title: Value of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Failed Ablation Procedures for Ventricular Tachycardia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients with cardiomyopathy originates in scar tissue. Intramural or epicardial scar may result in ineffective ablation if mapping and ablation are limited to the endocardium. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether preprocedural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is beneficial in patients with failed endocardial VT ablations in determining an appropriate ablation strategy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A cardiac MRI was performed in 20 patients with a failed ablation procedure and cardiomyopathy (nonischemic n = 12, ischemic n = 8). A subsequent ablation strategy was determined by a delayed enhanced MRI (DE-MRI) and an epicardial subxyphoid access was planned only in patients with epicardial or intramural free-wall scar. MRIs were performed in all patients with or without an implanted cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). The location of scar tissue in the MRI predicted the origin of VT in all patients. In 9/20 patients an epicardial procedure was performed based on the result of the MRI. An endocardial procedure was performed in the remaining 11 patients who had either endocardial or septal scarring and one patient in whom the MRI only showed artifact. Five patients remained inducible postablation and four patients had VT recurrence within a follow-up period of 17 ± 22 months. All of the latter patients had an intramural scar pattern.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Imaging with DE-MRI prior to VT ablation in patients with previously failed endocardial ablation procedures is beneficial in identifying an ablation strategy, helps to focus on an area of interest intraprocedurally, and provides valuable outcomes information.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Njeim
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yokokawa
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Luba
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Good
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morady
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bogun
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D002648:Child; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D003287:Contrast Media; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008536:Meglumine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012086:Reoperation; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C064572:gadobenic acid; D008536:Meglumine
keywords: cardiac MRI; catheter ablation; ischemic cardiomyopathy; nonischemic cardiomyopathy; ventricular tachycardia