title: Biomarkers in Parkinson's disease: Advances and strategies.
abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor disturbances and affects more than 1% of the worldwide population. Despite considerable progress in understanding PD pathophysiology, including genetic and biochemical causes, diagnostic approaches lack accuracy and interventions are restricted to symptomatic treatments. PD is a complex syndrome with different clinical subtypes and a wide variability in disorder course. In order to deliver better clinical management of PD patients and discovery of novel therapies, there is an urgent need to find sensitive, specific, and reliable biomarkers. The development of biomarkers will not only help the scientific community to identify populations at risk, but also facilitate clinical diagnosis. Furthermore, these tools could monitor progression, which could ultimately deliver personalized therapeutic strategies. The field of biomarker discovery in PD has attracted significant attention and there have been numerous contributions in recent years. Although none of the parameters have been validated for clinical practice, some candidates hold promise. This review summarizes recent advances in the development of PD biomarkers and discusses new strategies for their utilization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Delenclos
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
authors.forename: Daryl R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
authors.forename: Pamela J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: McLean
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA. Electronic address: Uitti@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Ryan J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Uitti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Biochemical biomarkers; Diagnosis; Imaging; Parkinson's disease; Progression