title: Central European medicinal bryophytes in the 16th-century work by Caspar Schwenckfeld, and their ethnopharmacological origin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ubiquitous bryophyte species are reported from European, American and Asian ethnopharmacies. Some of their traditional medicinal uses are similar in distant and isolated cultures, and moreover, medicinal properties of some bryophytes are currently confirmed as justified by their chemical constituents. Aims of the work: we identify bryophytes listed in a medicinal and botanical work from 1600, and compare their medicinal applications (known in Europe between 1530-1600) with other ethnopharmacological data about these species and with modern pharmacological knowledge. This way we attempt to display origins of medicinal usage of bryophytes in Central Europe.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bryophyte species in bibliographical sources printed in Central Europe (starting from O. Brunfels' Herbarum vivae Eicones... Argentorati, 1530) were identified according to old and recent taxonomical references. Caspar Schwenckfeld's scientific output from 1600 was treated here as a summary of 16th-century knowledge about medicinal bryophytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Central European pharmacy about the year 1600 was familiar with the following bryophytes: Marchantia polymorpha L., Polytrichum commune Hedw., P. formosum Hedw. and Funaria hygrometrica Hedw.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Between 1530-1600 in Central Europe the number of medicinal bryophytes increased from 2 (Lichen sive Hepatica and Polytrichon) to 4. Pharmaceutical usage of them was similar as in other, distant ethnopharmacies. Further 2-4 mosses (Rhytidiadelphus loreus and Rh. squarrosus; Thuidium tamariscinum and Th. delicatulum) were recognised as non-medicinal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland. Electronic address: drobnik@onet.pl.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Drobnik
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland. Electronic address: adamstebel@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stebel
mesh_terms: D044002:Bryophyta; D020834:Ethnopharmacology / Q000266:history; D005060:Europe; D049669:History, 16th Century; D006801:Humans; D008519:Medicine, Traditional / Q000266:history*; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000266:history*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal
keywords: 16th century; Bryophytes; Central Europe; Flora; Medicine