title: Depth-Dependent Organization and Dynamics of Archaeal and Eukaryotic Membranes: Development of Membrane Anisotropy Gradient with Natural Evolution.
abstract: The lipid composition of archaea is unique and has been correlated with increased stability under extreme environmental conditions. In this article, we have focused on the evolution of membrane organization and dynamics with natural evolution. Dynamic anisotropy along the membrane normal (i.e., gradients of mobility, polarity, and heterogeneity) is a hallmark of fluid phase diester or diether phospholipid membranes. We monitored gradients of mobility, polarity, and heterogeneity along the membrane normal in membranes made of a representative archaeal lipid using a series of membrane depth-dependent fluorescent probes, and compared them to membranes prepared from a typical diether lipid from higher organisms (eukaryotes). Our results show that the representative dynamic anisotropy gradient along the membrane normal is absent in membranes made from archaeal lipids. We hypothesize that the dynamic gradient observed in membranes of diester and diether phospholipids is a consequence of natural evolution of membrane lipids in response to the requirement of carrying out complex cellular functions by membrane proteins.
authors.affiliation: CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology , Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India.|School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University , Burla, Odisha 768 019, India.
authors.forename: Hirak
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.affiliation: CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology , Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
authors.forename: Sourav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haldar
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States.
authors.forename: Parkson Lee-Gau
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400 005, India.
authors.forename: Mamata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kombrabail
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400 005, India.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krishnamoorthy
authors.affiliation: CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology , Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
authors.forename: Amitabha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chattopadhyay
mesh_terms: D016880:Anisotropy; D001105:Archaea / Q000737:chemistry*; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D008563:Membrane Lipids