title: Canine echinococcosis: genetic diversity of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) from definitive hosts.
abstract: Canids, particularly dogs, constitute the major source of cystic echinococcosis (CE) infection to humans, with the majority of cases being caused by Echinococcus granulosus (G1 genotype). Canine echinococcosis is an asymptomatic disease caused by adult tapeworms of E. granulosus sensu lato (s.l.). Information on the population structure and genetic variation of adult E. granulosus is limited. Using sequenced data of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) we examined the genetic diversity and population structure of adult tapeworms of E. granulosus (G1 genotype) from canid definitive hosts originating from various geographical regions and compared it to that reported for the larval metacestode stage from sheep and human hosts. Echinococcus granulosus (s.s) was identified from adult tapeworm isolates from Kenya, Libya, Tunisia, Australia, China, Kazakhstan, United Kingdom and Peru, including the first known molecular confirmation from Gaza and the Falkland Islands. Haplotype analysis showed a star-shaped network with a centrally positioned common haplotype previously described for the metacestode stage from sheep and humans, and the neutrality indices indicated population expansion. Low Fst values suggested that populations of adult E. granulosus were not genetically differentiated. Haplotype and nucleotide diversities for E. granulosus isolates from sheep and human origin were twice as high as those reported from canid hosts. This may be related to self-fertilization of E. granulosus and/or to the longevity of the parasite in the respective intermediate and definitive hosts. Improved nuclear single loci are required to investigate the discrepancies in genetic variation seen in this study.
authors.affiliation: Cestode Zoonoses Research Group, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford,M5 4WT,United Kingdom.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Boufana
authors.affiliation: Cestode Zoonoses Research Group, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford,M5 4WT,United Kingdom.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lett
authors.affiliation: Parasitology Laboratory, National School of Veterinary Medicine,Sidi Thabet,Tunisia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lahmar
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building,Bristol, BS8 1TQ,UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.affiliation: School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University,NSW2678,Australia.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.affiliation: The University of Tripoli,PO Box 606,Tripoli,Libya.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Buishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology,University of Benghazi,PO Box 1308,Benghazi,Libya.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Engliez
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology,University of Benghazi,PO Box 1308,Benghazi,Libya.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Alrefadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology,University of Omar Almukhtar,Al Bayda,Libya.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Eljaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology,University of Benghazi,PO Box 1308,Benghazi,Libya.
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Elmestiri
authors.affiliation: Alberto Hurtado School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia,Lima,Peru.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture,Stanley, Falkland Islands,FIQQ 1ZZ.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pointing
authors.affiliation: The Islamic University of Gaza, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, Gaza, Palestine.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Hindi
authors.affiliation: Section of Veterinary Epidemiology, University of Zürich,Switzerland.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Torgerson
authors.affiliation: Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University,41-2 Kanrin,Inuyama,Aichi 484-8506,Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Cestode Zoonoses Research Group, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford,M5 4WT,United Kingdom.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Craig
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000469:parasitology*; D004285:Dogs; D004443:Echinococcosis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D048209:Echinococcus granulosus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010802:Phylogeny; D012756:Sheep / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D015801:Helminth Proteins; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV