title: MicroRNAs in Serum and Bile of Patients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and/or Cholangiocarcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are at high risk for the development of cholangiocarcinoma (CC). Analysis of micro ribonucleic acid (MiRNA) patterns is an evolving research field in biliary pathophysiology with potential value in diagnosis and therapy. Our aim was to evaluate miRNA patterns in serum and bile of patients with PSC and/or CC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum and bile from consecutive patients with PSC (n = 40 (serum), n = 52 (bile)), CC (n = 31 (serum), n = 19 (bile)) and patients with CC complicating PSC (PSC/CC) (n = 12 (bile)) were analyzed in a cross-sectional study between 2009 and 2012. As additional control serum samples from healthy individuals were analyzed (n = 12). The miRNA levels in serum and bile were determined with global miRNA profiling and subsequent miRNA-specific polymerase chain reaction-mediated validation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum analysis revealed significant differences for miR-1281 (p = 0.001), miR-126 (p = 0.001), miR-26a (p = 0.001), miR-30b (p = 0.001) and miR-122 (p = 0.034) between patients with PSC and patients with CC. All validated miRNAs were significantly lower in healthy individuals. MiR-412 (p = 0.001), miR-640 (p = 0.001), miR-1537 (p = 0.003) and miR-3189 (p = 0.001) were significantly different between patients with PSC and PSC/CC in bile.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with PSC and/or CC have distinct miRNA profiles in serum and bile. Furthermore, miRNA concentrations are different in bile of patients with CC on top of PSC indicating the potential diagnostic value of these miRNAs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center-Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Voigtländer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Shashi K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thum
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Jasmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fendrich
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center-Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Manns
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center-Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Tim O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Lankisch
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research and Treatment Center-Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Excellence Cluster REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thum
mesh_terms: D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism*; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D015209:Cholangitis, Sclerosing / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs