title: Effects of date palm fruit extracts on skin mucosal immunity, immune related genes expression and growth performance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of date palm fruit extracts (DPFE) on skin mucosal immunity, immune related genes expression and growth performance of fry common carp (Cyprinus carpio). One hundred and twenty specimens (4.06 ± 0.13 g) were supplied and allocated into six aquaria; specimens in three aquaria were fed non-supplemented diet (control) while the fish in the other 3 aquaria were fed with DPFE at 200 ml kg(-1). At the end of feeding trial (8 weeks) skin mucus immune parameters (total immunoglobulins, lysozyme, protease and alkaline phosphatase activity) and immune related gene expression (tumor necrosis factor α [tnfa], lysozyme [ly] and interleukin-1-beta, [il1b]) in the head-kidney were studied. The results revealed that feeding carp fry with 200 ml kg(-1) DPFE remarkably elevated the three skin mucus immune parameters tested (P < 0.05). However, evaluation of immune related gene expression demonstrated that the expression of tnfa and il1b was considerably decreased (P < 0.05) in fish fed DPFE diet, while the expression of ly remained similar (P > 0.05) compared to control fish (fed control diet). Furthermore, growth performance parameters were significantly improved in fry fed DPFE (P < 0.05). More studies are needed to understand different aspects of DPFE administration in fry mucosal immunity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. Electronic address: hoseinifar@gau.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Seyed Hossein
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hoseinifar
authors.affiliation: Medical Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khalili
authors.affiliation: Inland Water Aquaculture Institute, Specialized Research Station of Aquatics Nutrition and Live Food, BandareAnzali, Iran.
authors.forename: Rudabeh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rufchaei
authors.affiliation: Cereal Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Department of Public Health, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mojtaba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raeisi
authors.affiliation: Medical Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
authors.forename: Marzieh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Attar
authors.affiliation: Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Héctor
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cordero
authors.affiliation: Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: M Ángeles
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Esteban
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D015870:Gene Expression; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D065749:Phoeniceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Common carp (Cyprinus carpio); Date palm extract; Gene expression; Growth; Skin mucosal immunity