title: Crataegus songarica methanolic extract accelerates enzymatic status in kidney and heart tissue damage in albino rats and its in vitro cytotoxic activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Crataegus songarica K. Koch (Rosaceae) has been used in folk medicine to treat various diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluates the effect of C. songarica methanol extract on the kidney and heart tissue damage of albino rats, and to determine cytotoxic activity of various extracts of songarica on various human cancer cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were divided into six groups, Group I received water only; Group II received CCl4 (1 mL/kg b wt) intraperitoneal; C. songarica extract (at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg b wt) orally for 15 days. Cytotoxic activity was determined by SRB method using MCF-7, HeLa, HepG2, SF-295, SW480 and IMR-32 cell lines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with CCl4 group, administration of C. songarica extract at the dose of 300 mg/kg b wt, significantly decreases serum creatinine (59.74%), urea (40.23%) and cholesterol (54 mg/dL), MDA (0.007 nmol/mg protein) in kidney and (0.025 nmol/mg protein) in heart tissue, along with evaluation of GSH (209.79 ± 54.6), GR (111.45 ± 2.84), GPx (94.01 ± 14.80), GST (201.71) in kidney tissue and GSH (51.47 ± 1.47), GR (45.42 ± 6.69), GPx (77.19 ± 10.94), GST (49.89) in heart tissue. In addition, methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited potent anticancer activity on six cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 28.57 to 85.106 µg/mL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Crataegus songarica methanol extract has a potential antioxidant effect as it protects the kidney and heart tissue against CCl4-induced toxicity, prevents DNA damage and showed strong anticancer activity.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical Biochemistry and.
authors.forename: Showkat Ahmad
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ganie
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical Biochemistry and.
authors.forename: Tanveer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ali Dar
authors.affiliation: b Department of Biochemistry , University of Kashmir , Srinagar , India.
authors.forename: Sabuhi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zargar
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical Biochemistry and.
authors.forename: Aashiq Hussain
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical Biochemistry and.
authors.forename: Khalid Bashir
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Dar
authors.affiliation: b Department of Biochemistry , University of Kashmir , Srinagar , India.
authors.forename: Akbar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masood
authors.affiliation: b Department of Biochemistry , University of Kashmir , Srinagar , India.
authors.forename: Mohammad Afzal
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zargar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000633:toxicity; D066126:Cardiotoxicity; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D027825:Crataegus / Q000737:chemistry; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006367:HeLa Cells; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008297:Male; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D000432:Methanol
keywords: Antioxidant enzymes; carbon tetrachloride; human cancer cell lines; in vitro anticancer activity