title: Direct electrokinetic injection of inorganic cations from whole fruits and vegetables for capillary electrophoresis analysis.
abstract: A novel approach for the direct injection from plant tissues without any sample pre-treatment has been developed by simply placing a small piece of the tissue into a capillary electrophoresis vial followed by application of a voltage for electrokinetic injection. Separations of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium were achieved using a BGE comprising 10mM imidazole and 2.5mM 18-crown-6-ether at pH 4.5. The addition of 2% (m/v) hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose to the separation buffer allowed for precise and accurate electrokinetic injection of ions from the plant material by halting the movement of tissue fluid into the capillary. This method provides both qualitative and quantitative data of inorganic cations, with quantitation in zucchini, mushroom and apple samples in agreement with Sector Field Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometric analysis (r(2)=0.98, n=9). This method provides a new way for rapid, quantitative analysis by eliminating sample preparation procedures, and has great potential for a range of applications in plant science and food chemistry.
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia; Centre for Ecosystem Management, School of Natural Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, 6027, Australia.
authors.forename: Umme
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kalsoom
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), Private Bag 26, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
authors.forename: Rosanne M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Guijt
authors.affiliation: Centre for Ecosystem Management, School of Natural Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, 6027, Australia.
authors.forename: Mary C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Boyce
authors.affiliation: Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 74, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
authors.forename: Ashley T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.affiliation: VU University Amsterdam, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, AIMMS research group BioMolecular Analysis, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haselberg
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia. Electronic address: mcb@utas.edu.au.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Breadmore
mesh_terms: D000838:Anions; D002021:Buffers; D002412:Cations / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D002021:Buffers; D002412:Cations
keywords: Capillary electrophoresis; Direct injection; Electrokinetic injection; Plant tissue