title: A zinc fixative for 3D visualization of cerebral capillaries and pericytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A large volume of data indicates that disturbances in the morphology and function of the capillary wall may play a causal role in several types of neurodegenerative disorders. We present a highly reproducible staining method for investigating the cerebral capillary network and the pericyte cells within the basement membrane in mice - a specie specific challenging task when uniform staining in thick sections was needed for confocal microscopy or a quantitative analysis, e.g. stereological investigation using 3D probes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We perfused C57BL6/Jbom mice and immersion fixated the brains with an aldehyde free zinc fixative, which is normally used for paraffin embedded tissues, and stained for CD31 and Collagen Type IV positive capillaries in 100μm thick sections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the milder zinc fixative allowed complete immunohistochemical visualization of the cerebral capillary network in 100μm thick sections using CD31 or Collagen Type IV antibodies. Moreover CD31 or Collagen Type IV staining revealed the presence of pericytes, which was confirmed by a fluorescent co-localization with the NG2 pericyte marker.
  
  
  METHODS
  Compared with conventional aldehyde-based fixative, this method resulted in a homogeneous staining through the entire depth of thick sections with very limited background staining and well-preserved morphology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This method is suitable for 3D stereological analysis of capillary networks and pericytes within thick brain sections using CD31 or Collagen Type IV antibodies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedicine, Building 1234, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark. Electronic address: gnn@biomed.au.dk.
authors.forename: Gitte Nykjær
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Nikolajsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedicine, Building 1234, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark. Electronic address: msj@biomed.au.dk.
authors.forename: Morten Skovgaard
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedicine, Building 1234, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark. Electronic address: mjw@biomed.au.dk.
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: West
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D002196:Capillaries / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000378:metabolism; D024141:Collagen Type IV / Q000378:metabolism; D005404:Fixatives; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D020286:Pericytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D015032:Zinc; D000099216:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D024141:Collagen Type IV; D005404:Fixatives; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D011509:Proteoglycans; D015032:Zinc; D000099216:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4
keywords: Brain; Capillaries; Fixative; Mice; Pericytes; Stereology; Zinc