title: Factors associated with pain during vascular access intervention therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to investigate and compare factors associated with pain during vascular access intervention therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients provided informed consent to participate in a survey of pain by questionnaire after receiving dialysis treatment at our hospital. Balloons for use during the procedure were chosen at random in this prospective randomized control study. A numeric rating scale (NRS) was used for pain assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A semi-compliant balloon caused significantly worse pain as compared with the other types of balloons (NRS, 7.67 ± 1.57 vs. 6.02 ± 1.89; p&lt;0.05). There was no correlation between maximum inflation pressure and pain, or between age and pain, and no difference between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. A comparison among vascular dilation locations, as well as a comparison of AVF with AVG also revealed no significant differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reason for severe pain with use of the semi-compliant balloon as compared with the other types might have been due to its characteristics during inflation, as increased diameter leads to an increase in pressure. Mismatching of balloon diameter to vascular diameter may also increase pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kidney Disease (Artificial Kidney and Kidney Transplantation), Kawashima Hospital, Tokushima - Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuto
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Muromiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Tokushima University, Tokushima - Japan.
authors.forename: Kojiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.affiliation: Department of Kidney Disease (Artificial Kidney and Kidney Transplantation), Kawashima Hospital, Tokushima - Japan.
authors.forename: Narushi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.affiliation: Department of Kidney Disease (Artificial Kidney and Kidney Transplantation), Kawashima Hospital, Tokushima - Japan.
authors.forename: Daigo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: Department of Kidney Disease (Artificial Kidney and Kidney Transplantation), Kawashima Hospital, Tokushima - Japan.
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suenaga
authors.affiliation: Department of Kidney Disease (Artificial Kidney and Kidney Transplantation), Kawashima Hospital, Tokushima - Japan.
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.affiliation: Department of Kidney Disease (Artificial Kidney and Kidney Transplantation), Kawashima Hospital, Tokushima - Japan.
authors.forename: Kana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tokushima University, Tokushima - Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Kidney Disease (Artificial Kidney and Kidney Transplantation), Kawashima Hospital, Tokushima - Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Minakuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Kidney Disease (Artificial Kidney and Kidney Transplantation), Kawashima Hospital, Tokushima - Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuchida
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D062666:Vascular Access Devices