title: Regulation of the Immune Response to α-Gal and Vector-borne Diseases.
abstract: Vector-borne diseases (VBD) challenge our understanding of emerging diseases. Recently, arthropod vectors have been involved in emerging anaphylactic diseases. In particular, the immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody response to the carbohydrate Galα1-3Galβ1-(3)4GlcNAc-R (α-gal) following a tick bite was associated with allergies to red meat, cetuximab, and gelatin. By contrast, an anti-α-gal IgM antibody response was shown to protect against mosquito-borne malaria. Herein, we highlight the interplay between the gut microbiota, vectors, transmitted pathogens, and the regulation of the immune response as a model to understand the protective or allergic effect of α-gal. Establishing the source of α-gal in arthropod vectors and the immune response to vector bites and transmitted pathogens will be essential for diagnosing, treating, and ultimately preventing these emerging anaphylactic and other vector-borne diseases.
authors.affiliation: Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), INSERM U1019 - CNRS UMR 8204, Université Lille Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cabezas-Cruz
authors.affiliation: SaBio. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mateos-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), INSERM U1019 - CNRS UMR 8204, Université Lille Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Magdiel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pérez-Cruz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Valdés
authors.affiliation: SaBio. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel G Fernández de
authors.initials: IGF
authors.lastname: Mera
authors.affiliation: SaBio. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Villar
authors.affiliation: SaBio. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA. Electronic address: jose_delafuente@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de la Fuente
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060829:Arthropod Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D001179:Arthropod Vectors / Q000276:immunology*; D004199:Disease Vectors; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology*; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D007073:Immunoglobulin E
keywords: alpha-gal; malaria; tick; vaccine; vector-borne diseases