title: Comparative Studies on Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant, Wound Healing and Cytotoxic Activities of Selected Achillea L. Species Growing in Turkey.
abstract: Turkey is one of the most important centers of diversity for the genus Achillea L. in the world. Keeping in mind the immense medicinal importance of phenols, in this study, three species growing in Turkey, A. coarctata Poir. (AC), A. kotschyi Boiss. subsp. kotschyi (AK) and A. lycaonica Boiss. &amp; Heldr. (AL) were evaluated for their phenolic compositions, total phenolic contents (TPC), antioxidant properties, wound healing potencies on NIH-3T3 fibroblasts and cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Comprehensive LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that AK was distinctively rich in chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, apigenin, hesperidin, rutin, kaempferol and luteolin (2890.6, 987.3, 797.0, 422.5, 188.1, 159.4 and 121.2 µg analyte/g extract, respectively). The findings exhibited a strong correlation between TPC and both free radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Among studied species, the highest TPC (148.00 mg GAE/g extract) and TAC (2.080 UAE), the strongest radical scavenging (EC50 = 32.63 μg/mL), the most prominent wound healing and most abundant cytotoxic activities were observed with AK. The results suggested that AK is a valuable source of flavonoids and chlorogenic acid with important antioxidant, wound healing and cytotoxic activities. These findings warrant further studies to assess the potential of AK as a bioactive source that could be exploited in pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food industries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey. tagar@hacettepe.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Osman Tuncay
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Agar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26470, Turkey. mirisd@anadolu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Miris
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dikmen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26470, Turkey. nozturk@anadolu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Nilgun
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.affiliation: Dicle University Science and Technology Research and Application Center, Diyarbakır 21280, Turkey. mustafaabdullahyilmaz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mustafa Abdullah
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: Dicle University Science and Technology Research and Application Center, Diyarbakır 21280, Turkey. htemel@dicle.edu.tr.|Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey. htemel@dicle.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Hamdi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Temel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey. fpt@hacettepe.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Fatma Pinar
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Turkmenoglu
mesh_terms: D031162:Achillea / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003094:Collagen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014421:Turkey; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D003094:Collagen
keywords: Achillea; LC-MS/MS; antioxidant; breast cancer; cytotoxic; natural product; phenolics; wound healing