title: Choroidal thickness in diabetic retinopathy in relation to long-term systemic treatments for diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure central choroidal thickness (CCT) in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and analyze the correlation with clinical backgrounds regarding medications for diabetes mellitus (DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively identified 86 patients with DR (172 eyes) and 43 healthy subjects (57 eyes) who underwent spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Among the 86 patients with DM who had received no intraocular treatments, 61 were diabetic patients who had continuously received systemic treatments for DM (under treatment group). Twenty-five were patients who had discontinued the treatments or had not received any treatment for DM until this study started (no treatment group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of CCT acquired by 2 masked raters showed a significant correlation coefficient (r = 0.98), indicating high reproducibility in this study. No correlation of CCT was noted between normal (272 ± 71 µm) and DM eyes (264 ± 77 µm), the presence of diabetic macular edema, or CCT and the severity of DR in the patients examined. Interestingly, there was a significant decrease in CCT (175 ± 42 µm) in eyes with mild/moderate nonproliferative DR (NPDR) in the no treatment group (p&lt;0.05), whereas CCT was prominently thicker in eyes with severe NPDR (354 ± 76 µm) and proliferative DR (286 ± 74 µm) than in eyes without DR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that CCT was significantly decreased in the presence of mild/moderate NPDR in the no treatment group, suggesting that a continuously high blood sugar state caused by insufficient treatments for DM may facilitate vascular damage in the choroid in the early stage of DR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo - Japan.|Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo - Japan.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kase
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo - Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo - Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yokoi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo - Japan.
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kotani
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo - Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katsuta
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo - Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo - Japan.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kase
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002829:Choroid / Q000473:pathology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human