title: [Value of patient health questionnaires (PHQ)-9 and PHQ-2 for screening depression disorders in cardiovascular outpatients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the value of 2- and 9-question patient health questionnaires (PHQ-2 and PHQ-9) for screening status of depression in cardiovascular outpatients.
  
  
  METHODS
  From June 2013 to January 2014, a total of 201 outpatients from psycho-cardiological outpatients departments were consecutively enrolled into this study. All patients were asked to complete PHQ-9 and the mental psychological assessment by qualified researchers trained by psychiatry according to the composite international diagnostic interviews (CIDI), 50 cases were retested to assess the retest reliability after one week. The PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 were validated with the CIDI as the reference criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to the CIDI, 42 (21.3%) out of the 201 outpatients were diagnosed as depression. For PHQ-9 scale, a cutoff value of 10 presented satisfactory results with 87.1% sensitivity, 83.5% specificity, 58.7% positive predicting value, 95.6% negative predicting value and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.877 (SE = 0.032, 95% CI: 0.813-0.938). The Cronbach's alpha coefficients and test-retest reliability of the PHQ-9 were 0.809 and 0.882, respectively. Compared with CIDI, the cutoff value of the PHQ-2 was 3 with 85.7% sensitivity, 69.2% specificity, 57.1% positive predicting value, 93.6% negative predicting value, and the AUC was 0.806 (SE = 0.042, 95% CI: 0.774-0.889). The Cronbach's alpha coefficients and test-retest reliability of the PHQ-2 were 0.785 and 0.813, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 are reliable and efficient instruments for screening and especially excluding depression in cardiovascular outpatients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Jianchao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.forename: Rongjing
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Email: dayihu20140716@163.com.
authors.forename: Dayi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D019540:Area Under Curve; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening; D010045:Outpatients / Q000523:psychology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires