title: Causes of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Patients with Acute Stroke--A Polysomnographic Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sleep disorders are common in stroke patients. Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), which is present in up to 72% of stroke patients, is the most frequent cause of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in common population. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of EDS in stroke patients and to analyze the impact of SDB, stroke severity, and location of stroke on EDS in the acute phase of stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 102 patients with the clinical diagnosis of acute stroke. Baseline clinical characteristics were recorded on admission. An Epworth sleepiness scale score higher than 9 was considered as EDS. To detect SDB, we performed standard overnight polysomnography within 4 ± 2 days after the stroke onset.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EDS was present in 21 patients (20.6%). In a population with EDS, we found a significantly higher number of obstructive apneic pauses, central apneic pauses, as well as significantly higher values of respiratory disturbance index (RDI), RDI during nonrapid eye movement sleep, desaturation index, and significant decrease of REM sleep duration. RDI (odds ratio [OR], 1.031; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.007-1.056; P = .01) and duration of REM sleep (OR, .922; 95% CI, .853-.997; P = .042) were the only independent variables significantly associated with EDS in a binary multivariate regression model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SDB is a common, significant, and treatable cause of EDS in acute stroke patients. We suppose that examination in sleep laboratories is reasonable in all stroke patients with EDS, although the impact of SDB therapy on EDS and overall outcome in acute stroke remains unknown.
authors.affiliation: st Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Katarína
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klobučníková
authors.affiliation: st Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia. Electronic address: palo.siarnik@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Šiarnik
authors.affiliation: st Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Čarnická
authors.affiliation: st Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Branislav
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kollár
authors.affiliation: st Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Turčáni
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020182:Sleep Apnea, Central / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012895:Sleep, REM; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Excessive daytime sleepiness; REM sleep; acute stroke; polysomnography; sleep-disordered breathing