title: Evaluating Device Design and Cleanability of Orthopedic Device Models Contaminated with a Clinically Relevant Bone Test Soil.
abstract: Reusable medical devices need to be cleaned prior to disinfection or sterilization and subsequent use to prevent infections. The cleanability of medical devices depends in part on the design of the device. This study examined how models of orthopedic medical devices of increasing complexity retain calcium phosphate bone cement, a relevant test soil for these devices.
  
  
  METHODS
  The dye Alizarin Red S and micro-computed tomography (μCT) were used to assess the amount and location of bone cement debris in a series of model orthopedic devices. Testing was performed after soiling and cleaning once, and soiling and cleaning 10 times.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The color change of the dye after reacting with the bone cement was useful for indicating the presence of bone cement in these models. High-resolution μCT analysis provided the volume and location of the bone cement. Models that were more complex retained significantly more bone debris than simpler designs. Model devices repeatedly soiled and cleaned 10 times retained significantly more bone debris than those soiled and cleaned once.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significantly more bone cement was retained in the more complex lumen structures. This information may be useful in designing reusable orthopedic devices, and other complex medical devices with lumens.
authors.forename: Anne D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: Srinidhi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagaraja
authors.forename: Edward A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Victoria M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Hitchins
mesh_terms: D000880:Anthraquinones; D001843:Bone Cements; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods*; D004866:Equipment Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D009984:Orthopedic Fixation Devices; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D001843:Bone Cements; C004468:Alizarin Red S