title: Longitudinal Modeling of the Association Between Transmissible Risk, Affect During Drug Use and Development of Substance Use Disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This longitudinal investigation examined the hypothesis that subjective experience during consumption of preferred drugs mediates the association of transmissible risk for substance use disorder (SUD) measured in childhood and adolescence, and SUD diagnosis in adulthood. Transmissible risk denotes the psychological characteristics having intergenerational continuity between parents and their biological children.
  
  
  METHODS
  The transmissible liability index (TLI) was administered to four hundred eighty-three 10 to 12-year-old boys (baseline). Follow-up evaluations were conducted when the boys attained 12-14, 16, 19, and 22 years of age, using age-specific versions of the TLI. Frequency of consumption of the participants' three most preferred drugs, affect on an ordinary day, affect while under influence of the preferred substances, and presence/absence of current SUD were assessed at 22 years of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consumption frequency of preferred drugs among boys mediates the association of transmissible risk during childhood, and adolescence and SUD diagnosis in adulthood. Severity of negative affect on a drug-free day predicts frequency of consumption of preferred drugs, which, in turn, predicts severity of negative affect during the drug use event. Neither affect on a drug-free day nor affect during the drug use event mediates the association of transmissible risk and SUD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Affect on drug-free days, and while under influence of preferred substances, covary with consumption frequency; however, affect is not related to transmissible SUD risk or SUD outcome.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh (R.E.T., L.K., M.R., Z.Z., I.G., M.V.), School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA; and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (M.H.), Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Ralph E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Tarter
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kirisci
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horner
authors.forename: ZuWei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gathuru
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vanyukov
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D002648:Child; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult