title: An Unusual Course of Segmental Renal Artery Displays a Rare Case of Hilar Nutcracker Phenomenon.
abstract: Nutcracker phenomenon or renal vein entrapment is classically seen as a compression of renal vein in between abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery with patients being asymptomatic or clinically manifested in the form of nutcracker syndrome as proteinuria, hematuria, flank pain, pelvic congestion in women, and varicocele in men. In this report, we are presenting a case of rare variant of nutcracker phenomenon along with brief review of anatomy, pathophysiology, public health, and clinical significance of nutcracker syndrome. On a routine dissection of an adult male cadaver, we noticed an unusual arrangement of the structures at the hilum of the left kidney showing entrapment of renal vein between left anterior inferior and posterior segmental renal arteries. The variation in the course of left anterior inferior segmental renal artery leads to compression of left renal vein at renal hilum. Therefore, we have named this rare abnormal anatomical entity as hilar nutcracker phenomenon. The structures in the right renal hilum are normal. The objective of this paper is to report an unusual but important variant of nutcracker phenomenon and also give collective knowledge of such anatomical variations in renal vasculature that will help in diagnosing and treating such rare renal disorder.
authors.affiliation: School of Anatomical Science, Alderson Broaddus University College of Medical Science, Philippi, WV 26416, USA.
authors.forename: Devendra A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Sawant
authors.affiliation: School of Physician Assistant Studies, Alderson Broaddus University College of Medical Science, Philippi, WV 26416, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Moore