title: Apelin/APJ signaling in hypoxia-related diseases.
abstract: The regulatory peptide apelin is the endogenous ligand for the orphan G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Apelin and APJ exist in a variety of tissues, with special status in the heart, lung and tumors. Consequently, the apelin/APJ system exerts a broad range of activities that affect multiple organ systems. Accumulating evidence indicates that the expressions of apelin and APJ are significantly augmented by hypoxia through the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) signaling pathway. Increased apelin promotes cellular proliferation, migration and survival, therefore regulating angiogenesis. In addition, the pre-administration of exogenous apelin is involved in the occurrence and development of hypoxia-induced pathological diseases. The purpose of this article is to review the properties of the apelin/APJ system, which is affected by hypoxic conditions, and the regulation of apelin/APJ signaling in hypoxia-associated disorders. Thus, the apelin/APJ system may be a potential therapeutic target in hypoxia-related diseases.
authors.affiliation: Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China. Electronic address: lxchen6@126.com.
authors.forename: Linxi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China. Electronic address: llfwjl@126.com.
authors.forename: Lanfang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000378:metabolism; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000378:metabolism; D000073861:Apelin; D000075244:Apelin Receptors; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000378:metabolism; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*; D012178:Retinopathy of Prematurity / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: C115436:APLN protein, human; C104575:APLNR protein, human; D000073861:Apelin; D000075244:Apelin Receptors; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
keywords: Apelin/APJ; Hypoxia-related diseases; Hypoxia/hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha