title: Histone ubiquitylation and its roles in transcription and DNA damage response.
abstract: DNA in human cells is constantly assaulted by endogenous and exogenous DNA damaging agents. It is vital for the cell to respond rapidly and precisely to DNA damage to maintain genome integrity and reduce the risk of mutagenesis. Sophisticated reactions occur in chromatin surrounding the damaged site leading to the activation of DNA damage response (DDR), including transcription reprogramming, cell cycle checkpoint, and DNA repair. Histone proteins around the DNA damage play essential roles in DDR, through extensive post-translational modifications (PTMs) by a variety of modifying enzymes. One PTM on histones, mono-ubiquitylation, has emerged as a key player in cellular response to DNA damage. In this review, we will (1) briefly summarize the history of histone H2A and H2B ubiquitylation (H2Aub and H2Bub, respectively), (2) discuss their roles in transcription, and (3) their functions in DDR.
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7520, USA.
authors.forename: Rithy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meas
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7520, USA. Electronic address: pengmao@vetmed.wsu.edu.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mao
mesh_terms: D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000378:metabolism; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D054875:Ubiquitination
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; D004247:DNA
keywords: Chromatin remodeling; Deubiquitylation; RNA Pol II stalling; UV damage