title: Mannitol to prevent cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in patients with squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (SCCHN) receiving concurrent therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to compare the incidence and severity of nephrotoxicity in patients receiving cisplatin with saline hydration vs. saline hydration with mannitol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review of all patients receiving a starting dose of cisplatin 100 mg/m(2) with concurrent radiation for SCCHN between January 1, 2009 and March 1, 2013. All patients received pre and post hydration each with 1 l of 0.9 % saline. The mannitol group received 12.5 g of mannitol in the prehydration fluid. The primary outcome was to compare the rate of grade 3 or greater serum creatinine (SCr) increase in patients receiving saline hydration vs. the addition of mannitol; additional parameters of interest included creatinine clearance, electrolyte disturbances, dose changes, and discontinuation of cisplatin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 139 patients (80 % male) with a median age of 56 years (range 22 to 75 years) were collected; 88 received mannitol and 51 received saline alone. On multivariable analysis, the mannitol group was less likely to have grade 3 SCr increase than saline only group (OR 0.16; 95 % CI 0.04-0.65; p value = 0.01). There were no grade 4 SCr increase events. Rates of hypomagnesemia and hypokalemia were similar across groups. Grade 3 hyponatremia was more likely to occur in the mannitol group as compared to saline alone group (41 vs 22 %; p = 0.026).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of mannitol to saline hydration decreased the incidence of grade 3 increases in SCr in this cohort of patients and may increase rates of hyponatremia. Further investigations of methods to lessen cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. trevor.mckibbin@emory.edu.|Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, 1365 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. trevor.mckibbin@emory.edu.
authors.forename: Trevor
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0539-2379
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McKibbin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Linda L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Sungjin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.|Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, 1365 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Conor E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Steuer
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.|Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, 1365 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Taofeek K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Owonikoko
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.|Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, 1365 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Fadlo R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Khuri
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.|Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, 1365 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Dong M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.|Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, 1365 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Nabil F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Saba
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D059248:Chemoradiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004234:Diuretics, Osmotic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007008:Hypokalemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008275:Magnesium Deficiency / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D008353:Mannitol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018307:Neoplasms, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004234:Diuretics, Osmotic; D008353:Mannitol; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D002945:Cisplatin
keywords: Cisplatin; Hydration; Mannitol; Nephrotoxicity; Prevention