title: Effect of integrated approach of yoga therapy on autonomic functions in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Integrated approach of yoga therapy (IAYT) had shown beneficial effects in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Autonomic dysfunction is one of the major complications of type 2 DM. Research studies have demonstrated that yoga can modulate autonomic functions. Hence, the current study was designed to assess the effect of IAYT on autonomic functions in type 2 diabetics.
  
  
  METHODS
  15 patients of type 2 DM with ages ranging from 35 to 60 years were recruited for the study. They were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes from 1-year to 15 years. Assessments were made on day 1 (before yoga) and day 7 (after 1-week of yoga practice). Heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure (BP) response to the isometric handgrip and heart rate response to deep breathing were assessed before and after 1-week of IAYT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose from 154.67-130.27 mg/dL (Wilcoxon signed rank test, P = 0.029) following 1-week of IAYT. BP response to isometric hand grip improved significantly (Wilcoxon signed rank test, P = 0.01). There was no statistical significant change in HRV components and heart rate response to deep breathing test. However, there was a trend of increase in the low frequency power (41.07%), high frequency power (6.29%), total power (5.38%), and standard deviation of all NN intervals (SDNN) (6.29%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that, IAYT improved autonomic functions in type 2 diabetes patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychophysiology, Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (a Deemed University), Bengaluru, India.
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Vinutha
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychophysiology, Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (a Deemed University), Bengaluru, India.
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Raghavendra
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychophysiology, Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (a Deemed University), Bengaluru, India.
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Manjunath
keywords: Autonomic functions; heart rate variability; type 2 diabetes mellitus; yoga