title: Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to the consumption of red and processed meat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the proportion and numbers of cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to consuming red/processed meat.
  
  
  METHODS
  We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) for cancers causally associated with red/processed meat consumption (colon, rectum) using standard formulae incorporating prevalence of consumption (1995 National Nutrition Survey), relative risks associated with consumption and cancer incidence. We also estimated the proportion change in cancer incidence (potential impact fraction [PIF]) that might have occurred under two hypothetical interventions whereby Australian adults reduced their consumption of red/processed meat from prevailing levels to ≤100 g or ≤65 g per day, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An estimated 2,614 cases (18%) of colorectal cancer occurring in Australians in 2010 were attributable to red/processed meat consumption (16% of colon cancers; 23% of rectal cancers). We estimated that if all Australian adults had consumed ≤65 g/day or ≤100 g/day of red/processed meat, then the incidence of colorectal cancer would have been 5.4% (798 cancers) or 1.4% (204 cancers) lower, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  About one in six colorectal cancers in Australians in 2010 were attributable to red/processed meat consumption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reducing red/processed meat intake may reduce colorectal cancer incidence, but must be balanced against nutritional benefits of modest lean meat consumption.
authors.affiliation: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland.|School of Public Health, The University of Queensland.
authors.forename: Christina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Nagle
authors.affiliation: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland.
authors.forename: Louise F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland.
authors.forename: Maria Celia B
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.affiliation: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland.
authors.forename: Torukiri I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Ibiebele
authors.affiliation: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland.
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.affiliation: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland.|National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Bain
authors.affiliation: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland.|School of Public Health, The University of Queensland.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Whiteman
authors.affiliation: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland.|School of Public Health, The University of Queensland.
authors.forename: Penelope M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Webb
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: cancer; population attributable fraction; potential impact fraction; red/processed meat; risk factor