title: Control of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, the vectors of dengue and chikungunya, by using pheromone C21 with an insect growth regulator: Results of multicentric trials from 2007-12 in India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aedes mosquito control has gained much importance nowadays in view of rise in number of reported cases of dengue and chikungunya in India and other countries. In the present study, C21 attracticide (containing a pheromone and an insect growth regulator—IGR, developed by Defence Research and Development Establishment (DRDE), Gwalior, India was tested for its feasibility for surveillance and control of Aedes mosquito in a multicentric mode from October 2007 to June 2012 in urban (Delhi, and Bengaluru district, Karnataka) and suburban (Alappuzha district, Kerala) settings of the country in three phases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Across the randomly selected households in each study area, two to four containers treated with attracticide (experimental) and untreated (control) were placed and monitored by trained surveillance workers on weekly/ fortnightly basis for determining the presence of eggs, larvae and pupae. Container positivity, percent larvae, egg and pupae collected were determined during different phases and analyzed statistically using SPSS 18.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Container positivity was found statistically significant at Bengaluru and Alappuzha, Kerala while in Delhi, it was found non-significant. Eggs collected from experimental containers were significantly higher in comparison to control at all the locations except Delhi. Also larvae collected from control containers were significantly higher at all the locations except Bengaluru. Pupae collected from control containers remained significantly higher at all the locations as no pupal formation was recorded from experimental containers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of C21 attracticide hampered pupal formation, thus inhibiting adult population in the study areas. The study established that C21 attracticide was efficacious in the field conditions and has potential for use in surveillance and management of dengue and chikungunya mosquitoes.
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Nagpal
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eapen
authors.forename: Aruna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Parashar
authors.forename: Shri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mendki
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Tikar
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Rekha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: Sanjeev
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Ojha
authors.forename: K John
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Ravindran
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ganesan
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Tuli
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vijayaraghavan
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Dua
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Dash
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Kaushik
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: Neena
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Valecha
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D000818:Animals; D065632:Chikungunya Fever / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D003715:Dengue / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D005260:Female; D007194:India; D007303:Insect Vectors; D007605:Juvenile Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D010675:Pheromones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011679:Pupa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D011897:Random Allocation; D012724:Sex Attractants / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D007605:Juvenile Hormones; D010675:Pheromones; D012724:Sex Attractants