title: Polyol-enhanced dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography and nitrogen phosphorous detection for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides from aqueous samples, fruit juices, and vegetables.
abstract: Polyol-enhanced dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction has been proposed for the extraction and preconcentration of some organophosphorus pesticides from different samples. In the present study, a high volume of an aqueous phase containing a polyol (sorbitol) is prepared and then a disperser solvent along with an extraction solvent is rapidly injected into it. Sorbitol showed the best results and it was more effective on the extraction recoveries of the analytes than inorganic salts such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and sodium sulfate. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the method showed low limits of detection and quantification within the ranges of 12-56 and 44-162 pg/mL, respectively. Enrichment factors and extraction recoveries were in the ranges of 2799-3033 and 84-92%, respectively. The method precision was evaluated at a concentration of 10 ng/mL of each analyte, and relative standard deviations were found to be less than 5.9% for intraday (n = 6) and less than 7.8% for interday (n = 4). Finally, some aqueous samples were successfully analyzed using the proposed method and four analytes (diazinon, dimethoate, chlorpyrifos, and phosalone) were determined, some of them at ng/mL level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mir Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Farajzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Afshar Mogaddam
authors.affiliation: Food and Drug Laboratories, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali Akbar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Alizadeh Nabil
mesh_terms: D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D005504:Food Analysis; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010575:Pesticides; D014867:Water; D010758:Phosphorus; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction; Gas chromatography; Nitrogen-phosphorous detection; Organophosphorus pesticides; Sorbitol