title: Urate crystals induce NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent IL-1β secretion and proliferation in isolated primary human T-cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urate through NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-dependent caspase-1 activation stimulates macrophages to secrete inteleukin-1β (IL-1β). Urate also enhances adaptive immunity indirectly through its effect on antigen presenting cells. In this study, the direct effect of urate on isolated primary human T-cells was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated T-cells were cultured with or without monosodium urate crystals in the presence or not of the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor glyburide. Activated cleaved caspase-1 was assessed by means of western blotting, whereas caspase-1 activity was measured colorimetrically in the cell lysates. IL-1β was measured in the supernatants by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. T-cell proliferation was assessed by means of bromodeoxyuridine labelling and immunoenzymatic detection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urate induced caspase-1 activation and IL-1β release by T-cells. It also induced proliferation of T-cells. Glyburide inhibited urate-induced caspase-1 activation, IL-1β secretion and proliferation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urate, a well defined danger signal, stimulates directly human T-cells in a NLRP3 infmmasomela-dependent way. The subsequent IL-1β secretion could enhance inflammation, whereas expansion of T-cell clones could facilitate a subsequent adaptive immune response. Hippokratia 2015, 19 (1): 41-46.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eleftheriadis
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pissas
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Antoniadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Makri
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Liakopoulos
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stefanidis
keywords: NLRP3; T-cells; Urate; caspase-1; inflammasome; interleukin-1β