title: Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction from Rice Bran Demonstrates Potent Radiation Protection Activity.
abstract: The vitamin E analogs δ-tocotrienol (DT3) and γ-tocotrienol (GT3) have significant protective and mitigative capacity against the detrimental effects of ionizing radiation (IR). However, the expense of purification limits their potential use. This study examined the tocotrienol-rich fraction of rice bran (TRFRB) isolated from rice bran deodorizer distillate, a rice oil refinement waste product, to determine its protective effects against IR induced oxidative damage and H2O2. Several cell lines were treated with tocotrienols or TRFRB prior to or following exposure to H2O2 or IR. To determine the radioprotective capacity cells were analyzed for morphology, mitochondrial bioenergetics, clonogenic survival, glutathione oxidation, cell cycle, and migration rate. TRFRB displayed similar antioxidant activity compared to pure tocotrienols. Cells pretreated with TRFRB or DT3 exhibited preserved cell morphology and mitochondrial respiration when exposed to H2O2. Oxidized glutathione was decreased in TRFRB treated cells exposed to IR. TRFRB reversed mitochondrial uncoupling and protected cells migration rates following IR exposure. The protective antioxidant capacity of TRFRB treated cells against oxidative injury was similar to that of purified DT3. TRFRB effectively protects normal cells against IR induced injury suggesting that rice bran distillate may be an inexpensive and abundant alternate source.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Health, . University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, No. 522-10, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, No. 522-10, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Krager
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, No. 522-10, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
authors.forename: E Nathalie
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Pineda
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, No. 522-10, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
authors.forename: Sujay V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Kharade
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kordsmeier
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA.
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, No. 522-10, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Breen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, No. 522-10, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
authors.forename: Cesar M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Compadre
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Health, . University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, No. 522-10, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, No. 522-10, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA ; Surgical Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hauer-Jensen
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Health, . University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, No. 522-10, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, No. 522-10, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
authors.forename: Nukhet
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aykin-Burns