title: Total gadolinium tissue deposition and skin structural findings following the administration of structurally different gadolinium chelates in healthy and ovariectomized female rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the retention of gadolinium (Gd) in skin, liver, and bone following gadodiamide or gadoteric acid administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gd was measured in skin, liver and femur bone in female rats 10 weeks after administration of 17.5 mmol Gd/kg over 5 days of Gd agents. Rat skin microscopy, energy filtering transmission electron microscopy and elemental analysis were performed, and repeated after receiving the same dosage of gadodiamide in rats with osteoporosis induced with bilateral ovariectomy (OVX). The OVX was performed 60 days after the last injection of gadodiamide and animals sacrificed 3 weeks later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gd concentration was 180-fold higher in the skin, 25-fold higher in the femur, and 30-fold higher in the liver in rats received gadodiamide than rats received gadoteric acid. The retention of Gd in the skin with gadodiamide was associated with an increase in dermal cellularity, and Gd encrustation of collagen fibers and deposition inside the fibroblasts and other cells. No differences in Gd concentration in liver, skin, and femur were observed between rats receiving gadodiamide with or without OVX.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gd tissue retention with gadodiamide was higher than gadoteric acid. Tissues Gd deposition did not alter following gadodiamide administration to ovariectomized rats.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Central EM Laboratory, Institute of Pathology, Uniklinikum Regensburg, The University of Regensburg, Germany ; 3 Guerbet, Research and Innovation Division, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy-Charles de Gaulle cedex, France ; 4 Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 5 Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Yì-Xiáng J
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Wáng
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Central EM Laboratory, Institute of Pathology, Uniklinikum Regensburg, The University of Regensburg, Germany ; 3 Guerbet, Research and Innovation Division, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy-Charles de Gaulle cedex, France ; 4 Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 5 Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Central EM Laboratory, Institute of Pathology, Uniklinikum Regensburg, The University of Regensburg, Germany ; 3 Guerbet, Research and Innovation Division, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy-Charles de Gaulle cedex, France ; 4 Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 5 Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Siegmund
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Central EM Laboratory, Institute of Pathology, Uniklinikum Regensburg, The University of Regensburg, Germany ; 3 Guerbet, Research and Innovation Division, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy-Charles de Gaulle cedex, France ; 4 Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 5 Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Idée
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Central EM Laboratory, Institute of Pathology, Uniklinikum Regensburg, The University of Regensburg, Germany ; 3 Guerbet, Research and Innovation Division, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy-Charles de Gaulle cedex, France ; 4 Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 5 Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fretellier
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Central EM Laboratory, Institute of Pathology, Uniklinikum Regensburg, The University of Regensburg, Germany ; 3 Guerbet, Research and Innovation Division, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy-Charles de Gaulle cedex, France ; 4 Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 5 Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Gaëlle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jestin-Mayer
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Central EM Laboratory, Institute of Pathology, Uniklinikum Regensburg, The University of Regensburg, Germany ; 3 Guerbet, Research and Innovation Division, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy-Charles de Gaulle cedex, France ; 4 Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 5 Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Cecile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Factor
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Central EM Laboratory, Institute of Pathology, Uniklinikum Regensburg, The University of Regensburg, Germany ; 3 Guerbet, Research and Innovation Division, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy-Charles de Gaulle cedex, France ; 4 Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 5 Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Central EM Laboratory, Institute of Pathology, Uniklinikum Regensburg, The University of Regensburg, Germany ; 3 Guerbet, Research and Innovation Division, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy-Charles de Gaulle cedex, France ; 4 Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 5 Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Central EM Laboratory, Institute of Pathology, Uniklinikum Regensburg, The University of Regensburg, Germany ; 3 Guerbet, Research and Innovation Division, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy-Charles de Gaulle cedex, France ; 4 Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 5 Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Sameh K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Morcos
keywords: Gadolinium (Gd); bone deposition; osteoporosis; skin; ultrastructural