title: Sources and potential health risk of gas phase PAHs in Hexi Corridor, Northwest China.
abstract: Gas phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Hexi Corridor, Northwest China were determined during heating and non-heating seasons, respectively, using passive air samplers. Polyurethane foam (PUF) disks were chosen as the sampling medium. Fifteen PAHs out of the 16 PAHs classified by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) were detected in this field sampling investigation. The atmospheric levels of sampled PAHs were higher at urban sites than that at rural sites among 14 sampling sites and increased during heating season. The highest concentration (11.34 ng m(-3)) was observed in Lanzhou during the heating season, the capital and largest industrial city of Gansu Province. PAH contamination in air was dominated by three aromatic ring congeners. Possible sources of PAHs were apportioned using PAH species ratios and the principle component analysis (PCA) combined with a multiple linear regression (MLR) method. Fossil fuel consumption was identified to be the predominant source of PAHs over Hexi Corridor, accounting for 43 % of the concentration of total (15) PAHs. Backward and forward trajectory and cluster analysis were also carried out to identify potential origins of PAHs monitored at several urban and rural sites. Lung cancer risk of local residents to gas phase PAHs via inhalation exposure throughout the province was found to be around a critical value of the lung cancer risk level at 10(-6) recommended by the U.S. EPA risk assessment guideline.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Lanzhou Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
authors.forename: Zhousuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
authors.forename: Zhongyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China. jianminma@lzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
authors.forename: Gan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China. honggao@lzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005740:Gases; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012621:Seasons; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005740:Gases; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
keywords: Gas phase; Inhalation lung cancer risk; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Sources; Trajectory analysis