title: Strategies to stabilize cell penetrating peptides for in vivo applications.
abstract: In the era of biomedicines and engineered carrier systems, cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been established as a promising tool for therapeutic application. Likewise, other therapeutic peptides, successful in vivo application of CPPs will strongly depend on peptide stability, the bottleneck for this type of biodegradable molecules. In this review, the authors describe the current knowledge of the in vivo degradation for known CPPs and the different strategies available to provide a higher resistance to metabolic degradation while preserving cell penetration efficiency. Peptide stability can be improved by different means, either modifying the structure to make it unrecognizable to proteases, or preventing access of proteolytic enzymes by applying conformation restriction or shielding strategies.
authors.affiliation: CIMI-Paris, UPMC, Inserm 1135, Hôpital Pitie Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fominaya
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, CSIC, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Jerónimo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bravo
authors.affiliation: CIMI-Paris, UPMC, Inserm 1135, Hôpital Pitie Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Angelita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rebollo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057846:Cell-Penetrating Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D004355:Drug Stability; D006801:Humans; D008968:Molecular Conformation
chemical_list: D057846:Cell-Penetrating Peptides