title: Three Phoma spp. synthesised novel silver nanoparticles that possess excellent antimicrobial efficacy.
abstract: The authors report extracellular mycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by Phoma capsulatum, Phoma putaminum and Phoma citri. The AgNPs thus synthesised were characterised by UV-visible spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Nanosight LM20 and transmission electron microscopy, which confirmed the synthesis of mostly spherical and polydisperse nanoparticles capped with proteins. The size of AgNPs was found in the range of 10-80 , 5-80 and 5-90 nm with an average size of 31.85, 25.43 and 23.29 nm by P. capsulatum, P. putaminum and P. citri, respectively. Further, potential antimicrobial activity was reported against Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Salmonella choleraesuis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The lowest minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) (0.85 µg/ml) was reported for AgNPs synthesised from P. citri against S. choleraesuis. However, AgNPs synthesised from P. capsulatum showed the highest MIC (10.62 µg/ml) against S. choleraesuis, P. aeruginosa and E. coli (clinical isolate). The same MIC values (10.62 µg/ml) were also reported against P. aeruginosa and both clinical and standard isolates of E. coli for AgNPs synthesised from P. citri. It was also observed that all the silver nanoparticles showed remarkable antifungal and antibacterial activity against these tested pathogens as compared with the commercially available antifungal and antibacterial agents.
authors.affiliation: Biological Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil. mahendrarai@sgbau.ac.in.
authors.forename: Mahendra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, SGB Amravati University, Amravati 444602, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Avinash P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ingle
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
authors.forename: Aniket K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gade
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture, State University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6171, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marta Cristina Teixeira
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Laboratory on Nanostructures Synthesis and Biological Interactions (NanoBioss) (UNICAMP/SP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Duran
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000378:metabolism*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D001709:Biotechnology; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010316:Particle Size; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D012834:Silver