title: Serum IL-10 Predicts Worse Outcome in Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  IL-10 is an important immunosuppressive cytokine which is frequently elevated in tumor microenvironment. Some studies have reported that overexpression of serous IL-10 is correlated with worse outcome in patients with malignant tumor. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the prognostic impact of serous IL-10 expression in cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched PubMed and EBSCO for studies in evaluating the association of IL-10 expression-in serum and clinical outcome in cancer patients. Overall survival (OS) was the primary prognostic indicator and disease-free survival (DFS) was the secondary indicator. Extracted data were computed into odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) or a P value for survival at 1, 3 and 5 years. Pooled data were weighted using the Mantel-Haenszel Fixed-effect model. All statistical tests were two-sided.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1788 patients with cancer from 21 published studies were incorporated into this meta-analysis. High level of serum IL-10 was significantly associated with worse OS at 1-year (OR = 3.70, 95% CI = 2.81 to 4.87, P < 0.00001), 3-year (OR = 3.33, 95% CI = 2.53 to 4.39, P < 0.0001) and 5-year (OR = 2.80, 95% CI = 1.90 to 4.10, P < 0.0001) of cancer. Subgroup analysis showed that the correlation between serous IL-10 expression and outcome of patients with solid tumors and hematological malignancies are consistent. The association of IL-10 with worse DFS at 1-year (OR = 3.34, 95% CI = 1.40 to 7.94, P = 0.006) and 2-year (OR = 3.91, 95% CI = 1.79 to 8.53, P = 0.0006) was also identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High expression of serous IL-10 leads to an adverse survival in most types of cancer. IL-10 is a valuable biomarker for prognostic prediction and targeting IL-10 treatment options for both solid tumors and hematological malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, National Ministry of Education; Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, National Ministry of Education; Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Dang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, National Ministry of Education; Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Pin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, National Ministry of Education; Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, National Ministry of Education; Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality*; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C508609:IL10 protein, human; D016753:Interleukin-10