title: Effect of gingival displacement cord and cordless systems on the closure, displacement, and inflammation of the gingival crevice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The gingival sulcus should remain open long enough for the impression material to flow into it and completely fill the space provided by the gingival displacement. Impressions with less sulcal width have a higher incidence of voids, tearing of impression materials, and reduction in marginal accuracy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this clinical study was to investigate the closure, gingival displacement, and gingival inflammation of the gingival crevice after the use of medicated gingival displacement cord and cordless systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gingival sulcus closure was studied in 40 participants. They were divided into 4 groups: 2 cord (Ultrapack, SilTrax AS) and 2 cordless (Expasyl, Traxodent Hemodent paste) methods. The labial surfaces of the maxillary right and left central incisors were evaluated. Gingival sulcus was photographed every 20 seconds from 0 to 180 seconds after the removal of the cord or cordless system. The bleeding index (BI) and gingival index (GI) were measured at day 0, day 1, and day 7. The width of the sulcal orifice was measured at the mid-buccal (MB) and transitional line angle (TLA) on a digital image, using computer software (Photoshop version 7.0; Adobe). Data were analyzed with ANOVA, Tukey honest significant difference (HSD), Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests (α=.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All groups showed a sulcal width greater than 0.22 mm up to 60 seconds after the removal of the displacement materials at the MB and up to 40 seconds at the TLA. Among all groups, Expasyl showed the fastest closure. Gingival displacement in the MB area for the cord group was greater than for the cordless groups. GI and BI indices were larger for the cord group than for the cordless group at days 0 and 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At up to 60 seconds, the cord and cordless techniques were equally effective. The cord group showed a greater amount of displacement than the cordless group. However, the cordless materials showed reduced frequency of changes to the gingival index.
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India. Electronic address: drsumichandra@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sumi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Prosthodontic, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Periodontics, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Periodontics, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Chetan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.affiliation: Research Consultant, APS, Lucknow, India; and Visiting Faculty, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Lucknow University, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Varun
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Arora
mesh_terms: D003760:Dental Impression Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D003761:Dental Impression Technique / Q000295:instrumentation; D004548:Elasticity; D005881:Gingiva / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology*; D060745:Gingival Retraction Techniques; D005891:Gingivitis; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D014160:Transducers, Pressure
chemical_list: D003760:Dental Impression Materials