title: Complete mitochondrial genome of Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae).
abstract: In this study, complete mitochondrial genome of the large earth bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, was first determined. The mitochondrial genome is 174 000 bp in length, and encodes 1 D-loop region, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes and 20 transfer RNA genes. Average GC content of this genome is 15%. nad6 and cob are overlapped with 12 bp, while atp8 and atp6 are overlapped with 18 bp. Phylogeny analysis indicates Bombus species exhibit closer genetic distance with Melipona species than with Apis species.
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MOE), College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China , Qingdao , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qingwei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MOE), College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China , Qingdao , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Guiqi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MOE), College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China , Qingdao , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ezi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MOE), College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China , Qingdao , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Junqing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MOE), College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China , Qingdao , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MOE), College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China , Qingdao , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Guoqiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001482:Base Composition; D001516:Bees / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial; D025261:Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D012343:RNA, Transfer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; D012343:RNA, Transfer; D025261:Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases
keywords: Bombus terrestris; mitogenome; phylogeny analysis