title: Vaccine Hesitancy Among General Practitioners and Its Determinants During Controversies: A National Cross-sectional Survey in France.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to assess: 1) vaccine hesitancy (VH) prevalence among French general practitioners (GPs) through the frequency of their vaccine recommendations, and 2) the determinants of these recommendations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional observational study in 2014 nested in a national panel of 1712 randomly selected GPs in private practice in France. We constructed a score of self-reported recommendation frequency for 6 specific vaccines to target populations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  16% to 43% of GPs sometimes or never recommended at least one specific vaccine to their target patients. Multivariable logistic regressions of the dichotomized score showed that GPs recommended vaccines frequently when they felt comfortable explaining their benefits and risks to patients (OR = 1.87; 1.35-2.59), or trusted official sources of information highly (OR = 1.40; 1.01-1.93). They recommended vaccines infrequently when they considered that adverse effects were likely (OR = 0.71; 0.52-0.96) or doubted the vaccine's utility (OR = 0.21; 0.15-0.29).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings show that after repeated vaccine controversies in France, some VH exists among French GPs, whose recommendation behaviors depend on their trust in authorities, their perception of the utility and risks of vaccines, and their comfort in explaining them. Further research is needed to confirm these results among health care workers in other countries.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, UMR912 "Economics and Social Sciences Applied to Health & Analysis of Medical Information" (SESSTIM), 23 rue Stanislas Torrents, 13006 Marseille, France ; ORS PACA, Southeastern Health Regional Observatory, 23 rue Stanislas Torrents, 13006 Marseille, France ; Aix Marseille University, IRD, UMR-S912, 58 bd Charles Livon, 13284 Marseille Cedex 07, France ; INSERM, F-CRIN, Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology (I-REIVAC), GH Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Verger
authors.affiliation: INSERM, UMR912 "Economics and Social Sciences Applied to Health & Analysis of Medical Information" (SESSTIM), 23 rue Stanislas Torrents, 13006 Marseille, France ; ORS PACA, Southeastern Health Regional Observatory, 23 rue Stanislas Torrents, 13006 Marseille, France ; Aix Marseille University, IRD, UMR-S912, 58 bd Charles Livon, 13284 Marseille Cedex 07, France.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fressard
authors.affiliation: INSERM, UMR912 "Economics and Social Sciences Applied to Health & Analysis of Medical Information" (SESSTIM), 23 rue Stanislas Torrents, 13006 Marseille, France ; ORS PACA, Southeastern Health Regional Observatory, 23 rue Stanislas Torrents, 13006 Marseille, France ; Aix Marseille University, IRD, UMR-S912, 58 bd Charles Livon, 13284 Marseille Cedex 07, France.
authors.forename: Fanny
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Collange
authors.affiliation: Institut national de prévention et d'éducation pour la santé, 42 boulevard de la Libération, 93203 Saint Denis Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gautier
authors.affiliation: Institut national de prévention et d'éducation pour la santé, 42 boulevard de la Libération, 93203 Saint Denis Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jestin
authors.affiliation: INSERM, F-CRIN, Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology (I-REIVAC), GH Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, INSERM CIC 1417, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Odile
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Launay
authors.affiliation: EHESP Rennes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, avenue du Professeur Léon-Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Jocelyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raude
authors.affiliation: Université de Lorraine, Université Paris Descartes, EA 4360 APEMAC, 34 Cours Léopold, 54000 Nancy, France ; CHU de Nancy, Service de Maladies Infectieuses, 29 Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 54035 Nancy cedex, France.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pulcini
authors.affiliation: INSERM, UMR912 "Economics and Social Sciences Applied to Health & Analysis of Medical Information" (SESSTIM), 23 rue Stanislas Torrents, 13006 Marseille, France ; ORS PACA, Southeastern Health Regional Observatory, 23 rue Stanislas Torrents, 13006 Marseille, France ; Aix Marseille University, IRD, UMR-S912, 58 bd Charles Livon, 13284 Marseille Cedex 07, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peretti-Watel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D016312:Treatment Refusal; D014611:Vaccination; D014612:Vaccines
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines
keywords: Adverse effects; Attitudes of health personnel; General practitioners; Private practice; Trust; Vaccine hesitancy