title: The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB): Co-norming and standardization in China.
abstract: MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), packaging 10 tests selected from more than 90 nominated tests, is a method developed by the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) group to evaluate the efficacy of treatments targeting cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. MCCB had been translated into a number of languages, but only the US and Spain had normative data reported. Inconsistency in translation and cultural differences make direct application of MCCB in China problematic. In this study, we administered the battery to a representative community sample based on Chinese population census in 2005 and obtained normative data. The effects of age, gender, education level, and scale of residence area on test performance were examined. The sample included 656 healthy volunteers from six sites in China. At each site, sample was stratified according to age, gender, and educational level, and scale of the area one was born in, grew up in and currently living in was recorded. We found age, gender, and education had significant effects on the normative data for MCCB in China, which are comparable to those found for the original standardized English version in the U.S. and the Spanish version in Spain. Remarkably, the residence scale effects on neuropsychological performance were significant, which should be taking into account when calculating the standardized T score for each subject. The practice effects were minor and test-retest reliability of MCCB was good, which suggests MCCB as an appropriate measure for clinical and research usage in China.
authors.affiliation: Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital) Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital) Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: The Medical Psychological Research Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Shuqiao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital) Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yibin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital) Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital) Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital) Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yifeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Xian Mental Health Center, New Qujiang District, Xian, Shanxi, China.
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Xiufeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: The First Haerbin Psychiatric Hospital, Haerbin, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Congpei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Franklin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Heaton
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA. Electronic address: hjin@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital) Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China. Electronic address: yuxin@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology; D002681:China; D003071:Cognition; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012424:Rural Population; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cognition; MATRICS; MCCB; Schizophrenia