title: Reducing pathogens in combined sewer overflows using ozonation or UV irradiation.
abstract: Fecal contamination of water resources is a major public health concern in densely populated areas since these water bodies are used for drinking water production or recreational purposes. A main source of this contamination originates from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) in regions with combined sewer systems. Thus, the treatment of CSO discharges is urgent. In this study, we explored whether ozonation or UV irradiation can efficiently reduce pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and protozoan parasites in CSOs. Experiments were carried out in parallel settings at the outflow of a stormwater settling tank in the Ruhr area, Germany. The results showed that both techniques reduce most hygienically relevant bacteria, parasites and viruses. Under the conditions tested, ozonation yielded lower outflow values for the majority of the tested parameters.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Engineering of RWTH Aachen University (ISA), 52056 Aachen, Germany. Electronic address: tondera@isa.rwth-aachen.de.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tondera
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Engineering of RWTH Aachen University (ISA), 52056 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Kassandra
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klaer
authors.affiliation: Xylem Services GmbH, Boschstr. 4-14, 32051 Herford, Germany.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gebhardt
authors.affiliation: Biofilm Centre, University Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Jost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wingender
authors.affiliation: Institute for Hygiene and Public Health (IHPH), Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.affiliation: Biofilm Centre, University Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horstkott
authors.affiliation: IWW Rheinisch-Westfaelisches Institut fuer Wasser, Moritzstr. 26, 45476 Muelheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strathmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum (RUB), Universitaetsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jurzik
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum (RUB), Universitaetsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Ibrahim Ahmed
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Hamza
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Engineering of RWTH Aachen University (ISA), 52056 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pinnekamp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000382:microbiology*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D010126:Ozone; D011891:Rain; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014867:Water; D014871:Water Microbiology; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D012722:Sewage; D014867:Water; D010126:Ozone
keywords: Bacteria; Disinfection; Log-normal distribution; Monte Carlo simulation; Parasites; Viruses