title: Epidemiology of influenza viruses from 2009 to 2013 - A sentinel surveillance report from Union territory of Puducherry, India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the findings of influenza surveillance programme from Union territory of Puducherry and to document the clinical and epidemiological data of influenza viruses over a five year period from 2009 to 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  Respiratory samples were collected from patients with influenza-like illness from 2009 to 2013 as part of routine diagnostic and surveillance activity. Detection of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009, influenza A (H3N2) and influenza B was done using Real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the total 2247 samples collected from patients with influenza-like illness during the study period 287 (12.7%) and 92 (4.0%) were positive for influenza A (H1N1) 2009 and influenza A (H3N2) respectively. A subset of 557 of these samples were also tested for influenza B and 24 (4.3%) were positive. Significantly higher positivity rate for both viruses was observed in adults when compared with children. The peak positivity of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 was observed in 2009 followed by 2012, while that of influenza A (H3N2) was more uniformly distributed with the exception of 2012. Overall mortality rate due to influenza A (H1N1) 2009 was 7.6% while it was 1% for influenza A (H3N2). Each year influenza-like illness and influenza virus activity coincided with period of high rainfall and low temperature except in the first half of 2012.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As the sole referral laboratory in this region, the data provides a comprehensive picture of influenza activity. This information will be useful in future planning of the vaccine schedule and influenza pandemic preparedness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, JIPMER, Puducherry, 605006, India.
authors.forename: Ganesh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nandhini
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, JIPMER, Puducherry, 605006, India. Electronic address: sujathasistla@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sistla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sujatha
keywords: India; Influenza; Influenza-like illness; Pandemic; Post-pandemic