title: Clinicopathology Profile and Bone Involvement of Multiple Myeloma Patients in Dharmais National Cancer Hospital, Indonesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Even though rarely found in Indonesia, the incidence of multiple myeloma (MM) is increasing every year. Bone involvement of MM is the most often a clinical disorder which leads to worsening clinical conditions and low quality of life of patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the clinicopathology profile of bone involvement of MM patients in Indonesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cross-sectional study of MM conducted at Dharmais National Cancer Hospital (DNCH) by collecting data from medical records of MM patients who came to DNCH in period 2008-2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 39 MM patients all with age above 60 years. There were 56.4% male and 43.6% female patients. Most were diagnosed at stage III (32.4%), and 41% had obesity. The comorbid conditions were anemia (82.9%), hypoalbuminemia (60%), increased creatinine level (38.5%), increased β2 microglobulin level (94.1%), increased LDH level (23.1%) and plasmocytes above 30% (65%), but only 4.2% patients presented with hypercalcemia. Meanwhile, bone involvement occurred in 76.9% of MM patients with 4 lesions on average and a maximum of 16 lesions. The locations of bone lesions were spine (70%), skull (70%), pelvis (33.3%), humerus (30%), and femur (30%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of MM in Indonesia is increasing annually with bone involvement in more than three-fourths, but interestingly without hypercalcemia.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Dharmais National Cancer Hospital, Jakarta Barat, Indonesia E-mail : noorwatis3@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Noorwati
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sutandyo
authors.forename: Evi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Firna
authors.forename: Julyanti
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Agustina
authors.forename: Nugroho
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Prayogo
authors.forename: Leovinna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Widjaja
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000740:Anemia / Q000209:etiology; D002452:Cell Count; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005266:Femoral Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D006801:Humans; D006811:Humerus; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000209:etiology; D034141:Hypoalbuminemia / Q000209:etiology; D007214:Indonesia; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D010384:Pelvic Bones; D010950:Plasma Cells; D012888:Skull Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin; D003404:Creatinine; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase