title: Mandatory implementation of NICE Guidelines for the care of bipolar disorder and other conditions in England and Wales.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bipolar disorder is a common long-term mental health condition characterised by episodes of mania or hypomania and depression resulting in disability, early death, and high health and society costs. Public money funds the National Institute of Healthcare and Clinical Excellence (NICE) to produce clinical guidelines by systematically identifying the most up to date research evidence and costing its main recommendations for healthcare organisations and professionals to follow in England and Wales. Most governments, including those of England and Wales, need to improve healthcare but at reduced cost. There is evidence, particularly in bipolar disorder, that systematically following clinical guidelines achieves these outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NICE clinical guidelines, including those regarding bipolar disorder, remain variably implemented. They give clinicians and patients a non-prescriptive basis for deciding their care. Despite the passing of the Health and Social Care Act in 2012 in England requiring all healthcare organisations to consider NICE clinical guidelines in commissioning, delivering, and inspecting healthcare services, healthcare organisations in the National Health Service may ignore them with little accountability and few consequences. There is no mechanism to ensure that healthcare professionals know or consider them. Barriers to their implementation include the lack of political and professional leadership, the complexity of the organisation of care and policy, mistrust of some processes and recommendations of clinical guidelines, and a lack of a clear implementation model, strategy, responsibility, or accountability. Mitigation to these barriers is presented herein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The variability, safety, and quality of healthcare might be improved and its cost reduced if the implementation of NICE clinical guidelines, such as those for bipolar disorder, were made the minimum starting point for clinical decision-making and mandatory responsibilities of all healthcare organisations and professionals.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry and Community Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. richard.morriss@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morriss
mesh_terms: D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D004739:England; D006801:Humans; D009313:National Health Programs; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D014852:Wales