title: Epigenetic modulation of Chlorella (Chlorella vulgaris) on exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
abstract: DNA methylation in promoter region can be a new chemopreventive marker against polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We performed a randomized, double blind and cross-over trial (N=12 healthy females) to evaluate chlorella (Chlorella vulgaris)-induced epigenetic modulation on exposure to PAHs. The subjects consumed 4 tablets of placebo or chlorella supplement (total chlorophyll ≈ 8.3mg/tablet) three times a day before meals for 2 weeks. When the subjects consumed chlorella, status of global hypermethylation (5-methylcytosine) was reduced, compared to placebo (p=0.04). However, DNA methylation at the DNMT1 or NQO1 was not modified by chlorella. We observed the reduced levels of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), a typical metabolite of PAHs, by chlorella intake (p<0.1) and a positive association between chlorella-induced changes in global hypermethylation and urinary 1-OHP (p<0.01). Therefore, our study suggests chlorella works for PAH-detoxification through the epigenetic modulation, the interference of ADME of PAHs and the interaction of mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Sookmyoung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: myang@sm.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Mihi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Wide River Institute of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Je-In
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Youn
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Joon
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Jong Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D048408:Chlorella vulgaris / Q000737:chemistry*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects*; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000187:drug effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000652:urine; D011897:Random Allocation; D013607:Tablets; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D011721:Pyrenes; D013607:Tablets; D004247:DNA; C033146:1-hydroxypyrene
keywords: Chlorella; Clinical trial; Epigenetic; Global methylation; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons