title: A systems approach to understanding human rhinovirus and influenza virus infection.
abstract: Human rhinovirus and influenza virus infections of the upper airway lead to colds and the flu and can trigger exacerbations of lower airway diseases including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets are still needed to differentiate between the cold and the flu, since the clinical course of influenza can be severe while that of rhinovirus is usually more mild. In our investigation of influenza and rhinovirus infection of human respiratory epithelial cells, we used a systems approach to identify the temporally changing patterns of host gene expression from these viruses. After infection of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) with rhinovirus, influenza virus or co-infection with both viruses, we studied the time-course of host gene expression changes over three days. We modeled host responses to these viral infections with time and documented the qualitative and quantitative differences in innate immune activation and regulation.
authors.affiliation: The Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. Electronic address: taek-kyun.kim@systemsbiology.org.
authors.forename: Taek-Kyun
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: The Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. Electronic address: Anjalee.Malge@systemsbiology.org.
authors.forename: Anjali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bheda-Malge
authors.affiliation: The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH 45202, USA. Electronic address: Lin.y.2@pg.com.
authors.forename: Yakang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH 45202, USA. Electronic address: Sreekrishna.k@pg.com.
authors.forename: Koti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sreekrishna
authors.affiliation: The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH 45202, USA. Electronic address: adams.r.7@pg.com.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH 45202, USA. Electronic address: Robinson.mk@pg.com.
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH 45202, USA. Electronic address: bascom.cc@pg.com.
authors.forename: Charles C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Bascom
authors.affiliation: The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH 45202, USA. Electronic address: tiesman.jp@pg.com.
authors.forename: Jay P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Tiesman
authors.affiliation: The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH 45202, USA. Electronic address: isfort.rj@pg.com.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Isfort
authors.affiliation: The Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. Electronic address: rgelinas@systemsbiology.org.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gelinas
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000502:physiology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology*; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology*; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Co-infection; Epithelial cell; Gene expression time-course; Influenza virus; Rhinovirus