title: Identification of a CD4 variant in Microminipigs not detectable with available anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies.
abstract: The Microminipig is an extra-small sized novel miniature pig developed in Japan. In the process of peripheral blood mononuclear cells analysis by flow cytometry, CD4+ cells could not be detected in some pigs with an anti-pig CD4 antibody (clone 74-12-4), or in some pigs with two other antibodies from different clones (MIL17 and PT90A). In a herd of 178 Microminipigs, 87 pigs (48.9%) were reactive with the anti-CD4 antibody (designated as CD4.A), and 91 pigs (51.1%) were non-reactive (designated as CD4.B). The CD4 types of piglets delivered from parents with CD4.A were CD4.A or CD4.B, and piglets delivered from parents with CD4.B were only CD4.B. This implies that the CD4.A pigs were homozygous for CD4.A or heterozygous for CD4.A and CD4.B, and the CD4.B pigs were homozygous for CD4.B. The CD4.B trait might be recessive. Significant differences could not be found in the percentage of CD3+ and CD8+ cells in whole lymphocytes between CD4.A and CD4.B animals. In the profile of CD4.B pigs, CD4+CD8+ T cells appeared to be detected in the CD4-CD8+ T cell region because the CD8 dull T cell population was observed. Thus, we considered that the CD4 molecules may be expressed on helper T cells, but the CD4 expressing cells could not be detected with the three anti-pig CD4 antibodies. Clinical abnormalities have not been observed in CD4.B pigs. Significant differences were not observed in immunoglobulin concentrations between CD4.A and CD4.B, though lower tendency was observed in plasma IgM concentrations from CD4.B pigs >36-months-old. These results imply that the CD4.B does not affect basic humoral immunity in vivo.
authors.affiliation: United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.affiliation: United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan. Electronic address: nishii@gifu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Naohito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishii
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takashima
authors.affiliation: United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takasu
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Imaeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Kayo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aiki-Oshimo
authors.affiliation: United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamazoe
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kametani
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Asako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.affiliation: United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M
keywords: CD4; Flow cytometry; Microminipig