title: Pathogen Virulence Impedes Mutualist-Mediated Enhancement of Host Juvenile Growth via Inhibition of Protein Digestion.
abstract: The microbial environment impacts many aspects of metazoan physiology through largely undefined molecular mechanisms. The commensal strain Lactobacillus plantarum(WJL) (Lp(WJL)) sustains Drosophila hormonal signals that coordinate systemic growth and maturation of the fly. Here we examine the underlying mechanisms driving these processes and show that Lp(WJL) promotes intestinal peptidase expression, leading to increased intestinal proteolytic activity, enhanced dietary protein digestion, and increased host amino acid levels. Lp(WJL)-mediated peptidase upregulation is partly driven by the peptidoglycan recognition and signaling cascade PGRP-LE/Imd/Relish. Additionally, this mutualist-mediated physiological benefit is antagonized upon pathogen infection. Pathogen virulence selectively impedes Lp(WJL)-mediated intestinal peptidase activity enhancement and juvenile growth promotion but does not alter growth of germ-free animals. Our study reveals the adaptability of host physiology to the microbial environment, whereby upon acute infection the host switches to pathogen-mediated host immune defense at the expense of mutualist-mediated growth promotion.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5242, 69364 Lyon, Cedex 07, France.
authors.forename: Berra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Erkosar
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5242, 69364 Lyon, Cedex 07, France.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Storelli
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5242, 69364 Lyon, Cedex 07, France.
authors.forename: Mélanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5242, 69364 Lyon, Cedex 07, France.
authors.forename: Loan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bozonnet
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5242, 69364 Lyon, Cedex 07, France.
authors.forename: Noémie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bozonnet
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5242, 69364 Lyon, Cedex 07, France. Electronic address: francois.leulier@ens-lyon.fr.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leulier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000898:Antibiosis; D004330:Drosophila / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000382:microbiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D048191:Lactiplantibacillus plantarum / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology*; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D059748:Proteolysis; D013559:Symbiosis; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D010447:Peptide Hydrolases