title: Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from parenchyma and vascular bundle of oil palm trunk (Elaeis guineensis).
abstract: In this study cellulose nanocrystals were isolated through acid hydrolysis process from parenchyma and vascular bundle of oil palm trunk (Elaeis guineensis). The morphological properties of obtained cellulose nanocrystals were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The microscopy images showed smoother and cleaner surface of parenchyma cellulose nanocrystals when compared to vascular bundle cellulose nanocrystals. The TEM image shows a higher length and diameter for parenchyma cellulose nanocrystals compared to vascular bundle cellulose nanocrystals. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed changes in functional groups after acid hydrolysis due to removal of lignin, hemicelluloses and other impurities in both type of cellulose nanocrystals. Crystallinity index of cellulose nanocrystals was observed higher for vascular bundle as compared to parenchyma. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed to study the thermal stability of cellulose nanocrystals and it was observed higher for parenchyma cellulose nanocrystals compared to vascular bundle.
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioresource, Paper and Coatings Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Junidah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lamaming
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioresource, Paper and Coatings Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia. Electronic address: hrokiah@usm.my.
authors.forename: Rokiah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hashim
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioresource, Paper and Coatings Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Cheu Peng
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Leh
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioresource, Paper and Coatings Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Othman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sulaiman
authors.affiliation: Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioresource, Paper and Coatings Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nasir
mesh_terms: D028023:Arecaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D053758:Nanoparticles
chemical_list: D002482:Cellulose
keywords: Cellulose nanocrystals; Crystallinity; Morphological; Parenchyma; Thermal stability; Vascular bundle