title: Lamin A/C deficiency reduces circulating tumor cell resistance to fluid shear stress.
abstract: Metastasis contributes to over 90% of cancer-related deaths and is initiated when cancer cells detach from the primary tumor, invade the basement membrane, and enter the circulation as circulating tumor cells (CTCs). While metastasis is viewed as an inefficient process with most CTCs dying within the bloodstream, it is evident that some CTCs are capable of resisting hemodynamic shear forces to form secondary tumors in distant tissues. We hypothesized that nuclear lamins A and C (A/C) act as key structural components within CTCs necessary to resist destruction from elevated shear forces of the bloodstream. Herein, we show that, compared with nonmalignant epithelial cells, tumor cells are resistant to elevated fluid shear forces in vitro that mimic those within the bloodstream, as evidenced by significant decreases in cellular apoptosis and necrosis. Knockdown of lamin A/C significantly reduced tumor cell resistance to fluid shear stress, with significantly increased cell death compared with parental tumor cell and nontargeting controls. Interestingly, lamin A/C knockdown increased shear stress-induced tumor cell apoptosis, but did not significantly affect cellular necrosis. These data demonstrate that lamin A/C is an important structural component that enables tumor cell resistance to fluid shear stress-mediated death in the bloodstream, and may thus facilitate survival and hematogenous metastasis of CTCs.
authors.affiliation: Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; and.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3628-2244
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
authors.forename: Celine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Denais
authors.affiliation: Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; and.
authors.forename: Maxine F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; and.
authors.forename: Zhexiao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lammerding
authors.affiliation: Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; and mike.king@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006801:Humans; D034904:Lamin Type A / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000378:metabolism*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D034904:Lamin Type A
keywords: apoptosis; cancer; fluid shear stress; lamin; metastasis