title: Anodisation Increases Integration of Unloaded Titanium Implants in Sheep Mandible.
abstract: Spark discharge anodic oxidation forms porous TiO2 films on titanium implant surfaces. This increases surface roughness and concentration of calcium and phosphate ions and may enhance early osseointegration. To test this, forty 3.75 mm × 13 mm titanium implants (Megagen, Korea) were placed into healed mandibular postextraction ridges of 10 sheep. There were 10 implants per group: RBM surface (control), RBM + anodised, RBM + anodised + fluoride, and titanium alloy + anodised surface. Resonant frequency analysis (RFA) was measured in implant stability quotient (ISQ) at surgery and at sacrifice after 1-month unloaded healing. Mean bone-implant contact (% BIC) was measured in undemineralised ground sections for the best three consecutive threads. One of 40 implants showed evidence of failure. RFA differed between groups at surgery but not after 1 month. RFA values increased nonsignificantly for all implants after 1 month, except for controls. There was a marked difference in BIC after 1-month healing, with higher values for alloy implants, followed by anodised + fluoride and anodised implants. Anodisation increased early osseointegration of rough-surfaced implants by 50-80%. RFA testing lacked sufficient resolution to detect this improvement. Whether this gain in early bone-implant contact is clinically significant is the subject of future experiments.
authors.affiliation: Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Warwick J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Biomaterials and Institute of Biodegradable Materials, Institute of Oral Bioscience and BK21 Plus Project, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Biomaterials and Institute of Biodegradable Materials, Institute of Oral Bioscience and BK21 Plus Project, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Sung
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sook-Jeong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gay
authors.affiliation: Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Loch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015921:Dental Implants; D004566:Electrodes; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects; D011859:Radiography; D012756:Sheep; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D014025:Titanium