title: Role of Dectin-1 in the innate immune response of rat corneal epithelial cells to Aspergillus fumigatus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To observe Dectin-1 expression in fungal keratitis on rat models and to determine the role of Dectin-1 in innate immune response to Aspergillus fumigatus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, fungal keratitis and pretreatment (pretreated with Laminarin) groups. Samples were used for conducting immunohistochemical staining and real-time PCR to observe expression of cytokines like CCL2, CCL3, CXCL1, CXCL2, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After fungal stimulations, all 7 inflammatory factors, except IL-10, increased with different levels. After 4 h of fungal stimulations, IL-1β, IL-6, CCL2, CXCL1 and CXCL2 of pretreatment groups were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than fungal groups, while the other 3 cytokines had no significant changes. After 8 h of fungal stimulations, IL-6 and CXCL1 of pretreatment groups were still significantly (p < 0.05) lower than fungal groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With progress of fungus stimulation, expression of IL-1β,CXCL1 ,CXCL2,MCP-1 gradually increased, whilepretreated with Laminarin to block Dectin-1, these expression decreased, indicating that Dectin-1 maypromote immune reaction through them. IL-10 decreased in fungal group because of itsimmunosuppressive effect at 4h, and it began to increase at 8h to suppress Th1 inflammation response inorder to avoid excessive tissue damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dectin-1 in early period of innate immune responses in rat fungal keratitis might work through IL-1β, IL-6, CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL2 to recruit neutrophils and macrophages to participate anti-fungal immunity.
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16th Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China. yankexuqiang@126.com.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16th Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China. zhaoguiqiu_good@126.com.
authors.forename: Guiqiu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16th Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China. yankelinjing@126.com.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16th Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China. yankewangqian@126.com.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16th Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China. yankerhu@126.com.
authors.forename: Liting
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16th Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China. yankejiangzhao@126.com.
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000502:physiology*; D003320:Corneal Ulcer / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000276:immunology*; D015821:Eye Infections, Fungal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005936:Glucans / Q000494:pharmacology; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000099181:Dectin-1
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D005936:Glucans; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D000099181:Dectin-1; C008247:laminaran