title: Quantitative 3D analysis of bone in hip osteoarthritis using clinical computed tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the relationship between proximal femoral cortical bone thickness and radiological hip osteoarthritis using quantitative 3D analysis of clinical computed tomography (CT) data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Image analysis was performed on clinical CT imaging data from 203 female volunteers with a technique called cortical bone mapping (CBM). Colour thickness maps were created for each proximal femur. Statistical parametric mapping was performed to identify statistically significant differences in cortical bone thickness that corresponded with the severity of radiological hip osteoarthritis. Kellgren and Lawrence (K&L) grade, minimum joint space width (JSW) and a novel CT-based osteophyte score were also blindly assessed from the CT data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For each increase in K&L grade, cortical thickness increased by up to 25 % in distinct areas of the superolateral femoral head-neck junction and superior subchondral bone plate. For increasing severity of CT osteophytes, the increase in cortical thickness was more circumferential, involving a wider portion of the head-neck junction, with up to a 7 % increase in cortical thickness per increment in score. Results were not significant for minimum JSW.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that quantitative 3D analysis of the proximal femur can identify changes in cortical bone thickness relevant to structural hip osteoarthritis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • CT is being increasingly used to assess bony involvement in osteoarthritis • CBM provides accurate and reliable quantitative analysis of cortical bone thickness • Cortical bone is thicker at the superior femoral head-neck with worse osteoarthritis • Regions of increased thickness co-locate with impingement and osteophyte formation • Quantitative 3D bone analysis could enable clinical disease prediction and therapy development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK. tdt21@cam.ac.uk.|Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Box 218, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK. tdt21@cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Tom D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Turmezei
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK.
authors.forename: Graham M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Treece
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Gee
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK.
authors.forename: Anastasia F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Fotiadou
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Box 157, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
authors.forename: Kenneth E S
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Poole
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005270:Femur Head / Q000473:pathology*; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D054850:Osteophyte / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Bone; Helical CT; Hip joint; Imaging, three-dimensional; Osteoarthritis