title: Serum club cell protein 16 is associated with asymptomatic airway responsiveness in adults: Findings from the French epidemiological study on the genetics and environment of asthma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Club cell secretory protein (CC-16) is a sensitive biomarker of airways epithelium integrity. It has gained interest as a biological marker in chronic lung diseases because of its presumed relationship to inflammation. Little is known about the association between CC-16 serum level and asthma, lung function and airway responsiveness (AR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum CC-16 level was determined by latex immunoassay in 1298 participants from the French Epidemiological case-control and family-based study on Genetics and Environment of Asthma (EGEA) (mean age 43 years; 49% men, 38% with asthma). Pre-bronchodilator lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 ), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1 /FVC) and degree of AR, expressed as a function of the dose-response slope to methacholine test were measured. Standardized residuals CC-16 z-scores were obtained by regressing CC-16 level on the glomerular filtration rate. CC-16 z-scores were correlated with asthma, lung function and AR in participants with and without asthma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CC-16 geometric mean level was 12.4 μg/L (range: 2.2-70.6 μg/L). In participants without asthma, lower CC-16 z-scores was associated with impaired FEV1 /FVC% (β = 0.50 (95% CI: 0.06, 0.95) and with higher degree of AR (β = 0.24 (95% CI: 0.09, 0.39)). CC-16 was not associated with impaired lung function or AR in participants with asthma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower CC-16 serum level was associated with impaired lung function and AR, suggesting that serum CC-16 level may reflect early damages to the lung epithelium in adults without asthma.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, VIMA: Aging and chronic diseases. Epidemiological and public health approaches, Villejuif, France.|University of Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, France.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rava
authors.affiliation: INSERM, VIMA: Aging and chronic diseases. Epidemiological and public health approaches, Villejuif, France.|University of Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, France.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Le Moual
authors.affiliation: Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dumont
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain.|Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.affiliation: University of Grenoble Alpes, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France.|INSERM, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France.|University Hospital of Grenoble, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France.|INSERM, Institut Albert Bonniot, La Tronche, France.
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Siroux
authors.affiliation: INSERM, VIMA: Aging and chronic diseases. Epidemiological and public health approaches, Villejuif, France.|University of Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, France.|Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Benedicte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jacquemin
authors.affiliation: INSERM, CESP Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Respiratory and Environmental Epidemiology Team, Villejuif, France.|University of Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kauffmann
authors.affiliation: Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.affiliation: INSERM, VIMA: Aging and chronic diseases. Epidemiological and public health approaches, Villejuif, France.|University of Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, France.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nadif
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D008875:Middle Aged; D014598:Uteroglobin / Q000097:blood*; D014797:Vital Capacity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C556389:SCGB1A1 protein, human; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D014598:Uteroglobin
keywords: airway hyper-reactivity; asthma; biological marker; lung function test; uteroglobin