title: Induction of Liver Tumors in Mice with N-Ethyl-N-Nitrosourea or N-Nitrosodiethylamine.
abstract: Since the groundbreaking studies in the middle part of the last century showing liver cancer in rodents exposed to aromatic amines, the liver has been widely used as a model target organ of chemical carcinogenesis. This protocol describes a method for inducing liver tumors by injecting mice with the widely used alkylating agents N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) and N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN). ENU does not require metabolic activation and readily induces tumors in a number of tissues, including the lungs, stomach, and ovaries, as well as inducing lymphomas. Mice injected with DEN can also develop other tumors, including those of the gastrointestinal tract, skin, lungs, and lymphocytes, but because DEN is metabolized in the liver, it is most effective at inducing liver tumors.
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109.
authors.forename: Kay E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Gurley
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109.
authors.forename: Russell D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kemp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005038:Ethylnitrosourea / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced*; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine; D005038:Ethylnitrosourea