title: Role of bioactive lipid mediators in obese adipose tissue inflammation and endocrine dysfunction.
abstract: White adipose tissue is recognized as an active endocrine organ implicated in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. However, adipose tissue function, which has a crucial role in the development of obesity-related comorbidities including insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, is dysregulated in obese individuals. This review explores the physiological functions and molecular actions of bioactive lipids biosynthesized in adipose tissue including sphingolipids and phospholipids, and in particular fatty acids derived from phospholipids of the cell membrane. Special emphasis is given to polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-6 and omega-3 families and their conversion to bioactive lipid mediators through the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. The participation of omega-3-derived lipid autacoids in the resolution of adipose tissue inflammation and in the prevention of obesity-associated hepatic complications is also thoroughly discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona 08036, Spain. Electronic address: lopategi@clinic.ub.es.
authors.forename: Aritz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lopategi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: López-Vicario
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alcaraz-Quiles
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: García-Alonso
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
authors.forename: Bibiana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rius
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona 08036, Spain; CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Titos
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona 08036, Spain; CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Department of Physiological Sciences I, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain. Electronic address: jclaria@clinic.ub.es.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clària
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D013107:Sphingolipids / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010743:Phospholipids; D013107:Sphingolipids
keywords: Adipose tissue; Lipid mediators; Omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids