title: Aerobic exercise improves cardiac autonomic modulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise on cardiac autonomic modulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty women with PCOS (25.8±4.8 years old; body mass index, BMI≥25 kg/m2) were divided into two groups; exercise group (n=15) and control group (n=15). R-R interval was recorded during 15-min at rest in the supine position. Heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed by linear (rMSSD, SDNN, LF, HF, LFnu, HFnu, and LF/HF) and nonlinear methods (Shannon entropy, SE; symbolic analyses, 0 V%, 1 V%, 2LV%, and 2UV%) at baseline and after 16 weeks. The multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the effects of exercise on HRV indexes, adjusted for changes in BMI, fasting insulin, and testosterone level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The exercise group increased parasympathetic modulation (rMSSD, HF, HFnu, 2UV%; (p<0.05)) and decreased sympathetic modulation (LF, LFnu, 0 V%; (p<0.05)) independently of changes in BMI, fasting insulin, and testosterone level. Moreover, the exercise group decreased resting HR and systolic blood pressure (p<0.05). All parameters remained unchanged in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aerobic exercise increased vagal modulation and decreased sympathetic modulation in women with PCOS. This finding reinforces the recommendations for exercise during the clinical management of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Joceline C F
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sá
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, Cardiovascular Physiotherapy Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ester
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, Cardiovascular Physiotherapy Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nayara Y
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Tamburús
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Porta
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leany F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Telma M A M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Lemos
authors.affiliation: School Maternity Januário Cicco, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elvira M M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil. Electronic address: georgedantas.faimer@gmail.com.
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Azevedo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D013739:Testosterone
keywords: Aerobic exercise; Autonomic nervous system; Cardiac autonomic modulation; Complexity; Heart rate variability; Polycystic ovary syndrome