title: Arsenic accumulation in Brassicaceae seedlings and its effects on growth and plant anatomy.
abstract: We wished to evaluate the effects of arsenic on the morphology and anatomy of Brassica oleracea, Raphanus sativus, Brassica juncea, Brassica oleracea var. capitata and Brassica oleracea var. italica. Seeds were subjected to concentrations 0µM, 250µM, 350µM and 450µM arsenic in the form of sodium arsenate (Na2HAsO4·7H2O) during 12 days. All species accumulated more arsenic in the roots than in the shoots, except for B. oleracea var. capitata. There was no difference of translocation factor between species and treatments. Growth decrease was observed in roots of B. oleracea and R. sativus, and in shoots of R. sativus and B. oleracea var. italica. All species presented anatomical alterations in the roots, such as: cell hypertrophy, protoplast retraction, cellular plasmolysis, and necrotic regions. B. juncea presented collapse and hypertrophy of cells from the leaf blade tissues. Quantitative anatomical analyses performed on the root and leaves of B. oleracea and B. juncea revealed that arsenic interfered on the root vascular cylinder diameter and on height of epidermal cells of the adaxial leaf surface of both species. We concluded that arsenic was absorbed from the culture medium and induced alterations both on root and shoot growth of the seedlings. Retention of arsenic within the root was responsible for major damage in this organ.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Larisse
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Freitas-Silva
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Talita Oliveira
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: de Araújo
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: luzimar@ufv.br.
authors.forename: Luzimar Campos
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juraci Alves
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Marcos
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: de Araujo
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity*; D009149:Mustard Plant / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001151:Arsenic
keywords: Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.; Brassica oleracea L.; Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.; Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck; Light microscopy; Raphanus sativus L.