title: Microwave-assisted fibrous decoration of mPE surface utilizing Aloe vera extract for tissue engineering applications.
abstract: Developing multifaceted, biocompatible, artificial implants for tissue engineering is a growing field of research. In recent times, several works have been reported about the utilization of biomolecules in combination with synthetic materials to achieve this process. Accordingly, in this study, the ability of an extract obtained from Aloe vera, a commonly used medicinal plant in influencing the biocompatibility of artificial material, is scrutinized using metallocene polyethylene (mPE). The process of coating dense fibrous Aloe vera extract on the surface of mPE was carried out using microwaves. Then, several physicochemical and blood compatibility characterization experiments were performed to disclose the effects of corresponding surface modification. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum showed characteristic vibrations of several active constituents available in Aloe vera and exhibited peak shifts at far infrared regions due to aloe-based mineral deposition. Meanwhile, the contact angle analysis demonstrated a drastic increase in wettability of coated samples, which confirmed the presence of active components on glazed mPE surface. Moreover, the bio-mimic structure of Aloe vera fibers and the influence of microwaves in enhancing the coating characteristics were also meticulously displayed through scanning electron microscopy micrographs and Hirox 3D images. The existence of nanoscale roughness was interpreted through high-resolution profiles obtained from atomic force microscopy. And the extent of variations in irregularities was delineated by measuring average roughness. Aloe vera-induced enrichment in the hemocompatible properties of mPE was established by carrying out in vitro tests such as activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, platelet adhesion, and hemolysis assay. In conclusion, the Aloe vera-glazed mPE substrate was inferred to attain desirable properties required for multifaceted biomedical implants.
authors.affiliation: Institut Jantung Negara-Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Arunpandian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balaji
authors.affiliation: Institut Jantung Negara-Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Saravana Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jaganathan
authors.affiliation: Institut Jantung Negara-Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Eko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Supriyanto
authors.affiliation: Institut Jantung Negara-Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ida Idayu
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Muhamad
authors.affiliation: Institut Jantung Negara-Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ahmad Zahran Md
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Khudzari
mesh_terms: D000504:Aloe / Q000737:chemistry*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008872:Microwaves; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D010973:Platelet Adhesiveness / Q000187:drug effects; D020959:Polyethylene / Q000737:chemistry*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011517:Prothrombin Time; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D017155:Wettability
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D010936:Plant Extracts; C013108:metallocene; D020959:Polyethylene
keywords: Metallocene polyethylene; blood compatibility; fibrous coating; physicochemical properties