title: Computerised working-memory focused cognitive remediation therapy for psychosis--A preliminary study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cognitive deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders and are associated with decreased levels of functioning. Behavioural interventions have shown success in remediating these deficits; determining how best to maximise this benefit while minimising the cost is an important next step in optimising this intervention for clinical use.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of a novel working-memory focused cognitive remediation (CR) training on cognitive difficulties based on internet delivery of training and weekly telephone support.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants with a diagnosis of psychosis (n=56) underwent either 8 weeks of CR (approximately 20 h) or 8 weeks of treatment as usual (TAU). General cognitive ability, working memory and episodic memory were measured both pre and post intervention for all participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In addition to improvements on trained working memory tasks, CR training was associated with significant improvements in two tests of verbal episodic memory. No association between CR and changes in general cognitive ability was observed. Effect sizes for statistically significant changes in memory were comparable to those reported in the literature based primarily on 1:1 training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cognitive benefits observed in this non-randomised preliminary study indicate that internet-based working memory training can be an effective cognitive remediation therapy. The successes and challenges of an internet-based treatment are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hargreaves
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dillon
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Anderson-Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corvin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fitzmaurice
authors.affiliation: Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castorina
authors.affiliation: Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; CogGene group, School of Psychology & Center for Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Donohoe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003201:Computers; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D013689:Telephone; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents
keywords: Cognition; Cognitive remediation therapy; Memory; Psychosis; Schizophrenia