title: The effects of violence exposure on the development of impulse control and future orientation across adolescence and early adulthood: Time-specific and generalized effects in a sample of juvenile offenders.
abstract: Impulse control and future orientation increase across adolescence, but little is known about how contextual factors shape the development of these capacities. The present study investigates how stress exposure, operationalized as exposure to violence, alters the developmental pattern of impulse control and future orientation across adolescence and early adulthood. In a sample of 1,354 serious juvenile offenders, higher exposure to violence was associated with lower levels of future orientation at age 15 and suppressed development of future orientation from ages 15 to 25. Increases in witnessing violence or victimization were linked to declines in impulse control 1 year later, but only during adolescence. Thus, beyond previous experiences of exposure to violence, witnessing violence and victimization during adolescence conveys unique risk for suppressed development of self-regulation.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh.
authors.forename: Kathryn C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Monahan
authors.affiliation: University of Washington.
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: Brock University.
authors.forename: Elizabeth P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Shulman
authors.affiliation: University of California,Irvine.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cauffman
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona.
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chassin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D007174:Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D000069581:Exposure to Violence / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005793:Generalization, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency / Q000523:psychology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010414:Pennsylvania; D000068356:Self-Control; D012951:Socialization; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult