title: Does intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring matter in noncomplex spine surgeries?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine associations between intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring (IOM) for spinal decompressions and simple fusions with neurologic complications, length of stay, and hospitalization charges.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult discharges in the Nationwide/National Inpatient Sample (NIS) (2007-2012) with spinal decompressions and simple spinal fusions were included. Revision surgeries, instrumentations, complicated approaches, and tumor- and trauma-related surgeries were excluded. Extracted data included patient demographics, medical comorbidities, primary spinal surgery type, and hospital characteristics. Bivariate and multiple regression analyses using NIS survey design variables correlated IOM use with neurologic complications, hospital charges, and length of stay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IOM was reported in 4.9% of an estimated 1.1 million discharges in the weighted sample. Discharges reporting IOM were more often privately insured (61% vs 57%, p < 0.001) and had slightly more comorbidities (25% vs 24% with 3+ comorbidities, p = 0.01). Spinal fusions more often reported IOM than decompressions. The IOM group had fewer neurologic complications (0.8% vs 1.4% of controls) with no difference in length of stay (3.0 days for each group), but increased hospital charges (39% greater). Multiple regression adjustment showed significant associations of IOM with fewer neurologic complications (odds ratio 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47, 0.76, p < 0.001), while the estimated percentage of hospital charges was sizably diminished from the unadjusted analysis (IOM effect +9%, 95% CI +4%, +13%, p < 0.001), and length of stay was reduced (IOM effect -0.26 days, 95% CI -0.42, -0.11, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IOM was associated with better clinical outcomes and some increased hospital charges among discharges of simple spinal fusions and laminectomies in a large, multiyear, nationally representative dataset.
authors.affiliation: From the Comparative Effectiveness, Cost and Outcomes Research Center (J.P.N.), University of Washington, Seattle; the Department of Economics (D.N.v.d.G.), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; and the Department of Neurology (M.R.N.), University of California, Los Angeles. john.p.ney@uw.edu.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ney
authors.affiliation: From the Comparative Effectiveness, Cost and Outcomes Research Center (J.P.N.), University of Washington, Seattle; the Department of Economics (D.N.v.d.G.), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; and the Department of Neurology (M.R.N.), University of California, Los Angeles.
authors.forename: David N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: van der Goes
authors.affiliation: From the Comparative Effectiveness, Cost and Outcomes Research Center (J.P.N.), University of Washington, Seattle; the Department of Economics (D.N.v.d.G.), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; and the Department of Neurology (M.R.N.), University of California, Los Angeles.
authors.forename: Marc R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Nuwer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D064795:Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000639:trends; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000639:trends