title: HEMORRHAGIC RISK OF VITREORETINAL SURGERY IN PATIENTS MAINTAINED ON NOVEL ORAL ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the frequency and type of perioperative hemorrhagic complications associated with vitreoretinal surgery in patients undergoing systemic treatment with the newer anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents including rivaroxaban, apixaban, dabigatran, and prasugrel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of a cohort of patients being treated with anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs, who underwent any vitreoretinal surgical procedure over a 2-year period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-six eyes of 33 patients were identified who underwent vitreoretinal surgical operations while being treated systemically with anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy. No eyes suffered perioperative complications of retrobulbar hemorrhage, suprachoroidal hemorrhage, or subretinal hemorrhage. Four eyes (11.1%) experienced postoperative vitreous cavity hemorrhage after which two eyes (5.5%) required repeat surgical intervention and two eyes (5.5%) cleared spontaneously.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there is a relative risk to such surgery in patients who are taking novel oral anticoagulants, these findings suggest that patients may safely undergo vitreoretinal surgery while maintaining therapy with rivaroxaban, apixaban, dabigatran, and prasugrel.
authors.affiliation: The Retina Institute, St. Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: M Gilbert
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Grand
authors.forename: Harpreet S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Walia
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D057586:Vitreoretinal Surgery; D014823:Vitreous Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors