title: Extracellular vesicle-derived protein from Bifidobacterium longum alleviates food allergy through mast cell suppression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of food allergies has increased dramatically during the last decade. Recently, probiotics have been studied for the prevention and treatment of allergic disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined whether Bifidobacterium longum KACC 91563 and Enterococcus faecalis KACC 91532 have the capacity to suppress food allergies.
  
  
  METHODS
  B longum KACC 91563 and E faecalis KACC 91532 were administered to BALB/c wild-type mice, in which food allergy was induced by using ovalbumin and alum. Food allergy symptoms and various immune responses were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  B longum KACC 91563, but not E faecalis KACC 91532, alleviated food allergy symptoms. Extracellular vesicles of B longum KACC 91563 bound specifically to mast cells and induced apoptosis without affecting T-cell immune responses. Furthermore, injection of family 5 extracellular solute-binding protein, a main component of extracellular vesicles, into mice markedly reduced the occurrence of diarrhea in a mouse food allergy model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  B longum KACC 91563 induces apoptosis of mast cells specifically and alleviates food allergy symptoms. Accordingly, B longum KACC 91563 and family 5 extracellular solute-binding protein exhibit potential as therapeutic approaches for food allergies.
authors.affiliation: Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Korea; Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Korea; Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Ji
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Jeun
authors.affiliation: Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Korea; Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea.
authors.forename: Chun-Pyo
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Life Science, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Korea; Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea.
authors.forename: Min Seong
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Korea; Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Jung
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Korea; Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea.
authors.forename: Sook Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Korea; Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea.
authors.forename: Sin-Hyeog
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Im
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Seok-Geun
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Beom-Young
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea; Division of Molecular and Life Science, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyong-Tai
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Ewha Womans University Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ju-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Seoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon-Keun
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Jong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Korea. Electronic address: hamjs@korea.kr.
authors.forename: Jun-Sang
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ham
authors.affiliation: Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Korea. Electronic address: yangbg@ibs.re.kr.
authors.forename: Bo-Gie
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Korea. Electronic address: jangmh@ibs.re.kr.
authors.forename: Myoung Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Jang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000276:immunology; D000067128:Extracellular Vesicles / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D056747:Immunomodulation; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D019936:Probiotics; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Bifidobacterium longum; Food allergy; extracellular vesicle; family 5 extracellular solute-binding protein; mast cells; ovalbumin; probiotics