title: Conicity Index and Waist-to-Hip Ratio Are Superior Obesity Indices in Predicting 10-Year Cardiovascular Risk Among Men and Women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Central obesity has been recognized as a main risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) events. Three popular central obesity indices are waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio; abdominal volume index and conicity index are 2 recent novel obesity indices. The main aim of this study is to determine the performance of these indices to best predict 10-year CV events.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Some obesity indices can be used to predict cardiovascular risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 3199 subjects (age range, 40-79 years) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association and Framingham risk score tools were used to estimate the 10-year CV events. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the optimal discriminator(s) among the central obesity measures in the estimation of a 10-year risk of CV events ≥7.5%, ≥10%, and ≥20% separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 5 central obesity indices, conicity index showed the most discriminatory power in estimation of a 10-year CV risk. In men, based on the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association tool, the areas under the curve (AUCs) were from 0.671 to 0.682 based on the 3 above thresholds, whereas with the Framingham tool, AUCs were from 0.651 to 0.659. In women, all AUCs were >0.7. Our results also showed WHR to be an almost comparable discriminator of CV disease risk in the Iranian study population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conicity index and WHR had a more discriminatory accuracy for 10-year CV events compared with the other obesity indices.
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Nima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Motamed
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Kingston, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Dhaya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Perumal
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farhad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zamani
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Kingston, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ashrafi
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haghjoo
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Saeedian
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mansooreh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
authors.forename: Haleh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akhavan-Niaki
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Behnam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rabiee
authors.affiliation: Pasteur Institute of Iran, North Research Center, Amol, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asouri
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio