title: Long-term Consistency in Rotavirus Vaccine Protection: RV5 and RV1 Vaccine Effectiveness in US Children, 2012-2013.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Using a multicenter, active surveillance network from 2 rotavirus seasons (2012 and 2013), we assessed the vaccine effectiveness of RV5 (RotaTeq) and RV1 (Rotarix) rotavirus vaccines in preventing rotavirus gastroenteritis hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits for numerous demographic and secular strata.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled children hospitalized or visiting the ED with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) for the 2012 and 2013 seasons at 7 medical institutions. Stool specimens were tested for rotavirus by enzyme immunoassay and genotyped, and rotavirus vaccination histories were compared for rotavirus-positive cases and rotavirus-negative AGE controls. We calculated the vaccine effectiveness (VE) for preventing rotavirus associated hospitalizations and ED visits for each vaccine, stratified by vaccine dose, season, clinical setting, age, predominant genotype, and ethnicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RV5-specific VE analyses included 2961 subjects, 402 rotavirus cases (14%) and 2559 rotavirus-negative AGE controls. RV1-specific VE analyses included 904 subjects, 100 rotavirus cases (11%), and 804 rotavirus-negative AGE controls. Over the 2 rotavirus seasons, the VE for a complete 3-dose vaccination with RV5 was 80% (confidence interval [CI], 74%-84%), and VE for a complete 2-dose vaccination with RV1 was 80% (CI, 68%-88%).Statistically significant VE was observed for each year of life for which sufficient data allowed analysis (7 years for RV5 and 3 years for RV1). Both vaccines provided statistically significant genotype-specific protection against predominant circulating rotavirus strains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this large, geographically and demographically diverse sample of US children, we observed that RV5 and RV1 rotavirus vaccines each provided a lasting and broadly heterologous protection against rotavirus gastroenteritis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.affiliation: The Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri.
authors.forename: Rangaraj
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Selvarangan
authors.affiliation: UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, California.
authors.forename: Parvin H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Azimi
authors.affiliation: Texas Children's Hospital Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Boom
authors.affiliation: Seattle Children's Hospital, Washington.
authors.forename: Janet A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Englund
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Ohio.
authors.forename: Mary Allen
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Staat
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Natasha B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Halasa
authors.affiliation: University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York.
authors.forename: Geoffrey A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.affiliation: University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York University of California, Los Angeles.
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Szilagyi
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chappell
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Ohio.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McNeal
authors.affiliation: Seattle Children's Hospital, Washington.
authors.forename: Eileen J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Texas Children's Hospital.
authors.forename: Leila C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Sahni
authors.affiliation: UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, California.
authors.forename: Samantha H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.affiliation: The Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.affiliation: Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Carol J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Ohio.
authors.forename: David I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.affiliation: The Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri.
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Moffatt
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Jacqueline E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Tate
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Slavica
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mijatovic-Rustempasic
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Mathew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Esona
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Wikswo
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Aaron T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Curns
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Iddrisu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sulemana
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Jon R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gentsch
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Umesh D
authors.initials: UD
authors.lastname: Parashar
mesh_terms: D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005838:Genotype; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; C492457:RIX4414 vaccine; D012367:RNA, Viral; C492535:RotaTeq; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated
keywords: RV1-Rotarix; RV5-RotaTeq; acute gastroenteritis; rotavirus vaccine; surveillance