title: Occurrence of virulence gene signatures associated with diarrhoeagenic and non-diarrhoeagenic pathovars of Escherichia coli isolates from some selected rivers in South-Western Nigeria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diarrhoeal diseases are attributable to unsafe water stemming from improper sanitation and hygiene and are reportedly responsible for extensive morbidity and mortality particularly among children in developed and developing countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Water samples from selected rivers in Osun State, South-Western Nigeria were collected and analyzed using standard procedures. Escherichia coli isolates (n=300) were screened for 10 virulence genes using polymerase chain reaction for pathotyping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While the virulence gene (VG) lt for enterotoxigenic E. coli had the highest prevalence of 45%, the enteropathogenic E. coli genes eae and bfp were detected in 6 and 4% of the isolates respectively. The VGs stx1 and stx2 specific for the enterohemorrhagic E. coli pathotypes were detected in 7 and 1% of the isolates respectively. Also, the VG eagg harboured by enteroaggregative pathotype and diffusely-adherent E. coli VG daaE were detected in 2 and 4% of the isolates respectively and enteroinvasive E. coli VG ipaH was not detected. In addition, the VGs papC for uropathogenic and ibeA for neonatal meningitis were frequently detected in 19 and 3% of isolates respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings reveal the presence of diarrhoeagenic and non-diarrhoeagenic E. coli in the selected rivers and a potential public health risk as the rivers are important resources for domestic, recreational and livelihood usage by their host communities.
authors.affiliation: SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa. olayinkatemi@yahoo.co.uk.|Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa. olayinkatemi@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Yinka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Titilawo
authors.affiliation: SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa. LObi@ufh.ac.za.|Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa. LObi@ufh.ac.za.
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Obi
authors.affiliation: SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa. aokoh@ufh.ac.za.|Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa. aokoh@ufh.ac.za.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okoh
mesh_terms: D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005838:Genotype; D009549:Nigeria; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D045483:Rivers / Q000382:microbiology*; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D037521:Virulence Factors