title: Bisphenol A Concentrates Preferentially in Human Uterine Leiomyoma and Induces Proliferation in Rat Myometrium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure tissue levels of bisphenol A (BPA) in uterine leiomyoma (ULM), adjacent myometrium (Myo-F), and normal myometrium (Myo-N). Also, we tested the effect of BPA treatment on rat myometrium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Uterine leiomyomas and Myo-F tissues were isolated from hysterectomy specimens done to treat symptomatic ULMs (N = 30). Normal myometrium is isolated from hysterectomies done on ULM-free uteri for other benign indications (N = 25). Bisphenol A was measured in 1 g of tissue using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography, with fluorescence detectors. Experimentally, adult female rats were fed BPA orally at a dose of 50 mg/kg/d for 90 days. Animals were killed, and their myometrial thickness and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tissue concentration of BPA in each of ULM (12.3 ± 2.8 µg/g) and Myo-F (10.1 ± 0.2 µg/g) was significantly higher than that of Myo-N (0.58 ± 0.2 µg/g). There was no statistically significant difference in BPA level between ULM and Myo-F within submucous or interstitial/subserous fibroid groups. Compared to control rats, BPA-treated animals showed significantly higher myometrial thickness (168.67 ± 5.7 µm and 281.6 ± 20.32 µm, respectively, P = .003) and increased myometrial PCNA immunoscores (1.5 ± 0.37 and 10.38 ± 0.67, respectively, P ≤ .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bisphenol A concentrates in human ULM tissue and its adjacent Myo-F compared to Myo-N. No significant difference is detected in BPA content of ULM tissue of different subtypes. Bisphenol A increases thickness and induces cellular proliferation in rat myometrium. Taken together, our results support a role of BPA in ULM development/growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt Center of Excellence of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine CESCRM, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt essamrash@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Essam R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Othman
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
authors.forename: Dina M M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Al-Adly
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
authors.forename: Dalia A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Elgamal
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
authors.forename: Nagwa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ghandour
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sawsan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: El-Sharkawy
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009215:Myometrium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010636:Phenols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: bisphenol A; myometrium; uterine leiomyoma