title: Ancient Ethiopian genome reveals extensive Eurasian admixture throughout the African continent.
abstract: Characterizing genetic diversity in Africa is a crucial step for most analyses reconstructing the evolutionary history of anatomically modern humans. However, historic migrations from Eurasia into Africa have affected many contemporary populations, confounding inferences. Here, we present a 12.5× coverage ancient genome of an Ethiopian male ("Mota") who lived approximately 4500 years ago. We use this genome to demonstrate that the Eurasian backflow into Africa came from a population closely related to Early Neolithic farmers, who had colonized Europe 4000 years earlier. The extent of this backflow was much greater than previously reported, reaching all the way to Central, West, and Southern Africa, affecting even populations such as Yoruba and Mbuti, previously thought to be relatively unadmixed, who harbor 6 to 7% Eurasian ancestry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. mg632@cam.ac.uk joneser@tcd.ie ron.pinhasi@ucd.ie am315@cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gallego Llorente
authors.affiliation: Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. mg632@cam.ac.uk joneser@tcd.ie ron.pinhasi@ucd.ie am315@cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. Integrative Systems Biology Laboratory, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Siska
authors.affiliation: Department of Society, Culture, and Language, University of South Florida St. Petersburg, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Arthur
authors.affiliation: Department of Society, Culture, and Language, University of South Florida St. Petersburg, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Arthur
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Ventura College, 4667 Telegraph Road, Ventura, CA 93003, USA. Humanities and Social Sciences Program, UCLA Extension, University of California Los Angeles, 10995 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.affiliation: Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QG, UK.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Stock
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via di Laterina, 8-53100 Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coltorti
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via di Laterina, 8-53100 Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pieruccini
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Public Service Archaeology and Architecture Program, 109 Davenport Hall, 607 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stretton
authors.affiliation: Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK. Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Shrivenham, Oxon SN6 8LA, UK.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brock
authors.affiliation: Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higham
authors.affiliation: Theragen BiO Institute, 2nd Floor B-dong, AICT bldg, Iui-dong, Youngtong-gu, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty for Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknechtstraße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam Golm, Germany. Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hofreiter
authors.affiliation: Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.affiliation: The Genomics Institute, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bhak
authors.affiliation: School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. mg632@cam.ac.uk joneser@tcd.ie ron.pinhasi@ucd.ie am315@cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pinhasi
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. mg632@cam.ac.uk joneser@tcd.ie ron.pinhasi@ucd.ie am315@cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manica
mesh_terms: D001208:Asia; D005075:Biological Evolution; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics*; D005002:Ethiopia; D005060:Europe; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015894:Genome, Human; D063426:Human Migration; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male