title: Botulinum toxin type A as an adjunct in postoperative pain management in dogs undergoing radical mastectomy.
abstract: The aim of this randomised placebo-controlled, observer-blinded study was to evaluate the analgesic effects of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) as an adjunct for postoperative pain control in dogs. Sixteen dogs undergoing bilateral radical mastectomy for treatment of mammary tumours were enrolled. Twenty-four hours before surgery, the subjects were distributed into two groups of eight dogs each: 7 iu/kg BoNT-A (BoNT-A) or saline (Control) was administered subcutaneously in each mammary gland. Following sedation with intramuscular 0.03 mg/kg acepromazine and 0.3 mg/kg morphine, anaesthesia was induced intravenously with 4 mg/kg propofol and maintained with isoflurane/O2. Postoperative analgesia was evaluated for 72 hours after extubation using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and modified Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (modified-GCMPS). Rescue analgesia was provided with intramuscular morphine (0.5 mg/kg). Data were analysed using analysis of variance, Tukey's test, Mann-Whitney U test and Friedman test (P<0.05). The pain scores were significantly lower in the BoNT-A than in the Control from 8 hours to 60 hours and from 12 hours to 60 hours after extubation, based on the VAS and modified-GCMPS, respectively. Rescue analgesia was required by significantly more dogs in the Control (7/8) compared with the BoNT-A (2/8) (P=0.022). Pre-emptive BoNT-A appears to be effective as an adjuvant for postoperative pain management in dogs undergoing bilateral radical mastectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Unoeste, 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vilhegas
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Unoeste, 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Cassu
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Unoeste, 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Barbero
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Unoeste, 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Crociolli
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Unoeste, 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: T L A
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Unoeste, 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gomes
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000601:surgery*; D015409:Mastectomy, Radical / Q000662:veterinary*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A
keywords: Analgesia; Dogs; Pain