title: Cutaneous biocompatible rutin-loaded gelatin-based nanoparticles increase the SPF of the association of UVA and UVB filters.
abstract: The encapsulation of natural ingredients, such as rutin, can offer improvements in sun protection effectiveness. This strategy can provide enhanced flavonoid content and produces an improved bioactive compound with new physical and functional characteristics. As an alternative to common synthetic-based sunscreens, rutin-entrapped gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) were designed and associated with ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA (EHDP), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) and methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDBM) in sunscreen formulations. The purpose of this study was to develop rutin-loaded gelatin nanoparticles and characterize their physicochemical, thermal, functional and safety properties. Rutin-loaded gelatin nanoparticles increased antioxidant activity by 74% relative to free-rutin (FR) solution. Also, this new ingredient upgraded the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) by 48%, indicating its potential as a raw material for bioactive sunscreens. The safety profile indicated that GNPs and glutaraldehyde (GTA) decreased HaCaT cell viability in a concentration/time-dependent manner. However, both blank nanoparticles (B-NC) and rutin-loaded nanoparticles (R-NC) had good performance on skin compatibility tests. These results functionally characterized rutin-loaded nanoparticles as a safe SPF enhancer in sunscreens, especially in association with UV filters.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cosmetology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: milaareias@usp.br.
authors.forename: Camila Areias de
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cosmetology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela D'Almeida
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Peres
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cosmetology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Graziola
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cosmetology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nádia Araci Bou
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Chacra
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cosmetology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriel Lima Barros de
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.affiliation: CBIOS, Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana Catarina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Flórido
authors.affiliation: CBIOS, Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.affiliation: CBIOS, Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Catarina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rosado
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cosmetology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Valéria Robles
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Velasco
authors.affiliation: CBIOS, Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Luís Monteiro
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: CBIOS, Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana Sofia
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cosmetology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: André Rolim
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Baby
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000473:Alkanes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D047188:Chalcones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004355:Drug Stability; D005260:Female; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry; D005976:Glutaral / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D010328:Patch Tests; D011427:Propiophenones; D012431:Rutin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D062366:para-Aminobenzoates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000473:Alkanes; D047188:Chalcones; D002934:Cinnamates; D011427:Propiophenones; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; C516303:ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate; D062366:para-Aminobenzoates; D012431:Rutin; D005780:Gelatin; C049935:avobenzone; D005976:Glutaral
keywords: Gelatin; Nanoparticle; Rutin; Sunscreen