title: Identification and quantification of vinpocetine and picamilon in dietary supplements sold in the United States.
abstract: Vinpocetine and picamilon are drugs prescribed in many countries to treat a variety of cerebrovascular disorders. In the United States, vinpocetine and picamilon have never been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, but they are both available for sale directly to consumers as dietary supplements. We designed our study to determine the accuracy of supplement labels with regard to the presence and quantity of vinpocetine and picamilon. A validated ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode-array method was developed for the quantification of vinpocetine and picamilon. The separation was achieved using a reversed phase (C-18) column, photodiode array detection, and water/acetonitrile as the mobile phase. Vinpocetine and picamilon were detected at concentrations as low as 10 and 50 ng/mL, respectively. The presence of vinpocetine and picamilon was confirmed using reference standards. Twenty-three supplements labelled as containing vinpocetine were available for sale at two large supplement retail chains; 17 contained vinpocetine with quantities ranging from 0.3 to 32 mg per recommended daily serving. No vinpocetine was detected in six of the sampled supplements. The supplement label implied that vinpocetine was a constituent of lesser periwinkle in three of the supplements. Of the 31 picamilon supplements available for sale from a variety of retailers: 30 contained picamilon in quantities ranging from 2.7 to 721.5 mg per recommended daily serving. We found that consumers cannot obtain accurate information from supplement labels regarding the presence or quantity of vinpocetine and picamilon. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA. bavula@olemiss.edu.
authors.forename: Bharathi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Avula
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Amar G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Chittiboyina
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Satyanarayanaraju
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sagi
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Yan-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.|Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Ikhlas A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Cambridge Health Alliance, Somerville, MA, 02143, USA.|Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Pieter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D011356:Product Labeling; D012015:Reference Standards; D014481:United States; D014748:Vinca Alkaloids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D014748:Vinca Alkaloids; C044905:nicotinoyl-GABA; C013983:vinpocetine; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
keywords: UHPLC-PDA; dietary supplements; lesser periwinkle; picamilon; vinpocetine