title: The clinical role of multimodality imaging in the detection of prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy: past, present, and future.
abstract: Detection of the recurrence sites in prostate cancer (PCa) patients affected by biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiation therapy (RT) is still a challenge for clinicians, nuclear medicine physicians, and radiologists. In the era of personalised and precision care, this task requires the integration, amalgamation, and combined analysis of clinical and imaging data from multiple sources. At present, multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI) and choline-positron emission tomography (PET) are giving encouraging results; their combination allows the effective detection of local, lymph nodal, and skeletal recurrences at low PSA levels. Future diagnostic perspectives include the clinical implementation of PET/MRI scanners, multimodal fusion imaging platforms for retrospective co-registration of PET and MR images, real-time transrectal ultrasound/mpMRI fusion imaging, and novel organ-specific PET radiotracers.
authors.affiliation: Radiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, E O Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paparo
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, E O Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massollo
authors.affiliation: Klinikum Augsburg Radiologie, Stelingstrasse 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ludovica
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rollandi
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, E O Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Arnoldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piccardo
authors.affiliation: Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, E O Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Filippo Grillo
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Ruggieri
authors.affiliation: Radiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, E O Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Gian Andrea
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Rollandi
keywords: choline; fusion imaging; magnetic resonance imaging; positron emission tomography; prostate cancer