title: Socio-structural and behavioral risk factors associated with trafficked history of female bar/spa entertainers in the sex trade in the Philippines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore factors associated with trafficking (deceptive/coercive entry to sex trade) among female bar/spa entertainers who traded sex in the Philippines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female bar/spa entertainers who traded sex in the past 6months were recruited from 25bar/spa venues in Metro Manila (April 2009-January 2010) and assessed via cross-sectional survey data collection for HIV-risk-related socio-structural factors associated with deceptive/coercive entry into the sex trade. The study employed hierarchical linear modeling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 166bar/spa entertainers assessed, 19 (11.4%) reported being deceived/coerced (i.e. trafficked) into their first jobs. Trafficking history was independently associated with current drug use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-3.97) decreased availability of condoms at venues for entertainers (AOR 0.18; 95% CI 0.05-0.71) and, conversely, increased peer support for practicing safer sex behaviors (AOR 3.08; 95% CI 1.63-5.09). Those deceived/coerced into their positions were more likely than non-trafficked women to have been recruited by an agency who came to their rural province (AOR 12.07; 95% CI 1.77-82.25) as opposed to getting the job from advertisement (AOR 0.10; 95% CI 0.02-0.65) or a friend/acquaintance (AOR 0.02; 95% CI 0.00-0.48).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings have implications for designing interventions to prevent and target trafficked women in the Philippines who may be more vulnerable to substance use and, potentially, HIV infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. Electronic address: lurada@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Lianne A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Urada
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Halterman
authors.affiliation: Division of Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raj
authors.affiliation: Division of Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Kiyomi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuyuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: Nymia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pimentel-Simbulan
authors.affiliation: Division of Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jay G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Silverman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003068:Coercion; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D008192:Deception; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D064410:Human Trafficking / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D010679:Philippines / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D021841:Safe Sex / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D060386:Sex Workers / Q000523:psychology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: HIV/AIDS; Sex work; Sexually transmitted infections; Socio-structural factors; Trafficking