title: An Analysis of Young Driver Crash Types and the Associated Lifetime Care Cost in Victoria, Australia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The elevated crash involvement rate of young drivers is well documented. Given the higher crash risk of young drivers and the need for innovative policy and programs, it remains important to fully understand the type of crashes young drivers are involved in, and knowledge of the lifetime care cost of crashes can support effective policy development. The aim of this article is to document the number and type of young driver crashes, as well as the associated lifetime care cost over a 9-year period (2005-2013) in Victoria, Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  In Victoria, Australia, the Transport Accident Commission (TAC) has legislated responsibility for road safety and the care of persons injured in road crashes, irrespective of fault. TAC claims data for the period 2005-2013 were used to document the number and type of young driver crashes. Lifetime care costs (past and future payment liabilities) were calculated by Taylor Fry actuarial consultancy. License and population data were used to define the crash involvement rate of young drivers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over the 9-year period, 16,817 claims were lodged to the TAC by drivers 18-25 years of age following a crash. There were 646 fewer drivers aged 18-25 killed and injured in 2013, compared to 2005, representing an unadjusted change of -28.7% (-29.8% males; -28.4% females). The total lifetime care cost of young drivers killed and injured in Victoria for the period 2005-2013 was estimated to be AU$634 million (US$493 million). Differences between males and females, single- and multivehicle crashes, and fatalities and injuries were found to be statistically significant. Run-off-road crashes and crashes from opposing direction were overrepresented in the lifetime care costs for young driver claimants. Twenty-eight injured drivers were classified as high-severity claims. These 28 claimants require additional long-term care, which was estimated to be AU$219 million; of these 28, 24 were male (85.7%). The long-term care costs for these 28 drivers (0.16%) accounts for 34.5% of the total lifetime care cost of all 18- to 25-year-old injured drivers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By using no-fault lifetime care costs that account for medical and like expenses, rehabilitation, and social reintegration costs, a more accurate understanding of the cost of young driver crashes can be determined. Application of these costs to specific crash types highlights new priorities and opportunities for developing programs to reduce young driver crashes.
authors.affiliation: a Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash Injury Research Institute , Monash University, Clayton Campus , Victoria , Australia.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buckis
authors.affiliation: a Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash Injury Research Institute , Monash University, Clayton Campus , Victoria , Australia.
authors.forename: Mike G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lenné
authors.affiliation: a Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash Injury Research Institute , Monash University, Clayton Campus , Victoria , Australia.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fitzharris
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008004:Licensure; D008297:Male; D057766:Policy; D012306:Risk; D012449:Safety; D014739:Victoria / Q000453:epidemiology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: costs; crash types; lifetime; novice driver; young driver