title: Discrimination of genetically modified sugar beets based on terahertz spectroscopy.
abstract: The objective of this paper was to apply terahertz (THz) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics techniques for discrimination of genetically modified (GM) and non-GM sugar beets. In this paper, the THz spectra of 84 sugar beet samples (36 GM sugar beets and 48 non-GM ones) were obtained by using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) system in the frequency range from 0.2 to 1.2 THz. Three chemometrics methods, principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant analysis (DA) and discriminant partial least squares (DPLS), were employed to classify sugar beet samples into two groups: genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and non-GMOs. The DPLS method yielded the best classification result, and the percentages of successful classification for GM and non-GM sugar beets were both 100%. Results of the present study demonstrate the usefulness of THz spectroscopy together with chemometrics methods as a powerful tool to distinguish GM and non-GM sugar beets.
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, School of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China. Electronic address: ct63307@163.com.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, School of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, School of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China.
authors.forename: Xianhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, School of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China.
authors.forename: Fangrong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, School of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China.
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D027461:Beta vulgaris / Q000235:genetics*; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D055068:Terahertz Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Discriminant partial least squares; Genetically modified sugar beets; Terahertz spectroscopy