title: Biochemical and Hematologic Reference Intervals for Aged Xenopus laevis in a Research Colony.
abstract: Xenopus laevis, the African clawed frog, is commonly used in developmental and toxicology research studies. Little information is available on aged X. laevis; however, with the complete mapping of the genome and the availability of transgenic animal models, the number of aged animals in research colonies is increasing. The goals of this study were to obtain biochemical and hematologic parameters to establish reference intervals for aged X. laevis and to compare results with those from young adult X. laevis. Blood samples were collected from laboratory reared, female frogs (n = 52) between the ages of 10 and 14 y. Reference intervals were generated for 30 biochemistry analytes and full hematologic analysis; these data were compared with prior results for young X. laevis from the same vendor. Parameters that were significantly higher in aged compared with young frogs included calcium, calcium:phosphorus ratio, total protein, albumin, HDL, amylase, potassium, CO2, and uric acid. Parameters found to be significantly lower in aged frogs included glucose, AST, ALT, cholesterol, BUN, BUN:creatinine ratio, phosphorus, triglycerides, LDL, lipase, sodium, chloride, sodium:potassium ratio, and anion gap. Hematology data did not differ between young and old frogs. These findings indicate that chemistry reference intervals for young X. laevis may be inappropriate for use with aged frogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Angela G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lake
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Donna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bouley
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. jljohns@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Johns
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood*; D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006405:Hematology / Q000592:standards; D012016:Reference Values; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000097:blood* / Q000254:growth & development