title: Validation study of the modified injection technique for internal mammary sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer.
abstract: According to the hypothesis of internal mammary sentinel lymph node (IM-SLN) lymphatic drainage pattern, a modified radiotracer injection technique (periareolar intraparenchyma, high volume, and ultrasonographic guidance) was established. To verify the accuracy of the hypothesis and validate the modified radiotracer injection technique and to observe whether the lymphatic drainage of the whole breast parenchyma could reach to the same IM-SLN, different tracers were injected into different locations of the breast. The validation study results showed that the correlation and the agreement of the radiotracer and the fluorescence tracer are significant (case-base, r s =0.808, P<0.001; Kappa =0.79, P<0.001). It proved that the lymphatic drainage from different location of the breast (the primary tumor, the subareolar plexus) reached the same IM-SLNs and the hypothesis of IM-SLN lymphatic drainage pattern (ie, IM-SLN receives lymphatic drainage from not only the primary tumor area, but also the entire breast parenchyma). In other words, it validated the accuracy of our modified radiotracer injection technique.
authors.affiliation: Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan University-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China ; School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Jinan University-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bin-Bin
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Cong
authors.affiliation: Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan University-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China ; School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Jinan University-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Shan
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan University-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Peng-Fei
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan University-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan-Bing
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan University-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan University-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan University-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chun-Jian
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan University-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhao-Peng
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan University-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan University-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yong-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: breast cancer; internal mammary; sentinel lymph node biopsy; visualization rate