title: The effect of feed water dissolved organic carbon concentration and composition on organic micropollutant removal and microbial diversity in soil columns simulating river bank filtration.
abstract: This study investigated organic micropollutant (OMP) biodegradation rates in laboratory-scale soil columns simulating river bank filtration (RBF) processes. The dosed OMP mixture consisted of 11 pharmaceuticals, 6 herbicides, 2 insecticides and 1 solvent. Columns were filled with soil from a RBF site and were fed with four different organic carbon fractions (hydrophilic, hydrophobic, transphilic and river water organic matter (RWOM)). Additionally, the effect of a short-term OMP/dissolved organic carbon (DOC) shock-load (e.g. quadrupling the OMP concentrations and doubling the DOC concentration) on OMP biodegradation rates was investigated to assess the resilience of RBF systems. The results obtained in this study imply that - in contrast to what is observed for managed aquifer recharge systems operating on wastewater effluent - OMP biodegradation rates are not affected by the type of organic carbon fraction fed to the soil column, in case of stable operation. No effect of a short-term DOC shock-load on OMP biodegradation rates between the different organic carbon fractions was observed. This means that the RBF site simulated in this study is resilient towards transient higher DOC concentrations in the river water. However, a temporary OMP shock-load affected OMP biodegradation rates observed for the columns fed with the river water organic matter (RWOM) and the hydrophilic fraction of the river water organic matter. These different biodegradation rates did not correlate with any of the parameters investigated in this study (cellular adenosine triphosphate (cATP), DOC removal, specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA), richness/evenness of the soil microbial population or OMP category (hydrophobicity/charge).
authors.affiliation: Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, PO Box 5048, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands; Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Particle and Interfacial Technology Group, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: c.bertelkamp@tudelft.nl.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bertelkamp
authors.affiliation: Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, PO Box 5048, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands; Strategic Centre, Waternet, Korte Ouderkerkerdijk 7, 1096 AC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: van der Hoek
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Particle and Interfacial Technology Group, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schoutteten
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Particle and Interfacial Technology Group, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hulpiau
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vanhaecke
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vanden Bussche
authors.affiliation: Delft Institute of Applied Mathematics (DIAM), Faculty EEMCS, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cabo
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Callewaert
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boon
authors.affiliation: University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Ecopreneurship, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132, Muttenz, Switzerland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Löwenberg
authors.affiliation: The University of Auckland, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singhal
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Particle and Interfacial Technology Group, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: A R D
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Verliefde
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D005374:Filtration; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D060587:Groundwater / Q000737:chemistry; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis*; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012995:Solubility; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012987:Soil; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Biodegradation; Microbial community composition; Organic carbon fractions; Organic micropollutants; River bank filtration