title: Prophylactic Fresh Frozen Plasma Infusion is Ineffective in Reversing Warfarin Anticoagulation and Preventing Delayed Intracranial Hemorrhage After Falls.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elderly patients, with considerable fall risk, are increasingly anticoagulated to prevent thromboembolic disease. We hypothesized that a policy of prophylactic fresh frozen plasma (FFP) infusion in patients having falls would reverse vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) and that reversal would decrease delayed intracranial hemorrhage (ICH).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of patients with trauma admitted to a level 2 community trauma center was performed from January 2010 until November 2012. Inclusion criteria were: ground level fall (GLF) with suspected head trauma, on VKA, an international normalized ratio (INR) of >1.5, and a negative head computed tomography (CT). Patients were transfused with FFP to a goal INR of <1.5 while observed. Patients were classified as reversed (REV) if the lowest INR achieved within 4 to 24 hours after initial INR was <1.5 or unreversed (NREV) if lowest INR achieved was >1.5. Chi-square and logistic regression were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 194 patients met the criteria. In all, 43 (22%) patients were able to be REV, and 151 (78%) patients remained NREV. Unreversed patients were male and younger (P < .05). There was no difference in mean FFP received. Unreversed patients had a higher initial INR of 3.0 compared to REV patients (2.5; P = .018). One patient developed a delayed ICH and belonged to the REV group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of delayed hemorrhage was 0.5%. A strategy of prophylactic FFP infusion was ineffective in VKA reversal. We recommend against prophylactic infusion of FFP during a period of observation for patients on VKA with suspected head trauma and a negative initial CT.
authors.affiliation: Trauma Service, Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Subhash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Trauma Service, Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Trauma Service, Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grotts
authors.affiliation: Trauma Service, Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferrigno
authors.affiliation: Trauma Service, Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaminski
keywords: anticoagulation; brain hemorrhage; elderly; fall; nervous system; trauma; traumatic; warfarin