title: A conceptual model for translating omic data into clinical action.
abstract: Genomic, proteomic, epigenomic, and other "omic" data have the potential to enable precision medicine, also commonly referred to as personalized medicine. The volume and complexity of omic data are rapidly overwhelming human cognitive capacity, requiring innovative approaches to translate such data into patient care. Here, we outline a conceptual model for the application of omic data in the clinical context, called "the omic funnel." This model parallels the classic "Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom pyramid" and adds context for how to move between each successive layer. Its goal is to allow informaticians, researchers, and clinicians to approach the problem of translating omic data from bench to bedside, by using discrete steps with clearly defined needs. Such an approach can facilitate the development of modular and interoperable software that can bring precision medicine into widespread practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Health and Biomedical Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Herr
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Suzette J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bielinski
authors.affiliation: The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Erwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bottinger
authors.affiliation: Division of Genetics and Endocrinology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brautbar
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Murray
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brilliant
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Chute
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Denny
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Robert R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Freimuth
authors.affiliation: Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartzler
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kannry
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Isaac S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kohane
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Iftikhar J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Kullo
authors.affiliation: Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Jyotishman
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pathak
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Informatics Research Center, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Peggy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peissig
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pulley
authors.affiliation: Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ralston
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Health and Biomedical Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roden
authors.affiliation: Weis Center for Research, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tromp
authors.affiliation: Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Marc S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Health and Biomedical Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Starren
keywords: Genomic medicine; personalized health care; precision medicine