title: Psychosocial adjustment to ALS: a longitudinal study.
abstract: For the current study the Lazarian stress-coping theory and the appendant model of psychosocial adjustment to chronic illness and disabilities (Pakenham, 1999) has shaped the foundation for identifying determinants of adjustment to ALS. We aimed to investigate the evolution of psychosocial adjustment to ALS and to determine its long-term predictors. A longitudinal study design with four measurement time points was therefore, used to assess patients' quality of life, depression, and stress-coping model related aspects, such as illness characteristics, social support, cognitive appraisals, and coping strategies during a period of 2 years. Regression analyses revealed that 55% of the variance of severity of depressive symptoms and 47% of the variance in quality of life at T2 was accounted for by all the T1 predictor variables taken together. On the level of individual contributions, protective buffering, and appraisal of own coping potential accounted for a significant percentage in the variance in severity of depressive symptoms, whereas problem management coping strategies explained variance in quality of life scores. Illness characteristics at T2 did not explain any variance of both adjustment outcomes. Overall, the pattern of the longitudinal results indicated stable depressive symptoms and quality of life indices reflecting a successful adjustment to the disease across four measurement time points during a period of about two years. Empirical evidence is provided for the predictive value of social support, cognitive appraisals, and coping strategies, but not illness parameters such as severity and duration for adaptation to ALS. The current study contributes to a better conceptualization of adjustment, allowing us to provide evidence-based support beyond medical and physical intervention for people with ALS.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matuz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen Tübingen, Germany ; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Ospedale San Camillo Venezia, Italy.
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Birbaumer
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hautzinger
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen Tübingen, Germany ; Institute of Psychology, University of Würzburg Germany.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kübler
keywords: ALS; coping; depression; longitudinal assessment; quality of life