title: Effect of melatonin on sleep disorders in a monkey model of Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and compare the effects of melatonin and levodopa (L-dopa) on sleep disorders in a monkey model of Parkinson's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The daytime and nighttime sleep patterns of four macaques that were rendered parkinsonian by administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) were recorded using polysomnography in four conditions: at baseline, during the parkinsonian condition; after administration of L-dopa, and after administration of a combination of melatonin with L-dopa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was confirmed that MPTP intoxication induces sleep disorders, with sleep episodes during daytime and sleep fragmentation at nighttime. L-dopa treatment significantly reduced the awake time during the night and tended to improve all other sleep parameters, albeit not significantly. In comparison to the parkinsonian condition, combined treatment with melatonin and L-dopa significantly increased total sleep time and sleep efficiency, and reduced the time spent awake during the night in all animals. A significant decrease in sleep latencies was also observed in three out of four animals. Compared with L-dopa alone, combined treatment with melatonin and L-dopa significantly improved all these sleep parameters in two animals. On the other hand, combined treatment had no effect on sleep architecture and daytime sleep.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrated, for the first time, objective improvement on sleep parameters of melatonin treatment in MPTP-intoxicated monkeys, showing that melatonin treatment has a real therapeutic potential to treat sleep disturbances in people with Parkinson's disease.
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, UM75, U1127, UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Hayat
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Belaid
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, UM75, U1127, UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Joelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adrien
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, UM75, U1127, UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Carine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Karachi
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, UM75, U1127, UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Etienne C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, UM75, U1127, UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France. Electronic address: chantal.francois@upmc.fr.
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: François
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007980:Levodopa / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D007980:Levodopa; D008550:Melatonin
keywords: MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine); Macaques; Melatonin; Monkeys; Parkinson's disease; Sleep disorders