title: Circulating Double-Stranded DNA in Plasma of Hemodialysis Patients and its Association with Iron Stores.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by oxidative stress, and most of the adverse effects of CKD are mediated by iron-catalyzed ROS generation. The DNA, in particular, is more susceptible to attack by ROS than other proteins and membrane lipids. Considering the evidence on the relationship between CKD, iron metabolism, and DNA damage, the purpose of this study was to evaluate cell-free DNA in the plasma of HD patients and its association with iron status biomarkers and kidney function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurements of the circulating cell-free DNA in plasma, iron, ferritin, transferrin and other biochemical parameters were performed in 40 chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients and 40 healthy controls. Blood samples were also collected 1 hour before and 1 hour after the HD session to check whether a single HD session would be able to promote an increase in cell-free DNA in the plasma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cell-free DNA in plasma was significantly increased in HD patients in comparison with healthy controls (p = 0.0017), and significant correlations were observed between cell-free DNA and GFR and ferritin. Our findings showed that a single HD session was not able to promote an increase in cell-free DNA. It was reported that increased ferritin levels and reduced GFR were associated with higher circulating cell-free DNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HD patients presented increased ceIl-free DNA. In addition, the increase of ferritin levels and the decrease of GFR were associated with DNA damage. We also observed that a single HD session was not able to promote an increase in cell-free DNA.
authors.forename: Luiz Carlos
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Cichota
authors.forename: Guilherme Vargas
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Bochi
authors.forename: Etiane
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tatsch
authors.forename: Vanessa Dorneles
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Torbitz
authors.forename: Paula Roberto Dall
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Agnol
authors.forename: Jean Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Zanardo
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barbisan
authors.forename: Ivana Beatrice Mânica
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: da Cruz
authors.forename: Rodrigo de Almeida
authors.initials: Rde A
authors.lastname: Vaucher
authors.forename: Rafael Noal
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Moresco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004247:DNA / Q000097:blood*; D004249:DNA Damage; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood*; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D014168:Transferrin / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D014168:Transferrin; D004247:DNA; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron