title: Risk factors for anterior traumatic dental injury in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders: a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This was to assess and compare risk factors for traumatic dental injury (TDI) among children/adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorders (ASD).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study consisted of 122 children and adolescents (98 males, 24 females), 61 with ASD (study group) and 61 without ASD (control group, CG). Dental injuries were determined according to Andreaseńss classification. The cause, location and type of activity at the time of trauma were recorded from patient/carer recollection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with ASD presented higher percentages of TDI in routine activities (P = 0.003), falling while walking and episodes of self-harm (P = 0.007) in the individual's own residence (P = 0.036). TDI prevalence in the ASD group was higher (39.3%) than in the CG (26.2%) though not significant, (P = 0.123). Girls with ASD presented a significantly higher TDI percentage (50.0%) compared with girls from the CG (8.3%) (P = 0.024). Enamel fracture was the most frequent type of TDI for both groups (P = 0.292). The teeth most commonly affected were #11 and #21 for both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children and adolescents with ASD exhibit different risk factors for TDI compared with those without ASD, and girls with ASD are more prone than boys.
authors.affiliation: Coordinator School of Dentistry University Center of Volta Redonda (UniFOA), Campus Olezio Galotti-Três Poços, Avenida Paulo Erlei Alves Abrantes, 1325 Três Poços, Volta Redonda, RJ, 27240-560, Brazil.
authors.forename: R C H
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Habibe
authors.affiliation: Persons with Disabilities Division, Institute of Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, 01506-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: A O L
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.affiliation: Persons with Disabilities Division, Institute of Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, 01506-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Guaré
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, 01506-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Diniz
authors.affiliation: Persons with Disabilities Division, Institute of Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, 01506-000, Brazil. drsantosmt@yahoo.com.br.|Individuals with Special Needs, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Constantino de Souza, 454, apto 141, São Paulo, SP, 04605-001, Brazil. drsantosmt@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: M T B R
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000150:complications*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D018677:Tooth Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Autistic disorder; Epidemiology; Prevalence; Tooth injuries