title: Antimetastatic effect of fluvastatin on breast and hepatocellular carcinoma cells in relation to SGK1 and NDRG1 genes.
abstract: Metastasis occurs due to migration of the cells from primary tumor toward other tissues by gaining invasive properties. Since metastatic invasion shows a strong resistance against conventional cancer treatments, the studies on this issue have been focused. Within this context, inhibition of migration and determination of the relationships at the gene level will contribute to treatment of metastatic cancer cases. We have aimed to demonstrate the impact of TGF-β1 and fluvastatin on human breast cancer (MCF-7) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B) cell cultures via Real-Time Cell Analyzer (RTCA) and to test the expression levels of some genes (NDRG1, SGK1, TWIST1, AMPKA2) and to compare their gene expression levels according to RTCA results. Both of cell series were applied TGF-β1 and combinations of TGF-β1/fluvastatin. Primer and probes were synthesized using Universal Probe Library (UPL, Roche) software, and expression levels of genes were tested via qPCR using the device LightCycler 480 II (Roche). Consequently, fluvastatin dose-dependently inhibited migration induced by TGF-β1 in both groups. This inhibition was accompanied by low level of SGK1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and high levels of NDRG1 and AMPKA2 mRNA. Thus, we conclude that fluvastatin plays an important role in reducing resistance to chemotherapeutics and preventing metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Kurupelit, 55139, Samsun, Turkey. dr.osmansalis@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Osman
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4707-0431
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Salis
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Kurupelit, 55139, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okuyucu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Kurupelit, 55139, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Abdulkerim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bedir
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Kurupelit, 55139, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ufuk
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gör
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Kurupelit, 55139, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Canan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kulcu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Kurupelit, 55139, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Eser
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yenen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Kurupelit, 55139, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nermin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kılıç
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D000077340:Fluvastatin; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics; D000099184:Serum-Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinases; D000099259:N-myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 1 Protein
chemical_list: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D000077340:Fluvastatin; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D007211:Indoles; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1; D000099184:Serum-Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinases; D000099259:N-myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 1 Protein; C103173:TWIST1 protein, human; C526181:PRKAA2 protein, human
keywords: Fluvastatin; Hep3B; MCF-7; Migration; RTCA; SGK1