title: Performance of Four Transport and Storage Systems for Molecular Detection of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Detection of drug-resistant tuberculosis is essential for the control of the disease but it is often hampered by the limitation of transport and storage of samples from remote locations to the reference laboratory. We performed a retrospective field study to evaluate the performance of four supports enabling the transport and storage of samples to be used for molecular detection of drug resistance using the GenoType MTBDRplus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains were selected and spotted on slides, FTA cards, GenoCards, and in ethanol. GenoType MTBDRplus was subsequently performed with the DNA extracted from these supports. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated and compared to the results obtained by drug susceptibility testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For all supports, the overall sensitivity and specificity for detection of resistance to RIF was between 95% and 100%, and for INH between 95% and 98%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The four transport and storage supports showed a good sensitivity and specificity for the detection of resistance to RIF and INH in M. tuberculosis strains using the GenoType MTBDRplus. These supports can be maintained at room temperature and could represent an important alternative cost-effective method useful for rapid molecular detection of drug-resistant TB in low-resource settings.
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar; Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Marie Sylvianne
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rabodoarivelo
authors.affiliation: Hospital Dr. Cetrángolo, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Bélen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Imperiale
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
authors.forename: Rina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andrianiavomikotroka
authors.affiliation: Instituto Adolfo Lutz Núcleo de Tuberculose e Micobacteriosis Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, IOC, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brandao
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Microbiology & Molecular medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Parveen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Microbiology & Molecular medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Sarman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Instituto Adolfo Lutz Núcleo de Tuberculose e Micobacteriosis Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucilaine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferrazoli
authors.affiliation: Hospital Dr. Cetrángolo, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morcillo
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
authors.forename: Voahangy
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rasolofo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Palomino
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vandamme
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Anandi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001118:Argentina; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D001938:Brazil; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D000431:Ethanol; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation; D005838:Genotype; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D005898:Glass; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010209:Paper; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011177:Postal Service; D011309:Preservation, Biological / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D021521:Ribotyping / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology*; D014186:Transportation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D000431:Ethanol