title: Asymptomatic and Submicroscopic Carriage of Plasmodium knowlesi Malaria in Household and Community Members of Clinical Cases in Sabah, Malaysia.
abstract: Although asymptomatic carriage of human malaria species has been widely reported, the extent of asymptomatic, submicroscopic Plasmodium knowlesi parasitemia is unknown. In this study, samples were obtained from individuals residing in households or villages of symptomatic malaria cases with the aim of detecting submicroscopic P. knowlesi in this population. Four published molecular assays were used to confirm the presence of P. knowlesi. Latent class analysis revealed that the estimated proportion of asymptomatic individuals was 6.9% (95% confidence interval, 5.6%-8.4%). This study confirms the presence of a substantial number of asymptomatic monoinfections across all age groups; further work is needed to estimate prevalence in the wider community.
authors.affiliation: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
authors.forename: Kimberly M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Fornace
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Sabah Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nor Afizah
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Nuin
authors.affiliation: Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Betson
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Grigg
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit Sabah Department of Health, Clinical Research Centre Jesselton Medical Centre, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: William
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia.
authors.forename: Nicholas M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Anstey
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia.
authors.forename: Tsin W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.affiliation: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Sabah Malaysia.
authors.forename: Lau Tiek
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.affiliation: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
authors.forename: Chris J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Drakeley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002353:Carrier State; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology*; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016790:Plasmodium knowlesi; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Plasmodium knowlesi; asymptomatic parasitemia; malaria; submicroscopic infection