title: Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Pleuronema orientale spec. nov. and Pleuronema paucisaetosum spec. nov. (Ciliophora, Scuticociliata) from Hangzhou Bay, China.
abstract: Two novel species, Pleuronema orientale spec. nov. and Pleuronema paucisaetosum spec. nov., isolated from coastal waters of Hangzhou Bay, China, were investigated with standard methods. Pleuronema orientale is characterized as follows: size in vivo 95-135 × 50-85 μm; usually one spherical macronucleus; 12-15 prolonged caudal cilia; two or three preoral kineties and 42-50 somatic kineties; membranelle 1 (M1) about 20 % of the anterior fragment of membranelle 2 (M2a) in length, consisting of three longitudinal rows of kinetosomes; posterior end of M2a hook-like; membranelle 3 (M3) three-rowed. Pleuronema paucisaetosum is characterized as follows: size in vivo about 55-85 × 25-55 μm; four or five preoral kineties and 21-23 somatic kineties; posterior end of M2a hook-like; M3 three-rowed. The small-subunit rRNA gene was sequenced for both species. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that P. orientale is most closely related to Pleuronema puytoraci and that P. paucisaetosum is sister to Pleuronema grolierei and Pleuronema setigerum (GenBank accession no. JX310015). With the inclusion of the two new sequences, the monophyly of the genus Pleuronema is not supported.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, PR China.
authors.forename: Hongbo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources, , Wuhan 430079, PR China.|Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
authors.forename: Juxiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, PR China.
authors.forename: Liqing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, PR China.
authors.forename: Jiamei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, PR China.
authors.forename: Ruijuan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hao
mesh_terms: D061006:Bays; D002681:China; D002923:Cilia; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D048648:Macronucleus; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016802:Oligohymenophorea / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010802:Phylogeny; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan