title: Extended storage and glucose exhaustion are associated with apoptotic changes in platelets stored in additive solution.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The storage of platelets (PLTs) in additive solution (AS) may facilitate improved PLT quality and possibly extension of the PLT shelf life. A minimum amount of plasma is required when PLTs are stored in AS, as a source of glucose. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of reducing the plasma carryover to 20% on PLT quality when stored in SSP+ for an extended period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a pool-and-split design, buffy coat-derived PLTs were stored in either 30% plasma/SSP+ or 20% plasma/SSP+. In vitro analyses were carried out to Day 10. Metabolites and markers of PLT activation and apoptosis were measured using a blood gas analyzer and flow cytometry. PLT apoptotic protein expression was investigated by Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glucose exhaustion occurred in the 20% plasma group between Day 7 and Day 10. The surface expression of P-selectin and PAC-1 was comparable on Day 10 in both groups, suggesting that the PLTs were not activated. However, the exposure of phosphatidylserine and the number of phosphatidylserine-positive microparticles were significantly higher in the 20% group on Day 10. The expression of the proapoptotic proteins Bak, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 were higher in the 20% plasma group by Day 7 of storage, compared to the 30% plasma group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exhaustion of glucose was associated with a proapoptotic phenotype. Results such as these should be considered before extending the PLT shelf life beyond 7 days, particularly when stored in ASs lacking glucose with low plasma carryover.
authors.affiliation: Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Sydney, Australia.|Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.|Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Lacey
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.|Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.affiliation: Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Shereen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.|Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Dana V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Devine
authors.affiliation: Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Denese C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Marks
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001793:Blood Preservation; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015539:Platelet Activation; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose