title: Religiosity and mental health of pre-adolescents with psychiatric problems and their parents: the TRAILS study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study investigated the association between the religiosity of parents and pre-adolescents, and pre-adolescents' psychiatric problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a clinic-referred cohort of 543 pre-adolescents at least once referred to a mental health outpatient clinic mental health problems were assessed using self-reports (Youth Self-Report; YSR), parent reports (Child Behavior Checklist; CBCL), and teacher reports (Teacher's Report Form; TRF) of child behavioral and emotional problems. Paternal, maternal, and pre-adolescent religiosity were assessed by self-report. MANCOVAs were performed for internalizing and externalizing problems as dependent variables, with maternal religiosity, paternal religiosity, pre-adolescent religiosity, parental religious harmony, and gender as independent variables, and socioeconomic status and divorce as covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Internalizing problems. Pre-adolescents of actively religious mothers had more internalizing symptoms than pre-adolescents of nonreligious mothers. Harmony and gender did not significantly affect the association between maternal religiosity and internalizing problems. Externalizing problems. No associations between religiosity of pre-adolescents, religiosity of mothers, religiosity of fathers and/or harmony of parents and externalizing problem behavior have been found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, associations between mental health and religiosity were modest to absent. Results are discussed in the context of a clinic-referred cohort, the quest phase of internalizing religious beliefs and role modeling of parents.
authors.affiliation: Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dr. E. Schattenkerkweg 1, 8025 BW, Zwolle, The Netherlands. Electronic address: w.vanderjagt@karakter.com.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van der Jagt-Jelsma
authors.affiliation: GGz In de Bres, Drachten, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: de Vries-Schot
authors.affiliation: Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dr. E. Schattenkerkweg 1, 8025 BW, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rint
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hartman
authors.affiliation: Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Verhulst
authors.affiliation: Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Klip
authors.affiliation: Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P A M
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: van Deurzen
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, The Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Buitelaar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D012069:Religion and Psychology
keywords: Clinic-referred cohort; Mental health; Parents; Pre-adolescents; Religion; Religiosity