title: An improved design of spiral tube assembly for separation of proteins by high-speed counter-current chromatography.
abstract: A new spiral tube assembly was designed to improve the column capacity and partition efficiency for protein separation. This spiral tube assembly has greater column capacity than the original tubing because of an increase in radial grooves from 4 to 12 to accommodate more spiral layers and 12 narrow spots instead of 4 in each circular loop to interrupt the laminar flow that causes sample band broadening. Standard PTFE tubing (1.6mm ID) and the modified flat-twisted tubing were used as the separation column. The performances of both assemblies were compared for separating three stable test proteins including cytochrome c, myoglobin, and lysozyme using a two phase aqueous-aqueous solvent system composed of polyethylene glycol 1000 (12.5% w/w) and dibasic potassium phosphate (12.5% w/w). All samples were run at 1, 2, 3, and 5mL/min at both 800rpm and 1000rpm. The separation of these three protein samples produced high stationary phase retentions at 1, 2, and 3mL/min, yet separated efficiently at 5mL/min in 40min. After comparing the separation efficiency in terms of the peak resolutions, theoretical plate numbers, and separation times, it was determined that the flat-twisted tubing was more effective in separating these protein samples. In order to validate the efficacy of this novel assembly, a mixture of five protein samples (cytochrome c, myoglobin, ovalbumin, lysozyme, and hemoglobin) were separated, under the optimal conditions established with these three protein samples, at 1mL/min with a revolution speed of 1000rpm. There were high stationary phase retentions of around 60%, with effective separations, demonstrating the efficiency of the flat-twisted spiral tube assembly. The separation time of 6h was a limitation but can potentially be shortened by improving the strength of the column that will permit an increase in revolution speed and flow rate. This novel spiral separation column will allow rapid and efficient separation of mixtures with high yield of the constituent components.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioseparation Technology, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Rm 8N230, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Hawken School, 12465 County Line Road, P.O. Box 8002, Gates Mills, OH 44040, USA.
authors.forename: Dhweeja
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dasarathy
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioseparation Technology, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Rm 8N230, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Electronic address: itoy2@mail.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D003377:Countercurrent Distribution / Q000379:methods; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000032:analysis; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D009113:Muramidase / Q000032:analysis; D009211:Myoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000032:analysis; D010710:Phosphates; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D009211:Myoglobin; D010710:Phosphates; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D011506:Proteins; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D010047:Ovalbumin; D045304:Cytochromes c; C013216:potassium phosphate; D009113:Muramidase
keywords: Flat-twisted tubing; High-speed countercurrent chromatography; Polymer phase system; Protein separation; Spiral tube assembly