title: 4-Hydroxy-nonenal-A Bioactive Lipid Peroxidation Product.
abstract: This review on recent research advances of the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-nonenal (HNE) has four major topics: I. the formation of HNE in various organs and tissues, II. the diverse biochemical reactions with Michael adduct formation as the most prominent one, III. the endogenous targets of HNE, primarily peptides and proteins (here the mechanisms of covalent adduct formation are described and the (patho-) physiological consequences discussed), and IV. the metabolism of HNE leading to a great number of degradation products, some of which are excreted in urine and may serve as non-invasive biomarkers of oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 33a, 8010 Graz, Austria. rudolf.schaur@uni-graz.at.
authors.forename: Rudolf J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Schaur
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Education, KortexMed GmbH, Hindenburgring 12a, 38667 Bad Harzburg, Germany. siems@kortexmed.de.
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Siems
authors.affiliation: Division of Genetics, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria. nikolaus.bresgen@sbg.ac.at.
authors.forename: Nikolaus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bresgen
authors.affiliation: Division of Genetics, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria. peter.eckl@sbg.ac.at.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Eckl
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D000111:Acetylcysteine
keywords: 4-hydroxy-nonenal; HNE; Michael adducts; mercapturic acid; n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids