title: Assessment of chimeric mice with humanized livers in new drug development: generation of pharmacokinetics, metabolism and toxicity data for selecting the final candidate compound.
abstract: 1. Chimeric mice with humanized livers are expected to be a novel tool for new drug development. This review discusses four applications where these animals can be used efficiently to collect supportive data for selecting the best compound in the final stage of drug discovery. 2. The first application is selection of the final compound based on estimated pharmacokinetic parameters in humans. Since chimeric mouse livers are highly repopulated with human hepatocytes, hepatic clearance values in vivo could be used preferentially to estimate pharmacokinetic profiles for humans. 3. The second is prediction of human-specific or disproportionate metabolites. Chimeric mice reproduce human-specific metabolites of drugs under development to conform to ICH guidance M3(R2), except for compounds that were extensively eliminated by co-existing mouse hepatocytes. 4. The third is identifying metabolites with distinct pharmacokinetic profiles in humans. Slow metabolite elimination specifically in humans increases its exposure level, but if its elimination is faster in laboratory animals, the animal exposure level might not satisfy ICH guidance M3(R2). 5. Finally, two examples of reproducing acute liver toxicity in chimeric mice are introduced. Integrated pharmacokinetics, metabolism and toxicity information are expected to assist pharmaceutical scientists in selecting the best candidate compound in new drug development.
authors.affiliation: a ADME & Tox. Research Institute, Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd. , Chuo-ku , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamimura
authors.affiliation: a ADME & Tox. Research Institute, Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd. , Chuo-ku , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002678:Chimera; D055808:Drug Discovery; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D055442:Metabolome; D051379:Mice; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism*; D010599:Pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
keywords: Chimeric mouse; MIST guidance; humanized liver; liver toxicity; metabolism prediction; pharmacokinetics