title: Association of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease: A Double-Blind Case-Control Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Both osteoporosis (OP) and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases associated with bone loss mediated by local and systemic factors. The two diseases share common risk factors. Previous studies have suggested that OP in itself is a predisposing factor for periodontal tissue destruction in postmenopausal women. However, only a moderate correlation has been shown between the two conditions. In this study, we compared the severity of periodontal disease in postmenopausal osteoporotic women and postmenopausal women without OP.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 100 postmenopausal women in the age group of 50-65 years: Group 1 (50 osteoporotic) and Group 2 (50 non-osteoporotic women). Periodontal parameters included sulcus bleeding index, oral hygiene index simplified, probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL), interproximal alveolar bone loss (ABL), and number of missing teeth. The correlation of periodontal disease status with systemic bone mineral density (BMD) was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that osteoporotic (Group 1) women had a significantly greater PPD, CAL, and ABL when compared with the non-osteoporotic Group 2 (P < 0.0001). There was no significant correlation between BMD and various parameters between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of the present study it was noted that postmenopausal OP is associated with an increased incidence and severity of periodontal disease. Educating postmenopausal osteoporotic women regarding the importance of good oral care should be part of their management regime. Hence, it could be inferred a possibility of a probable relationship between OP and periodontal disease, but long-term prospective studies are warranted in the future in order to provide definitive evidence.
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, Dunlap, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Ravichandra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Juluri
authors.affiliation: Professor & Head, Department of Dentistry, Niloufer Hospital, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Evuru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Prashanth
authors.affiliation: Professor & Head, Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dr. D.Y Patil Dental College & Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gopalakrishnan
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dr. D.Y Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr. D.Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kathariya
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, AME's Dental College and Hospital, Raichur, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Archana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Devanoorkar
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of General Pathology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Dr. D.Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Vidya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Viswanathan
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Georgios E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Romanos
keywords: Bone density; periodontal disease; postmenopausal osteoporosis