title: Chenodeoxycholic Acid as a Potential Prognostic Marker for Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Chinese Obese Patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bile acids (BAs) have been suggested as key mediators of the improvements in glucose metabolism after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to test whether the individual or a group of BAs have potential value to predict diabetes remission after RYGB.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort of 38 Chinese obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who had undergone RYGB and a cross-sectional cohort of 327 subjects from the Shanghai Obesity Study were involved in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We applied a targeted metabolomics approach to quantitatively measure 26 serum BAs. The relative proportion of each BA in total BAs was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the metabolic surgery study, RYGB was effective in the reduction of body weight in both remission and nonremission groups. The reductions of body mass index (BMI) in both groups were 7.34 ± 2.10 kg/m(2) and 6.31 ± 2.38 kg/m(2), respectively (P = .14). Patients in the remission group had a shorter duration of diabetes, lower glycated hemoglobin, and higher C-peptide and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) proportion at baseline compared with the nonremission group. Multiple logistic regression indicated that a higher level of CDCA relative to total BA (CDCA%) and shorter duration of diabetes at baseline were associated with a greater chance of diabetes remission. The odd ratios were 0.19 (95% confidence interval 0.05-0.74) and 1.77 (95% confidence interval 1.13-2.76), respectively, after adjustment for age, gender, and BMI. In the cross-sectional study, CDCA% was significantly higher in obese individuals with T2DM than the normal glucose tolerance group. Correlation analysis showed CDCA% was positively correlated with BMI, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and diabetes duration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased CDCA, a major primary BA, was correlated with a shorter duration of T2DM, which was associated with a higher possibility of remission after surgery. CDCA% might act as a potential prognostic marker of RYGB.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.) and General Surgery (P.Z.) and Center for Translational Medicine (Y.N., A.Z., T.C., G.X., M.S., Wei..J., Weip..J.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; University of Hawaii Cancer Center (Y.N., G.X., M.S., Wei.J.), Honolulu, Hawaii 96813.
authors.forename: Haoyong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.) and General Surgery (P.Z.) and Center for Translational Medicine (Y.N., A.Z., T.C., G.X., M.S., Wei..J., Weip..J.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; University of Hawaii Cancer Center (Y.N., G.X., M.S., Wei.J.), Honolulu, Hawaii 96813.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.) and General Surgery (P.Z.) and Center for Translational Medicine (Y.N., A.Z., T.C., G.X., M.S., Wei..J., Weip..J.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; University of Hawaii Cancer Center (Y.N., G.X., M.S., Wei.J.), Honolulu, Hawaii 96813.
authors.forename: Yuqian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.) and General Surgery (P.Z.) and Center for Translational Medicine (Y.N., A.Z., T.C., G.X., M.S., Wei..J., Weip..J.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; University of Hawaii Cancer Center (Y.N., G.X., M.S., Wei.J.), Honolulu, Hawaii 96813.
authors.forename: Pin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.) and General Surgery (P.Z.) and Center for Translational Medicine (Y.N., A.Z., T.C., G.X., M.S., Wei..J., Weip..J.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; University of Hawaii Cancer Center (Y.N., G.X., M.S., Wei.J.), Honolulu, Hawaii 96813.
authors.forename: Aihua
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.) and General Surgery (P.Z.) and Center for Translational Medicine (Y.N., A.Z., T.C., G.X., M.S., Wei..J., Weip..J.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; University of Hawaii Cancer Center (Y.N., G.X., M.S., Wei.J.), Honolulu, Hawaii 96813.
authors.forename: Tianlu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.) and General Surgery (P.Z.) and Center for Translational Medicine (Y.N., A.Z., T.C., G.X., M.S., Wei..J., Weip..J.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; University of Hawaii Cancer Center (Y.N., G.X., M.S., Wei.J.), Honolulu, Hawaii 96813.
authors.forename: Guoxiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.) and General Surgery (P.Z.) and Center for Translational Medicine (Y.N., A.Z., T.C., G.X., M.S., Wei..J., Weip..J.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; University of Hawaii Cancer Center (Y.N., G.X., M.S., Wei.J.), Honolulu, Hawaii 96813.
authors.forename: Yinfang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.) and General Surgery (P.Z.) and Center for Translational Medicine (Y.N., A.Z., T.C., G.X., M.S., Wei..J., Weip..J.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; University of Hawaii Cancer Center (Y.N., G.X., M.S., Wei.J.), Honolulu, Hawaii 96813.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.) and General Surgery (P.Z.) and Center for Translational Medicine (Y.N., A.Z., T.C., G.X., M.S., Wei..J., Weip..J.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; University of Hawaii Cancer Center (Y.N., G.X., M.S., Wei.J.), Honolulu, Hawaii 96813.
authors.forename: Mingming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.) and General Surgery (P.Z.) and Center for Translational Medicine (Y.N., A.Z., T.C., G.X., M.S., Wei..J., Weip..J.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; University of Hawaii Cancer Center (Y.N., G.X., M.S., Wei.J.), Honolulu, Hawaii 96813.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.) and General Surgery (P.Z.) and Center for Translational Medicine (Y.N., A.Z., T.C., G.X., M.S., Wei..J., Weip..J.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; University of Hawaii Cancer Center (Y.N., G.X., M.S., Wei.J.), Honolulu, Hawaii 96813.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.) and General Surgery (P.Z.) and Center for Translational Medicine (Y.N., A.Z., T.C., G.X., M.S., Wei..J., Weip..J.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus (H.Y., Y.B., Y.T., L.Z., L.W., W.J.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; University of Hawaii Cancer Center (Y.N., G.X., M.S., Wei.J.), Honolulu, Hawaii 96813.
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000713:Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y; D044466:Asian People; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002635:Chenodeoxycholic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000601:surgery*; D050177:Overweight / Q000601:surgery; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D015415:Biomarkers; D002635:Chenodeoxycholic Acid