title: The Cost of Hospice Services in Terminally Ill Patients With Head and Neck Cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hospice care has been suggested as a way to preserve dignity and to lower costs at the end of life, which may be particularly important for patients with head and neck cancer because this disease is associated with considerable morbidity and a high mortality risk.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To use data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database to estimate monthly costs of all services used during the last months of life by patients with oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers and to determine whether those who used hospice services had lower costs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort analysis of SEER-Medicare data (January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2007). The setting was all participating SEER hospitals that treated patients with oral cavity or pharyngeal cancer. Participants were 65 years and older who were diagnosed as having oral cavity (n = 4205) or pharyngeal (n = 3178) cancer between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2005, who subsequently died between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  Use of hospice services before death.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospice use was identified through Medicare claims. The primary outcome was all-cause Medicare expenditures, inflated to 2009 US dollars. We used a propensity score analysis to estimate the difference in the mean costs to Medicare in the last month of life between patients who used hospice services and patients who did not use hospice services.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most patients (63.4% [1018 of 1605] with oral cavity cancer and 57.8% [644 of 1114] with pharyngeal cancer) who enrolled in hospice did so within 30 days of death. Patients who received hospice care had $7035 (95% CI, $6040-$8160) lower costs in the last month of life for oral cavity cancer and $7430 (95% CI, $6340-$9100) lower costs in the last month of life for pharyngeal cancer. These cost savings were greater in the last month of life when patients enrolled in hospice more than 30 days before death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Encouraging hospice admissions for patients with oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers provides not only compassionate, dignified care at the end of life but also an opportunity for substantial savings in health care costs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey.
authors.forename: Laura M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey.
authors.forename: Eric W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goldenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey.
authors.forename: Heath
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mackley
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Wayne M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey2Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey.
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Hollenbeak
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000451:nursing*; D017051:Hospice Care / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D006278:Medicare / Q000191:economics; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018426:SEER Program; D019452:Terminally Ill; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology