title: Genotoxic and oxidative stress potential of nanosized and bulk zinc oxide particles in Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONP) are manufactured on a large scale and can be found in a variety of consumer products, such as sunscreens, lotions, paints and food additives. Few studies have been carried out on its genotoxic potential and related mechanisms in whole organisms. In the present study, the in vivo genotoxic activity of ZnONP and its bulk form was assayed using the wing-spot test and comet assay in Drosophila melanogaster Additionally, a lipid peroxidation analysis using the thiobarbituric acid assay was also performed. Results obtained with the wing-spot test showed a lack of genotoxic activity of both ZnO forms. However, when both particle sizes were tested in the comet assay using larvae haemocytes, a significant increase in DNA damage was observed for ZnONP treatments but only at the higher dose applied. In addition, the lipid peroxidation assay showed significant malondialdehyde (MDA) induction for both ZnO forms, but the induction of MDA for ZnONP was higher for the ZnO bulk, suggesting that the observed DNA strand breaks could be induced by mediated oxidative stress. The overall data suggest that the potential genotoxicity of ZnONP in Drosophila can be considered weak according to the lack of mutagenic and recombinogenic effects and the induction of primary DNA damage only at high toxic doses of ZnONP. This study is the first assessing the genotoxic and oxidative stress potential of nano and bulk ZnO particles in Drosophila.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Genotoxicología, Núcleo de Investigación en Estudios Ambientales, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile ecarmona@uct.cl.
authors.forename: Erico R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Carmona
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Escuela de Agronomía, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Inostroza-Blancheteau
authors.affiliation: Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.affiliation: Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ricard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marcos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010316:Particle Size; D014921:Wings, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: Comet assay; DNA damage; ZnO; haemocytes; malondialdehyde; wing-spot test