title: Compositional Analysis of Commercial Oligomeric Organophosphorus Flame Retardants Used as Alternatives for PBDEs: Concentrations and Potential Environmental Emissions of Oligomers and Impurities.
abstract: Four commercial oligomeric organophosphorus flame retardants (o-PFRs) were characterized using a refractive index detector and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI)-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS) compatible with gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Commercial o-PFRs consisted of approximately 90% or more oligomers and several impurities. Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), tris(dimethylphenyl) phosphate (TDMPP), tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), and some new impurities were identified as byproducts of some manufacturing process of commercial o-PFRs for the first time. The concentrations of TPHP, TDMPP, and TCIPP were more than 1 weight %, whereas those of new impurities might be approximately 1 weight % by comparison among their abundances acquired through GPC-APPI-QTOF-MS analysis. Based on their vapor pressure and water solubility estimations, the potential environmental emissions of low molecular weight impurities were expected to be higher than those of oligomers. The presence and environmental emissions of low molecular weight impurities might be regarded as risk factors along with commercial o-PFRs.
authors.affiliation: Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) , 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan.|Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8563, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsukami
authors.affiliation: Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) , 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Go
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) , 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan.|Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8563, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takigami
mesh_terms: D002850:Chromatography, Gel / Q000379:methods; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000032:analysis; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005411:Flame Retardants; D010755:Organophosphates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; C072782:tri-(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate; C005445:triphenyl phosphate