title: Ammonia Affects Astroglial Proliferation in Culture.
abstract: Primary cultures of rat astroglial cells were exposed to 1, 3 and 5 mM NH4Cl for up to 10 days. Dose- and time-dependent reductions in cell numbers were seen, plus an increase in the proportion of cells in the S phase. The DNA content was reduced in the treated cells, and BrdU incorporation diminished. However, neither ammonia nor ammonia plus glutamine had any effect on DNA polymerase activity. iTRAQ analysis showed that exposure to ammonia induced a significant reduction in histone and heterochromatin protein 1 expression. A reduction in cell viability was also noted. The ammonia-induced reduction of proliferative activity in these cultured astroglial cells seems to be due to a delay in the completion of the S phase provoked by the inhibition of chromatin protein synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bodega
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Salud Carlos III, UFIEC, Unidad de Neuro-Oncología, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Berta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Segura
authors.affiliation: Proteomics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ciordia
authors.affiliation: Proteomics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María Del Carmen
authors.initials: Mdel C
authors.lastname: Mena
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis Andrés
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: López-Fernández
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Cultivos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Trabado
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Suárez
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D059807:S Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D006657:Histones; D000641:Ammonia; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine