title: INTERPRETATION AND PERCEPTION OF TWO DIFFERENT KUMITE FIGHTING INTENSITIES THROUGH AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TRAINING IN INTERNATIONAL LEVEL KARATEKAS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY.
abstract: "Small sided games," used effectively in many team sports as a form of training, can be mimicked in combat sports by fighting at different subjective intensities, based on adjectives proposed by coaches. This approach could aim at improving aerobic performance by using specific techniques. Nevertheless, an adequate perception of intensity is crucial. The aim of the study was to verify the ability of karatekas to interpret and perceive two different intensities during this integrated approach. Ten international level karatekas (M age = 18 yr., SD = 3, range = 16-25) were asked to fight four matches (2 min. each) either at low or highest intensity. Physiological (heart rate, blood lactate) and perceptual (perceived effort) responses were different between intensities. However, physiological responses at low intensity were higher than expected and did not match effort perception. This could be attributable to the presence of an opponent, which probably raised the level of effort through a competitive component. At the highest intensity, physiological responses were similar to official competitions and other specific training protocols, whereas perceptual responses were higher than values found in literature.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Pietro Luigi
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Invernizzi
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Marica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bizzi
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.|3 O.U. Endocrinology IRCCS Policlinico San Donato Milanese (MI), Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benedini
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.|5 Center of Sports Medicine, Don C. Gnocchi Foundation, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Giampiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Merati
authors.affiliation: 6 Human Performance Laboratory, Mapeisport Research Centre, Olgiate Olona (VA), Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bosio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D003163:Competitive Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D016139:Martial Arts / Q000193:education* / Q000502:physiology*; D010465:Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000379:methods*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid