title: Separation and characterization of polyphenolics from underutilized byproducts of fruit production (Choerospondias axillaris peels): inhibitory activity of proanthocyanidins against glycolysis enzymes.
abstract: Bioactive proanthocyanidins were isolated from the peel of Choerospondias axillaris fruit, which is a waste product of the food processing industry. Compositional analysis indicated that the proanthocyanidins had extension units mainly consisting of epicatechin gallate or epicatechin, and terminal units mainly consisting of catechin. Numerous polymeric forms of the molecules were detected, including monomers, dimers, and trimers. Certain fractions exhibited strong α-amylase or α-glucosidase inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, their inhibitory activities depended on their degree of polymerization and galloylation. For example, the most bioactive fraction had α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities (IC50 values) of 541 and 3.1 μg mL(-1), respectively. This study demonstrates that proanthocyanidins from C. axillaris peels can inhibit carbohydrate digestive enzymes in vitro and may therefore serve as antidiabetic ingredients in functional or medical foods.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, P.R. China. liti@ncu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, P.R. China. liti@ncu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, P.R. China. liti@ncu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ti
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, P.R. China. liti@ncu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Chengmei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, P.R. China. liti@ncu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yuxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. mcclements@foodsci.umass.edu and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: David Julian
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McClements
authors.affiliation: Jiangxi Qiyunshan Food Co., Ltd, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jiyan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D027926:Anacardiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D002392:Catechin; C062669:epicatechin gallate; D000516:alpha-Amylases