title: How Neutrophils Shape Adaptive Immune Responses.
abstract: Neutrophils are classically considered as cells pivotal for the first line of defense against invading pathogens. In recent years, evidence has accumulated that they are also important in the orchestration of adaptive immunity. Neutrophils rapidly migrate in high numbers to sites of inflammation (e.g., infection, tissue damage, and cancer) and are subsequently able to migrate to draining lymph nodes (LNs). Both at the site of inflammation as well as in the LNs, neutrophils can engage with lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. This crosstalk occurs either directly via cell-cell contact or via mediators, such as proteases, cytokines, and radical oxygen species. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge regarding locations and mechanisms of interaction between neutrophils and lymphocytes in the context of homeostasis and various pathological conditions. In addition, we will highlight the complexity of the microenvironment that is involved in the generation of suppressive or stimulatory neutrophil phenotypes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands ; Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pieter H C
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Leliefeld
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands ; Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands.
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Koenderman
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands ; Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands.
authors.forename: Janesh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pillay
keywords: T-cells; immune-paralysis; immune-regulation; inflammation; myeloid-derived suppressor cells; neutrophil; neutrophil phenotypes