title: Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Decrease Bone Morphogenetic Protein Type 2-Induced Inflammation In Vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein type 2 (rhBMP-2) has been used to promote bone regeneration. In contrast, some reports have suggested rhBMP-2 does not provide advantages over autogenous bone grafting owing to the undesirable postoperative symptoms of this growth factor. Because the undesirable symptoms of rhBMP-2 are usually promoted by inflammation, this study evaluated the in vivo effect of human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) incorporated into polylactic co-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffolds in decreasing the inflammatory response induced by a low dose of rhBMP-2.
  
  
  METHODS
  PLGA scaffolds were characterized and loaded with rhBMP-2 1, 2.5, or 5 μg per scaffold (n = 6) and the in vitro released protein amounts were quantified at 7 hours and 1, 7, and 21 days after loading (n = 3). The muscle tissue of 6 beagles received the following treatments: PLGA, PLGA plus rhBMP-2 (2.5 μg), and PLGA plus rhBMP-2 plus ASCs (1 × 10(6) ASCs). The samples were evaluated 45 days after surgery. Statistical analyses were performed and the P value was set at .05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PLGA plus rhBMP-2 plus ASCs yielded the smallest number of inflammatory foci (P < .001) and giant cells (P < .001) and the largest number of angiogenesis sites (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human ASCs administered in vivo into PLGA scaffolds with a low dose of rhBMP-2 decrease tissue inflammation and increase angiogenesis in muscular sites.
authors.affiliation: Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil. Electronic address: ariadnecruz@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ariadne Cristiane Cabral
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Caon
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Environment and Health, University of Planalto Catarinense, Lages, Brazil.
authors.forename: Álvaro
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Menin
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Dentistry, Unigranrio University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Granato
authors.affiliation: Research, Department of Research, Institute of Applied Biotechnologies, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Águedo
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Aragonês
authors.affiliation: Professor, Avantis Department of Dentistry, University, Balneário Camboriu, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boabaid
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cláudia Maria Oliveira
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Simões
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004285:Dogs; D015726:Giant Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C499469:recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid