title: The temperament and character personality profile of the glaucoma patient.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine the temperament and character profile of glaucoma patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 234 patients (104 with primary open angle glaucoma, and 130 control subjects without any ocular disease) were selected for this prospective, cross-sectional study. All the participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination, including the best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure measurement, gonioscopy, and visual field analysis. All the participants were given the Turkish version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). The TCI is a self-reported evaluate, with 240 true/false items measuring four domains of temperament; harm avoidance (HA), persistence (PS), novelty seeking (NS), reward dependence (RD), and three domains of character; self-transcendence (ST), cooperativeness (C), self-directedness (SD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The glaucoma patients achieved the higher scores than the controls for the HA and SD dimensions (p < 0.001 and p = 0.033). The glaucoma patients scored lower than the controls for the NS, P and ST dimensions (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p = 0.002). There were no differences in the RD and C scores between the patients and the controls (p = 0.944 and p = 0.343). There was no correlation between the duration of illness and the TCI dimensions. Disease severity was positively associated with HA (r = 0,220, p = 0,025) and the anticipatory worry (r = 0.227, p = 0.021) dimension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glaucoma patients had a different personality profile to healthy individuals. This may affect treatment compliance and is also important when coping with maladaptive patient attitudes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Adnan Menderes University Medical Faculty, Merkez Kampus Kepez Mevkii, 09100, Aytepe, Aydın, Turkey. dharuncakmak@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Harun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Çakmak
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Adnan Menderes University Medical Faculty, Merkez Kampus Kepez Mevkii, 09100, Aytepe, Aydın, Turkey. valtinyazar2000@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Vesile
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Altinyazar
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Ege University Medical Faculty, Ege Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, 35040, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey. suzan2003@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Suzan Güven
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistic, Adnan Menderes University Medical Faculty, Merkez Kampus Kepez Mevkii, 09100, Aytepe, Aydın, Turkey. imrankurt@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: İmran Kurt
authors.initials: İK
authors.lastname: Ömürlü
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Adnan Menderes University Medical Faculty, Merkez Kampus Kepez Mevkii, 09100, Aytepe, Aydın, Turkey. tolgakocaturk@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tolga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kocatürk
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Balıkesir University Medical Faculty, Usak yolu uzeri Cagis yerleskesi, 10145, Balikesir, Turkey. lpryzc@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yazici
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Ege University Medical Faculty, Ege Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, 35040, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey. cumalidegirmenci@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Cumali
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Değirmenci
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Adnan Menderes University Medical Faculty, Merkez Kampus Kepez Mevkii, 09100, Aytepe, Aydın, Turkey. orucs@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sema Oruç
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Dündar
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Ege University Medical Faculty, Ege Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, 35040, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey. ateshalil@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Halil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ates
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002605:Character; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008875:Middle Aged; D010552:Personality Assessment; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013694:Temperament; D014792:Visual Acuity