title: Relationships Between Measures of the Ability to Perform Vision-Related Activities, Vision-Related Quality of Life, and Clinical Findings in Patients With Glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To our knowledge, few studies have combined an objective measure of vision-related performance (VRP) and subjective measures of vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) with clinically related visual parameters, particularly in a large, prospective, cohort study setting.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationships between clinical visual assessments and both a VRP and 2 self-reported VRQoL measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (N = 161) with moderate-stage glaucoma recruited from the Glaucoma Service at Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, were enrolled from May 2012 to May 2014 in an ongoing prospective, 4-year longitudinal observational study. This report includes cross-sectional results from the baseline visit. Patients received a complete ocular examination, automated visual field (VF) test and Cirrus optical coherence tomographic scan. Contrast sensitivity was measured with the Pelli-Robson and the Spaeth-Richman Contrast Sensitivity (SPARCS) tests. Vision-related performance was assessed by the Compressed Assessment of Ability Related to Vision (CAARV) test. Vision-related QoL was assessed by the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25 (NEI-VFQ-25) and a modified Glaucoma Symptom Scale (MGSS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Correlations between clinical measures and CAARV, NEI-VFQ-25, and MGSS scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 161 patients were enrolled in the study. The strongest correlation was found between SPARCS score in the better eye and total CAARV score (r = 0.398; 95% CI, 0.235-0.537; P < .001). The CAARV score also correlated with the Pelli-Robson score (r = 0.353; 95% CI, 0.186-0.499; P = .001), VF mean deviation (r = 0.366; 95% CI, 0.200-0.510; P < .001), and VA (r = -0.326, 95% CI = -0.476 to -0.157; P = .003) in the better eye. There were more statistically significant correlations between contrast sensitivity tests and VF mean deviation with VRQoL measurements than with other clinical measures (visual acuity, intraocular pressure, Disc Damage Likelihood Scale, and mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness). The MGSS scores were lower (worse) in women compared with men (P = .03 for binocular, P = .01 for better eye, and P = .05 for the worse eye). Structural measures (eg, Disc Damage Likelihood Scale, and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness) were generally not informative with respect to VRP or VRQoL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contrast sensitivity tests and VF mean deviation were associated with both objective measures of the ability to act and subjective measurements of VRQoL. The strongest correlation was between SPARCS score (contrast sensitivity) in the better eye and total CAARV score. Therefore, measurement of contrast sensitivity should be considered when evaluating patients' VRQoL. The results of this study were limited by the patient population and apply only within the bounds of the tested cohort.
authors.affiliation: Glaucoma Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Feyzahan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ekici
authors.affiliation: Glaucoma Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Loh
authors.affiliation: Glaucoma Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waisbourd
authors.affiliation: Glaucoma Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Glaucoma Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: Glaucoma Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Natasha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.affiliation: Glaucoma Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Sheryl S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wizov
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hegarty
authors.affiliation: Glaucoma Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hark
authors.affiliation: Glaucoma Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: George L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Spaeth
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000502:physiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular; D014787:Vision Tests; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology