title: Common variants at the CHEK2 gene locus and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer.
abstract: Genome-wide association studies have identified 20 genomic regions associated with risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), but many additional risk variants may exist. Here, we evaluated associations between common genetic variants [single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and indels] in DNA repair genes and EOC risk. We genotyped 2896 common variants at 143 gene loci in DNA samples from 15 397 patients with invasive EOC and controls. We found evidence of associations with EOC risk for variants at FANCA, EXO1, E2F4, E2F2, CREB5 and CHEK2 genes (P ≤ 0.001). The strongest risk association was for CHEK2 SNP rs17507066 with serous EOC (P = 4.74 x 10(-7)). Additional genotyping and imputation of genotypes from the 1000 genomes project identified a slightly more significant association for CHEK2 SNP rs6005807 (r (2) with rs17507066 = 0.84, odds ratio (OR) 1.17, 95% CI 1.11-1.24, P = 1.1×10(-7)). We identified 293 variants in the region with likelihood ratios of less than 1:100 for representing the causal variant. Functional annotation identified 25 candidate SNPs that alter transcription factor binding sites within regulatory elements active in EOC precursor tissues. In The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset, CHEK2 gene expression was significantly higher in primary EOCs compared to normal fallopian tube tissues (P = 3.72×10(-8)). We also identified an association between genotypes of the candidate causal SNP rs12166475 (r (2) = 0.99 with rs6005807) and CHEK2 expression (P = 2.70×10(-8)). These data suggest that common variants at 22q12.1 are associated with risk of serous EOC and CHEK2 as a plausible target susceptibility gene.
authors.affiliation: Present address: Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA and.
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authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Shvetsov
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK.
authors.forename: Nadeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sieh
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research laboratory, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK.
authors.forename: Honglin
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authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3002, Australia.
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authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Southey
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA.
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sucheston
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway, Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway.
authors.forename: Ingvild L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Tangen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Soo-Hwang
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Teo
authors.affiliation: Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Terry
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention and Control, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Community and Population Health Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
authors.forename: Pamela J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Oncology, IInd Faculty of Medicine, Warsaw Medical University and Brodnowski Hospital, Warsaw 03-242, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Timorek
authors.affiliation: Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Shelley S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Tworoger
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
authors.forename: Els
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van Nieuwenhuysen
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ignace
authors.initials: I
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authors.affiliation: Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Vierkant
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulm, Ulm 89075, Germany.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang-Gohrke
authors.affiliation: Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
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authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wentzensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Alice S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Whittemore
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Kristine G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Wicklund
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Hawaii 96826, USA.
authors.forename: Lynne R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Wilkens
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Yin-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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authors.initials: AH
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authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
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authors.initials: H
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authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
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authors.initials: W
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authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Cancer Center, Utrecht 3542 EG, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Argyrios
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authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology and Preventive Medicine, Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Coetzee
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, 02115, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Program, Division of Population Sciences, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA and.
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authors.initials: AN
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authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw 02-781, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moes-Sosnowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw 02-781, Poland.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research laboratory, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK.
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authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Pharoah
authors.affiliation: Present address: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
authors.forename: Simon A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gayther
authors.affiliation: Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA, Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA, jms2yf@virginia.edu.
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authors.initials: JM
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mesh_terms: D000077216:Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D056426:Genetic Loci; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D009375:Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial / Q000235:genetics*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; C578634:CHEK2 protein, human