title: Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Patients With a History of Kawasaki Disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute pediatric vasculitis with coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) as its main complication. Concerns have been raised regarding the possibility of a predisposition of KD to premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk later in life. Our aim was to assess carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), as a surrogate marker of CVD risk, in patients with a history of KD compared with unaffected controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  B-mode ultrasound cIMT measurements were performed in 168 patients with a history of KD, and 82 controls; 7 patients were excluded because of incomplete cIMT assessments. Mean cIMT (±SD) was increased in patients with KD compared with controls (0.378±0.030 mm vs. 0.360±0.027 mm, respectively; P adjusted <0.0001). If the cIMTs of CAA-negative patients and controls were plotted against age, increased cIMT was only apparent at young age. In patients with CAA, increased cIMT was observed over the entire age range.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings show that arterial wall thickening is more apparent in patients with a history of KD as compared with controls. In CAA-negative patients, cIMT is indistinguishable from controls at older age, whereas an increased cIMT is observed at any age in patients with CAA, suggesting a more general and severe effect of KD on the arterial wall.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center.
authors.forename: Sanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dietz
authors.forename: Carline E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Tacke
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gort
authors.forename: Irene M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Kuipers
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wiegman
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Hutten
authors.forename: Taco W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kuijpers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D002648:Child; D003323:Coronary Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009080:Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012307:Risk Factors