title: Increased Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The molecular mechanism of epileptogenesis in temporal lobe epilepsy is still unclear. Experimental studies have suggested that matrix metalloproteinases have important roles in this process, but human studies are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of MMP-9, MMP-2 and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The tissue samples from temporal neocortex and hippocampus were obtained from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis who had undergone anterior temporal lobectomy for recurrent medically resistant seizures. Immunohistochemical methods were used to determine the expression of MMP-9, MMP-2 and their tissue inhibitors. Tissue samples were also analyzed with transmission electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The immunoreactivity for MMP-9 both in hippocampal and temporal neocortical neurons was stronger than that of MMP-2. Additionally, there was a mild reaction for its tissue inhibitor TIMP-1 as with TIMP-2. The TEM analysis of the hippocampus revealed that there was apparent ultra-structural damage on the pericarya and neuropil of some neurons. There was obvious damage in the mitochondria and the nuclear membrane.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preliminary results of this study revealed that MMP-9 may have a role in patients with drug resistant TLE-HS.
authors.affiliation: Pamukkale University, School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Denizli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Goksemin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Acar
authors.forename: Gamze
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tanriover
authors.forename: Feridun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Acar
authors.forename: Ramazan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Demir
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D038481:Anterior Temporal Lobectomy; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology*; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009474:Neurons / Q000201:enzymology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000601:surgery; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C560822:TIMP1 protein, human; C560823:TIMP2 protein, human; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9