title: Responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to moderate exercise and hypoxia.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze the physiological features of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from healthy female trekkers before and after physical activity carried out under both normoxia (low altitude, < 2000 m a.s.l.) and hypobaric hypoxia (high altitude, > 3700 m a.s.l.). The experimental design was to differentiate effects induced by exercise and those related to external environmental conditions. PBMCs were isolated from seven female subjects before and after each training period. The PBMCs were phenotypically and functionally characterized using fluorimetric and densitometric analyses, to determine cellular activation, and their intracellular Ca(2+) levels and oxidative status. After a period of normoxic physical exercise, the PBMCs showed an increase in fully activated T lymphocytes (CD3(+) CD69(+) ) and a reduction in intracellular Ca(2+) levels. On the other hand, with physical exercise performed under hypobaric hypoxia, there was a reduction in T lymphocytes and an increase in nonactivated B lymphocytes, accompanied by a reduction in O2 (-) levels in the mitochondria. These outcomes reveal that in women, low- to moderate-intensity aerobic trekking induces CD69 T cell activation and promotes anti-stress effects on the high-altitude-induced impairment of the immune responses and the oxidative balance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.|Centre for Aging Sciences (Ce.S.I), "Università Gabriele d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morabito
authors.affiliation: Centre for Aging Sciences (Ce.S.I), "Università Gabriele d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti, Italy.|Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lanuti
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.|Centre for Aging Sciences (Ce.S.I), "Università Gabriele d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Caprara
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.|Centre for Aging Sciences (Ce.S.I), "Università Gabriele d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guarnieri
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Verratti
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.affiliation: Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic and Orthopaedic Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Catizone
authors.affiliation: Centre for Aging Sciences (Ce.S.I), "Università Gabriele d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti, Italy.|Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marchisio
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.|Centre for Aging Sciences (Ce.S.I), "Università Gabriele d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fanò-Illic
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. mariggio@unich.it.|Centre for Aging Sciences (Ce.S.I), "Università Gabriele d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti, Italy. mariggio@unich.it.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mariggiò
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000531:Altitude; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000032:analysis; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000032:analysis; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000032:analysis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D009051:Mountaineering / Q000502:physiology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D064797:Physical Conditioning, Human / Q000502:physiology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000099192:CD69 Antigens
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D017252:CD3 Complex; D002118:Calcium; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D010100:Oxygen; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000099192:CD69 Antigens
keywords: Exercise training in women; hypobaric hypoxia; intracellular calcium; oxidative stress