title: Cytotoxicity and physicochemical characterization of iron-manganese-doped sulfated zirconia nanoparticles.
abstract: Iron-manganese-doped sulfated zirconia nanoparticles with both Lewis and Brønsted acidic sites were prepared by a hydrothermal impregnation method followed by calcination at 650°C for 5 hours, and their cytotoxicity properties against cancer cell lines were determined. The characterization was carried out using X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brauner-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurements, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, zeta size potential, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The cytotoxicity of iron-manganese-doped sulfated zirconia nanoparticles was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays against three human cancer cell lines (breast cancer MDA-MB231 cells, colon carcinoma HT29 cells, and hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells) and two normal human cell lines (normal hepatocyte Chang cells and normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells [HUVECs]). The results suggest for the first time that iron-manganese-doped sulfated zirconia nanoparticles are cytotoxic to MDA-MB231 and HepG2 cancer cells but have less toxicity to HT29 and normal cells at concentrations from 7.8 μg/mL to 500 μg/mL. The morphology of the treated cells was also studied, and the results supported those from the cytotoxicity study in that the nanoparticle-treated HepG2 and MDA-MB231 cells had more dramatic changes in cell morphology than the HT29 cells. In this manner, this study provides the first evidence that iron-manganese-doped sulfated zirconia nanoparticles should be further studied for a wide range of cancer applications without detrimental effects on healthy cell functions.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioscience, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Mohamed Qasim
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Al-Fahdawi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioscience, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar ; Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rasedee
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioscience, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Mothanna Sadiq
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Al-Qubaisi
authors.affiliation: Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar ; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Fatah H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Alhassan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioscience, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Rozita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosli
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioscience, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar ; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Mohamed Ezzat
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: El Zowalaty
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Seïf-Eddine
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Naadja
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA ; Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.affiliation: Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar ; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Yun Hin
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Taufiq-Yap
mesh_terms: D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D008345:Manganese / Q000737:chemistry*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D015040:Zirconium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D013431:Sulfates; D008345:Manganese; D015040:Zirconium; D007501:Iron; C028541:zirconium oxide
keywords: HT29 cells; Lewis and Brønsted acidic sites; anticancer applications; nanopartices; transition metal oxide