title: Endocannabinoids and related lipids in blood plasma following touch massage: a randomised, crossover study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The endocannabinoid system is involved in the regulation of stress and anxiety. In a recent study, it was reported that short-term changes in mood produced by a pleasant ambience were correlated with changes in the levels of plasma endocannabinoids and related N-acylethanolamines (Schrieks et al. PLoS One 10: e0126421, 2015). In the present study, we investigated whether stress reduction by touch massage (TM) affects blood plasma levels of endocannabinoids and related N-acylethanolamines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A randomized two-session crossover design for 20 healthy participants was utilised, with one condition that consisted of TM and a rest condition as control. TM increased the perceived pleasantness rating of the participants, and both TM and rest reduced the basal anxiety level as assessed by the State scale of the STAI-Y inventory. However, there were no significant effects of either time (pre- vs. post-treatment measures) as main effect or the interaction time x treatment for the plasma levels of the endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol or for eight other related lipids. Four lipids showed acceptable relative reliabilities, and for two of these (linoleoyl ethanolamide and palmitoleoyl ethanolamide) a significant correlation was seen between the TM-related change in levels, calculated as (post-TM value minus pre-TM value) - (post-rest value minus pre-rest value), and the corresponding TM-related change in perceived pleasantness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that in the participants studied here, there are no overt effects of TM upon plasma endocannabinoid levels. Possible associations of related N-acylethanolamines with the perceived pleasantness should be investigated further.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. lenita.lindgren@umu.se.
authors.forename: Lenita
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lindgren
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. sandra.gouveia@umu.se.|Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. sandra.gouveia@umu.se.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gouveia-Figueira
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. malin.nording@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Malin L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Nording
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. cf@pharm.umu.se.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Fowler
mesh_terms: D001519:Behavior; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D063388:Endocannabinoids / Q000097:blood*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008405:Massage; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012146:Rest; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000097:blood; D014110:Touch
chemical_list: D063388:Endocannabinoids; D008055:Lipids