title: Table grape consumption reduces adiposity and markers of hepatic lipogenesis and alters gut microbiota in butter fat-fed mice.
abstract: Our objective was to determine if consuming table grapes reduces adiposity and its metabolic consequences and alters gut microbiota in mice fed a high-fat (HF), butter-rich diet. C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat (LF) diet or HF diet with 3% or 5% grapes for 11weeks. Total body and inguinal fat were moderately but significantly reduced in mice fed both levels of grapes compared to their controls. Mice fed 5% grapes had lower liver weights and triglyceride levels and decreased expression of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (Gpat1) compared to the 5% controls. Mice fed 3% grapes had lower hepatic mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2, sterol-CoA desaturase 1, fatty-acid binding protein 4 and Gpat1 compared to the 3% controls. Although grape feeding had only a minor impact on markers of inflammation or lipogenesis in adipose tissue or intestine, 3% of grapes decreased the intestinal abundance of sulfidogenic Desulfobacter spp. and the Bilophila wadsworthia-specific dissimilatory sulfite reductase gene and tended to increase the abundance of the beneficial bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila compared to controls. In addition, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Allobaculum and several other genera correlated negatively with adiposity. Allobaculum in particular was increased in the LF and 3% grapes groups compared to the HF-fed controls. Notably, grape feeding attenuated the HF-induced impairment in epithelial localization of the intestinal tight junction protein zonula occludens. Collectively, these data indicate that some of the adverse health consequences of consuming an HF diet rich in saturated fat can be attenuated by table grape consumption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC.
authors.forename: Jessie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baldwin
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology & Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL.
authors.forename: Patricia G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC.
authors.forename: Wan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine/Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
authors.forename: Chia-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Biomedical Research, UNCG-NCRC, Kannapolis, NC.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cooney
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Chase
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cockrell
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology & Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL.
authors.forename: H Rex
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Gaskins
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC. Electronic address: mkmcinto@uncg.edu.
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: McIntosh
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D050154:Adiposity; D000818:Animals; D002079:Butter; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D050155:Lipogenesis; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D027843:Vitis
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D002079:Butter
keywords: Grapes; Intestines; Microbiota; Obesity; Steatosis