title: Formation and Malformation of Cardiac Trabeculae: Biological Basis, Clinical Significance, and Special Yield of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Assessment.
abstract: Adult and pediatric cardiologists are familiar with variation in cardiac trabeculation. Abnormal trabeculation is a key feature of left ventricular noncompaction, but it is also common in congenital heart diseases and in cardiomyopathies (dilated and hypertrophied). Trabeculae might be a measurable phenotypic marker that will allow insights into how cardiomyopathy and congenital heart disease arise and develop. This will require the linking together of clinical and preclinical information (such as embryology and genetics), with new analysis methods for trabecular quantitation. In adult cardiology several promising quantitative methods have been developed for echocardiography, computed tomography, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance, and earlier cross-sectional caliper approaches have now been refined to permit more advanced assessment. Adaptation of these methods for use in developmental biology might inform on better ways to measure and track trabecular morphology in model organisms.
authors.affiliation: UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Gower Street, London, United Kingdom; Barts Heart Centre, Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Captur
authors.affiliation: UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Gower Street, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Petros
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Syrris
authors.affiliation: UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Gower Street, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Chinwe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Obianyo
authors.affiliation: Unità Complessa di Cardiologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiotoraciche e Respiratorie, Azienda, Ospedaliera dei Colli - Ospedale Monaldi, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Limongelli
authors.affiliation: UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Gower Street, London, United Kingdom; Barts Heart Centre, Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: j.moon@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Moon
mesh_terms: D018450:Disease Progression; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D056830:Isolated Noncompaction of the Ventricular Myocardium / Q000175:diagnosis*; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results