title: Antenatal depression in coastal South India: Prevalence and risk factors in the community.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antenatal depression is a highly prevalent disorder with serious implications on maternal and child outcomes. There are few studies examining this in low-middle-income community settings.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of antenatal depression in women from a coastal rural background in Kerala and Tamil Nadu and to determine its associated factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional community-based study, in 202 antenatal women, standard interview and diagnostic criteria (Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised (CIS-R)) were employed for identifying depression and examining a wide range of putative clinical and sociocultural risk factors including domestic violence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a 16.3% prevalence of depression among the 202 women sampled. The possible risk factors after stepwise backward regression were pressure to have a male child, 11.48 (2.36-55.78); financial difficulties, 8.23 (2.49-27.22); non-arranged marriage, 6.05 (1.72-21.23); history of miscarriage-still birth, 5.77 (1.55-21.43) and marital conflict, 9.55 (2.34-38.98).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a need to develop strategies for recognition and appropriate intervention for antenatal depression, in the context of locally relevant risk factors, so as to improve both maternal and child outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Dr. SMCSI Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, India mukkath@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: George
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Dr. SMCSI Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
authors.forename: Anoop R N
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Lalitha
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Dr. SMCSI Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
authors.forename: Abish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antony
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Dr. SMCSI Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
authors.forename: Arun V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Jacob
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017579:Domestic Violence; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Antenatal; community; depression; prevalence; risk factors