title: Fluorescein sodium-guided surgery in cerebral lymphoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Growth and progress of primary central nervous lymphoma (PCNSL) severely disrupt the blood brain barrier (BBB). Such disruptions can be intraoperatively visualized by injecting fluorescein sodium (FL) and applying a YELLOW 560 nm surgical microscope filter. Here, we report a small cohort of patients with PCNSL that mimicked high grade gliomas (HGG) or cerebral metastases (CM), who had been operated on with the use of FL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospectively, seven patients with PCNSL were identified, who had been operated on by means of microsurgery after intravenous FL injection. The surgical reports were screened for statements on the grade of fluorescent staining in the tumor area. One representative case was chosen to show the staining under white light as well as under filtered light at different distances to the tumor area.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients had shown bright and homogenous fluorescent staining of the tumor (n=7. 100%). No adverse effects had been observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Similar to patients with HGG or CM, patients with PCNSL may benefit from use of FL and the dedicated YELLOW 560 nm filter in open surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Regensburg University Hospital, Germany; Wilhelm-Sander Neuro-Oncology Unit, Regensburg University Hospital, Germany. Electronic address: karl-michael.schebesch@ukr.de.
authors.forename: Karl-Michael
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Schebesch
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Regensburg University Hospital, Germany; Wilhelm-Sander Neuro-Oncology Unit, Regensburg University Hospital, Germany.
authors.forename: Julius
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoehne
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Regensburg University Hospital, Germany; Wilhelm-Sander Neuro-Oncology Unit, Regensburg University Hospital, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hohenberger
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Acerbi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Morgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Broggi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Regensburg University Hospital, Germany; Wilhelm-Sander Neuro-Oncology Unit, Regensburg University Hospital, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Proescholdt
authors.affiliation: Institute of Radiology, Neuroradiology Branch, Regensburg University Hospital, Germany; Wilhelm-Sander Neuro-Oncology Unit, Regensburg University Hospital, Germany.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wendl
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, Germany; Wilhelm-Sander Neuro-Oncology Unit, Regensburg University Hospital, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Riemenschneider
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Regensburg University Hospital, Germany; Wilhelm-Sander Neuro-Oncology Unit, Regensburg University Hospital, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brawanski
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016543:Central Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D019793:Fluorescein; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D019793:Fluorescein
keywords: Fluorescein sodium; Fluorescence-guided surgery; PCNSL; Primary central nervous lymphoma; YELLOW 560nm filter