title: Screening for Cervical Cancer and Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among HIV-Infected Women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Women living with HIV infection are at higher risk for cervical cancer, an AIDS-defining diagnosis. We examined the prevalence of cervical cancer and sexually transmitted disease (STD) screening among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women and factors associated with the receipt of Papanicolaou (Pap) tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  We did a cross-sectional analysis of weighted data from a sample of HIV-infected adults receiving outpatient medical care. We used matched interview (report of Pap test) and medical record data (STD screenings) from HIV-infected women. We performed logistic regression to compute adjusted prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between demographic, behavioral, and clinical factors and receipt of Pap tests among HIV-infected women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were available for 2,270 women, who represent 112,894 HIV-infected women; 62% were African American, 17% were Hispanic/Latina, and 18% were white. Most (78%) reported having a Pap test in the past year. Among sexually active women (n = 1234), 20% reported sex without condoms, 27% were screened for gonorrhea, and 29% were screened for chlamydia. Being screened for STDs was less likely among women who did not have a Pap test in the past year (adjusted prevalence ratios 0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.77-0.87). Women who were ≥50 years of age and reported income above federal poverty level, no sexual activity, depression, no HIV care from an obstetrician/gynecologist, and no documented STD tests, were less likely to report a Pap test (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Screening for cervical cancer and STDs among HIV-infected women is suboptimal. Clinical visits for Pap tests are an important opportunity for HIV-infected sexually active women to also receive STD screenings and counseling regarding condoms.
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .
authors.forename: Emma L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Frazier
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .
authors.forename: Madeline Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .|2 ICF International , Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Yunfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tie
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .|3 Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia .
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: McNaghten
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .
authors.forename: Janet M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Blair
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skarbinski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D065006:Papanicolaou Test / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data