title: Childhood trauma as a risk factor for psychosis: A sib-pair study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Childhood trauma, cannabis use and certain personality traits have been related to the development of psychosis. This study uses a sib-pair design to examine the association between childhood trauma and psychosis controlling for cannabis use and neuroticism.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 60 patient-sibling pairs, conformed by patients with functional psychosis in the first five years of their illness matched with a non-psychotic sibling. In univariate analyses, patients and siblings were compared with McNemar tests and paired-sample t tests. A conditional logistic regression model of the risk of developing psychosis was built. The dependent variable of this model was the patient-sibling status (patient = 1, sibling = 0).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After controlling for cannabis use and neuroticism, the odds of suffering psychosis for subjects who experienced a childhood trauma were 7.3 times higher than the odds for subjects who did not experience a childhood trauma [95% CI, (1.06-50.01); P = 0.04]. Also, after controlling for experiencing childhood trauma and neuroticism, subjects who were heavy cannabis users had odds of suffering psychosis that were 6.4 times higher than the odds of the remaining subjects [95% CI, (1.2-35.2); P = 0.03].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both childhood trauma and cannabis use were significantly associated with an increased risk of suffering functional psychosis. A neurotic personality also contributed independently to this risk. These findings might help improve the prevention of psychosis and the development of specific treatment strategies on this specific population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Barrigón
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and CTS-549 Research Group, Institute of Neurosciences, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gurpegui
authors.affiliation: Huntercombe Hospital Maidenhead, London, UK; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK; Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, University of Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Maite
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrin
authors.affiliation: Grupo Neurodesarrollo y Psicosis, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, UGC Salud Mental HVR, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: María Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Salcedo
authors.affiliation: Grupo Neurodesarrollo y Psicosis, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, UGC Salud Mental HVR, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Josefa
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moreno-Granados
authors.affiliation: Cibersam Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Universidad de Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Jorge A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cervilla
authors.affiliation: Grupo Neurodesarrollo y Psicosis, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, UGC Salud Mental HVR, Sevilla, Spain. Electronic address: miguel.ruiz.veguilla.sspa@juntadeandalucia.es.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Veguilla
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054523:Adult Survivors of Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000453:epidemiology; D000075384:Neuroticism; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D035781:Siblings / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Cannabis; Childhood abuse; Childhood trauma; Neuroticism; Psychosis; Sib-pair design