title: Antitumor activity of ginseng sapogenins, 25-OH-PPD and 25-OCH3-PPD, on gastric cancer cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  25-Hydroxyprotopanaxadiol (25-OH-PPD) and 25-methoxylprotopanaxadiol (25-OCH3-PPD), two ginseng sapogenins, have potent antitumor activity and their effects on gastric cancer (BGC-823, SGC-7901, MKN-28) cells and a gastric mucosa (GES-1) cell line are reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both compounds significantly inhibited the growth of gastric cancer cells, while having lesser inhibitory effects on GES-1 cells by MTT assay. A mechanistic study revealed that the two ginseng sapogenins could induce apoptosis in BGC-823 cells by morphological observation, DNA fragmentation, flow cytometry and western blot analysis. Besides, the apoptosis was inhibited by Ac-DEVD-CHO, a caspase 3 inhibitor, which was confirmed by cell viability analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that 25-OH-PPD and 25-OCH3-PPD have potential to be promising agents for the treatment of gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guangyue
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xude
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoshu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China. zyq4885@126.com.
authors.forename: Yuqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry; D012502:Sapogenins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C529607:25-hydroxyprotopanaxadiol; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D036145:Ginsenosides; D012502:Sapogenins; D020169:Caspases
keywords: 25-Hydroxyprotopanaxadiol; 25-Methoxylprotopanaxadiol; Antitumor activity; Apoptosis; Gastric cancer; Ginseng sapogenins