title: An Intraoperative Site-specific Bone Density Device: A Pilot Test Case.
abstract: This paper reports a case of all-on-four rehabilitation where bone density at implant sites was assessed both through preoperative computed tomographic (CT) scans and using a micromotor working as an intraoperative bone density measurement device.
  
  
  
  Implant-supported rehabilitation is a predictable treatment option for tooth replacement whose success depends on the clinician's experience, the implant characteristics and location and patient-related factors. Among the latter, bone density is a determinant for the achievement of primary implant stability and, eventually, for implant success. The ability to measure bone density at the placement site before implant insertion could be important in the clinical setting.
  
  
  
  A patient complaining of masticatory impairment was presented with a plan calling for extraction of all her compromised teeth, followed by implant rehabilitation. A week before surgery, she underwent CT examination, and the bone density on the CT scans was measured. When the implant osteotomies were created, the bone density was again measured with a micromotor endowed with an instantaneous torque-measuring system. The implant placement protocols were adapted for each implant, according to the intraoperative measurements, and the patient was rehabilitated following an all-on-four immediate loading protocol.
  
  
  
  The bone density device provided valuable information beyond that obtained from CT scans, allowing for site-specific, intraoperative assessment of bone density immediately before implant placement and an estimation of primary stability just after implant insertion.
  
  
  
  Measuring jaw-bone density could help clinicians to select implant-placement protocols and loading strategies based on site-specific bone features.
authors.affiliation: Private Practitioner, Department of Tecnologie Biomediche Applicate Alle Scienze Odontostomatologiche, Seconda Universita degli Studi di Napoli, Province: Monza e Brianza (MB), Via Don Lualdi 4c, 20871 Ruginello, Vimercate, MB, Italy, Phone: +39 039 6085229, e-mail: p.arosio@libero.it.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arosio
authors.affiliation: Department of Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universita degli Studi di Brescia, Province: Brescia (BS), Italy.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moschioni
authors.affiliation: Department of Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Province: Monza (MB), Italy.
authors.forename: Luca Maria
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Banfi
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Vita e Salute San Raffaele University Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Anilo Alessio
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Di Stefano
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015519:Bone Density; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: Bone density; CT; CBCT; Case report; Intraoperative bone density assessment