title: Expression of semaphorin 3A, semaphorin 7A and their receptors in multiple sclerosis lesions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies in multiple sclerosis (MS) and in experimental models point to a critical role of semaphorin (sema)3A and sema7A in MS pathogenesis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this paper is to characterise the expression of sema3A, sema7A, and their receptors in MS lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 44 demyelinating lesions from MS patients, 12 lesions with acute cerebral infarct, 11 lesions with progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy and 10 non-neurological control patients. MS lesions were classified according to inflammatory activity and all samples were immunostained for sema3A, sema7A, neuropilin 1 (Np-1), α1-integrin, and β1-integrin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In MS-damaged white matter sema3A and Np-1 were both detected in microglia/macrophages, whereas reactive astrocytes expressed only sema3A. Otherwise, sema7A, α1-integrin and β1-integrin were observed in reactive astrocytes, and microglia/macrophages only expressed β1-integrin. The expression of sema3A, sema7A and their receptors is more relevant in MS than in other demyelinating diseases. Sema3A and sema7A expression correlated with the inflammatory activity of the MS lesions, suggesting their involvement in the immunological process that takes place in MS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expression pattern of sema3A, sema7A and their receptors in MS lesions suggests that both molecules contribute to create a negative environment for tissue regeneration, influencing the ability to regenerate the damaged tissue.
authors.affiliation: Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Servei d'Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martínez-Sáez
authors.affiliation: Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Franco
authors.affiliation: Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eixarch
authors.affiliation: Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Servei d'Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ortega-Aznar
authors.affiliation: Servei d'Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramón Y Cajal
authors.affiliation: Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Montalban
authors.affiliation: Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain carmen.espejo@vhir.org.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Espejo
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism*; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D039423:Integrin alpha1 / Q000378:metabolism; D019012:Integrin beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007968:Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D039942:Neuropilin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D040121:Semaphorin-3A / Q000378:metabolism*; D039961:Semaphorins / Q000378:metabolism*; D066127:White Matter / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D039423:Integrin alpha1; D019012:Integrin beta1; C108639:SEMA3A protein, human; C118753:SEMA7A protein, human; D040121:Semaphorin-3A; D039961:Semaphorins; D039942:Neuropilin-1
keywords: Semaphorin; demyelination; multiple sclerosis; neurodegeneration; neuroregeneration and neuroinflammation