title: Cancer therapy related complications in the liver, pancreas, and biliary system: an imaging perspective.
abstract: Awareness of cancer therapy-induced toxicities is important for all clinicians treating patients with cancer. Cancer therapy has evolved to include classic cytotoxic agents in addition to newer options such as targeted agents and catheter-directed chemoembolisation. Several adverse affects can result from the wide array of treatments including effects on the liver, pancreas, and biliary system that can be visualised on imaging. These complications include sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, fatty liver, pseudocirrhosis, acute hepatitis, pancreatitis, pancreatic atrophy, cholecystitis, biliary sclerosis, and biliary stasis. Many of these toxicities are manageable and reversible with supportive therapies and/or cessation of cancer therapy. The objective of this review is to discuss the imaging findings associated with cancer therapy-induced toxicity of the liver, biliary system, and pancreas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • Cancer therapy can have adverse effects on the hepatobiliary system and pancreas. • Cancer therapy-induced toxicities can be visualised on imaging. • Knowledge of imaging changes associated with cancer therapy complications can improve treatment.
authors.affiliation: Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 W Olney Road, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA. ngod@evms.edu.
authors.forename: Danny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ngo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Orange, CA, 92868, USA.
authors.forename: Jemianne Bautista
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Orange, CA, 92868, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Orange, CA, 92868, USA.
authors.forename: Anjalie T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Gulati
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Orange, CA, 92868, USA.
authors.forename: Chandana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lall
keywords: Biliary toxicity; Cancer therapy; Drug-associated adverse effects; Hepatic toxicity; Pancreatic toxicity