title: In Vitro Differentiation of Naïve CD4⁺ T Cells: A Tool for Understanding the Development of Atherosclerosis.
abstract: A complete knowledge of atherosclerosis requires a better understanding of how innate and adaptive immunity operate systemically and locally within the arterial wall. T-helper 1 (Th1) lymphocyte responses have proatherogenic effects in mice, contrasting with the responses of T regulatory cells (Tregs), which can suppress growth of atherosclerotic lesions. An imbalance in the differentiation of T-helper cells may therefore impact the development, size, and stability of atherosclerosis plaques. This chapter describes a method to isolate naïve CD4(+) T cells from atherosclerosis-prone mouse peripheral blood lymphocytes and to differentiate these CD4(+) T cells in vitro to various T helper cell lineages. These techniques allow the analysis of T lymphocytes in vitro, a necessary step in the study of molecular mechanisms involved in the inflammatory responses that trigger atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iborra
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain. jmagonzalez@cnic.es.
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: González-Granado
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D018189:Immunomagnetic Separation / Q000379:methods*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D010641:Phenotype; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Immunomagnetic isolation; T cell differentiation; Th1; Th17; Th2