title: Reward related neurotransmitter changes in a model of depression: An in vivo microdialysis study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The self-medication hypothesis assumes that symptoms related to potential monoaminergic deficits in depression may be relieved by drug abuse. The aim of this study was to elucidate the neurotransmitter changes in a rat model of depression by measuring their levels in the nucleus accumbens shell, which is typically involved in the drug of abuse acquisition mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Depression was modelled by the olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) in Wistar male rats. In vivo microdialysis was performed, starting from the baseline and following after a single methamphetamine injection and behaviour was monitored. The determination of neurotransmitters and their metabolites was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OBX animals had lower basal levels of dopamine and serotonin and their metabolites. However, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate levels were increased. The methamphetamine injection induced stronger dopamine and serotonin release in the OBX rats and lower release of glutamate in comparison with sham-operated rats; GABA levels did not differ significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides an evidence of mesolimbic neurotransmitter changes in the rat model of depression which may elucidate mechanisms underlying intravenous self-administration studies in which OBX rats were demonstrated to have higher drug intake in comparison to intact controls.
authors.affiliation: a Experimental and Applied Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group , CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic .|b Department of Pharmacology , Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic .
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruda-Kucerova
authors.affiliation: a Experimental and Applied Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group , CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic .|b Department of Pharmacology , Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic .
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amchova
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pharmacology , Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic , and.
authors.forename: Tereza
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Havlickova
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pharmacology , Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic , and.
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jerabek
authors.affiliation: a Experimental and Applied Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group , CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic .|b Department of Pharmacology , Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic .
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Babinska
authors.affiliation: d Laboratory of Medicinal Diagnostics, Department of Organic Technology ICT , Prague , Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kacer
authors.affiliation: d Laboratory of Medicinal Diagnostics, Department of Organic Technology ICT , Prague , Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Kamila
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Syslova
authors.affiliation: a Experimental and Applied Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group , CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic .
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sulcova
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pharmacology , Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic , and.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sustkova-Fiserova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017551:Microdialysis; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012201:Reward; D012646:Self Administration; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015259:Dopamine Agents; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D012701:Serotonin; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D008694:Methamphetamine; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: Depression; in vivo microdialysis; methamphetamine; olfactory bulbectomy; rats