title: Non-target effects of commonly used plant protection products in roses on the predatory mite Euseius gallicus Kreiter & Tixier (Acari: Phytoseidae).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Euseius gallicus Kreiter & Tixier (Acari: Phytoseidae) is a predatory mite recently available for use against various pests in roses. We tested in greenhouse trials the impact on the numbers of eggs and motiles of E. gallicus of the most commonly used plant protection products in roses in northern Europe: the acaricides acequinocyl and etoxazole, the insecticides azadirachtin-A, acetamiprid, flonicamid, imidacloprid, indoxacarb, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam and the fungicides boscalid and kresoxim-methyl, cyprodinil + fludioxonil, dodemorph and fluopyram + tebuconazole.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The neonicotinoids thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid and imidacloprid had a negative impact on the number of eggs (47, 62, 81 and 76% reduction, respectively, compared with a water treatment) and number of motiles of E. gallicus (42.2, 42.9, 59.9 and 60.6% reduction) and were classified as slightly to moderately toxic. Also, the number of motiles was reduced after treatment with acequinocyl (47%) and etoxazole (43.9%) and after two treatments with flonicamid (41%) with a 1 week interval between treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Azadirachtin-A, acetamiprid, flonicamid, boscalid and kresoxim-methyl, cyprodinil + fludioxonil, dodemorph and fluopyram + tebuconazole were harmless for E. gallicus. Special attention should be paid to the impact of neonicotinoids and of acequinocyl and etoxazole, and to the application frequency with flonicamid on E. gallicus. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Biobest Belgium N.V., Westerlo, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Put
authors.affiliation: Biobest Belgium N.V., Westerlo, Belgium.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bollens
authors.affiliation: Biobest Belgium N.V., Westerlo, Belgium.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wäckers
authors.affiliation: Biobest Belgium N.V., Westerlo, Belgium.
authors.forename: Apostolos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pekas
mesh_terms: D056810:Acaricides; D000085:Acetates; D000818:Animals; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D007093:Imidazoles; D036701:Limonins; D008925:Mites; D009281:Naphthalenes; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010078:Oxazines; D010080:Oxazoles; D011725:Pyridines; D027826:Rosa / Q000469:parasitology*; D000077922:Thiamethoxam; D013843:Thiazines; D013844:Thiazoles
chemical_list: D056810:Acaricides; D000085:Acetates; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D007093:Imidazoles; D036701:Limonins; D009281:Naphthalenes; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010078:Oxazines; D010080:Oxazoles; D011725:Pyridines; D013843:Thiazines; D013844:Thiazoles; D009536:Niacinamide; C082359:imidacloprid; C401104:indoxacarb; C464485:acetamiprid; D000077922:Thiamethoxam; C524822:flonicamid; C417209:thiacloprid; C508136:etoxazole; C493666:acequinocyl; C010329:azadirachtin
keywords: biological control; integrated pest management; ornamentals; predatory mites