title: Genetic Tailors: CTCF and Cohesin Shape the Genome During Evolution.
abstract: Research into chromosome structure and organization is an old field that has seen some fascinating progress in recent years. Modern molecular methods that can describe the shape of chromosomes have begun to revolutionize our understanding of genome organization and the mechanisms that regulate gene activity. A picture is beginning to emerge of chromatin loops representing a widespread organizing principle of the chromatin fiber and the proteins cohesin and CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) as key players anchoring such chromatin loops. Here we review our current understanding of the features of CTCF- and cohesin-mediated genome organization and how their evolution may have helped to shape genome structure.
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vietri Rudan
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. Electronic address: s.hadjur@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Suzana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hadjur
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D000076246:CCCTC-Binding Factor; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D016678:Genome; D006801:Humans; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000097722:Cohesins
chemical_list: D000076246:CCCTC-Binding Factor; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002843:Chromatin; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000097722:Cohesins; C000619697:CTCF protein, human