title: Apical extrusion of debris and irrigants using ProTaper hand, M-two rotary and WaveOne single file reciprocating system: An ex vivo study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this ex vivo study was to evaluate and compare the weight of debris and volume of irrigant extruded apically from teeth using different preparation techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty extracted human mandibular premolars with single canals and similar lengths were instrumented using hand ProTaper F2 (25, 0.08; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), M-two (25, 0.06; VDW, Munich, Germany) and WaveOne Primary (25, 0.08; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). Debris and irrigant extruded during instrumentation were collected into preweighed Eppendorf tubes. The volume of the irrigant was measured, and then the tubes were stored in an incubator at 70°C for 2 days. The Eppendorf tubes were weighed to obtain the final weight when the extruded debris was included. Three consecutive weights were obtained for each tube.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Student's t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistically significant differences among the groups. The WaveOne reciprocating system showed the maximum amount of apical extrusion of debris and irrigant among all the groups. The least amount of debris and irrigant was observed in ProTaper hand instrument (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All instrumentation techniques were associated with debris and irrigant extrusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rama Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Abhishek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rama Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Doraiswamy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arunagiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rama Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Shankarappa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pushpa
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rama Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Asheesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sawhny
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rama Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Abhinav
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rama Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Kirti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khetan
keywords: Apical extrusion; M-two rotary; ProTaper hand; WaveOne single file reciprocating system; debris; irrigants