title: Long-term field phytoextraction of zinc/cadmium contaminated soil by Sedum plumbizincicola under different agronomic strategies.
abstract: In two long-term field experiments the zinc (Zn)/cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator Sedum plumbizincicola (S. plumbizincicola) was examined to optimize the phytoextraction of metal contaminated soil by two agronomic strategies of intercropping with maize (Zea mays) and plant densities. Soil total Zn and Cd concentrations decreased markedly after long-term phytoextraction. But shoot biomass and Cd and Zn concentrations showed no significant difference with increasing remediation time. In the intercropping experiment the phytoremediation efficiency in the treatment "S. plumbizincicola intercropped with maize" was higher than in S. plumbizincicola monocropping, and Cd concentrations of corn were below the maximum national limit. In the plant density experiment the phytoremediation efficiency increased with increasing plant density and 440,000 plants ha(-1) gave the maximum rate. These results indicated that S. plumbizincicola at an appropriate planting density and intercropped with maize can achieve high remediation efficiency to contaminated soil without affecting the cereal crop productivity. This cropping system combines adequate agricultural production with soil heavy metal phytoextraction.
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing , China.|b College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University , Guiyang , China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing , China.
authors.forename: Zhu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing , China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: b College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University , Guiyang , China.
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing , China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing , China.
authors.forename: Longhua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing , China.
authors.forename: Pengjie
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: c Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai , China.
authors.forename: Yongming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing , China.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Christie
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism*; D031963:Sedum / Q000378:metabolism*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D045868:Sorghum / Q000254:growth & development; D003313:Zea mays / Q000254:growth & development; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D015032:Zinc
keywords: heavy metal; intercropping; long term; phytoremediation; plant densities