title: Sargaquinoic acid attenuates inflammatory responses by regulating NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.
abstract: Myagropsis myagroides, a brown alga, showed strong anti-inflammatory activities in the previous studies. In this study, we isolated a strong anti-inflammatory compound, sargaquinoic acid (SQA), from M. myagroides and investigated the anti-inflammatory action using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. SQA suppressed the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in LPS-stimulated cells as well as that of reactive oxygen species. As a result, SQA inhibited the production of NO, prostaglandin E2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. LPS-induced transcriptional activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was remarkably inhibited by SQA treatment through the prevention of inhibitor κB-α degradation. The regulation of NF-κB activation was also mediated by the phosphorylation of ERK and Akt in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, SQA induced the production of heme oxygenase 1 via activation of transcription factor Nrf2. These results indicate that SQA inhibits the LPS-induced expression of inflammatory mediators via suppression of ERK and Akt-mediated NF-κB pathway as well as up-regulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, indicating that SQA has a potential therapeutic and preventive application in various inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Ji
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Joung
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, South Korea.
authors.forename: Bonggi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, South Korea.
authors.forename: Wi-Gyeong
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Gwon
authors.affiliation: Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea.
authors.forename: Taisun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea.
authors.forename: Bok-Mi
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Food and Safety Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-705, South Korea.
authors.forename: Na-Young
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Sue
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chul Woong
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, South Korea. Electronic address: hrkim@pknu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hyeung-Rak
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000475:Alkenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D000459:Phaeophyceae
chemical_list: D000475:Alkenes; D016227:Benzoquinones; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D016328:NF-kappa B; C495636:Nfe2l2 protein, mouse; C477718:sargaquinoic acid; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; C496542:Hmox1 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2
keywords: Anti-inflammation; Antioxidant; Myagropsis myagroides; NF-κB; Nrf2; Sargaquinoic acid