title: Estimating patient-specific and anatomically correct reference model for craniomaxillofacial deformity via sparse representation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A significant number of patients suffer from craniomaxillofacial (CMF) deformity and require CMF surgery in the United States. The success of CMF surgery depends on not only the surgical techniques but also an accurate surgical planning. However, surgical planning for CMF surgery is challenging due to the absence of a patient-specific reference model. Currently, the outcome of the surgery is often subjective and highly dependent on surgeon's experience. In this paper, the authors present an automatic method to estimate an anatomically correct reference shape of jaws for orthognathic surgery, a common type of CMF surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  To estimate a patient-specific jaw reference model, the authors use a data-driven method based on sparse shape composition. Given a dictionary of normal subjects, the authors first use the sparse representation to represent the midface of a patient by the midfaces of the normal subjects in the dictionary. Then, the derived sparse coefficients are used to reconstruct a patient-specific reference jaw shape.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors have validated the proposed method on both synthetic and real patient data. Experimental results show that the authors' method can effectively reconstruct the normal shape of jaw for patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors have presented a novel method to automatically estimate a patient-specific reference model for the patient suffering from CMF deformity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599.
authors.forename: Yaozong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Surgical Planning Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Surgical Planning Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030.
authors.forename: Ken-Chung
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Surgical Planning Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030.
authors.forename: Jianfu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
authors.forename: Steve G F
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Hong Kong Dental Implant and Maxillofacial Centre, Hong Kong 999077, China.
authors.forename: Philip K M
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Hong Kong Dental Implant and Maxillofacial Centre, Hong Kong 999077, China.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Surgery (Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery), Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York 10065; and Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 and Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dinggang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007568:Jaw / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D007569:Jaw Abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures; D066230:Patient-Specific Modeling; D057234:Preoperative Period