title: The anticarcinogenic potential of essential oil and aqueous infusion from caper (Capparis spinosa L.).
abstract: The present study assessed the influence of essential oil and aqueous infusion from wild-grown caper (Capparis spinosa L.) on cell growth, NF-κB activation, apoptosis and cell cycle in the human colon carcinoma cell line, HT-29. Methyl isothiocyanate (92.06%), a degradation product of glucosinolate glucocapparin, was detected as major component of essential oil from caper leaves and flower buds. Aqueous infusion of caper showed an interesting and variegate compositional pattern containing several phenolic compounds, among which a flavonol glycoside, rutin (quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, 50.7%) and 5-caffeoyl-quinic acid (chlorogenic acid, 17.5%) were detected as dominant. Caper essential oil and aqueous infusion showed time- and dose-dependent high inhibitory effect on HT-29 cell proliferation. In addition, they induced the inhibition on nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activity in a dose-dependent manner, while they did not show any effect on apoptosis in HT-29 cells. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that treatment with caper essential oil and aqueous infusion resulted in G2/M cell cycle arrest in a dose-dependent manner. Presented results suggest that caper contains volatile and non-volatile compounds which potentially can play an important role in colon cancer prevention.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Teslina 10, 21000 Split, Croatia; Technical University of Münich, Department of Food and Nutrition, Chair of the Biofunctionality of Food, Life Science Center Weihenstephan, Hochfeldweg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany. Electronic address: tea@ktf-split.hr.
authors.forename: Tea
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kulisic-Bilusic
authors.affiliation: Technical University of Münich, Department of Food and Nutrition, Chair of the Biofunctionality of Food, Life Science Center Weihenstephan, Hochfeldweg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schmöller
authors.affiliation: Technical University of Münich, Department of Food and Nutrition, Chair of the Biofunctionality of Food, Life Science Center Weihenstephan, Hochfeldweg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany.
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schnäbele
authors.affiliation: Istituto del C.N.R. di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, I-95126 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Siracusa
authors.affiliation: Istituto del C.N.R. di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, I-95126 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ruberto
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D031484:Capparis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Anticancer activity; Aqueous infusion; Caper; Cell cycle; Essential oil; HT-29 cells; NF-κB activity