title: Breast imaging after dark: patient outcomes following evaluation for breast abscess in the emergency department after hours.
abstract: In our study, we sought to report the management, clinical outcomes, and follow-up rates of patients who presented for evaluation of breast abscess in the Emergency Department (ED) after hours. A retrospective search of ultrasound reports at our institution identified all patients from January 1, 2009 to June 30, 2013 who were scanned in the ED after hours to evaluate for breast abscess. Patient demographics, clinical information, imaging findings, follow-up rates, and outcomes were reviewed. One hundred eighty-five patients were included in the study. Forty-four percent (86/185) of the patients were diagnosed with abscess based on ultrasound findings in the ED. Twenty-seven percent (23/86) were recently post-operative, and 12 % (10/86) were postpartum/breastfeeding. Mastitis was the diagnosis in the remaining 54 % (99/185). Only 1/86 cases were associated with breast cancer. Seventy-seven percent (66/86) of patients were treated with an invasive procedure; 39 % (26/66) had surgical evacuation, 30 % (20/66) image-guided drainage, 23 % (15/66) bedside or clinic incision and drainage, and 8 % (5/66) palpation-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA). Seventy-seven percent (143/185) of patients had clinical and/or imaging follow-up. Forty-four percent (63/143) had long-term follow-up (≥ 3 months). Almost 50 % of the patients who presented to the ED for evaluation of abscess were diagnosed with abscess while the remaining patients were diagnosed with mastitis. Appropriate clinical and/or imaging follow-up occurred in 77 %. Long-term follow-up (≥ 3 months) occurred more frequently in patients older than 30 years of age. Appropriate follow-up does not occur in approximately one fourth of cases, suggesting that additional clinician and patient education is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, 2910H Taubman Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., SPC 5326, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5326, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bosma
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, 2910H Taubman Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., SPC 5326, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5326, USA.
authors.forename: Kasey L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Morden
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, 2910H Taubman Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., SPC 5326, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5326, USA. kleink@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, 2910H Taubman Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., SPC 5326, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5326, USA.
authors.forename: Colleen H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Neal
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, 2910H Taubman Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., SPC 5326, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5326, USA.
authors.forename: Ursula S
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Knoepp
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, 2910H Taubman Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., SPC 5326, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5326, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Patterson
mesh_terms: D000038:Abscess / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D039602:After-Hours Care; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008413:Mastitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary
keywords: Abscess; Breast; Mastitis; Ultrasound