title: Biodegradation and detoxification of textile dye Disperse Red 54 by Brevibacillus laterosporus and determination of its metabolic fate.
abstract: Bioremediation is one of the milestones achieved by the biotechnological innovations. It is generating superior results in waste management such as removal of textile dyes, which are considered xenobiotic compounds and recalcitrant to biodegradation. In the present bioremedial approach, Brevibacillus laterosporus was used as an effective microbial tool to decolorize disperse dye Disperse Red 54 (DR54). Under optimized conditions (pH 7, 40°C), B. laterosporus led to 100% decolorization of DR54 (at 50 mg L(-1)) within 48 h. Yeast extract and peptone, supplemented in medium enhanced the decolorization efficiency of the bacterium. During the decolorization process, activities of enzymes responsible for decolorization, such as tyrosinase, veratryl alcohol oxidase and NADH--DCIP reductase were induced by 1.32-, 1.51- and 4.37-fold, respectively. The completely different chromatographic/spectroscopic spectrum of metabolites obtained after decolorization confirmed the biodegradation of DR54 as showed by High pressure liquid chromatography, High pressure thin layer chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy studies suggested the parent dye was biodegraded into simple final product, N-(1λ(3)-chlorinin-2-yl)acetamide. Phytotoxicity study suggested that the metabolites obtained after biodegradation of DR54 were non-toxic as compared to the untreated dye signifying the detoxification of the DR54 by B. laterosporus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Hangdang dong Sungdong Gu, Seoul 133-791, South Korea; Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur 416004, MS, India.
authors.forename: Mayur B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Kurade
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur 416004, MS, India; Department of Applied Life Chemistry, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-dong, Jinju 660-071, South Korea.
authors.forename: Tatoba R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Waghmode
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur 416004, MS, India.
authors.forename: Rahul V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Khandare
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Hangdang dong Sungdong Gu, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.
authors.forename: Byong-Hun
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur 416004, MS, India. Electronic address: spg_biochem@unishivaji.ac.in.
authors.forename: Sanjay P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Govindwar
mesh_terms: D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D058675:Brevibacillus / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity*; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D011808:Quinone Reductases / Q000378:metabolism; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D013784:Textiles; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; C096308:disperse red 54; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; C019643:alcohol oxidase; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D011808:Quinone Reductases; C033633:dichlorophenolindophenol reductase
keywords: Biodegradation; Bioremediation; Decolorization; Detoxification; High pressure thin layer chromatography