title: Reduced sensitivity to neutral feedback versus negative feedback in subjects with mild depression: Evidence from event-related potentials study.
abstract: Many previous event-related potential (ERP) studies have linked the feedback related negativity (FRN) component with medial frontal cortex processing and associated this component with depression. Few if any studies have investigated the processing of neutral feedback in mildly depressive subjects in the normal population. Two experiments compared brain responses to neutral feedback with behavioral performance in mildly depressed subjects who scored highly on the Beck Depression Inventory (high BDI) and a control group with lower BDI scores (low BDI). In the first study, the FRN component was recorded when neutral, negative or positive feedback was pseudo-randomly delivered to the two groups in a time estimation task. In the second study, real feedback was provided to the two groups in the same task in order to measure their actual accuracy of performance. The results of experiment one (Exp. 1) revealed that a larger FRN effect was elicited by neutral feedback than by negative feedback in the low BDI group, but no significant difference was found between neutral condition and negative condition in the High BDI group. The present findings demonstrated that depressive tendencies influence the processing of neutral feedback in medial frontal cortex. The FRN effect may work as a helpful index for investigating cognitive bias in depression in future studies.
authors.affiliation: Brian Function and Psychological Science Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China.
authors.forename: Xinxin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoran
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China.
authors.forename: Jiayi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China.
authors.forename: Fengtong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China.
authors.forename: Zhonghua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China.
authors.forename: Xinxin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China.
authors.forename: Hewei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China.
authors.forename: Wenmiao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Brian Function and Psychological Science Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China. Electronic address: lihongwrm@vip.sina.com.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116029, China. Electronic address: cong@dlut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Fengyu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cong
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK.
authors.forename: Debi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roberson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D030141:Feedback, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ACC; Depression; FRN; Neutral feedback; Reinforcement learning