title: Systematic literature review of determinants of sedentary behaviour in older adults: a DEDIPAC study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Older adults are the most sedentary segment of society and high sedentary time is associated with poor health and wellbeing outcomes in this population. Identifying determinants of sedentary behaviour is a necessary step to develop interventions to reduce sedentary time.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic literature review was conducted to identify factors associated with sedentary behaviour in older adults. Pubmed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched for articles published between 2000 and May 2014. The search strategy was based on four key elements: (a) sedentary behaviour and its synonyms; (b) determinants and its synonyms (e.g. correlates, factors); (c) types of sedentary behaviour (e.g. TV viewing, sitting, gaming) and (d) types of determinants (e.g. environmental, behavioural). Articles were included in the review if specific information about sedentary behaviour in older adults was reported. Studies on samples identified by disease were excluded. Study quality was rated by means of QUALSYST. The full review protocol is available from PROSPERO (PROSPERO 2014: CRD42014009823). The analysis was guided by the socio-ecological model framework.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two original studies were identified out of 4472 returned by the systematic search. These included 19 cross-sectional, 2 longitudinal and 1 qualitative studies, all published after 2011. Half of the studies were European. The study quality was generally high with a median of 82 % (IQR 69-96 %) using Qualsyst tool. Personal factors were the most frequently investigated with consistent positive association for age, negative for retirement, obesity and health status. Only four studies considered environmental determinants suggesting possible association with mode of transport, type of housing, cultural opportunities and neighbourhood safety and availability of places to rest. Only two studies investigated mediating factors. Very limited information was available on contexts and sub-domains of sedentary behaviours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Few studies have investigated determinants of sedentary behaviour in older adults and these have to date mostly focussed on personal factors, and qualitative studies were mostly lacking. More longitudinal studies are needed as well as inclusion of a broader range of personal and contextual potential determinants towards a systems-based approach, and future studies should be more informed by qualitative work.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Health Research, School of Health and Life Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK. Sebastien.Chastin@gcu.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Sebastien F M
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Chastin
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology- BIPS, Bremen, Germany. buck@bips.uni-bremen.de.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buck
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomedicine of Aging Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen, Nürnberg, Germany. ellen.freiberger@fau.de.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Freiberger
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity and Health Research, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland, UK. mh.murphy@ulster.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health & Care Research, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. j.brug@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brug
authors.affiliation: Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. Greet.Cardon@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Greet
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cardon
authors.affiliation: Centre for Preventive Medicine, School of Health & Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland. grainne.odonoghue@dcu.ie.
authors.forename: Grainne
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: O'Donoghue
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology- BIPS, Bremen, Germany. pigeot@bips.uni-bremen.de.
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pigeot
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Centre for Research on Human Nutrition Ile-de-France (CRNH), University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France. jean-michel.oppert@psl.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Oppert
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004777:Environment; D015444:Exercise; D015438:Health Behavior; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D011998:Recreation; D012179:Retirement; D057185:Sedentary Behavior