title: Zinc Methionine Supplementation Impacts Gene and Protein Expression in Calf-Fed Holstein Steers with Minimal Impact on Feedlot Performance.
abstract: Providing cattle a more bioavailable zinc (Zn) source prior to administering a beta adrenergic agonist (βAA) may enhance the metabolic pool of primary nutrients that will influence the magnitude of the βAA response. Calf-fed Holstein steers were supplemented with a Zn methionine supplement (ZnMet; ZINPRO(®); Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN) for 115 ± 5 days prior to harvest along with zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH; Zilmax(®); Merck Animal Health, Summit, NJ) for the last 20 days with a 3-day withdrawal to evaluate the effects on growth and carcass performance together with gene and protein expression of skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and fatty acid composition of polar and neutral lipid depots. Steers (n = 1296; initial weight = 468.5 ± 0.5 kg) were sorted by weight, blocked by harvest date, and randomly assigned to pens (n = 12) and treatments: control (90 ppm Zn from ZnSO4) and ZnMet (Control plus 720 mg Zn from ZnMet/hd/d). There were no differences (P > 0.05) in growth performance or carcass characteristics. The ZnMet-fed cattle had reduced (P < 0.05) abundance of myosin heavy chain (MHC)-IIX, β1-adrenergic receptor (βAR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase mRNA in skeletal muscle tissue. The ZnMet cattle had greater (P < 0.05) abundance of MHC-II protein, increased MHC-IIA and IIX cross-sectional areas (P < 0.05), an increased percentage of MHC-I fibers (P < 0.05), and a decreased percentage of MHC-IIX fibers (P < 0.05). The combination of ZnMet and ZH had positive biological effects on musculoskeletal tissue; however, these molecular effects were not significant enough to impact overall feedlot and carcass performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Box 42141, Lubbock, TX, 79409-2141, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hergenreder
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Legako
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA.
authors.forename: T T N
authors.initials: TTN
authors.lastname: Dinh
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Box 42141, Lubbock, TX, 79409-2141, USA.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Spivey
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Box 42141, Lubbock, TX, 79409-2141, USA.
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Baggerman
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Box 42141, Lubbock, TX, 79409-2141, USA.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Broadway
authors.affiliation: Beckett Consulting Services, Fallbrook, CA, 92028, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Beckett
authors.affiliation: Zinpro, Eden Prairie, MN, 55344, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Branine
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Box 42141, Lubbock, TX, 79409-2141, USA. bradley.johnson@ttu.edu.
authors.forename: B J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8445-2578
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008715:Methionine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018342:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018342:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1; C074508:zinc methionine; D008715:Methionine; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains
keywords: Myosin heavy chain; Zilpaterol hydrochloride; Zinc methionine; β-Adrenergic receptor