title: Effects of Dexamethasone and Insulin Alone or in Combination on Energy and Protein Metabolism Indicators and Milk Production in Dairy Cows in Early Lactation - A Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effects of dexamethasone and insulin, when administered at 3rd or 10th day of lactation on energy and protein metabolism in dairy cows.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred Holstein cows were enrolled in a randomized controlled clinical trial. The cows were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 4 treatments at 3 or 10 days in milk: control group, 10-mL i.m. injection of sterile water, group insulin, s.c. injection of 100 units of insulin, group dexamethasone, i.m. injection of 20 mg of dexamethasone, group insulin plus dexamethasone, i.m. injection of 20 mg of dexamethasone and 100 units of insulin. The cows randomly assigned to receive the treatments on 3 or 10 days of lactation. Serum samples obtained at the time of enrollment, time of treatment and at 2, 4, 7 and 14 days after intervention. The sera were analyzed for β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), glucose, cholesterol, albumin, urea, and aspartate amino transferase (AST). Data were analyzed using a repeated measures mixed model that accounted for the effects of parity, body condition score, dystocia, retained placenta, metritis and the random effect of cow.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant interaction of group of treatment and time of intervention (day 3 or 10 post-partum) on serum components. Cows that received insulin or dexamethasone alone or in combination, had lower BHBA 2 days after treatment compared with control cows, whereas concentrations of NEFA, were unaffected suggesting that glucocorticoids lipolytic effects do not appear to be important in healthy cows. AST activities significantly reduced in cows that received dexamethasone with or without insulin at 2 and 4 days after treatment. Albumin and urea concentrations 2 days after treatment were higher for cows that received dexamethasone only or dexamethasone plus insulin compared with control and Ins received cows. There were no treatment effects on test-day milk production, milk fat and protein percentages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggested that administration of glucocorticoids in early lactation resulted in short-term improvement of metabolism in postpartum dairy cows in biochemical terms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box 91775-1793, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehrdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sami
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box 91775-1793, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehrdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohri
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box 91775-1793, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Hesam A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Seifi
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D002417:Cattle; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects*; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000187:drug effects; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism*; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D011506:Proteins; D003907:Dexamethasone; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid