title: Vitamin A Deficiency Impairs Mucin Expression and Suppresses the Mucosal Immune Function of the Respiratory Tract in Chicks.
abstract: The chicken immune system is immature at the time of hatching. The development of the respiratory immune system after hatching is vital to young chicks. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary vitamin A supplement levels on respiratory mucin and IgA production in chicks. In this study, 120 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into 4 groups consisting of three replicates of 10 broilers and subjected to dietary vitamin A supplement levels of 0, 1,500, 6,000, or 12,000 IU/kg for seven days. Compared with control birds, vitamin A supplementation significantly increased the mucin and IgA levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) as well as the IgA level in serum. In the lungs, vitamin A supplementation downregulated TNF-α and EGFR mRNA expression. The TGF-β and MUC5AC mRNA expression levels were upregulated by vitamin A supplementation at a dose of 6,000 IU/kg, and the IL-13 mRNA expression level was increased at the 12,000 IU/kg supplement level. Vitamin A deficiency (control) significantly decreased the mRNA expression levels of MUC2, IgA, EGFR, IL-13 and TGF-β in trachea tissue. Histological section analysis revealed that the number of goblet cells in the tracheal epithelium was less in the 0 and 12,000 IU/kg vitamin A supplement groups than in the other groups. In conclusion, vitamin A deficiency suppressed the immunity of the airway by decreasing the IgA and mucin concentrations in neonatal chicks. This study suggested that a suitable level of vitamin A is essential for the secretion of IgA and mucin in the respiratory tract by regulating the gene expression of cytokines and epithelial growth factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.
authors.forename: Shaoqiong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.
authors.forename: Guanhua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.
authors.forename: Jingpeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.
authors.forename: Hongchao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.
authors.forename: Zhigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; D002645:Chickens; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D020397:Goblet Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000097:blood; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009077:Mucins / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D009077:Mucins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014801:Vitamin A