title: Effect of ensiling time and exogenous protease addition to whole-plant corn silage of various hybrids, maturities, and chop lengths on nitrogen fractions and ruminal in vitro starch digestibility.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ensiling time and exogenous protease addition on soluble CP (% of CP), ammonia-N (% of N), and ruminal in vitro starch digestibility (ivSD) of whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) from 3 hybrids, 2 maturities, and 2 chop lengths. Samples from 3 nonisogenic hybrids [brown midrib containing the bm3 gene mutation (BM3), dual-purpose (DP), or floury-leafy (LFY)] at 2 harvest maturities [2/3 kernel milk line (early) or 7d later (late)] with 2 theoretical lengths of cut settings (0.64 or 1.95cm) on a forage harvester were collected at harvest, treated with or without exogenous protease, and ensiled in triplicate in vacuum heat-sealed plastic bags for 0, 30, 60, 120, and 240d. Thus, the experiment consisted of 120 treatments (3 hybrids × 2 maturities × 2 chop lengths × 2 protease treatments × 5 time points) and 360 mini-silos (3 replications per treatment). Vitreousness, measured by dissection on unfermented kernels on the day of harvest, averaged 66.8, 65.0, and 59.0% for BM3, DP, and LFY, respectively. A protease × maturity interaction was observed with protease increasing ivSD in late but not early maturity. Ensiling time × hybrid interactions were observed for ammonia-N and soluble CP concentrations with greater values for FLY than other hybrids only after 120d of ensiling. Ensiling time × hybrid or protease × hybrid interactions were not observed for ivSD. Measurements of ivSD were greatest for FLY and lowest for BM3. Length of the ensiling period did not attenuate negative effects of kernel vitreousness or maturity on ivSD in WPCS. Results suggest that the dosage of exogenous protease addition used in the present study may reduce but not overcome the negative effects of maturity on ivSD in WPCS. No interactions between chop length and ensiling time or exogenous protease addition were observed for ivSD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Ferraretto
authors.affiliation: Department of Computing and Biometry, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Crump
authors.affiliation: Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706. Electronic address: rdshaver@wisc.edu.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Shaver
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D004063:Digestion; D005285:Fermentation; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis*; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012639:Seeds; D012820:Silage / Q000032:analysis*; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D003313:Zea mays / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000641:Ammonia; D013213:Starch; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: corn silage; ensiling; protease; ruminal in vitro starch digestibility