title: Non-mammalian models in behavioral neuroscience: consequences for biological psychiatry.
abstract: Current models in biological psychiatry focus on a handful of model species, and the majority of work relies on data generated in rodents. However, in the same sense that a comparative approach to neuroanatomy allows for the identification of patterns of brain organization, the inclusion of other species and an adoption of comparative viewpoints in behavioral neuroscience could also lead to increases in knowledge relevant to biological psychiatry. Specifically, this approach could help to identify conserved features of brain structure and behavior, as well as to understand how variation in gene expression or developmental trajectories relates to variation in brain and behavior pertinent to psychiatric disorders. To achieve this goal, the current focus on mammalian species must be expanded to include other species, including non-mammalian taxa. In this article, we review behavioral neuroscientific experiments in non-mammalian species, including traditional "model organisms" (zebrafish and Drosophila) as well as in other species which can be used as "reference." The application of these domains in biological psychiatry and their translational relevance is considered.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Campus VIII - Marabá, Universidade do Estado do Pará Marabá, Brazil.
authors.forename: Caio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maximino
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Campus VIII - Marabá, Universidade do Estado do Pará Marabá, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rhayra Xavier do Carmo
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Campus VIII - Marabá, Universidade do Estado do Pará Marabá, Brazil.
authors.forename: Suéllen de Nazaré Santos
authors.initials: Sde N
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Campus VIII - Marabá, Universidade do Estado do Pará Marabá, Brazil.
authors.forename: Laís do Socorro Dos Santos
authors.initials: Ldo S
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Campus VIII - Marabá, Universidade do Estado do Pará Marabá, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hellen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Universität Duisburg-Essen Essen, Germany ; Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará Belém, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tayana Silva
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará Belém, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luana Ketlen Dos Reis
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Leão
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Campus VIII - Marabá, Universidade do Estado do Pará Marabá, Brazil ; Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará Belém, Brazil.
authors.forename: Monica Gomes
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará Belém, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karen Renata Matos
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará Belém, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anderson Manoel
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Herculano
keywords: anamniotes; behavioral models; biological psychiatry; invertebrates; sauropsida; teleost fish