title: Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The high incidence and prevalence rates of depression among students identify them as a vulnerable population and make the case for the development of cost-effective treatments.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to examine the comparative effects of brief group metacognitive therapy (MCT) versus behavioural activation (BA) treatments for depression, anxiety, and emotion regulation in university students.
  
  
  METHODS
  All participants (25 women, 16 men; age range: 18-30 years) fulfilled criteria for major depression and were randomly assigned to MCT (n = 15), BA (n = 15), or a wait-list control group (n = 15). The treatment groups received 8 weekly MCT or BA sessions. Scores on the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire were used as outcome measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This pilot study showed that both treatments were equally effective for depressive and anxiety symptoms. However, therapeutic techniques differed with regards to their effects on specific facets of emotion regulation, such as Positive Reappraisal and Catastrophizing, with MCT being more effective compared to BA. BA also showed a stronger relapse at follow-up with regards to Acceptance and Refocus on Planning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that groups MCT and BA may be implemented as cost-effective treatments for students with moderate depression.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical Psychology , University of Kurdistan , Sanandaj , Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zemestani
authors.affiliation: b Department of Clinical Psychology , Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz , Ahvaz , Iran.
authors.forename: Iran
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Davoodi
authors.affiliation: b Department of Clinical Psychology , Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz , Ahvaz , Iran.
authors.forename: Mahnaz Mehrabizadeh
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Honarmand
authors.affiliation: b Department of Clinical Psychology , Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz , Ahvaz , Iran.
authors.forename: Yadollah
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zargar
authors.affiliation: c Department of Clinical Psychology , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy , and.|d Santa Lucia Foundation , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ottaviani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000628:therapy; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000628:therapy; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000067489:Metacognition; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anxiety; behavioural activation; depression; emotion; regulation metacognitive therapy