title: Worldwide Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus and Relative Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Meta-analysis.
abstract: Despite the increasing number of studies conducted recently to evaluate the association between HPV infections and the risk of prostate cancer, the results remain inconclusive. Furthermore, the prevalence and distribution of overall and individual HPV types worldwide in prostate cancer has not been reported until now. Therefore, we estimated the prevalence of HPV in prostate cancer by pooling data of 46 studies with 4919 prostate cancer cases, taking into account the heterogeneity of major related parameters, including study region, specimen type, HPV DNA source, detection method, publication calendar period and Gleason score. Moreover, we tested the association of HPV infections with prostate cancer risks by a meta-analysis of 26 tissue-based case-control studies. We found that the prevalence of HPV infection was 18.93% (95% CI = 17.84-20.05%) in prostate cancer cases, and most of which were high-risk HPV types (17.73%, 95% CI = 16.52-18.99%). The prevalence varied by region, PCR primers used, publication calendar period and Gleason score. Our study also showed a significantly increased risk of prostate cancer with the positivity of overall HPV detected in prostate tissues (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.29-2.49) and revealed the geographic variation of association strength (P < 0.001). In conclusion, HPV infections may contribute to the risk of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.|Department of hospital infection control, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shuanghua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoshuang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Tongzhang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Cindy Ke
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China.
authors.forename: Zhibin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ni
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hang
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D012307:Risk Factors