to help schools and districts develop an action plan for improving health and education outcomes. Essential preliminary actions are suggested to minimize the impact of the challenges that commonly derail systematic planning processes and program implementation, such as lack of readiness, personnel shortages, insufficient resources, and competing priorities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All new models require testing and evidence to confirm their value. District and schools will need to test this model and put plans into action to show that significant, substantial, and sustainable health and academic outcomes can be achieved.
authors.affiliation: Research Application and Evaluation Branch, Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, MS E-75, Atlanta, GA 30329. phunt@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Pete
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.affiliation: Research Application and Evaluation Branch, Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, MS E-75, Atlanta, GA 30329. lbarrios@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barrios
authors.affiliation: The University of Toledo, Department of Health and Recreation Professions, 2801 W. Bancroft Dr., Toledo, OH 43606. susan.telljohann@utoledo.edu.
authors.forename: Susan K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Telljohann
authors.affiliation: National Association of School Nurses, 1201 16th Street, NW #216 Washington, DC 20036-3290. dmazyck@nasn.org.
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mazyck
mesh_terms: D003256:Community Participation; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D007373:Interinstitutional Relations; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D007858:Learning; D017145:Models, Educational; D016730:Program Development; D012572:School Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012574:Schools; D013334:Students
keywords: Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model; academic achievement; coordinated school health; health outcomes; whole child