title: Immunopathogenic Background of Pars Planitis.
abstract: Pars planitis is defined as an intermediate uveitis of unknown background of systemic disease with characteristic formations such as vitreous snowballs, snowbanks and changes in peripheral retina. The incidence of pars planitis varies 2.4-15.4 % of the uveitis patients. The pathogenesis of the disease is to be determined in future. Clinical and histopathological findings suggest an autoimmune etiology, most likely as a reaction to endogenous antigen of unknown source, with T cells predominant in both vitreous and pars plana infiltrations. T cells subsets play an important role as a memory-effector peripheral cell. Snowbanks are formed as an effect of post inflammatory glial proliferation of fibrous astrocytes. There is also a genetic predisposition for pars planitis by human leukocyte antigen and several other genes. A coexistence of multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis has been described in numerous studies. Epiretinal membrane, cataract, cystoid macular edema, retinal detachment, retinal vasculitis, neovascularization, vitreous peripheral traction, peripheral hole formation, vitreous hemorrhage, disc edema are common complications observed in pars planitis. There is a need to expand the knowledge of the pathogenic and immunologic background of the pars planitis to create an accurate pharmacological treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department and Clinic of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland. arie_l@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1099-4876
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Przeździecka-Dołyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Węgrzyn
authors.affiliation: Department and Clinic of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turno-Kręcicka
authors.affiliation: Department and Clinic of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Misiuk-Hojło
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015551:Autoimmunity; D005123:Eye / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D015868:Pars Planitis / Q000276:immunology*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens
keywords: Ciliary body; Eye; Idiopathic uveitis intermedialis; Immunology; Iris; Pars planitis