title: Unique features of human cathelicidin LL-37.
abstract: Cathelicidins are antimicrobial peptides produced by humans and animals in response to various pathogenic microbes. This review intends to provide a brief overview of the expression, structure, properties and function of human cathelicidin LL-37 which may be a therapeutic agent against a variety of bacterial and viral diseases, cancers, and hard-to-heal wounds. Cathelicidins act as a primary defense against bacteria and other pathogens in the case of inflammation. They are able to kill bacteria and fungi, inhibit and destroy bacterial biofilms, and possess antiviral and antiparasitics properties. They can also play a role in angiogenesis, wound healing, and the regulation of apoptosis. The host defense peptide LL-37 has emerged as a novel modulator of tumor growth and metastasis in carcinogenesis of various types of cancers. LL-37 is an antimicrobial peptide able of inducing various effects. It acts as an anti- and pro- inflammatory factor. Cathelicidins are able to directly and selectively destroy membranes of various microbes and cancer cells, but they do not attack normal cells. The role of cathelicidins in cancer is double-sided. They play an important role in killing cancer cells and may provide a new possibility for the development of cancer therapeutics. However, they also can participate in carcinogenesis. Due to its activity spectrum LL-37 could be applied in pharmacotherapy. Cathelicidin peptides could serve as a template for the development of modern anti-microbial and anti-viral drugs. LL-37 is an excellent candidate to develop into therapeutics for infected wounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Czestochowa, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bandurska
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Czestochowa, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berdowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Dietetics and Food Research, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Czestochowa, Poland.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barczyńska-Felusiak
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Czestochowa, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krupa
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D054804:Cathelicidins
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D054804:Cathelicidins
keywords: LL-37; anti-microbial properties; cathelicidin; immune system; inflammation