title: Dose Calibrator Linearity Testing: Radioisotope (99m)Tc or (18)F? An Alternative for Reducing Costs in Nuclear Medicine Quality Control.
abstract: Dose calibrator linearity testing is indispensable for evaluating the capacity of this equipment in measuring radioisotope activities at different magnitudes, a fundamental aspect of the daily routine of a nuclear medicine department, and with an impact on patient exposure. The main aims of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of substituting the radioisotope Fluorine-18 ((18)F) with Technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) in this test, and to indicate it with the lowest operational cost. The test was applied with sources of (99m)Tc (62 GBq) and (18)F (12 GBq), the activities of which were measured at different times, with the equipment preadjusted to measuring sources of (99m)Tc, (18)F, Gallium-67 ((67)Ga), and Iodine-131 ((131)I). Over time, the average deviation between measured and expected activities from (99m)Tc and (18)F were, respectively, 0.56 (±1.79)% and 0.92 (±1.19)%. The average ratios for 99(m)Tc source experimental activity, when measured with the equipment adjusted for measuring (18)F, (67)Ga, and (131)I sources, in real values, were, respectively, 3.42 (±0.06), 1.45 (±0.03), and 1.13 (±0.02), and those for the (18)F source experimental activity, measured through adjustments of (99m)Tc, (67)Ga, and (131)I, were, respectively, 0.295 (±0.004), 0.335 (±0.007), and 0.426 (±0.006). The adjustment of a simple exponential function for describing (99m)Tc and (18)F experimental activities facilitated the calculation of the physical half-lives of the radioisotopes, with a difference of about 1% in relation to the values described in the literature. Linearity test results, when using (99m)Tc, through being compatible with those acquired with (18)F, imply the possibility of using both radioisotopes during linearity testing. Nevertheless, this information, along with the high potential of exposure and the high cost of (18)F, implies that (99m)Tc should preferably be employed for linearity testing in clinics that normally use (18)F, without the risk of prejudicing either the procedure itself or the guarantee of a high-quality nuclear medicine service.
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Service, Cancer Institute of São Paulo State, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil ; Nuclear Medicine Service, Institute of Radiology, Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Willegaignon
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Service, Cancer Institute of São Paulo State, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil ; Nuclear Medicine Service, Institute of Radiology, Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Sapienza
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Service, Cancer Institute of São Paulo State, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil ; Nuclear Medicine Service, Institute of Radiology, Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: George Barberio
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Coura-Filho
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Service, Cancer Institute of São Paulo State, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil ; Nuclear Medicine Service, Institute of Radiology, Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Garcez
authors.affiliation: National Commission on Nuclear Energy (CNEN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: National Commission on Nuclear Energy (CNEN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marissa R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Cardona
authors.affiliation: National Commission on Nuclear Energy (CNEN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Gutterres
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Service, Cancer Institute of São Paulo State, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil ; Nuclear Medicine Service, Institute of Radiology, Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Buchpiguel
keywords: Dose calibrator; linearity test; nuclear instrumentation; nuclear medicine