title: Postapplication Fipronil Exposure Following Use on Pets.
abstract: Fipronil is a pyrazole acaricide and insecticide that may be used for insect, tick, lice, and mite control on pets. Residents' short-term and long-term postapplication exposures to fipronil, including secondary environmental exposures, were estimated using data from chemical-specific studies. Estimations of acute (24-h) absorbed doses for residents were based on U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) 2012 standard operating procedures (SOPs) for postapplication exposure. Chronic exposures were not estimated for residential use, as continuous, long-term application activities were unlikely to occur. Estimated acute postapplication absorbed doses were as high as 0.56 μg/kg-d for toddlers (1-2 yr) in households with treated pets based on current U.S. EPA SOPs. Acute toddler exposures estimated here were fivefold larger in comparison to adults. Secondary exposure from the household environment in which a treated pet lives that is not from contacting the pet, but from contacting the house interior to which pet residues were transferred, was estimated based on monitoring socks worn by pet owners. These secondary exposures were more than an order of magnitude lower than those estimated from contacting the pet and thus may be considered negligible.
authors.affiliation: a risksciences.net LLC , Sacramento , California , USA.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Cochran
authors.affiliation: b Personal Chemical Exposure Program, Department of Entomology , University of California , Riverside , California , USA.
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: b Personal Chemical Exposure Program, Department of Entomology , University of California , Riverside , California , USA.
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Krieger
authors.affiliation: a risksciences.net LLC , Sacramento , California , USA.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ross
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004285:Dogs; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000009:adverse effects; D057805:Pets; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D011720:Pyrazoles; C082360:fipronil