title: The role of B-1 cells in inflammation.
abstract: B-1 lymphocytes exhibit unique phenotypic, ontogenic, and functional characteristics that differ from the conventional B-2 cells. B-1 cells spontaneously secrete germline-like, repertoire-skewed polyreactive natural antibody, which acts as a first line of defense by neutralizing a wide range of pathogens before launching of the adaptive immune response. Immunomodulatory molecules such as interleukin-10, adenosine, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-3, and interleukin-35 are also produced by B-1 cells in the presence or absence of stimulation, which regulate acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Considerable progress has been made during the past three decades since the discovery of B-1 cells, which has improved not only our understanding of their phenotypic and ontogenic uniqueness but also their role in various inflammatory diseases including influenza, pneumonia, sepsis, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmunity, obesity and diabetes mellitus. Recent identification of human B-1 cells widens the scope of this field, leading to novel innovations that can be implemented from bench to bedside. Among the vast number of studies on B-1 cells, we have carried out a literature review highlighting current trends in the study of B-1 cell involvement during inflammation, which may result in a paradigm shift toward sustainable therapeutics in various inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Research, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
authors.forename: Monowar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.affiliation: Center for Oncology and Cell Biology, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
authors.forename: Nichol E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Holodick
authors.affiliation: Center for Oncology and Cell Biology, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Rothstein
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Research, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA. pwang@nshs.edu.|Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA. pwang@nshs.edu.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D056747:Immunomodulation; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007239:Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Autoimmunity; B-1 cells; IBD; Inflammation; Influenza; Natural IgM; Sepsis