title: Biomineralization-inspired synthesis of chitosan/hydroxyapatite biocomposites based on a novel bilayer rate-controlling model.
abstract: In order to prepare sophisticated biomaterials using a biomimetic approach, a deeper understanding of biomineralization is needed. Of particular importance is the control and regulation of the mineralization process. In this study, a novel bilayer rate-controlling model was designed to investigate the factors potentially influencing mineralization. In the absence of a rate-controlling layer, nano-scale hydroxyapatite (HA) crystallites exhibited a spherical morphology, whereas, in the presence of a rate-controlling layer, HA crystallites were homogeneously dispersed and spindle-like in structure. The mineralization rate had a significant effect on controlling the morphology of crystals. Furthermore, in vitro tests demonstrated that the reaction layer containing spindle-like HA crystallites possessed superior biological properties. These results suggest that a slow mineralization rate is required for controlling the morphology of inorganic crystallites, and consumption by the rate-controlling layer ensured that the ammonia concentration remained low. This study demonstrates that a biomimetic approach can be used to prepare novel biomaterials containing HA crystallites that have different morphologies and biological properties.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, PR China.
authors.forename: Jing-Xiao
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, PR China.
authors.forename: Jia-Bing
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Ran
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, PR China.
authors.forename: Si
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, PR China. Electronic address: shenxy@whu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xin-Yu
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, PR China. Electronic address: sem@whu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tong
mesh_terms: D002113:Calcification, Physiologic; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D048271:Chitosan / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D017886:Durapatite / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D048271:Chitosan; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: Bilayer; Biocomposite; Biomineralization; Rate-controlling model; Spindle-like hydroxyapatite crystallites