title: Fate of Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and Formation of Ester- and Ether-Linked Bound Residues in an Oxic Sandy Soil.
abstract: Bound-residue formation is a major dissipation process of most organic xenobiotics in soil. However, both the formation and nature of bound residues of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in soil are unclear. Using a 14C-tracer, we studied the fate of TBBPA in an oxic soil during 143 days of incubation. TBBPA dissipated with a half-life of 14.7 days; at the end of incubation, 19.6% mineralized and 66.5% formed bound residues. Eight extractable metabolites were detected, including TBBPA methyl ethers, single-ring bromophenols, and their methyl ethers. Bound residues (mostly bound to humin) rapidly formed during the first 35 days. The amount of those humin-bound residues then quickly decreased, whereas total bound residues decreased slowly. By contrast, residues bound to humic acids and fulvic acids increased continuously until a plateau was reached. Ester- and ether-linked residues accounted for 9.6-27.0% of total bound residues during the incubation, with ester linkages being predominant. Residues bound via ester linkages consisted of TBBPA, TBBPA monomethyl ether, and an unknown polar compound. Our results indicated that bound-residue formation is the major pathway of TBBPA dissipation in oxic soil and provide first insights into the chemical structure of the reversibly ester-linked bound residues of TBBPA and its metabolites.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Fangjie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Jiajia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Bingqi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland , Gründenstrasse 40, Muttenz CH-4132, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nastold
authors.affiliation: Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland , Gründenstrasse 40, Muttenz CH-4132, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kolvenbach
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Lianhong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Yini
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China.|Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland , Gründenstrasse 40, Muttenz CH-4132, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Philippe François-Xavier
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Corvini
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ji
mesh_terms: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D004952:Esters / Q000032:analysis*; D004986:Ether / Q000032:analysis*; D006812:Humic Substances / Q000032:analysis; D006868:Hydrolysis; D055442:Metabolome; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D004952:Esters; D006812:Humic Substances; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D004986:Ether; C020806:tetrabromobisphenol A