title: Fast, Ultrasensitive Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species Using a Carbon Nanotube Based-Electrocatalytic Intracellular Sensor.
abstract: Herein, we report a highly sensitive electrocatalytic sensor-cell construct that can electrochemically communicate with the internal environment of immune cells (e.g., macrophages) via the selective monitoring of a particular reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide. The sensor, which is based on vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with an osmium electrocatalyst, enabled the unprecedented detection of a local intracellular "pulse" of ROS on a short second time scale in response to bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide-LPS) stimulation. Our studies have shown that this initial pulse of ROS is dependent on NADPH oxidase (NOX) and toll like receptor 4 (TLR4). The results suggest that bacteria can induce a rapid intracellular pulse of ROS in macrophages that initiates the classical innate immune response of these cells to infection.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Frankie J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Rawson
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biomedical and Healthcare Science, Plymouth University , Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dodd
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biomedical and Healthcare Science, Plymouth University , Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Wondwossen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Abate
authors.affiliation: School of Physics, The University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Garrett
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nga
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biomedical and Healthcare Science, Plymouth University , Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Gyorgy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fejer
authors.forename: Alison J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Downard
authors.forename: Kim H R
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Baronian
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biomedical and Healthcare Science, Plymouth University , Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Simon K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Paula M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Mendes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000737:chemistry; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D019255:NADPH Oxidases
keywords: carbon nanotubes; electrocatalytic sensor; hydrogen peroxide; intracellular sensor; macrophage cells; reactive oxygen species