title: The Development of a Readiness Scale for Changing Farmers' Behaviors of Using Pesticides.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inappropriate pesticide-using behaviors impose significant negative impacts on health and environment. Developmentalprograms to change such behaviors offarmers should target those who are ready to change in order to achieve efficiency. The objective was to develop a readiness scale in changing behavior ofusing pesticides offarmers. The scale of this study is expected to be used in recruiting targetfarmers in developmental programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was divided into two phases. The first phase, qualitative method, performed on 17farmers participated to seek factors related to the farmers' safe use of pesticides. The second phase, quantitative method to develop the readiness scale, an exploratoryfactor analysis (EFA) was analyzed on 230farmers and was randomly selected to measure the scale's construct validity, internal consistency (reliability), one-dimensionality and the appropriate cut-off point, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Farmers' pesticide use, safety behaviors involved several factors, and are applied to create a set ofquestions on the readiness scale; there were 33 main items (with 40 sub-items), which could be grouped into 8 factors associated with farmers using pesticide safety, the scale, the best way to predict farmers who are ready to change. Finally, they were reduced to 23 main questions with 30 sub-questions in the scale.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The development of a readiness scale application of changing behaviors as a guide, to assess content validity using index of item-objective congruence measurement (IOC), the exploratory factor analysis was used to determine an item and to test reliability on the scale. The scale can be a useful tool for recruiting farmers into intervention program in changing pesticide use, safety behaviors.
authors.forename: Duangjai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wichai
authors.forename: Pattapong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kessomboon
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010575:Pesticides; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017751:Safety Management / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides