title: Validity and reliability of the Arabic Token Test for children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Token Test for Children (2nd edition) (TTFC) is a measure for assessing receptive language. In this study we describe the translation process, validity and reliability of the Arabic Token Test for Children (A-TTFC).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to translate, validate and establish the reliability of the Arabic Token Test for Children (A-TTFC) for the purpose of assessing Arabic-speaking children with receptive language problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  The translation of the A-TTFC complied with the international translation procedures guidelines. After a multiple step translation process the A-TTFC was pilot tested and amended for any noted problems. The final version of the A-TTFC was administered to 397 typically developing Jordanian children, age range 3;0-12;11 (years; months). Children were purposefully sampled from randomly selected schools in Amman, Jordan. Another 35 bilingual children, age range 6;0-12;11, participated in the bilingual validation of the A-TTFC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Construct validity of the A-TTFC was tested using factor analysis. Factor analysis results indicated that loadings of the items on the A-TTFC were similar to the English version item loadings. Alpha-coefficients for each test section varied from 0.78 to 0.94. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) scores from bilingual children supported bilingual validity of the test > 0.80. ICC between scores for repeated assessments varied from 0.76 to 0.90 supporting test-retest reliability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results support the appropriateness of using A-TTFC in assessing Arabic-speaking children with receptive language problems.
authors.affiliation: The University of Jordan, Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Rana A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Alkhamra
authors.affiliation: The University of Jordan, Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Aya B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Al-Jazi
mesh_terms: D001308:Auditory Perceptual Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D006801:Humans; D007597:Jordan; D007802:Language; D007807:Language Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008037:Linguistics; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012660:Semantics; D014175:Translating
keywords: Arabic; Token Test for Children; psychometric testing; receptive language