title: Parecoxib Increases Blood Pressure Through Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase-2 Messenger RNA in an Experimental Model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors have been developed to alleviate pain and inflammation; however, the use of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor is associated with mild edema, hypertension, and cardiovascular risk.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate, in an experimental model in normotensive rats, the effect of treatment with parecoxib in comparison with diclofenac and aspirin and L-NAME, a non-selective nitric oxide synthetase, on mean arterial blood pressure, and cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 messenger RNA and protein expression in aortic tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were treated for seven days with parecoxib (10 mg/kg/day), diclofenac (3.2 mg/kg/day), aspirin (10 mg/kg/day), or L-NAME (10 mg/kg/day). Mean arterial blood pressure was evaluated in rat tail; cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 were evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis in aortic tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parecoxib and L-NAME, but not aspirin and diclofenac, increased mean arterial blood pressure by about 50% (p < 0.05) without changes in cardiac frequency. Messenger RNA cyclooxygenase-1 expression in aortic tissue was not modified with any drug (p < 0.05). L-NAME and parecoxib treatment decreased messenger RNA cyclooxygenase-2 and cyclooxygenase-2 (p < 0.05). While cyclooxygenase-1 protein decreased with the three drugs tested but not with L-NAME (p < 0.05), the cyclooxygenase-2 protein decreased only with aspirin and parecoxib (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parecoxib increases the blood pressure of normotensive rats by the suppression of COX-2 gene expression, which apparently induced cardiovascular control.
authors.affiliation: Coordinación Académica Región Altiplano, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Matehuala, S.L.P., México.
authors.forename: Ángel Antonio
authors.initials: ÁA
authors.lastname: Vértiz-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., México.
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martínez-Morales
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., México.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Valle-Aguilera
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: López-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., México.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Villalobos-Molina
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Advanced Studies-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México, México.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pérez-Urizar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001241:Aspirin / Q000633:toxicity; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000235:genetics; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000633:toxicity; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000633:toxicity; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D007555:Isoxazoles; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D004008:Diclofenac; C409945:parecoxib; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D001241:Aspirin; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester