title: Geographical diffusion of prazosin across Veterans Health Administration: Examination of regional variation in daily dosing and quality indicators among veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.
abstract: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a high-priority treatment area for the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), and dissemination patterns of innovative, efficacious therapies can inform areas for potential improvement of diffusion efforts and quality prescribing. In this study, we replicated a prior examination of the period prevalence of prazosin use as a function of distance from Puget Sound, Washington, where prazosin was first tested as an effective treatment for PTSD and where prazosin use was previously shown to be much greater than in other parts of the United States. We tested the following three hypotheses related to prazosin geographic diffusion: (1) a positive geographical correlation exists between the distance from Puget Sound and the proportion of users treated according to a guideline recommended minimum therapeutic target dose (>/=6 mg/d), (2) an inverse geographic correlation exists between prazosin and benzodiazepine use, and (3) no geographical correlation exists between prazosin use and serotonin reuptake inhibitor/serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SSRI/SNRI) use. Among a national sample of veterans with PTSD, overall prazosin utilization increased from 5.5 to 14.8% from 2006 to 2012. During this time period, rates at the Puget Sound VHA location declined from 34.4 to 29.9%, whereas utilization rates at locations a minimum of 2,500 miles away increased from 3.0 to 12.8%. Rates of minimum target dosing fell from 42.6 to 34.6% at the Puget Sound location. In contrast, at distances of at least 2,500 miles from Puget Sound, minimum threshold dosing rates remained stable (range, 18.6 to 17.7%). No discernible association was demonstrated between SSRI/SNRI or benzodiazepine utilization and the geographic distance from Puget Sound. Minimal threshold dosing of prazosin correlated positively with increased diffusion of prazosin use, but there was still a distance diffusion gradient. Although prazosin adoption has improved, geographic differences persist in both prescribing rates and minimum target dosing. Importantly, these regional disparities appear to be limited to prazosin prescribing and are not meaningfully correlated with SSRI/SNRI and benzodiazepine use as indicators of PTSD prescribing quality.
authors.affiliation: Center for Comprehensive Access & Delivery Research and Evaluation, Iowa Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA;
authors.forename: Thad E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: Brian C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: Nancy C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Bernardy
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D004346:Drug Information Services; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011224:Prazosin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015995:Prevalence; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014493:United States Department of Veterans Affairs; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology*; D058014:Veterans Health
chemical_list: D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; D011224:Prazosin
keywords: PTSD; PTSD treatment; Veterans; benzodiazepines; dosage; prazosin; prevalence; quality; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; therapy dissemination