title: [Lessons Learned after 25 Years of Studies on the Physiological Roles of the Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor].
abstract: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) was discovered a quarter of a century ago. PPAR was soon recognized as a general transcriptional regulator of lipid homeostasis, and several hypolipidemic and antidiabetic agents were shown to be effective ligands for it. Since then, many attempts to develop more potent drugs have been made worldwide, but most were unsuccessful due to serious side effects. It appears that the PPAR boom has ended. This review summarizes the short history of PPAR studies, including our own results, and discusses the lessons learned from the rise and fall of studies in this field for next-generation basic studies and drug development research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University.
authors.forename: Kiyoto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Motojima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D008024:Ligands; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D047493:PPAR alpha; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / Q000502:physiology*; D012106:Research / Q000639:trends*; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D008024:Ligands; D047493:PPAR alpha; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; C089946:2,4-thiazolidinedione