title: Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Behavioral Recovery during Early Stage of Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats.
abstract: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising technique that modulates neural networks. However, there were few studies evaluating the effects of rTMS in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Herein, we assessed the effectiveness of rTMS on behavioral recovery and metabolic changes using brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in a rat model of TBI. We also evaluated the safety of rTMS by measuring brain swelling with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent lateral fluid percussion and were randomly assigned to the sham (n=10) or the rTMS (n=10) group. rTMS was applied on the fourth day after TBI and consisted of 10 daily sessions for 2 weeks with 10 Hz frequency (total pulses=3,000). Although the rTMS group showed an anti-apoptotic effect around the peri-lesional area, functional improvements were not significantly different between the two groups. Additionally, rTMS did not modulate brain metabolites in MRS, nor was there any change of brain lesion or edema after magnetic stimulation. These data suggest that rTMS did not have beneficial effects on motor recovery during early stages of TBI, although an anti-apoptosis was observed in the peri-lesional area.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Medical Research Institute, Regenerative & Neuroscience Laboratory, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Jae
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Medical Research Institute, Regenerative & Neuroscience Laboratory, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Taek
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Pil-Wook
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yun Kyung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dae Yul
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Min Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Apoptosis; BAX; Bcl-2; Brain Injury; Recovery; TBI; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; rTMS