title: Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-allylamine) (PNIPAM-co-ALA) nanospheres for the thermally triggered release of Bacteriophage K.
abstract: Due to the increased prevalence of resistant bacterial isolates which are no longer susceptible to antibiotic treatment, recent emphasis has been placed on finding alternative modes of treatment of wound infections. Bacteriophage have long been investigated for their antimicrobial properties, yet the utilization of phage therapy for the treatment of wound infections relies on a suitable delivery system. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) is a thermally responsive polymer which undergoes a temperature dependent phase transition at a critical solution temperature. Bacteriophage K has been successfully formulated with PNIPAM nanospheres copolymerized with allylamine (PNIPAM-co-ALA). By utilizing a temperature responsive polymer it has been possible to engineer the nanospheres to collapse at an elevated temperature associated with a bacterial skin infection. The nanogels were reacted with surface deposited maleic anhydride in order to anchor the nanogels to non-woven fabric. Bacteriophage incorporated PNIPAM-co-ALA nanospheres demonstrated successful bacterial lysis of a clinically relevant bacterial isolate - Staphylococcus aureus ST228 at 37°C, whilst bacterial growth was unaffected at 25°C, thus providing a thermally triggered release of bacteriophage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
authors.forename: Hollie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hathaway
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
authors.forename: Diana R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bean
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
authors.forename: Patricia P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Esteban
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
authors.forename: Khadija
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ouadi
authors.affiliation: Technology Development Group, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK.
authors.forename: J Mark
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK. Electronic address: a.t.a.jenkins@bath.ac.uk.
authors.forename: A Toby A
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Jenkins
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D000268:Adhesiveness; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001433:Bacteriolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000502:physiology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004339:Drug Compounding; D065546:Drug Liberation; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008242:Lysogeny; D008299:Maleic Anhydrides / Q000737:chemistry; D054118:Nanospheres / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D044367:Phase Transition; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000821:virology; D013499:Surface Properties; D056189:Viral Tropism
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D004337:Drug Carriers; D008299:Maleic Anhydrides; D012367:RNA, Viral; C000609880:poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-allylamine)
keywords: Bacteriophage; PNIPAM; Thermal release