title: Hypothesis on etiopathogenesis, congenital or acquired, of an imperforate distal ureter: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ureteral atresia is a rare disease usually associated with a non-functioning kidney. Its association with other urinary anomalies is rare.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study we discuss the possibility of congenital or acquired etiology of a right imperforate distal ureter. Here we report the case of 11-month-old white boy with a right ureteropelvic junction obstruction. He underwent a right pyeloplasty when he was 11-months old, and 3 weeks after surgery a cystoscopy was performed. Two months after the first operation, he underwent a right ureteral meatoplasty and a new pyeloplasty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To the best of our knowledge, few cases of imperforate distal ureter have been described in the literature. The suspicion of a non-patent terminal ureter, occurring during upper urinary tract surgery, must be intraoperatively clarified to preserve the renal function and to avoid more complex surgical approaches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Infant Medicine and Radiological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 78, 95123, Catania, Italy. prof.bagnaravincenzo@gmail.com.|"G.B. Morgagni" Mediterranean Foundation, 95125, Catania, Italy. prof.bagnaravincenzo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bagnara
authors.affiliation: "G.B. Morgagni" Mediterranean Foundation, 95125, Catania, Italy. sergio.castorina@unict.it.|Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy. sergio.castorina@unict.it.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Castorina
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology-Andrology, Department of Paediatric Nephrology-Urology, "Bambino Gesu" Children's Hospital, Research Institute, Rome, Italy. simona.gerocarni@opbg.net.
authors.forename: S Gerocarni
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Nappo
authors.affiliation: "G.B. Morgagni" Mediterranean Foundation, 95125, Catania, Italy. giovannaprivitera@tiscali.it.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Privitera
authors.affiliation: "G.B. Morgagni" Mediterranean Foundation, 95125, Catania, Italy. tonialuca@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Luca
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology-Andrology, Department of Paediatric Nephrology-Urology, "Bambino Gesu" Children's Hospital, Research Institute, Rome, Italy. caione@opbg.net.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caione
mesh_terms: D003558:Cystoscopy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*