title: Effect of concurrent walking and interlocutor distance on conversational speech intensity and rate in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated a negative effect of concurrent walking and talking on gait in Parkinson's disease (PD) but there is limited information about the effect of concurrent walking on speech production. The present study examined the effect of sitting, standing, and three concurrent walking tasks (slow, normal, fast) on conversational speech intensity and speech rate in fifteen individuals with hypophonia related to idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and fourteen age-equivalent controls. Interlocuter (talker-to-talker) distance effects and walking speed were also examined. Concurrent walking was found to produce a significant increase in speech intensity, relative to standing and sitting, in both the control and PD groups. Faster walking produced significantly greater speech intensity than slower walking. Concurrent walking had no effect on speech rate. Concurrent walking and talking produced significant reductions in walking speed in both the control and PD groups. In general, the results of the present study indicate that concurrent walking tasks and the speed of concurrent walking can have a significant positive effect on conversational speech intensity. These positive, "energizing" effects need to be given consideration in future attempts to develop a comprehensive model of speech intensity regulation and they may have important implications for the development of new evaluation and treatment procedures for individuals with hypophonia related to PD.
authors.affiliation: School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Western University, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada; Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Western University, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada. Electronic address: cmccaig2@uwo.ca.
authors.forename: Cassandra M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: McCaig
authors.affiliation: School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Western University, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada; Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Western University, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada. Electronic address: sadams@uwo.ca.
authors.forename: Scott G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Western University, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada; Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Western University, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada. Electronic address: adykstr3@uwo.ca.
authors.forename: Allyson D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Dykstra
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada. Electronic address: Mandar.Jog@lhsc.on.ca.
authors.forename: Mandar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jog
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Concurrent tasks; Interlocutor distance; Parkinson's disease; Speech intensity; Walking speed