title: Ankle-Brachial Index, Toe-Brachial Index, and Pulse Volume Recording in Healthy Young Adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the characteristics of ankle-brachial index (ABI), toe-brachial index (TBI), and pulse volume recording (PVR) of the ankle with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in healthy young adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed ABI, TBI, baPWV, and PVR in the ankle of healthy adults aged 20 to 25 years (median, 20 years) using an automatic oscillometric device between 2002 and 2013. The ABI, baPWV, and PVR in 1282 legs of 641 subjects (301 men and 340 women) and the TBI in 474 toes of 237 subjects (117 men and 120 women) were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The measured values showed no bilateral differences. ABI and baPWV were higher in men than in women, but TBI was similar in both sexes. ABI <1.0 was observed in 18.1% of the legs in men and in 25.6% in women. TBI <0.7 was observed in 16.2% of the toes in men and 19.1% in women. For ankle PVR, the % mean arterial pressure was higher in women than in men. The upstroke time was <180 ms in most subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For young people, ABI <1.0 or TBI <0.7 may not always indicate vascular abnormalities. When evaluating circulatory indexes, age and sex should be considered.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yunoki
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Atushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tabuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Kawasaki Hospital, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.affiliation: First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohri
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanemoto
keywords: ABI; PVR; TBI; baPWV; healthy young adults