title: Anti-Tumor Effect of Steamed Codonopsis lanceolata in H22 Tumor-Bearing Mice and Its Possible Mechanism.
abstract: Although previous studies confirmed that steaming and the fermentation process could significantly improve the cognitive-enhancement and neuroprotective effects of Codonopsis lanceolata, the anti-tumor efficacy of steamed C. lanceolata (SCL) and what mechanisms are involved remain largely unknown. The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-tumor effect in vivo of SCL in H22 tumor-bearing mice. The results clearly indicated that SCL could not only inhibit the tumor growth, but also prolong the survival time of H22 tumor-bearing mice. Besides, the serum levels of cytokines, such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), were enhanced by SCL administration. The observations of Hoechst 33258 staining demonstrated that SCL was able to induce tumor cell apoptosis. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that SCL treatment significantly increased Bax expression and decreased Bcl-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression of H22 tumor tissues in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, LC/MS analysis of SCL indicated that it mainly contained lobetyolin and six saponins. Taken all together, the findings in the present study clearly demonstrated that SCL inhibited the H22 tumor growth in vivo at least partly via improving the immune functions, inducing apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China. w.li@jlau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China. xuqi@jlau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun 130012, China. hyf_1992@163.com.
authors.forename: Yu-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China. liuying@jlau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China. yangshubao1981@163.com.
authors.forename: Shu-Bao
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China. wangzi8020@126.com.
authors.forename: Zi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China. zhjing0701@163.com.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China. hyzlc@126.com.
authors.forename: Li-Chun
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D029745:Codonopsis / Q000737:chemistry*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000517:prevention & control; D008517:Phytotherapy; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000032:analysis; D013227:Steam; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D016207:Cytokines; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D013227:Steam; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
keywords: Bax; Bcl-2; H22 tumor-bearing; LC/MS; VEGF; steamed Codonopsis lanceolata