title: Antioxidant and anti hyperglycemic role of wine grape powder in rats fed with a high fructose diet.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolic syndrome is a growing worldwide health problem. We evaluated the effects of wine grape powder (WGP), rich in antioxidants and fiber, in a rat model of metabolic syndrome induced by a high fructose diet. We tested whether WGP supplementation may prevent glucose intolerance and decrease oxidative stress in rats fed with a high fructose diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180 g were divided into four groups according to their feeding protocols. Rats were fed with control diet (C), control plus 20 % WGP (C + WGP), 50 % high fructose (HF) or 50 % fructose plus 20 % WGP (HF + WGP) for 16 weeks. Blood glucose, insulin and triglycerides, weight, and arterial blood pressure were measured. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index was calculated using insulin and glucose values. A glucose tolerance test was performed 2 days before the end of the experiment. As an index of oxidative stress, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level was measured in plasma and kidney, and superoxide dismutase was measured in the kidney.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in plasma and renal tissue were significantly higher when compared to the control group. In addition, the area under the curve of the glucose tolerance test was higher in HF fed animals. Furthermore, fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin levels, and the HOMA index, were also increased. WGP supplementation prevented these alterations in rats fed with the HF diet. We did not find any significant difference in body weight or systolic blood pressure in any of the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that WGP supplementation prevented hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and reduced oxidative stress in rats fed with HF diet. We propose that WGP may be used as a supplement in human food as well.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. romina.hernandez.salinas@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Romina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hernández-Salinas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. valeriedecap@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Decap
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. alberto.leguina@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leguina
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. pato.cdiaz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Patricio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cáceres
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. dperezp@uc.cl.
authors.forename: Druso
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. iurquiaga@bio.puc.cl.
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Urquiaga
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. riturriaga@bio.puc.cl.|Center for Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. riturriaga@bio.puc.cl.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iturriaga
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. vvelarde@bio.puc.cl.|Center for Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. vvelarde@bio.puc.cl.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Velarde
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D062186:Arterial Pressure; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D011208:Powders / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000032:analysis; D013858:Thiobarbiturates / Q000032:analysis; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000032:analysis; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D011208:Powders; D013858:Thiobarbiturates; D014280:Triglycerides; D005632:Fructose; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C029684:thiobarbituric acid