title: Exploration of graphene oxide as an intelligent platform for cancer vaccines.
abstract: We explored an intelligent vaccine system via facile approaches using both experimental and theoretical techniques based on the two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO). Without extra addition of bio/chemical stimulators, the microsized GO imparted various immune activation tactics to improve the antigen immunogenicity. A high antigen adsorption was acquired, and the mechanism was revealed to be a combination of electrostatic, hydrophobic, and π-π stacking interactions. The "folding GO" acted as a cytokine self-producer and antigen reservoir and showed a particular autophagy, which efficiently promoted the activation of antigen presenting cells (APCs) and subsequent antigen cross-presentation. Such a "One but All" modality thus induced a high level of anti-tumor responses in a programmable way and resulted in efficient tumor regression in vivo. This work may shed light on the potential use of a new dimensional nano-platform in the development of high-performance cancer vaccines.
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. ghma@ipe.ac.cn zgsu@ipe.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Zonglin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Dezhi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Nana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Zaixing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jose Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Garate
authors.forename: Ruhong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Zhiguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Guanghui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000166:cytology; D001343:Autophagy; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000737:chemistry*; D002469:Cell Separation; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D055672:Static Electricity; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D010087:Oxides; D006108:Graphite