title: Glycemic Response and Fermentation of Crystalline Short Linear α-Glucans from Debranched Waxy Maize Starch.
abstract: The glycemic index (GI) is used to rank foods based on postprandial blood glucose response. GI test requires that 50 g of available carbohydrate be used. Available carbohydrate is often calculated as total carbohydrate minus dietary fiber; yet, AOAC fiber methods do not always include resistant starch (RS). The objective of this study was to examine GI response and fermentation properties of crystalline short-chain α-glucan (CSCA), which has high RS content, but no total dietary fiber (TDF) content as measured by AOAC method 991.43. Using the standard GI method, 10 adults were fed 50 g of waxy maize starch and CSCA, consumed alone and in mixed formulation. Breath hydrogen was also determined over 6 h. Fifty grams of CSCA was not entirely available in vivo, and breath hydrogen testing indicated that CSCA was as likely to ferment. Products high in RS, but with no TDF, would yield reduced GI values, and this calls for the need of a method to define available carbohydrate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Grain Science and Industry and ‡Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States.
authors.forename: Lauren R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Brewer
authors.affiliation: Department of Grain Science and Industry and ‡Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States.
authors.forename: Casey
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Department of Grain Science and Industry and ‡Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haub
authors.affiliation: Department of Grain Science and Industry and ‡Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States.
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Grain Science and Industry and ‡Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States.
authors.forename: Yong-Cheng
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D005936:Glucans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013213:Starch / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult; D003313:Zea mays / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005936:Glucans; D013213:Starch
keywords: available carbohydrate; fermentation; glycemic response; resistant starch; total dietary fiber