title: Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus: histological verification and 9.4-T MRI correlation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) using an MRI-guided and MRI-verified technique without microelectrode recording is an effective and safe surgical treatment for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the anatomical accuracy of lead placement after MRI-guided, MRI-verified STN DBS using post-mortem histology and high-field MRI at 9.4 T.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted post-mortem analysis of a patient's brain who had had MRI-guided, MRI-verified STN DBS for PD, using 9.4-T MRI and histology. After death, the brain was retrieved and a block including the electrode tracks down to the mesencephalon was examined with high-field MRI at 9.4 T and histological analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High-field MRI images and corresponding histological examination showed that each electrode track ended within the intended target area, and that DBS did not cause significant neuroparenchymal tissue damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports the anatomical accuracy of the MRI-guided and MRI-verified method of STN DBS.
authors.affiliation: Neuroradiology Academic Unit, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, 8-11 Queen Square, London, WC1n 3BG, UK. othmanalhelli@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Othman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Al-Helli
authors.affiliation: Neuroradiology Academic Unit, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, 8-11 Queen Square, London, WC1n 3BG, UK.
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.|Sara Koe PSP Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Massey
authors.affiliation: Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Foltynie
authors.affiliation: Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Limousin
authors.affiliation: Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
authors.forename: Janice L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Holton
authors.affiliation: Neuroradiology Academic Unit, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, 8-11 Queen Square, London, WC1n 3BG, UK.|Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
authors.forename: Tarek A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Yousry
authors.affiliation: Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
authors.forename: Ludvic
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zrinzo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001344:Autopsy; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000473:pathology; D008839:Microelectrodes; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Deep brain stimulation; Parkinson’s disease; Post-mortem; Subthalamic nucleus