title: Invasive pneumococcal disease among children younger than 5 years of age before and after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Casablanca, Morocco.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence rate of invasive pneumococcal disease, the rates of antibiotic resistance and serotype distribution among children ≤5 years old before and after PCVs introduction in Casablanca, Morocco.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted at the Ibn Rochd University Hospital Centre of Casablanca during two periods encompassing pre-and post-implementation of PCVs, respectively from January 2007 to October 2010 and from January 2011 to December 2014. All the non-duplicate invasive S. pneumoniae isolates recovered during the study periods were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 136 cases of IPD, 91 before and 45 after PCVs introduction. The greatest decrease in incidence rate of IPD occurred in children ≤ 2 years of age declining from 34.6 to 13.5 per 100,000 populations (p<0.0001) before and after vaccination, respectively. The incidence rate of PCV-7, PCV-10 non-PCV-7 and PCV-13 non-PCV-10 serotypes decrease significantly from 18.0 to 4.6, from 5.7 to 1.3 and from 5.7 to 0.8/100,000 population (p<0.001) in the same age, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Shifts in the distribution of IPD serotypes and reductions in the incidence rate of disease suggest an effective reduction of the burden of IPD in children, but continued high quality surveillance is critical to assess the changes in serotype distributions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 19 rue Tarik Bnou Zyad, Casablanca, Morocco; Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, 1, Rue des Hôpitaux, Casablanca, Morocco. Electronic address: diawaraidris@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Idrissa
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Diawara
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 19 rue Tarik Bnou Zyad, Casablanca, Morocco; Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, 1, Rue des Hôpitaux, Casablanca, Morocco. Electronic address: khalid.zerouali2000@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zerouali
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 19 rue Tarik Bnou Zyad, Casablanca, Morocco; Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, 1, Rue des Hôpitaux, Casablanca, Morocco. Electronic address: khalidkatfy@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katfy
authors.affiliation: Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, 1, Rue des Hôpitaux, Casablanca, Morocco. Electronic address: zaki.bahija@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Bahija
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 19 rue Tarik Bnou Zyad, Casablanca, Morocco; Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, 1, Rue des Hôpitaux, Casablanca, Morocco. Electronic address: belhor2001@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Houria
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Belabbes
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco. Electronic address: jilalinajib@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Jillali
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Najib
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 19 rue Tarik Bnou Zyad, Casablanca, Morocco; Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, 1, Rue des Hôpitaux, Casablanca, Morocco; Pasteur Institute of Morocco, 1 Louis Pasteur place, Casablanca, Morocco. Electronic address: naimaelmdaghri@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Naima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Elmdaghri
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009018:Morocco / Q000453:epidemiology; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D065288:Serogroup; D012703:Serotyping; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000145:classification; D014611:Vaccination; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: C538862:13-valent pneumococcal vaccine; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate
keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Invasive pneumococcal disease; Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; Streptococcus pneumoniae