title: The Effect of Covalently Immobilized FGF-2 on Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Bone Substitute on Enhanced Biological Compatibility and Activity.
abstract: The purpose of this research was to covalently graft fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) onto biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) via a bifunctional cross-linker technique and to estimate the optimal dose of FGF-2 resulting in the best osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). SEM observation revealed that the surface of the 100 ng FGF-2 coated BCP was completely covered with the nanoparticles expected to be from the silane coupling agent. XRD, FT-IR, and XPS analysis showed that silane treatment, bifunctional cross-linker coating, and FGF-2 covalent grafts were conducted successfully without deforming the crystalline structure of BCP. An MTT assay demonstrated that FGF-2 coated BCP had good biocompatibility, regardless of the concentration of FGF-2, after 24 or 48 h of incubation. An alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay (14 days of incubation) and the ALP gene expression level of real-time PCR analysis (7 days of incubation) revealed that 50, 100, and 200 ng FGF-2 coated BCP induced the highest activities among all experimental groups and control group (P < 0.05). Thus, low concentrations of FGF-2 facilitated excellent osteogenesis and were effective at enhancing osteogenic potential. Also, the bifunctional cross-linker technique is expected to be a more feasible way to induce osteogenic differentiation while minimizing the risk of FGF-2 overdose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Biomaterials and Institute of Biomaterial and Implant, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Suk
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Joo
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Biomaterials and Institute of Biomaterial and Implant, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seunghan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, School of Dentistry, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sungtae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000494:pharmacology; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000378:metabolism; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D055767:Immobilized Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D055767:Immobilized Proteins; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; C020243:calcium phosphate; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate