title: Evaluation of the Early In Vivo Response of a Functionally Graded Macroporous Scaffold in an Osteochondral Defect in a Rabbit Model.
abstract: Cartilage tissue engineering is a multifactorial problem requiring a wide range of material property requirements from provision of biological cues to facilitation of mechanical support in load-bearing diarthrodial joints. The study aim was to design, fabricate and characterize a template to promote endogenous cell recruitment for enhanced cartilage repair. A polylactic acid poly-ε-caprolactone (PLCL) support structure was fabricated using laser micromachining technology and thermal crimping to create a functionally-graded open pore network scaffold with a compressive modulus of 9.98 ± 1.41 MPa and a compressive stress at 50% strain of 8.59 ± 1.35 MPa. In parallel, rabbit mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and their growth characteristics, morphology and multipotency confirmed. Sterilization had no effect on construct chemical structure and cellular compatibility was confirmed. After four weeks implantation in an osteochondral defect in a rabbit model to assess biocompatibility, there was no evidence of inflammation or giant cells. Moreover, acellular constructs performed better than cell-seeded constructs with endogenous progenitor cells homing through microtunnels, differentiating to form neo-cartilage and strengthening integration with native tissue. These results suggest, albeit at an early stage of repair, that by modulating the architecture of a macroporous scaffold, pre-seeding with MSCs is not necessary for hyaline cartilage repair.
authors.affiliation: Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), Biosciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.|Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Co. Westmeath, Ireland.
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Barron
authors.affiliation: Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), Biosciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neary
authors.affiliation: Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), Biosciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Khalid Merghani Salid
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), Biosciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ansboro
authors.affiliation: Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), Biosciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Georgina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), Biosciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: O'Malley
authors.affiliation: Proxy Biomedical Ltd., Coilleach, Spiddal, Co., Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Niall
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rooney
authors.affiliation: Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), Biosciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.affiliation: Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), Biosciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland. mary.murphy@nuigalway.ie.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D051457:Hyaline Cartilage / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D011817:Rabbits; D013977:Tibia / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D011091:Polyesters; C016240:polycaprolactone
keywords: Cartilage repair; Functionally graded; Integration; Neotissue formation; Polylactic acid-ε-polycaprolactone