title: Nutritional Impact of a Gluten-Free Casein-Free Diet in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
abstract: We compared anthropometric values, nutrient intake, the Healthy Eating Index and food variety in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), 20 on a gluten-free casein-free (GFCF) diet and 85 on a regular diet in Valencia (Spain) using 3-days food diaries. Those on the GFCF diet had a lower weight, body mass index, and total energy, pantothenic acid, calcium, phosphorus and sodium intake, but a higher intake of fiber, legumes, and vegetables. Further, the GFCF diet group had a better quality of fat intake, but needed supplementation with vitamin D. Randomized controlled trials are required to explore long-term effects of this diet on anthropometric and nutritional status (the focus of our study), but also behavioral symptoms, in children with ASD.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Public Health and Environmental Care, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.|Institute of Health Carlos III, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marí-Bauset
authors.affiliation: Unit of Public Health and Environmental Care, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.|Institute of Health Carlos III, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Center for Public Health Research (CSISP-FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Agustín
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Llopis-González
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain.|Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Itziar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zazpe
authors.affiliation: Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Navarra Hospital Complex, Navarra, Spain.
authors.forename: Amelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marí-Sanchis
authors.affiliation: Unit of Public Health and Environmental Care, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. maria.m.morales@uv.es.|Institute of Health Carlos III, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. maria.m.morales@uv.es.|Center for Public Health Research (CSISP-FISABIO), Valencia, Spain. maria.m.morales@uv.es.
authors.forename: María Morales
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Suárez-Varela
mesh_terms: D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000178:diet therapy*; D002364:Caseins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D055050:Diet, Gluten-Free / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins
keywords: ASD (autism spectrum disorder); Casein-free diet; Gluten-free; Growth; Nutrition