title: Effect of cholecalciferol on local arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction in children with chronic kidney disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As cardiovascular factors are the leading cause of mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and as vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in this population, we aimed to examine the effect of oral cholecalciferol on cardiac parameters and biomarkers for endothelial cell activation in children with CKD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one children with CKD and 24 healthy subjects free of any underlying cardiac or renal disease with low 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD) levels were evaluated using echocardiography basally and following Stoss vitamin D supplementation. The local vascular stiffness and endothelial dysfunction markers were compared among the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initial flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) measurements were lower and local arterial stiffness was significantly higher in patients. After vitamin D supplementation, these improved significantly in patients, while no significant change was observed for the healthy group. Homocysteine showed inverse correlation with baseline vitamin D level in CKD children and von Willebrand factor emerged as an independent risk factor for FMD impairment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our interventional study revealed the favorable effects of high-dose cholecalciferol on cardiovascular and endothelial parameters, implying the importance of vitamin D supplementation in children with CKD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Kocaeli University, Medical Faculty, Izmit, Turkey. mbaha_79@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Mehmet Baha
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-9593
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Aytaç
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Kocaeli University, Medical Faculty, Izmit, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deveci
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Kocaeli University, Medical Faculty, Izmit, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kenan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Kocaeli University, Medical Faculty, Izmit, Turkey.
authors.forename: Özlem
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Kayabey
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kocaeli University, Medical Faculty, Izmit, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zelal
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ekinci
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004452:Echocardiography; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000187:drug effects*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014815:Vitamins; D002762:Cholecalciferol; D002112:Calcifediol
keywords: 25-hydroxyvitamin D3; Arterial stiffness; Children; Chronic kidney disease; Flow-mediated dilatation