title: Bilateral Spontaneous Perirenal Hemorrhage due to Initial Presentation of Polyarteritis Nodosa.
abstract: Spontaneous perirenal hemorrhage (SPH) is uncommon but can be a life-threatening condition which is associated with flank or abdominal pain and hypovolemia. The etiologies of SPH include tumor, vascular disease, and infection. Among the vascular diseases, polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is common cause of the SPH. However, patients with PAN usually complain of nonspecific symptoms and the incidence of PAN is relatively rare. So, diagnosis is difficult even though tissue biopsy and angiography help to confirm the PAN. Particularly bilateral perirenal hemorrhage is very rare complication in patients with PAN. We reported a case of bilateral perirenal hemorrhage in the patients with PAN who have continued to take exogenous sex hormone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung-Il
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yang-Gyun
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Se-Yun
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Da Wun
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Pyo
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Hwan
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ju-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Moon