title: On the Horizon: Cochlear Implant Technology.
abstract: Cochlear implantation and cochlear implants (CIs) have a long history filled with innovations that have resulted in the high-performing device's currently available. Several promising technologies have been reviewed in this article, which hold the promise to drive performance even higher. Remote CI programming, totally implanted devices, improved neural health and survival through targeted drug therapy and delivery, intraneural electrode placement, electroacoustical stimulation and hybrid CIs, and methods to enhance the neural-prosthesis interface are evolving areas of innovation reviewed in this article.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 21151 Pomerantz Family Pavilion, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242-1089, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Roche
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 21151 Pomerantz Family Pavilion, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242-1089, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242-1089, USA. Electronic address: marlan-hansen@uiowa.edu.
authors.forename: Marlan R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hansen
mesh_terms: D003051:Cochlea / Q000601:surgery*; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003054:Cochlear Implants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000266:history*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D011474:Prosthesis Design
keywords: Cochlear implant; Future designs; Intracochlear drug delivery; Intraneural electrodes; Optogenetics