title: Ever dispense of prescribed allergy medication in children growing up close to traffic: a registry-based birth cohort.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiologic studies have shown conflicting results regarding the role of traffic pollution in the development of allergic disease. This study investigated the relationship between living close to traffic and ever dispense of prescribed oral antihistamines or nasal anti-allergic medication, among young children. The underlying aim was to investigate if children growing up close to traffic pollution are at higher risk of developing allergy in early childhood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated a birth cohort in southern Sweden, consisting of N = 26 128 children (0-6 years) with health outcome and exposure data. Of these children, N = 7898, had additional covariate information. Traffic intensity and yearly averages of dispersion-modeled concentrations of NOX (100 × 100 m grid) at residential addresses, were linked with registry data on dispensed allergy medication (the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register). Individual level covariate information was obtained from questionnaires distributed to parents at Child Health Care-center visits, eight months after birth. Cox proportional hazards regression was used for the statistical analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Living in close proximity to a road with equal to or greater than 8640 cars/day (compared to 0-8639 cars/day), was not associated with higher incidence of ever dispensed oral antihistamine or nasal anti-allergic medication, with or without adjustment for confounders (sex, breastfeeding, parental allergy, parental origin, season, and year of birth). Similar results were found in relation to NOX.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Traffic-related exposure was not associated with higher incidence of ever dispensed medication against allergy, in children 0-6 years in southern Sweden. These results indicates that traffic-related exposure may not be a risk factor for early onset allergy in children in southern Sweden. However, children with dispense of prescribed allergy medication may be a selected subgroup, and the results for this group may not be generalizable to all children with allergy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden. anna.lindgren@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lindgren
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden. Emilie.Stroh@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stroh
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden. Kristina.Jakobsson@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jakobsson
mesh_terms: D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001336:Automobiles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006633:Histamine Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
chemical_list: D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents; D006633:Histamine Antagonists; D001335:Vehicle Emissions