title: Priming the inflammatory pump of the CNS after traumatic brain injury.
abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to secondary neuropsychiatric problems that develop and persist years after injury. Mounting evidence indicates that neuroinflammatory processes progress after the initial head injury and worsen with time. Microglia contribute to this inflammation by maintaining a primed profile long after the acute effects of the injury have dissipated. This may set the stage for glial dysfunction and hyperactivity to challenges including subsequent head injury, stress, or induction of a peripheral immune response. This review discusses the evidence that microglia become primed following TBI and how this corresponds with vulnerability to a 'second hit' and subsequent neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, 333 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Kristina G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Witcher
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, 395 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Eiferman
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, 333 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, 460 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH, USA. Electronic address: jonathan.godbout@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Jonathan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Godbout
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000276:immunology*; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D017628:Microglia / Q000276:immunology*; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation / Q000502:physiology
keywords: immune challenge; microglia; neuroinflammation; priming; traumatic brain injury