title: Anthelmintic efficacy of cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic acid from cortex cinnamon essential oil against Dactylogyrus intermedius.
abstract: Utilization of chemical pesticide to control monogenean diseases is often restricted in many countries due to the development of pesticide resistance and concerns of chemical residues and environmental contamination. Thus, the use of antiparasitic agents from plants has been explored as a possible way for controlling monogenean infections. Extracts from Cinnamomum cassia were investigated under in vivo conditions against Dactylogyrus intermedius in goldfish. The two bioactive compounds, cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic acid, were identified using nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The 48 h median effective concentrations (EC(50)) for these compounds against D. intermedius were 0·57 and 6·32 mg L(-1), respectively. The LD(50) of cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic acid were 13·34 and 59·66 mg L(-1) to goldfish in 48 h acute toxicity tests, respectively. These data confirm that cinnamaldehyde is effective against D. intermedius, and the cinnamaldehyde exhibits potential for the development of a candidate antiparasitic agent.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: College of Science, Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China.
authors.forename: Guanglu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Fisheries Technical Extension Center,100125,China.
authors.forename: Mingshuang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China.
authors.forename: Gaoxue
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D001681:Biological Assay; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D032904:Cinnamomum aromaticum / Q000737:chemistry*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology; D005880:Gills / Q000469:parasitology; D006054:Goldfish / Q000469:parasitology; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D010986:Platyhelminths / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D014201:Trematode Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D002934:Cinnamates; D009822:Oils, Volatile; C029010:cinnamic acid; D000171:Acrolein; C012843:cinnamaldehyde
keywords: Cinnamon; anthelmintic efficacy; cinnamaldehyde; cinnamic acid; monogenean