title: Medication-related problems in individuals with spinal cord injury in a primary care-based clinic.
abstract: To determine the frequency of medical problems, reason for referral/primary complaint, products used, medication-related problems, and polypharmacy in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) seen at an interprofessional primary care mobility clinic.
  
  
  
  Retrospective review of medical records of patients with SCI for patient visits between August 2012 and March 2013.
  
  
  
  Data were abstracted from medical records of patients with SCI.
  
  
  
  Of 74 patients who presented to the clinic, 19 had an SCI. Mean age was 46.7 years and 74% were male. Most frequent medical problems were depression/anxiety (37%), osteoporosis/osteopenia (26%), hypertension (21%), dyslipidemia (21%), and osteoarthritis (21%). Most common presenting complaints were pain (23%) and bowel/bladder issues (13%). Most common medication-related problems were untreated conditions (41%), ineffective medications (21%), adverse drug reactions (18%), and under- and over-dosage (each 9%). Patients with SCI most frequently used products to treat pain (68%), constipation (42%), muscle spasm (42%), hypertension (42%), and depression (37%). When including natural health products, vitamins and minerals, polypharmacy was seen in 74% of patients with SCI (63% when limited to prescription and over-the-counter medications). For patients with SCI in whose care a pharmacist collaborated, a mean of 3.2 medication-related problems per patient were identified compared with 1 per patient when the pharmacist was not involved.
  
  
  
  This study is the first to describe medication use, polypharmacy and medication-related problems in patients with SCI seen at an interprofessional primary care clinic. Use of high-risk medications, polypharmacy, and medication-related problems in patients with SCI suggest the need for collaborative interprofessional care that includes a pharmacist.
authors.affiliation: a University of Waterloo, School of Pharmacy , Waterloo , ON , Canada.|b The Centre for Family Medicine , Kitchener , ON , Canada.
authors.forename: Tejal
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: b The Centre for Family Medicine , Kitchener , ON , Canada.|c Department of Family Medicine , McMaster University , Hamilton , ON , Canada.
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Milligan
authors.affiliation: b The Centre for Family Medicine , Kitchener , ON , Canada.|c Department of Family Medicine , McMaster University , Hamilton , ON , Canada.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000592:standards; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D019338:Polypharmacy; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*
keywords: Adverse drug reaction; Drug side effects; Pharmacists; Polypharmacy; Spinal cord injury