title: Mechanism and regulation of cytoplasmic dynein.
abstract: Until recently, dynein was the least understood of the cytoskeletal motors. However, a wealth of new structural, mechanistic, and cell biological data is shedding light on how this complicated minus-end-directed, microtubule-based motor works. Cytoplasmic dynein-1 performs a wide array of functions in most eukaryotes, both in interphase, in which it transports organelles, proteins, mRNAs, and viruses, and in mitosis and meiosis. Mutations in dynein or its regulators are linked to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we begin by providing a synthesis of recent data to describe the current model of dynein's mechanochemical cycle. Next, we discuss regulators of dynein, with particular focus on those that directly interact with the motor to modulate its recruitment to microtubules, initiate cargo transport, or activate minus-end-directed motility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; email: sreckpeterson@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cianfrocco
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; email: sreckpeterson@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Morgan E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: DeSantis
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; email: sreckpeterson@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Andres E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Leschziner
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; email: sreckpeterson@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Samara L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Reck-Peterson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology; D056445:Cytoplasmic Dyneins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008540:Meiosis / Q000502:physiology; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism; D008938:Mitosis / Q000502:physiology; D015388:Organelles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D056445:Cytoplasmic Dyneins
keywords: Lis1; Nudel/NudE; cytoskeleton; dynactin; microtubule; transport