title: A S-Layer Protein of Bacillus anthracis as a Building Block for Functional Protein Arrays by In Vitro Self-Assembly.
abstract: S-layer proteins create a cell-surface layer architecture in both bacteria and archaea. Because S-layer proteins self-assemble into a native-like S-layer crystalline structure in vitro, they are attractive building blocks in nanotechnology. Here, the potential use of the S-layer protein EA1 from Bacillus anthracis in constructing a functional nanostructure is investigated, and apply this nanostructure in a proof-of-principle study for serological diagnosis of anthrax. EA1 is genetically fused with methyl parathion hydrolase (MPH), to degrade methyl parathion and provide a label for signal amplification. EA1 not only serves as a nanocarrier, but also as a specific antigen to capture anthrax-specific antibodies. As results, purified EA1-MPH forms a single layer of crystalline nanostructure through self-assembly. Our chimeric nanocatalyst greatly improves enzymatic stability of MPH. When applied to the detection of anthrax-specific antibodies in serum samples, the detection of our EA1-MPH nanostructure is nearly 300 times more sensitive than that of the unassembled complex. Together, it is shown that it is possible to build a functional and highly sensitive nanosensor based on S-layer protein. In conclusion, our present study should serve as a model for the development of other multifunctional nanomaterials using S-layer proteins.
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.|State Key Laboratory of Agromicrobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Xu-Ying
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
authors.forename: Dian-Bing
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Ping
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
authors.forename: Li-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agromicrobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Ji-Bin
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Center for Biological Imaging, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
authors.forename: Xian-En
authors.initials: XE
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000881:Anthrax / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D001408:Bacillus anthracis / Q000737:chemistry*; D001665:Binding Sites; D003460:Crystallization / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008422:Materials Testing; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry; D040081:Protein Array Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011485:Protein Binding; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C055764:S-layer proteins; C574976:parathion hydrolase, Flavobacterium balustinum; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases
keywords: S-layer proteins; anthrax; methyl parathion hydrolase (MPH); nanocatalysts; self-assembly