title: Participant report of therapist-delivered active ingredients in a telephone-delivered brief motivational intervention predicts taking steps towards change.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Given the widespread potential for disseminating Motivational Interviewing (MI) through technology, the question of whether MI active ingredients are present when not delivered in person is critical to assure high treatment quality. The Participant Rating Form (PRF) was developed and used to evaluate therapist-delivered active ingredients in phone-delivered MI with hazardous drinking Emergency Department patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A factor analysis of all PRFs completed after receiving one call (n=256) was conducted. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine whether PRF factors predicted a measure of motivation to change -- taking steps-at the second call (n=214).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of participants were male (65%), with a mean age of 32 years and with an average alcohol ASSIST (Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test) score of 20.5 (SD= 7.1). Results of the factor analysis for the PRF revealed Relational (working collaboration) and Technical (MI behaviors) factors. After controlling for demographics, alcohol severity, and baseline readiness, the technical factor predicted self-report of increased taking steps towards change while the relational factor did not explain any additional variance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study adds to the growing literature investigating patient perspectives of therapist skill as a source of information to better understand MI active ingredients. The PRF is a feasible instrument for measuring the patient's experience of phone-based MI. Results indicate that MI active ingredients of change (relational and technical components) were present in the telephone intervention as hypothesized. Clinical Trial Registration # 01326169.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Christina S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Longabaugh
authors.affiliation: Emergency Medicine, Injury Prevention Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Janette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baird
authors.affiliation: Emergency Medicine, Injury Prevention Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Val
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Streszak
authors.affiliation: Emergency Medicine, Injury Prevention Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Ted
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nirenberg
authors.affiliation: Emergency Medicine, Injury Prevention Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mello
keywords: Motivational intervention; active ingredient; alcohol; participant perspective