title: Robotic versus conventional laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Robotic surgery (RS) overcomes the limitations of previous conventional laparoscopic surgery (CLS). Although meta-analyses have been published recently, our study evaluated the latest comparative surgical, urologic, and sexual results for rectal cancer and compares RS with CLS in patients with rectal cancer only.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched three foreign databases (Ovid-MEDLINE, Ovid-Embase, and Cochrane Library) and five Korean databases (KoreaMed, KMbase, KISS, RISS, and KisTi) during July 2013. The Cochrane Risk of Bias and the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized were utilized to evaluate quality of study. Dichotomous variables were pooled using the risk ratio (RR), and continuous variables were pooled using the mean difference (MD). All meta-analyses were conducted with Review Manager, V. 5.3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen studies involving 2,224 patients were included. RS was associated with a lower rate of intraoperative conversion than that of CLS (RR, 0.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15-0.54). Time to first flatus was short (MD, -0.13; 95% CI, -0.25 to -0.01). Operating time was longer for RS than that for CLS (MD, 49.97; 95% CI, 20.43-79.52, I(2) = 97%). International Prostate Symptom Score scores at 3 months better RS than CLS (MD, -2.90; 95% CI, -5.31 to -0.48, I(2) = 0%). International Index of Erectile Function scores showed better improvement at 3 months (MD, -2.82; 95% CI, -4.78 to -0.87, I(2) = 37%) and 6 months (MD, -2.15; 95% CI, -4.08 to -0.22, I(2) = 0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RS appears to be an effective alternative to CLS with a lower conversion rate to open surgery, a shorter time to first flatus and better recovery in voiding and sexual function. RS could enhance postoperative recovery in patients with rectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Seon Heui
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sungwon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kil Yeon
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Rectal neoplasms; Robotic surgical procedures