title: Analysis of soil bacteria susceptibility to manufactured nanoparticles via data visualization.
abstract: The impact of ZnO and TiO2 manufactured nanoparticles (MNPs) on soil bacterial communities for different exposure periods and MNP doses was explored via data visualization techniques. Interrelationships between MNP treatments and responses of bacterial taxa were illustrated by bipartite graphs, allowing fast identification of important soil bacterial taxa that are susceptible to MNPs. Contribution biplots with subcompositional coherence property were generated via log-ratio analysis (LRA), which jointly display the treatment distribution and the variance (contribution) of bacterial taxa. The LRA contribution biplots and nonmetric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) of the dataset, along with hierarchical clustering, demonstrated that high doses of ZnO and TiO2 MNPs caused significant compositional changes in soil bacterial communities. The suitability of family level for MNP taxonomic impact assessment was demonstrated by both the LRA biplots and simplified NMDSs with quantification provided by the distance correlation between MNP impacts summarized at different taxonomic levels. The present study demonstrates that visual exploration could potentially assist in knowledge discovery and interpretation of data on soil bacterial communities exposed to MNPs and thus evaluate the potential for environmental impacts.
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, United States ; Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, United States ; Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, United States.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, United States ; Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, United States ; Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, United States.
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Holden
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, United States ; Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, United States ; Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
authors.forename: Yoram
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cohen
keywords: environmental impact; manufactured nanoparticles; nanoinformatics; soil bacteria; visualization