title: The role of putrescine in the regulation of proteins and fatty acids of thylakoid membranes under salt stress.
abstract: Polyamines can alleviate the inhibitory effects of salinity on plant growth by regulating photosynthetic efficiency. However, little information is available to explain the specific mechanisms underlying the contribution of polyamines to salt tolerance of the photosynthetic apparatus. Here, we investigated the role of putrescine (Put) on the photosynthetic apparatus of cucumber seedlings under salt stress. We found that NaCl stress resulted in severe ion toxicity and oxidative stress in cucumber chloroplasts. In addition, salinity caused a significant increase in the saturated fatty acid contents of thylakoid membranes. Put altered unsaturated fatty acid content, thereby alleviating the disintegration of thylakoid grana lamellae and reducing the number of plastoglobuli in thylakoid membranes. BN-PAGE revealed Put up-regulated the expression of ATP synthase, CP47, D1, Qb, and psbA proteins and down-regulated CP24, D2, and LHCII type III in NaCl-stressed thylakoid membranes. qRT-PCR analysis of gene expression was used to compare transcript and protein accumulation among 10 candidate proteins. For five of these proteins, induced transcript accumulation was consistent with the pattern of induced protein accumulation. Our results suggest that Put regulates protein expression at transcriptional and translational levels by increasing endogenous polyamines levels in thylakoid membranes, which may stabilise photosynthetic apparatus under salt stress.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yinghui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wenhua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shirong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D018553:Cucumis sativus / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020543:Proteome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011700:Putrescine / Q000502:physiology*; D055049:Salt Tolerance; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D020524:Thylakoids / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D011700:Putrescine