title: When flexibility is not necessarily a virtue: a review of hypermobility syndromes and chronic or recurrent musculoskeletal pain in children.
abstract: Chronic or recurrent musculoskeletal pain is a common complaint in children. Among the most common causes for this problem are different conditions associated with hypermobility. Pediatricians and allied professionals should be well aware of the characteristics of the different syndromes associated with hypermobility and facilitate early recognition and appropriate management. In this review we provide information on Benign Joint Hypermobility Syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Marfan Syndrome, Loeys-Dietz syndrome and Stickler syndrome, and discuss their characteristics and clinical management.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Clinic, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy. marco.cattalini@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cattalini
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India. rajukhubchandani@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Raju
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khubchandani
authors.affiliation: Anna Meyer Children's Hospital and University of Florence, Florence, Italy. rolando.cimaz@meyer.it.
authors.forename: Rolando
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cimaz
mesh_terms: D001168:Arthritis / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003240:Connective Tissue Diseases / Q000150:complications; D004535:Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital; D055947:Loeys-Dietz Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D008382:Marfan Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D012008:Recurrence; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000150:complications