title: Effects of Physical Exercise on Health and Well-Being of Individuals Living With a Dementia in Nursing Homes: A Systematic Review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Physical exercise interventions have benefits for older individuals and improve the health and well-being of individuals living with a dementia, specifically those living in nursing homes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Report evidence from randomized controlled trials and cluster randomized control trials that evaluated the effects of physical exercise interventions on individuals living with a dementia in nursing homes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Academic Search Complete, Proquest Central, British Medical Journal Database, PubMed, Cochrane Library, PEDro, Informit, Informa, and Nursing Consult were searched for relevant clinical trials and snowballing of recommended studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  One reviewer screened articles on inclusion criteria and identified relevant studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data extraction was performed by 1 reviewer and checked by second and third reviewers. Two authors assessed the methodological quality and risk of bias of the relevant studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve study populations consisting of individuals living with a dementia in nursing homes were included (n = 901). Different types of physical exercises were undertaken: multimodal (n = 6), walking (n = 5), music and movement (n = 2), and hand exercises (n = 1). The parameters of the interventions varied across the studies. Most of the studies reported significant positive effects of physical exercise on cognition, agitation, mood, mobility, and functional ability for individuals living with dementia in nursing homes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The main limitations were the heterogeneity of design, small samples, and short interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is emerging evidence that physical exercise significantly benefits individuals living with a dementia in nursing homes. Higher quality research is required adopting more rigorous methods, including longer interventions and larger samples to determine optimum parameters of the physical exercise interventions evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Wollongong, Australia. Electronic address: lkb267@uowmail.edu.au.
authors.forename: Lindsey
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brett
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Wollongong, Australia.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Traynor
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Wollongong, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stapley
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003704:Dementia; D015444:Exercise; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D009735:Nursing Homes; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
keywords: Alzheimer; Exercise; dementia; nursing home; physical activity