title: Cx26 knockout predisposes the mammary gland to primary mammary tumors in a DMBA-induced mouse model of breast cancer.
abstract: Down-regulation of the gap junction protein connexin26 (Cx26) is an early event following breast cancer onset and has led to Cx26 being classically described as a tumor suppressor. Interestingly, mutations in theCx26 gene (GJB2) reduce or ablate Cx26 gap junction channel function and are the most common cause of genetic deafness. It is unknown if patients with loss-of-function GJB2 mutations have a greater susceptibility to breast tumorigenesis or aggressive breast cancer progression. To investigate these possibilities, 7, 12-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene (DMBA)-induced tumor development was evaluated in BLG-Cre; Cx26fl/fl mice expressing Cre under the β-Lactoglobulin promoter (Cre+) compared to Cx26fl/fl controlmice (Cre-) following pituitary isograft driven Cx26 knockout. A significantly increased number of DMBA-treated Cre+ mice developed primary mammary tumors, as well as developed multiple tumors, compared to Cre- mice. Primary tumors of Cre+ mice were of multiple histological subtypes and had similar palpable tumour onset and growth rate compared to tumors from Cre- mice. Lungs were evaluated for evidence of metastases revealing a similar percentage of lung metastases in Cre+ and Cre- mice. Together, our results suggest that loss of Cx26 predisposes the mammary gland to chemically induced mammary tumour formation which may have important implications to patients with GJB2 mutations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael K G
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bechberger
authors.affiliation: Animal Care and Veterinary Services, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Christian C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Naus
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Dale W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Laird
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D000072259:Connexin 26; D017630:Connexins / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D019426:Integrases / Q000378:metabolism; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000473:pathology*; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D017630:Connexins; C000607042:GJB2 protein, human; C000607043:Gjb2 protein, mouse; D000072259:Connexin 26; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; C045073:Cre recombinase; D019426:Integrases
keywords: DMBA; breast cancer; connexin26; mammary gland