title: EEG Topographic Mapping of Visual and Kinesthetic Imagery in Swimmers.
abstract: This study investigated differences in QEEG measures between kinesthetic and visual imagery of a 100-m swim in 36 elite competitive swimmers. Background information and post-trial checks controlled for the modality of imagery, swimming skill level, preferred imagery style, intensity of image and task equality. Measures of EEG relative magnitude in theta, low (7-9 Hz) and high alpha (8-10 Hz), and low and high beta were taken from 19 scalp sites during baseline, visual, and kinesthetic imagery. QEEG magnitudes in the low alpha band during the visual and kinesthetic conditions were attenuated from baseline in low band alpha but no changes were seen in any other bands. Swimmers produced more low alpha EEG magnitude during visual versus kinesthetic imagery. This was interpreted as the swimmers having a greater efficiency at producing visual imagery. Participants who reported a strong intensity versus a weaker feeling of the image (kinesthetic) had less low alpha magnitude, i.e., there was use of more cortical resources, but not for the visual condition. These data suggest that low band (7-9 Hz) alpha distinguishes imagery modalities from baseline, visual imagery requires less cortical resources than kinesthetic imagery, and that intense feelings of swimming requires more brain activity than less intense feelings.
authors.affiliation: York University, 72 University Ave W., Guelph, ON, N1G 1N7, Canada. viettaw@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, Bellingham, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dikman
authors.affiliation: University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Bird
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harmison
authors.affiliation: United States Olympic Center, Colorado Springs, CO, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shaw-Thornton
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination / Q000502:physiology*; D007699:Kinesthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Alpha; EEG; Imagery; Kinesthetic; Visual