title: Description and Phylogeny of Urostyla grandis wiackowskii subsp. nov. (Ciliophora, Hypotricha) from an Estuarine Mangrove in Brazil.
abstract: Interphase specimens, aspects of physiological reorganization and divisional morphogenesis were investigated in a strain of a hypotrichous ciliate highly similar to Urostyla grandis Ehrenberg, (type species of Urostyla), collected from a mangrove area in the estuary of the Paraíba do Sul river (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). The results revealed that albeit interphase specimens match with the known morphologic variability in U. grandis, morphogenetic processes have conspicuous differences. Parental adoral zone is entirely renewed during morphogenesis, and marginal cirri exhibit a unique combination of developmental modes, in which left marginal rows originate from multiple anlagen arising from innermost left marginal cirral row, whereas right marginal ciliature originates from individual within-row anlagen. Based on such characteristics, a new subspecies, namely U. grandis wiackowskii subsp. nov. is proposed, and consequently, U. grandis grandis Ehrenberg, stat. nov. is established. Bayesian and maximum-likelihood analyses of the 18S rDNA unambiguously placed U. grandis wiackowskii as adelphotaxon of a cluster formed by other U. grandis sequences. The implications of such findings to the systematics of Urostyla are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Protistologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil.|Laboratório de Biologia Molecular "Francisco Mauro Salzano", Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago da Silva
authors.initials: Tda S
authors.lastname: Paiva
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering Ministry of Education, Department of Biology and Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Evolutiva Teórica e Aplicada, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Noemi Mendes
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Instituto Socioambiental e dos Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bárbara do Nascimento
authors.initials: Bdo N
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Protistologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Inácio Domingos
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: da Silva-Neto
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D016798:Ciliophora / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology* / Q000235:genetics; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009024:Morphogenesis; D010784:Photomicrography; D010802:Phylogeny; D045483:Rivers / Q000469:parasitology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal
keywords: Ciliate; morphogenesis; morphology; taxonomy