title: Association between environmental particulate matter and arterial stiffness in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) has been shown to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease and the general population. Atmospheric particulate- matter (PM) concentrations and their effects on cardiovascular system by affecting arterial stiffness and central hemodynamic parameters had been noted. The purpose of this study was to access the correlation of air pollution variables and PWV in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study analyzed 127 HD patients treated at the outpatient HD center. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was measured by using a Vascular Profiler 1000 (VP-1000). Air pollution levels were recorded by a network of 27 monitoring stations near or in the patients' living areas throughout Taiwan. The 12-month average concentrations of PM with an aerodynamic diameter of <10 and <2.5 mm (PM10 and PM2.5, respectively), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide(CO), and ozone (O3) were included.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multivariate linear regression analyses indicated that systolic blood pressure (SBP) (β = 0.589, P < 0.025), age (β = 0.316, P < 0.001), serum aluminum level (Al) (β = 0.149, P = 0.020), and PM10 (β = 0.133, P = 0.036) were positively correlated with baPWV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This cross-sectional study shows that in HD patients, the environmental PM10 level is associated with the baPWV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, 5 Fu-Shin Street, Kwei-Shan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Hao
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.|College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Chih
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, 5 Fu-Shin Street, Kwei-Shan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tzung-Hai
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, 5 Fu-Shin Street, Kwei-Shan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan. williammedia@yahoo.com.tw.|College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. williammedia@yahoo.com.tw.
authors.forename: Wen-Hung
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D000535:Aluminum / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D000535:Aluminum