title: Intestinal microbes influence the survival, reproduction and protein profile of Trichinella spiralis in vitro.
abstract: The interactions between intestinal microbes and parasitic worms play an essential role in the development of the host immune system. However, the effects of gut microbes on Trichinella spiralis are unknown. The aim of this work was to explore microbe-induced alterations in the survival and reproduction of T. spiralis in vitro. To further identify the proteins and genes involved in the response of nematodes to microbes, quantitative proteomic analysis of T. spiralis was conducted by iTRAQ-coupled LCMS/MS technology and quantitative real-time-PCR was used to measure changes in mRNA expression. The results showed Lactobacillus acidophilus, and especially Lactobacillus bulgaricus, significantly enhanced the survival and reproductive rates of nematodes. Salmonella enterica, and especially Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC), had opposite effects. Genetic responses were activated mainly by EHEC. A total of 514 proteins were identified and quantified, and carbohydrate metabolism-related proteins existed in a higher proportion. These findings indicated that some gut bacteria are friendly or harmful to humans and in addition they may have similar beneficial or detrimental effects on parasites. This may be due to the regulation of expression of specific genes and proteins. Our studies provide a basis for developing therapies against parasitic infections from knowledge generated by studying the gut microbes of mammals.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Hai-yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Qiao-ling
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Jiang-ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Li-li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Teng-Fei
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Qing-hua
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Peng-tao
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Jian-hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Ying-jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China. Electronic address: liuboy@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China. Electronic address: xczhang@jlu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xi-chen
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D059467:Transcriptome; D017160:Trichinella spiralis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology*; D014235:Trichinellosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D007328:Insulin; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: Genetic response; Intestinal microbes; Proteomic analysis; Reproduction; Survival; Trichinella spiralis