title: Additive effects of Artemisia capillaris extract and scopoletin on the relaxation of penile corpus cavernosum smooth muscle.
abstract: The objective was to investigate the cellular effect and action mechanism of Artemisia capillaris extract (ACE) and its component, scopoletin, on penile corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (PCCSM). In vitro study with PCCSM, the precontracted PCCSM with phenylephrine was treated with ACE or scopoletin. Cyclic nucleotides in the perfusate were measured by radioimmunoassay and expression of protein and mRNA of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the perfused PCCSM were measured by western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. The interaction of ACE or scopoletin with udenafil was also evaluated. ACE and scopoletin exerted a significant and concentration-dependent relaxation in PCCSM. The perfusion with ACE or scopoletin significantly increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and the perfusion with ACE or scopoletin increased the expression of eNOS mRNA and protein. Furthermore, ACE or scopoletin enhanced udenafil-inducing relaxation in PCCSM. ACE and scopoletin relaxed the PCCSM mainly by activating nitric oxide-cGMP system and cAMP pathway and they may be additive therapeutic candidates for ED patients who do not completely respond to udenafil.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chonbuk National University and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center of Medical Device of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chonbuk National University and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center of Medical Device of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chonbuk National University and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center of Medical Device of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Hangyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sungkyunkwan University Medical School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Seoul National University Medical School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: J-H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Soní
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Seoul National University Medical School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: So
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Diabetic Research Center, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chonbuk National University and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center of Medical Device of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chonbuk National University and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center of Medical Device of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019306:Artemisia / Q000737:chemistry*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000032:analysis; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000032:analysis; D004347:Drug Interactions; D008297:Male; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects*; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000235:genetics; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000032:analysis; D010413:Penis / Q000187:drug effects*; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011817:Rabbits; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012603:Scopoletin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides
chemical_list: D000242:Cyclic AMP; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011743:Pyrimidines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012603:Scopoletin; D013449:Sulfonamides; C419664:udenafil; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides