title: Pulsed 980 nm short wavelength infrared neural stimulation in cochlea and laser parameter effects on auditory response characteristics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Auditory neural stimulation with pulsed infrared radiation has been proposed as an alternative method to activate the auditory nerves in vivo. Infrared wavelengths from 1800-2150 nm with high water absorption were mainly selected in previous studies. However, few researchers have used the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) for auditory nerve stimulation and limited pulse parameters variability has been investigated so far.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this paper, we pioneered to use the 980 nm SWIR laser with adjustable pulse parameter as a stimulus to act on the deafened guinea pigs' cochlea in vivo. Pulsed laser light was guided through the cochlear round window to irradiate the spiral ganglion cells via a 105 μm optical fiber, and then the laser pulse parameters variability and its influence to auditory response characteristics were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that the optically evoked auditory brainstem response (OABR) had a similar waveform to the acoustically induced ABR with click sound stimulus. And the evoked OABR amplitude had a positive correlation, while the OABR latency period showed a negative correlation, with the laser pulse energy increase. However, when holding the laser peak power constant, the pulse width variability ranged from 100 to 800 μs showed little influence on the evoked OABR amplitude and its latency period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that 980 nm SWIR laser is an effective stimulus for auditory neurons activation in vivo. The evoked OABR amplitude and latency are highly affected by the laser pulse energy, while not sensitive to the pulse width variability in 100-800 μs range.
authors.affiliation: School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, Shandong, China. 373759703@qq.com.
authors.forename: Jingxuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, Shandong, China. 1049532284@qq.com.
authors.forename: Jianren
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, Shandong, China. 972410123@qq.com.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Shandong Artificial Auditory Engineering Centre, 250022, Jinan, Shandong, China. sdphxl@126.com.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Shandong Artificial Auditory Engineering Centre, 250022, Jinan, Shandong, China. lixiaofei0404@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Xiaofei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, Shandong, China. sdutld@yeah.net.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D003051:Cochlea / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D003056:Cochlear Nerve / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D003638:Deafness / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007259:Infrared Rays; D007834:Lasers; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology; D055100:Optical Fibers