title: Expression and Significance of COX-2 and Ki-67 in Hepatolithiasis with Bile Duct Carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As an induced enzyme, COX-2 expression is elevated under stimuli from inflammatory mediator or growth factor product. Ki-67, a cell cycle-related proliferative antigen, reflects the tissue proliferative activity. This study analyzed the expressional profile of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and Ki-67 in hepatolithiasis and bile duct carcinoma tissues, in an attempt to provide evidence for diagnosis and prognosis prediction of disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of tissue samples from hepatolithiasis with bile duct carcinoma (N=47) patients were analyzed using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining method for the expression of COX-2 and Ki-67, in parallel with hepatolithiasis (N=44) and normal bile duct tissues (N=30). The relationship between expression pattern of COX-2 and Ki-67 and pathological conditions was also analyzed, in addition to the correlation with positive expression in hepatolithiasis samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The positive expression rate of COX-2 and Ki-67 in bile duct carcinoma was 76.6% and 80.9%, respectively, and was significantly higher than those in the hepatolithiasis group, which was also higher than the control group. Expression of both COX-2 and Ki-67 is closely related to TNM staging, lymph node metastasis, and differentiation stage. They were also correlated with the mortality rate of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both COX-2 and Ki-67 are abundantly expressed in hepatolithiasis and bile duct carcinoma tissues and may play an important role in the disease occurrence, progression, and metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military University, Chongqing, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materia Medica, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Beiwang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Binyuan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Canhua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Yanmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D020347:Lithiasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human