title: Probiotics in Pediatric Liver Disease.
abstract: The gut-liver axis involves complex interaction between the intestinal microbiome and the liver parenchyma. Probiotics are live microorganisms that are used in a variety of diseases. With currently only 2 randomized-controlled studies (one with Lactobacillus GG and the other with VSL #3), data are scarce to support the clinical effect of probiotic use in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. There is evidence that probiotics decrease the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis and thereby reduce the prevalence of total parenteral nutrition-induced chronic liver disease. Probiotics are used with a few reported positive outcomes in patients with cystic fibrosis and familial hypercholesterolemia and may be promising in other liver conditions. Probiotics are generally safe and well tolerated in children, premature infants, and in patients after liver transplantation. Large, prospective, randomized clinical trials are needed to evaluate the benefit of probiotics in children with liver diseases.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, University of Arizona †Department of Child Health University of Arizona, Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ.
authors.forename: Tamir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miloh
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008099:Liver / Q000382:microbiology*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*