title: Dietary fats significantly influence the survival of penumbral neurons in a rat model of chronic ischemic by modifying lipid mediators, inflammatory biomarkers, NOS production, and redox-dependent apoptotic signals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Brain stroke is the third most important cause of death in developed countries. We studied the effect of different dietary lipids on the outcome of a permanent ischemic stroke rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar rats were fed diets containing 7% commercial oils (S, soybean; O, olive; C, coconut; G, grape seed) for 35 d. Stroke was induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Coronal slices from ischemic brains and sham-operated animals were supravitally stained. Penumbra and core volumes were calculated by image digitalization after 24, 48, and 72 h poststroke. Homogenates and mitochondrial fractions were prepared from different zones and analyzed by redox status, inflammatory markers, ceramide, and arachidonate content, phospholipase A2, NOS, and proteases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Soybean (S) and G diets were mainly prooxidative and proinflammatory by increasing the liberation of arachidonate and its transformation into prostaglandins. O was protective in terms of redox homeostatic balance, minor increases in lipid and protein damage, conservation of reduced glutathione, protective activation of NOS in penumbra, and net ratio of anti-to proinflammatory cytokines. Apoptosis (caspase-3, milli- and microcalpains) was less activated by O than by any other diet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dietary lipids modulate NOS and PLA2 activities, ceramide production, and glutathione import into the mitochondrial matrix, finally determining the activation of the two main protease systems involved in programmed cell death. Olive oil appears to be a biological source for the isolation of protective agents that block the expansion of brain core at the expense of penumbral neurons.
authors.affiliation: LTO (Laboratorio de Transplante de Órganos), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lausada
authors.affiliation: INIBIOLP (Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata), CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arnal
authors.affiliation: INIBIOLP (Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata), CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Astiz
authors.affiliation: INIBIOLP (Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata), CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: María Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Marín
authors.affiliation: INIBIOLP (Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata), CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: Juan Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lofeudo
authors.affiliation: LTO (Laboratorio de Transplante de Órganos), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stringa
authors.affiliation: INIBIOLP (Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata), CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: María J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tacconi de Alaniz
authors.affiliation: LTO (Laboratorio de Transplante de Órganos), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: Nelva
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tacconi de Gómez Dumm
authors.affiliation: INIBIOLP (Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata), CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: Graciela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hurtado de Catalfo
authors.affiliation: INIBIOLP (Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata), CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: Norma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cristalli de Piñero
authors.affiliation: INIBIOLP (Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata), CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: María Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Pallanza de Stringa
authors.affiliation: INIBIOLP (Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata), CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: Eva María
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Illara de Bozzolo
authors.affiliation: DAIS (Dirección de Aplicación de Imágenes Satelitarias), Ministerio de Infraestructura de la Pcia. de Buenos Aires, La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: Enrique Gustavo
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Bozzarello
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neurología, Hospital San Roque, La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: Diana Olga
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Cristalli
authors.affiliation: INIBIOLP (Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata), CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina. Electronic address: Contactocarlos@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Carlos Alberto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Marra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003059:Cocos; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D031658:Olea; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000009:adverse effects; D013025:Glycine max; D020521:Stroke / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D027843:Vitis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D004041:Dietary Fats; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010938:Plant Oils; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase
keywords: Dietary lipids; Inflammation; Ischemic stroke; Lipid mediators; Neuronal death; Oxidative stress