title: Ethnic and Gender Considerations in the Use of Facial Injectables: African-American Patients.
abstract: The United States is becoming increasingly more diverse as the nonwhite population continues to rise faster than ever. By 2044, the US Census Bureau projects that greater than 50% of the US population will be of nonwhite descent. Ethnic patients are the quickest growing portion of the cosmetic procedures market, with African-Americans comprising 7.1% of the 22% of ethnic minorities who received cosmetic procedures in the United States in 2014. The cosmetic concerns and natural features of this ethnic population are unique and guided by differing structural and aging processes than their white counterparts. As people of color increasingly seek nonsurgical cosmetic procedures, dermatologists and cosmetic surgeons must become aware that the Westernized look does not necessarily constitute beauty in these diverse people. The use of specialized aesthetic approaches and understanding of cultural and ethnic-specific features are warranted in the treatment of these patients. This article will review the key principles to consider when treating African-American patients, including the average facial structure of African-Americans, the impact of their ethnicity on aging and structure of face, and soft-tissue augmentation strategies specific to African-American skin.
authors.affiliation: Washington, D.C.; and Baltimore, Md. From the Center for Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery and the University of Maryland Mercy Medical Center.
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.forename: Olabola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Awosika
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000208:ethnology*