title: Dual effects of a lectin from the green seaweed Caulerpa cupressoides var. lycopodium on inflammatory mediators in classical models of inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Wide biotechnological investigations of only a limited number of seaweed lectins have been performed. We previously demonstrated the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of a lectin isolated from the green seaweed Caulerpa cupressoides var. lycopodium (CcL). Herein, we further studied the mechanisms of action of CcL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Classical acute inflammation models induced by different flogistic agents were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory action of CcL. CcL was injected locally into the rat paw to verify a possible pro-inflammatory outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CcL (0.1, 1 or 10 mg/kg; i.v.) reduced the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and neutrophilic infiltration, which was not altered by either mucin (inhibitor of CcL carbohydrate-binding site) or ZnPP-IX (specific HO-1 inhibitor). Immunohistochemical analyses showed that CcL (1 mg/kg) reduced the expression of the cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and COX-2. CcL (0.1, 1 or 10 mg/kg) inhibited dextran, and CcL (1 mg/kg) inhibited histamine-induced rat paw edema. Both effects were reversed by mucin inhibition. CcL (1 mg/kg) was ineffective for the treatment of serotonin- and bradykinin-induced rat paw edema. When injected via the i.pl. route, CcL (10 mg/kg) elicited rat paw edema involving a wide range of mediators.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The anti-inflammatory action of CcL involves the inhibition of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and COX-2 expression and histamine H1 receptors. When locally administered, CcL exerts pro-inflammatory actions.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Bloco 907 Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CEP: 60440-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ismael Nilo Lino
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: de Queiroz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Bloco 907 Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CEP: 60440-900, Brazil.|Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Porangabuçu, Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Luíza Gomes
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Quinderé
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Ariévilo Gurgel
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Bloco 907 Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CEP: 60440-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edfranck
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Sousa Oliveira Vanderlei
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Bloco 907 Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CEP: 60440-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Natássia Albuquerque
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Bloco 907 Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CEP: 60440-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata Line
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: da Conceição Rivanor
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kátia Alves
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Bloco 907 Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CEP: 60440-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Chistiane Oliveira
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Coura
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karuza Maria Alves
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hellíada Vasconcelos
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Chaves
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mirna Marques
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bezerra
authors.affiliation: Department of Fisheries Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Bloco 840 Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ianna Wivianne Fernandes
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: de Araújo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Bloco 907 Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CEP: 60440-900, Brazil. nmbb@ufc.br.
authors.forename: Norma Maria Barros
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Benevides
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002351:Carrageenan; D046068:Caulerpa / Q000737:chemistry*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D005528:Foot / Q000473:pathology; D006632:Histamine; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D037102:Lectins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009077:Mucins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D037102:Lectins; D009077:Mucins; D006632:Histamine; D002351:Carrageenan
keywords: Inflammation; Marine alga; Modulatory mechanisms; Paw edema