title: Extremely low frequency (ELF) stray magnetic fields of laboratory equipment: a possible co-exposure conducting experiments on cell cultures.
abstract: Measurements of extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields were conducted in the environment of commercial laboratory equipment in order to evaluate the possible co-exposure during the experimental processes on cell cultures. Three types of device were evaluated: a cell culture CO2 incubator, a thermostatic water bath and a laboratory shaker table. These devices usually have electric motors, heating wires and electronic control systems, therefore may expose the cell cultures to undesirable ELF stray magnetic fields. Spatial distributions of magnetic field time domain signal waveform and frequency spectral analysis (FFT) were processed. Long- and short-term variation of stray magnetic field was also evaluated under normal use of investigated laboratory devices. The results show that the equipment under test may add a considerable ELF magnetic field to the ambient environmental magnetic field or to the intentional exposure to ELF, RF or other physical/chemical agents. The maximum stray magnetic fields were higher than 3 µT, 20 µT and 75 µT in the CO2 incubator, in water bath and on the laboratory shaker table, respectively, with high variation of spatial distribution and time domain. Our investigation emphasizes possible confounding factors conducting cell culture studies related to low-level ELF-EMF exposure due to the existing stray magnetic fields in the ambient environment of laboratory equipment.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Non-Ionizing Radiation , National "Fréderic-Joliot Curie" Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: Iván
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gresits
authors.affiliation: a Department of Non-Ionizing Radiation , National "Fréderic-Joliot Curie" Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: Péter Pál
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Necz
authors.affiliation: a Department of Non-Ionizing Radiation , National "Fréderic-Joliot Curie" Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jánossy
authors.affiliation: a Department of Non-Ionizing Radiation , National "Fréderic-Joliot Curie" Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: György
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thuróczy
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D007753:Laboratories; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D009038:Motion; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D002245:Carbon Dioxide
keywords: Cell culture; ELF; laboratory equipment; stray magnetic field