title: Change of strategies and future perspectives against hepatitis B virus recurrence after liver transplantation.
abstract: A few decades ago, liver transplantation in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was considered a relative contraindication because of the high rate of graft infections and poor prognosis. Since then, remarkable progress was introduced by using nucleos(t)ide analogues and/or hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) and liver transplantation for HBV-related disease is now becoming one of the good indication. However, high cost burden is the main problem for this combination prophylaxis for a long time use, and this issue should be emerged to be resolved. In this review, we show the progress of post anti-HBV strategies showing the history from introduction of HBIg and nucleos(t)ide analogues to recent new strategies with hepatitis B vaccine or saving or stopping protocols of HBIg, and clarify and discuss how to do for further improvement of prevention strategies with better quality.
authors.affiliation: Masatoshi Ishigami, Yoshiki Hirooka, Hidemi Goto, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishigami
authors.affiliation: Masatoshi Ishigami, Yoshiki Hirooka, Hidemi Goto, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogura
authors.affiliation: Masatoshi Ishigami, Yoshiki Hirooka, Hidemi Goto, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirooka
authors.affiliation: Masatoshi Ishigami, Yoshiki Hirooka, Hidemi Goto, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goto
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058625:End Stage Liver Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery* / Q000821:virology; D005838:Genotype; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014775:Virus Activation
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007136:Immunoglobulins; C045213:hepatitis B hyperimmune globulin
keywords: Escape mutant; Hepatitis B immunoglobulin; Hepatitis B vaccine; Hepatitis B virus; Liver transplantation; Nucleos(t)ide analogue; Prophylaxis