title: Chronic aerobic swimming exercise promotes functional and morphological changes in rat ileum.
abstract: Several studies have reported the gastrointestinal (GI) effects promoted by the physical exercise. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the influence of swimming exercise on the contractile reactivity, lipid peroxidation and morphology of rat ileum. Wistar rats were divided into sedentary (SED) and groups exercised for two (EX2), four (EX4), six (EX6) or eight (EX8) weeks, 5 days/week. Animals were killed; the ileum was removed and suspended in organ baths where the isotonic contractions were recorded. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated by MDA (malondialdehyde) measurement with TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) assay and morphology by histological staining. Cumulative concentration-response curves to KCl were attenuated, as the Emax values were changed from 100% (SED) to 63.1±3.9 (EX2), 48.8±3.8 (EX4), 19.4±1.8 (EX6) and 59.4±2.8% (EX8). Similarly, cumulative concentration-response curves to carbamylcholine hydrochloride (CCh) were attenuated, as the Emax values were changed from 100% (SED) to 74.1±5.4 (EX2), 75.9±5.2 (EX4) and 62.9±4.6 (EX6), but not in the EX8 (89.7±3.4%). However, CCh potency was increased in this latter, as the EC50 was altered from 1.0±0.1×10(-6) (SED) to 2.1±0.4×10(-7) (EX8). MDA concentration was altered only in EX4 (44.3±4.4) compared with SED (20.6±3.6 μmol/l). Circular layer was reduced in SED when compared with the exercised groups. Conversely, longitudinal layer was increased. In conclusion, chronic swimming exercise reduces the ileum contraction, equilibrates the oxidative damage and promotes changes in tissue size to establish an adaptation to the exercise.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular/Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza/Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brazil, 58051-090.
authors.forename: Layanne Cabral da Cunha
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos/Centro de Ciências da Saúde/Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brazil, 58051-970.
authors.forename: Iara Leão Luna
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos/Centro de Ciências da Saúde/Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brazil, 58051-970.
authors.forename: Luiz Henrique César
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos/Centro de Ciências da Saúde/Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brazil, 58051-970.
authors.forename: Aline de Freitas
authors.initials: Ade F
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos/Centro de Ciências da Saúde/Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brazil, 58051-970.
authors.forename: Fernando Ramos
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Queiroga
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Educação Física/Centro de Ciências da Saúde/Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brazil, 58051-900.
authors.forename: Alexandre Sérgio
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Molecular/Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza/Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brazil, 58051-090.
authors.forename: Patrícia Mirella
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia/Centro de Ciências da Saúde/Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brazil, 58051-900.
authors.forename: Fabiana de Andrade
authors.initials: Fde A
authors.lastname: Cavalcante
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular/Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza/Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brazil, 58051-090 Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos/Centro de Ciências da Saúde/Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brazil, 58051-970 Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas/Centro de Ciências da Saúde/Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brazil, 58051-900 bagnolia@ltf.ufpb.br.
authors.forename: Bagnólia Araújo
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: da Silva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007082:Ileum / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013550:Swimming; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D008315:Malondialdehyde
keywords: aerobic exercise; contractile reactivity; gastrointestinal tract; oxidative stress; rat ileum; swimming