title: Development, test-retest reliability and validity of the Pharmacy Value-Added Services Questionnaire (PVASQ).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (i) To develop the Pharmacy Value-Added Services Questionnaire (PVASQ) using emerging themes generated from interviews. (ii) To establish reliability and validity of questionnaire instrument.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using an extended Theory of Planned Behavior as the theoretical model, face-to-face interviews generated salient beliefs of pharmacy value-added services. The PVASQ was constructed initially in English incorporating important themes and later translated into the Malay language with forward and backward translation. Intention (INT) to adopt pharmacy value-added services is predicted by attitudes (ATT), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), knowledge and expectations. Using a 7-point Likert-type scale and a dichotomous scale, test-retest reliability (N=25) was assessed by administrating the questionnaire instrument twice at an interval of one week apart. Internal consistency was measured by Cronbach's alpha and construct validity between two administrations was assessed using the kappa statistic and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Confirmatory Factor Analysis, CFA (N=410) was conducted to assess construct validity of the PVASQ.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The kappa coefficients indicate a moderate to almost perfect strength of agreement between test and retest. The ICC for all scales tested for intra-rater (test-retest) reliability was good. The overall Cronbach' s alpha (N=25) is 0.912 and 0.908 for the two time points. The result of CFA (N=410) showed most items loaded strongly and correctly into corresponding factors. Only one item was eliminated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is the first to develop and establish the reliability and validity of the Pharmacy Value-Added Services Questionnaire instrument using the Theory of Planned Behavior as the theoretical model. The translated Malay language version of PVASQ is reliable and valid to predict Malaysian patients' intention to adopt pharmacy value-added services to collect partial medicine supply.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia . Penang ( Malaysia ). tanlianghoay@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Christine L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia . Penang ( Malaysia ). azmihassali@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hassali
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia . Penang ( Malaysia ). fahaduob@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fahad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saleem
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia . Penang ( Malaysia ). aakmal@usm.my.
authors.forename: Asrul A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Shafie
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, King Saud University . Riyadh, ( Saudi Arabia ). haljadhey@ksu.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Hisham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aljadhey
authors.affiliation: Putra Business School, Universiti Putra Malaysia . Selangor ( Malaysia ). gan.phd11@grad.putrabs.edu.my.
authors.forename: Vincent B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Gan
keywords: Attitudes; Health Knowledge; Malaysia; Pharmaceutical Services; Practice; Questionnaires; Validation Studies as Topic