title: Effect of vitamin B-12 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on plasma homocysteine, ferritin, C-reaction protein, and other cardiovascular risk factors: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vitamin B-12 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decrease blood homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations. However, the combined effect of these nutrients on Hcy and ferritin, and C-reactive protein is limited and inconclusive. The objective was to examine the synergistic effect of vitamin B-12 in combination of n-3 PUFA on plasma Hcy, ferritin, and other biochemical markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized controlled trial, thirty eligible subjects were randomly divided into three groups, and assigned to receive 1000 μg of vitamin B-12, 2 g fish oil, or 1000 μg vitamin B-12 and 2 g fish oil, respectively, for 8 weeks. Plasma phospholipids (PL) fatty acids and biochemical markers were determined. This study was registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01762072.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma PL 20:5n-3, 22:6n-3 and n-3 PUFA was increased after 4 and 8 week supplementation of fish oil, and vitamin B-12+fish oil. Plasma concentrations of triacylglycerol, uric acid, C-reactive protein, and ferritin were significantly decreased after 4 and 8 week supplementation of fish oil, and vitamin B-12+fish oil. In all groups, significant changes in plasma Hcy were observed during the study period. Vitamin B-12, fish oil, and vitamin B-12+fish oil supplementation lowered plasma Hcy concentrations by 22%, 19%, and 39%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of vitamin B-12 and fish oil has a synergistic effect on lowering plasma concentrations of Hcy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.|APCNS Centre of Nutrition and Food Safety, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.|APCNS Centre of Nutrition and Food Safety, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Kelei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.|APCNS Centre of Nutrition and Food Safety, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Sailimuhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.|APCNS Centre of Nutrition and Food Safety, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Email: duoli@zju.edu.cn.|APCNS Centre of Nutrition and Food Safety, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Duo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000187:drug effects*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D002681:China; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects*; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005395:Fish Oils; D006710:Homocysteine; D014803:Vitamin B Complex; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D005293:Ferritins; D014805:Vitamin B 12