title: Potential of copper-tolerant grasses to implement phytostabilisation strategies on polluted soils in South D. R. Congo : Poaceae candidates for phytostabilisation.
abstract: Phytostabilisation (i.e. using plants to immobilise contaminants) represents a well-known technology to hamper heavy metal spread across landscapes. Southeastern D.R. Congo, Microchloa altera, a tolerant grass from the copper hills, was recently identified as a candidate species to stabilise copper in the soil. More than 50 grasses compose this flora, which may be studied to implement phytostabilisation strategies. However, little is known about their phenology, tolerance, reproductive strategy or demography. The present study aims to characterize the Poaceae that may be used in phytostabilisation purposes based on the following criteria: their ecological distribution, seed production at two times, abundance, soil coverage and the germination percentage of their seeds. We selected seven perennial Poaceae that occur on the copper hills. Their ecological distributions (i.e. species response curves) have been modelled along copper or cobalt gradients with generalised additive models using logic link based on 172 presence-absence samples on three sites. For other variables, a total of 69 quadrats (1 m(2)) were randomly placed across three sites and habitats. For each species, we compared the number of inflorescence-bearing stems (IBS) by plot, the percentage of cover, the number of seeds by IBS and the estimated number of seeds by plot between sites and habitat. Three species (Andropogon schirensis, Eragrostis racemosa and Loudetia simplex) were very interesting for phytostabilisation programs. They produced a large quantity of seeds and had the highest percentage of cover. However, A. schirensis and L. simplex presented significant variations in the number of seeds and the percentage of cover according to site.
authors.affiliation: BIOSE-Biosystem Engineering Department, Biodiversity and Landscape Unit, University of Liege, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, 2 Passage des Déportés, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium. sylvain.boisson@ulg.ac.be.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boisson
authors.affiliation: BIOSE-Biosystem Engineering Department, Biodiversity and Landscape Unit, University of Liege, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, 2 Passage des Déportés, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium.
authors.forename: Soizig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Le Stradic
authors.affiliation: BIOSE-Biosystem Engineering Department, Biodiversity and Landscape Unit, University of Liege, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, 2 Passage des Déportés, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Collignon
authors.affiliation: BIOSE-Biosystem Engineering Department, Biodiversity and Landscape Unit, University of Liege, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, 2 Passage des Déportés, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium.
authors.forename: Maxime
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Séleck
authors.affiliation: BIOSE-Biosystem Engineering Department, Biodiversity and Landscape Unit, University of Liege, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, 2 Passage des Déportés, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Malaisse
authors.affiliation: Ecology, Restoration Ecology and Landscape Research Unit, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Lubumbashi, Route Kasapa. Campus Universitaire, Lubumbashi, 1825, Democratic Republic of Congo.
authors.forename: Mylor
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ngoy Shutcha
authors.affiliation: Hydrogeochimical Interactions Soil-Environment (HydrISE) Unit, Polytechnic Institute LaSalle Beauvais (ISAB-IGAL), 15 rue Pierre Waguet, Beauvais, 60026, France.
authors.forename: Michel-Pierre
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Faucon
authors.affiliation: BIOSE-Biosystem Engineering Department, Biodiversity and Landscape Unit, University of Liege, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, 2 Passage des Déportés, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium.
authors.forename: Grégory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mahy
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism*; D015023:Democratic Republic of the Congo; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D008954:Models, Biological; D006109:Poaceae / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D012989:Soil Pollutants; D003300:Copper
keywords: Cobalt; Copper; Cover; Generalised additive model; Poaceae; Seed production; Species response curve