title: Facial Aesthetic Surgery: The Safe Use of Oral Sedation in an Office-Based Facility.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The desire for efficient and safe office-based facial plastic surgery procedures has continued to rise. Oral sedation is a safe and effective method to provide anesthesia for facial aesthetic surgery.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study reviewed private practice anesthesia-related outcomes using oral sedation combined with local anesthesia for office-based facial aesthetic surgery procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients who underwent office-based facial plastic surgery procedures from July 2008 to July 2014. Patient demographic data including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), past medical history, social history, surgical history, allergies, and medications were collected. Anesthesia-related data were also collected including: American Society of Anesthesia (ASA) class, type of procedure, medications administered, and major complications related to sedation were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 199 patients (23 males and 176 females) who underwent 283 facial aesthetic surgical procedures. Mean age was 49.8 years (range, 29 to 80 years). There were 195 patients in ASA class I and 4 patients were in ASA class II. Patients underwent 44 upper blepharoplasty procedures, 35 lower blepharoplasty procedures, 5 browlifts, 43 upper blepharoplasty-browpexy, 46 facelifts, 38 neck lifts/lower facelifts, 54 fat grafting, 3 tip rhinoplasties, and 15 minor revision cases. During the study period, there were no major complications and no sedation issues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Facial aesthetic surgical procedures can be performed safely and comfortably in the office-based setting under oral sedation in appropriately selected patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4: Therapeutic.
authors.affiliation: Dr Butz is a Resident and Next Generation Editor of Aesthetic Surgery Journal and Dr Few is a Clinical Professor of Surgery, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; and Cosmetic Medicine Section Editor of Aesthetic Surgery Journal. Dr Gill is a plastic surgeon in private practice in Naples, Florida. Ms Randle and Ms Kampf are research assistants at a private plastic surgery practice in Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Butz
authors.affiliation: Dr Butz is a Resident and Next Generation Editor of Aesthetic Surgery Journal and Dr Few is a Clinical Professor of Surgery, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; and Cosmetic Medicine Section Editor of Aesthetic Surgery Journal. Dr Gill is a plastic surgeon in private practice in Naples, Florida. Ms Randle and Ms Kampf are research assistants at a private plastic surgery practice in Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Kiranjeet K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.affiliation: Dr Butz is a Resident and Next Generation Editor of Aesthetic Surgery Journal and Dr Few is a Clinical Professor of Surgery, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; and Cosmetic Medicine Section Editor of Aesthetic Surgery Journal. Dr Gill is a plastic surgeon in private practice in Naples, Florida. Ms Randle and Ms Kampf are research assistants at a private plastic surgery practice in Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Jasmine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Randle
authors.affiliation: Dr Butz is a Resident and Next Generation Editor of Aesthetic Surgery Journal and Dr Few is a Clinical Professor of Surgery, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; and Cosmetic Medicine Section Editor of Aesthetic Surgery Journal. Dr Gill is a plastic surgeon in private practice in Naples, Florida. Ms Randle and Ms Kampf are research assistants at a private plastic surgery practice in Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kampf
authors.affiliation: Dr Butz is a Resident and Next Generation Editor of Aesthetic Surgery Journal and Dr Few is a Clinical Professor of Surgery, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; and Cosmetic Medicine Section Editor of Aesthetic Surgery Journal. Dr Gill is a plastic surgeon in private practice in Naples, Florida. Ms Randle and Ms Kampf are research assistants at a private plastic surgery practice in Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Julius W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Few
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061214:Patient Safety; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011331:Private Practice; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives