title: Triaxial system in bronchial arterial embolization for haemoptysis using N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The application of bronchial artery embolization (BAE) using N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) for haemoptysis was recently reported to be useful. A triple co-axial (triaxial) system consisting of a 4-Fr catheter, 2.7-Fr microcatheter and 1.9-Fr no-taper microcatheter has been developed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of the triaxial system in BAE using NBCA.
  
  
  METHODS
  12 patients with haemoptysis, 8 males and 4 females with a median age of 64 years (range, 49-88 years), underwent BAE between August 2012 and October 2014. Medical records and images were reviewed, and the technical success rate, clinical success rate, haemoptysis-free rate and complications were evaluated. Technical success was defined as the complete cessation of the target artery as confirmed by digital subtraction angiography, whereas clinical success was defined as the cessation of haemoptysis within 24 h of BAE. Recurrent haemoptysis was defined as a total of >30 ml of bleeding per day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The target artery was embolized successfully in all patients, and the technical success rate was 100% (12/12). The cessation of haemoptysis was achieved in 11 out of 12 patients within 24 h, and thus, the clinical success rate was 92% (11/12). The 6-, 12- and 24-month haemoptysis-free rates were 89%, 89% and 76%, respectively. No patients exhibited any signs of complications such as spinal ischaemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BAE using the triaxial system and NBCA appears to be a useful and safe procedure for haemoptysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The triaxial system contributes to safe and effective BAE using NBCA.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimohira
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Radiology, Kouseikai Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Radiology, Shizuoka City Shimizu Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Saori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abematsu
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashizume
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Motoo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Keita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuta
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shibamoto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D001981:Bronchial Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D004659:Enbucrilate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006469:Hemoptysis / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004659:Enbucrilate