title: Immature Development of Spodoptera dolichos (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
abstract: We provide detailed temporal and morphological parameters of the immature stages of Spodoptera dolichos (Fabricius) larvae fed on artificial diet under controlled conditions (25 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 10% RH, and 14 h photophase). The viability of the egg, larval, pupal, and prepupal stages was 97.5%, 97.0%, 93.1%, and 98.9%, respectively. The average duration of the egg, larval, prepupal, and pupal stages was 5.0, 23.4, 3.2, and 21.5 days, respectively. Females took longer at the larval stage than males, with 10.5% of them having seven instars. The growth rate of female larvae that developed through six and seven instars was 1.72 and 1.54, respectively. Female pupae were significantly larger, exhibiting slower development than males.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biotecnologia, Univ de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Montezano
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Soja, Londrina, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Sosa-Gómez
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, DF, Brasil.
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Paula-Moraes
authors.affiliation: Fac UnB Planaltina, Univ de Brasília, Planaltina, DF, Brasil.
authors.forename: V F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Roque-Specht
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biotecnologia, Univ de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fronza
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biotecnologia, Univ de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, DF, Brasil. alexandre.specht@embrapa.br.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Specht
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development; D008297:Male; D011679:Pupa / Q000254:growth & development; D018411:Spodoptera / Q000254:growth & development*
keywords: Armyworm; artificial diet; crop pests; sweet potato armyworm