title: Essential oil of Zygophyllum album inhibits key-digestive enzymes related to diabetes and hypertension and attenuates symptoms of diarrhea in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Zygophyllum album L. (Zygophyllaceae), commonly known as Bougriba, is widely used to treat diabetes, digestive tract spasm, and hypertension in folk medicine, in Tunisia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates the antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, and antihypertensive activities of the leaves of the essential oil from Zygophyllum album (OZA) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. Males rats were divided into four groups: control, diabetic-untreated group, diabetic-treated group with acarbose (10 mg/kg), and diabetic-treated rats with OZA (200 mg/kg) for 30 d.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of the experimental period, the OZA significantly decreased the activity of α-amylase in pancreas and serum of the diabetic rats by 43% and 38%, respectively, which led to reduce the serum glucose level by 60% and lower of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) rate by 17% as compared with untreated diabetic animals. Moreover, the OZA treatment attenuated symptoms of diarrhea, improved lipid disorders, and hypertension through inhibiting the pancreatic lipase and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activities by 47% and 25%, respectively, in serum of diabetic rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OZA showed a good effect in the management of diabetes mellitus and exerted preventive action from related hypertension.
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology , Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia .|b Department of Internal Medicine , Hospital of Sidi Bouzid , Tunisia .
authors.forename: Kais
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mnafgui
authors.affiliation: c Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Substances , Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia .
authors.forename: Mouna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kchaou
authors.affiliation: c Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Substances , Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia .
authors.forename: Hichem
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ben Salah
authors.affiliation: b Department of Internal Medicine , Hospital of Sidi Bouzid , Tunisia .
authors.forename: Raouf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hajji
authors.affiliation: d Department of Nephrology , Hospital of Sidi Bouzid , Tunisia , and.
authors.forename: Gaddour
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Khabbabi
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology , Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia .
authors.forename: Abdelfattah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elfeki
authors.affiliation: c Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Substances , Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia .
authors.forename: Noureddine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Allouche
authors.affiliation: e Plant Biotechnology Laboratory , Faculty of Sciences of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia.
authors.forename: Neji
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gharsallah
mesh_terms: D000496:Alloxan; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000930:Antidiarrheals / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D004063:Digestion / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008517:Phytotherapy; D018515:Plant Leaves; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors; D032445:Zygophyllum / Q000737:chemistry; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000496:Alloxan; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000930:Antidiarrheals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; D000516:alpha-Amylases
keywords: ACE; amylase; lipase