title: Bilateral Vitreous Hemorrhage in Children: Clinical Features and Outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the etiology, clinical features and outcomes of bilateral vitreous hemorrhage (VH) in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective chart review was performed on patients with bilateral VH under the age of 18 at a tertiary eye care center in India. Data included demographics, details of history and ocular examination, reports of investigations, surgeries or other interventions performed, and final anatomical and visual outcomes. Patients were divided into two groups i.e., traumatic and non-traumatic (spontaneous).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The traumatic group was comprised of 37 patients including 27 male and 10 female subjects with mean age of 13.47 ± 5.31 years, the most common complaint was decreased vision (96.45%) and the most prevalent etiology was firecracker injury in 16 (43.2%) patients. Mean baseline visual acuity (VA) was 2.34 ± 1.31 logMAR which was significantly improved to 1.08 ± 0.23 logMAR (P = 0.042). The mean number of surgeries was 2.72 ± 1.43 in the traumatic VH and mean follow up period was 23.14 ± 6.54 months. The spontaneous group included 48 subjects comprised of 27 male and 21 female cases with mean age of 14.48 ± 2.03 years. The most common cause was vasculitis in 21 (43.75%) subjects including four patients with tuberculosis. Mean baseline VA was 1.97 ± 1.13 logMAR which showed a significant improvement to 0.82 ± 0.24 logMAR (P = 0.012) after mean follow up of 34.2 ± 11.2 months. Eleven patients required at least one major surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vasculitis was the most common cause of spontaneous bilateral VH; traumatic VH most prevalently occurred due to firecracker injury. Final VA was better in the spontaneous group.
authors.affiliation: Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreoretinal Diseases, KAR Campus, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Aditya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sudhalkar
authors.affiliation: Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreoretinal Diseases, KAR Campus, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chhablani
authors.affiliation: Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreoretinal Diseases, KAR Campus, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Padmaja Kumari
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Rani
authors.affiliation: Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreoretinal Diseases, KAR Campus, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Subhadra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jalali
authors.affiliation: Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreoretinal Diseases, KAR Campus, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Divya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Balakrishnan
authors.affiliation: Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreoretinal Diseases, KAR Campus, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Mudit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tyagi
keywords: Bilateral; Firecracker Injuries; Pediatric; Spontaneous; Trauma; Vasculitis; Vitreous Hemorrhage