title: Replication Inhibition of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus in Co-Infected Patients in Chinese Population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infections contributes to a substantial proportion of liver disease worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and virological features of HBV-HCV co-infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic data were collected for 3238 high-risk people from an HCV-endemic region in China. Laboratory tests included HCV antibody and HBV serological markers, liver function tests, and routine blood analysis. Anti-HCV positive samples were analyzed for HCV RNA levels and subgenotypes. HBsAg-positive samples were tested for HBV DNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1468 patients had chronic HCV and/or HBV infections. Among them, 1200 individuals were classified as HCV mono-infected, 161 were classified as HBV mono-infected, and 107 were classified as co-infected. The HBV-HCV co-infected patients not only had a lower HBV DNA positive rate compared to HBV mono-infected patients (84.1% versus 94.4%, respectively; P < 0.001). The median HCV RNA levels in HBV-HCV co-infected patients were significantly lower than those in the HCV mono-infected patients (1.18[Interquartile range (IQR) 0-5.57] versus 5.87[IQR, 3.54-6.71] Log10 IU/mL, respectively; P < 0.001). Furthermore, co-infected patients were less likely to have detectable HCV RNA levels than HCV mono-infected patients (23.4% versus 56.5%, respectively; P < 0.001). Those HBV-HCV co-infected patients had significantly lower median HBV DNA levels than those mono-infected with HBV (1.97[IQR, 1.3-3.43] versus 3.06[IQR, 2-4.28] Log10 IU/mL, respectively; P < 0.001). The HBV-HCV co-infection group had higher ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, APRI and FIB-4 levels, but lower ALB and total platelet compared to the HBV mono-infection group, and similar to that of the HCV mono-infected group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that co-infection with HCV and HBV inhibits the replication of both viruses. The serologic results of HBV-HCV co-infection in patients suggests more liver injury compared to HBV mono-infected patients, but is similar to HCV mono-infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Ge
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiumei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Ruihong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiuzhu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiangwei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Yuanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Xinxing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Jinglan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhengkun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Junqi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002681:China; D015331:Cohort Studies; D060085:Coinfection / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000502:physiology*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000502:physiology*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014779:Virus Replication