title: HPV16 E6 Controls the Gap Junction Protein Cx43 in Cervical Tumour Cells.
abstract: Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) causes a range of cancers including cervical and head and neck cancers. HPV E6 oncoprotein binds the cell polarity regulator hDlg (human homologue of Drosophila Discs Large). Previously we showed in vitro, and now in vivo, that hDlg also binds Connexin 43 (Cx43), a major component of gap junctions that mediate intercellular transfer of small molecules. In HPV16-positive non-tumour cervical epithelial cells (W12G) Cx43 localised to the plasma membrane, while in W12T tumour cells derived from these, it relocated with hDlg into the cytoplasm. We now provide evidence that E6 regulates this cytoplasmic pool of Cx43. E6 siRNA depletion in W12T cells resulted in restoration of Cx43 and hDlg trafficking to the cell membrane. In C33a HPV-negative cervical tumour cells expressing HPV16 or 18 E6, Cx43 was located primarily in the cytoplasm, but mutation of the 18E6 C-terminal hDlg binding motif resulted in redistribution of Cx43 to the membrane. The data indicate for the first time that increased cytoplasmic E6 levels associated with malignant progression alter Cx43 trafficking and recycling to the membrane and the E6/hDlg interaction may be involved. This suggests a novel E6-associated mechanism for changes in Cx43 trafficking in cervical tumour cells.
authors.affiliation: Feinberg School of Medicine, North Western University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. pengsun2014@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK. 2102286D@student.gla.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK. Alasdair.MacDonald@gla.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Alasdair I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.affiliation: MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK. 2107107A@student.gla.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Shahrzad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akbari
authors.affiliation: Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, Scotland, UK. Mike.Edward@gla.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Edward
authors.affiliation: Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, Scotland, UK. Malcolm.Hodgins@gla.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Malcolm B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Hodgins
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, Scotland, UK. Scott.Johnstone@gla.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Scott R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Johnstone
authors.affiliation: MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK. Sheila.Graham@gla.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Sheila V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Graham
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry; D018031:Connexin 43 / Q000378:metabolism*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000737:chemistry; D000074288:Discs Large Homolog 1 Protein; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000821:virology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D018031:Connexin 43; C513314:DLG1 protein, human; D000074288:Discs Large Homolog 1 Protein; C068651:E6 protein, Human papillomavirus type 16; C500216:GJA1 protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D012097:Repressor Proteins
keywords: Connexin 43 (Cx43) trafficking; E6 oncoprotein; human homologue of Drosophila discs large (hDlg); human papillomavirus (HPV)