title: Effect of intra-abdominal administration of ligustrazine nanoparticles nano spray on postoperative peritoneal adhesion in rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to evaluate the preventive effect of the ligustrazine nanoparticles nano spray (LNNS) for postoperative peritoneal adhesions in female rat models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty Wistar female rats weighting 250-300 g were randomly assigned to seven equal groups. All animals in the seven groups underwent midline laparotomy and ceca were abraded with sterile rasp. Group 1 underwent sham operations without treatment. In group 2, a postoperative peritoneal adhesion model was created, but no medication was given. In group 3, a postoperative peritoneal adhesion model was treated with LNNS, 2.5 mg/kg. In group 4, a postoperative peritoneal adhesion model was treated with LNNS, 5 mg/kg. In group 5, a postoperative peritoneal adhesion model was treated with LNNS, 10 mg/kg. In group 6, a postoperative peritoneal adhesion model was treated with polylactic acid (PLA) nanoparticle. In group 7, a postoperative peritoneal adhesion model was treated with ligustrazine, 2.5 mg/kg. Ten days after surgery, macroscopic and pathologic assessments were performed, and peritoneal fluid samples were collected in each group. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in peritoneal fluid were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The adhesion score and extent of groups 4 and 5 was lower than that of group 2 in macroscopic assessment (P < 0.05). A comparison of tumor necrosis factor-α and tissue plasminogen activator level in the peritoneal fluid also demonstrated significant differences among groups 2, 4 and 5 (P < 0.05). The levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in peritoneal fluid in the LNNS groups were decreased compared to group 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest that LNNS could reduce peritoneal adhesion formation and it could be applied as a novel intervention for postoperative peritoneal adhesion.
authors.affiliation: Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yin-zi
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: Library of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Yancheng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yancheng, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: Library of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Wen-lin
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Chun-qin
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Library of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010532:Peritoneal Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000032:analysis; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D011719:Pyrazines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C017953:tetramethylpyrazine
keywords: experimental study; ligustrazine nanoparticles nano spray; peritoneal adhesions