title: Tendon elongation with bovine pericardium (Tutopatch®) when conventional strabismus surgery is not possible.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sometimes, a conventional recess-resect surgery may not be sufficient to obtain satisfactory ocular alignment. Patients who have previously undergone surgery and/or have a large difference in visual acuity between both eyes and do not wish to undergo surgery on the sound eye provide a surgical challenge. In these cases, tendon elongation with bovine pericardium may be an option.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 38 patients who underwent strabismus surgery with tendon elongation. Before surgery, 31 had exotropia (angle -21.8 ± 5.7 degrees) and 7 esotropia (angle +19.1 ± 5.4 degrees). Reasons for tendon elongation included the following: 15 patients refused surgery on their sound eye; in 15 patients, conventional recess-resect was not possible; and in 7 patients, the elongation best fitted the motility pattern. In one patient, tendon elongation was preferred over conventional recession because of a thin sclera. Follow-up was 0.5 to 4 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At last follow-up visit, in patients with previous exotropia, the angle was -3.3 ± 5.9 degrees; in patients with previous esotropia, +0.2 ± 0.5 degrees. Most had some duction limitation in the direction of the elongated muscle. All patients but one were satisfied with the result. In the patients with previous exotropia, there was a small but nonsignificant regression to recurrence of the exodeviation (on average 0.5 degree per year).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tendon elongation is a valuable addition to our strabismus surgery repertoire. However, because of duction limitations after surgery, it should be reserved for those cases in which conventional surgery is not an option.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam - The Netherlands.|Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam - The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Laurentius J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: van Rijn
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam - The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Stephanie J N
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: van De Ven
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam - The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jacqueline S M
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Krijnen
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam - The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Suzanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam - The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Amber J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bakels
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam - The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anne-Marie E L
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Langenhorst
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000601:surgery*; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012590:Sclera; D013285:Strabismus / Q000601:surgery*; D058971:Tenotomy / Q000379:methods*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C000597419:Tutoplast; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene