title: A Real-Time Skin Dose Tracking System for Biplane Neuro-Interventional Procedures.
abstract: A biplane dose-tracking system (Biplane-DTS) that provides a real-time display of the skin-dose distribution on a 3D-patient graphic during neuro-interventional fluoroscopic procedures was developed. Biplane-DTS calculates patient skin dose using geometry and exposure information for the two gantries of the imaging system acquired from the digital system bus. The dose is calculated for individual points on the patient graphic surface for each exposure pulse and cumulative dose for both x-ray tubes is displayed as color maps on a split screen showing frontal and lateral projections of a 3D-humanoid graphic. Overall peak skin dose (PSD), FOV-PSD and current dose rates for the two gantries are also displayed. Biplane-DTS uses calibration files of mR/mAs for the frontal and lateral tubes measured with and without the table in the beam at the entrance surface of a 20 cm thick PMMA phantom placed 15 cm tube-side of the isocenter. For neuro-imaging, conversion factors are applied as a function of entrance field area to scale the calculated dose to that measured with a Phantom Laboratory head phantom which contains a human skull to account for differences in backscatter between PMMA and the human head. The software incorporates inverse-square correction to each point on the skin and corrects for angulation of the beam through the table. Dose calculated by Biplane DTS and values measured by a 6-cc ionization chamber placed on the head phantom at multiple points agree within a range of -3% to +7% with a standard deviation for all points of less than 3%.
authors.affiliation: Toshiba Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY USA.
authors.forename: Vijay K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY USA ; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY USA ; Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY USA ; Toshiba Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY USA.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rudin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY USA ; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY USA ; Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY USA ; Toshiba Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY USA.
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Bednarek
keywords: Interventional fluoroscopic procedures; biplane imaging system; dose mapping; dose tracking system; fluoroscopy exposure; neuro-interventions; skin dose