title: Biologic Approaches to Treat Substance-Use Disorders.
abstract: In contrast to traditional pharmacodynamic approaches to treat substance-use disorders (SUDs), the use of biologics (vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and genetically modified enzymes) is based on a pharmacokinetic principle: reduce the amount of (and, ideally, eliminate) abused drug entering the central nervous system (CNS). Preclinical studies indicate that biologics are effective in both facilitating abstinence and preventing relapse to abused substances ranging from nicotine to heroin. While data are still emerging, the results from multiple clinical trials can best be described as mixed. Nonetheless, these clinical studies have already provided important insights using 'first-generation' tools that may inform the development of effective and commercially viable biologics to treat tobacco-, cocaine-, and methamphetamine-use disorders.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacotherapies and Medical Consequences of Drug Abuse, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-9551, USA. Electronic address: phil.skolnick@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Phil
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Skolnick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D014612:Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D014612:Vaccines; D006867:Hydrolases
keywords: cocaine; methamphetamine; monoclonal antibodies; nicotine; substance use disorders; vaccines