title: Campylobacter species in animal, food, and environmental sources, and relevant testing programs in Canada.
abstract: Campylobacter species, particularly thermophilic campylobacters, have emerged as a leading cause of human foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide, with Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter lari responsible for the majority of human infections. Although most cases of campylobacteriosis are self-limiting, campylobacteriosis represents a significant public health burden. Human illness caused by infection with campylobacters has been reported across Canada since the early 1970s. Many studies have shown that dietary sources, including food, particularly raw poultry and other meat products, raw milk, and contaminated water, have contributed to outbreaks of campylobacteriosis in Canada. Campylobacter spp. have also been detected in a wide range of animal and environmental sources, including water, in Canada. The purpose of this article is to review (i) the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in animals, food, and the environment, and (ii) the relevant testing programs in Canada with a focus on the potential links between campylobacters and human health in Canada.
authors.affiliation: a Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, ON K2H 8P9, Canada.
authors.forename: Hongsheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: a Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, ON K2H 8P9, Canada.
authors.forename: Brian W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.affiliation: b Food Safety Risk Analysis, Food Policy Coordination, Policy and Programs, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1400 Merivale Road, Tower 2, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Ruff
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lowman
authors.affiliation: c Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Catherine D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Carrillo
mesh_terms: D000820:Animal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D002167:Campylobacter / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D004777:Environment; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D057805:Pets; D015995:Prevalence; D011634:Public Health
keywords: Campylobacter; Campylobacter testing programs; Canada; animal; environment; food; les aliments; les animaux; les campylobactéries; l’environnement; programmes canadiens de dépistage des campylobactéries