title: Human Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus Genotypes in Apical Periodontitis Lesions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Different genotypes of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) possess specific pathogenic abilities because of various interactions with the host's immune system and differences in cell tropism. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of HCMV and EBV genotypes in apical periodontitis lesions in relation to their clinical and histopathologic features.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred samples of apical periodontitis lesions and 25 control samples (healthy pulp tissue) were collected. The presence of HCMV glycoprotein B (gB) and EBV nuclear antigen-2 genotypes was analyzed by nested polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphisms analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EBV and HCMV were detected in apical periodontitis lesions at significantly higher frequencies than in healthy pulp controls (P = .020 and P = .020, respectively). HCMV gB type II was significantly more frequent compared with gB type I in the examined groups (P = .036). No HCMV gB type III or IV products were found. In both periapical lesions and controls, EBV-1 occurred more often compared with EBV-2 (P = .001). Dual EBV and HCMV coinfection was more frequently detected in large-size periapical lesions (P = .038).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both HCMV and EBV are associated with inflammatory processes of periapical bone destruction. HCMV gB type II and EBV-1 are the most prevalent genotypes in apical periodontitis lesions.
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Medicine, Clinic for Oral Surgery and Implantology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: dr.sasuli@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Aleksandar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jakovljevic
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Medicine, Clinic for Oral Surgery and Implantology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andric
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Virology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Knezevic
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Soldatovic
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Medicine, Institute of Biology and Human Genetics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Nadja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nikolic
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Virology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Danijela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Karalic
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Medicine, Institute of Biology and Human Genetics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Milasin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D019309:Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D010485:Periapical Periodontitis / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D015995:Prevalence; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C402641:EBNA-2 protein, Human herpesvirus 4; D019309:Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; C040495:glycoprotein B, Simplexvirus
keywords: Apical periodontitis; EBNA-2 protein; Epstein-Barr virus; genotype; glycoprotein B; human cytomegalovirus