title: The relations between reading and spelling: an examination of subtypes of reading disability.
abstract: Three groups of reading-disabled children were found in studies of English, German, and French: a group with a double deficit in reading and spelling, a group with a single spelling deficit, and a more rarely reported group presenting a single reading deficit. This study set out to examine whether these groups can be found in adults, readers and spellers of Hebrew, which differs from the previously studied orthographies in many aspects. To this end, Hebrew-speaking adults with or without reading disability were administered various literacy and literacy-related tests. Results confirm the existence of the same three groups. While all shared a phonological deficit, subtle differences in phonological decoding ability and in speed of processing distinguished between the groups. The study therefore suggests that the previously reported associations and dissociations between reading and spelling are not restricted to English, German, or French and may not be only developmental in nature.
authors.affiliation: Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel. iritbarkochva@gmail.com.|Department of Psychology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. iritbarkochva@gmail.com.|Center for Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children, Risk (IDeA), Frankfurt am Main, Germany. iritbarkochva@gmail.com.|German Institute for International Educational Research (DIPF), Schloßstraße 29, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. iritbarkochva@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Irit
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bar-Kochva
authors.affiliation: Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Meirav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amiel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D000067010:Literacy; D008297:Male; D010700:Phonetics; D011932:Reading; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Orthography; Phonology; Rapid naming; Reading; Reading disability; Spelling