title: Oral fungal immunomodulatory protein-Flammulina velutipes has influence on pulmonary inflammatory process and potential treatment for allergic airway disease: A mouse model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  House dust mite (HDM) is well known as one of the major indoor allergens that trigger allergic inflammation, especially asthma, and accounts for 85% of all cases. So far, asthma has been thought of as a condition of imbalance between T helper (Th)1 and Th2. Fungal immunomodulatory protein-Flammulina velutipes (FIP-fve) has been seemingly demonstrated to modulate the response to Th1 cytokine production. The aim of this study was to investigate if the oral administration of FIP-fve can inhibit HDM-induced asthma inflammation in the mouse model.
  
  
  METHODS
  We divided the mice (female BALB/c, 4-6 weeks) into four groups: the prevention group, which consisted of mice sensitized by HDM (intraperitoneally on Day 1, Day 7, and Day 14, and intranasally on Day 14, Day 17, Day 21, Day 24, and Day 27) fed with FIP-fve from Day 1 to Day 14; the treatment group, which comprised mice that received treatment from Day 14 to Day 28; the positive control (PC, sensitized by HDM fed without FIP-fve) group; and the negative control group (NC, nonsensitized). Airway hyperresponsiveness induced by methacholine challenge was determined using whole-body barometric plethysmography. In addition, cytokines were analyzed from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum. Histopathological studies and Liu's staining method in mice lungs were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that both pre- and posttreated FIP-fve groups had significantly reduced airway hyperresponsiveness compared with the PC group after methacholine challenge. In addition, a significantly decreased level of HDM-specific immunoglobulin E in serum and decreased production of Th2 cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum were observed in these two FIP-fve fed groups. Moreover, more decreased amounts of infiltrating inflammatory cells were present in the lungs of FIP-fve fed groups than those of the PC group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral FIP-fve had an anti-inflammatory effect on the acute phase of the airway inflammatory process induced by HDM in the mouse model and might have a potentially therapeutic role for allergic airway diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pediatrics, Ministry of Health and Welfare Feng-Yuan Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Po-Yu
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Hai-Lun
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Jiunn-Liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Min-Sho
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ku
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Ling-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yu-Tzu
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Pei-Fen
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Hui-Hsien
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Hsueh-Lin
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: cshy095@csh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Ko-Huang
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lue
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D055393:Flammulina / Q000737:chemistry*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010991:Plethysmography; D039981:Pyroglyphidae / Q000276:immunology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D007155:Immunologic Factors
keywords: fungal immunomodulatory protein-Flammulina velutipes; house dust mite; methacholine challenge; mouse model