title: Dynamic FDG-PET Imaging to Differentiate Malignancies from Inflammation in Subcutaneous and In Situ Mouse Model for Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) has been widely used in oncologic procedures such as tumor diagnosis and staging. However, false-positive rates have been high, unacceptable and mainly caused by inflammatory lesions. Misinterpretations take place especially when non-subcutaneous inflammations appear at the tumor site, for instance in the lung. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the use of dynamic PET imaging procedure to differentiate in situ and subcutaneous non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) from inflammation, and estimate the kinetics of inflammations in various locations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dynamic FDG-PET was performed on 33 female mice inoculated with tumor and/or inflammation subcutaneously or inside the lung. Standardized Uptake Values (SUVs) from static imaging (SUVmax) as well as values of influx rate constant (Ki) of compartmental modeling from dynamic imaging were obtained. Static and kinetic data from different lesions (tumor and inflammations) or different locations (subcutaneous, in situ and spontaneous group) were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Values of SUVmax showed significant difference in subcutaneous tumor and inflammation (p<0.01), and in inflammations from different locations (p<0.005). However, SUVmax showed no statistical difference between in situ tumor and inflammation (p = 1.0) and among tumors from different locations (subcutaneous and in situ, p = 0.91). Values of Ki calculated from compartmental modeling showed significant difference between tumor and inflammation both subcutaneously (p<0.005) and orthotopically (p<0.01). Ki showed also location specific values for inflammations (subcutaneous, in situ and spontaneous, p<0.015). However, Ki of tumors from different locations (subcutaneous and in situ) showed no significant difference (p = 0.46).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to static PET based SUVmax, both subcutaneous and in situ inflammations and malignancies can be differentiated via dynamic FDG-PET based Ki. Moreover, Values of influx rate constant Ki from compartmental modeling can offer an assessment for inflammations at different locations of the body, which also implies further validation is necessary before the replacement of in situ inflammation with its subcutaneous counterpart in animal experiments.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yunlong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zan
authors.affiliation: Department Automation, School of Electrical and Information, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Xiujuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wangxi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hai
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kewei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qiu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yuhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jinliang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D007249:Inflammation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007700:Kinetics; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18