title: Paternal history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension affects the prevalence and phenotype of PCOS.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study is to determine if paternal or maternal history of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HT) contributes to the prevalence and phenotype of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed an epidemiologic study about PCOS from four districts in Beijing, China, between 2008 and 2009. Parental histories of DM and HT were collected, and the basic characteristics and serum indices of 123 PCOS patients and 718 non-PCOS controls were tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of a parental history of DM and HT was significantly higher in PCOS patients than non-PCOS women (17.1 % vs. 9.2 % and 42.3 % vs. 26.0 %, P < 0.05, respectively). When paternal history was separated from maternal history, only a paternal history of DM and HT reached statistical significance between PCOS and non-PCOS patients (odds ratio (OR) = 3.42, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.69-6.91; OR = 2.50, 95 % CI = 1.58-3.93, respectively). A paternal history of both DM and HT was significantly associated with sex hormone-binding globulin, fasting plasma glucose, and fasting insulin levels, the free androgen index, and the homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance in PCOS patients (P < 0.05 for all). There was no independent association between maternal history and the clinical or biochemical phenotype of PCOS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PCOS patients with a positive paternal history of both DM and HT have an adverse endocrine and metabolic profile. A paternal history of DM and HT poses a risk to PCOS.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, People's Republic of China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, People's Republic of China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Haolin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, People's Republic of China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China. roseli001@sina.com.|Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, People's Republic of China. roseli001@sina.com.|Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, People's Republic of China. roseli001@sina.com.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, People's Republic of China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000068476:Beijing / Q000453:epidemiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Hypertension; Paternal history; Phenotype; Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)