title: Changes in exposure temperature lead to changes in pesticide toxicity to earthworms: A preliminary study.
abstract: The occurring climate changes will have direct consequences to all ecosystems, including the soil ecosystems. The effects of climate change include, among other, the changes in temperature and greater frequency and intensity of extreme weather conditions. Temperature is an important factor in ecotoxicological investigations since it can act as a stressor and influence the physiological status of organisms, as well as affect the fate and transport of pollutants present in the environment. However, most of so far conducted (eco)toxicological investigations neglected the possible effects of temperature and focused solely on the effects of toxicants on organisms. Considering that temperature can contribute to the toxicity of pollutants, it is of immense importance to investigate whether the change in the exposure temperature will impact the strength of the toxic effects of pollutants present in soil ecosystems. Therefore, in the present study the toxicity of several commonly used pesticides to earthworms was assessed under different exposure temperatures (15, 20 and 25°C). The results showed that changes in exposure temperature lead to changes in susceptibility of earthworms to particular pesticides. Namely, exposures to the same pesticide concentration at different temperatures lead to different toxicity responses. Increase in exposure temperature in most cases caused increase in toxicity, whereas decrease in temperature mostly caused decrease in toxicity. This preliminary study points to need for an in-depth investigation of mechanisms by which temperature affects the toxicity of pesticides and also provides important data for future research on the effects of temperature change on the soil ecosystems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia. Electronic address: mirna.velki@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mirna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Velki
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia. Electronic address: sandra@biologija.unios.hr.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ečimović
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Earthworms; Mortality; Pesticides; Temperature change; Toxicity