title: Effect of Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation on Hemiplegic Gait Patterns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of gait training with rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) on both kinematic and temporospatial gait patterns in patients with hemiplegia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen hemiplegic patients diagnosed with either cerebral palsy or stroke participated in this study. All participants underwent the 4-week gait training with RAS. The treatment was performed for 30 minutes per each session, three sessions per week. RAS was provided with rhythmic beats using a chord progression on a keyboard. Kinematic and temporospatial data were collected and analyzed using a three-dimensional motion analysis system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gait training with RAS significantly improved both proximal and distal joint kinematic patterns in hip adduction, knee flexion, and ankle plantar flexion, enhancing the gait deviation index (GDI) as well as ameliorating temporal asymmetry of the stance and swing phases in patients with hemiplegia. Stroke patients with previous walking experience demonstrated significant kinematic improvement in knee flexion in mid-swing and ankle dorsiflexion in terminal stance. Among stroke patients, subacute patients showed a significantly increased GDI score compared with chronic patients. In addition, household ambulators showed a significant effect on reducing anterior tilt of the pelvis with an enhanced GDI score, while community ambulators significantly increased knee flexion in mid-swing phase and ankle dorsiflexion in terminal stance phase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gait training with RAS has beneficial effects on both kinematic and temporospatial patterns in patients with hemiplegia, providing not only clinical implications of locomotor rehabilitation with goal-oriented external feedback using RAS but also differential effects according to ambulatory function.
authors.affiliation: Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon-Kyum
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Music Therapy, Graduate School and Ewha Music Rehabilitation Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.affiliation: Music Therapy Education, Graduate School of Education and Ewha Music Rehabilitation Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea. specare@ewha.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Soo Ji
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. srcho918@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Sung-Rae
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D000368:Aged; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D033023:Foot Joints / Q000503:physiopathology; D005684:Gait; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006429:Hemiplegia; D006801:Humans; D007717:Knee / Q000503:physiopathology; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Gait; hemiplegia; rhythmic auditory stimulation