title: CPP-ACP and CPP-ACFP versus fluoride varnish in remineralisation of early caries lesions. A prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of novel casein phosphopeptide (CPP) formulations CPP-amorphous calcium phosphate (CCP- ACP) and CPP-amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (CPP-ACFP) versus fluoride varnish on the remineralisation of enamel white spot lesions (WSLs) over a 12-week follow-up period.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  Double-blind prospective study. Eligibility criteria were patients between 6 and 14 years old and have WSLs on their permanent teeth. We evaluated 786 WSLs. Participants were divided randomly into three groups. Groups A and B were instructed to daily topical application of GC Tooth Mouse (CPP-ACP) or Mi Paste Plus (CPP-ACFP), Group C received a monthly professional application of Duraphat fluoride varnish. WSLs were categorised according to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II; grades 0-3) and assessed by laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent) at baseline and at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Changes in mineralisation before and after treatment were analysed using two-way analysis of variance, with post hoc Bonferroni's non-parametric tests for multiple comparisons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DIAGNOdent values were significantly reduced in Group B at 4 weeks, and in Groups A and C at 8 weeks. Mean values in Group B were lower than in Groups A and C at 4 weeks, and lower than Group C at 8 weeks. CPP-ACFP appeared to have a specific effect on smooth-surface caries, but no significant effect on caries in pits and fissures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At 4 weeks, CPP-ACFP is superior to fluoride varnish at remineralising smooth-surface WSLs. CPP-ACP is not superior to fluoride varnish by any of the measures studied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology. Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Llena
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology. Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Leyda
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology. Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Forner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001031:Apatites / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002364:Caseins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000628:therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014089:Tooth Remineralization
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D002364:Caseins; C447032:casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex; C025105:fluorapatite; D005459:Fluorides