title: Association of ST elevation with apical aneurysm in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Apical aneurysms in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) represent an underrecognized but clinically important subset of HCM patients. However it may be frequently missed by echocardiography because of poor image quality of left ventricular apex. We aimed to compare electrocardiographic STE in HCM patients with and without apical aneurysm.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed this clinical review using an extensive MEDLINE review of the literature and data from our laboratories; and some electrocardiographic parameters including STE were analysed in HCM patients with and without apical aneurysm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 29 HCM patients without apical aneurysm (Group 1; 52.6±17.7years, 69% male) and 28 HCM patients with apical aneurysm (Group 2; 59.6±13.2years, 57% male). The STE in V4-6 derivations were statistically more frequent in patients with apical aneurysm compared to those without aneurysm (93% vs 7%, p<0.001). There was a positive correlation between the presence of the STE in V4-6 derivations and the presence of the apical aneurysm (Spearman's ρ=0.895, p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinicians and specifically echocardiographers must pay special attention on the electrocardiography to correctly detect the frequently overlooked apical aneurysm in HCM patients, and should be careful for apical aneurysm particularly in the presence of STE in V4-6 derivations.
authors.affiliation: Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: ozcanozeke@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ozcan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozeke
authors.affiliation: Acibadem University, Department of Cardiology, Eskisehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cagatay
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ertan
authors.affiliation: Acibadem University, Department of Cardiology, Eskisehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gokhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Keskin
authors.affiliation: Medicana Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Deveci
authors.affiliation: Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cay
authors.affiliation: Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fırat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ozcan
authors.affiliation: Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Topaloglu
authors.affiliation: Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Dursun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aras
authors.affiliation: Acibadem University, Department of Cardiology, Eskisehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet Duran
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.affiliation: Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sinan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aydogdu
mesh_terms: D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000150:complications; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006322:Heart Aneurysm / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Apical aneurysm; Hypertophic cardiomyopathy; ST elevation