title: Upper Face: Clinical Anatomy and Regional Approaches with Injectable Fillers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of facial fillers has been rapidly increased as the range of injectable products and indications continues to expand. Complications may arise from improper placement or technique. This article highlights the importance of anatomic knowledge when using injectable fillers in the face.
  
  
  METHODS
  A detailed review of the clinical anatomy of the upper face is performed. Regional approaches are described using the applied anatomy to efficiently and safely augment the different subunits of the upper face.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Key aspects of safe and successful injection of fillers in the upper face include a thorough knowledge of the location of fat compartments and neurovascular structures. Awareness of these structures enables the practitioner to maximize injections, while avoiding damage to important nerves and vessels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A detailed knowledge of the anatomy and properties of the product is paramount to maximize the efficacy while minimizing the risk of complications.
authors.affiliation: Sacramento, Vista, Los Angeles, Beverly Hills, and Irvine, Calif.; Salzburg, Austria; Paris, France; and Toronto, Ontario, Vancouver, British Columbia, Montreal and Westmount, Quebec; and Calgary, Alberta, Canada From Facial Plastic Surgery, University of California, Davis Medical Center; Institute of Anatomy, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg & Nuremberg; Expert2expert Group; Department of Dermatology, University of Toronto; Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia; private practice; Westmount Institute of Plastic Surgery; Victoria Park MediSpa; St. Mary's Hospital, McGill University; Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California; Beverly Hills Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine; and Remington Laser Dermatology Centre.
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sykes
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cotofana
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Trevidic
authors.forename: Nowell
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Solish
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carruthers
authors.forename: Alastair
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carruthers
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moradi
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Swift
authors.forename: Guy G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Massry
authors.forename: Val
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lambros
authors.forename: B Kent
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Remington
mesh_terms: D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007271:Injections, Intradermal
chemical_list: D006820:Hyaluronic Acid