title: Evaluating the effectiveness of common disinfectants at preventing the propagation of Mycobacterium spp. isolated from zebrafish.
abstract: Mycobacteriosis is a bacterial disease that is common in captive, wild and research fish. There is no one causative agent of mycobacteriosis, as several strains and species of Mycobacterium have been identified in zebrafish. With increased usage and investment in wild-type and mutant zebrafish strains, considerable value is placed on preserving zebrafish health. One control measure used to prevent mycobacterial spread within and between zebrafish facilities is egg disinfection. Here we investigate the effectiveness of three disinfectants [chlorine bleach, hydrogen peroxide, and povidone-iodine (PVPI)] commonly included in egg disinfection protocols for laboratory fish as well as aquaculture fish and compare the knockdown effect of these treatments on Mycobacterium spp. in vitro. Despite current usage, comparison of these disinfection regimes' abilities to prevent mycobacterial growth has not been tested. We found that the germicidal effect of different disinfectants varies by Mycobacterium spp. Hydrogen peroxide was the least effective disinfectant, followed by unbuffered chlorine bleach, which is commonly used to disinfect embryos in zebrafish facilities. Disinfection with 25ppm PVPI for 5min was very effective, and may be an improved alternative to chlorine bleach for embryo disinfection. Results from this study can be utilized by laboratory fish facilities in order to prevent the spread of mycobacteriosis in research fish.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, 1 Forestry Drive, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA. Electronic address: ctchang@syr.edu.
authors.forename: Carolyn T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, 1 Forestry Drive, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
authors.forename: Erica G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Colicino
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, 1 Forestry Drive, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: DiPaola
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, 1 Forestry Drive, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
authors.forename: Hadi Jabbar
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Al-Hasnawi
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, 1 Forestry Drive, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA. Electronic address: cwhipps@esf.edu.
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Whipps
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002713:Chlorine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000187:drug effects*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D002713:Chlorine
keywords: Biosecurity; Chlorine bleach; Embryo disinfection; Husbandry; Hydrogen peroxide; Iodine; Mycobacteriosis; Zebrafish