title: Environmental Isolate of Rahnella aquatilis Harbors Class 1 Integron.
abstract: The paper presents first description of class 1 integron in an environmental strain of Rahnella aquatilis, a rarely isolated Gram-negative bacterium of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The strain was isolated from the Warta river water, Poland. Class 1 integrase gene was detected by a PCR assay. Sequencing of the integron's variable region showed the presence of a dfrA1-aadA1 gene cassette array. The integron was located in a 54-kbp plasmid that was transferable to Escherichia coli J-53 recipient strain in a conjugation assay. The integron-bearing R. aquatilis strain was resistant to aminoglycosides, penicillins, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. This paper confirms that water environment play a major role in the spread of integrons and, consequently, antimicrobial resistance, among bacteria of various genera.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland. koczma@amu.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Ryszard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koczura
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mokracka
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Makowska
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003227:Conjugation, Genetic; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D032023:Integrons; D010957:Plasmids / Q000032:analysis; D011044:Poland; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020638:Rahnella / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D045483:Rivers / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial