title: Technical Note: Initial characterization of the new EBT-XD Gafchromic film.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the dosimetric accuracy and energy dependence of the new EBT-eXtended Dose (XD) Gafchromic film and to compare the lateral response artifact (LRA) between EBT-XD and EBT3 film.
  
  
  METHODS
  EBT3 and EBT-XD calibration curves were created by exposing films to known doses from 0 to 3000 cGy using a 6 MV beam. To assess the accuracy and dynamic range of EBT-XD, a 60° enhanced dynamic wedge (EDW) was used to deliver a dose range of approximately 200-2900 cGy. Comparison to treatment planning system (TPS) calculation was made using a gamma analysis with 2%/2 mm passing criteria. To assess and compare the LRA between EBT3 and EBT-XD, 21 × 21 cm(2) open fields delivered doses of 1000, 2000, and 3000 cGy to both types of film. Films were placed at the center of the scanner, and ratios of measured to TPS predicted doses were calculated at 50 and 80 mm lateral from the scanner center in order to quantitatively assess the LRA. To evaluate the energy dependence of EBT-XD film, seven known doses ranging from 400 to 3000 cGy were delivered using both 6 and 18 MV beams and the resulting optical densities (ODs) compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The gamma passing rate was 99.1% for the 6 MV EDW delivery. EBT-XD film exhibited minimal LRA (<1%) up to 3000 cGy. In contrast, EBT3 demonstrated an under-response of 11.3% and 22.7% at lateral positions of 50 and 80 mm, respectively, for the 3000 cGy exposure. Differences between ODs of the EBT-XD films exposed to known doses from 6 to 18 MV beams were <0.8% suggesting minimal energy dependence throughout this energy range.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The LRA of EBT-XD is greatly reduced when compared to EBT3. This in combination with its accuracy from 0 to 3000 cGy and minimal energy dependence from 6 to 18 MV makes EBT-XD film well suited for dosimetric measurements in high dose SRS/SBRT applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Grams
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
authors.forename: Jon M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gustafson
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
authors.forename: Kenneth M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
authors.forename: Luis E Fong
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: de los Santos
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D002138:Calibration; D005373:Film Dosimetry / Q000379:methods*