title: Fluorescence-Guided Surgery of Liver Metastasis in Orthotopic Nude-Mouse Models.
abstract: We report here the development of fluorescence-guided surgery of liver metastasis. HT29 human colon cancer cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) were initially injected in the spleen of nude mice. Three weeks later, established liver metastases were harvested and implanted on the left lobe of the liver in other nude mice in order to make an orthotopic liver metastasis model. Fourteen mice with a single liver metastasis were randomized into bright-light surgery (BLS) or fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) groups. Seven mice were treated with BLS, seven were treated with FGS. Three weeks after implantation, the left lobe of the liver with a single metastasis was exposed through a median abdominal incision. BLS was performed under white light. FGS was performed using a hand-held portable fluorescence imaging system (Dino-Lite). Post-surgical residual tumor fluorescence was visualized with the OV100 Small Animal Imaging System. Residual tumor fluorescence after BLS was clearly visualized at high magnification with the OV100. In contrast, residual tumor fluorescence after FGS was not detected even at high magnification with the OV100. These results demonstrate the feasibility of FGS for liver metastasis.
authors.affiliation: AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America; Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America; Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiroshima
authors.affiliation: AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chishima
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kuniya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bouvet
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Itaru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.affiliation: AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America; Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D061848:Optical Imaging; D012008:Recurrence; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins