title: The effect of low-level diode laser therapy on early differentiation of osteoblast via BMP-2/TGF-β1 and its receptors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine the effect of LLDL therapy on the gene expression of osteoblast markers of growth and differentiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MG-63 cell line was exposed to diode laser (ezLase) of 940 nm at 1-1.5 W and 3-4 J, and gene expressions (Runx-2, alkaline phosphatase [ALP], type I collagen [Col-I], osterix [OSX], osteocalcin [OSC], osteoprotegerin [OPG], bone morphogenetic protein [BMP]-2 and -7, transforming growth factor-β1 [TGF-β1], and TGF-β receptors [TGF-β R1, TGF-β R2; TGF-β R3]) were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LLDL treatment stimulated the expression of osteoblast differentiation markers ALP, Col-I, Runx-2, and OSX in relation to the doses applied (P < 0.05), but no changes were detected in OSC, OPG, or BMP-7 at any study dose. This effect may be mediated by TGF-β1 and BMP-2, given that the treatment increased their expression and that of TGF-β receptors R1, R2, and R3 (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the biostimulatory effect of laser therapy on osteoblasts may be attributable to the release of autocrine factors in response to the irradiation. A clinical trial is warranted to test its therapeutic usefulness in bone tissue regeneration and to define a treatment protocol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology (Head: Prof. Pilar Aranda-Ramirez), School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Spain; Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing (Head: Prof. Pilar Aranda-Ramirez), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada (Head: Prof. Nicolas Olea-Serrano), Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Manzano-Moreno
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing (Head: Prof. Pilar Aranda-Ramirez), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Medina-Huertas
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing (Head: Prof. Pilar Aranda-Ramirez), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada (Head: Prof. Nicolas Olea-Serrano), Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramos-Torrecillas
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing (Head: Prof. Pilar Aranda-Ramirez), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada (Head: Prof. Nicolas Olea-Serrano), Spain.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: García-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing (Head: Prof. Pilar Aranda-Ramirez), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada (Head: Prof. Nicolas Olea-Serrano), Spain; Institute of Neuroscience (Head: Prof. Pilar Aranda-Ramirez), Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Armilla (Granada), University of Granada, Spain. Electronic address: crr@ugr.es.
authors.forename: Concepción
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruiz
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 / Q000235:genetics; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000235:genetics; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D054023:Lasers, Semiconductor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000235:genetics; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000235:genetics; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics*; D000076182:Sp7 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D024042:Collagen Type I; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; C493709:RUNX2 protein, human; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D000076182:Sp7 Transcription Factor; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D015675:Osteocalcin; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: Biostimulatory effect; Gene expression; Low-level diode laser therapy; Osteoblast; Tissue regeneration