title: Water Selective Imaging and bSSFP Banding Artifact Correction in Humans and Small Animals at 3T and 7T, Respectively.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this paper is to develop an easy method to generate both fat signal and banding artifact free 3D balanced Steady State Free Precession (bSSFP) images at high magnetic field.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to suppress fat signal and bSSFP banding artifacts, two or four images were acquired with the excitation frequency of the water-selective binomial radiofrequency pulse set On Resonance or shifted by a maximum of 3/4TR. Mice and human volunteers were imaged at 7 T and 3 T, respectively to perform whole-body and musculoskeletal imaging. "Sum-Of-Square" reconstruction was performed and combined or not with parallel imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency selectivity of 1-2-3-2-1 or 1-3-3-1 binomial pulses was preserved after (3/4TR) frequency shifting. Consequently, whole body small animal 3D imaging was performed at 7 T and enabled visualization of small structures within adipose tissue like lymph nodes. In parallel, this method allowed 3D musculoskeletal imaging in humans with high spatial resolution at 3 T. The combination with parallel imaging allowed the acquisition of knee images with ~500 μm resolution images in less than 2 min. In addition, ankles, full head coverage and legs of volunteers were imaged, demonstrating the possible application of the method also for large FOV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, this robust method can be applied in small animals and humans at high magnetic fields. The high SNR and tissue contrast obtained in short acquisition times allows to prescribe bSSFP sequence for several preclinical and clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536, CNRS/University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Emeline J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Ribot
authors.affiliation: Bruker Biospin MRI GMBH, Ettlingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wecker
authors.affiliation: Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536, CNRS/University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Aurélien J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Trotier
authors.affiliation: Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536, CNRS/University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dallaudière
authors.affiliation: Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536, CNRS/University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lefrançois
authors.affiliation: Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536, CNRS/University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thiaudière
authors.affiliation: Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536, CNRS/University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Franconi
authors.affiliation: Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536, CNRS/University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miraux
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016477:Artifacts; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005223:Fats / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005223:Fats; D014867:Water