title: Worldwide disparities in cardiovascular disease: Challenges and solutions.
abstract: The 20th century saw cardiovascular disease ascend as the leading cause of death in the world. In response to the new challenge that heart disease imposed, the cardiovascular community responded with ground breaking innovations in the form of evidence based medications that have improved survival, imaging modalities that allow for precise diagnosis and guide treatment; revascularization strategies that have not only reduced morbidity, but also improved survival following an acute myocardial infarction. However the benefits have not been distributed equitably and as a result disparities have arisen in cardiovascular care. There is tremendous data from the United States demonstrating the many phenotypical forms of disparities. This paper takes a global view of disparities and highlights that disparate care is not limited to the United States and it is another challenge that the medical community should rise and face head on.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States. Electronic address: iokwuos1@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Ike S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Okwuosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States.
authors.forename: Sabra C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lewsey
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States.
authors.forename: Tolulope
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Adesiyun
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States.
authors.forename: Roger S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Blumenthal
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
authors.forename: Clyde W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Yancy
mesh_terms: D057791:Cardiac Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D014943:Global Health; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000379:methods; D013534:Survival
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Disparate care; Disparities; Worldwide