title: Five-Year Outcome of Self-Expanding Covered Stents for Superficial Femoral Artery Occlusive Disease and an Analysis of Factors Predicting Failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the 5-year outcome of patients treated with self-expanding covered stents for superficial femoral artery (SFA) occlusive disease and identify parameters that could predict loss of primary patency.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a dual-center study, 315 consecutive patients (mean age 69.0±10.1 years; 232 men) treated for SFA occlusive disease in 334 limbs with Viabahn self-expanding covered stents between 2001 and 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Mean lesion length was 11.7±8.8 cm, and half of the lesions were classified as TASC II C/D. Five-year patency rates were calculated, and Cox regression analyses were performed to assess potential factors affecting patency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All-cause mortality at 5 years was 14.1%. Primary patency rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 72.2%, 51.8%, and 47.6%, respectively, with secondary patency rates of 86.2%, 78.7%, and 77.5%. Parameters predicting loss of primary patency in a univariate analysis were covered stent diameter (p=0.001), the number of covered stents per lesion (p=0.015), and TASC II D classification (p=0.007). Covered stent diameter was the only parameter predicting loss of primary patency in the multivariate regression analysis (p=0.001), with 7-mm covered stents having superior performance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Five-year patency rates of self-expanding covered stents inserted for SFA occlusive disease are within an acceptable range. Covered stent diameter is the most relevant factor in predicting loss of primary patency, and thus, an adequate diameter of the distal landing site seems to be among the most important factors in the decision-making process. In smaller vessels, one should not use covered stents but venous conduits, as oversizing may be detrimental.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rombout R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Kruse
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Floris B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Poelmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Doomernik
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hans G M
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Burgerhof
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wilbert M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Fritschy
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frans L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Moll
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands mmpj.reijnen@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Michel M P J
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Reijnen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D057510:Endovascular Procedures; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: covered stent; heparin bonding; occlusive disease; outcome; patency; stenosis; stent diameter; stent-graft; superficial femoral artery