title: Effect of Qiguiyin Decoction on multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of Qiguiyin Decoction, QGYD) on multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pseudomonal infection model in SD rats was established by injecting multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa intraperitoneally. Infected rats were randomized into four groups treated with Pure water, QGYD, ceftazidime, or combined QGYD and ceftazidime. Blood samples were obtained from the abdominal aorta. Serum was then collected and analyzed by peptide array for immune responsiveness to multidrug-resistant beta-lactamase proteins, including Verona integronen-coded metallo-beta-lactamase 1 (VIM-1), Sao Paulo metallo-beta-lactamase 1 (SPM-1), and Temoniera (TEMs). Blood levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  QGYD enhanced antibody reactivity against VIM-1 [epitopes 7-11 and 36-40] and TEM-1 [epitopes 26-27, 52-55, and 66-70]. QGYD treatment restored the compromised antibody reactivity against VIM-1 [epitopes 53-54 and 56-58] and SPM-1 [epitopes 16-19 and 82-85] following pseudomonal infection. Serum levels of IL-1β and Th1/Th2 in the rats were significantly elevated following pseudomonal infection (P<0.05 orP<0.01). In contrast, QGYD and combination QGYD and ceftazidime treatment restored the elevated serum IL-1β and Th1/Th2 levels to normal (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  QGYD improves the immune response to pseudomonal infection in rats by stimulating the production of protective antibodies against drug-resistant proteins VIM-1, SPM-1, and TEM-1. In addition, it protects the immune system and maintains immune responsiveness by restoring IL-1β and Th1/Th2 levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
authors.forename: Ling-Bo
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: PepMetric Technologies Inc., Ottawa, Canada.
authors.forename: Guo-Song
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: PepMetric Technologies Inc., Ottawa, Canada.
authors.forename: Li-Xia
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Genovax Biotech Corperation, Beijing, 100089, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Beijing Genovax Biotech Corperation, Beijing, 100089, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Gang
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China. Liuqingquan2003@126.com.|Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China. Liuqingquan2003@126.com.
authors.forename: Qing-Quan
authors.initials: QQ
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; C417264:VIM-1 metallo-beta-lactamase; C476155:beta-lactamase SPM-1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; D001618:beta-Lactamases; C034413:beta-lactamase TEM-1
keywords: Chinese medicine; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Qiguiyin Decoction; multidrug-resistant; peptide array