title: Validation of the Physician Teaching Motivation Questionnaire (PTMQ).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Physicians play a major role as teachers in undergraduate medical education. Studies indicate that different forms and degrees of motivation can influence work performance in general and that teachers' motivation to teach can influence students' academic achievements in particular. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and to validate an instrument measuring teaching motivations in hospital-based physicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  We chose self-determination theory as a theoretical framework for item and scale development. It distinguishes between different dimensions of motivation depending on the amount of self-regulation and autonomy involved and its empirical evidence has been demonstrated in other areas of research. To validate the new instrument (PTMQ = Physician Teaching Motivation Questionnaire), we used data from a sample of 247 physicians from internal medicine and surgery at six German medical faculties. Structural equation modelling was conducted to confirm the factorial structure, correlation analyses and linear regressions were performed to examine concurrent and incremental validity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Structural equation modelling confirmed a good global fit for the factorial structure of the final instrument (RMSEA = .050, TLI = .957, SRMR = .055, CFI = .966). Cronbach's alphas indicated good internal consistencies for all scales (α = .75 - .89) except for the identified teaching motivation subscale with an acceptable internal consistency (α = .65). Tests of concurrent validity with global work motivation, perceived teaching competence, perceived teaching involvement and voluntariness of lesson allocation delivered theory-consistent results with slight deviations for some scales. Incremental validity over global work motivation in predicting perceived teaching involvement was also confirmed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that the PTMQ is a reliable, valid and therefore suitable instrument for assessing physicians' teaching motivation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, III. Medizinische Klinik, Martinistr. 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany. c.dybowski@uke.de.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dybowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, III. Medizinische Klinik, Martinistr. 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany. harendza@uke.de.
authors.forename: Sigrid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harendza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D008297:Male; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D010819:Physician's Role; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods