title: Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Microalgae in Chronic Inflammation and Cancer.
abstract: The risk of onset of cancer is influenced by poorly controlled chronic inflammatory processes. Inflammatory diseases related to cancer development include inflammatory bowel disease, which can lead to colon cancer, or actinic keratosis, associated with chronic exposure to ultraviolet light, which can progress to squamous cell carcinoma. Chronic inflammatory states expose these patients to a number of signals with tumorigenic effects, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) activation, pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins release and ROS production. In addition, the participation of inflammasomes, autophagy and sirtuins has been demonstrated in pathological processes such as inflammation and cancer. Chemoprevention consists in the use of drugs, vitamins, or nutritional supplements to reduce the risk of developing or having a recurrence of cancer. Numerous in vitro and animal studies have established the potential colon and skin cancer chemopreventive properties of substances from marine environment, including microalgae species and their products (carotenoids, fatty acids, glycolipids, polysaccharides and proteins). This review summarizes the main mechanisms of actions of these compounds in the chemoprevention of these cancers. These actions include suppression of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, stimulation of antimetastatic and antiangiogenic responses and increased antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain. etalero@us.es.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Talero
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain. sgarma@us.es.
authors.forename: Sofía
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: García-Mauriño
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain. javieravila@us.es.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ávila-Román
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain. arodriguez53@us.es.
authors.forename: Azahara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Luna
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain. aalcaide@us.es.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alcaide
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain. motilva@us.es.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Motilva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D018890:Chemoprevention / Q000379:methods; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D058086:Microalgae / Q000737:chemistry*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants
keywords: chemoprevention; chronic inflammation; colon cancer; microalgae; skin cancer