title: Screens versus microarrays for ruggedized retarding potential analyzers.
abstract: An array of highly miniaturized electrostatic lenses is shown to be a viable replacement for meshes or screens in a retarding potential analyzer (RPA) where mechanical ruggedness or the ability to intercept large currents of energetic particles is desirable. Data from a prototype device are presented cross-calibrated with a traditional planar RPA indicating how the so-called microarray configuration avoids energy-dependent transparency (either reduced or enhanced) associated with meshes or screens while providing accurate energy analysis with reasonable energy resolution. In contrast, another ruggedized configuration employing a screen is presented, showing the severity of energy-dependent enhanced transparency, verified by numerical simulation.
authors.affiliation: United States Air Force Academy, Colorado 80840, USA.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Enloe
authors.affiliation: United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Amatucci
authors.affiliation: United States Air Force Academy, Colorado 80840, USA.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: McHarg
authors.affiliation: United States Air Force Academy, Colorado 80840, USA.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Balthazor