title: Profiling RNA editing in human tissues: towards the inosinome Atlas.
abstract: Adenine to Inosine RNA editing is a widespread co- and post-transcriptional mechanism mediated by ADAR enzymes acting on double stranded RNA. It has a plethora of biological effects, appears to be particularly pervasive in humans with respect to other mammals, and is implicated in a number of diverse human pathologies. Here we present the first human inosinome atlas comprising 3,041,422 A-to-I events identified in six tissues from three healthy individuals. Matched directional total-RNA-Seq and whole genome sequence datasets were generated and analysed within a dedicated computational framework, also capable of detecting hyper-edited reads. Inosinome profiles are tissue specific and edited gene sets consistently show enrichment of genes involved in neurological disorders and cancer. Overall frequency of editing also varies, but is strongly correlated with ADAR expression levels. The inosinome database is available at: http://srv00.ibbe.cnr.it/editing/.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.|Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, National Research Council, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.|National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Viale Medaglie D'Oro 305, 00136 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Picardi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, National Research Council, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manzari
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mastropasqua
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Italia
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aiello
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.|Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, National Research Council, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: D'Erchia
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.|Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, National Research Council, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.|National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Viale Medaglie D'Oro 305, 00136 Rome, Italy.|Center of Excellence in Comparative Genomics, University of Bari, Piazza Umberto I, 70121 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Graziano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pesole
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D015894:Genome, Human / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007288:Inosine / Q000378:metabolism*; D020407:Internet; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000235:genetics*; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017393:RNA Editing; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D007288:Inosine; D012313:RNA; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase; D000225:Adenine