title: MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF THE RETINA AND CHOROID IN SYSTEMIC AMYLOIDOSIS.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the multimodal imaging findings of four patients with systemic amyloidosis, renal failure, and chorioretinopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of four patients presenting to four institutions with evidence of amyloid induced chorioretinopathy. Fundus photography, autofluorescence, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings were studied and are presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four patients with biopsy-proven systemic amyloidosis demonstrated progressive chorioretinal degeneration with color fundus photography and autofluorescent imaging. With spectral domain optical coherence tomography analysis, amyloidosis-induced chorioretinopathy was characterized by a widened choriocapillaris band, choroidal infiltration, diffuse photoreceptor dysfunction, and thinning of the outer nuclear layer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multimodal imaging including spectral domain optical coherence tomography analysis in eyes of patients with systemic amyloidosis shows deposition in the choroid. The deposition may cause a secondary toxic and or barrier effect resulting in diffuse retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa; †Retinal Disorders and Ophthalmic Genetics Division, David Geffen School of Medicine, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California; ‡University of Southern California Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California; §Department of Ophthalmology, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Nashville, Tennessee; ¶Medical Retina Service, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; **Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York; ††Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California; ‡‡Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare Center, Los Angeles, California; and §§Department of Ophthalmology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.
authors.forename: C Nathaniel
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Roybal
authors.forename: Christian J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Sanfilippo
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nazari
authors.forename: Janice C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Law
authors.forename: Swetangi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhaleeya
authors.forename: Gemmy Cheung
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Chui Ming
authors.forename: Narsing A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Szilard
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: SriniVas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sadda
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sarraf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000686:Amyloidosis / Q000150:complications*; D015862:Choroid Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies