title: Full-length nucleotide sequences of 30 common SLC44A2 alleles encoding human neutrophil antigen-3.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human neutrophil antigen-3a (HNA-3a) alloantibodies can cause severe transfusion-related acute lung injury. The frequencies of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) indicative of the two clinically relevant HNA-3a/b antigens are known in many populations. In this study, we determined the full-length nucleotide sequence of common SLC44A2 alleles encoding the choline transporter-like protein-2 that harbors HNA-3a/b antigens.
  
  
  METHODS
  A method was devised to determine the full-length coding sequence (CDS) and adjacent intron sequences from genomic DNA by eight polymerase chain reaction amplifications covering all 22 SLC44A2 exons. Samples from 200 African American, 96 Caucasian, two Hispanic, and four Asian blood donors were analyzed. We developed a decision tree to determine alleles (confirmed haplotypes) from the genotype data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 10 SNPs were detected in the SLC44A2 CDS. The noncoding sequences harbored an additional 28 SNPs (one in the 5'-untranslated region [UTR]; 23 in the introns; and four in the 3'-UTR). No SNP indicative of a nonfunctional allele was detected. The nucleotide sequences for 30 SLC44A2 alleles (haplotypes) were confirmed. There may be 66 haplotypes among the 604 chromosomes screened.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found 38 SNPs, including one novel SNP, in 8192 nucleotides covering the CDS of the SLC44A2 gene among 302 blood donors. Population frequencies of these SNPs were established for African Americans and Caucasians. Because alleles encoding HNA-3b are more common than non-functional SLC44A2 alleles, we confirmed our previous postulate that African American donors are less likely to form HNA-3a antibodies compared to Caucasians.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Kshitij
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Stefanie C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Ardinski
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Huvard
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Pirmin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Willy A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Flegel
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000483:Alleles; D044466:Asian People; D001483:Base Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007519:Isoantigens / Q000235:genetics*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D044465:White People
chemical_list: C518134:HNA-3a antigen, human; D007519:Isoantigens; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; C484524:SLC44A2 protein, human